text
stringlengths
61
700k
input_ids
sequencelengths
19
263k
attention_mask
sequencelengths
19
263k
length
int64
19
263k
Calculating The Poverty Line Classroom experiences that critically investigate the causes and meaning of poverty in our own nation offer students tools for change, and new ways to interpret the world around them. Grade Level • Students will learn how the federal government estimates the poverty line. • Students will calculate alternatives to the federal estimate, in small groups or individually. • Students will discuss the possible effects of underestimating the poverty line. The federal poverty line is used to determine individuals' and families' eligibility for particular kinds of aid and services and also is an important benchmark that helps the nation know how many Americans are struggling financially each year, and over time. In 2012, the federal government set the poverty line for a family of four at $23,050. The figure is based on food costs — the government identifies how much it should cost to feed a family of four for one year and then multiplies that number by three. The formula has been used for decades. What it fails to capture is this: In today's America, food expenses represent just one-fifth of the average household budget, not a third. Other costs — housing, health care, childcare and transportation — typically eat up larger portions of a family's budget. Suggested Procedures Step One Ask students if they have ever heard of the federal poverty line. If so, invite them to share what they know. Review the above framework and objectives with students. Step Two Working in diverse small groups, or individually, ask students to complete the handout (PDF). Be sure to "walk the room" and help students or groups who are struggling with particular portions of the word problem. The answers, along with mathematical solutions, appear below. So, how much income is really required to make ends meet? 1: Adjusting the federal estimate • Based on the government's estimate, what is the annual cost of food for a family of four? ($23,050/3=$7,683.30) • If annual food costs represent one-fifth of a family's expenses, how much money does a family need to purchase food and everything else it needs? $7,683.30 = x       20          100 x= ($7,683.30x100)/20 = $38,416.50 The adjusted federal estimate is $38,416.50. 2: Using other benchmarks What if the government used other factors —childcare or housing costs, for example — to calculate the poverty line, instead of food costs? Typical rental (2 bedroom) costs in the United States today run $949 per month, and a family with one four-year-old and one school-aged child pays an average of $1,066 per month in childcare costs. ($1,066 x 12 months x 3= $38,376) ($949 x 12 months x 3= $34,164) • If the federal estimate was based on childcare cost, not food, the poverty line would be $38,376. • If the federal estimate was based on housing costs, not food, the poverty line would be $34,164. So, how severely does the federal poverty line underestimate income a family really needs to make ends meet? $23,050 $38,416.50 $38,376 $34,164  Federal Estimate  Adjusted Federal Estimate  Childcare Benchmark  Housing Benchmark 1. Judged against the adjusted federal estimate, the federal estimate underestimates the income necessary by 40%. ($38,416.50 -$23,050=$15,366.50)/$38,416.50)=.39 (40%) 2. Judged against an estimate based on childcare costs, the federal estimate underestimates the income necessary by 40%. ($38,376-$23,050=$15,326)/$38,376)=.39 (40%) 3. Judged against an estimate based on housing costs, the federal estimate underestimates the income necessary by 52%. (34,164-$23,050=$11,114)/$34,164)=.33 (33%) Step Three Remind students that the federal poverty line serves two primary purposes: 1) to establish eligibility (or ineligibility) of individuals and families for certain kinds of aid and services, and 2) to help the nation gauge the number of Americans who are struggling financially, in a given year and over time. As a whole class, discuss: • Based on what we've learned, how likely is it that a family making $25,000 a year — an income above the poverty line — would struggle financially? Why? (Very likely — we've learned that it could take anywhere from $23,050 to $38,416 for a family of four to make ends meet.) • What are some possible effects of the government underestimating the poverty line? (Answers will vary, but may include: people who need aid and services won't get them; the government won't really know how many people are struggling; it paints a healthier economic picture than there really is.) • Why might the government be hesitant to change its formula for calculating the poverty line? (Answers will vary, but may include: we're running a deficit, and don't have money to provide more aid; it's the way they've always done it; changing it would mean changing lots of government programs, and that would be cumbersome for a big bureaucracy like the federal government.) • Do you think the federal government should change the way it calculates the poverty line? Why? (Answers will vary.) Statistical data in this activity is drawn from Ending Poverty, eds. John Edwards, Marion Crain and Arne L. Kalleberg, The New Press, 2007, Income, Expenditures, & Wealth, U.S. Census Bureau, 2004, at www.census.gov and the Bureau of Labor Statistics at www.bls.gov. Extension Activity To help students understand that working people with all kinds of jobs can struggle financially or experience poverty, allow time for them to research the median wages of different professions. A good place to start is the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Samples include: Profession: Median Salary School cook: $24,230 Retail salesperson: $25,130 Hairstylist: $26,460 Preschool teacher: $30,150 City bus driver: $37,440 News reporter: $27,600 Realtor: $51,170 (includes commissions) Firefighter: $47,720 Note: These salary numbers assume full-time employment (40 hours per week) for 52 weeks per year. Source for Calculating the Poverty Line All of the salaries are from this link: http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm National Housing Conference, Factsheet: Most to Least Expensive Rental Markets from Rankings for More Than 200 U.S. Metropolitan Areas,which rents are based on the FY2012 Fair Market Rents from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. More information on how it is calculated is available here: http://www.huduser.org/portal/datasets/fmr.html
[ 9771, 3129, 803, 383, 30627, 6910, 198, 198, 9487, 3823, 6461, 326, 19475, 9161, 262, 5640, 290, 3616, 286, 8098, 287, 674, 898, 3277, 2897, 2444, 4899, 329, 1487, 11, 290, 649, 2842, 284, 6179, 262, 995, 1088, 606, 13, 198, 42233, 5684, 628, 50286, 3581, 14882, 481, 2193, 703, 262, 2717, 1230, 7746, 262, 8098, 1627, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 14882, 481, 15284, 14693, 284, 262, 2717, 8636, 11, 287, 1402, 2628, 393, 17033, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 14882, 481, 2112, 262, 1744, 3048, 286, 20164, 39204, 262, 8098, 1627, 13, 628, 198, 464, 2717, 8098, 1627, 318, 973, 284, 5004, 3925, 6, 290, 4172, 6, 20069, 329, 1948, 6982, 286, 6133, 290, 2594, 290, 635, 318, 281, 1593, 18335, 326, 5419, 262, 3277, 760, 703, 867, 3399, 389, 9648, 18786, 1123, 614, 11, 290, 625, 640, 13, 198, 198, 818, 2321, 11, 262, 2717, 1230, 900, 262, 8098, 1627, 329, 257, 1641, 286, 1440, 379, 720, 1954, 11, 28669, 13, 383, 3785, 318, 1912, 319, 2057, 3484, 851, 262, 1230, 21079, 703, 881, 340, 815, 1575, 284, 3745, 257, 1641, 286, 1440, 329, 530, 614, 290, 788, 15082, 444, 326, 1271, 416, 1115, 13, 383, 10451, 468, 587, 973, 329, 4647, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 340, 10143, 284, 8006, 318, 428, 25, 554, 1909, 338, 2253, 11, 2057, 9307, 2380, 655, 530, 12, 43556, 286, 262, 2811, 6641, 4466, 11, 407, 257, 2368, 13, 3819, 3484, 851, 5627, 11, 1535, 1337, 11, 42857, 290, 9358, 851, 6032, 4483, 510, 4025, 16690, 286, 257, 1641, 338, 4466, 13, 628, 198, 43857, 276, 43698, 198, 198, 8600, 1881, 198, 198, 25214, 2444, 611, 484, 423, 1683, 2982, 286, 262, 2717, 8098, 1627, 13, 1002, 523, 11, 14037, 606, 284, 2648, 644, 484, 760, 13, 6602, 262, 2029, 9355, 290, 15221, 351, 2444, 13, 628, 198, 8600, 4930, 198, 198, 28516, 287, 10084, 1402, 2628, 11, 393, 17033, 11, 1265, 2444, 284, 1844, 262, 1021, 448, 357, 20456, 737, 1355, 1654, 284, 366, 11152, 262, 2119, 1, 290, 1037, 2444, 393, 2628, 508, 389, 9648, 351, 1948, 16690, 286, 262, 1573, 1917, 13, 383, 7429, 11, 1863, 351, 18069, 8136, 11, 1656, 2174, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 11, 703, 881, 3739, 318, 1107, 2672, 284, 787, 5645, 1826, 30, 198, 198, 16, 25, 20292, 278, 262, 2717, 8636, 628, 50286, 3581, 13403, 319, 262, 1230, 338, 8636, 11, 644, 318, 262, 5079, 1575, 286, 2057, 329, 257, 1641, 286, 1440, 30, 7198, 1954, 11, 28669, 14, 18, 43641, 22, 11, 47521, 13, 1270, 8, 198, 50286, 3581, 1002, 5079, 2057, 3484, 2380, 530, 12, 43556, 286, 257, 1641, 338, 9307, 11, 703, 881, 1637, 857, 257, 1641, 761, 284, 5001, 2057, 290, 2279, 2073, 340, 2476, 30, 198, 198, 3, 22, 11, 47521, 13, 1270, 796, 2124, 44320, 5624, 4603, 1160, 22686, 220, 1849, 3064, 198, 198, 87, 28, 7198, 22, 11, 47521, 13, 1270, 87, 3064, 20679, 1238, 796, 720, 2548, 11, 35218, 13, 1120, 628, 198, 464, 12328, 2717, 8636, 318, 720, 2548, 11, 35218, 13, 1120, 13, 198, 198, 17, 25, 8554, 584, 31747, 198, 2061, 611, 262, 1230, 973, 584, 5087, 851, 9410, 6651, 393, 5627, 3484, 11, 329, 1672, 851, 284, 15284, 262, 8098, 1627, 11, 2427, 286, 2057, 3484, 30, 198, 198, 31467, 605, 14447, 357, 17, 14043, 8, 3484, 287, 262, 1578, 1829, 1909, 1057, 720, 48581, 583, 1227, 11, 290, 257, 1641, 351, 530, 1440, 12, 1941, 12, 727, 290, 530, 1524, 12, 1886, 1200, 13831, 281, 2811, 286, 720, 16, 11, 15, 2791, 583, 1227, 287, 42857, 3484, 13, 198, 198, 16763, 16, 11, 15, 2791, 2124, 1105, 1933, 2124, 513, 28, 720, 2548, 11, 32128, 8, 198, 198, 16763, 48581, 2124, 1105, 1933, 2124, 513, 28, 720, 2682, 11, 23237, 8, 628, 50286, 3581, 1002, 262, 2717, 8636, 373, 1912, 319, 42857, 1575, 11, 407, 2057, 11, 262, 8098, 1627, 561, 307, 720, 2548, 11, 32128, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 1002, 262, 2717, 8636, 373, 1912, 319, 5627, 3484, 11, 407, 2057, 11, 262, 8098, 1627, 561, 307, 720, 2682, 11, 23237, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 11, 703, 15052, 857, 262, 2717, 8098, 1627, 34994, 3739, 257, 1641, 1107, 2476, 284, 787, 5645, 1826, 30, 198, 198, 3, 1954, 11, 28669, 720, 2548, 11, 35218, 13, 1120, 720, 2548, 11, 32128, 720, 2682, 11, 23237, 198, 1849, 24099, 10062, 1920, 220, 1849, 39668, 276, 5618, 10062, 1920, 220, 1849, 16424, 6651, 25187, 4102, 220, 1849, 39, 12752, 25187, 4102, 198, 198, 16, 13, 4794, 2004, 1028, 262, 12328, 2717, 8636, 11, 262, 2717, 8636, 20164, 26748, 262, 3739, 3306, 416, 2319, 7225, 198, 198, 16763, 2548, 11, 35218, 13, 1120, 532, 3, 1954, 11, 28669, 43641, 1314, 11, 32459, 13, 1120, 20679, 3, 2548, 11, 35218, 13, 1120, 47505, 13, 2670, 357, 1821, 4407, 198, 198, 17, 13, 4794, 2004, 1028, 281, 8636, 1912, 319, 42857, 3484, 11, 262, 2717, 8636, 20164, 26748, 262, 3739, 3306, 416, 2319, 7225, 198, 198, 16763, 2548, 11, 32128, 22799, 1954, 11, 28669, 43641, 1314, 11, 39195, 20679, 3, 2548, 11, 32128, 47505, 13, 2670, 357, 1821, 4407, 198, 198, 18, 13, 4794, 2004, 1028, 281, 8636, 1912, 319, 5627, 3484, 11, 262, 2717, 8636, 20164, 26748, 262, 3739, 3306, 416, 6740, 7225, 198, 198, 7, 2682, 11, 23237, 22799, 1954, 11, 28669, 43641, 1157, 11, 16562, 20679, 3, 2682, 11, 23237, 47505, 13, 2091, 357, 2091, 4407, 628, 198, 8600, 7683, 198, 198, 8413, 521, 2444, 326, 262, 2717, 8098, 1627, 9179, 734, 4165, 4959, 25, 352, 8, 284, 4474, 20069, 357, 273, 287, 417, 328, 2247, 8, 286, 3925, 290, 4172, 329, 1728, 6982, 286, 6133, 290, 2594, 11, 290, 362, 8, 284, 1037, 262, 3277, 18266, 262, 1271, 286, 3399, 508, 389, 9648, 18786, 11, 287, 257, 1813, 614, 290, 625, 640, 13, 198, 198, 1722, 257, 2187, 1398, 11, 2112, 25, 628, 50286, 3581, 13403, 319, 644, 356, 1053, 4499, 11, 703, 1884, 318, 340, 326, 257, 1641, 1642, 720, 1495, 11, 830, 257, 614, 851, 281, 3739, 2029, 262, 8098, 1627, 851, 561, 6531, 18786, 30, 4162, 30, 357, 16371, 1884, 851, 356, 1053, 4499, 326, 340, 714, 1011, 6609, 422, 720, 1954, 11, 28669, 284, 720, 2548, 11, 35218, 329, 257, 1641, 286, 1440, 284, 787, 5645, 1826, 2014, 628, 50286, 3581, 1867, 389, 617, 1744, 3048, 286, 262, 1230, 20164, 39204, 262, 8098, 1627, 30, 357, 2025, 37848, 481, 7565, 11, 475, 743, 2291, 25, 661, 508, 761, 6133, 290, 2594, 1839, 470, 651, 606, 26, 262, 1230, 1839, 470, 1107, 760, 703, 867, 661, 389, 9648, 26, 340, 32281, 257, 22841, 3034, 4286, 621, 612, 1107, 318, 2014, 628, 50286, 3581, 4162, 1244, 262, 1230, 307, 32848, 284, 1487, 663, 10451, 329, 26019, 262, 8098, 1627, 30, 357, 2025, 37848, 481, 7565, 11, 475, 743, 2291, 25, 356, 821, 2491, 257, 11807, 11, 290, 836, 470, 423, 1637, 284, 2148, 517, 6133, 26, 340, 338, 262, 835, 484, 1053, 1464, 1760, 340, 26, 5609, 340, 561, 1612, 5609, 6041, 286, 1230, 4056, 11, 290, 326, 561, 307, 44491, 329, 257, 1263, 25250, 588, 262, 2717, 1230, 2014, 628, 50286, 3581, 2141, 345, 892, 262, 2717, 1230, 815, 1487, 262, 835, 340, 43707, 262, 8098, 1627, 30, 4162, 30, 357, 2025, 37848, 481, 7565, 2014, 198, 198, 17126, 19929, 1366, 287, 428, 3842, 318, 7428, 422, 43626, 30627, 11, 1225, 82, 13, 1757, 17381, 11, 32473, 327, 3201, 290, 943, 710, 406, 13, 509, 6765, 3900, 11, 383, 968, 4332, 11, 4343, 11, 19003, 11, 48623, 20686, 11, 1222, 35151, 11, 471, 13, 50, 13, 20962, 9840, 11, 5472, 11, 379, 7324, 13, 66, 7314, 13, 9567, 290, 262, 9840, 286, 7882, 14370, 379, 7324, 13, 2436, 82, 13, 9567, 13, 628, 198, 11627, 3004, 24641, 198, 198, 2514, 1037, 2444, 1833, 326, 1762, 661, 351, 477, 6982, 286, 3946, 460, 6531, 18786, 393, 1998, 8098, 11, 1249, 640, 329, 606, 284, 2267, 262, 14288, 9400, 286, 1180, 34423, 13, 317, 922, 1295, 284, 923, 318, 262, 9840, 286, 7882, 14370, 13, 3409, 2374, 2291, 25, 198, 198, 15404, 2521, 25, 26178, 46860, 198, 198, 26130, 4255, 25, 720, 1731, 11, 19214, 198, 9781, 603, 4200, 6259, 25, 720, 1495, 11, 12952, 198, 23303, 667, 2645, 396, 25, 720, 2075, 11, 34716, 198, 25460, 1251, 4701, 25, 720, 1270, 11, 8628, 198, 14941, 1323, 4639, 25, 720, 2718, 11, 25644, 198, 9980, 9095, 25, 720, 1983, 11, 8054, 198, 15633, 13165, 25, 720, 4349, 11, 17279, 357, 42813, 30421, 8, 198, 13543, 24733, 25, 720, 2857, 11, 23906, 198, 198, 6425, 25, 2312, 9588, 3146, 7048, 1336, 12, 2435, 7184, 357, 1821, 2250, 583, 1285, 8, 329, 6740, 2745, 583, 614, 13, 628, 198, 7416, 329, 27131, 803, 262, 30627, 6910, 198, 198, 3237, 286, 262, 17058, 389, 422, 428, 2792, 25, 2638, 1378, 2503, 13, 2436, 82, 13, 9567, 14, 3028, 14, 14421, 14, 3028, 62, 32353, 13, 19211, 198, 198, 16186, 16797, 8785, 11, 19020, 21760, 25, 4042, 284, 1004, 459, 5518, 2021, 371, 2470, 30251, 422, 40284, 329, 3125, 17924, 939, 471, 13, 50, 13, 21609, 38662, 11, 4758, 28393, 389, 1912, 319, 262, 23639, 6999, 7011, 5991, 371, 658, 422, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 2732, 286, 16797, 290, 14665, 7712, 13, 3125, 1321, 319, 703, 340, 318, 10488, 318, 1695, 994, 25, 2638, 1378, 2503, 13, 71, 463, 7220, 13, 2398, 14, 634, 282, 14, 19608, 292, 1039, 14, 38353, 81, 13, 6494, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,581
Pedo Magnet Maddie Ziegler Dances Anon (VIDEO) The social media phenomenon of pre-pubescent Maddie Ziegler is based entirely around her remarkably advanced interpretive dancing skills. Let's all believe that together. Maddie's work is typically her twelve year old self in nude material rolling around on beds portraying the underaged angst of sexually repressed and emotionally tortured grown women. Occasionally she gets to fend off a naked Shia LaBeouf. Or this more The Grammy's Finally Stopped There's that moment when you realize you're watchingMadonna with the Alvin Aileyrejected applicants prancing behind her and you just want to brush your Chuckydoll's hair and forget about the world for a while. Fuck me, Grammy's. You got me again. That aging grandma matador, that funky looking Australian rapper who looked like the queen in an albino chess set, and Taylor Swift who climbed to the top of the more Sia Issues Apology For Her Shia Dance Raping Girl Video Sia apologized to people who thought her video featuring Shia LaBeouf and a twelve year old chick groping each other was laden with enough pedophiliac content to make the entire sex offender registry collectively cum. I'm not saying itdefinitely constitutes child porn, but if it doesn't make you uncomfortable as fuck you're most definitely a pedophile and probably deserve to be drowned with the other witches. more Minus the Child-Rapey Bits, Maddie Ziegler's Future Is Bright (VIDEO) You can't go half-in and call yourself a stage mom. You can't have your young daughter be half-cast or half-fondled or half-insane from the pressures of being a kid performer half-feeding the whole family. Dina Lohan knew this. Demi Lovato's mom. Selena's mom. Trish Cyrus. The two Coreys. Either you toss your kids into the rape pit or you go back to Florida and try to get your telemarketing call center hours more
[ 47, 24757, 32079, 21457, 494, 1168, 15702, 1754, 360, 1817, 49347, 357, 42937, 8, 198, 198, 464, 1919, 2056, 10733, 286, 662, 12, 12984, 45470, 21457, 494, 1168, 15702, 1754, 318, 1912, 5000, 1088, 607, 21196, 6190, 6179, 425, 15360, 4678, 13, 3914, 338, 477, 1975, 326, 1978, 13, 21457, 494, 338, 670, 318, 6032, 607, 14104, 614, 1468, 2116, 287, 26349, 2587, 10708, 1088, 319, 20237, 42458, 262, 739, 1886, 48973, 286, 11363, 1128, 2790, 290, 17991, 22485, 7334, 1466, 13, 40659, 673, 3011, 284, 41229, 572, 257, 12105, 27424, 4689, 3856, 37116, 13, 1471, 428, 517, 198, 198, 464, 42235, 338, 9461, 22025, 1496, 198, 198, 1858, 338, 326, 2589, 618, 345, 6537, 345, 821, 4964, 18454, 6415, 351, 262, 49939, 317, 9618, 260, 35408, 17057, 778, 5077, 2157, 607, 290, 345, 655, 765, 284, 14093, 534, 14663, 5173, 692, 338, 4190, 290, 6044, 546, 262, 995, 329, 257, 981, 13, 25617, 502, 11, 42235, 338, 13, 921, 1392, 502, 757, 13, 1320, 14736, 49890, 2603, 7079, 11, 326, 42958, 2045, 6638, 25670, 508, 3114, 588, 262, 16599, 287, 281, 435, 65, 2879, 19780, 900, 11, 290, 8121, 15608, 508, 19952, 284, 262, 1353, 286, 262, 517, 198, 198, 50, 544, 22852, 5949, 1435, 1114, 2332, 27424, 17349, 371, 9269, 7430, 7623, 198, 198, 50, 544, 22893, 284, 661, 508, 1807, 607, 2008, 9593, 27424, 4689, 3856, 37116, 290, 257, 14104, 614, 1468, 17943, 39136, 278, 1123, 584, 373, 9717, 268, 351, 1576, 27706, 2403, 330, 2695, 284, 787, 262, 2104, 1714, 19595, 20478, 21329, 10973, 13, 314, 1101, 407, 2282, 340, 4299, 12998, 19300, 1200, 8483, 11, 475, 611, 340, 1595, 470, 787, 345, 12916, 355, 5089, 345, 821, 749, 4753, 257, 27706, 576, 290, 2192, 10925, 284, 307, 30859, 351, 262, 584, 34773, 13, 517, 198, 198, 9452, 385, 262, 5932, 12, 49, 1758, 88, 44733, 11, 21457, 494, 1168, 15702, 1754, 338, 10898, 1148, 17558, 357, 42937, 8, 198, 198, 1639, 460, 470, 467, 2063, 12, 259, 290, 869, 3511, 257, 3800, 1995, 13, 921, 460, 470, 423, 534, 1862, 4957, 307, 2063, 12, 2701, 393, 2063, 12, 69, 623, 992, 393, 2063, 12, 1040, 1531, 422, 262, 18895, 286, 852, 257, 5141, 26960, 2063, 12, 22824, 262, 2187, 1641, 13, 360, 1437, 406, 22436, 2993, 428, 13, 1897, 72, 39911, 5549, 338, 1995, 13, 15300, 8107, 338, 1995, 13, 833, 680, 34305, 13, 383, 734, 7231, 893, 13, 15467, 345, 12153, 534, 3988, 656, 262, 7262, 6028, 393, 345, 467, 736, 284, 4744, 290, 1949, 284, 651, 534, 5735, 10728, 278, 869, 3641, 2250, 517, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
432
Dyche pleased with mentality as Clarets come from behind to win in the cup Sean Dyche Sean Dyche Share this article A half-time dressing down from Sean Dyche inspired a second half revival at Middlesbrough Burnley were not at the races in the first half at the Riverside Stadium but went in level as Rouwen Hennings cancelled out Diego Fabbrini's opener. Stephen Ward went on to score the winner as Burnley progressed to the fourth round of the FA Cup for the first time since 2011. Dyche said: "Second half pleased me, first half I had a quiet word at half-time, it's fair to say. "They are a good side, it's a tough place to come, but we didn't play our game, and we agree we would. "Apart from a flash of superb play for our goal...they want you to play your way and let you play and wait for the chance to take it from you and then play their game. "But second half we made it way more uncomfortable for them and that was on show. "Overall, after Tom Heaton playing very well in the first half - they had two or three really good chances - second half they had nowhere near as many, and I was really pleased with that tactically from the team." Dyche felt there was too much respect for Championship leaders Boro in the first period: "I think sometimes there's a bit of respect and it goes onto the pitch. You don't want it to, respect is before you play, and when the whistle blows, it goes out of the window. "There was a bit too much respect, and you can imagine that, they're going great, conceded two here before today. "Footballers aren't daft, they think it's a tough challenge here, and there was that feeling. "Second half, after a short reminder, we came out being us, and the mentality was excellent, playing our game, to bring them out of their game." Hennings levelled right on half-time, the turning point, and he added: "The goal gives you something when you've not played well. I don't think they were brilliant, it was more a case of us not playing well. "We just weren't on top of our game, but second half it was obvious to everyone in the stadium that we were, the first 15 minutes in particular. "It's unusual teams come here and dominate like we did the first 15 minutes of the second half. "They had a little spell, and then we finished organised and strong."
[ 35, 88, 2395, 10607, 351, 21332, 355, 22736, 912, 1282, 422, 2157, 284, 1592, 287, 262, 6508, 198, 198, 26408, 23524, 2395, 198, 26408, 23524, 2395, 198, 11649, 428, 2708, 198, 198, 32, 2063, 12, 2435, 18544, 866, 422, 11465, 23524, 2395, 7867, 257, 1218, 2063, 26624, 379, 46050, 65, 740, 198, 198, 29053, 1636, 547, 407, 379, 262, 9558, 287, 262, 717, 2063, 379, 262, 35597, 10499, 475, 1816, 287, 1241, 355, 13876, 21006, 367, 1697, 654, 16769, 503, 9500, 14236, 1671, 5362, 338, 21996, 13, 198, 198, 24920, 12150, 1816, 319, 284, 4776, 262, 8464, 355, 8942, 1636, 28775, 284, 262, 5544, 2835, 286, 262, 9677, 5454, 329, 262, 717, 640, 1201, 2813, 13, 198, 198, 35, 88, 2395, 531, 25, 366, 12211, 2063, 10607, 502, 11, 717, 2063, 314, 550, 257, 5897, 1573, 379, 2063, 12, 2435, 11, 340, 338, 3148, 284, 910, 13, 198, 198, 1, 2990, 389, 257, 922, 1735, 11, 340, 338, 257, 5802, 1295, 284, 1282, 11, 475, 356, 1422, 470, 711, 674, 983, 11, 290, 356, 4236, 356, 561, 13, 198, 198, 1, 39182, 422, 257, 7644, 286, 21840, 711, 329, 674, 3061, 986, 9930, 765, 345, 284, 711, 534, 835, 290, 1309, 345, 711, 290, 4043, 329, 262, 2863, 284, 1011, 340, 422, 345, 290, 788, 711, 511, 983, 13, 198, 198, 1, 1537, 1218, 2063, 356, 925, 340, 835, 517, 12916, 329, 606, 290, 326, 373, 319, 905, 13, 198, 198, 1, 16350, 11, 706, 4186, 12308, 261, 2712, 845, 880, 287, 262, 717, 2063, 532, 484, 550, 734, 393, 1115, 1107, 922, 8395, 532, 1218, 2063, 484, 550, 12062, 1474, 355, 867, 11, 290, 314, 373, 1107, 10607, 351, 326, 6293, 1146, 422, 262, 1074, 526, 198, 198, 35, 88, 2395, 2936, 612, 373, 1165, 881, 2461, 329, 10749, 2766, 12182, 78, 287, 262, 717, 2278, 25, 366, 40, 892, 3360, 612, 338, 257, 1643, 286, 2461, 290, 340, 2925, 4291, 262, 7078, 13, 921, 836, 470, 765, 340, 284, 11, 2461, 318, 878, 345, 711, 11, 290, 618, 262, 16121, 20385, 11, 340, 2925, 503, 286, 262, 4324, 13, 198, 198, 1, 1858, 373, 257, 1643, 1165, 881, 2461, 11, 290, 345, 460, 5967, 326, 11, 484, 821, 1016, 1049, 11, 24684, 734, 994, 878, 1909, 13, 198, 198, 1, 37316, 364, 3588, 470, 12379, 701, 11, 484, 892, 340, 338, 257, 5802, 4427, 994, 11, 290, 612, 373, 326, 4203, 13, 198, 198, 1, 12211, 2063, 11, 706, 257, 1790, 15438, 11, 356, 1625, 503, 852, 514, 11, 290, 262, 21332, 373, 6275, 11, 2712, 674, 983, 11, 284, 2222, 606, 503, 286, 511, 983, 526, 198, 198, 39, 1697, 654, 34002, 3353, 826, 319, 2063, 12, 2435, 11, 262, 6225, 966, 11, 290, 339, 2087, 25, 366, 464, 3061, 3607, 345, 1223, 618, 345, 1053, 407, 2826, 880, 13, 314, 836, 470, 892, 484, 547, 10457, 11, 340, 373, 517, 257, 1339, 286, 514, 407, 2712, 880, 13, 198, 198, 1, 1135, 655, 6304, 470, 319, 1353, 286, 674, 983, 11, 475, 1218, 2063, 340, 373, 3489, 284, 2506, 287, 262, 10308, 326, 356, 547, 11, 262, 717, 1315, 2431, 287, 1948, 13, 198, 198, 1, 1026, 338, 8468, 3466, 1282, 994, 290, 17863, 588, 356, 750, 262, 717, 1315, 2431, 286, 262, 1218, 2063, 13, 198, 198, 1, 2990, 550, 257, 1310, 4822, 11, 290, 788, 356, 5201, 20325, 290, 1913, 526, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
568
Bukkit: The Next Chapter Thread Status: Not open for further replies. 1. Offline Multiplay - especially Steve Hartland AllGamer - especially Clinton and Scott Our Staff who work tirelessly and thanklessly to keep everything in order jflory7, Acharige, iiHeroo and 88 others like this. 2. Offline From bukkit to this new thing? I will the second it's out. troed and iPhysX like this. 3. Offline Err From their Home to Mojang :p iPhysX likes this. 4. Offline I think he meant the devs physically moving, from current home location to a new home in Sweden. Dinnerbone has already confirmed on Reddit that he is, but is unsure of the other members. 5. Offline I wouldnt but hey... there is only way. Move along or get stepped on and die :) EDIT: hehe lol in a hurry i actually though that was meant for server admins ... considering context 6. Offline I recall that I read something about Dinnerbone moving to Sweden on the Reddit page. EDIT: Ninjas! iPhysX likes this. 7. Offline Oh lol. That would be pretty sweet. 8. Offline definitely! ill take the things i learned here and move forward to hopefully make better plugins. If this API is going to be as good as it sounds then i already have plans for Plugins! I wont be making " simple " plugins. When The new API is released then ill go back to Occupy. Meduax and iPhysX like this. 9. Offline Meduax likes this. 10. Offline This is a huge step forward for not only Bukkit, but for Mojang and the Minecraft community. I would not be surprised if this causes another eventual spiking of Minecraft sales, and/or brings back some Alpha players who may have either quit or no longer play near as much. Zeroth likes this. 11. Oh yes. 12. Offline i wont do it the second it comes out, maybe 15 min after, assuming that they have a bridge, and all my plugins are working. 13. Offline lol what who said that. No good developers are the ones who have actively sat with Bukkit for the 1 year it was alive. Im talking about sk98q, matejdro, afforess, hidendra. The ones who have changed the server hosting experience. Well me? hmm how should i explain myself. I created small mediocre plugins that either had no use or just contained many bugs * i.e - Clocked * 14. Guys, i'm really happy for you, and for mojang. i, for one, be sure that you will provide us a very cool server, and this time, you wont have to decompile it :) 15. Offline i do wonder with them merging weather or not we will get weekly snapshots that can support mods? 16. Offline This is amazing, congratulation guys! 17. Offline Achievement get: Getting employed! Good job guys! 18. Offline Lol, you see Bukkit Server - 24/7 now it's Minecraft API Server 24/7 lol.... Also why change the code? Keep the same one for servers and recreate one for client side mods? Last edited by a moderator: May 24, 2016 19. Offline Most likely. As the new API should be part of Minecraft itself and directly integrated into its codebase, it should be available in all of the snapshots too. However, just like anything in snapshots, I'd not expect it to always work as expected. 20. Offline EvilSeph representing our GTA! Congrats. 21. Offline While it is good news that the Minecraft team are finally getting around to making a modding API, I have mixed feelings about where this will take the community. I personally have a substantial time investment in Bukkit and this uncertainty over the future of API makes me nervous. I am also interested to find out how this will work in practice. Since Bukkit is licensed under the GPL how can they legally include the source into the minecraft server jar? While I understand the team themselves can just re-license their contributions they can not do the same for all the pull requests that they have accepted without contacting those contributors. It may explain though why my own pull request was not accepted though and instead implemented as-is by one of the team members to avoid contacting yet another contributor about a licence change. I am sure this is something they already know the answer to but it would be nice if they shared what it is. My main concern is the detail surrounding the new API. Is there any point in me continuing to update the rest of my plugins to the new build considering that Bukkit is no longer supported and they will all require a rewrite in the near future? 22. Offline (Disclaimer: I do /. usually, not reddit. I'm old like that. Maybe everyone is always that positive over there compared to here?) It seems a lot of speculative negativity in this thread could be avoided if people read Dinnerbone's comments on reddit: "Bukkit was heavily restricted in what we could do, for many reasons (mostly, we didn't want to force people to use a client mod too). The new API will have none of these restrictions, and we'll allow for whatever we + the community thinks of." "Don't need to bug jeb :)" 23. Offline grandwazir: Bukkit in its current form will probably be still around and working for many weeks, even months, so updating them still makes sense. The new API will likely not reuse a lot of Bukkit code, because they now have the opportunity to do everything they want directly instead of somehow awkwardly hooking into existing, obfsucated, unmodifiable code. mushroomhostage and iPhysX like this. 24. Offline Don Redhorse did you read this thread? If they would have planned the transation this wouldn't have happened to THAT extent. But I believe you, Grum also posted he doesn't know... I'm off posting... keep on having fun... 25. Offline dead server? How exactly does a server die..? It really can't, Just get new players. Theres always, always people looking for a server, if your server that costs month goes down, maybe you should set aside money now. My server doesn't cost anything monthly, also i don't use the donations for personal use. They are there in case we need something, (my computer for instance dies, replacement, my power goes out a lot during wind storms, back up battery). Its planning for the future, its not like this is happening tomorrow. 26. Offline Thank god. 27. Offline That's the problem with the total lack of proper communication 'round these parts...nuclear bombs go off when something potentially world ending gets announced without sufficient information. But that's not news... 28. Offline 1. It's not that easy to find good players (and i'm talking about players who dont get banned in the first 10 minutes) 2. I never use donations for myself, i also pay the rent because donations are not enough, that's why i cannot set money aside and let server go for a month or so... (also i'm not able to pay rent by myself either) 29. Offline OK, so as a MC Admin, I LOVE hearing there is something official as it was chaotic in the past. However, hoping this means bukkit will be improving their code and make the multiplayer a better experience to manage, MC seems to be the biggest resource hog compared to any game I play (even with very few mods/plugins). I am still however, mad that managing a server is almost impossible with the map/feature updates. Mojang, can we please have a long long break on the feature updates so my map can be good for at least a solid 3+ months? Or please just stop developing for Minecraft 1 and make a new release for Minecraft 2 a year from now. My members are just mad when I want to upgrade a map to the newest version which makes survival impossible unless you want to cut and paste everyone's work to the new map... I just want to play, just like in the Alpha days but I think MC lost that originality. Stone_Tigris, main(), fahlman and 3 others like this. 30. Offline Great news guys . Congrats 31. Offline I don't think it is too much to ask for the team members of Bukkit to post replies about their announcement in their own community. The fact that they are not leaves a bad taste. While that is the expectation I'd like to hear it clarified by the actual team. fahlman, Don Redhorse and Meduax like this. Thread Status: Not open for further replies. Share This Page
[ 33, 2724, 15813, 25, 383, 7406, 7006, 628, 198, 16818, 12678, 25, 198, 3673, 1280, 329, 2252, 20616, 13, 198, 50286, 16, 13, 49749, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 50284, 29800, 1759, 532, 2592, 6542, 11345, 1044, 198, 50284, 3237, 33648, 532, 2592, 2605, 290, 4746, 198, 50284, 5122, 9983, 508, 670, 47905, 290, 5875, 8613, 284, 1394, 2279, 287, 1502, 628, 50284, 73, 2704, 652, 22, 11, 317, 10641, 10045, 11, 21065, 9360, 2238, 290, 9193, 1854, 588, 428, 13, 198, 50286, 17, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 4863, 809, 74, 15813, 284, 428, 649, 1517, 30, 314, 481, 262, 1218, 340, 338, 503, 13, 198, 50284, 23528, 276, 290, 1312, 43215, 55, 588, 428, 13, 198, 50286, 18, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 9139, 81, 3574, 511, 5995, 284, 40120, 648, 1058, 79, 198, 50284, 72, 43215, 55, 7832, 428, 13, 198, 50286, 19, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 40, 892, 339, 4001, 262, 41470, 10170, 3867, 11, 422, 1459, 1363, 4067, 284, 257, 649, 1363, 287, 10710, 13, 34584, 15992, 468, 1541, 4999, 319, 10750, 326, 339, 318, 11, 475, 318, 22147, 286, 262, 584, 1866, 13, 198, 50286, 20, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 40, 561, 429, 475, 17207, 986, 612, 318, 691, 835, 13, 10028, 1863, 393, 651, 10764, 319, 290, 4656, 14373, 198, 50284, 24706, 25, 339, 258, 19462, 287, 257, 23290, 1312, 1682, 996, 326, 373, 4001, 329, 4382, 44563, 2644, 6402, 4732, 198, 50286, 21, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 40, 10014, 326, 314, 1100, 1223, 546, 34584, 15992, 3867, 284, 10710, 319, 262, 10750, 2443, 13, 628, 50284, 24706, 25, 10516, 28121, 0, 198, 50284, 72, 43215, 55, 7832, 428, 13, 198, 50286, 22, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 5812, 19462, 13, 1320, 561, 307, 2495, 6029, 13, 198, 50286, 23, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 4299, 12998, 0, 2801, 1011, 262, 1243, 1312, 4499, 994, 290, 1445, 2651, 284, 11481, 787, 1365, 20652, 13, 1002, 428, 7824, 318, 1016, 284, 307, 355, 922, 355, 340, 5238, 788, 1312, 1541, 423, 3352, 329, 22689, 1040, 0, 314, 28329, 307, 1642, 366, 2829, 366, 20652, 13, 1649, 383, 649, 7824, 318, 2716, 788, 2801, 467, 736, 284, 25551, 13, 198, 50284, 9921, 84, 897, 290, 1312, 43215, 55, 588, 428, 13, 198, 50286, 24, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 9921, 84, 897, 7832, 428, 13, 198, 50286, 940, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 1212, 318, 257, 3236, 2239, 2651, 329, 407, 691, 36810, 15813, 11, 475, 329, 40120, 648, 290, 262, 24609, 2055, 13, 314, 561, 407, 307, 6655, 611, 428, 5640, 1194, 19657, 599, 14132, 286, 24609, 4200, 11, 290, 14, 273, 6774, 736, 617, 12995, 1938, 508, 743, 423, 2035, 11238, 393, 645, 2392, 711, 1474, 355, 881, 13, 198, 50284, 57, 263, 849, 7832, 428, 13, 198, 50286, 1157, 13, 3966, 3763, 13, 198, 50286, 1065, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 72, 28329, 466, 340, 262, 1218, 340, 2058, 503, 11, 3863, 1315, 949, 706, 11, 13148, 326, 484, 423, 257, 7696, 11, 290, 477, 616, 20652, 389, 1762, 13, 198, 50286, 1485, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 47288, 644, 508, 531, 326, 13, 1400, 922, 6505, 389, 262, 3392, 508, 423, 10630, 3332, 351, 36810, 15813, 329, 262, 352, 614, 340, 373, 6776, 13, 1846, 3375, 546, 1341, 4089, 80, 11, 16133, 73, 22285, 11, 1527, 382, 824, 11, 24519, 48286, 13, 383, 3392, 508, 423, 3421, 262, 4382, 13662, 1998, 13, 3894, 502, 30, 289, 3020, 703, 815, 1312, 4727, 3589, 13, 314, 2727, 1402, 29956, 20652, 326, 2035, 550, 645, 779, 393, 655, 7763, 867, 11316, 1635, 1312, 13, 68, 532, 1012, 3543, 1635, 198, 50286, 1415, 13, 29899, 11, 1312, 1101, 1107, 3772, 329, 345, 11, 290, 329, 6941, 73, 648, 13, 198, 50284, 72, 11, 329, 530, 11, 307, 1654, 326, 345, 481, 2148, 514, 257, 845, 3608, 4382, 11, 290, 428, 640, 11, 345, 28329, 423, 284, 38237, 576, 340, 14373, 198, 50286, 1314, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 72, 466, 4240, 351, 606, 35981, 6193, 393, 407, 356, 481, 651, 10273, 47787, 326, 460, 1104, 13743, 30, 198, 50286, 1433, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 1212, 318, 4998, 11, 19833, 1741, 3730, 0, 198, 50286, 1558, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 32, 24957, 434, 651, 25, 18067, 9322, 0, 198, 50284, 10248, 1693, 3730, 0, 198, 50286, 1507, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 43, 349, 11, 345, 766, 36810, 15813, 9652, 532, 1987, 14, 22, 783, 340, 338, 24609, 7824, 9652, 1987, 14, 22, 19462, 1106, 628, 50284, 7583, 1521, 1487, 262, 2438, 30, 9175, 262, 976, 530, 329, 9597, 290, 32049, 530, 329, 5456, 1735, 13743, 30, 628, 50284, 5956, 13012, 416, 257, 31847, 25, 1737, 1987, 11, 1584, 198, 50286, 1129, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 6943, 1884, 13, 1081, 262, 649, 7824, 815, 307, 636, 286, 24609, 2346, 290, 3264, 11521, 656, 663, 2438, 8692, 11, 340, 815, 307, 1695, 287, 477, 286, 262, 47787, 1165, 13, 2102, 11, 655, 588, 1997, 287, 47787, 11, 314, 1549, 407, 1607, 340, 284, 1464, 670, 355, 2938, 13, 198, 50286, 1238, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 48477, 19117, 71, 10200, 674, 30807, 0, 2908, 46714, 13, 198, 50286, 2481, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 3633, 340, 318, 922, 1705, 326, 262, 24609, 1074, 389, 3443, 1972, 1088, 284, 1642, 257, 953, 12083, 7824, 11, 314, 423, 7668, 7666, 546, 810, 428, 481, 1011, 262, 2055, 13, 314, 7620, 423, 257, 8904, 640, 4896, 287, 36810, 15813, 290, 428, 13479, 625, 262, 2003, 286, 7824, 1838, 502, 10927, 13, 628, 50284, 40, 716, 635, 4609, 284, 1064, 503, 703, 428, 481, 670, 287, 3357, 13, 4619, 36810, 15813, 318, 11971, 739, 262, 38644, 703, 460, 484, 11119, 2291, 262, 2723, 656, 262, 6164, 3323, 4382, 17379, 30, 628, 50284, 3633, 314, 1833, 262, 1074, 2405, 460, 655, 302, 12, 43085, 511, 9284, 484, 460, 407, 466, 262, 976, 329, 477, 262, 2834, 7007, 326, 484, 423, 6292, 1231, 27390, 883, 20420, 13, 628, 50284, 1026, 743, 4727, 996, 1521, 616, 898, 2834, 2581, 373, 407, 6292, 996, 290, 2427, 9177, 355, 12, 271, 416, 530, 286, 262, 1074, 1866, 284, 3368, 27390, 1865, 1194, 18920, 546, 257, 17098, 1487, 13, 314, 716, 1654, 428, 318, 1223, 484, 1541, 760, 262, 3280, 284, 475, 340, 561, 307, 3621, 611, 484, 4888, 644, 340, 318, 13, 628, 50284, 3666, 1388, 2328, 318, 262, 3703, 7346, 262, 649, 7824, 13, 1148, 612, 597, 966, 287, 502, 8282, 284, 4296, 262, 1334, 286, 616, 20652, 284, 262, 649, 1382, 6402, 326, 36810, 15813, 318, 645, 2392, 4855, 290, 484, 481, 477, 2421, 257, 28183, 287, 262, 1474, 2003, 30, 198, 50286, 1828, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 7, 19618, 25, 314, 466, 1220, 13, 3221, 11, 407, 18374, 13, 314, 1101, 1468, 588, 326, 13, 6674, 2506, 318, 1464, 326, 3967, 625, 612, 3688, 284, 994, 10091, 628, 50284, 1026, 2331, 257, 1256, 286, 28991, 45074, 287, 428, 4704, 714, 307, 13941, 611, 661, 1100, 34584, 15992, 338, 3651, 319, 18374, 25, 628, 50284, 1, 33, 2724, 15813, 373, 7272, 10770, 287, 644, 356, 714, 466, 11, 329, 867, 3840, 357, 29471, 11, 356, 1422, 470, 765, 284, 2700, 661, 284, 779, 257, 5456, 953, 1165, 737, 383, 649, 7824, 481, 423, 4844, 286, 777, 8733, 11, 290, 356, 1183, 1249, 329, 4232, 356, 1343, 262, 2055, 6834, 286, 526, 628, 50284, 1, 3987, 470, 761, 284, 5434, 474, 1765, 14373, 1, 628, 50286, 1954, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 23936, 86, 1031, 343, 25, 36810, 15813, 287, 663, 1459, 1296, 481, 2192, 307, 991, 1088, 290, 1762, 329, 867, 2745, 11, 772, 1933, 11, 523, 19698, 606, 991, 1838, 2565, 13, 628, 50284, 464, 649, 7824, 481, 1884, 407, 32349, 257, 1256, 286, 36810, 15813, 2438, 11, 780, 484, 783, 423, 262, 3663, 284, 466, 2279, 484, 765, 3264, 2427, 286, 7599, 43622, 8011, 278, 656, 4683, 11, 909, 9501, 1229, 515, 11, 555, 4666, 16823, 2438, 13, 198, 50284, 76, 1530, 3823, 4774, 496, 290, 1312, 43215, 55, 588, 428, 13, 198, 50286, 1731, 13, 49749, 628, 50284, 3987, 2297, 30527, 628, 50284, 20839, 345, 1100, 428, 4704, 30, 1002, 484, 561, 423, 6027, 262, 1007, 341, 428, 3636, 470, 423, 3022, 284, 14603, 6287, 13, 628, 50284, 1537, 314, 1975, 345, 11, 1902, 388, 635, 4481, 339, 1595, 470, 760, 986, 314, 1101, 572, 10754, 986, 1394, 319, 1719, 1257, 986, 198, 50286, 1495, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 25124, 4382, 30, 1374, 3446, 857, 257, 4382, 4656, 492, 30, 632, 1107, 460, 470, 11, 2329, 651, 649, 1938, 13, 383, 411, 1464, 11, 1464, 661, 2045, 329, 257, 4382, 11, 611, 534, 4382, 326, 3484, 1227, 2925, 866, 11, 3863, 345, 815, 900, 7263, 1637, 783, 13, 2011, 4382, 1595, 470, 1575, 1997, 9651, 11, 635, 1312, 836, 470, 779, 262, 10976, 329, 2614, 779, 13, 1119, 389, 612, 287, 1339, 356, 761, 1223, 11, 357, 1820, 3644, 329, 4554, 10564, 11, 9014, 11, 616, 1176, 2925, 503, 257, 1256, 1141, 2344, 20228, 11, 736, 510, 6555, 737, 6363, 5410, 329, 262, 2003, 11, 663, 407, 588, 428, 318, 5836, 9439, 13, 198, 50286, 2075, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 10449, 5770, 13, 198, 50286, 1983, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 2504, 338, 262, 1917, 351, 262, 2472, 3092, 286, 1774, 6946, 705, 744, 777, 3354, 986, 43131, 12134, 467, 572, 618, 1223, 6196, 995, 7464, 3011, 3414, 1231, 6751, 1321, 13, 887, 326, 338, 407, 1705, 986, 198, 50286, 2078, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 16, 13, 632, 338, 407, 326, 2562, 284, 1064, 922, 1938, 357, 392, 1312, 1101, 3375, 546, 1938, 508, 17666, 651, 9301, 287, 262, 717, 838, 2431, 8, 198, 50284, 17, 13, 314, 1239, 779, 10976, 329, 3589, 11, 1312, 635, 1414, 262, 5602, 780, 10976, 389, 407, 1576, 11, 326, 338, 1521, 1312, 2314, 900, 1637, 7263, 290, 1309, 4382, 467, 329, 257, 1227, 393, 523, 986, 357, 14508, 1312, 1101, 407, 1498, 284, 1414, 5602, 416, 3589, 2035, 8, 198, 50286, 1959, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 11380, 11, 523, 355, 257, 13122, 32053, 11, 314, 27889, 4854, 612, 318, 1223, 1743, 355, 340, 373, 23458, 287, 262, 1613, 13, 2102, 11, 7725, 428, 1724, 809, 74, 15813, 481, 307, 10068, 511, 2438, 290, 787, 262, 16913, 257, 1365, 1998, 284, 6687, 11, 13122, 2331, 284, 307, 262, 4094, 8271, 40476, 3688, 284, 597, 983, 314, 711, 357, 10197, 351, 845, 1178, 13743, 14, 37390, 737, 314, 716, 991, 2158, 11, 8805, 326, 11149, 257, 4382, 318, 2048, 5340, 351, 262, 3975, 14, 30053, 5992, 13, 40120, 648, 11, 460, 356, 3387, 423, 257, 890, 890, 2270, 319, 262, 3895, 5992, 523, 616, 3975, 460, 307, 922, 329, 379, 1551, 257, 4735, 513, 10, 1933, 30, 1471, 3387, 655, 2245, 5922, 329, 24609, 352, 290, 787, 257, 649, 2650, 329, 24609, 362, 257, 614, 422, 783, 13, 2011, 1866, 389, 655, 8805, 618, 314, 765, 284, 8515, 257, 3975, 284, 262, 15530, 2196, 543, 1838, 9441, 5340, 4556, 345, 765, 284, 2005, 290, 17008, 2506, 338, 670, 284, 262, 649, 3975, 986, 314, 655, 765, 284, 711, 11, 655, 588, 287, 262, 12995, 1528, 475, 314, 892, 13122, 2626, 326, 2656, 414, 13, 198, 50284, 34346, 62, 51, 328, 2442, 11, 1388, 22784, 277, 15668, 805, 290, 513, 1854, 588, 428, 13, 198, 50286, 1270, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 13681, 1705, 3730, 764, 2908, 46714, 198, 50286, 3132, 13, 49749, 628, 198, 50284, 40, 836, 470, 892, 340, 318, 1165, 881, 284, 1265, 329, 262, 1074, 1866, 286, 36810, 15813, 284, 1281, 20616, 546, 511, 8009, 287, 511, 898, 2055, 13, 383, 1109, 326, 484, 389, 407, 5667, 257, 2089, 6938, 13, 628, 50284, 3633, 326, 318, 262, 17507, 314, 1549, 588, 284, 3285, 340, 28464, 416, 262, 4036, 1074, 13, 198, 50284, 69, 15668, 805, 11, 2094, 2297, 30527, 290, 2019, 84, 897, 588, 428, 13, 198, 16818, 12678, 25, 198, 3673, 1280, 329, 2252, 20616, 13, 198, 198, 11649, 770, 7873, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
2,013
Choose a city • Zhambyl medical College in Taraz - Colleges Zhambyl medical College in Taraz Address: St Nietkaliyev, TarazPhone: 8 (708) 837 1186 QR Link text_what Zhambyl medical College in Taraz QR Code Number of views: Today: 3 During the week: 57 Per month: 205 For all the time: 4780 Zhambyl medical College in Taraz - Colleges Zhambyl medical College in Taraz - Colleges Welcome you visit our Zhambyl medical College in Taraz. We are located at Taraz, street Nietkaliyev 20, phones admissions +7 (7132) 21-82-32. 1936 was founded the school of medical workers in the city Mirzoyan, where he studied a total of 30 people. Now the College has excellent material and technical base which includes a five-storey building, which houses 2 of the Assembly hall, sports hall, dining room, 70 classrooms, 8 laboratories, 1 computer and multimedia class, 4 teaching lab stations on subjects of Anaphylactic shock and Acute cardiovascular diseases. For eighty years the College has produced 21 thousand medical workers, including many famous doctors of medical Sciences. Upon completion, graduates receive a diploma in the private sample. You will be able to continue training in higher educational institutions of our country and abroad. Our graduates always find good jobs due to only one of our College, as no other does not prepare employees for our unique specialties. For admission to the school must pass a comprehensive test of the applicant on a General basis, when entering after eleventh grade, a certificate of UNT is not required. There are no reviews for this product. text_review_add «Zhambyl medical College in Taraz»
[ 31851, 257, 1748, 198, 50286, 3581, 1168, 2763, 1525, 75, 3315, 5535, 287, 14110, 1031, 532, 49727, 198, 198, 57, 2763, 1525, 75, 3315, 5535, 287, 14110, 1031, 198, 198, 20231, 25, 520, 28428, 74, 7344, 88, 1990, 11, 14110, 1031, 6132, 25, 807, 357, 32583, 8, 807, 2718, 1367, 4521, 198, 48, 49, 7502, 2420, 62, 10919, 198, 1168, 2763, 1525, 75, 3315, 5535, 287, 14110, 1031, 42137, 6127, 198, 15057, 286, 5009, 25, 198, 8888, 25, 513, 198, 7191, 262, 1285, 25, 7632, 198, 5990, 1227, 25, 22538, 198, 1890, 477, 262, 640, 25, 6298, 1795, 198, 198, 57, 2763, 1525, 75, 3315, 5535, 287, 14110, 1031, 532, 49727, 198, 198, 57, 2763, 1525, 75, 3315, 5535, 287, 14110, 1031, 532, 49727, 198, 198, 14618, 345, 3187, 674, 1168, 2763, 1525, 75, 3315, 5535, 287, 14110, 1031, 13, 775, 389, 5140, 379, 14110, 1031, 11, 4675, 28428, 74, 7344, 88, 1990, 1160, 11, 9512, 25349, 1343, 22, 357, 22, 19924, 8, 2310, 12, 6469, 12, 2624, 13, 27653, 373, 9393, 262, 1524, 286, 3315, 3259, 287, 262, 1748, 7381, 89, 726, 272, 11, 810, 339, 9713, 257, 2472, 286, 1542, 661, 13, 2735, 262, 5535, 468, 6275, 2587, 290, 6276, 2779, 543, 3407, 257, 1936, 12, 8095, 88, 2615, 11, 543, 7777, 362, 286, 262, 10006, 6899, 11, 5701, 6899, 11, 17423, 2119, 11, 4317, 32579, 11, 807, 35650, 11, 352, 3644, 290, 40162, 1398, 11, 604, 7743, 2248, 8985, 319, 7481, 286, 1052, 6570, 2645, 12009, 6380, 290, 4013, 1133, 21134, 10040, 13, 1114, 37516, 812, 262, 5535, 468, 4635, 2310, 7319, 3315, 3259, 11, 1390, 867, 5863, 7519, 286, 3315, 13473, 13, 628, 198, 23792, 11939, 11, 19087, 3328, 257, 41220, 287, 262, 2839, 6291, 13, 921, 481, 307, 1498, 284, 2555, 3047, 287, 2440, 9856, 6712, 286, 674, 1499, 290, 10522, 13, 3954, 19087, 1464, 1064, 922, 3946, 2233, 284, 691, 530, 286, 674, 5535, 11, 355, 645, 584, 857, 407, 8335, 4409, 329, 674, 3748, 2041, 4278, 13, 198, 198, 1890, 13938, 284, 262, 1524, 1276, 1208, 257, 9815, 1332, 286, 262, 16919, 319, 257, 3611, 4308, 11, 618, 8218, 706, 9766, 20987, 9559, 11, 257, 10703, 286, 4725, 51, 318, 407, 2672, 13, 628, 198, 1858, 389, 645, 8088, 329, 428, 1720, 13, 198, 198, 5239, 62, 19023, 62, 2860, 21110, 57, 2763, 1525, 75, 3315, 5535, 287, 14110, 1031, 17730, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
399
I Have A New Job As previously mentioned here at The Handbasket, I recently left my home state of Ohio for the sun blasted plains of Texas. desert and mountains in west Texas This decision was not made lightly, nor without anxiety.  But more than half a century of northern dwelling didn’t pan out like I hoped.  Jobs were scarce, and employment with good wages were almost nonexistent unless one had an advanced college degree.  My lack of disposable income meant that I was forced to live in a craphole apartment complex, smack-dab in the middle of a high crime area. chalk outline with caution tape How bad are we talkin’?  I would have to reach for my gun about twice a year to fend off aggressive criminals, although I never had to draw when they realized I was armed. old man with hatchet, musket, and pistol Nothing ever came of it, because the vast majority of criminals are base cowards who will do almost anything to avoid going up against someone who has the legal means for defense.  Although, I must admit, I might just be a bit more prepared in the means department than most. So I quit my job, which barely paid the bills, and relied on the kindness of some friends who put me up while I searched for employment. It took six weeks to find my dream job. So, better money?  On paper it is a bit less, but I take home more cash.  How is this possible? Because I was beset with taxes in my old life.  My former home of Columbus, Ohio sports income taxes for both the state and city, both governments burrowing their mandibles deep to suck their fill on the sweetly flowing lifeblood of my labor. bloated tick Critics will point out that prices in Texas are inflated due to a statewide sales tax, but Ohio also has a sales tax.  At least now I only have to budget for one tax, instead of three. So I’m enjoying small town life, the people are much friendlier and polite than at my old place of residence, and the entry level position at my new job pays more so far as dollars in the bank. What could be better? Howsabout that I can carry my concealed self defense handgun when at the office? Businessman With A Gun Why in the world didn’t I move down here decades ago?
[ 40, 8192, 317, 968, 15768, 198, 198, 1722, 4271, 4750, 994, 379, 383, 7157, 65, 11715, 11, 314, 2904, 1364, 616, 1363, 1181, 286, 6835, 329, 262, 4252, 26044, 36149, 286, 3936, 13, 198, 198, 8906, 861, 290, 12269, 287, 7421, 3936, 198, 198, 1212, 2551, 373, 407, 925, 15376, 11, 4249, 1231, 9751, 13, 1849, 887, 517, 621, 2063, 257, 4289, 286, 7840, 26765, 1422, 447, 247, 83, 3425, 503, 588, 314, 10719, 13, 1849, 19161, 547, 18549, 11, 290, 7184, 351, 922, 9400, 547, 2048, 42601, 4556, 530, 550, 281, 6190, 4152, 4922, 13, 1849, 2011, 3092, 286, 32445, 3739, 4001, 326, 314, 373, 4137, 284, 2107, 287, 257, 269, 1470, 2305, 7962, 3716, 11, 41014, 12, 67, 397, 287, 262, 3504, 286, 257, 1029, 4065, 1989, 13, 198, 198, 354, 971, 19001, 351, 13041, 9154, 198, 198, 2437, 2089, 389, 356, 1561, 259, 447, 247, 30, 1849, 314, 561, 423, 284, 3151, 329, 616, 2485, 546, 5403, 257, 614, 284, 41229, 572, 8361, 12954, 11, 3584, 314, 1239, 550, 284, 3197, 618, 484, 6939, 314, 373, 6936, 13, 198, 198, 727, 582, 351, 6877, 20043, 11, 1928, 7126, 11, 290, 16790, 198, 198, 18465, 1683, 1625, 286, 340, 11, 780, 262, 5909, 3741, 286, 12954, 389, 2779, 9875, 1371, 508, 481, 466, 2048, 1997, 284, 3368, 1016, 510, 1028, 2130, 508, 468, 262, 2742, 1724, 329, 3761, 13, 1849, 4900, 11, 314, 1276, 9159, 11, 314, 1244, 655, 307, 257, 1643, 517, 5597, 287, 262, 1724, 5011, 621, 749, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 314, 11238, 616, 1693, 11, 543, 8523, 3432, 262, 9024, 11, 290, 17498, 319, 262, 23887, 286, 617, 2460, 508, 1234, 502, 510, 981, 314, 16499, 329, 7184, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 1718, 2237, 2745, 284, 1064, 616, 4320, 1693, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 11, 1365, 1637, 30, 1849, 1550, 3348, 340, 318, 257, 1643, 1342, 11, 475, 314, 1011, 1363, 517, 5003, 13, 1849, 1374, 318, 428, 1744, 30, 198, 198, 8128, 314, 373, 7284, 316, 351, 5704, 287, 616, 1468, 1204, 13, 1849, 2011, 1966, 1363, 286, 14939, 11, 6835, 5701, 3739, 5704, 329, 1111, 262, 1181, 290, 1748, 11, 1111, 6905, 4356, 11577, 511, 6855, 18764, 2769, 284, 10110, 511, 6070, 319, 262, 6029, 306, 17609, 1204, 18041, 286, 616, 4827, 13, 198, 198, 2436, 78, 515, 4378, 198, 198, 36623, 481, 966, 503, 326, 4536, 287, 3936, 389, 32387, 2233, 284, 257, 23605, 4200, 1687, 11, 475, 6835, 635, 468, 257, 4200, 1687, 13, 1849, 1629, 1551, 783, 314, 691, 423, 284, 4466, 329, 530, 1687, 11, 2427, 286, 1115, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 314, 447, 247, 76, 13226, 1402, 3240, 1204, 11, 262, 661, 389, 881, 1545, 2505, 290, 23507, 621, 379, 616, 1468, 1295, 286, 11566, 11, 290, 262, 5726, 1241, 2292, 379, 616, 649, 1693, 13831, 517, 523, 1290, 355, 5054, 287, 262, 3331, 13, 1867, 714, 307, 1365, 30, 198, 198, 39, 1666, 10755, 326, 314, 460, 3283, 616, 18176, 2116, 3761, 17849, 618, 379, 262, 2607, 30, 198, 198, 24749, 805, 2080, 317, 6748, 198, 198, 5195, 287, 262, 995, 1422, 447, 247, 83, 314, 1445, 866, 994, 4647, 2084, 30, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
527
Decarbonize your Portfolio: Low Carbon Indices Zurich Switzerland More information Visit the event website Event Type Event Industry/Topic Webinar 30.08 - 4:00pm AEST / 8:00am CEST Economies worldwide started to consider the carbon emission as a significant aspect when making investment decisions. International summits like the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) held in Paris in December 2015 send a clear message about the need to control and reduce carbon risk. Institutional investors are more and more aware of the importance of reducing the carbon exposure within their portfolios. This can only lead to an increasing demand of innovative tools that make the transition to low-carbon investments a possible and profitable approach. The low-carbon indices are a timely response to this demand and innovative products have been made available to help investors’ reach their targets. Together with global index provider STOXX and experts from CDP and Investor Group on Climate Change (IGCC), we will explore how innovative indices will flag the growing importance of climate issues in portfolios and encourage investment flows into low-emitting companies. The panel session during the webinar includes: • Why should investors consider carbon risk? • What range of products are available to help mitigate carbon risks? • What are the advantages of using low-carbon indices? • How does the performance of low-carbon indices compare with mainstream equivalents? Hear from a panel of industry experts and address your questions where you need expert answers. Places are limited, so register now for this free webinar! Asia Pacific’s Hub For Collaboration On Sustainable Development An Eco-Business initiative The SDG Co
[ 10707, 42084, 1096, 534, 4347, 13652, 25, 7754, 23699, 1849, 5497, 1063, 628, 198, 57, 333, 488, 14679, 198, 198, 5167, 1321, 198, 198, 31141, 262, 1785, 3052, 198, 198, 9237, 5994, 198, 9237, 17420, 14, 33221, 198, 198, 1135, 8800, 283, 1542, 13, 2919, 532, 604, 25, 405, 4426, 317, 6465, 1220, 807, 25, 405, 321, 1849, 34, 6465, 198, 198, 28489, 444, 8688, 2067, 284, 2074, 262, 6588, 25592, 355, 257, 2383, 4843, 618, 1642, 4896, 5370, 13, 4037, 2160, 24883, 588, 262, 1853, 1578, 7973, 13963, 9794, 8785, 357, 34, 3185, 2481, 8, 2714, 287, 6342, 287, 3426, 1853, 3758, 257, 1598, 3275, 546, 262, 761, 284, 1630, 290, 4646, 6588, 1849, 19121, 13, 198, 198, 6310, 5677, 7713, 389, 517, 290, 517, 3910, 286, 262, 6817, 286, 8868, 262, 6588, 7111, 1626, 511, 47837, 13, 770, 460, 691, 1085, 284, 281, 3649, 3512, 286, 13097, 4899, 326, 787, 262, 6801, 284, 1877, 12, 29255, 11115, 257, 1744, 290, 17967, 1849, 21064, 620, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1877, 12, 29255, 36525, 389, 257, 19376, 2882, 284, 428, 3512, 290, 13097, 3186, 423, 587, 925, 1695, 284, 1037, 7713, 447, 247, 3151, 511, 1849, 83, 853, 1039, 13, 198, 198, 41631, 351, 3298, 6376, 10131, 3563, 46, 8051, 290, 6154, 422, 327, 6322, 290, 47979, 4912, 319, 13963, 9794, 357, 3528, 4093, 828, 356, 481, 7301, 703, 13097, 36525, 481, 6056, 262, 3957, 6817, 286, 4258, 2428, 287, 47837, 290, 7898, 4896, 15623, 656, 1877, 12, 368, 2535, 1849, 34390, 444, 13, 198, 198, 464, 6103, 6246, 1141, 262, 3992, 22050, 1849, 42813, 25, 628, 50286, 3581, 4162, 815, 7713, 2074, 6588, 1849, 19121, 30, 198, 50286, 3581, 1867, 2837, 286, 3186, 389, 1695, 284, 1037, 24237, 6588, 1849, 2442, 591, 30, 198, 50286, 3581, 1867, 389, 262, 13391, 286, 1262, 1877, 12, 29255, 1849, 521, 1063, 30, 198, 50286, 3581, 1374, 857, 262, 2854, 286, 1877, 12, 29255, 36525, 8996, 351, 8661, 1849, 4853, 2473, 658, 30, 198, 198, 39, 451, 422, 257, 6103, 286, 2831, 6154, 290, 2209, 534, 2683, 810, 345, 761, 5887, 1849, 504, 86, 364, 13, 198, 198, 3646, 2114, 389, 3614, 11, 523, 7881, 783, 329, 428, 1479, 1849, 732, 8800, 283, 0, 198, 198, 38555, 8211, 447, 247, 82, 14699, 1114, 37322, 341, 1550, 45276, 7712, 198, 2025, 38719, 12, 24749, 10219, 198, 464, 9834, 38, 1766, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
397
top2.gif (1149 bytes) trivia.gif (5466 bytes) There are 2.5 twists per inch in a Twizzler. A standard book of matches contains 20. Adults are more likely to tell a lie in bed than anywhere else. "Kalewala," a Finnish poetic saga, devoted 400 verses to beer. Only 200 verses were devoted to the creation of Earth. Each year, about 46 million Cokes, five million pounds of French fries and seven million hamburgers are consumed at Walt Disney World. Approximately 20% of Americans have a passport. In poker, an ace-king hand is called "Big Slick." That's because AK is the postal abbreviation for Alaska. "Big Slick" refers to the Exxon Valdez oil spill that took place off the shore of Alaska. The eyes of babies don't produce tears until the baby is six to eight weeks old. The herring is the most widely eaten fish in the world. Dill seeds are so small that about 10,000 dill seeds are needed to make an ounce. Sno-Caps candies were originally called Bob Whites. The Eiffel Tower is painted approximately once every seven years and requires nearly 50 tons of paint each time. Beethoven's last symphony was his ninth. Scott Baio's (Chachi on the TV classic "Happy Days") first sexual partner was Erin Moran (who played Joanie on that show). Mississippi is the poorest state. The human eye consists of more than two million working parts. The card game solitaire is also called Patience. Research shows that only 43% of homemade dinners served in the U.S. include vegetables. divider.gif (160 bytes) more-trivia.gif (2124 bytes)home.jpg (4312 bytes) If You Love Clicking Links That Don't Do Anything—Click Here divider.gif (160 bytes)
[ 4852, 17, 13, 27908, 357, 1157, 2920, 9881, 8, 198, 198, 28461, 8869, 13, 27908, 357, 4051, 2791, 9881, 8, 628, 198, 1858, 389, 362, 13, 20, 30953, 583, 11111, 287, 257, 1815, 6457, 1754, 13, 198, 198, 32, 3210, 1492, 286, 7466, 4909, 1160, 13, 198, 198, 2782, 8376, 389, 517, 1884, 284, 1560, 257, 6486, 287, 3996, 621, 6609, 2073, 13, 198, 198, 1, 41428, 413, 6081, 553, 257, 26838, 38273, 26784, 11, 13378, 7337, 24752, 284, 6099, 13, 5514, 939, 24752, 547, 13378, 284, 262, 6282, 286, 3668, 13, 198, 198, 10871, 614, 11, 546, 6337, 1510, 327, 3369, 11, 1936, 1510, 8059, 286, 4141, 31757, 290, 3598, 1510, 41478, 3686, 364, 389, 13529, 379, 18935, 8519, 2159, 13, 198, 198, 4677, 24378, 1160, 4, 286, 3399, 423, 257, 17981, 13, 198, 198, 818, 27101, 11, 281, 31506, 12, 3364, 1021, 318, 1444, 366, 12804, 3454, 624, 526, 1320, 338, 780, 15837, 318, 262, 30793, 28873, 47625, 329, 12926, 13, 366, 12804, 3454, 624, 1, 10229, 284, 262, 27879, 38552, 8471, 3056, 19431, 326, 1718, 1295, 572, 262, 15191, 286, 12926, 13, 198, 198, 464, 2951, 286, 11903, 836, 470, 4439, 10953, 1566, 262, 5156, 318, 2237, 284, 3624, 2745, 1468, 13, 198, 198, 464, 607, 1806, 318, 262, 749, 6768, 17065, 5916, 287, 262, 995, 13, 198, 198, 35, 359, 11904, 389, 523, 1402, 326, 546, 838, 11, 830, 288, 359, 11904, 389, 2622, 284, 787, 281, 25799, 13, 198, 198, 50, 3919, 12, 34, 1686, 2658, 444, 547, 6198, 1444, 5811, 29290, 13, 198, 198, 464, 412, 733, 417, 8765, 318, 13055, 6702, 1752, 790, 3598, 812, 290, 4433, 3016, 2026, 10860, 286, 7521, 1123, 640, 13, 198, 198, 3856, 2788, 16206, 338, 938, 5659, 23021, 373, 465, 19646, 13, 198, 198, 19040, 8999, 952, 338, 357, 1925, 14299, 319, 262, 3195, 6833, 366, 25082, 12579, 4943, 717, 3206, 5212, 373, 28894, 42705, 357, 8727, 2826, 26640, 494, 319, 326, 905, 737, 198, 198, 17140, 747, 12715, 318, 262, 27335, 1181, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1692, 4151, 10874, 286, 517, 621, 734, 1510, 1762, 3354, 13, 198, 198, 464, 2657, 983, 1540, 26627, 318, 635, 1444, 3208, 1240, 13, 198, 198, 25104, 2523, 326, 691, 5946, 4, 286, 24584, 42541, 4983, 287, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 2291, 13701, 13, 198, 198, 7146, 1304, 13, 27908, 357, 14198, 9881, 8, 198, 198, 3549, 12, 28461, 8869, 13, 27908, 357, 17, 17464, 9881, 8, 11195, 13, 9479, 357, 3559, 1065, 9881, 8, 628, 198, 1532, 921, 5896, 6914, 278, 21691, 1320, 2094, 470, 2141, 21035, 960, 8164, 3423, 198, 198, 7146, 1304, 13, 27908, 357, 14198, 9881, 8, 198, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
444
Sunday, September 6, 2015 The Giant Behemoth (1959) It’s sad that Willis H. O’Brien’s last giant monster movie was The Giant Behemoth, rather than 1957’s The Black Scorpion.  Both his, and Pete Peterson's work (Peterson worked with O’Brien on Mighty Joe Young and did most of the animation in both Scorpion and Behemoth) suffer greatly under budget constraints in both films, but their final film sees most of the work coming after the hour mark of this 80 minute feature, and contains several instances of the same scene reused, but cropped in order to give the impression of a different shot.  The Black Scorpion would have been a much better send off than this dull, lifeless film. Yeah, you'll see this scene a lot in the last 20 minutes of the film. The story is pretty basic giant monster stuff.  American scientist Steve Karnes (Gene Evans), delivering a speech in England on the dangers of radioactivity to ocean life, learns of a fishing village where thousands of fish washed ashore dead.  Oh, and a local fisherman died of mysterious circumstances, after describing a behemoth coming from the sea. Convincing Professor James Bickford (André Morell) to allow him to visit the village, the two discover another fisherman suffering what they suspect are radiation burns, after he touched a strange glowing mass where the first fisherman was found.  Though no evidence of radiation, or the behemoth, is found in the village, a family is found severely burned (okay, more char broiled), along with a giant footprint miles away.  Searching the ocean in the area of the attack, Karnes catches a glimpse of the monster, only to be called back to shore by the local Coast Guard to help with the investigation of a grounded ship. Finding evidence the behemoth rammed into the ship, Karnes and Bickford contact a local paleontologist (Jack MacGowran), who identifies the creature and discloses that, like an electric eel, it can discharge a shock to stun its prey.  Karnes theorizes this allows the creature, which has absorbed a massive dose of radiation, to discharge radiation, resulting in the burned remains at the site of the most recent attack.   And the images in the film are very harrowing,  especially for British citizens with memories of The Blitz. The paleontologist mentions that, back when these creatures roamed the Earth, they swam up the Thames River to spawn or die.  Of course, that means when the creature reaches land, the military’s first option, blowing it to bits, isn't an option, as it would spread radioactive behemoth bits over a wide part of London.  Oh, at this point, we’ve only seen the puppet head of the behemoth once.  In place of monster attacks, the script tries to create tension with scenes of people talking seriously about destroying a monster no one, including the audience, as seen for more than a couple of seconds.  But fear not, the puppet head rears up again at about the 50-minute mark, to sink a ferry on the Thames and barbecue the passengers.  It's unfortunate that the script follows the attack up with another ten minutes of people talking about the threat before the stop motion creature emerges in London. Oh, scary. Alas, the effects become underwhelming in a short time.  The initial scene, with the behemoth emerging from the Thames and wreaking several large cranes, is really nice.  And a later sequence, as the monster stomps down several power lines, looks great as well.  But it’s pretty obvious O’Brien and Peterson weren’t given much money for their work, as the creature’s seams are pretty visible (and at times, open on the screen).  And directors Eugène Lourié and Douglas Hickox squeeze every second they can from the stop motion mayhem, resulting in repeated shots that are cropped in an attempt to pass them off as different shots. Oh, you have the monster attacking the same building within five minutes. And it feels, with this feature, the pupil had become the master.  Ray Harryhausen's work on The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms (an inspiration for this film I'll get to in the next paragraph), as well as It Came from Beneath the Sea, 20 Million Miles to Earth and The Seventh Voyage of Sinbad (all released before Behemoth) showed stop motion creatures with a sense of personality.  Most acted more like actors, rather than stomping beasts, and (with the exception of the "octopus" in It Came from Beneath the Sea), Harryhausen's creatures died in such a fashion that invoked sympathy from the audience.  His creatures were beings, actors sharing the screen with their human counterparts.  O'Brien's behemoth, on the other hand, shared more in common with his much earlier work on The Lost World, rather than his amazing animation on King Kong. The fault could be contributed to script,  Originally envisioned to be more a Quatermass-style film, with the mysterious radioactive blob seen early in the film being the main “monster," the distributors insisted on a more Beast from 20,000 Fathoms feel (echoed in several drawings of the behemoth before it’s seen on screen), but one suspects no additional money was added to the film’s budget to compensate for the new direction. What, this looks like The Creature from 20,000 Fathoms? I don't see the similarity at all. I will credit the script for taking a different direction than most creature features of the time, at least when it came to a potential love interest.  Early on, we’re introduced to the daughter of the behemoth’s first victim (played by Leigh Madison).  This fisherman’s daughter is easy on the eyes, and though she has an admirer in the town, one could see the dashing American scientist finding a flimsy reason for bringing her on his quest for the monster, and eventually romancing her.  Yet, the script forgoes this cliché and she’s gone once Karnes leaves the village.  It’s a bit of a surprise, yet the script seems intent on not letting romance get in the way of endless scenes of talking scientists and military men.  Though a few extra scenes of her and Karnes getting to know each other would have been more interesting than endless discussions about killing the monster. While the underwater scenes of the monster are nice, one has to wonder if Karnes’ idea of using a torpedo to implant more radiation into the behemoth to accelerate its death (as he believes the creature is dying from it’s exposure to radiation) is really a good idea.  Blowing it up on land is considered bad, but spreading its irradiated carcass in the Thames becomes the best opinion.  Sure, one can point to the public’s naivety concerning radiation, given the time and misinformation spread by the government (duck and cover, my ass), but the bullet used in The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms seems a more logical response.  But, as the audience has been lulled to sleep by the countless times the movie has talked about the monster, rather than seen it, I suspect such a dramatic conclusion was needed. O’Brien would work on one more giant monster movie, the Irwin Allen version of The Lost World.  This could have been the capping mark of his career, working on stop-motion dinosaurs in a remake of the film that catapulted him to fame and lead to his most famous creation, King Kong.  But, trying to compensate for the over-budgeted Cleopatra, 20th Century Fox slashed the budget of numerous other films, leading to the use of lizards with fins in The Lost World, rather than the work O’Brien had sketched out for the production.  If you're a completist, seek out The Giant Behemoth.  But, if you'd rather watch a fitting finale to the work of a great effects artist, stick with The Black Scorpion.  Despite its faults, that film has more of O'Brien and Peterson's work on the screen, a more fitting tribute than the endless montage of cropped sequences in this feature.   I don't think the cropping fooled audiences in the 50s,  any more than it would now.   NOTE: An early version of this review incorrectly identified Pete Peterson as "Pete Patterson."  My apologies for the error, and my thanks to Steve Sullivan for pointing it out.
[ 21934, 11, 2693, 718, 11, 1853, 198, 198, 464, 17384, 1355, 34394, 357, 45403, 8, 198, 198, 1026, 447, 247, 82, 6507, 326, 32748, 367, 13, 440, 447, 247, 20118, 447, 247, 82, 938, 6175, 9234, 3807, 373, 383, 17384, 1355, 34394, 11, 2138, 621, 25177, 447, 247, 82, 383, 2619, 48821, 13, 1849, 5747, 465, 11, 290, 17542, 18914, 338, 670, 357, 25803, 882, 3111, 351, 440, 447, 247, 20118, 319, 25532, 5689, 6960, 290, 750, 749, 286, 262, 11034, 287, 1111, 48821, 290, 1355, 34394, 8, 8659, 9257, 739, 4466, 17778, 287, 1111, 7328, 11, 475, 511, 2457, 2646, 7224, 749, 286, 262, 670, 2406, 706, 262, 1711, 1317, 286, 428, 4019, 5664, 3895, 11, 290, 4909, 1811, 10245, 286, 262, 976, 3715, 46823, 11, 475, 48998, 287, 1502, 284, 1577, 262, 10647, 286, 257, 1180, 2823, 13, 1849, 383, 2619, 48821, 561, 423, 587, 257, 881, 1365, 3758, 572, 621, 428, 19222, 11, 46443, 2646, 13, 198, 198, 10995, 11, 345, 1183, 766, 428, 3715, 257, 1256, 287, 262, 938, 1160, 2431, 286, 262, 2646, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1621, 318, 2495, 4096, 6175, 9234, 3404, 13, 1849, 1605, 11444, 6542, 31625, 274, 357, 39358, 13922, 828, 13630, 257, 4046, 287, 4492, 319, 262, 16169, 286, 5243, 21797, 284, 9151, 1204, 11, 22974, 286, 257, 12478, 7404, 810, 4138, 286, 5916, 18989, 45817, 2636, 13, 1849, 3966, 11, 290, 257, 1957, 48750, 3724, 286, 11428, 5917, 11, 706, 12059, 257, 307, 34394, 2406, 422, 262, 5417, 13, 198, 198, 3103, 85, 1939, 278, 8129, 3700, 347, 624, 3841, 357, 1870, 29350, 3125, 297, 8, 284, 1249, 683, 284, 3187, 262, 7404, 11, 262, 734, 7073, 1194, 48750, 7195, 644, 484, 4099, 389, 11881, 20246, 11, 706, 339, 12615, 257, 6283, 21377, 2347, 810, 262, 717, 48750, 373, 1043, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 10915, 645, 2370, 286, 11881, 11, 393, 262, 307, 34394, 11, 318, 1043, 287, 262, 7404, 11, 257, 1641, 318, 1043, 15052, 11544, 357, 482, 323, 11, 517, 1149, 1379, 3902, 828, 1863, 351, 257, 6175, 24713, 4608, 1497, 13, 1849, 11140, 278, 262, 9151, 287, 262, 1989, 286, 262, 1368, 11, 31625, 274, 17591, 257, 19350, 286, 262, 9234, 11, 691, 284, 307, 1444, 736, 284, 15191, 416, 262, 1957, 8545, 4932, 284, 1037, 351, 262, 3645, 286, 257, 22804, 4074, 13, 198, 198, 36276, 2370, 262, 307, 34394, 374, 10573, 656, 262, 4074, 11, 31625, 274, 290, 347, 624, 3841, 2800, 257, 1957, 14005, 756, 7451, 357, 14295, 4100, 38, 322, 2596, 828, 508, 21079, 262, 7185, 290, 5862, 4629, 326, 11, 588, 281, 5186, 304, 417, 11, 340, 460, 17655, 257, 6380, 284, 7991, 663, 15974, 13, 1849, 31625, 274, 18765, 4340, 428, 3578, 262, 7185, 11, 543, 468, 19233, 257, 4858, 10742, 286, 11881, 11, 284, 17655, 11881, 11, 7186, 287, 262, 11544, 3793, 379, 262, 2524, 286, 262, 749, 2274, 1368, 13, 5624, 198, 198, 1870, 262, 4263, 287, 262, 2646, 389, 845, 45736, 11, 1849, 198, 16480, 329, 3517, 4290, 1849, 4480, 9846, 286, 383, 29299, 13, 198, 198, 464, 14005, 756, 7451, 15802, 326, 11, 736, 618, 777, 8109, 686, 2434, 262, 3668, 11, 484, 1509, 321, 510, 262, 42521, 5866, 284, 10922, 393, 4656, 13, 1849, 3226, 1781, 11, 326, 1724, 618, 262, 7185, 12229, 1956, 11, 1849, 1169, 2422, 447, 247, 82, 717, 3038, 11, 19280, 340, 284, 10340, 11, 2125, 470, 281, 3038, 11, 355, 340, 561, 4104, 25521, 307, 34394, 10340, 625, 257, 3094, 636, 286, 3576, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 5812, 11, 379, 428, 966, 11, 356, 447, 247, 303, 691, 1775, 262, 30095, 1182, 286, 262, 307, 34394, 1752, 13, 1849, 554, 1295, 286, 9234, 3434, 11, 262, 4226, 8404, 284, 2251, 12097, 351, 8188, 286, 661, 3375, 6411, 546, 13897, 257, 9234, 645, 530, 11, 1390, 262, 5386, 11, 355, 1775, 329, 517, 621, 257, 3155, 286, 4201, 13, 1849, 887, 3252, 407, 11, 262, 30095, 1182, 302, 945, 510, 757, 379, 546, 262, 2026, 12, 11374, 1317, 11, 284, 14595, 257, 26450, 319, 262, 42521, 290, 36646, 262, 10405, 13, 1849, 632, 338, 14855, 326, 262, 4226, 5679, 262, 1368, 510, 351, 1194, 3478, 2431, 286, 661, 3375, 546, 262, 2372, 878, 262, 2245, 6268, 7185, 25457, 287, 3576, 13, 198, 198, 5812, 11, 14343, 13, 198, 198, 2348, 292, 11, 262, 3048, 1716, 739, 36433, 287, 257, 1790, 640, 13, 220, 1849, 464, 4238, 3715, 11, 351, 262, 307, 34394, 11823, 422, 262, 42521, 290, 30154, 868, 1811, 1588, 1067, 7305, 11, 318, 1107, 3621, 13, 220, 1849, 1870, 257, 1568, 8379, 11, 355, 262, 9234, 336, 296, 862, 866, 1811, 1176, 3951, 11, 3073, 1049, 355, 880, 13, 1849, 1849, 1537, 340, 447, 247, 82, 2495, 3489, 440, 447, 247, 20118, 290, 18914, 6304, 447, 247, 83, 1813, 881, 1637, 329, 511, 670, 11, 355, 262, 7185, 447, 247, 82, 41280, 389, 2495, 7424, 357, 392, 379, 1661, 11, 1280, 319, 262, 3159, 737, 1849, 843, 13445, 20665, 14064, 710, 4768, 380, 2634, 290, 15796, 42441, 1140, 21229, 790, 1218, 484, 460, 422, 262, 2245, 6268, 43744, 11, 7186, 287, 5100, 6934, 326, 389, 48998, 287, 281, 2230, 284, 1208, 606, 572, 355, 1180, 6934, 13, 198, 198, 5812, 11, 345, 423, 262, 9234, 9274, 262, 976, 2615, 1626, 1936, 2431, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 340, 5300, 11, 351, 428, 3895, 11, 262, 34047, 550, 1716, 262, 4958, 13, 220, 1849, 19591, 5850, 30404, 268, 338, 670, 319, 383, 10984, 422, 1160, 11, 830, 376, 776, 3150, 357, 272, 12141, 329, 428, 2646, 314, 1183, 651, 284, 287, 262, 1306, 7322, 828, 355, 880, 355, 632, 32653, 422, 36585, 776, 262, 6896, 11, 1160, 23425, 20404, 284, 3668, 290, 383, 31848, 23020, 496, 286, 10884, 14774, 357, 439, 2716, 878, 1355, 34394, 8, 3751, 2245, 6268, 8109, 351, 257, 2565, 286, 8806, 13, 220, 1849, 6943, 13134, 517, 588, 10544, 11, 2138, 621, 32221, 278, 21930, 11, 290, 357, 4480, 262, 6631, 286, 262, 366, 38441, 25790, 1, 287, 632, 32653, 422, 36585, 776, 262, 6896, 828, 5850, 30404, 268, 338, 8109, 3724, 287, 884, 257, 6977, 326, 24399, 20242, 422, 262, 5386, 13, 220, 1849, 6653, 8109, 547, 9791, 11, 10544, 7373, 262, 3159, 351, 511, 1692, 16054, 13, 220, 1849, 46, 6, 20118, 338, 307, 34394, 11, 319, 262, 584, 1021, 11, 4888, 517, 287, 2219, 351, 465, 881, 2961, 670, 319, 383, 9164, 2159, 11, 2138, 621, 465, 4998, 11034, 319, 2677, 9071, 13, 198, 198, 464, 8046, 714, 307, 8639, 284, 4226, 11, 220, 1849, 22731, 32295, 284, 307, 517, 257, 2264, 729, 22208, 12, 7635, 2646, 11, 351, 262, 11428, 25521, 44812, 1775, 1903, 287, 262, 2646, 852, 262, 1388, 564, 250, 39050, 553, 262, 32612, 11189, 319, 257, 517, 10984, 422, 1160, 11, 830, 376, 776, 3150, 1254, 357, 30328, 276, 287, 1811, 23388, 286, 262, 307, 34394, 878, 340, 447, 247, 82, 1775, 319, 3159, 828, 475, 530, 11826, 645, 3224, 1637, 373, 2087, 284, 262, 2646, 447, 247, 82, 4466, 284, 21392, 329, 262, 649, 4571, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 11, 428, 3073, 588, 383, 33248, 422, 1160, 11, 830, 376, 776, 3150, 30, 198, 198, 40, 836, 470, 766, 262, 26789, 379, 477, 13, 198, 198, 40, 481, 3884, 262, 4226, 329, 2263, 257, 1180, 4571, 621, 749, 7185, 3033, 286, 262, 640, 11, 379, 1551, 618, 340, 1625, 284, 257, 2785, 1842, 1393, 13, 1849, 12556, 319, 11, 356, 447, 247, 260, 5495, 284, 262, 4957, 286, 262, 307, 34394, 447, 247, 82, 717, 3117, 357, 21542, 416, 37907, 14909, 737, 1849, 770, 48750, 447, 247, 82, 4957, 318, 2562, 319, 262, 2951, 11, 290, 996, 673, 468, 281, 21099, 81, 287, 262, 3240, 11, 530, 714, 766, 262, 288, 2140, 1605, 11444, 4917, 257, 781, 48295, 1738, 329, 6079, 607, 319, 465, 1235, 329, 262, 9234, 11, 290, 4191, 9267, 5077, 607, 13, 1849, 6430, 11, 262, 4226, 329, 2188, 274, 428, 43973, 290, 673, 447, 247, 82, 3750, 1752, 31625, 274, 5667, 262, 7404, 13, 1849, 632, 447, 247, 82, 257, 1643, 286, 257, 5975, 11, 1865, 262, 4226, 2331, 6824, 319, 407, 9616, 19661, 651, 287, 262, 835, 286, 13079, 8188, 286, 3375, 5519, 290, 2422, 1450, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 10915, 257, 1178, 3131, 8188, 286, 607, 290, 31625, 274, 1972, 284, 760, 1123, 584, 198, 19188, 423, 587, 517, 3499, 621, 13079, 9984, 546, 5170, 262, 9234, 13, 198, 198, 3633, 262, 21258, 8188, 286, 262, 9234, 389, 3621, 11, 530, 468, 284, 4240, 611, 31625, 274, 447, 247, 2126, 286, 1262, 257, 39023, 284, 29016, 517, 11881, 656, 262, 307, 34394, 284, 22636, 663, 1918, 357, 292, 339, 5804, 262, 7185, 318, 9950, 422, 340, 447, 247, 82, 7111, 284, 11881, 8, 318, 1107, 257, 922, 2126, 13, 1849, 1086, 7855, 340, 510, 319, 1956, 318, 3177, 2089, 11, 475, 14342, 663, 47537, 12931, 36756, 562, 287, 262, 42521, 4329, 262, 1266, 4459, 13, 1849, 10889, 11, 530, 460, 966, 284, 262, 1171, 447, 247, 82, 24354, 774, 9305, 11881, 11, 1813, 262, 640, 290, 32805, 4104, 416, 262, 1230, 357, 646, 694, 290, 3002, 11, 616, 840, 828, 475, 262, 10492, 973, 287, 383, 10984, 422, 1160, 11, 830, 376, 776, 3150, 2331, 257, 517, 12219, 2882, 13, 1849, 887, 11, 355, 262, 5386, 468, 587, 42858, 276, 284, 3993, 416, 262, 12925, 1661, 262, 3807, 468, 6619, 546, 262, 9234, 11, 2138, 621, 1775, 340, 11, 314, 4099, 884, 257, 10092, 7664, 373, 2622, 13, 198, 198, 46, 447, 247, 20118, 561, 670, 319, 530, 517, 6175, 9234, 3807, 11, 262, 48470, 9659, 2196, 286, 383, 9164, 2159, 13, 1849, 770, 714, 423, 587, 262, 1275, 2105, 1317, 286, 465, 3451, 11, 1762, 319, 2245, 12, 38714, 27199, 287, 257, 28763, 286, 262, 2646, 326, 48786, 276, 683, 284, 16117, 290, 1085, 284, 465, 749, 5863, 6282, 11, 2677, 9071, 13, 1849, 887, 11, 2111, 284, 21392, 329, 262, 625, 12, 37315, 276, 1849, 34349, 404, 26066, 11, 1160, 400, 13641, 5426, 34930, 262, 4466, 286, 6409, 584, 7328, 11, 3756, 284, 262, 779, 286, 300, 14124, 351, 42080, 287, 383, 9164, 2159, 11, 2138, 621, 262, 670, 440, 447, 247, 20118, 550, 28427, 1740, 503, 329, 262, 3227, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 821, 257, 1224, 83, 396, 11, 5380, 503, 383, 17384, 1355, 34394, 13, 220, 1849, 1537, 11, 611, 345, 1549, 2138, 2342, 257, 15830, 19523, 284, 262, 670, 286, 257, 1049, 3048, 6802, 11, 4859, 351, 383, 2619, 48821, 13, 220, 1849, 8332, 663, 31025, 11, 326, 2646, 468, 517, 286, 440, 6, 20118, 290, 18914, 338, 670, 319, 262, 3159, 11, 257, 517, 15830, 17547, 621, 262, 13079, 40689, 496, 286, 48998, 16311, 287, 428, 3895, 13, 5624, 198, 198, 40, 836, 470, 892, 262, 6763, 2105, 35820, 15579, 287, 262, 2026, 82, 11, 1849, 198, 1092, 517, 621, 340, 561, 783, 13, 5624, 198, 198, 16580, 25, 1052, 1903, 2196, 286, 428, 2423, 23175, 5174, 17542, 18914, 355, 366, 47, 14471, 27042, 526, 220, 1849, 3666, 32920, 329, 262, 4049, 11, 290, 616, 5176, 284, 6542, 18501, 329, 10609, 340, 503, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,860
Thursday, September 9, 2010 Melt Down (Psalm 71:20-21, NLT) I am sitting here tonight looking at my white screen. I am not sure what to write. It has been a long day. Not bad.... just long. There are days when I hit the wall. When I am so tired, overwhelmed, frustrated, and irratated that I can't see straight.  I feel like the sky is falling and nothing is right. Today was one of those days.  Today I felt jaded by all of the responsibility raising a child with special needs brings. Jaded that I am doing it alone.  Jaded that I can't just pick up and leave the kids with grandma and go on a girls weekend to Vegas or out to lunch for that matter.  Jaded that I have no time for me. Jaded that my boys have had to go thru all of this. Jaded this all happened to Makenzie.  This is not how my life is supposed to be! After all of the rum drum of today Makenzie and I headed up stairs to get ready for bed. I sat Makenzie down in her chair and she began her nightly temper tantrum, Makenzie loves the bath but she HATES mommy's shower before the bath. As I stepped into the shower Makenzie started the pouty lip. Then she moved onto breath holding followed by wailing. I started singing Splish Splash to her in the silliest voice I could muster at the top of my lungs. Makenzie looked at me and gave me a huge smile and started belly laughing. I continued singing and she continued laughing,   I stood there looking into her big blue eyes and everything just melted away. This is hard but if Makenzie can be so strong and happy how can I be so upset? Why am I letting all of the unfairness of life get under my skin? Yes this is all unfair but that is just life.  This is something I have been telling my children forever but it is still something I need to be reminded of sometimes! I will melt down again. It is inevitable but it will be short lived and I am looking forward to what ever craziness tomorrow brings! "The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. He makes me to lie down in green pastures; he leads me beside the still waters. He restores my soul; he leads me in the paths of righteousness for His name's sake. Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil; for You are with me; your rod and Your staff, they comfort me. You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies; you anoint my head with oil; my cup runs over. Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life; and I will dwell in the house of the LORD forever." (Psalm 23, NKJ) Related Posts with Thumbnails
[ 25381, 11, 2693, 860, 11, 3050, 198, 198, 44, 2120, 5588, 628, 198, 7, 12016, 38182, 9166, 25, 1238, 12, 2481, 11, 22879, 51, 8, 198, 198, 40, 716, 5586, 994, 9975, 2045, 379, 616, 2330, 3159, 13, 314, 716, 407, 1654, 644, 284, 3551, 13, 632, 468, 587, 257, 890, 1110, 13, 1892, 2089, 1106, 655, 890, 13, 198, 198, 1858, 389, 1528, 618, 314, 2277, 262, 3355, 13, 1649, 314, 716, 523, 10032, 11, 20974, 11, 14718, 11, 290, 4173, 10366, 515, 326, 314, 460, 470, 766, 3892, 13, 1849, 314, 1254, 588, 262, 6766, 318, 7463, 290, 2147, 318, 826, 13, 6288, 373, 530, 286, 883, 1528, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 8888, 314, 2936, 474, 5286, 416, 477, 286, 262, 5798, 8620, 257, 1200, 351, 2041, 2476, 6774, 13, 449, 5286, 326, 314, 716, 1849, 19631, 340, 3436, 13, 220, 1849, 41, 5286, 326, 314, 460, 470, 655, 2298, 510, 290, 2666, 262, 3988, 351, 49890, 1849, 392, 467, 319, 257, 4813, 5041, 1849, 1462, 9621, 393, 503, 284, 9965, 329, 326, 2300, 13, 1849, 449, 5286, 326, 314, 423, 645, 640, 329, 502, 13, 449, 5286, 326, 616, 6510, 423, 550, 284, 467, 33834, 477, 286, 428, 13, 449, 5286, 428, 477, 3022, 284, 337, 1685, 49746, 13, 1849, 770, 318, 407, 703, 616, 1204, 318, 4385, 284, 307, 0, 198, 198, 3260, 477, 286, 262, 7440, 13026, 286, 1909, 337, 1685, 49746, 290, 314, 9153, 510, 16046, 284, 651, 3492, 329, 3996, 13, 314, 3332, 337, 1685, 49746, 866, 287, 607, 5118, 290, 673, 2540, 607, 37862, 4124, 24246, 6582, 11, 337, 1685, 49746, 10408, 262, 7837, 475, 673, 367, 29462, 1995, 1820, 338, 14643, 878, 262, 7837, 13, 198, 198, 1722, 314, 10764, 656, 262, 14643, 337, 1685, 49746, 2067, 262, 279, 448, 88, 10645, 13, 3244, 673, 3888, 4291, 8033, 4769, 3940, 416, 266, 11608, 13, 314, 2067, 13777, 13341, 680, 45275, 284, 607, 287, 262, 49276, 6386, 3809, 314, 714, 36394, 379, 262, 1353, 286, 616, 21726, 13, 337, 1685, 49746, 3114, 379, 502, 290, 2921, 502, 257, 3236, 8212, 290, 2067, 19921, 14376, 13, 314, 3767, 13777, 290, 673, 3767, 14376, 11, 4603, 198, 198, 40, 6204, 612, 2045, 656, 607, 1263, 4171, 2951, 290, 2279, 655, 24178, 1497, 13, 770, 318, 1327, 475, 611, 337, 1685, 49746, 460, 307, 523, 1913, 290, 3772, 703, 460, 314, 307, 523, 9247, 30, 4162, 716, 314, 9616, 477, 286, 262, 11675, 1108, 286, 1204, 651, 739, 616, 4168, 30, 3363, 428, 318, 477, 11675, 475, 326, 318, 655, 1204, 13, 1849, 770, 318, 1223, 314, 423, 587, 5149, 616, 1751, 8097, 475, 340, 318, 991, 1223, 314, 761, 284, 307, 14516, 286, 3360, 0, 198, 198, 40, 481, 16867, 866, 757, 13, 632, 318, 13203, 475, 1849, 270, 481, 307, 1849, 19509, 5615, 290, 314, 716, 2045, 2651, 284, 644, 1683, 27627, 1272, 9439, 6774, 0, 198, 198, 1, 464, 35750, 318, 616, 46721, 26, 314, 2236, 407, 765, 13, 679, 1838, 502, 284, 6486, 866, 287, 4077, 1613, 942, 26, 339, 5983, 502, 13970, 262, 991, 10150, 13, 679, 45815, 616, 5848, 26, 339, 5983, 502, 287, 262, 13532, 286, 33738, 329, 2399, 1438, 338, 11060, 13, 11609, 64, 11, 996, 314, 2513, 832, 262, 19272, 286, 262, 9082, 286, 1918, 11, 314, 481, 3252, 645, 6181, 26, 329, 921, 389, 351, 502, 26, 534, 15299, 290, 3406, 3085, 11, 484, 4467, 502, 13, 921, 8335, 257, 3084, 878, 502, 287, 262, 4931, 286, 616, 5775, 26, 345, 281, 1563, 616, 1182, 351, 3056, 26, 616, 6508, 4539, 625, 13, 28417, 20437, 290, 17703, 2236, 1061, 502, 477, 262, 1528, 286, 616, 1204, 26, 290, 314, 481, 14046, 287, 262, 2156, 286, 262, 35750, 8097, 526, 198, 198, 7, 12016, 38182, 2242, 11, 46465, 41, 8, 628, 198, 9819, 12043, 351, 28924, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
641
NUFORC Home Page National UFO Reporting Center Sighting Report Occurred : 12/9/2010 20:00 (Entered as : 12/09/2010 20:00) Reported: 9/19/2011 6:24:54 PM 18:24 Posted: 10/10/2011 Location: Ventura, CA Shape: Teardrop Duration:2-3 minutes December 9, 2010 Just after 8:00pm Ventura, California I was driving home from a business meeting on the northbound 101 freeway when I noticed a small hazy red-orange glow of light hovering over the ocean in the north-western sky. Given the color I assumed I was looking at the moon obscured by a cloud of smoke; as a resident of California it is a phenomenon I have seen often enough. The depth of color was indicative of a very dense, very close fire so for safety sake I scanned the inland sky hoping to locate the source but I saw no plume of trailing smoke and there weren’t even clouds in the sky. Several things crossed my mind then, it was too early in the evening for the moon to be in a setting position over the ocean, the new moon had just passed so the sliver of moon visible wouldn’t be as large as what I had just seen and lastly the moon wouldn’t be setting in that location of the sky anyway. So when I looked back at the light it was a little disconcerting to notice it had grown larger and brighter and was definitely taki! ng on an orb like shape. I was driving so I had to alternate between watching the road and watching the orb and each time I looked back at the orb it appeared larger and brighter as if it were coming toward me which meant that it was moving inland in an easterly direction. At one point when I looked the orb had changed shape, like a tear drop on its side with the pointed tip in the tail position and it was moving parallel to me only in the opposite direction (southbound) there were also three small lights visible at the top. Because of those small lights I thought “Oh it’s a passenger plane.” I wanted some kind of confirmation so I looked for the fuselage knowing that if I could see the lights of the passenger windows I should be able to see the plane itself but there was no plane and the whole thing was still glowing orange. It continued southward and I watched it move across the sky until I was almost looking over my shoulder out the driver side window and the glow sta! rted to dissipate then it vanished at a point where my eye cau! ght sigh t of a star in the sky. The whole incident took no more than two or three minutes and I wasn’t the only one who saw this; there were 15 other vehicles in front of me and several behind. I watched the orb disappear then turned my full attention back to my driving and realized everyone had slowed down to watch the strange lights in the sky.
[ 45, 52, 13775, 34, 5995, 7873, 198, 198, 16186, 19728, 29595, 3337, 198, 50, 47610, 6358, 198, 29223, 12808, 1058, 1105, 14, 24, 14, 10333, 1160, 25, 405, 357, 14539, 1068, 355, 1058, 1105, 14, 2931, 14, 10333, 1160, 25, 405, 8, 198, 6207, 9741, 25, 860, 14, 1129, 14, 9804, 718, 25, 1731, 25, 4051, 3122, 1248, 25, 1731, 198, 14231, 25, 838, 14, 940, 14, 9804, 198, 14749, 25, 43204, 11, 7257, 198, 33383, 25, 1665, 446, 1773, 198, 26054, 25, 17, 12, 18, 2431, 198, 20588, 860, 11, 3050, 198, 198, 5703, 706, 807, 25, 405, 4426, 43204, 11, 3442, 314, 373, 5059, 1363, 422, 257, 1597, 3249, 319, 262, 5093, 7784, 8949, 39042, 618, 314, 6810, 257, 1402, 387, 7357, 2266, 12, 43745, 19634, 286, 1657, 33627, 625, 262, 9151, 287, 262, 5093, 12, 14197, 6766, 13, 11259, 262, 3124, 314, 9672, 314, 373, 2045, 379, 262, 8824, 40157, 416, 257, 6279, 286, 7523, 26, 355, 257, 6623, 286, 3442, 340, 318, 257, 10733, 314, 423, 1775, 1690, 1576, 13, 383, 6795, 286, 3124, 373, 29105, 286, 257, 845, 15715, 11, 845, 1969, 2046, 523, 329, 3747, 11060, 314, 28660, 262, 37874, 6766, 7725, 284, 17276, 262, 2723, 475, 314, 2497, 645, 458, 2454, 286, 25462, 7523, 290, 612, 6304, 447, 247, 83, 772, 15114, 287, 262, 6766, 13, 12168, 1243, 12606, 616, 2000, 788, 11, 340, 373, 1165, 1903, 287, 262, 6180, 329, 262, 8824, 284, 307, 287, 257, 4634, 2292, 625, 262, 9151, 11, 262, 649, 8824, 550, 655, 3804, 523, 262, 1017, 1428, 286, 8824, 7424, 3636, 447, 247, 83, 307, 355, 1588, 355, 644, 314, 550, 655, 1775, 290, 938, 306, 262, 8824, 3636, 447, 247, 83, 307, 4634, 287, 326, 4067, 286, 262, 6766, 6949, 13, 1406, 618, 314, 3114, 736, 379, 262, 1657, 340, 373, 257, 1310, 595, 48415, 278, 284, 4003, 340, 550, 7334, 4025, 290, 26083, 290, 373, 4753, 256, 8182, 0, 23370, 319, 281, 15769, 588, 5485, 13, 314, 373, 5059, 523, 314, 550, 284, 13527, 1022, 4964, 262, 2975, 290, 4964, 262, 15769, 290, 1123, 640, 314, 3114, 736, 379, 262, 15769, 340, 4120, 4025, 290, 26083, 355, 611, 340, 547, 2406, 3812, 502, 543, 4001, 326, 340, 373, 3867, 37874, 287, 281, 1396, 353, 306, 4571, 13, 1629, 530, 966, 618, 314, 3114, 262, 15769, 550, 3421, 5485, 11, 588, 257, 11626, 4268, 319, 663, 1735, 351, 262, 6235, 8171, 287, 262, 7894, 2292, 290, 340, 373, 3867, 10730, 284, 502, 691, 287, 262, 6697, 4571, 357, 35782, 7784, 8, 612, 547, 635, 1115, 1402, 7588, 7424, 379, 262, 1353, 13, 4362, 286, 883, 1402, 7588, 314, 1807, 564, 250, 5812, 340, 447, 247, 82, 257, 11849, 6614, 13, 447, 251, 314, 2227, 617, 1611, 286, 12641, 523, 314, 3114, 329, 262, 14035, 45217, 6970, 326, 611, 314, 714, 766, 262, 7588, 286, 262, 11849, 9168, 314, 815, 307, 1498, 284, 766, 262, 6614, 2346, 475, 612, 373, 645, 6614, 290, 262, 2187, 1517, 373, 991, 21377, 10912, 13, 632, 3767, 5366, 904, 290, 314, 7342, 340, 1445, 1973, 262, 6766, 1566, 314, 373, 2048, 2045, 625, 616, 8163, 503, 262, 4639, 1735, 4324, 290, 262, 19634, 336, 64, 0, 374, 1513, 284, 32008, 378, 788, 340, 23717, 379, 257, 966, 810, 616, 4151, 269, 559, 0, 308, 4352, 19680, 256, 286, 257, 3491, 287, 262, 6766, 13, 198, 198, 464, 2187, 4519, 1718, 645, 517, 621, 734, 393, 1115, 2431, 290, 314, 2492, 447, 247, 83, 262, 691, 530, 508, 2497, 428, 26, 612, 547, 1315, 584, 5672, 287, 2166, 286, 502, 290, 1811, 2157, 13, 314, 7342, 262, 15769, 10921, 788, 2900, 616, 1336, 3241, 736, 284, 616, 5059, 290, 6939, 2506, 550, 20955, 866, 284, 2342, 262, 6283, 7588, 287, 262, 6766, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
632
• London's secret billion-pound guilds London's trade guilds date back a thousand years and have billions of pounds in assets. But have they forgotten one of their original purposes - to spend money on the public good? Among the glass skyscrapers of London's financial district, and ancient centre, are nestled some very grand-looking low-rise halls, and a clue to the home of some of the city's more unlikely pockets of wealth. Livery companies, once a combination of lobbying organisations, regulators and trade unions, are now quite different organisations, focused also on fellowship, education and charity. They represented the old industries that used to dominate the city. Many have names which are easy to recognise, such as the Butchers, who can trace their beginnings back to the year 975, and the Fishmongers. Others bear the names of lost trades, like the Mercers and Bowyers, who traded cloth and made longbows. All would set standards for their goods and often held exclusive rights over their trade in the city, thus wielding political power. The other side of their work was welfare and charity: funerals for deceased members, hospitals, and homes for the poor. Today, they sit on billions of pounds of assets, donated by members over many centuries, including the fortune of Dick Whittington, the former lord mayor. They were ordered as long ago as 1884, after a Royal Commission's investigation, to spend more on the public good or risk their existence. But did they? And are they now? David Ferris is a member of the Vintners - or Worshipful Company of Vintners, to give it its full title - and very much a fan of the companies' history and potential. But he thinks they are not. 'Gentlemen's clubs' "What I like best about them is these are ancient institutions, well alive in our midst, with wonderful old traditions," he says. "They are cultural gems." However, he says, many of the most ancient have forgotten one of their prime reasons for existence from medieval times: the public good. "They became gentlemen's clubs generally from about 1700," he says, "and they have a great deal of wealth." It's the older institutions that Mr Ferris feels may not be pulling their weight. Many have investments in companies listed on the stock market. Some have large land holdings. Among the richest are the Mercers, which owns a number of blocks in Covent Garden. No public accounts In fact, the Mercers and Goldsmiths are the 55th and 73rd largest landlords in London respectively, according to Datscha, a commercial property data firm. Together, they are bigger landowners in the city than supermarket chain Sainsbury's or the National Grid. But the companies do not have to offer accounts for public inspection, and many older ones do not. Still, public records partially covering eight companies and their charities showed £1.1bn of assets, BBC research found. Mr Ferris estimates the 110 livery companies in total might have assets worth at least £5bn. His own livery, the Vintners, spent £210,000 of its 2017 expenditure of £2.1m on charitable giving, according to its annual review. This is too low, says Mr Ferris. Different aims Although there are no rules the companies must follow when it comes to charitable spending, the Vintners told the BBC a better figure to look at was its income, of which it spent 20% on charity, and that it aimed to increase its charitable endowment over time. It said that it let out its hall to charities for free, and that doing so has raised £2.5m in the last three years. Mr Ferris has raised his concerns before. He says he was suspended from events at his company for five years and was ordered to "cease to question the company's governance and administration in any way" in a letter seen by the BBC. He won't, he says. And so his suspension continues. The company declined to comment. Each company has different aims and varying relevance in industry, so it would be foolish to lump all livery companies together when it comes to their performance. The Haberdashers and Merchant Taylors, for instance, support schools that bear their names. The Gunmakers tests firearms for safety. The Goldsmiths still has a large role in London's jewellery trade, where its Assay Office hallmarks precious metals, and it supports apprentices. Castro Smith, a jeweller who hand-makes rings, says of the Goldsmiths' role in today's industry: "It [plays] a massive part, especially in training new people. It takes a long time, this sort of skill. "They help financially, and in training, and it's a hub, an umbrella, a network." Medieval benevolence For the newer livery companies, it's a different picture still. Tapping a long history and sense of permanence gives the company a base from which to attract donors for their charities, and a sense of credibility. They are transparent, chatty, and keen to show their works. And many, such as the Arts Scholars, are careful to keep company money - raised from members - separate from funds raised for charitable ends. "We do encourage education. That's really [our] mainstay," says Georgina Gough, Upper Warden of the Arts Scholars, the youngest livery company. It brings together academics, experts and dealers. For David Ferris, though, the older guilds must reform themselves. Their secrecy may not be helping them. What goes on in meetings of their courts - a governing committee similar to a modern company's board - is kept confidential, Mr Ferris says. It is also usual to become a member through patrimony - literally, because your father was a member. Newer and more forward-thinking companies say they try to avoid this. "We need to remember that the source of our assets is the benevolence of people in medieval times," says Mr Ferris. "They would be deeply shocked if they found out only a paltry amount was going to the public good." Next on www.bbc.co.uk System evaluation: This is  truth  with an error of 50% User rating: This is  truth  with an error of 50%
[ 3581, 3576, 338, 3200, 2997, 12, 19568, 19806, 82, 628, 50284, 23421, 338, 3292, 19806, 82, 3128, 736, 257, 7319, 812, 290, 423, 13188, 286, 8059, 287, 6798, 13, 887, 423, 484, 11564, 530, 286, 511, 2656, 4959, 532, 284, 4341, 1637, 319, 262, 1171, 922, 30, 628, 50284, 14311, 262, 5405, 37885, 2416, 364, 286, 3576, 338, 3176, 4783, 11, 290, 6156, 7372, 11, 389, 16343, 992, 617, 845, 4490, 12, 11534, 1877, 12, 17163, 24350, 11, 290, 257, 18437, 284, 262, 1363, 286, 617, 286, 262, 1748, 338, 517, 7485, 16511, 286, 5129, 13, 628, 50284, 43, 6315, 2706, 11, 1752, 257, 6087, 286, 17502, 16435, 11, 17199, 290, 3292, 11936, 11, 389, 783, 2407, 1180, 16435, 11, 5670, 635, 319, 37900, 11, 3707, 290, 11016, 13, 628, 50284, 2990, 7997, 262, 1468, 11798, 326, 973, 284, 17863, 262, 1748, 13, 4650, 423, 3891, 543, 389, 2562, 284, 21817, 11, 884, 355, 262, 887, 3533, 11, 508, 460, 12854, 511, 33875, 736, 284, 262, 614, 860, 2425, 11, 290, 262, 13388, 31059, 364, 13, 628, 50284, 25599, 6842, 262, 3891, 286, 2626, 17674, 11, 588, 262, 12185, 364, 290, 9740, 21200, 11, 508, 14018, 16270, 290, 925, 890, 25435, 13, 1439, 561, 900, 5423, 329, 511, 7017, 290, 1690, 2714, 8568, 2489, 625, 511, 3292, 287, 262, 1748, 11, 4145, 33949, 1964, 1176, 13, 628, 50284, 464, 584, 1735, 286, 511, 670, 373, 9490, 290, 11016, 25, 49831, 874, 329, 20117, 1866, 11, 11301, 11, 290, 5682, 329, 262, 3595, 13, 628, 50284, 8888, 11, 484, 1650, 319, 13188, 286, 8059, 286, 6798, 11, 15863, 416, 1866, 625, 867, 10675, 11, 1390, 262, 15807, 286, 11740, 854, 2535, 1122, 11, 262, 1966, 15876, 9591, 13, 628, 50284, 2990, 547, 6149, 355, 890, 2084, 355, 1248, 5705, 11, 706, 257, 8111, 4513, 338, 3645, 11, 284, 4341, 517, 319, 262, 1171, 922, 393, 2526, 511, 6224, 13, 628, 50284, 1537, 750, 484, 30, 843, 389, 484, 783, 30, 628, 50284, 11006, 12880, 2442, 318, 257, 2888, 286, 262, 569, 600, 2741, 532, 393, 370, 11094, 913, 5834, 286, 569, 600, 2741, 11, 284, 1577, 340, 663, 1336, 3670, 532, 290, 845, 881, 257, 4336, 286, 262, 2706, 6, 2106, 290, 2785, 13, 887, 339, 6834, 484, 389, 407, 13, 628, 50284, 6, 38, 8651, 3653, 338, 9784, 6, 628, 50284, 1, 2061, 314, 588, 1266, 546, 606, 318, 777, 389, 6156, 6712, 11, 880, 6776, 287, 674, 15925, 11, 351, 7932, 1468, 15421, 553, 339, 1139, 13, 366, 2990, 389, 6467, 23685, 526, 628, 50284, 4864, 11, 339, 1139, 11, 867, 286, 262, 749, 6156, 423, 11564, 530, 286, 511, 6994, 3840, 329, 6224, 422, 19955, 1661, 25, 262, 1171, 922, 13, 628, 50284, 1, 2990, 2627, 28527, 338, 9784, 4143, 422, 546, 35665, 553, 339, 1139, 11, 366, 392, 484, 423, 257, 1049, 1730, 286, 5129, 526, 628, 50284, 1026, 338, 262, 4697, 6712, 326, 1770, 12880, 2442, 5300, 743, 407, 307, 10427, 511, 3463, 13, 628, 50284, 7085, 423, 11115, 287, 2706, 5610, 319, 262, 4283, 1910, 13, 2773, 423, 1588, 1956, 27572, 13, 9754, 262, 24348, 389, 262, 12185, 364, 11, 543, 12216, 257, 1271, 286, 7021, 287, 39751, 298, 11652, 13, 628, 50284, 2949, 1171, 5504, 628, 50284, 818, 1109, 11, 262, 12185, 364, 290, 3561, 21453, 82, 389, 262, 5996, 400, 290, 8854, 4372, 4387, 30658, 287, 3576, 8148, 11, 1864, 284, 360, 1381, 11693, 11, 257, 5068, 3119, 1366, 4081, 13, 17083, 11, 484, 389, 5749, 44868, 287, 262, 1748, 621, 26454, 6333, 311, 1299, 10711, 338, 393, 262, 2351, 24846, 13, 628, 50284, 1537, 262, 2706, 466, 407, 423, 284, 2897, 5504, 329, 1171, 15210, 11, 290, 867, 4697, 3392, 466, 407, 13, 628, 50284, 9590, 11, 1171, 4406, 12387, 9505, 3624, 2706, 290, 511, 23980, 3751, 4248, 16, 13, 16, 9374, 286, 6798, 11, 7823, 2267, 1043, 13, 1770, 12880, 2442, 7746, 262, 9796, 300, 6315, 2706, 287, 2472, 1244, 423, 6798, 2861, 379, 1551, 4248, 20, 9374, 13, 628, 50284, 6653, 898, 300, 6315, 11, 262, 569, 600, 2741, 11, 3377, 4248, 21536, 11, 830, 286, 663, 2177, 20705, 286, 4248, 17, 13, 16, 76, 319, 21803, 3501, 11, 1864, 284, 663, 5079, 2423, 13, 770, 318, 1165, 1877, 11, 1139, 1770, 12880, 2442, 13, 628, 50284, 40341, 12031, 628, 50284, 7003, 612, 389, 645, 3173, 262, 2706, 1276, 1061, 618, 340, 2058, 284, 21803, 4581, 11, 262, 569, 600, 2741, 1297, 262, 7823, 257, 1365, 3785, 284, 804, 379, 373, 663, 3739, 11, 286, 543, 340, 3377, 1160, 4, 319, 11016, 11, 290, 326, 340, 8998, 284, 2620, 663, 21803, 886, 36569, 625, 640, 13, 628, 50284, 1026, 531, 326, 340, 1309, 503, 663, 6899, 284, 23980, 329, 1479, 11, 290, 326, 1804, 523, 468, 4376, 4248, 17, 13, 20, 76, 287, 262, 938, 1115, 812, 13, 628, 50284, 5246, 12880, 2442, 468, 4376, 465, 4786, 878, 13, 679, 1139, 339, 373, 9951, 422, 2995, 379, 465, 1664, 329, 1936, 812, 290, 373, 6149, 284, 366, 344, 589, 284, 1808, 262, 1664, 338, 18848, 290, 3662, 287, 597, 835, 1, 287, 257, 3850, 1775, 416, 262, 7823, 13, 679, 1839, 470, 11, 339, 1139, 13, 843, 523, 465, 11461, 4477, 13, 383, 1664, 7392, 284, 2912, 13, 628, 50284, 10871, 1664, 468, 1180, 12031, 290, 15874, 23082, 287, 2831, 11, 523, 340, 561, 307, 19538, 284, 23844, 477, 300, 6315, 2706, 1978, 618, 340, 2058, 284, 511, 2854, 13, 628, 50284, 464, 19654, 45744, 292, 7084, 290, 33508, 25569, 75, 669, 11, 329, 4554, 11, 1104, 4266, 326, 6842, 511, 3891, 13, 383, 6748, 6620, 5254, 12594, 329, 3747, 13, 628, 50284, 464, 3561, 21453, 82, 991, 468, 257, 1588, 2597, 287, 3576, 338, 12711, 41800, 3292, 11, 810, 663, 2195, 323, 4452, 6899, 14306, 14186, 21782, 11, 290, 340, 6971, 38523, 13, 628, 50284, 19248, 305, 4176, 11, 257, 12711, 12368, 508, 1021, 12, 49123, 13917, 11, 1139, 286, 262, 3561, 21453, 82, 6, 2597, 287, 1909, 338, 2831, 25, 366, 1026, 685, 26024, 60, 257, 4858, 636, 11, 2592, 287, 3047, 649, 661, 13, 632, 2753, 257, 890, 640, 11, 428, 3297, 286, 5032, 13, 628, 50284, 1, 2990, 1037, 18786, 11, 290, 287, 3047, 11, 290, 340, 338, 257, 12575, 11, 281, 25510, 11, 257, 3127, 526, 628, 50284, 9921, 14671, 10004, 10396, 594, 628, 50284, 1890, 262, 15064, 300, 6315, 2706, 11, 340, 338, 257, 1180, 4286, 991, 13, 309, 5912, 257, 890, 2106, 290, 2565, 286, 6092, 594, 3607, 262, 1664, 257, 2779, 422, 543, 284, 4729, 13334, 329, 511, 23980, 11, 290, 257, 2565, 286, 16532, 13, 1119, 389, 13245, 11, 8537, 774, 11, 290, 13795, 284, 905, 511, 2499, 13, 628, 50284, 1870, 867, 11, 884, 355, 262, 11536, 26381, 11, 389, 8161, 284, 1394, 1664, 1637, 532, 4376, 422, 1866, 532, 4553, 422, 5153, 4376, 329, 21803, 5645, 13, 628, 50284, 1, 1135, 466, 7898, 3707, 13, 1320, 338, 1107, 685, 454, 60, 1388, 31712, 553, 1139, 6850, 1437, 402, 619, 11, 20390, 38498, 286, 262, 11536, 26381, 11, 262, 18887, 300, 6315, 1664, 13, 632, 6774, 1978, 22321, 11, 6154, 290, 15737, 13, 628, 50284, 1890, 3271, 12880, 2442, 11, 996, 11, 262, 4697, 19806, 82, 1276, 4975, 2405, 13, 628, 50284, 14574, 22780, 743, 407, 307, 5742, 606, 13, 1867, 2925, 319, 287, 8292, 286, 511, 8028, 532, 257, 15030, 5583, 2092, 284, 257, 3660, 1664, 338, 3096, 532, 318, 4030, 15279, 11, 1770, 12880, 2442, 1139, 13, 628, 50284, 1026, 318, 635, 6678, 284, 1716, 257, 2888, 832, 1458, 3036, 1647, 532, 7360, 11, 780, 534, 2988, 373, 257, 2888, 13, 968, 263, 290, 517, 2651, 12, 28973, 2706, 910, 484, 1949, 284, 3368, 428, 13, 628, 50284, 1, 1135, 761, 284, 3505, 326, 262, 2723, 286, 674, 6798, 318, 262, 10004, 10396, 594, 286, 661, 287, 19955, 1661, 553, 1139, 1770, 12880, 2442, 13, 366, 2990, 561, 307, 7744, 11472, 611, 484, 1043, 503, 691, 257, 279, 2501, 563, 2033, 373, 1016, 284, 262, 1171, 922, 526, 628, 50284, 10019, 319, 7324, 13, 11848, 66, 13, 1073, 13, 2724, 628, 50284, 11964, 12660, 25, 770, 318, 220, 1849, 35310, 1849, 351, 281, 4049, 286, 2026, 4, 628, 50284, 12982, 7955, 25, 770, 318, 220, 1849, 35310, 1849, 351, 281, 4049, 286, 2026, 4, 198, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,388
Digital currency exchanger rating White Zinfandel Round Eye Steak A light healthy and cheap steak. Great for right now!!! It’s incredible for getting in steak, and not adding many calories to your diet. The steaks are tiny portions themselves. Perfect for chopping and topping off a salad with. For that salad you can add vinegar and olive oil to the wine you used to braise the meat. Whisk them or use a food processor, adding oil slowly until there is a smooth texture, and creating a zinfandel vinaigrette! Get recipe: White Zinfandel Round Eye Steak image source
[ 27640, 7395, 9933, 2564, 7955, 198, 198, 12256, 1168, 10745, 33134, 10485, 14144, 2441, 461, 198, 198, 32, 1657, 5448, 290, 7026, 26320, 13, 3878, 329, 826, 783, 10185, 632, 447, 247, 82, 8082, 329, 1972, 287, 26320, 11, 290, 407, 4375, 867, 14653, 284, 534, 5496, 13, 383, 2876, 4730, 389, 7009, 16690, 2405, 13, 16374, 329, 45274, 290, 34366, 572, 257, 20698, 351, 13, 1114, 326, 20698, 345, 460, 751, 26600, 290, 19450, 3056, 284, 262, 8237, 345, 973, 284, 8290, 786, 262, 6174, 13, 854, 1984, 606, 393, 779, 257, 2057, 12649, 11, 4375, 3056, 6364, 1566, 612, 318, 257, 7209, 11743, 11, 290, 4441, 257, 1976, 10745, 33134, 410, 1437, 328, 42908, 0, 198, 198, 3855, 8364, 25, 2635, 1168, 10745, 33134, 10485, 14144, 2441, 461, 198, 9060, 2723, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
134
Wednesday, December 26, 2012 Fast Is Fast China is ahead of America on clean energy, and China is ahead of America on fast trains. These high speed trains seem to compete with air travel, and I mean in terms of time taken, airport time included. That's fascinating. I don't see why land acquisition is a problem. The value of land on both sides of the track goes up. Does that not pay for the loss of land? World's Longest High-Speed Rail Line Opens in China the world’s longest high-speed rail line, covering a distance in eight hours that is about equal to that from New York to Key West, Florida, or from London across Europe to Belgrade. .... 186 miles an hour ..... Guangzhou, the main metropolis in southeastern China. Older trains still in service on a parallel rail line take 21 hours; Amtrak trains from New York to Miami, a shorter distance, still take nearly 30 hours. ..... China has resumed rapid construction on one of the world’s largest and most ambitious infrastructure projects, a network of four north-south routes and four east-west routes that span the country. ..... the national network has helped reduce toxic air pollution in Chinese cities and curb demand for imported diesel fuel, by freeing up a lot of capacity on older rail lines for goods to be carried by freight trains instead of heavily polluting, costlier trucks ..... Debt to finance the construction has reached nearly 4 trillion renminbi, or $640 billion, making it one of the most visible reasons total debt has been surging as a share of economic output in China, and approaching levels in the West. ..... the high-speed lines, which haul only passengers ..... The high-speed trains are also considerably more expensive than the heavily subsidized older passenger trains. A second-class seat on the new bullet trains from Beijing to Guangzhou costs 865 renminbi, compared with 426 renminbi for the cheapest bunk on one of the older trains, which also have narrow, uncomfortable seats for as little as 251 renminbi. ....... The first line, from Beijing to Tianjin, opened a week before the 2008 Olympics; a little more than four years later, the country now has 9,349 kilometers, or 5,809 miles, of high-speed lines. ...... a country where four-fifths of new cars are sold to first-time buyers, often with scant driving experience ..... Flights between Beijing and Guangzhou take about three hours and 15 minutes. But air travelers in China need to arrive at least an hour before a flight, compared with 20 minutes for high-speed trains, and the airports tend to be farther from the centers of cities than the high-speed train stations.... Land acquisition is the toughest part of building high-speed rail lines in the West, because the tracks need to be almost perfectly straight ...... the 800-seat trains are often sold out as many as 10 trains in advance on Monday mornings and Friday afternoons, even though the trains travel as often as every four minutes, and even lunchtime trains at midweek are often full as well. Enhanced by Zemanta No comments:
[ 27150, 11, 3426, 2608, 11, 2321, 198, 198, 22968, 1148, 12549, 198, 198, 14581, 318, 4058, 286, 2253, 319, 3424, 2568, 11, 290, 2807, 318, 4058, 286, 2253, 319, 3049, 13404, 13, 2312, 1029, 2866, 13404, 1283, 284, 9320, 351, 1633, 3067, 11, 290, 314, 1612, 287, 2846, 286, 640, 2077, 11, 9003, 640, 3017, 13, 1320, 338, 13899, 13, 198, 198, 40, 836, 470, 766, 1521, 1956, 12673, 318, 257, 1917, 13, 383, 1988, 286, 1956, 319, 1111, 5389, 286, 262, 2610, 2925, 510, 13, 8314, 326, 407, 1414, 329, 262, 2994, 286, 1956, 30, 198, 198, 10603, 338, 5882, 395, 3334, 12, 22785, 12950, 6910, 8670, 641, 287, 2807, 198, 1169, 995, 447, 247, 82, 14069, 1029, 12, 12287, 6787, 1627, 11, 9505, 257, 5253, 287, 3624, 2250, 326, 318, 546, 4961, 284, 326, 422, 968, 1971, 284, 7383, 2688, 11, 4744, 11, 393, 422, 3576, 1973, 2031, 284, 3944, 9526, 13, 19424, 28481, 4608, 281, 1711, 11485, 986, 36980, 38536, 11, 262, 1388, 1138, 25986, 287, 35618, 2807, 13, 35527, 13404, 991, 287, 2139, 319, 257, 10730, 6787, 1627, 1011, 2310, 2250, 26, 49145, 13404, 422, 968, 1971, 284, 8437, 11, 257, 12238, 5253, 11, 991, 1011, 3016, 1542, 2250, 13, 11485, 986, 2807, 468, 28291, 5801, 5103, 319, 530, 286, 262, 995, 447, 247, 82, 4387, 290, 749, 14742, 6884, 4493, 11, 257, 3127, 286, 1440, 5093, 12, 35782, 11926, 290, 1440, 7627, 12, 7038, 11926, 326, 11506, 262, 1499, 13, 11485, 986, 262, 2260, 3127, 468, 4193, 4646, 11422, 1633, 12231, 287, 3999, 4736, 290, 20799, 3512, 329, 17392, 21866, 5252, 11, 416, 35800, 510, 257, 1256, 286, 5339, 319, 4697, 6787, 3951, 329, 7017, 284, 307, 5281, 416, 30724, 13404, 2427, 286, 7272, 3278, 15129, 11, 1575, 2505, 13960, 11485, 986, 30319, 284, 9604, 262, 5103, 468, 4251, 3016, 604, 12989, 8851, 1084, 8482, 11, 393, 720, 31102, 2997, 11, 1642, 340, 530, 286, 262, 749, 7424, 3840, 2472, 5057, 468, 587, 44298, 355, 257, 2648, 286, 3034, 5072, 287, 2807, 11, 290, 13885, 2974, 287, 262, 2688, 13, 11485, 986, 262, 1029, 12, 12287, 3951, 11, 543, 25647, 691, 10405, 11485, 986, 383, 1029, 12, 12287, 13404, 389, 635, 15394, 517, 5789, 621, 262, 7272, 37317, 4697, 11849, 13404, 13, 317, 1218, 12, 4871, 5852, 319, 262, 649, 10492, 13404, 422, 11618, 284, 36980, 38536, 3484, 807, 2996, 8851, 1084, 8482, 11, 3688, 351, 48065, 8851, 1084, 8482, 329, 262, 28918, 36355, 319, 530, 286, 262, 4697, 13404, 11, 543, 635, 423, 7135, 11, 12916, 8632, 329, 355, 1310, 355, 34489, 8851, 1084, 8482, 13, 19424, 986, 383, 717, 1627, 11, 422, 11618, 284, 20834, 18594, 11, 4721, 257, 1285, 878, 262, 3648, 14935, 26, 257, 1310, 517, 621, 1440, 812, 1568, 11, 262, 1499, 783, 468, 860, 11, 27371, 18212, 11, 393, 642, 11, 34583, 4608, 11, 286, 1029, 12, 12287, 3951, 13, 47082, 257, 1499, 810, 1440, 12, 32041, 9998, 286, 649, 5006, 389, 2702, 284, 717, 12, 2435, 14456, 11, 1690, 351, 35183, 5059, 1998, 11485, 986, 1610, 2337, 1022, 11618, 290, 36980, 38536, 1011, 546, 1115, 2250, 290, 1315, 2431, 13, 887, 1633, 23325, 287, 2807, 761, 284, 9240, 379, 1551, 281, 1711, 878, 257, 5474, 11, 3688, 351, 1160, 2431, 329, 1029, 12, 12287, 13404, 11, 290, 262, 22600, 4327, 284, 307, 18485, 422, 262, 10399, 286, 4736, 621, 262, 1029, 12, 12287, 4512, 8985, 1106, 6379, 12673, 318, 262, 28212, 636, 286, 2615, 1029, 12, 12287, 6787, 3951, 287, 262, 2688, 11, 780, 262, 8339, 761, 284, 307, 2048, 7138, 3892, 47082, 262, 10460, 12, 24073, 13404, 389, 1690, 2702, 503, 355, 867, 355, 838, 13404, 287, 5963, 319, 3321, 31143, 290, 3217, 706, 3919, 684, 11, 772, 996, 262, 13404, 3067, 355, 1690, 355, 790, 1440, 2431, 11, 290, 772, 9965, 2435, 13404, 379, 3095, 10464, 389, 1690, 1336, 355, 880, 13, 198, 49026, 416, 1168, 368, 4910, 198, 198, 2949, 3651, 25, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
658
Wednesday, April 24, 2013 I haven't posted in a long time. I've been studying and trying to learn more about number sense and how to teach number sense. I teach older students, and it seems like number sense is either strong or weak in students before they get to me. What can I do to strengthen number sense later in students' academic careers? When a student is in middle school and does not have good number sense, how do we fix it? If we do not build up number sense, all other mathematics learning will be an uphill battle at best. Do I teach these students the skills they should have learned before age 6 or 8 now? How do I go about that without making them feel marginalized? Surely most of them would realize that these are skills that their peers already possess. Number sense is such an important foundation for mathematics that I cannot in good conscience ignore these deficits. How do I build these students in a supportive and nurturing way? I want to show these students that they can succeed. They spend enough time believing that they are stupid. I do not want to add to that. I do, however, want to help them fill in the gaps in their understanding so that they can be successful as soon as possible. I truly believe that if I can build these skills in my students who lack them, they will find success in math classes in general far easier to attain. Am I being naive? Surely it is not "too late" for these kids to get the skills they need. I mean, after all, people can learn to read as adults, so can't I teach a person number sense in middle school? I'm sure going to try. For those of you who might not be sure exactly what I am seeing, I have a few examples. One student, when asked "If I take two-thirds away, how many thirds remain?" had absolutely no clue what the answer was until I drew a picture for him. Another has to count the faces of a cube each time to figure probabilities using dice. He doesn't "just know" that there are six sides on a cube. Students with poor number sense don't really understand that fractions, decimals and percents can all represent the same thing. When changing 6 1/2 into a decimal, I had a student write 6.12. He can't remember that .5 is the same as 1/2. He has to take 1 and divide it by 2 to get the decimal equivalent, and he's not sure enough in his division skills to do that reliably. He has learned some number skills, and memorized some basic facts and procedures for doing basic arithmetic, but it is not at all intuitive to him. When he looks at a problem, he has no idea if the answer should be closer to 2 or 20,000, so he never looks at his answer and thinks, "That doesn't make sense. I must have made a mistake." This is because none of the math makes sense to him. Ok, everybody, I'd love some feedback on this. I would love some strategies for nurturing number sense in older children. I'd love to hear where I'm spot on and where I'm way off base.
[ 27150, 11, 3035, 1987, 11, 2211, 198, 198, 40, 4398, 470, 4481, 287, 257, 890, 640, 13, 314, 1053, 587, 11065, 290, 2111, 284, 2193, 517, 546, 1271, 2565, 290, 703, 284, 4545, 1271, 2565, 13, 314, 4545, 4697, 2444, 11, 290, 340, 2331, 588, 1271, 2565, 318, 2035, 1913, 393, 4939, 287, 2444, 878, 484, 651, 284, 502, 13, 1867, 460, 314, 466, 284, 12160, 1271, 2565, 1568, 287, 2444, 6, 8233, 16179, 30, 1649, 257, 3710, 318, 287, 3504, 1524, 290, 857, 407, 423, 922, 1271, 2565, 11, 703, 466, 356, 4259, 340, 30, 1002, 356, 466, 407, 1382, 510, 1271, 2565, 11, 477, 584, 19473, 4673, 481, 307, 281, 35256, 3344, 379, 1266, 13, 198, 198, 5211, 314, 4545, 777, 2444, 262, 4678, 484, 815, 423, 4499, 878, 2479, 718, 393, 807, 783, 30, 1374, 466, 314, 467, 546, 326, 1231, 1642, 606, 1254, 31670, 30, 28417, 749, 286, 606, 561, 6537, 326, 777, 389, 4678, 326, 511, 14495, 1541, 8588, 13, 7913, 2565, 318, 884, 281, 1593, 8489, 329, 19473, 326, 314, 2314, 287, 922, 18346, 8856, 777, 22729, 13, 1374, 466, 314, 1382, 777, 2444, 287, 257, 16443, 290, 47416, 835, 30, 314, 765, 284, 905, 777, 2444, 326, 484, 460, 6758, 13, 1119, 4341, 1576, 640, 14773, 326, 484, 389, 8531, 13, 314, 466, 407, 765, 284, 751, 284, 326, 13, 314, 466, 11, 2158, 11, 765, 284, 1037, 606, 6070, 287, 262, 17332, 287, 511, 4547, 523, 326, 484, 460, 307, 4388, 355, 2582, 355, 1744, 13, 198, 198, 40, 4988, 1975, 326, 611, 314, 460, 1382, 777, 4678, 287, 616, 2444, 508, 3092, 606, 11, 484, 481, 1064, 1943, 287, 10688, 6097, 287, 2276, 1290, 4577, 284, 18188, 13, 1703, 314, 852, 24354, 30, 28417, 340, 318, 407, 366, 18820, 2739, 1, 329, 777, 3988, 284, 651, 262, 4678, 484, 761, 13, 314, 1612, 11, 706, 477, 11, 661, 460, 2193, 284, 1100, 355, 6490, 11, 523, 460, 470, 314, 4545, 257, 1048, 1271, 2565, 287, 3504, 1524, 30, 314, 1101, 1654, 1016, 284, 1949, 13, 198, 198, 1890, 883, 286, 345, 508, 1244, 407, 307, 1654, 3446, 644, 314, 716, 4379, 11, 314, 423, 257, 1178, 6096, 13, 1881, 3710, 11, 618, 1965, 366, 1532, 314, 1011, 734, 12, 17936, 1497, 11, 703, 867, 41188, 3520, 1701, 550, 5543, 645, 18437, 644, 262, 3280, 373, 1566, 314, 9859, 257, 4286, 329, 683, 13, 6023, 468, 284, 954, 262, 6698, 286, 257, 23441, 1123, 640, 284, 3785, 39522, 1262, 17963, 13, 679, 1595, 470, 366, 3137, 760, 1, 326, 612, 389, 2237, 5389, 319, 257, 23441, 13, 14882, 351, 3595, 1271, 2565, 836, 470, 1107, 1833, 326, 49876, 11, 875, 320, 874, 290, 583, 66, 658, 460, 477, 2380, 262, 976, 1517, 13, 1649, 5609, 718, 352, 14, 17, 656, 257, 32465, 11, 314, 550, 257, 3710, 3551, 718, 13, 1065, 13, 679, 460, 470, 3505, 326, 764, 20, 318, 262, 976, 355, 352, 14, 17, 13, 679, 468, 284, 1011, 352, 290, 14083, 340, 416, 362, 284, 651, 262, 32465, 7548, 11, 290, 339, 338, 407, 1654, 1576, 287, 465, 7297, 4678, 284, 466, 326, 26995, 13, 679, 468, 4499, 617, 1271, 4678, 11, 290, 16181, 1143, 617, 4096, 6419, 290, 9021, 329, 1804, 4096, 34768, 11, 475, 340, 318, 407, 379, 477, 19933, 284, 683, 13, 1649, 339, 3073, 379, 257, 1917, 11, 339, 468, 645, 2126, 611, 262, 3280, 815, 307, 5699, 284, 362, 393, 1160, 11, 830, 11, 523, 339, 1239, 3073, 379, 465, 3280, 290, 6834, 11, 366, 2504, 1595, 470, 787, 2565, 13, 314, 1276, 423, 925, 257, 7457, 526, 770, 318, 780, 4844, 286, 262, 10688, 1838, 2565, 284, 683, 13, 198, 198, 18690, 11, 7288, 11, 314, 1549, 1842, 617, 7538, 319, 428, 13, 314, 561, 1842, 617, 10064, 329, 47416, 1271, 2565, 287, 4697, 1751, 13, 314, 1549, 1842, 284, 3285, 810, 314, 1101, 4136, 319, 290, 810, 314, 1101, 835, 572, 2779, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
662
What is State, Meaning & Definition of State Wed, 02/15/2012 - 07:48 -- Umar Farooq Meaning of State In common parlance State is a country considered as an organized Political community by one government . Some times, a republic or federations forming part of a country are also called states where as they can't be termed as states in political sense. Anyhow when we used the term state in the field of international relation , it has the symbolic sense of signifying the existence of an independent sovereign entity. Definition of State There are some definitions of state given below Willoughby says, state is "where there can be discovered in any community of persons a supreme authority exercising control over the, social actions of individuals and groups of individuals and itself subject to no such regulation." Salmond defines it "a society of men established for the maintenance of order and justice within a determined territory, by way of force." To sum up, we can define state as a society of people politically organized within a definite territory, having its own government with coercive power to enforce obedience and which is free from external control. Unitary and Composite States Independent and dependent states Salient Features of State Functions of the state
[ 2061, 318, 1812, 11, 30563, 1222, 30396, 286, 1812, 198, 198, 19864, 11, 7816, 14, 1314, 14, 6999, 532, 8753, 25, 2780, 1377, 471, 3876, 6755, 2238, 80, 198, 198, 5308, 7574, 286, 1812, 198, 198, 818, 2219, 1582, 23215, 1812, 318, 257, 1499, 3177, 355, 281, 8389, 14611, 2055, 416, 530, 1230, 764, 2773, 1661, 11, 257, 17146, 393, 28062, 602, 14583, 636, 286, 257, 1499, 389, 635, 1444, 2585, 810, 355, 484, 460, 470, 307, 28569, 355, 2585, 287, 1964, 2565, 13, 4377, 4919, 618, 356, 973, 262, 3381, 1181, 287, 262, 2214, 286, 3230, 8695, 837, 340, 468, 262, 18975, 2565, 286, 1051, 4035, 262, 6224, 286, 281, 4795, 18901, 9312, 13, 198, 198, 36621, 286, 1812, 198, 198, 1858, 389, 617, 17336, 286, 1181, 1813, 2174, 198, 198, 8743, 619, 1525, 1139, 11, 1181, 318, 366, 3003, 612, 460, 307, 5071, 287, 597, 2055, 286, 6506, 257, 17700, 4934, 25352, 1630, 625, 262, 11, 1919, 4028, 286, 3925, 290, 2628, 286, 3925, 290, 2346, 2426, 284, 645, 884, 9001, 526, 198, 198, 19221, 6327, 15738, 340, 366, 64, 3592, 286, 1450, 4920, 329, 262, 9262, 286, 1502, 290, 5316, 1626, 257, 5295, 7674, 11, 416, 835, 286, 2700, 526, 198, 198, 2514, 2160, 510, 11, 356, 460, 8160, 1181, 355, 257, 3592, 286, 661, 11889, 8389, 1626, 257, 21892, 7674, 11, 1719, 663, 898, 1230, 351, 47236, 1176, 284, 4605, 28777, 290, 543, 318, 1479, 422, 7097, 1630, 13, 198, 198, 3118, 9331, 290, 49355, 1829, 198, 198, 40566, 290, 10795, 2585, 198, 198, 19221, 1153, 17571, 286, 1812, 198, 198, 24629, 2733, 286, 262, 1181, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
271
Where Did the Money Go? | Wed Jul. 6, 2005 1:25 PM EDT In the London Review of Books, Ed Harriman goes through the audits to tell the broader story of the looting-by-contractor scam that surrounded the reconstruction of Iraq. Notice that most of the money squandered—and we're talking about billions and billions of dollars here—was Iraqi, not American taxpayer, money. All filed under "financial irregularities." Conservatives have spent so many years insisting that government bureaucracies are corrupt, inefficient, and wasteful. They finally decided to get off the couch and prove it in Iraq. Nicely done. And we wonder why they hate us!
[ 8496, 7731, 262, 12911, 1514, 30, 198, 198, 91, 3300, 5979, 13, 718, 11, 5075, 352, 25, 1495, 3122, 15693, 198, 198, 818, 262, 3576, 6602, 286, 13661, 11, 1717, 2113, 3036, 272, 2925, 832, 262, 41973, 284, 1560, 262, 11622, 1621, 286, 262, 39473, 12, 1525, 12, 28484, 273, 19126, 326, 11191, 262, 25056, 286, 3908, 13, 17641, 326, 749, 286, 262, 1637, 2809, 392, 1068, 960, 392, 356, 821, 3375, 546, 13188, 290, 13188, 286, 5054, 994, 960, 9776, 10420, 11, 407, 1605, 14776, 11, 1637, 13, 1439, 5717, 739, 366, 46921, 48302, 526, 198, 198, 9444, 35291, 423, 3377, 523, 867, 812, 23630, 326, 1230, 13515, 13433, 389, 10622, 11, 30904, 11, 290, 45393, 13, 1119, 3443, 3066, 284, 651, 572, 262, 18507, 290, 5879, 340, 287, 3908, 13, 18460, 306, 1760, 13, 843, 356, 4240, 1521, 484, 5465, 514, 0, 198, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
146
Joanna Macy, fully Joanna Rogers Macy Macy, fully Joanna Rogers Macy American Writer, Teacher, Environmental Activist, Scholar of Buddhism, General Systems Theory and Deep Ecology Author Quotes Spiritual traditions have tended to look at the world in four major ways: as a battlefield, as a trap, as a lover, and as the self. The first two - as a stage set for our moral battles or as a prison to escape - are probably familiar, and have in many ways contributed to our lack of care for the world. But what of the other two? Might they shed some useful light on life in an interconnected world? The Dharma wheel, as it turns now, also tells us this: that we don’t have to invent or construct our connections. They already exist. We already and indissolubly belong to each other, for this is the nature of life. So, even in our haste and hurry and occasional discouragement, we belong to each other. We can rest in that knowing, and stop and breathe, and let that breath connect us with the still center of the turning wheel. Everything we do impinges on all beings. The way you are with your child is a political act, and the products you buy and your efforts to recycle are part of it too. So is meditation–just trying to stay aware is a task of tremendous importance. We are trying to be present to ourselves and each other) in a way that can save our planet. Saving life on this planet includes developing a strong, caring connection with future generations; for, in the Dharma of co-arising, we are here to sustain one another over great distances of space and time. It is my experience that the world itself has a role to play in our liberation. Its very pressures, pains, and risks can wake us up -- release us from the bonds of ego and guide us home to our vast, true nature. For some of us, our love of the world is so passionate that we cannot ask it to wait until we are enlightened. Of course, even when you see the world as a trap and posit a fundamental separation between liberation of self and transformation of society, you can still feel a compassionate impulse to help its suffering beings. In that case you tend to view the personal and the political in a sequential fashion. "I'll get enlightened first, and then I'll engage in social action." Those who are not engaged in spiritual pursuits put it differently: "I'll get my head straight first, I'll get psychoanalyzed, I'll overcome my inhibitions or neuroses or my hang-ups (whatever description you give to samsara) and then I'll wade into the fray." Presupposing that world and self are essentially separate, they imagine they can heal one before healing the other. This stance conveys the impression that human consciousness inhabits some haven, or locker-room, independent of the collective situation -- and then trots onto the playing field when it is geared up and ready. We know that we are not limited by the accident of our birth or the timing of it, and we recognize the truth that we have always been around. We can reinhabit time and own our story as a species. We were present back there in the fireball and the rains that streamed down on this still molten planet, and in the primordial seas. We remember that in our mother’s womb, where we wear vestigial gills and tail and fins for hands. We remember that. That information is in us and there is a deep, deep kinship in us, beneath the outer layers of our neocortex or what we learned in school. There is a deep wisdom, a bondedness with our creation, and an ingenuity far beyond what we think we have. And when we expand our notions of what we are to include this story, we will have a wonderful time and we will survive. The heart that breaks open can contain the whole universe. Author Picture First Name Last Name Macy, fully Joanna Rogers Macy Birth Date
[ 9908, 7697, 50048, 11, 3938, 5302, 7697, 15372, 50048, 198, 198, 44, 1590, 11, 3938, 5302, 7697, 15372, 50048, 198, 198, 7437, 26606, 11, 32019, 11, 13272, 13144, 396, 11, 11713, 286, 25932, 11, 3611, 11998, 17003, 290, 10766, 39978, 198, 198, 13838, 2264, 6421, 628, 198, 41910, 723, 15421, 423, 19960, 284, 804, 379, 262, 995, 287, 1440, 1688, 2842, 25, 355, 257, 13480, 11, 355, 257, 12840, 11, 355, 257, 18854, 11, 290, 355, 262, 2116, 13, 383, 717, 734, 532, 355, 257, 3800, 900, 329, 674, 6573, 10181, 393, 355, 257, 3770, 284, 6654, 532, 389, 2192, 5385, 11, 290, 423, 287, 867, 2842, 8639, 284, 674, 3092, 286, 1337, 329, 262, 995, 13, 887, 644, 286, 262, 584, 734, 30, 24213, 484, 14999, 617, 4465, 1657, 319, 1204, 287, 281, 40582, 995, 30, 628, 628, 628, 198, 464, 46707, 7825, 11, 355, 340, 4962, 783, 11, 635, 4952, 514, 428, 25, 326, 356, 836, 447, 247, 83, 423, 284, 8067, 393, 5678, 674, 8787, 13, 1119, 1541, 2152, 13, 775, 1541, 290, 773, 747, 349, 549, 306, 5594, 284, 1123, 584, 11, 329, 428, 318, 262, 3450, 286, 1204, 13, 1406, 11, 772, 287, 674, 36797, 290, 23290, 290, 12209, 15117, 5082, 11, 356, 5594, 284, 1123, 584, 13, 775, 460, 1334, 287, 326, 6970, 11, 290, 2245, 290, 18044, 11, 290, 1309, 326, 8033, 2018, 514, 351, 262, 991, 3641, 286, 262, 6225, 7825, 13, 198, 198, 19693, 356, 466, 848, 26792, 319, 477, 9791, 13, 383, 835, 345, 389, 351, 534, 1200, 318, 257, 1964, 719, 11, 290, 262, 3186, 345, 2822, 290, 534, 4040, 284, 48914, 389, 636, 286, 340, 1165, 13, 1406, 318, 16901, 1906, 3137, 2111, 284, 2652, 3910, 318, 257, 4876, 286, 12465, 6817, 13, 775, 389, 2111, 284, 307, 1944, 284, 6731, 290, 1123, 584, 8, 287, 257, 835, 326, 460, 3613, 674, 5440, 13, 34689, 1204, 319, 428, 5440, 3407, 5922, 257, 1913, 11, 18088, 4637, 351, 2003, 10439, 26, 329, 11, 287, 262, 46707, 286, 763, 12, 283, 1710, 11, 356, 389, 994, 284, 8080, 530, 1194, 625, 1049, 18868, 286, 2272, 290, 640, 13, 628, 628, 198, 198, 1026, 318, 616, 1998, 326, 262, 995, 2346, 468, 257, 2597, 284, 711, 287, 674, 22256, 13, 6363, 845, 18895, 11, 24985, 11, 290, 7476, 460, 7765, 514, 510, 1377, 2650, 514, 422, 262, 13100, 286, 19225, 290, 5698, 514, 1363, 284, 674, 5909, 11, 2081, 3450, 13, 1114, 617, 286, 514, 11, 674, 1842, 286, 262, 995, 318, 523, 15347, 326, 356, 2314, 1265, 340, 284, 4043, 1566, 356, 389, 34964, 13, 198, 198, 5189, 1781, 11, 772, 618, 345, 766, 262, 995, 355, 257, 12840, 290, 46436, 257, 7531, 14139, 1022, 22256, 286, 2116, 290, 13389, 286, 3592, 11, 345, 460, 991, 1254, 257, 32533, 25278, 284, 1037, 663, 7195, 9791, 13, 554, 326, 1339, 345, 4327, 284, 1570, 262, 2614, 290, 262, 1964, 287, 257, 35582, 6977, 13, 366, 40, 1183, 651, 34964, 717, 11, 290, 788, 314, 1183, 8209, 287, 1919, 2223, 526, 5845, 508, 389, 407, 7953, 287, 8557, 45968, 1234, 340, 10338, 25, 366, 40, 1183, 651, 616, 1182, 3892, 717, 11, 314, 1183, 651, 3795, 24611, 3400, 8863, 11, 314, 1183, 10980, 616, 11062, 1756, 393, 7669, 8448, 393, 616, 8181, 12, 4739, 357, 39664, 6764, 345, 1577, 284, 264, 4105, 3301, 8, 290, 788, 314, 1183, 266, 671, 656, 262, 40606, 526, 1763, 7211, 2752, 326, 995, 290, 2116, 389, 6986, 4553, 11, 484, 5967, 484, 460, 12035, 530, 878, 11516, 262, 584, 13, 770, 12046, 24748, 893, 262, 10647, 326, 1692, 10510, 11381, 896, 617, 4398, 11, 393, 17355, 12, 3823, 11, 4795, 286, 262, 10098, 3074, 1377, 290, 788, 4161, 912, 4291, 262, 2712, 2214, 618, 340, 318, 31394, 510, 290, 3492, 13, 198, 198, 1135, 760, 326, 356, 389, 407, 3614, 416, 262, 5778, 286, 674, 4082, 393, 262, 10576, 286, 340, 11, 290, 356, 7564, 262, 3872, 326, 356, 423, 1464, 587, 1088, 13, 775, 460, 6865, 5976, 270, 640, 290, 898, 674, 1621, 355, 257, 4693, 13, 775, 547, 1944, 736, 612, 287, 262, 46816, 290, 262, 29424, 326, 35377, 866, 319, 428, 991, 44030, 5440, 11, 290, 287, 262, 2684, 31223, 21547, 13, 775, 3505, 326, 287, 674, 2802, 447, 247, 82, 31514, 11, 810, 356, 5806, 19750, 328, 498, 308, 2171, 290, 7894, 290, 42080, 329, 2832, 13, 775, 3505, 326, 13, 1320, 1321, 318, 287, 514, 290, 612, 318, 257, 2769, 11, 2769, 45338, 1056, 287, 514, 11, 11061, 262, 12076, 11685, 286, 674, 29938, 26158, 393, 644, 356, 4499, 287, 1524, 13, 1318, 318, 257, 2769, 11501, 11, 257, 40270, 1108, 351, 674, 6282, 11, 290, 281, 45207, 1290, 3675, 644, 356, 892, 356, 423, 13, 843, 618, 356, 4292, 674, 26226, 286, 644, 356, 389, 284, 2291, 428, 1621, 11, 356, 481, 423, 257, 7932, 640, 290, 356, 481, 7866, 13, 198, 198, 464, 2612, 326, 9457, 1280, 460, 3994, 262, 2187, 6881, 13, 628, 198, 13838, 17741, 198, 5962, 6530, 198, 5956, 6530, 198, 44, 1590, 11, 3938, 5302, 7697, 15372, 50048, 198, 38480, 7536, 198, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
858
However, some cavity treatments could curb or prevent cavities, one of which is regular medical checkups. With a constant medical attention, tooth cavity and other dental conditions can be easily identified before they can cause any harm. Furthermore, it is best to seek immediate dental treatment to avoid further tooth complications. Dental treatment is mostly dependent on the severity of the tooth situation. Below we shall see some treatment options. Treatments through fluoride Perhaps your cavity is at its earliest stage, a fluoride treatment would be very appropriate to reinstate your dead tooth enamel. The best form of fluoride treatment could be liquid, gel, varnish, or foam that is placed in a tiny tray that fits over the teeth. Fluoride could also be from toothpaste, tap water, and mouth wash. Restoration is also called in filling. This is the major treatment administered when tooth decay has advanced from the primary stage. Fillings can be made of numerous components, such as porcelain and tooth-colored composite resins. Custom fitted cover The custom fitted cover is called the crowns. It is placed on a weak dental cavity or more advanced decay teeth. The crown replaces the tooth’s normal crown, and the dentist near me makes sure the decayed areas are properly drilled to enable the crown to fit it. Crowns are usually made of gold, resin, or high strength porcelain. Root canal This is mostly needed when the decay gets to the pulp of the teeth. This dental treatment can remedy a badly damaged tooth in place of removing it. Tooth removal Some times, teeth become badly decayed such that they can’t be remedied. At this point, it is necessary they are removed. However, a moved tooth can cause a gap that could make your teeth shift. It’s best at this point to get a dental implant to replace the moved tooth. Stages Of Tooth Decay Symptoms Sever toothache: this is a serious continuous pain or an occasional pain on the dental cavity that makes you restless. Tooth sensation: this when you feel some sort of pain in the teeth while eating or drinking cold, sweet, and hot substances. Abnormal spots: When you notice an abnormal brown, grey, or black spots on the tooth. Foul breath: when you have bad breath, it’s a symptom to look out for oral health. Types Of Teeth Cavities There are three basic types of teeth cavity they include Root cavities: this type of decay mostly affects the root of the tooth, and it is very common in adults who are likely to have recession gum disorder. Pit and fissures cavities: this is mostly located in the rear part of the molars, which is the chewing part of the teeth. Smooth surface cavities: this could be seen by the sides of the mouth, and they also affect the flat exterior part of the teeth. Faqs About Tooth Decay Treatment How does tooth decay occur, and how does fluoride help? There are several ways dental decay can occur in our teeth. Without brushing your teeth properly, food particles can be trapped in between your teeth and cause tooth decay. It could also be caused by bacteria or loss of tooth minerals essential to keeping the teeth strong and healthy. Beverages, high intake of sugary food such as carbohydrate food, and sticky food particles are the basic causes of tooth decay. However, fluoride helps the tooth to be free from decay by drinking water that contains fluoride and the use of fluoride tooth paste. Once the fluoride goes into your mouth mixed with saliva, calcium, and phosphate, it can fight and prevent cavities and tooth decay. Do dental sealants actually cause many cavities? Dental sealants technically don’t cause cavities. It is important to take note of them as they age. This is because, over time, the connection between the tooth and the sealant becomes visible. This visibility however, can create another kind of uncleansable fissure where bacteria could gather and cause a dental cavity.  The sealants are placed on the teeth to convert tough dirt to grooves and fissures. Thus these bacterias can be easily eradicated with the toothbrush. Therefore dental sealants are credited for being one of the best ways of preventing tooth decay in kids. What are some of the ways to prevent and cure dental cavities? Tooth decay is one of the dominant dental diseases amongst adult and children. The decay begins as a result of the worn out of the tooth enamel, which leads to holes in the teeth that causes cavities. However, Dental cavity can be prevented and cured through the following ways. Always brush the teeth at least twice daily. This is a simple routine that should not be ignored to prevent cavities. Preferably it’s advisable to brush in the morning after a meal and at night before bedtime. Floss and clean between your teeth daily for a complete brush. With good floss, crevices too tiny for the bristle of your brush can be reached and flushed out. It is important to keep a clean mouth and prevent gum disease that could cause tooth decay. Brush daily with fluoride toothpaste. This helps to enhance the tooth enamel in fighting tooth decay. While brushing don’t forget to pay attention to the tongue as well, as bacterias can also hide there to cause a cavity. Reduce your intake of sugary food. Sticky, Starchy, and sugary foods are some of the major causes of a tooth cavity.  To prevent it, it’s important we reduce our intake of sugar content foods. So the Silva doesn’t react with the bacteria in the saliva to form an acid that could cause the tooth enamel to decay. It’s also appropriate to brush our teeth after eating a sickly food. Pay a visit to your dentist every six months. It is very important to keep your teeth gum in check always. Regular cleaning and check up on the teeth will make your teeth healthy and cavity free. Dentist In Houston Near Me Are you asking, what is the best dentist in Houston near me? If so, you’re about to find out At Edge Dental Houston, we provide the best tooth decay treatment with maximum dental care. Our dental offices are fully equipped with advanced technological equipment to meet your most effective and operative tooth decay dental needs. You can’t get it wrong with us, at Edge Dental Houston clinics we provide an exceptional cavity treatment that would make you live healthy and strong. You can locate us within your neighborhood and book for an appointment and say goodbyes to that tooth decay problem.
[ 198, 198, 4864, 11, 617, 31643, 13820, 714, 20799, 393, 2948, 22357, 871, 11, 530, 286, 543, 318, 3218, 3315, 2198, 4739, 13, 2080, 257, 6937, 3315, 3241, 11, 16162, 31643, 290, 584, 22727, 3403, 460, 307, 3538, 5174, 878, 484, 460, 2728, 597, 4419, 13, 11399, 11, 340, 318, 1266, 284, 5380, 7103, 22727, 3513, 284, 3368, 2252, 16162, 19481, 13, 360, 2470, 3513, 318, 4632, 10795, 319, 262, 19440, 286, 262, 16162, 3074, 13, 10383, 356, 2236, 766, 617, 3513, 3689, 13, 198, 198, 51, 630, 902, 832, 40311, 198, 198, 13710, 534, 31643, 318, 379, 663, 14555, 3800, 11, 257, 40311, 3513, 561, 307, 845, 5035, 284, 6865, 5219, 534, 2636, 16162, 551, 17983, 13, 383, 1266, 1296, 286, 40311, 3513, 714, 307, 8122, 11, 20383, 11, 1401, 77, 680, 11, 393, 19828, 326, 318, 4624, 287, 257, 7009, 26473, 326, 11414, 625, 262, 9941, 13, 34070, 273, 485, 714, 635, 307, 422, 16162, 34274, 11, 9814, 1660, 11, 290, 5422, 13502, 13, 628, 198, 19452, 6944, 318, 635, 1444, 287, 12591, 13, 770, 318, 262, 1688, 3513, 17169, 618, 16162, 22119, 468, 6190, 422, 262, 4165, 3800, 13, 27845, 654, 460, 307, 925, 286, 6409, 6805, 11, 884, 355, 16964, 5276, 391, 290, 16162, 12, 25717, 24185, 581, 1040, 13, 198, 198, 15022, 18235, 3002, 198, 198, 464, 2183, 18235, 3002, 318, 1444, 262, 12389, 82, 13, 632, 318, 4624, 319, 257, 4939, 22727, 31643, 393, 517, 6190, 22119, 9941, 13, 383, 12389, 24020, 262, 16162, 447, 247, 82, 3487, 12389, 11, 290, 262, 38408, 1474, 502, 1838, 1654, 262, 875, 16548, 3006, 389, 6105, 34936, 284, 7139, 262, 12389, 284, 4197, 340, 13, 12223, 82, 389, 3221, 925, 286, 3869, 11, 36536, 11, 393, 1029, 4202, 16964, 5276, 391, 13, 198, 198, 30016, 29365, 198, 198, 1212, 318, 4632, 2622, 618, 262, 22119, 3011, 284, 262, 38341, 286, 262, 9941, 13, 770, 22727, 3513, 460, 21210, 257, 11234, 9694, 16162, 287, 1295, 286, 10829, 340, 13, 198, 198, 2514, 849, 9934, 198, 198, 4366, 1661, 11, 9941, 1716, 11234, 875, 16548, 884, 326, 484, 460, 447, 247, 83, 307, 20100, 798, 13, 1629, 428, 966, 11, 340, 318, 3306, 484, 389, 4615, 13, 2102, 11, 257, 3888, 16162, 460, 2728, 257, 7625, 326, 714, 787, 534, 9941, 6482, 13, 632, 447, 247, 82, 1266, 379, 428, 966, 284, 651, 257, 22727, 29016, 284, 6330, 262, 3888, 16162, 13, 198, 198, 1273, 1095, 3226, 46380, 39087, 49559, 198, 198, 50, 964, 16162, 4891, 25, 428, 318, 257, 2726, 12948, 2356, 393, 281, 12209, 2356, 319, 262, 22727, 31643, 326, 1838, 345, 42537, 13, 198, 198, 2514, 849, 18098, 25, 428, 618, 345, 1254, 617, 3297, 286, 2356, 287, 262, 9941, 981, 6600, 393, 7722, 4692, 11, 6029, 11, 290, 3024, 15938, 13, 198, 198, 4826, 11265, 10222, 25, 1649, 345, 4003, 281, 18801, 7586, 11, 13791, 11, 393, 2042, 10222, 319, 262, 16162, 13, 198, 198, 37, 2852, 8033, 25, 618, 345, 423, 2089, 8033, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 257, 25993, 284, 804, 503, 329, 12886, 1535, 13, 198, 198, 31431, 3226, 1665, 2788, 19931, 871, 198, 198, 1858, 389, 1115, 4096, 3858, 286, 9941, 31643, 484, 2291, 198, 198, 30016, 22357, 871, 25, 428, 2099, 286, 22119, 4632, 10975, 262, 6808, 286, 262, 16162, 11, 290, 340, 318, 845, 2219, 287, 6490, 508, 389, 1884, 284, 423, 16457, 27142, 8967, 13, 198, 198, 47, 270, 290, 277, 747, 942, 22357, 871, 25, 428, 318, 4632, 5140, 287, 262, 8286, 636, 286, 262, 285, 7828, 11, 543, 318, 262, 36615, 636, 286, 262, 9941, 13, 198, 198, 7556, 5226, 4417, 22357, 871, 25, 428, 714, 307, 1775, 416, 262, 5389, 286, 262, 5422, 11, 290, 484, 635, 2689, 262, 6228, 20897, 636, 286, 262, 9941, 13, 198, 198, 37, 30188, 82, 7994, 46380, 39087, 21415, 198, 198, 2437, 857, 16162, 22119, 3051, 11, 290, 703, 857, 40311, 1037, 30, 198, 198, 1858, 389, 1811, 2842, 22727, 22119, 460, 3051, 287, 674, 9941, 13, 9170, 42798, 534, 9941, 6105, 11, 2057, 13166, 460, 307, 13640, 287, 1022, 534, 9941, 290, 2728, 16162, 22119, 13, 632, 714, 635, 307, 4073, 416, 11492, 393, 2994, 286, 16162, 21622, 6393, 284, 5291, 262, 9941, 1913, 290, 5448, 13, 22185, 1095, 11, 1029, 10337, 286, 424, 14849, 2057, 884, 355, 28205, 2057, 11, 290, 23408, 2057, 13166, 389, 262, 4096, 5640, 286, 16162, 22119, 13, 2102, 11, 40311, 5419, 262, 16162, 284, 307, 1479, 422, 22119, 416, 7722, 1660, 326, 4909, 40311, 290, 262, 779, 286, 40311, 16162, 17008, 13, 4874, 262, 40311, 2925, 656, 534, 5422, 7668, 351, 40333, 11, 19700, 11, 290, 46926, 11, 340, 460, 1907, 290, 2948, 22357, 871, 290, 16162, 22119, 13, 198, 198, 5211, 22727, 13810, 1187, 1682, 2728, 867, 22357, 871, 30, 198, 198, 35, 2470, 13810, 1187, 14497, 836, 447, 247, 83, 2728, 22357, 871, 13, 632, 318, 1593, 284, 1011, 3465, 286, 606, 355, 484, 2479, 13, 770, 318, 780, 11, 625, 640, 11, 262, 4637, 1022, 262, 16162, 290, 262, 13810, 415, 4329, 7424, 13, 770, 20742, 2158, 11, 460, 2251, 1194, 1611, 286, 7711, 504, 540, 277, 747, 495, 810, 11492, 714, 6431, 290, 2728, 257, 22727, 31643, 13, 220, 1849, 464, 13810, 1187, 389, 4624, 319, 262, 9941, 284, 10385, 5802, 13647, 284, 7128, 5241, 290, 277, 747, 942, 13, 6660, 777, 19241, 4448, 460, 307, 3538, 23011, 3474, 351, 262, 16162, 32680, 13, 198, 198, 26583, 22727, 13810, 1187, 389, 18141, 329, 852, 530, 286, 262, 1266, 2842, 286, 12174, 16162, 22119, 287, 3988, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 389, 617, 286, 262, 2842, 284, 2948, 290, 13996, 22727, 22357, 871, 30, 198, 198, 2514, 849, 22119, 318, 530, 286, 262, 11410, 22727, 10040, 12077, 4044, 290, 1751, 13, 383, 22119, 6140, 355, 257, 1255, 286, 262, 12666, 503, 286, 262, 16162, 551, 17983, 11, 543, 5983, 284, 10421, 287, 262, 9941, 326, 5640, 22357, 871, 13, 2102, 11, 360, 2470, 31643, 460, 307, 13351, 290, 30703, 832, 262, 1708, 2842, 13, 198, 198, 30374, 14093, 262, 9941, 379, 1551, 5403, 4445, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 318, 257, 2829, 8027, 326, 815, 407, 307, 9514, 284, 2948, 22357, 871, 13, 3771, 2232, 1346, 340, 447, 247, 82, 46511, 284, 14093, 287, 262, 3329, 706, 257, 9799, 290, 379, 1755, 878, 3996, 2435, 13, 198, 198, 7414, 793, 290, 3424, 1022, 534, 9941, 4445, 329, 257, 1844, 14093, 13, 198, 198, 3152, 922, 781, 793, 11, 1126, 85, 1063, 1165, 7009, 329, 262, 865, 12535, 286, 534, 14093, 460, 307, 4251, 290, 44869, 503, 13, 632, 318, 1593, 284, 1394, 257, 3424, 5422, 290, 2948, 27142, 4369, 326, 714, 2728, 16162, 22119, 13, 198, 198, 9414, 1530, 4445, 351, 40311, 16162, 34274, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 5419, 284, 9494, 262, 16162, 551, 17983, 287, 4330, 16162, 22119, 13, 2893, 42798, 836, 447, 247, 83, 6044, 284, 1414, 3241, 284, 262, 11880, 355, 880, 11, 355, 19241, 4448, 460, 635, 7808, 612, 284, 2728, 257, 31643, 13, 198, 198, 7738, 7234, 534, 10337, 286, 424, 14849, 2057, 13, 198, 198, 1273, 17479, 11, 520, 9282, 11, 290, 424, 14849, 9013, 389, 617, 286, 262, 1688, 5640, 286, 257, 16162, 31643, 13, 220, 1849, 2514, 2948, 340, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 1593, 356, 4646, 674, 10337, 286, 7543, 2695, 9013, 13, 1406, 262, 23720, 1595, 447, 247, 83, 6324, 351, 262, 11492, 287, 262, 40333, 284, 1296, 281, 7408, 326, 714, 2728, 262, 16162, 551, 17983, 284, 22119, 13, 632, 447, 247, 82, 635, 5035, 284, 14093, 674, 9941, 706, 6600, 257, 6639, 306, 2057, 13, 198, 198, 19197, 257, 3187, 284, 534, 38408, 790, 2237, 1933, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 318, 845, 1593, 284, 1394, 534, 9941, 27142, 287, 2198, 1464, 13, 23603, 12724, 290, 2198, 510, 319, 262, 9941, 481, 787, 534, 9941, 5448, 290, 31643, 1479, 13, 198, 198, 35, 298, 396, 554, 6995, 20173, 2185, 198, 198, 8491, 345, 4737, 11, 644, 318, 262, 1266, 38408, 287, 6995, 1474, 502, 30, 198, 198, 1532, 523, 11, 345, 447, 247, 260, 546, 284, 1064, 503, 1629, 13113, 360, 2470, 6995, 11, 356, 2148, 262, 1266, 16162, 22119, 3513, 351, 5415, 22727, 1337, 13, 3954, 22727, 9730, 389, 3938, 10911, 351, 6190, 14614, 5112, 284, 1826, 534, 749, 4050, 290, 28609, 16162, 22119, 22727, 2476, 13, 198, 198, 1639, 460, 447, 247, 83, 651, 340, 2642, 351, 514, 11, 379, 13113, 360, 2470, 6995, 21434, 356, 2148, 281, 15313, 31643, 3513, 326, 561, 787, 345, 2107, 5448, 290, 1913, 13, 921, 460, 17276, 514, 1626, 534, 6232, 290, 1492, 329, 281, 12557, 290, 910, 922, 1525, 274, 284, 326, 16162, 22119, 1917, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,446
Hello, I'm Llanos. Professionally, I'm an accomplished visual designer who has led major redesigns for companies such as TripAdvisor, Capital One, Walmart, Microsoft and now Google. I'm currently the lead visual designer on the Google Play team set to embark on many beautiful projects within the world of design. Personally, I hold a Brown-Belt in the art of Jiu-Jitsu – I love animals, music and I'm an obsessed Yankee baseball-fan. Also, I can go to the movies every single day and never get board of it. Lastly, humility, empathy and respect for others will always continue to shape the human I am. Back to Top
[ 15496, 11, 314, 1101, 406, 9620, 418, 13, 198, 198, 15404, 2521, 453, 11, 314, 1101, 281, 13013, 5874, 11915, 508, 468, 2957, 1688, 27135, 82, 329, 2706, 884, 355, 18383, 2782, 13131, 11, 9747, 1881, 11, 20355, 11, 5413, 290, 783, 1849, 11708, 13, 314, 1101, 3058, 262, 1085, 5874, 11915, 319, 262, 3012, 3811, 1074, 900, 284, 21030, 319, 867, 4950, 4493, 1626, 262, 995, 286, 1486, 13, 198, 198, 42322, 11, 1849, 40, 1745, 257, 4373, 12, 33, 2120, 287, 262, 1242, 286, 1849, 41, 16115, 12, 41, 19831, 784, 1849, 40, 1842, 4695, 11, 2647, 290, 1849, 40, 1101, 281, 21366, 36514, 9283, 12, 24408, 13, 4418, 11, 314, 460, 467, 284, 262, 6918, 790, 2060, 1110, 290, 1239, 651, 3096, 286, 340, 13, 198, 198, 37511, 11, 34935, 11, 21452, 290, 2461, 329, 1854, 1849, 10594, 1464, 2555, 284, 5485, 1849, 1169, 1692, 314, 716, 13, 628, 198, 7282, 284, 5849, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
157
Immigration Under INS, Immigration Under USCIS Before 2003, most administrative tasks related to US immigration were handled by the INS (the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service). After the attacks of September 11, 2001, in New York, the INS came under some criticism after it was revealed that many of the attackers were in the US on legal visas and had overstayed those visas. According to Time magazine, 13 out of the 19 attackers involved in the September 11 attacks entered the US on student, tourist, and business visas and overstayed their visas. In fact, Time reported that of the 7 million people entering the US on visas, about 3 million of them violated the terms of their visas by staying longer than authorized as of 2001. The problem was worse because the INS had about 2000 enforcement agents in 2001 to monitor an estimated 6 million undocumented US citizens. Worse, many INS agents did not have access to federal crime databases and interaction between INS and law enforcement varied, so that information was not widely shared. The INS was overseen by the US Justice department and its focus was naturalization and the services the average immigrant would need. Directly as a result of the 2001 attacks, the US immigration system received a major overhaul. A part of that overhaul resulted in the end of the INS. Instead, US immigration services were taken over by the USCIS (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services). The USCIS was created in March 2003 and even today the USCIS is part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The link with the DHS ensures that part of the role is not just to offer immigration services but also to focus on security. Separate agencies were created under the DHS to take care of immigration enforcement and border security. This ensured that the USCIS was free to focus on the administration of US immigration services while a much larger group of professionals could focus on any violations of immigrant laws in the US. The creation of the USCIS also led to more information sharing and the creation of better databases about immigration. Now, law enforcement and immigration officials work together and share information to keep the US safe. As well, new rules under the USCIS ensure that there are stricter controls for immigrants. An immigrant must notify the USCIS about changes of address, for example, and employers and schools are required to keep information about immigrants on work and student visas to ensure that these visitors do not overstay their authorization or violate the terms of their visas.
[ 24675, 4254, 4698, 29194, 11, 18204, 4698, 18928, 1797, 198, 198, 8421, 5816, 11, 749, 11553, 8861, 3519, 284, 1294, 6272, 547, 12118, 416, 262, 29194, 357, 1169, 1578, 1829, 18204, 290, 12068, 1634, 4809, 737, 2293, 262, 3434, 286, 2693, 1367, 11, 5878, 11, 287, 968, 1971, 11, 262, 29194, 1625, 739, 617, 7734, 706, 340, 373, 4602, 326, 867, 286, 262, 16391, 547, 287, 262, 1294, 319, 2742, 23727, 290, 550, 625, 301, 16548, 883, 23727, 13, 4784, 284, 3862, 7093, 11, 1511, 503, 286, 262, 678, 16391, 2950, 287, 262, 2693, 1367, 3434, 5982, 262, 1294, 319, 3710, 11, 18473, 11, 290, 1597, 23727, 290, 625, 301, 16548, 511, 23727, 13, 554, 1109, 11, 3862, 2098, 326, 286, 262, 767, 1510, 661, 8218, 262, 1294, 319, 23727, 11, 546, 513, 1510, 286, 606, 13998, 262, 2846, 286, 511, 23727, 416, 10589, 2392, 621, 10435, 355, 286, 5878, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1917, 373, 4785, 780, 262, 29194, 550, 546, 4751, 5394, 6554, 287, 5878, 284, 5671, 281, 6108, 718, 1510, 21829, 1294, 4290, 13, 36855, 11, 867, 29194, 6554, 750, 407, 423, 1895, 284, 2717, 4065, 20083, 290, 10375, 1022, 29194, 290, 1099, 5394, 15641, 11, 523, 326, 1321, 373, 407, 6768, 4888, 13, 198, 198, 464, 29194, 373, 43097, 416, 262, 1294, 4796, 5011, 290, 663, 2962, 373, 3288, 1634, 290, 262, 2594, 262, 2811, 15773, 561, 761, 13, 4128, 306, 355, 257, 1255, 286, 262, 5878, 3434, 11, 262, 1294, 6272, 1080, 2722, 257, 1688, 18708, 13, 317, 636, 286, 326, 18708, 8724, 287, 262, 886, 286, 262, 29194, 13, 5455, 11, 1294, 6272, 2594, 547, 2077, 625, 416, 262, 18928, 1797, 357, 52, 13, 50, 13, 47002, 290, 18204, 6168, 737, 383, 18928, 1797, 373, 2727, 287, 2805, 5816, 290, 772, 1909, 262, 18928, 1797, 318, 636, 286, 262, 2732, 286, 17444, 4765, 357, 35, 7998, 737, 383, 2792, 351, 262, 29987, 19047, 326, 636, 286, 262, 2597, 318, 407, 655, 284, 2897, 6272, 2594, 475, 635, 284, 2962, 319, 2324, 13, 198, 198, 19117, 30748, 5942, 547, 2727, 739, 262, 29987, 284, 1011, 1337, 286, 6272, 5394, 290, 4865, 2324, 13, 770, 30169, 326, 262, 18928, 1797, 373, 1479, 284, 2962, 319, 262, 3662, 286, 1294, 6272, 2594, 981, 257, 881, 4025, 1448, 286, 11153, 714, 2962, 319, 597, 11734, 286, 15773, 3657, 287, 262, 1294, 13, 198, 198, 464, 6282, 286, 262, 18928, 1797, 635, 2957, 284, 517, 1321, 7373, 290, 262, 6282, 286, 1365, 20083, 546, 6272, 13, 2735, 11, 1099, 5394, 290, 6272, 2828, 670, 1978, 290, 2648, 1321, 284, 1394, 262, 1294, 3338, 13, 1081, 880, 11, 649, 3173, 739, 262, 18928, 1797, 4155, 326, 612, 389, 36602, 6973, 329, 7971, 13, 1052, 15773, 1276, 19361, 262, 18928, 1797, 546, 2458, 286, 2209, 11, 329, 1672, 11, 290, 11390, 290, 4266, 389, 2672, 284, 1394, 1321, 546, 7971, 319, 670, 290, 3710, 23727, 284, 4155, 326, 777, 9692, 466, 407, 625, 31712, 511, 19601, 393, 16967, 262, 2846, 286, 511, 23727, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
504
Falling on your crotch is funny, when it's in a video game. So is dying multiple times over for no apparent reason. Achievement Hunter hosts a separate YouTube channel, called Game Fails, that they fill with random deaths, glitches, and outright outrageous instances in all sorts of games. It can sometimes be hit or miss. But that's why I love when they do roundups of the best of the year, or, say, the best of April 2013. You can watch their compilation above, but be wary of the number 1 fail of last month, cause it's a little NSFW. If you've got favorites to add, show 'em down below.
[ 37, 9221, 319, 534, 45885, 318, 8258, 11, 618, 340, 338, 287, 257, 2008, 983, 13, 1406, 318, 9950, 3294, 1661, 625, 329, 645, 4156, 1738, 13, 198, 198, 32, 24957, 434, 9055, 11453, 257, 4553, 7444, 6518, 11, 1444, 3776, 376, 1768, 11, 326, 484, 6070, 351, 4738, 7040, 11, 43705, 11, 290, 15828, 23077, 10245, 287, 477, 10524, 286, 1830, 13, 632, 460, 3360, 307, 2277, 393, 2051, 13, 887, 326, 338, 1521, 314, 1842, 618, 484, 466, 2835, 4739, 286, 262, 1266, 286, 262, 614, 11, 393, 11, 910, 11, 262, 1266, 286, 3035, 2211, 13, 198, 198, 1639, 460, 2342, 511, 23340, 2029, 11, 475, 307, 23300, 286, 262, 1271, 352, 2038, 286, 938, 1227, 11, 2728, 340, 338, 257, 1310, 10896, 24160, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 1053, 1392, 18852, 284, 751, 11, 905, 705, 368, 866, 2174, 13, 198, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
146
Readers Questions… The Tarot Answers… The first reader asks: The markets continue to slide for the sixth day in a row. When will the bleeding end? When do you forsee a day when all stock indexes (DOW, NASDAQ, S&P) are up? Well I asked the Tarot if the markets would be up next week? The answer: Yes. I started having a much better feeling tonight. We’ll see some steps taken here and over seas to change the path of the markets, and they will rally toward the mid-end of the week. Probably Wednesday, Thursday, Friday.  But don’t get your hopes up too high. I asked if the markets would continue to go down? The changes that are coming next week will help, but my feeling is we are going to be on a seriously crazy roller coaster ride until it all explodes in December. So next week will look better and then things will get wonky again. So take advantage of the small upturn coming. The second reader: Could you please tell me your feelings about these 2 stocks? I would really appreciate it. WB- Wachovia Corporation and JPM-JPMorgan Chase & Co. I asked the cards if you should sell Wachovia right now: The answer: Maybe. I hate when the tarot does this. Here’s the deal, there will be some good news coming up about this stock, they are going to go into hiding for a while and regroup. Their leadership was wonky and the change over will be difficult, but there are some good people coming on board to help them. I would say, use your intuition. This stock will not fold right now, you have at the very least a few months to figure it out. Right now is not ideal. You are really going to have to pay attention to get out at a good time unless you want to wait. For more clarification, I asked will this new version of Wachovia still be around in the next few years? The answer: So it looks like you might want to find a decent time to sell over the next few months. It seems that for all the good intentions there are deep rooted problems, secrets, and seriously bad business decisions that can not be reversed. JP Morgan Chase: I was seeing a down turn and asked the cards if it was going to continue or go that direction in the immediate future. The Answer: No  But here’s the weird part I also got the feeling that they would go under and asked about that and it came up: Yes. It seems to me they will do OK right now, seem stable compared to a lot of other banks, but around March of 09 you’ll start to see things shift, some bad news, some bad decisions. They’ll try to merge with another company and that will end up killing them. So I would say based on this, you might want to try to find a point when they are up and take advantage of getting out. There is a possiblity that they will merge with the other company and be absorbed by them which is why the death card comes up, but I’m not a financial expert so I don’t know what that means in terms of your stock. If another company gets ownership of JP Morgan and dissolves them into this other company, I don’t know what reprucussions if any that would have but you probably do. So, basically it will ultimately be a better more stable company and if your stock still applies to that situation then you should sit on it.  Sorry, I’m not an economist. I don’t understand the finer points of how the stock market works. I wish I could give you more precise info, but basically JP Morgan is OK for now and will merge or be bought out by someone better next year, probably in about 6 months, but you’ll see rumblings of problems in about 3 months or around March of 09. Hope that helped. Good luck and best wishes. Readers Questions… The Tarot Answers… 3 thoughts on “Readers Questions… The Tarot Answers… 1. curious123 says: I have been watching the news coverage of McCain/Palin rallies and I can’t believe all the hatred especially from some of the African American people. It leaves me uncomfortable as a black person. Literally, the feeling I have is down right sick to my stomach. Why are people negative about Barack Obama? I understand having a difference in views and opinions but HATE…why? I am not for Obama because he is black. I’m for Obama because of his policies and the sense of his character. Like I’ve said before, I feel something about him that is different and honest and feel he is for the people. I would encourage any candidate if I felt the same way about him. I don’t understand why McCain is encouraging this hate by speaking the way he does at these rallies. McCain is not speaking about the issues important to me and the policies he has I don’t agree with. But, I don’t wish him harm or hate. I just won’t vote for him…that’s all. Karma has to come and take care of McCain/Palin. All this negative energy is unbelievable…it too much. I’m not naive, believe me, I know racism but come on. I don’t see any democrats yelling out ignorance…why do republicans? Yes, Obama is a bi-racial. Yes, he has a Kenyan name. Ok, let’s move on! 2. Celli says: Much thanks for posting your guidance in these troubling times. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
[ 5569, 364, 20396, 1399, 383, 14110, 313, 1849, 2025, 37848, 1399, 198, 198, 464, 717, 9173, 7893, 25, 198, 198, 464, 5939, 2555, 284, 10649, 329, 262, 11695, 1110, 287, 257, 5752, 13, 1649, 481, 262, 16832, 886, 30, 1649, 466, 345, 329, 3826, 257, 1110, 618, 477, 4283, 39199, 357, 35, 3913, 11, 7210, 46640, 11, 311, 5, 47, 8, 389, 510, 30, 198, 198, 5779, 314, 1965, 262, 14110, 313, 611, 262, 5939, 561, 307, 510, 1306, 1285, 30, 198, 198, 464, 3280, 25, 3363, 13, 198, 198, 40, 2067, 1719, 257, 881, 1365, 4203, 9975, 13, 775, 447, 247, 297, 766, 617, 4831, 2077, 994, 290, 625, 21547, 284, 1487, 262, 3108, 286, 262, 5939, 11, 290, 484, 481, 7903, 3812, 262, 3095, 12, 437, 286, 262, 1285, 13, 18578, 3583, 11, 3635, 11, 3217, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 1537, 836, 447, 247, 83, 651, 534, 7176, 510, 1165, 1029, 13, 314, 1965, 611, 262, 5939, 561, 2555, 284, 467, 866, 30, 628, 198, 464, 2458, 326, 389, 2406, 1306, 1285, 481, 1037, 11, 475, 616, 4203, 318, 356, 389, 1016, 284, 307, 319, 257, 6411, 7165, 24471, 42450, 6594, 1566, 340, 477, 38711, 287, 3426, 13, 1406, 1306, 1285, 481, 804, 1365, 290, 788, 1243, 481, 651, 1839, 2584, 757, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 1011, 4621, 286, 262, 1402, 18529, 700, 2406, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1218, 9173, 25, 198, 198, 23722, 345, 3387, 1560, 502, 534, 7666, 546, 777, 362, 14420, 30, 314, 561, 1107, 9144, 340, 13, 36245, 12, 370, 620, 709, 544, 10501, 290, 40145, 12, 41, 5868, 9971, 16346, 1222, 1766, 13, 198, 198, 40, 1965, 262, 4116, 611, 345, 815, 3677, 370, 620, 709, 544, 826, 783, 25, 198, 198, 464, 3280, 25, 198, 198, 13300, 13, 314, 5465, 618, 262, 13422, 313, 857, 428, 13, 3423, 447, 247, 82, 262, 1730, 11, 612, 481, 307, 617, 922, 1705, 2406, 510, 546, 428, 4283, 11, 484, 389, 1016, 284, 467, 656, 11816, 329, 257, 981, 290, 842, 3233, 13, 5334, 5531, 373, 1839, 2584, 290, 262, 1487, 625, 481, 307, 2408, 11, 475, 612, 389, 617, 922, 661, 2406, 319, 3096, 284, 1037, 606, 13, 314, 561, 910, 11, 779, 534, 31563, 13, 770, 4283, 481, 407, 5591, 826, 783, 11, 345, 423, 379, 262, 845, 1551, 257, 1178, 1933, 284, 3785, 340, 503, 13, 6498, 783, 318, 407, 7306, 13, 921, 389, 1107, 1016, 284, 423, 284, 1414, 3241, 284, 651, 503, 379, 257, 922, 640, 4556, 345, 765, 284, 4043, 13, 198, 198, 1890, 517, 31321, 11, 314, 1965, 481, 428, 649, 2196, 286, 370, 620, 709, 544, 991, 307, 1088, 287, 262, 1306, 1178, 812, 30, 198, 198, 464, 3280, 25, 628, 198, 2396, 340, 3073, 588, 345, 1244, 765, 284, 1064, 257, 7709, 640, 284, 3677, 625, 262, 1306, 1178, 1933, 13, 632, 2331, 326, 329, 477, 262, 922, 14953, 612, 389, 2769, 19459, 2761, 11, 13141, 11, 290, 6411, 2089, 1597, 5370, 326, 460, 407, 307, 17687, 13, 198, 198, 12889, 10805, 16346, 25, 198, 198, 40, 373, 4379, 257, 866, 1210, 290, 1965, 262, 4116, 611, 340, 373, 1016, 284, 2555, 393, 467, 326, 4571, 287, 262, 7103, 2003, 13, 198, 198, 464, 23998, 25, 1400, 1849, 198, 198, 1537, 994, 447, 247, 82, 262, 7650, 636, 314, 635, 1392, 262, 4203, 326, 484, 561, 467, 739, 290, 1965, 546, 326, 290, 340, 1625, 510, 25, 3363, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 2331, 284, 502, 484, 481, 466, 7477, 826, 783, 11, 1283, 8245, 3688, 284, 257, 1256, 286, 584, 6341, 11, 475, 1088, 2805, 286, 7769, 345, 447, 247, 297, 923, 284, 766, 1243, 6482, 11, 617, 2089, 1705, 11, 617, 2089, 5370, 13, 1119, 447, 247, 297, 1949, 284, 20121, 351, 1194, 1664, 290, 326, 481, 886, 510, 5170, 606, 13, 1406, 314, 561, 910, 1912, 319, 428, 11, 345, 1244, 765, 284, 1949, 284, 1064, 257, 966, 618, 484, 389, 510, 290, 1011, 4621, 286, 1972, 503, 13, 1318, 318, 257, 1184, 10506, 414, 326, 484, 481, 20121, 351, 262, 584, 1664, 290, 307, 19233, 416, 606, 543, 318, 1521, 262, 1918, 2657, 2058, 510, 11, 475, 314, 447, 247, 76, 407, 257, 3176, 5887, 523, 314, 836, 447, 247, 83, 760, 644, 326, 1724, 287, 2846, 286, 534, 4283, 13, 1002, 1194, 1664, 3011, 9238, 286, 21331, 10805, 290, 6249, 9010, 606, 656, 428, 584, 1664, 11, 314, 836, 447, 247, 83, 760, 644, 1128, 622, 66, 21585, 611, 597, 326, 561, 423, 475, 345, 2192, 466, 13, 1406, 11, 6209, 340, 481, 6165, 307, 257, 1365, 517, 8245, 1664, 290, 611, 534, 4283, 991, 8991, 284, 326, 3074, 788, 345, 815, 1650, 319, 340, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 14385, 11, 314, 447, 247, 76, 407, 281, 17646, 13, 314, 836, 447, 247, 83, 1833, 262, 38575, 2173, 286, 703, 262, 4283, 1910, 2499, 13, 314, 4601, 314, 714, 1577, 345, 517, 7141, 7508, 11, 475, 6209, 21331, 10805, 318, 7477, 329, 783, 290, 481, 20121, 393, 307, 5839, 503, 416, 2130, 1365, 1306, 614, 11, 2192, 287, 546, 718, 1933, 11, 475, 345, 447, 247, 297, 766, 374, 2178, 17783, 286, 2761, 287, 546, 513, 1933, 393, 1088, 2805, 286, 7769, 13, 198, 198, 34456, 326, 4193, 13, 198, 198, 10248, 8458, 290, 1266, 12802, 13, 198, 198, 5569, 364, 20396, 1399, 383, 14110, 313, 1849, 2025, 37848, 1399, 198, 198, 18, 6066, 319, 564, 250, 5569, 364, 20396, 1399, 383, 14110, 313, 1849, 2025, 37848, 1399, 628, 50286, 16, 13, 11040, 10163, 1139, 25, 628, 50284, 40, 423, 587, 4964, 262, 1705, 5197, 286, 14264, 14, 11531, 259, 22558, 290, 314, 460, 447, 247, 83, 1975, 477, 262, 13763, 2592, 422, 617, 286, 262, 5510, 1605, 661, 13, 632, 5667, 502, 12916, 355, 257, 2042, 1048, 13, 48414, 11, 262, 4203, 314, 423, 318, 866, 826, 6639, 284, 616, 11384, 13, 4162, 389, 661, 4633, 546, 8732, 2486, 30, 314, 1833, 1719, 257, 3580, 287, 5009, 290, 9317, 475, 367, 6158, 1399, 22850, 30, 314, 716, 407, 329, 2486, 780, 339, 318, 2042, 13, 314, 447, 247, 76, 329, 2486, 780, 286, 465, 4788, 290, 262, 2565, 286, 465, 2095, 13, 4525, 314, 447, 247, 303, 531, 878, 11, 314, 1254, 1223, 546, 683, 326, 318, 1180, 290, 5508, 290, 1254, 339, 318, 329, 262, 661, 13, 314, 561, 7898, 597, 4540, 611, 314, 2936, 262, 976, 835, 546, 683, 13, 314, 836, 447, 247, 83, 1833, 1521, 14264, 318, 12577, 428, 5465, 416, 5486, 262, 835, 339, 857, 379, 777, 22558, 13, 14264, 318, 407, 5486, 546, 262, 2428, 1593, 284, 502, 290, 262, 4788, 339, 468, 314, 836, 447, 247, 83, 4236, 351, 13, 887, 11, 314, 836, 447, 247, 83, 4601, 683, 4419, 393, 5465, 13, 314, 655, 1839, 447, 247, 83, 3015, 329, 683, 1399, 5562, 447, 247, 82, 477, 13, 32648, 468, 284, 1282, 290, 1011, 1337, 286, 14264, 14, 11531, 259, 13, 1439, 428, 4633, 2568, 318, 24479, 1399, 270, 1165, 881, 13, 314, 447, 247, 76, 407, 24354, 11, 1975, 502, 11, 314, 760, 10713, 475, 1282, 319, 13, 314, 836, 447, 247, 83, 766, 597, 5084, 1381, 22187, 503, 17010, 1399, 22850, 466, 17146, 504, 30, 3363, 11, 2486, 318, 257, 3182, 12, 33001, 13, 3363, 11, 339, 468, 257, 47214, 1438, 13, 6762, 11, 1309, 447, 247, 82, 1445, 319, 0, 628, 50286, 17, 13, 12440, 72, 1139, 25, 628, 50284, 20045, 5176, 329, 10754, 534, 11154, 287, 777, 20294, 1661, 13, 628, 198, 35087, 257, 14883, 628, 198, 1639, 389, 26387, 1262, 534, 1848, 13, 5972, 1849, 7975, 1849, 14, 1849, 19400, 1849, 8, 198, 198, 14254, 4286, 628, 198, 12025, 4590, 628, 198, 11708, 10, 4590, 628, 198, 13313, 278, 284, 4064, 82, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,295
#YOLO Programming Path Finding With Genetic Algorithms I had read about genetic algorithms a long time ago, thinking to myself, "hey this sounds neat, I should try that one day!"  Well, ten years later (what is that in Internet years?) I've finally scrounged up some time to play around with the concept.  As with similar posts I've made in the past, I like to start off with a disclaimer: I've never formally studied genetic algorithms, nor do I claim to be an expert.  I like to write about what I learn because it helps solidify the concepts in my head and because it forces me to actually finish small projects. Hopefully the reader learns something new, or corrects me where I get something wrong.  In other words... The code for the project is available on Github. The Problem Space Before discussing genetic algorithms, let's briefly discuss the problem we will be throwing at it.  Our little program will take in as input a maze (or if none is provided we will randomly generate one).  Mazes are bitmap files, where the color black (#000000) is uncrossable  and white (#ffffff) is a crossable path.  A single blue pixel is the starting point and a single red pixel is the end point. Here is an example (zoomed in) maze generated by the program. The goal of the GA is to find the shortest path between the starting point and the end point. Some notes if you're playing at home: 1. We move one pixel at a time 2. Our instruction set is "Up", "Left", "Down", and "Right."  Note that we do not have the ability to move in a diagonal within a single step, so design your maze accordingly As a final word before we get started, I want to just state that I selected this problem space because I thought it would be an easy project. There are other algorithms that are better suited to path finding, such as A*. Genetic Algorithms Genetic algorithms (GA) are adaptive heuristic searches based off of very (and I mean very) simple models of sexual reproduction and Darwin's theory of evolution.  Like similar algorithms (hill climbing, simulated annealing, etc) GA's are a randomized search that use historical information to get closer and closer to the goal state.  The GA difference is the use of crossover, where parts (genes) of a chromosome (algorithm) are spliced with another selected chromosome. Selection usually combines the best chromosomes together such that with each successive generation only the most fit chromosomes survive and reproduce.  GA's also have a mutation component to them, where every so often some genes randomly mutate.  This is to keep genetic diversity in the population and keeping us from getting stuck in local minima (or maxima). Chromosomes are made up of genes, and those genes need to be encoded.  Binary encoding used to be the preferred method (as I will use), though other types of encoding can be used.  Regardless, you'll need a way of reading a chromosome and interpreting the algorithm. Example: Using a binary encoding, each gene will be two bits, and interpreted as follows: Gene Instruction 00 Move Up 01 Move Left 10 Move Down 11 Move Right An example chromosome would be 0100101100. A population is compromised of a set of chromosomes, from which some will be selected (discussed later) to reproduce into the next generation's population.  You'd think that a very large population would introduce more variance into the population which would help yield better results, but bigger population sizes slow down the GA. Population sizes that I've seen recommended are 20-30, or 50-100, depending on the problem. Crossover and Crossover Rate As discussed earlier, crossover is the process of combining genes from one chromosome with genes from another.  There are different crossover methodologies such as: Single Point Crossover Two Point Crossover Uniform Crossover (Above images taken from the Wikipedia article on GA crossover). We will be using uniform crossover. Not all chromosomes will crossover.  The rate of crossover is determined by the crossover rate.  The crossover rate is recommended to be high for best performance.  We will be using 0.6, which is actually on the low end of recommendations. Chromosomes from a population must be selected to mate to generate the next generation.  There are few strategies, such as tournement or roulette wheel.  Selecting the best chromosomes is called elitist selection.  We will be using elitist selection. Mutation and Mutation Rate Randomly a GA will modify a chromosome's genes, based on the mutation rate.  Unlike crossover rate, the mutation rate is suggested to be low.  If the mutation rate is too high, it will be difficult to converge on good solutions because the GA will start diverging away.  Some people like to start off with a higher rate to promote genetic diversity and slowly lower the rate through the generations to let evolution do it's work.  There are multiple mutation strategies such as flipping a bit or swapping genes. Throughout this post we've been discussing "solutions," "best chromosomes," etc.  But how do we know which chromosomes are the best?  This is done via the fitness function, and this is really where all of the magic happens, and where you'll be spending most of your time experimenting.  The meat and potatoes of our fitness function is shown below: var steps = walker.Walk(out repeatedSteps, out closest); if (steps < int.MaxValue) steps = steps + repeatedSteps; steps -= this.maze.Height * this.maze.Width * 50; // prevent overflow var open = 0; for (int x = 0; x < this.maze.Width; x++) for (int y = 0; y < this.maze.Height; y++) if (m[x, y] == Maze.State.Open) steps += (open * 50) + ((int)closest * 2); return -(steps); The Walk() method (not shown) walks the genes of the chromosome, where each gene represents an instruction for a step to be taken in the maze.  Walk() counts the total number of steps taken.  Steps that were crossed one or more times are represented by repeatedSteps.  A repeated step is weighted by the number of repeats.  For instance, if the number of steps taken were 10, and 2 pixels were repeated 5 times, repeatedSteps would be 5, not 2.  If Walk() does not encounter End, steps returned will be Int.Max.  If End is encountered, instructions past End (in terms of genes in a chromosome) will not be counted as steps. Walk() will also return the closest point to End encountered in the walk. If the walk reaches the end point, we return the negative of steps, since the goal is to minimize the number of steps taken (so fitness is highest when the score is lowest).  To discourage the algorithm from walking around like a drunken sailor, we add repeatedSteps to steps (to give a lower fitness). What do we do when the walk has not encountered the end point?  Here we get a little creative to help (we hope) the GA converge faster.  In this situation, we sort of want the opposite of what we wanted earlier; we want to encourage more steps so that we cover more ground in search of the end point.  We also give a slight preference to chromosomes that edge toward the endpoint. So how does our GA perform?  Here's a run on a randomly generated maze.  It was instructed to stop at 5 minutes or at stagnation, which was set at 300 (meaning no new better was found within 300 generations). As noted earlier, the white lines represent the crossable paths, the blue point is the where we start and the red point is the target.  Green represents paths that were only crossed once, and yellow are steps that repeated one or more times.  We can see that the algorithm quickly found the shortest path and then optimized away most of the repeated steps. Setting the stagnation rate to a higher number would have optimized the remaining repeated steps away. Now let's try a maze that I hand crafted.  In this case the GA was still finding better and better results before we hit the 5 minute cap (by the way, all of these caps are configurable via command line options, but 5 minutes was the extent of my patience.  Use the --help switch for a list of options). It looks like here the GA was close to finding the shortest path, but still had much optimizing to do to get rid of the repeated steps. Finally, can we come up with a maze that tortures our GA?  Here's what I came up with.  While this is laughably easy for a human, it kills our GA because it will take a boat load of mutations before it covers the entire maze to find the end point (note that the start and end are on the opposite ends of the maze, and there is only a single path).  I set the parameters to (what I thought) were obscenely large numbers.  Apparently not obscene enough though; this run terminated at the 50 minute mark without ever hitting it's goal; though you can see that it got close and would have hit it's goal sooner than later.  I wouldn't want this thing driving my taxi around town though. Libraries Used GeneticSharp is a genetic algorithm library that's pretty easy to use and has a bunch of options and is well documented and is actively maintained.  As I've stated earlier, I'm far from an expert in GAs, so I can't speak to the quality of the library when compared to others, but given all of the positive aspects I noted I imagine that it is a strong contender. Command Line Parser is a library for parsing command line arguments.  I almost feel silly for saying this, but I'd never considered even looking for a library for parsing command line arguments and for displaying help hints; leading me to reinvent the wheel quite a few times (and probably a poor job in doing so).  This library can be a fantastic addition to any console application. Gifed is a library used for making animated gifs.  Finding a gif library was more challenging than I thought it would be, and finding an easy to use library was even harder.  This one did a great job though. Every so often the program would throw an error that I had never seen before; "Attempted to read or write from corrupted memory."  Very odd, I certainly am not using any unmanaged code (I'm not sure where in managed code memory would get corrupted), and I briefly looked through GeneticSharp and didn't see any unmanaged code in there either.  Perhaps the issue is further down the stack, such as in his use of  the SnippetSmartThreadPool library.  It was quite annoying to have a long running evolution get  stopped by an exception, so my solution was to catch the exception and not evaluate the "corrupted" chromosomes.  Note that this type of exception cannot be caught normally, so I had to use  [HandleProcessCorruptedStateExceptions]. Final Thoughts While I had fun with the project, should I now use GA's anywhere I need a heuristic search (not that I personally run into that need often)?  No, I don't think so.  The entire time I was working on this project, it just felt like a good fitness function with some randomness would yield similar results.  Apparently I am not alone in this.  As I later looked for sources to write this post, I ran into the following: and then the following quotes: [I]t is quite unnatural to model applications in terms of genetic operators like mutation and crossover on bit strings. The pseudobiology adds another level of complexity between you and your problem. Second, genetic algorithms take a very long time on nontrivial problems. [...] [T]he analogy with evolution—where significant progress require [sic] millions of years—can be quite appropriate. I have never encountered any problem where genetic algorithms seemed to me the right way to attack it. Further, I have never seen any computational results reported using genetic algorithms that have favorably impressed me. Stick to simulated annealing for your heuristic search voodoo needs. — Steven Skiena That's not to say that GA's have never been used to produce anything.  Here's an antenna used by NASA that was "designed" by a GA (Source): I'd love what some of you that have more experience with this type of thing have to say about it!    Follow Up In response to this post, a Redditor made the following comment, which I thought was fantastic: Every time an article pops up about GA, I'm excited again for the prospect of finding something useful to do with GA. And every time I'm disappointed again. While I commend the author for implementing a genetic algorithm for path finding, what the author does is really just evaluating random walks and selecting the best. Sure, there is a bit of breeding in there, but especially the last example shows that we're basically waiting for a random walk to the end of the tunnel, and then would use GA to "optimize" away the unnecessary steps. In fact, this could be more easily achieved by preprocessing the labyrinth and turning it into a graph of possible routes. All the shown examples would have been solved much quicker had the GA algorithm not tried to step its way through it. At least, the GA algorithm should have killed solutions that back-track, ie. that cross their previous path, immediately, since those solutions are never good solutions. This would have turned it into somewhat of a genetic Dijkstra.And at the very least, the GA algorithm should have dis-allowed immediate backtracking, ie. taking a step and then stepping back, which would have helped with the last labyrinth massively and with the others greatly.And that's the main gripe I have with GA in general: you implement something silly and random and get very bad solutions that take ages. Then you add a bit of domain knowledge, then a bit more and another bit more until you finally arrive at a regular algorithm for solving your problem. If you go that far before you give up. Note that any of the well-known path-finding algorithms would have solved each of these mazes in milliseconds. Here's another point I'd like to make in connection to what the guy said: GA isn't an optimization algorithm, it's a search algorithm. It searches really well if your solution space is full of viable solutions, without any obvious gradients and very rich in non-obvious parameters. The kind of problems we usually apply it to (like path-finding or crossing-minimization or any of the well-defined NP problems) aren't like that, and that's why we see no real benefits with GA over them. And if you look at the inspiration for GAs, biological systems, that's exactly how they are: lots of parameters with rather un-defined functions (genes), lots of solutions (basically any combination of millions of genes) and completely non-obvious gradients. Also bonus points for being greatly parallelizable, because that's another real benefit if you're doing massive searches. Regarding his/her note about GA's and path-finding;  I did find it necessary to point out at the beginning of my post that an algorithm like A* would be far better at pathfinding than a GA.  I really hope that this isn't lost on anyone reading. Comments (1) - • Tom Tran 5/23/2018 10:25:14 PM | Reply It's great article. And it's greater when I found your blog. It's useful. Keep moving !!! Add comment Monthly Archive Our Sponsors ScriptInjection byReview Results Author Site:infofru Our Sponsors ScriptInjection byReview Results Author Site:infofru
[ 2, 56, 3535, 46, 30297, 198, 198, 15235, 27063, 2080, 42295, 978, 7727, 907, 198, 198, 40, 550, 1100, 546, 8513, 16113, 257, 890, 640, 2084, 11, 3612, 284, 3589, 11, 366, 20342, 428, 5238, 15049, 11, 314, 815, 1949, 326, 530, 1110, 2474, 220, 1849, 5779, 11, 3478, 1849, 19002, 1568, 357, 10919, 318, 326, 287, 4455, 812, 10091, 314, 1053, 3443, 629, 472, 782, 276, 510, 617, 640, 284, 711, 1088, 351, 262, 3721, 13, 220, 1849, 1722, 351, 2092, 6851, 314, 1053, 925, 287, 262, 1613, 11, 314, 588, 284, 923, 572, 351, 257, 37592, 25, 314, 1053, 1239, 15832, 9713, 8513, 16113, 11, 4249, 466, 314, 1624, 284, 307, 281, 5887, 13, 220, 1849, 40, 588, 284, 3551, 546, 644, 314, 2193, 780, 340, 5419, 4735, 1958, 262, 10838, 287, 616, 1182, 290, 780, 340, 3386, 502, 284, 1682, 5461, 1402, 4493, 13, 19996, 262, 9173, 22974, 1223, 649, 11, 1849, 273, 3376, 82, 502, 810, 314, 651, 1223, 2642, 13, 220, 1849, 818, 584, 2456, 986, 628, 198, 464, 2438, 329, 262, 1628, 318, 1695, 319, 38994, 13, 198, 198, 464, 20647, 4687, 198, 198, 8421, 11142, 8513, 16113, 11, 1309, 338, 11589, 2112, 262, 1917, 356, 481, 307, 9644, 379, 340, 13, 220, 1849, 5122, 1310, 1430, 481, 1011, 287, 355, 5128, 257, 31237, 357, 273, 611, 4844, 318, 2810, 356, 481, 15456, 7716, 530, 737, 220, 1849, 44, 36096, 389, 1643, 8899, 3696, 11, 810, 262, 3124, 2042, 17426, 10535, 8, 318, 4591, 1214, 540, 220, 1849, 392, 2330, 17426, 12927, 487, 8, 318, 257, 3272, 540, 3108, 13, 220, 1849, 32, 2060, 4171, 17465, 318, 262, 3599, 966, 290, 257, 2060, 2266, 17465, 318, 262, 886, 966, 13, 198, 198, 4342, 318, 281, 1672, 357, 89, 4207, 276, 287, 8, 31237, 7560, 416, 262, 1430, 13, 198, 198, 464, 3061, 286, 262, 14545, 318, 284, 1064, 262, 35581, 3108, 1022, 262, 3599, 966, 290, 262, 886, 966, 13, 198, 198, 4366, 4710, 611, 345, 821, 2712, 379, 1363, 25, 628, 50286, 16, 13, 775, 1445, 530, 17465, 379, 257, 640, 198, 50286, 17, 13, 3954, 12064, 900, 318, 366, 4933, 1600, 366, 18819, 1600, 366, 8048, 1600, 290, 366, 11028, 526, 220, 1849, 6425, 326, 356, 466, 407, 423, 262, 2694, 284, 1445, 287, 257, 40039, 1626, 257, 2060, 2239, 11, 523, 1486, 534, 31237, 16062, 198, 198, 1722, 257, 2457, 1573, 878, 356, 651, 2067, 11, 314, 765, 284, 655, 1181, 326, 314, 6163, 428, 1917, 2272, 780, 314, 1807, 340, 561, 307, 281, 2562, 1628, 13, 1318, 389, 584, 16113, 326, 389, 1365, 16662, 284, 3108, 4917, 11, 884, 355, 317, 24620, 198, 198, 13746, 5139, 978, 7727, 907, 198, 198, 13746, 5139, 16113, 357, 9273, 8, 389, 29605, 339, 27915, 15455, 1912, 572, 286, 845, 357, 392, 314, 1612, 1849, 548, 8, 2829, 4981, 286, 3206, 20728, 290, 21450, 338, 4583, 286, 6954, 13, 220, 1849, 7594, 2092, 16113, 357, 12639, 14281, 11, 28590, 281, 710, 4272, 11, 3503, 8, 14545, 338, 389, 257, 23925, 2989, 326, 779, 6754, 1321, 284, 651, 5699, 290, 5699, 284, 262, 3061, 1181, 13, 220, 1849, 464, 14545, 3580, 318, 262, 779, 286, 27668, 11, 810, 3354, 357, 5235, 274, 8, 286, 257, 34348, 357, 282, 42289, 8, 389, 4328, 3711, 351, 1194, 6163, 34348, 13, 29538, 3221, 21001, 262, 1266, 42742, 1978, 884, 326, 351, 1123, 25175, 5270, 691, 262, 749, 4197, 42742, 7866, 290, 22919, 13, 220, 1849, 9273, 338, 635, 423, 257, 15148, 1849, 42895, 284, 606, 11, 810, 790, 523, 1690, 617, 10812, 15456, 4517, 378, 13, 220, 1849, 1212, 318, 284, 1394, 8513, 9573, 1849, 259, 262, 3265, 290, 5291, 514, 422, 1972, 7819, 287, 1957, 949, 8083, 1849, 7, 273, 3509, 8083, 737, 628, 198, 1925, 398, 418, 2586, 389, 1849, 9727, 510, 286, 10812, 11, 290, 883, 10812, 761, 284, 307, 30240, 13, 220, 1849, 33, 3219, 21004, 973, 284, 307, 262, 9871, 2446, 357, 292, 314, 481, 779, 828, 996, 584, 3858, 286, 21004, 460, 307, 973, 13, 220, 1849, 27894, 11, 345, 1183, 761, 257, 835, 286, 3555, 257, 34348, 290, 35391, 262, 11862, 13, 198, 198, 16281, 25, 8554, 257, 13934, 21004, 11, 1123, 9779, 481, 307, 734, 1849, 9895, 11, 290, 16173, 355, 5679, 25, 198, 198, 39358, 46486, 198, 405, 10028, 3205, 198, 486, 10028, 9578, 198, 940, 10028, 5588, 198, 1157, 10028, 6498, 198, 198, 2025, 1672, 34348, 561, 307, 5534, 8298, 486, 3064, 13, 628, 198, 32, 3265, 318, 19066, 286, 257, 900, 286, 42742, 11, 422, 543, 617, 481, 307, 6163, 357, 15410, 29569, 1568, 8, 284, 22919, 656, 262, 1306, 5270, 338, 3265, 13, 220, 1849, 1639, 1549, 892, 326, 257, 845, 1588, 3265, 561, 10400, 517, 24198, 656, 262, 3265, 543, 561, 1037, 7800, 1365, 2482, 11, 475, 5749, 3265, 10620, 3105, 866, 262, 14545, 13, 20133, 10620, 326, 314, 1053, 1775, 7151, 389, 1160, 12, 1270, 11, 393, 2026, 12, 3064, 11, 6906, 319, 262, 1917, 13, 198, 198, 34, 23954, 290, 327, 23954, 14806, 198, 198, 1722, 6693, 2961, 11, 27668, 318, 262, 1429, 286, 19771, 10812, 422, 530, 34348, 351, 10812, 422, 1194, 13, 220, 1849, 1858, 389, 1180, 27668, 2446, 5823, 884, 355, 25, 198, 198, 28008, 6252, 327, 23954, 198, 198, 7571, 6252, 327, 23954, 198, 198, 3118, 6933, 327, 23954, 198, 198, 7, 32397, 4263, 2077, 422, 262, 15312, 2708, 319, 14545, 27668, 737, 198, 198, 1135, 481, 307, 1262, 8187, 27668, 13, 198, 198, 3673, 477, 42742, 481, 27668, 13, 220, 1849, 464, 2494, 286, 27668, 318, 5295, 416, 262, 27668, 2494, 13, 220, 1849, 464, 27668, 2494, 318, 7151, 284, 307, 1029, 329, 1266, 2854, 13, 220, 1849, 1135, 481, 307, 1262, 657, 13, 21, 11, 543, 318, 1682, 319, 262, 1877, 886, 286, 10763, 13, 628, 198, 1925, 398, 418, 2586, 422, 257, 3265, 1276, 307, 6163, 284, 16133, 284, 7716, 262, 1306, 5270, 13, 220, 1849, 1858, 389, 1849, 32146, 10064, 11, 884, 355, 256, 1798, 972, 1849, 273, 13805, 21348, 7825, 13, 220, 1849, 17563, 278, 262, 1266, 1849, 28663, 418, 2586, 318, 1444, 1288, 270, 396, 6356, 13, 220, 1849, 1135, 481, 307, 1262, 1288, 270, 396, 6356, 13, 198, 198, 44, 7094, 290, 337, 7094, 14806, 198, 198, 29531, 306, 257, 14545, 481, 13096, 257, 34348, 338, 10812, 11, 1912, 319, 262, 15148, 2494, 13, 220, 1849, 18521, 27668, 2494, 11, 262, 15148, 2494, 318, 1849, 47811, 276, 284, 307, 1877, 13, 220, 1849, 1532, 262, 15148, 2494, 318, 1165, 1029, 11, 340, 481, 307, 2408, 284, 47873, 319, 922, 8136, 780, 262, 14545, 481, 923, 12312, 2667, 1497, 13, 220, 1849, 4366, 661, 588, 284, 923, 572, 351, 257, 2440, 2494, 284, 7719, 8513, 9573, 290, 6364, 2793, 262, 2494, 832, 262, 10439, 284, 1309, 6954, 466, 340, 338, 670, 13, 220, 1849, 1858, 389, 3294, 15148, 10064, 884, 355, 33097, 257, 1643, 393, 38869, 10812, 13, 628, 198, 26797, 428, 1281, 356, 1053, 587, 11142, 366, 82, 14191, 553, 366, 13466, 42742, 553, 3503, 13, 220, 1849, 1537, 703, 466, 356, 760, 543, 42742, 389, 262, 1266, 30, 220, 1849, 1212, 318, 1760, 2884, 262, 13547, 2163, 11, 290, 428, 318, 1107, 810, 477, 286, 262, 5536, 4325, 11, 290, 810, 345, 1183, 307, 4581, 749, 286, 534, 640, 27826, 13, 220, 1849, 464, 6174, 290, 18821, 286, 674, 13547, 2163, 318, 3402, 2174, 25, 628, 50293, 7785, 4831, 796, 2513, 263, 13, 35963, 7, 448, 5100, 8600, 82, 11, 503, 11706, 1776, 628, 50293, 361, 357, 20214, 1279, 493, 13, 11518, 11395, 8, 198, 50292, 20214, 796, 4831, 1343, 5100, 8600, 82, 26, 198, 50292, 20214, 48185, 428, 13, 76, 6201, 13, 23106, 1635, 428, 13, 76, 6201, 13, 30916, 1635, 2026, 26, 3373, 2948, 30343, 198, 50292, 7785, 1280, 796, 657, 26, 628, 50292, 1640, 357, 600, 2124, 796, 657, 26, 2124, 1279, 428, 13, 76, 6201, 13, 30916, 26, 2124, 29577, 198, 50291, 1640, 357, 600, 331, 796, 657, 26, 331, 1279, 428, 13, 76, 6201, 13, 23106, 26, 331, 29577, 198, 50290, 361, 357, 76, 58, 87, 11, 331, 60, 6624, 33412, 13, 9012, 13, 11505, 8, 628, 50292, 20214, 15853, 357, 9654, 1635, 2026, 8, 1343, 14808, 600, 8, 565, 418, 395, 1635, 362, 1776, 628, 50293, 7783, 532, 7, 20214, 1776, 198, 198, 464, 6857, 3419, 2446, 357, 1662, 3402, 8, 11114, 262, 10812, 286, 262, 34348, 11, 810, 1123, 9779, 6870, 281, 12064, 329, 257, 2239, 284, 307, 2077, 287, 262, 31237, 13, 220, 1849, 35963, 3419, 9853, 262, 2472, 1271, 286, 4831, 2077, 13, 220, 1849, 8600, 82, 326, 547, 12606, 530, 393, 517, 1661, 389, 7997, 416, 5100, 8600, 82, 13, 220, 1849, 32, 5100, 2239, 318, 26356, 416, 262, 1271, 286, 29819, 13, 220, 1849, 1890, 4554, 11, 611, 262, 1271, 286, 4831, 2077, 547, 838, 11, 290, 362, 17848, 547, 5100, 642, 1661, 11, 1849, 45956, 515, 8600, 82, 561, 307, 642, 11, 407, 362, 13, 220, 1849, 1532, 6857, 3419, 857, 407, 8791, 5268, 11, 4831, 4504, 481, 307, 2558, 13, 11518, 13, 220, 1849, 1532, 5268, 318, 12956, 11, 7729, 1613, 5268, 357, 259, 2846, 286, 10812, 287, 257, 34348, 8, 481, 407, 307, 14789, 355, 4831, 13, 6857, 3419, 481, 635, 1441, 262, 11706, 966, 284, 5268, 12956, 287, 262, 2513, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 262, 2513, 12229, 262, 886, 966, 11, 356, 1441, 262, 4633, 286, 4831, 11, 1201, 262, 3061, 318, 284, 1849, 1084, 48439, 262, 1271, 286, 4831, 2077, 357, 568, 13547, 318, 4511, 618, 262, 4776, 318, 9016, 737, 220, 1849, 2514, 27518, 262, 11862, 422, 6155, 1088, 588, 257, 26680, 43272, 11, 356, 751, 5100, 8600, 82, 284, 4831, 357, 1462, 1577, 257, 2793, 13547, 737, 198, 198, 2061, 466, 356, 466, 618, 262, 2513, 468, 407, 12956, 262, 886, 966, 30, 220, 1849, 4342, 356, 651, 257, 1310, 7325, 284, 1037, 357, 732, 2911, 8, 262, 14545, 47873, 5443, 13, 220, 1849, 818, 428, 3074, 11, 356, 3297, 286, 765, 262, 6697, 286, 644, 356, 2227, 2961, 26, 356, 765, 284, 7898, 1849, 3549, 4831, 523, 326, 356, 3002, 517, 2323, 287, 2989, 286, 262, 886, 966, 13, 220, 1849, 1135, 635, 1577, 257, 3731, 12741, 284, 42742, 326, 5743, 3812, 262, 36123, 13, 628, 198, 2396, 703, 857, 674, 14545, 1620, 30, 220, 1849, 4342, 338, 257, 1057, 319, 257, 15456, 7560, 31237, 13, 220, 1849, 1026, 373, 17767, 284, 2245, 379, 642, 2431, 393, 379, 45834, 11, 543, 373, 900, 379, 5867, 357, 24815, 645, 649, 1365, 373, 1043, 1626, 5867, 10439, 737, 198, 198, 1722, 4367, 2961, 11, 262, 2330, 3951, 2380, 262, 3272, 540, 13532, 11, 262, 4171, 966, 318, 262, 810, 356, 923, 290, 262, 2266, 966, 318, 262, 2496, 13, 220, 1849, 13719, 6870, 13532, 326, 547, 691, 12606, 1752, 11, 290, 7872, 389, 4831, 326, 5100, 530, 393, 517, 1661, 13, 220, 1849, 1135, 460, 766, 326, 262, 11862, 2952, 1043, 262, 35581, 3108, 290, 788, 23392, 1497, 749, 286, 262, 5100, 4831, 13, 25700, 262, 45834, 2494, 284, 257, 2440, 1271, 561, 423, 23392, 262, 5637, 5100, 4831, 1497, 13, 198, 198, 3844, 1309, 338, 1949, 257, 31237, 326, 314, 1021, 18025, 13, 220, 1849, 818, 428, 1339, 262, 14545, 373, 991, 4917, 1365, 290, 1365, 2482, 878, 356, 2277, 262, 642, 5664, 1451, 357, 1525, 262, 835, 11, 477, 286, 777, 11022, 389, 4566, 11970, 2884, 3141, 1627, 3689, 11, 475, 642, 2431, 373, 262, 6287, 286, 616, 16336, 13, 220, 1849, 11041, 262, 1377, 16794, 5078, 329, 257, 1351, 286, 3689, 737, 632, 3073, 588, 994, 262, 14545, 373, 1969, 284, 4917, 262, 35581, 3108, 11, 475, 991, 550, 881, 45780, 284, 466, 284, 651, 5755, 286, 262, 5100, 4831, 13, 198, 198, 11158, 11, 460, 356, 1282, 510, 351, 257, 31237, 326, 7619, 942, 674, 14545, 30, 220, 1849, 4342, 338, 644, 314, 1625, 510, 351, 13, 220, 1849, 3633, 428, 318, 6487, 1346, 2562, 329, 257, 1692, 11, 340, 12847, 674, 14545, 780, 340, 481, 1011, 257, 8848, 3440, 286, 23005, 878, 340, 8698, 262, 2104, 31237, 284, 1064, 262, 886, 966, 357, 11295, 326, 262, 923, 290, 886, 389, 319, 262, 6697, 5645, 286, 262, 31237, 11, 290, 612, 318, 691, 257, 2060, 3108, 737, 220, 1849, 40, 900, 262, 10007, 284, 357, 10919, 314, 1807, 8, 547, 33390, 306, 1588, 3146, 13, 220, 1849, 30402, 407, 33390, 1576, 996, 26, 428, 1849, 5143, 1849, 23705, 515, 379, 262, 2026, 5664, 1317, 1231, 1683, 9008, 340, 338, 3061, 26, 996, 345, 460, 766, 326, 340, 1392, 1969, 290, 561, 423, 2277, 340, 338, 3061, 14556, 621, 1568, 13, 220, 1849, 40, 3636, 470, 765, 428, 1517, 5059, 1849, 1820, 17536, 1088, 3240, 996, 13, 198, 198, 43, 11127, 16718, 198, 198, 13746, 5139, 44336, 1849, 271, 257, 8513, 11862, 5888, 326, 338, 2495, 2562, 284, 779, 290, 468, 257, 7684, 286, 3689, 290, 318, 880, 12395, 290, 318, 10630, 1849, 76, 2913, 1328, 13, 220, 1849, 1722, 314, 1053, 5081, 2961, 11, 314, 1101, 1290, 422, 281, 5887, 287, 402, 1722, 11, 523, 314, 460, 470, 2740, 284, 262, 3081, 286, 262, 5888, 618, 3688, 284, 1854, 11, 475, 1813, 477, 286, 262, 3967, 7612, 314, 4367, 314, 5967, 326, 340, 318, 257, 1913, 24190, 13, 198, 198, 21575, 6910, 23042, 263, 1849, 271, 257, 5888, 329, 32096, 3141, 1627, 7159, 13, 220, 1849, 40, 2048, 1254, 14397, 329, 2282, 428, 11, 475, 314, 1549, 1239, 3177, 772, 2045, 329, 257, 5888, 329, 32096, 3141, 1627, 7159, 290, 329, 19407, 1037, 20269, 26, 3756, 502, 284, 36608, 262, 7825, 2407, 257, 1178, 1661, 357, 392, 2192, 257, 3595, 1693, 287, 1804, 523, 737, 220, 1849, 1212, 5888, 460, 307, 257, 9623, 3090, 284, 597, 8624, 3586, 13, 198, 198, 38, 361, 276, 1849, 271, 257, 5888, 973, 329, 1642, 15108, 9381, 82, 13, 220, 1849, 36276, 257, 9381, 5888, 373, 517, 9389, 621, 314, 1807, 340, 561, 307, 11, 290, 4917, 281, 2562, 284, 779, 5888, 373, 772, 7069, 13, 220, 1849, 1212, 530, 750, 257, 1049, 1693, 996, 13, 628, 198, 6109, 523, 1690, 262, 1430, 561, 3714, 281, 4049, 326, 314, 550, 1239, 1775, 878, 26, 366, 37177, 276, 284, 1100, 393, 3551, 422, 26940, 4088, 526, 220, 1849, 16371, 5629, 11, 314, 3729, 716, 407, 1262, 597, 29389, 1886, 2438, 357, 40, 1101, 407, 1654, 810, 287, 5257, 2438, 4088, 561, 651, 26940, 828, 290, 314, 11589, 3114, 832, 42295, 44336, 290, 1422, 470, 766, 597, 29389, 1886, 2438, 287, 612, 2035, 13, 220, 1849, 13710, 262, 2071, 318, 2252, 866, 262, 8931, 11, 884, 355, 287, 465, 779, 286, 220, 1849, 1169, 1849, 16501, 3974, 316, 25610, 16818, 27201, 5888, 13, 220, 1849, 1026, 373, 2407, 15774, 284, 423, 257, 890, 2491, 6954, 651, 220, 1849, 301, 38333, 416, 281, 6631, 11, 523, 616, 4610, 373, 284, 4929, 262, 6631, 290, 407, 13446, 262, 366, 10215, 31590, 1, 42742, 13, 220, 1849, 6425, 326, 428, 2099, 286, 6631, 2314, 307, 4978, 7685, 11, 523, 314, 550, 284, 779, 220, 1849, 58, 37508, 18709, 10606, 31590, 9012, 3109, 11755, 4083, 198, 198, 19006, 33058, 198, 198, 3633, 314, 550, 1257, 351, 262, 1628, 11, 815, 314, 783, 779, 14545, 338, 6609, 314, 761, 257, 339, 27915, 2989, 357, 1662, 326, 314, 7620, 1057, 656, 326, 761, 1690, 19427, 220, 1849, 2949, 11, 314, 836, 470, 892, 523, 13, 220, 1849, 464, 2104, 640, 314, 373, 1762, 319, 428, 1628, 11, 340, 1849, 3137, 2936, 588, 257, 922, 13547, 2163, 351, 617, 4738, 1108, 561, 7800, 2092, 2482, 13, 220, 1849, 30402, 314, 716, 407, 3436, 287, 428, 13, 220, 1849, 1722, 314, 1568, 3114, 329, 4237, 284, 3551, 428, 1281, 11, 314, 4966, 656, 262, 1708, 25, 198, 198, 392, 788, 262, 1708, 13386, 25, 198, 198, 58, 40, 60, 83, 318, 2407, 33975, 284, 2746, 5479, 287, 2846, 286, 8513, 12879, 588, 15148, 290, 27668, 319, 1643, 13042, 13, 383, 25038, 672, 12371, 6673, 1194, 1241, 286, 13357, 1022, 345, 290, 534, 1917, 13, 5498, 11, 8513, 16113, 1011, 257, 845, 890, 640, 319, 45930, 15104, 498, 2761, 13, 26894, 685, 51, 60, 258, 23970, 351, 6954, 960, 3003, 2383, 4371, 2421, 685, 21383, 60, 5242, 286, 812, 960, 5171, 307, 2407, 5035, 13, 628, 198, 40, 423, 1239, 12956, 597, 1917, 810, 8513, 16113, 3947, 284, 502, 262, 826, 835, 284, 1368, 340, 13, 7735, 11, 314, 423, 1239, 1775, 597, 31350, 2482, 2098, 1262, 8513, 16113, 326, 423, 40594, 12617, 502, 13, 22994, 284, 28590, 281, 710, 4272, 329, 534, 339, 27915, 2989, 410, 36038, 2476, 13, 198, 198, 960, 447, 231, 28292, 3661, 2013, 64, 198, 198, 2504, 338, 407, 284, 910, 326, 14545, 338, 423, 1239, 587, 973, 284, 4439, 1997, 13, 220, 1849, 4342, 338, 281, 20509, 973, 416, 8884, 326, 373, 366, 30473, 1, 416, 257, 14545, 357, 7416, 2599, 198, 198, 40, 1549, 1842, 644, 617, 286, 345, 326, 423, 517, 1998, 351, 428, 2099, 286, 1517, 423, 284, 910, 546, 340, 0, 5624, 628, 1849, 7155, 3205, 198, 198, 818, 2882, 284, 428, 1281, 11, 257, 42734, 2072, 925, 262, 1708, 2912, 11, 543, 314, 1807, 373, 9623, 25, 198, 198, 6109, 640, 281, 2708, 26384, 510, 546, 14545, 11, 314, 1101, 6568, 757, 329, 262, 6034, 286, 4917, 1223, 4465, 284, 466, 351, 14545, 13, 843, 790, 640, 314, 1101, 11679, 757, 13, 198, 198, 3633, 314, 35695, 262, 1772, 329, 15427, 257, 8513, 11862, 329, 3108, 4917, 11, 644, 262, 1772, 857, 318, 1107, 655, 22232, 4738, 11114, 290, 17246, 262, 1266, 13, 10889, 11, 612, 318, 257, 1643, 286, 18954, 287, 612, 11, 475, 2592, 262, 938, 1672, 2523, 326, 356, 821, 6209, 4953, 329, 257, 4738, 2513, 284, 262, 886, 286, 262, 13275, 11, 290, 788, 561, 779, 14545, 284, 366, 40085, 1096, 1, 1497, 262, 13114, 4831, 13, 554, 1109, 11, 428, 714, 307, 517, 3538, 8793, 416, 662, 36948, 262, 41553, 290, 6225, 340, 656, 257, 4823, 286, 1744, 11926, 13, 1439, 262, 3402, 6096, 561, 423, 587, 16019, 881, 20061, 550, 262, 14545, 11862, 407, 3088, 284, 2239, 663, 835, 832, 340, 13, 198, 198, 2953, 1551, 11, 262, 14545, 11862, 815, 423, 2923, 8136, 326, 736, 12, 11659, 11, 37941, 13, 326, 3272, 511, 2180, 3108, 11, 3393, 11, 1201, 883, 8136, 389, 1239, 922, 8136, 13, 770, 561, 423, 2900, 340, 656, 6454, 286, 257, 8513, 360, 45961, 12044, 13, 1870, 379, 262, 845, 1551, 11, 262, 14545, 11862, 815, 423, 595, 12, 40845, 7103, 736, 36280, 11, 37941, 13, 2263, 257, 2239, 290, 788, 17413, 736, 11, 543, 561, 423, 4193, 351, 262, 938, 41553, 28161, 290, 351, 262, 1854, 9257, 13, 1870, 326, 338, 262, 1388, 11120, 431, 314, 423, 351, 14545, 287, 2276, 25, 345, 3494, 1223, 14397, 290, 4738, 290, 651, 845, 2089, 8136, 326, 1011, 9337, 13, 3244, 345, 751, 257, 1643, 286, 7386, 3725, 11, 788, 257, 1643, 517, 290, 1194, 1643, 517, 1566, 345, 3443, 9240, 379, 257, 3218, 11862, 329, 18120, 534, 1917, 13, 1002, 345, 467, 326, 1290, 878, 345, 1577, 510, 13, 198, 198, 6425, 326, 597, 286, 262, 880, 12, 4002, 3108, 12, 41070, 16113, 561, 423, 16019, 1123, 286, 777, 285, 36096, 287, 38694, 13, 628, 198, 4342, 338, 1194, 966, 314, 1549, 588, 284, 787, 287, 4637, 284, 644, 262, 3516, 531, 25, 14545, 2125, 470, 281, 23989, 11862, 11, 340, 338, 257, 2989, 11862, 13, 632, 15455, 1107, 880, 611, 534, 4610, 2272, 318, 1336, 286, 13971, 8136, 11, 1231, 597, 3489, 3915, 2334, 290, 845, 5527, 287, 1729, 12, 672, 1442, 10007, 13, 383, 1611, 286, 2761, 356, 3221, 4174, 340, 284, 357, 2339, 3108, 12, 41070, 393, 12538, 12, 1084, 320, 1634, 393, 597, 286, 262, 880, 12, 23211, 28498, 2761, 8, 3588, 470, 588, 326, 11, 290, 326, 338, 1521, 356, 766, 645, 1103, 4034, 351, 14545, 625, 606, 13, 198, 1870, 611, 345, 804, 379, 262, 12141, 329, 402, 1722, 11, 10685, 3341, 11, 326, 338, 3446, 703, 484, 389, 25, 6041, 286, 10007, 351, 2138, 555, 12, 23211, 5499, 357, 5235, 274, 828, 6041, 286, 8136, 357, 12093, 1146, 597, 6087, 286, 5242, 286, 10812, 8, 290, 3190, 1729, 12, 672, 1442, 3915, 2334, 13, 198, 198, 7583, 7202, 2173, 329, 852, 9257, 10730, 13821, 11, 780, 326, 338, 1194, 1103, 4414, 611, 345, 821, 1804, 4858, 15455, 13, 628, 198, 39424, 465, 14, 372, 3465, 546, 14545, 338, 290, 3108, 12, 41070, 26, 220, 1849, 40, 1849, 20839, 1064, 340, 3306, 284, 966, 503, 379, 262, 3726, 286, 616, 1281, 326, 281, 11862, 588, 317, 9, 561, 307, 1290, 1365, 379, 3108, 41070, 621, 257, 14545, 13, 220, 1849, 40, 1107, 2911, 326, 428, 2125, 470, 2626, 319, 2687, 3555, 13, 628, 198, 198, 23903, 357, 16, 8, 532, 628, 50286, 3581, 4186, 833, 272, 628, 50284, 20, 14, 1954, 14, 7908, 838, 25, 1495, 25, 1415, 3122, 930, 14883, 628, 50284, 1026, 338, 1049, 2708, 13, 843, 340, 338, 3744, 618, 314, 1043, 534, 4130, 13, 632, 338, 4465, 13, 9175, 3867, 220, 10185, 198, 198, 4550, 2912, 628, 198, 31948, 306, 20816, 198, 198, 5122, 18972, 669, 198, 198, 7391, 818, 29192, 416, 14832, 15691, 198, 198, 13838, 14413, 25, 10745, 1659, 622, 198, 198, 5122, 18972, 669, 198, 198, 7391, 818, 29192, 416, 14832, 15691, 198, 198, 13838, 14413, 25, 10745, 1659, 622, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
3,580
There tends to be a difference of provision between schools which have a class based timetable: primaries (including infant, junior, nurseries) and those which are subject based: secondaries (including middle, 6th form). Most secondary schools and some primaries provide PPA time in timetabled sessions or teaching periods. Some primaries use specialist teachers to cover some or all of these sessions. Many primaries provide either a full day every fortnight or half day every week covered by a supply teacher, in-house cover teacher or HLTA. Schools should have an agreed policy on the provision of PPA time, but they are not required to do so. Most of the issues dealt with here can be anticipated by such a policy and an agreed solution used. Most schools with timetabled sessions of PPA time adopt an even-out approach: loss of one or more blocks of time are presumed to balance out against time gained at another time. Some of the following questions relate principally to schools which adopt a half or full day provision of PPA time What is PPA time? PPA is Planning, Preparation and Assessment time, which was made a statutory right for all teachers, including those in the leadership group, from Autumn 2005. The School Teachers Pay and Conditions Document makes the following points very clear: PPA time is part of the 1265 directed hours for non-leadership teachers All teachers with a teaching timetable, including heads and deputies, are entitled to PPA time PPA time must be no less than 10% of the teacher’s timetabled teaching time PPA time can only be provided in units of not less than 30 minutes, ‘during those parts of the school time-table in which pupils are taught the core and other foundation subjects or religious education’. If a teacher has 22.5 hours of timetabled teaching time they must receive 2.25 hours of PPA time per week, which can be broken up into blocks but if the school’s pattern is to provide this in 3 blocks none can be shorter than 30 minutes so if the teacher has 2 hours of PPA timetabled, the 15 minutes would have to be rounded up to 30. Alternatively sessions of 1hr and 1 hr 15 minutes would meet the minimum requirement. Fractions of an hour can not be rounded down. A teacher can not be required to carry out any other duties during their PPA time, including covering for absent colleagues. Can my school decide not to have PPA time? PPA time is an entitlement for all teachers in maintained schools. Who arranges PPA time? It is the responsibility of the headteacher to ensure that PPA time is planned for and included on the individual teachers’ timetables. How much PPA time should I be getting? Each teacher’s PPA time should be a minimum of 10% of the time they spend teaching. This would exclude breaks, assemblies (unless the same person is leading the same assemblies each week and the content is seen as part of the school’s curriculum), non-contact time of any description, registration, form tutor periods and extra curricular activities. Where a 2 week timetable is in use the amount of teaching time should be added up across both weeks and the PPA time likewise spread across the 2 weeks. Secondary and middle school teachers and support teachers would find probably find it easier to simply add the number of their teaching periods together. How much PPA time should I be getting as an NQT? NQTs have exactly the same entitlement to PPA time as every other teacher. The only difference concerns the calculation of teaching time: NQTs are entitled to 10% of a comparable teacher’s teaching time as non-contact time each week and this should be deducted from their weekly or fortnightly total before calculating the minimum 10%. How much PPA time should I be getting on a part-time contract? Part-time teaching hours can be added up in the same way as for other teachers and 10 % calculated. Taking a school total and then applying a decimal fraction of say 0.6 for a 3/5 days contract is probably not as reliable as the former method. I am a supply teacher, am I entitled to PPA time? No. As with many other teacher entitlements guaranteed by the Teachers Pay and Conditions Document, supply teachers do not have any entitlement to PPA. If you are employed on a regular fixed time at the same school for a prolonged period and the school asks you to plan, or just attend planning meetings, as well as mark the work set, then you should discuss an appropriate amount of PPA time with the head. Can I be directed to undertake particular tasks during my PPA time, e.g. cover for a colleague, attend a course or meeting? No.  You can be asked but the school can not require it. In the interests of goodwill, smooth running of the school, the welfare of children or simply because it suits you, you might wish to swap your PPA time with another teacher or defer the PPA time to another occasion, that is up to you, but your PPA time is an entitlement, guaranteed by the STPCD, it is not a benefit or privilege. Covering for an absent colleague is specifically mentioned as being unacceptable. Who sets and marks the work when I am on PPA time? There is no requirement on a teacher to plan lessons they will not teach but as with other covered lessons, medium term objectives will probably have been planned. If a regular supply teacher, HLTA or in-house cover teacher is used they should plan and mark work. What happens if the cover teacher is absent? The school should arrange for a replacement and if that proves impossible and the PPA time can not be provided it should be restored as soon as possible. The school should  cover this eventuality in its policy. Can my PPA time be included in an INSET day? No, INSET days are an entitlement to CPD but your head can disaggregate them to be used in other ways for other purposes. PPA time must take place during taught sessions, Any PPA time offered to staff in this way is additional to the 10% entitlement. Can my head take away my PPA time when granting paid or unpaid leave? No. The school must decide whether or not to grant paid or unpaid leave in accordance with its normal policy. If your PPA time happens to fall on that day the school’s policy for dealing with such eventualities should be implemented. What happens if the school is closed on the day I have PPA time? The school’s policy should anticipate the eventuality of planned closures (Holidays, Election Days) as well as unplanned closures (weather, heating or other service breakdown, illness etc). The principle of even-out works well if the school uses the ‘periods’ model but if PPA time is provided in days or half days the impact is so great that the planned absences should have been anticipated, if they were not then the school should restore the lost time. In the event of an unplanned closure the school should have a policy to cover the eventuality and the result will have to be negotiated. What happens if I am off  sick on the day I have my PPA time? If the school has an even-out policy you would simply lose your PPA time, as, by the same principle, if you are off sick for 4 days but return to work on the day you get your PPA time it should not be lost or reduced. Can my timetabled PPA time be cancelled and given back? While it is not good practice for schools to cancel PPA time at short notice, unforeseen circumstances can create situations which will inevitably mean that PPA time might have to be cancelled, particularly in Primary Schools. It is the school’s responsibility to ensure that the amount of PPA time lost in this way is recorded and given back to the teacher as soon as possible. There are no stipulations in the STPCD covering this eventuality, so a school policy should attempt to anticipate it.
[ 1858, 12444, 284, 307, 257, 3580, 286, 8287, 1022, 4266, 543, 423, 257, 1398, 1912, 40021, 25, 25430, 357, 8201, 11212, 11, 13430, 11, 11051, 10640, 8, 290, 883, 543, 389, 2426, 1912, 25, 1218, 3166, 357, 8201, 3504, 11, 718, 400, 1849, 687, 737, 4042, 9233, 4266, 290, 617, 25430, 2148, 350, 4537, 640, 287, 35732, 4510, 10991, 393, 7743, 9574, 13, 2773, 25430, 779, 15670, 7799, 284, 3002, 617, 393, 477, 286, 777, 10991, 13, 4650, 25430, 2148, 2035, 257, 1336, 1110, 790, 46327, 393, 2063, 1110, 790, 1285, 5017, 416, 257, 5127, 4701, 11, 287, 12, 4803, 3002, 4701, 393, 38312, 5603, 13, 198, 198, 26130, 82, 815, 423, 281, 4987, 2450, 319, 262, 8287, 286, 350, 4537, 640, 11, 475, 484, 389, 407, 2672, 284, 466, 523, 13, 4042, 286, 262, 2428, 11829, 351, 994, 460, 307, 14486, 416, 884, 257, 2450, 290, 281, 4987, 4610, 973, 13, 4042, 4266, 351, 35732, 4510, 10991, 286, 350, 4537, 640, 11206, 281, 772, 12, 448, 3164, 25, 2994, 286, 530, 393, 517, 7021, 286, 640, 389, 25751, 284, 5236, 503, 1028, 640, 8618, 379, 1194, 640, 13, 198, 198, 4366, 286, 262, 1708, 2683, 15124, 41889, 284, 4266, 543, 11206, 257, 2063, 393, 1336, 1110, 8287, 286, 350, 4537, 640, 198, 198, 2061, 318, 350, 4537, 640, 30, 198, 198, 47, 4537, 318, 21913, 11, 38397, 341, 290, 25809, 640, 11, 543, 373, 925, 257, 20693, 826, 329, 477, 7799, 11, 1390, 883, 287, 262, 5531, 1448, 11, 422, 33424, 5075, 13, 383, 3961, 32426, 7119, 290, 27617, 16854, 1849, 49123, 262, 1708, 2173, 845, 1598, 25, 198, 198, 47, 4537, 640, 318, 636, 286, 262, 1105, 2996, 7924, 2250, 329, 1729, 12, 37553, 1056, 7799, 198, 198, 3237, 7799, 351, 257, 7743, 40021, 11, 1390, 6665, 290, 21861, 11, 389, 9080, 284, 350, 4537, 640, 198, 198, 47, 4537, 640, 1276, 307, 645, 1342, 621, 838, 4, 286, 262, 4701, 447, 247, 82, 35732, 4510, 7743, 640, 198, 198, 47, 4537, 640, 460, 691, 307, 2810, 287, 4991, 286, 407, 1342, 621, 1542, 2431, 11, 564, 246, 42122, 883, 3354, 286, 262, 1524, 640, 12, 11487, 287, 543, 25613, 389, 7817, 262, 4755, 290, 584, 8489, 7481, 393, 4158, 3707, 447, 247, 13, 1002, 257, 4701, 468, 2534, 13, 20, 2250, 286, 35732, 4510, 7743, 640, 484, 1276, 3328, 362, 13, 1495, 2250, 286, 350, 4537, 640, 583, 1285, 11, 543, 460, 307, 5445, 510, 656, 7021, 475, 611, 262, 1524, 447, 247, 82, 3912, 318, 284, 2148, 428, 287, 513, 7021, 4844, 460, 307, 12238, 621, 1542, 2431, 523, 611, 262, 4701, 468, 362, 2250, 286, 350, 4537, 35732, 4510, 11, 262, 1315, 2431, 561, 423, 284, 307, 19273, 510, 284, 1542, 13, 25929, 10991, 286, 352, 11840, 290, 352, 39436, 1315, 2431, 561, 1826, 262, 5288, 9079, 13, 376, 37810, 286, 281, 1711, 460, 407, 307, 19273, 866, 13, 198, 198, 32, 4701, 460, 407, 307, 2672, 284, 3283, 503, 597, 584, 10741, 1141, 511, 350, 4537, 640, 11, 1390, 9505, 329, 13717, 7810, 13, 198, 198, 6090, 616, 1524, 5409, 407, 284, 423, 350, 4537, 640, 30, 198, 198, 47, 4537, 640, 318, 281, 28963, 329, 477, 7799, 287, 9456, 4266, 13, 198, 198, 8241, 5240, 6231, 350, 4537, 640, 30, 198, 198, 1026, 318, 262, 5798, 286, 262, 1182, 660, 3493, 284, 4155, 326, 350, 4537, 640, 318, 6027, 329, 290, 3017, 319, 262, 1981, 7799, 447, 247, 35732, 2977, 13, 198, 198, 2437, 881, 350, 4537, 640, 815, 314, 307, 1972, 30, 198, 198, 10871, 4701, 447, 247, 82, 350, 4537, 640, 815, 307, 257, 5288, 286, 838, 4, 286, 262, 640, 484, 4341, 7743, 13, 770, 561, 19607, 9457, 11, 37398, 357, 25252, 262, 976, 1048, 318, 3756, 262, 976, 37398, 1123, 1285, 290, 262, 2695, 318, 1775, 355, 636, 286, 262, 1524, 447, 247, 82, 20583, 828, 1729, 12, 32057, 640, 286, 597, 6764, 11, 9352, 11, 1296, 48680, 9574, 290, 3131, 18363, 934, 4568, 13, 6350, 257, 362, 1285, 40021, 318, 287, 779, 262, 2033, 286, 7743, 640, 815, 307, 2087, 510, 1973, 1111, 2745, 290, 262, 350, 4537, 640, 20467, 4104, 1973, 262, 362, 2745, 13, 29521, 290, 3504, 1524, 7799, 290, 1104, 7799, 561, 1064, 2192, 1064, 340, 4577, 284, 2391, 751, 262, 1271, 286, 511, 7743, 9574, 1978, 13, 198, 198, 2437, 881, 350, 4537, 640, 815, 314, 307, 1972, 355, 281, 399, 48, 51, 30, 198, 198, 45, 48, 33758, 423, 3446, 262, 976, 28963, 284, 350, 4537, 640, 355, 790, 584, 4701, 13, 383, 691, 3580, 4786, 262, 17952, 286, 7743, 640, 25, 399, 48, 33758, 389, 9080, 284, 838, 4, 286, 257, 13975, 4701, 447, 247, 82, 7743, 640, 355, 1729, 12, 32057, 640, 1123, 1285, 290, 428, 815, 307, 48512, 422, 511, 10273, 393, 46327, 306, 2472, 878, 26019, 262, 5288, 838, 7225, 198, 198, 2437, 881, 350, 4537, 640, 815, 314, 307, 1972, 319, 257, 636, 12, 2435, 2775, 30, 198, 198, 7841, 12, 2435, 7743, 2250, 460, 307, 2087, 510, 287, 262, 976, 835, 355, 329, 584, 7799, 290, 838, 4064, 10488, 13, 20879, 257, 1524, 2472, 290, 788, 11524, 257, 32465, 13390, 286, 910, 657, 13, 21, 329, 257, 513, 14, 20, 1528, 2775, 318, 2192, 407, 355, 9314, 355, 262, 1966, 2446, 13, 198, 198, 40, 716, 257, 5127, 4701, 11, 716, 314, 9080, 284, 350, 4537, 640, 30, 198, 198, 2949, 13, 1081, 351, 867, 584, 4701, 44594, 902, 11462, 416, 262, 32426, 7119, 290, 27617, 16854, 11, 5127, 7799, 466, 407, 423, 597, 28963, 284, 350, 4537, 13, 1002, 345, 389, 9322, 319, 257, 3218, 5969, 640, 379, 262, 976, 1524, 329, 257, 20573, 2278, 290, 262, 1524, 7893, 345, 284, 1410, 11, 393, 655, 5262, 5410, 8292, 11, 355, 880, 355, 1317, 262, 670, 900, 11, 788, 345, 815, 2112, 281, 5035, 2033, 286, 350, 4537, 640, 351, 262, 1182, 13, 198, 198, 6090, 314, 307, 7924, 284, 25340, 1948, 8861, 1141, 616, 350, 4537, 640, 11, 304, 13, 70, 13, 3002, 329, 257, 16008, 11, 5262, 257, 1781, 393, 3249, 30, 198, 198, 2949, 13, 1849, 921, 460, 307, 1965, 475, 262, 1524, 460, 407, 2421, 340, 13, 554, 262, 5353, 286, 36374, 11, 7209, 2491, 286, 262, 1524, 11, 262, 9490, 286, 1751, 393, 2391, 780, 340, 14803, 345, 11, 345, 1244, 4601, 284, 16075, 534, 350, 4537, 640, 351, 1194, 4701, 393, 29135, 262, 350, 4537, 640, 284, 1194, 6695, 11, 326, 318, 510, 284, 345, 11, 475, 534, 350, 4537, 640, 318, 281, 28963, 11, 11462, 416, 262, 3563, 5662, 35, 11, 340, 318, 407, 257, 4414, 393, 11941, 13, 17546, 278, 329, 281, 13717, 16008, 318, 5734, 4750, 355, 852, 18010, 13, 198, 198, 8241, 5621, 290, 8849, 262, 670, 618, 314, 716, 319, 350, 4537, 640, 30, 198, 198, 1858, 318, 645, 9079, 319, 257, 4701, 284, 1410, 11658, 484, 481, 407, 4545, 475, 355, 351, 584, 5017, 11658, 11, 7090, 3381, 15221, 481, 2192, 423, 587, 6027, 13, 1002, 257, 3218, 5127, 4701, 11, 38312, 5603, 393, 287, 12, 4803, 3002, 4701, 318, 973, 484, 815, 1410, 290, 1317, 670, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 4325, 611, 262, 3002, 4701, 318, 13717, 30, 198, 198, 464, 1524, 815, 21674, 329, 257, 9014, 290, 611, 326, 17021, 5340, 290, 262, 350, 4537, 640, 460, 407, 307, 2810, 340, 815, 307, 15032, 355, 2582, 355, 1744, 13, 383, 1524, 815, 1849, 3002, 428, 19657, 414, 287, 663, 2450, 13, 198, 198, 6090, 616, 350, 4537, 640, 307, 3017, 287, 281, 3268, 28480, 1110, 30, 198, 198, 2949, 11, 3268, 28480, 1528, 389, 281, 28963, 284, 327, 5760, 475, 534, 1182, 460, 7969, 9903, 378, 606, 284, 307, 973, 287, 584, 2842, 329, 584, 4959, 13, 350, 4537, 640, 1276, 1011, 1295, 1141, 7817, 10991, 11, 4377, 350, 4537, 640, 4438, 284, 3085, 287, 428, 835, 318, 3224, 284, 262, 838, 4, 28963, 13, 198, 198, 6090, 616, 1182, 1011, 1497, 616, 350, 4537, 640, 618, 21787, 3432, 393, 24268, 2666, 30, 198, 198, 2949, 13, 383, 1524, 1276, 5409, 1771, 393, 407, 284, 7264, 3432, 393, 24268, 2666, 287, 10213, 351, 663, 3487, 2450, 13, 1002, 534, 350, 4537, 640, 4325, 284, 2121, 319, 326, 1110, 262, 1524, 447, 247, 82, 2450, 329, 7219, 351, 884, 19657, 871, 815, 307, 9177, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 4325, 611, 262, 1524, 318, 4838, 319, 262, 1110, 314, 423, 350, 4537, 640, 30, 198, 198, 464, 1524, 447, 247, 82, 2450, 815, 23794, 262, 19657, 414, 286, 6027, 32149, 357, 39, 10180, 592, 11, 14219, 12579, 8, 355, 880, 355, 555, 36800, 32149, 357, 23563, 11, 16930, 393, 584, 2139, 14608, 11, 8526, 3503, 737, 383, 7989, 286, 772, 12, 448, 2499, 880, 611, 262, 1524, 3544, 262, 564, 246, 41007, 82, 447, 247, 2746, 475, 611, 350, 4537, 640, 318, 2810, 287, 1528, 393, 2063, 1528, 262, 2928, 318, 523, 1049, 326, 262, 6027, 2352, 3007, 815, 423, 587, 14486, 11, 611, 484, 547, 407, 788, 262, 1524, 815, 11169, 262, 2626, 640, 13, 554, 262, 1785, 286, 281, 555, 36800, 16512, 262, 1524, 815, 423, 257, 2450, 284, 3002, 262, 19657, 414, 290, 262, 1255, 481, 423, 284, 307, 22368, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 4325, 611, 314, 716, 572, 1849, 6639, 319, 262, 1110, 314, 423, 616, 350, 4537, 640, 30, 198, 198, 1532, 262, 1524, 468, 281, 772, 12, 448, 2450, 345, 561, 2391, 4425, 534, 350, 4537, 640, 11, 355, 11, 416, 262, 976, 7989, 11, 611, 345, 389, 572, 6639, 329, 604, 1528, 475, 1441, 284, 670, 319, 262, 1110, 345, 651, 534, 350, 4537, 640, 340, 815, 407, 307, 2626, 393, 5322, 13, 198, 198, 6090, 616, 35732, 4510, 350, 4537, 640, 307, 16769, 290, 1813, 736, 30, 198, 198, 3633, 340, 318, 407, 922, 3357, 329, 4266, 284, 14241, 350, 4537, 640, 379, 1790, 4003, 11, 49591, 5917, 460, 2251, 7445, 543, 481, 16857, 1612, 326, 350, 4537, 640, 1244, 423, 284, 307, 16769, 11, 3573, 287, 21087, 20357, 13, 632, 318, 262, 1524, 447, 247, 82, 5798, 284, 4155, 326, 262, 2033, 286, 350, 4537, 640, 2626, 287, 428, 835, 318, 6264, 290, 1813, 736, 284, 262, 4701, 355, 2582, 355, 1744, 13, 198, 198, 1858, 389, 645, 22111, 5768, 287, 262, 3563, 5662, 35, 9505, 428, 19657, 414, 11, 523, 257, 1524, 2450, 815, 2230, 284, 23794, 340, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,735
Take the 2-minute tour × I have started a download using Icon Downloader for NT that doesn't look like it will ever finish. In my notification area, it has survived two reboots and the uninstallation of the app. How can I get rid of it? share|improve this question God I hate download manager. It's possibly the buggiest piece of software on Android even on ICS. –  Richard Borcsik May 6 '12 at 10:34 4 Answers 4 up vote 4 down vote accepted Usually if you long press on the downloading item in download manager there's an option to delete it, thus stopping the download. If this doesn't work you can clear the Download Manager's data. Settings -> Apps -> All Tab -> Download Manager Here press force stop, than clear data. Now reboot. share|improve this answer Apologies for resurrecting an old thread but I just had the same problem of needing to stop a download and solved the problem by activating Aeroplane Mode. A less invasive solution and more easily reached in the UI - for anyone else ending up here from Google (like I did :-)) share|improve this answer Long press the notification and select "App Info". This will take you to the application which is responsible for the download, which you can then force stop. share|improve this answer In Android 4.4 (KitKat) / Galaxy S5, go to Settings > Under Applications section > Application Manager > All. Look for Download manager. Force stop, Clear data, and Clear cache. share|improve this answer Your Answer
[ 12322, 262, 362, 12, 11374, 4205, 13958, 198, 198, 40, 423, 2067, 257, 4321, 1262, 26544, 10472, 263, 329, 24563, 326, 1595, 470, 804, 588, 340, 481, 1683, 5461, 13, 554, 616, 14483, 1989, 11, 340, 468, 11803, 734, 3405, 13880, 290, 262, 43194, 341, 286, 262, 598, 13, 1374, 460, 314, 651, 5755, 286, 340, 30, 198, 198, 20077, 91, 49453, 428, 1808, 198, 13482, 314, 5465, 4321, 4706, 13, 632, 338, 5457, 262, 809, 1130, 6386, 3704, 286, 3788, 319, 5565, 772, 319, 314, 7902, 13, 784, 1849, 6219, 12182, 6359, 1134, 1737, 718, 705, 1065, 379, 838, 25, 2682, 198, 198, 19, 42612, 604, 198, 198, 929, 3015, 604, 866, 3015, 6292, 198, 198, 37887, 611, 345, 890, 1803, 319, 262, 22023, 2378, 287, 4321, 4706, 612, 338, 281, 3038, 284, 12233, 340, 11, 4145, 12225, 262, 4321, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 428, 1595, 470, 670, 345, 460, 1598, 262, 10472, 9142, 338, 1366, 13, 198, 198, 26232, 4613, 27710, 4613, 1439, 16904, 4613, 10472, 9142, 198, 198, 4342, 1803, 2700, 2245, 11, 621, 1598, 1366, 13, 2735, 20149, 13, 198, 198, 20077, 91, 49453, 428, 3280, 198, 198, 25189, 5823, 329, 27603, 278, 281, 1468, 4704, 475, 314, 655, 550, 262, 976, 1917, 286, 18139, 284, 2245, 257, 4321, 290, 16019, 262, 1917, 416, 35795, 15781, 20106, 1531, 10363, 13, 198, 198, 32, 1342, 27376, 4610, 290, 517, 3538, 4251, 287, 262, 12454, 532, 329, 2687, 2073, 7464, 510, 994, 422, 3012, 357, 2339, 314, 750, 1058, 12, 4008, 198, 198, 20077, 91, 49453, 428, 3280, 198, 198, 14617, 1803, 262, 14483, 290, 2922, 366, 4677, 14151, 1911, 770, 481, 1011, 345, 284, 262, 3586, 543, 318, 4497, 329, 262, 4321, 11, 543, 345, 460, 788, 2700, 2245, 13, 198, 198, 20077, 91, 49453, 428, 3280, 198, 198, 818, 5565, 604, 13, 19, 357, 20827, 25881, 8, 1220, 9252, 311, 20, 11, 467, 284, 16163, 1875, 4698, 26622, 2665, 1875, 15678, 9142, 1875, 1439, 13, 6803, 329, 10472, 4706, 13, 5221, 2245, 11, 11459, 1366, 11, 290, 11459, 12940, 13, 198, 198, 20077, 91, 49453, 428, 3280, 198, 198, 7120, 23998, 628, 198, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
358
really awful Crashes / Fires: 1 / 1 Injuries / Deaths: 0 / 0 Average Mileage: 5,133 miles About These NHTSA Complaints: 2002 Honda Odyssey electrical problems electrical problem Find something helpful? Spread the word. Unsubscribe any time. We don't sell/share your email. 2002 Honda Odyssey Owner Comments problem #3 Jul 152004 Odyssey 6-cyl • Automatic transmission • 10,398 miles While driving, all the warning lights illuminated on the dashboard. The dealership replaced the alternator on November 2002 then the consumer received a NHTSA recall letter on the alternator. The dealership replaced the alternator. One month later, while driving the problem recurred. The dealer replaced the component on April 29, 2003. - East Brunswick, NJ, USA problem #2 May 102004 • miles Consumer states while driving, sometimes all the indicator dash lights came on. The consumer was told by the mechanic, since they were unable to duplicate the problem, they could not repair the vehicle. Then she states the same thing happened again and she took the vehicle to the dealer, this time she states they told her that the problem was her alternator, which they replaced. Then she states on 4/16/04, while she was driving all the indicator lights came on again, but this time she heard a funny noise. She states that her spouse, then got out of the vehicle and lifted the hood. There he found that the serpertine belt had come completely off. - Pembroke Pines, FL, USA problem #1 Jul 212003 Odyssey 6-cyl • Automatic transmission • 5,000 miles When driving my Odyssey, normally in the 30-50 mph range, all or most of the dashboard indicator and warning lights will flash intermittently for a brief second or two. The numerous (25 + ) times this has happened is frightening because one thinks the van has stalled. There seems to be no pattern or connection such as playing/not playing radio, A/C, amount of gas, etc... I will say 75-85% of the occurences happen on the road leading to our subdivision (usually 30-50 mph driving). Also, I'm sure there have been instances I have missed it because it can happen so quickly; one actually has to be looking at the panel. Honda says to drive the van since it is not stalling and there appears to be no inherent danger. Honda's policy is they cannot do anything until they replicate the problem. Interesting! what are they going to do when it happens --- there's no time to take a picture. I've considered running a video camera, but it's so unpredictable when it will happen. There seems to be about a dozen different instances of this happening (according to Honda), but they cannot replicate the problem. Guess what" the replication is not likely going to happen unless a service manager or technician takes temporary ownership of one of these vehicles for a month or two. Sometimes the flashing occurs once every month or two, maybe several times in one day or a week. Just because the service technicians cannot duplicate the problem, does that mean some of us are hallucinating? is anything being done or explored based on the information given. Honda, imagine this: If you actually replicated the problem and saw all the dashboard panel warning and service lights flash, what would that mean to you and what would you do" this is not imaginary! I am keeping written documentation of each time this issue is checked and reported, mainly for post-warranty issues. - Knoxville, TN, USA Not what you are looking for?
[ 628, 198, 27485, 12659, 198, 13916, 7465, 1220, 47702, 25, 198, 16, 1220, 352, 198, 818, 47496, 1220, 37044, 25, 198, 15, 1220, 657, 198, 26287, 26004, 496, 25, 198, 20, 11, 16945, 4608, 198, 198, 8585, 2312, 399, 6535, 4090, 20011, 6003, 25, 628, 198, 198, 16942, 20059, 28032, 12278, 2761, 198, 198, 9509, 8143, 1917, 198, 198, 16742, 1223, 7613, 30, 31843, 262, 1573, 13, 198, 198, 3118, 7266, 12522, 597, 640, 13, 775, 836, 470, 3677, 14, 20077, 534, 3053, 13, 198, 198, 16942, 20059, 28032, 23853, 19502, 198, 198, 45573, 1303, 18, 198, 198, 16980, 1315, 15724, 198, 198, 46, 67, 23784, 718, 12, 38801, 628, 50286, 3581, 30199, 11478, 198, 50286, 3581, 838, 11, 31952, 4608, 628, 198, 3633, 5059, 11, 477, 262, 6509, 7588, 35162, 319, 262, 30415, 13, 383, 44843, 6928, 262, 3983, 1352, 319, 3389, 6244, 788, 262, 7172, 2722, 257, 399, 6535, 4090, 10014, 3850, 319, 262, 3983, 1352, 13, 383, 44843, 6928, 262, 3983, 1352, 13, 1881, 1227, 1568, 11, 981, 5059, 262, 1917, 664, 12808, 13, 383, 16456, 6928, 262, 7515, 319, 3035, 2808, 11, 5816, 13, 198, 198, 12, 3687, 32211, 11, 18732, 11, 4916, 198, 198, 45573, 1303, 17, 198, 198, 6747, 838, 15724, 628, 198, 50286, 3581, 4608, 198, 49106, 2585, 981, 5059, 11, 3360, 477, 262, 16916, 14470, 7588, 1625, 319, 13, 383, 7172, 373, 1297, 416, 262, 21600, 11, 1201, 484, 547, 5906, 284, 23418, 262, 1917, 11, 484, 714, 407, 9185, 262, 4038, 13, 3244, 673, 2585, 262, 976, 1517, 3022, 757, 290, 673, 1718, 262, 4038, 284, 262, 16456, 11, 428, 640, 673, 2585, 484, 1297, 607, 326, 262, 1917, 373, 607, 3983, 1352, 11, 543, 484, 6928, 13, 3244, 673, 2585, 319, 604, 14, 1433, 14, 3023, 11, 981, 673, 373, 5059, 477, 262, 16916, 7588, 1625, 319, 757, 11, 475, 428, 640, 673, 2982, 257, 8258, 7838, 13, 1375, 2585, 326, 607, 16731, 11, 788, 1392, 503, 286, 262, 4038, 290, 13663, 262, 14263, 13, 1318, 339, 1043, 326, 262, 1055, 11766, 500, 10999, 550, 1282, 3190, 572, 13, 198, 198, 12, 350, 368, 7957, 365, 350, 1127, 11, 9977, 11, 4916, 198, 198, 45573, 1303, 16, 198, 198, 16980, 23679, 11245, 198, 198, 46, 67, 23784, 718, 12, 38801, 628, 50286, 3581, 30199, 11478, 198, 50286, 3581, 642, 11, 830, 4608, 198, 2215, 5059, 616, 28032, 11, 7685, 287, 262, 1542, 12, 1120, 16462, 2837, 11, 477, 393, 749, 286, 262, 30415, 16916, 290, 6509, 7588, 481, 7644, 30598, 1473, 329, 257, 4506, 1218, 393, 734, 13, 383, 6409, 357, 1495, 1343, 1267, 1661, 428, 468, 3022, 318, 23101, 780, 530, 6834, 262, 5719, 468, 29759, 13, 1318, 2331, 284, 307, 645, 3912, 393, 4637, 884, 355, 2712, 14, 1662, 2712, 5243, 11, 317, 14, 34, 11, 2033, 286, 3623, 11, 3503, 986, 314, 481, 910, 5441, 12, 5332, 4, 286, 262, 1609, 495, 3179, 1645, 319, 262, 2975, 3756, 284, 674, 29648, 357, 23073, 1542, 12, 1120, 16462, 5059, 737, 4418, 11, 314, 1101, 1654, 612, 423, 587, 10245, 314, 423, 6825, 340, 780, 340, 460, 1645, 523, 2952, 26, 530, 1682, 468, 284, 307, 2045, 379, 262, 6103, 13, 20059, 1139, 284, 3708, 262, 5719, 1201, 340, 318, 407, 336, 9221, 290, 612, 3568, 284, 307, 645, 11519, 3514, 13, 20059, 338, 2450, 318, 484, 2314, 466, 1997, 1566, 484, 24340, 262, 1917, 13, 43580, 0, 644, 389, 484, 1016, 284, 466, 618, 340, 4325, 11420, 612, 338, 645, 640, 284, 1011, 257, 4286, 13, 314, 1053, 3177, 2491, 257, 2008, 4676, 11, 475, 340, 338, 523, 22900, 618, 340, 481, 1645, 13, 1318, 2331, 284, 307, 546, 257, 8667, 1180, 10245, 286, 428, 5836, 357, 38169, 284, 20059, 828, 475, 484, 2314, 24340, 262, 1917, 13, 37571, 644, 1, 262, 30330, 318, 407, 1884, 1016, 284, 1645, 4556, 257, 2139, 4706, 393, 33024, 2753, 8584, 9238, 286, 530, 286, 777, 5672, 329, 257, 1227, 393, 734, 13, 8975, 262, 25293, 8833, 1752, 790, 1227, 393, 734, 11, 3863, 1811, 1661, 287, 530, 1110, 393, 257, 1285, 13, 2329, 780, 262, 2139, 33519, 2314, 23418, 262, 1917, 11, 857, 326, 1612, 617, 286, 514, 389, 23251, 6010, 30, 318, 1997, 852, 1760, 393, 18782, 1912, 319, 262, 1321, 1813, 13, 20059, 11, 5967, 428, 25, 1002, 345, 1682, 35108, 262, 1917, 290, 2497, 477, 262, 30415, 6103, 6509, 290, 2139, 7588, 7644, 11, 644, 561, 326, 1612, 284, 345, 290, 644, 561, 345, 466, 1, 428, 318, 407, 26726, 0, 314, 716, 5291, 3194, 10314, 286, 1123, 640, 428, 2071, 318, 10667, 290, 2098, 11, 8384, 329, 1281, 12, 86, 3258, 46098, 2428, 13, 198, 198, 12, 27633, 4244, 11, 29025, 11, 4916, 198, 198, 3673, 644, 345, 389, 2045, 329, 30, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
796
Scholar-Athlete Profile: Andrew Triggs USC co-captain Andrew Triggs Feb. 14, 2012 Scholar-Athlete Profile: Andrew Triggs Sport: Baseball Class: Senior (Graduate Student) Major: Business Administration (MBA) Growing up did your parents always support an academics first attitude? Growing up I never really saw athletics as a viable way to even make a living and there is a chance for that kind of possibility to be on the horizon, but really from the earliest age academics were stressed in my household. It's sort of been my mantra through undergrad and now on to grad school. Was college baseball always part of the plan? No, college baseball sort of became part of the plan half way through my junior year of high school. I saw that it might be a possibility and started taking things a lot more seriously. But from day one academics were always important and I always loved baseball, but I just didn't really see it as a realistic way to move forward until later in high school. Were academics a big part of you attending USC? No question it was a big part of it. The recruiting process with USC came about sort of last minute. I definitely wouldn't have ended up here or wanted to be here if the academics weren't as top-notch as they are. Having this strong academic foundation was unquestionably huge. What made you choose a political science major as an undergraduate? I took all of the government AP courses in high school and liked it and took a few as a freshman here. Enjoyed the major but always knew that political science was a layup for law school. And my father was an attorney, and moved on to business so I sort of new I was going to end up getting an MBA somewhere down the line. That was sort of always where my interests were. So when the opportunity presented itself that I could get started on that even earlier I seized it. As an undergrad was there a favorite class or professor or something fun that you took? Yeah, I took a Dostoevsky course with Professor Marcus Levitt in the Slavic languages and literature department. It was really interesting. One of the best things about political science is it was a relatively small major in the number of units, so I was able to take whatever I wanted to in lots of other courses. I could take art history or English or comparative literature or econ classes. I had fun with my undergraduate degree with picking and choosing classes that I thought were fun. You were selected by the San Francisco Giants but choose to come back to USC to pursue an MBA. Why books before baseball? I got rid of all my furniture and drove my car back to Nashville. I was ready to move on. I didn't know where I was going to get drafted. In all seriousness I thought it would possibly be a little higher, but even when it happen, I said this is going to be the next step I'm definitely going to sign and move on with it. As things developed over the summer with the opportunity to start a graduate degree, I decided I wanted to pursue it immediately. I came back here and play another year here at USC and possibly take care of some unfinished business from a baseball standpoint. We have a great core of guys and I think this is a group that could go on to regionals and possibly do something bigger. Once the MBA came into the picture I really started to take more seriously the idea of coming back. It was really something I didn't even consider until mid-way through July. You hope continue to play baseball for as long as possible but do you have any plans or goals to but your graduate studies to use? In a perfect world it's just sort of a back pocket thing after many, many years in the big leagues. But when your 50? Right now I don't know exactly where it's going to take me from a business stand point. The broader stuff like consulting or banking seem interesting but at the end of the day the idea of building a company or building an organization and having something that is your own is really appealing to me. Is there a specific emphasis you are studying or are interested in? Not yet, after the first year, which is foundational core courses that you have to take, you get to start moving more towards your concentration. I think I'm going to move towards finance once I get down to it. I think it provides the best foundation for what I think I want to do, so we'll see what happens. This is your first year as a graduate student how is going so far? It's good. It's really not too much of a transition from undergrad. Your classmates are definitely a little bit older and everyone is taking the material seriously because everyone is trying to better themselves. The courses are interesting for the most part and the professors have been great. I like it so far. Being an undergraduate student-athlete can be pretty time consuming. Is it different being a graduate student and an athlete? The majority of my classes are at night which means I have to get the majority of my work done during the day in between weights in the morning and practice in the afternoon so really besides when I do my work it really hasn't been that big of a transition. Even with the busy schedule do you still feel like you got the "college experience?" Oh absolutely. In the spring when you're traveling and playing four or five games a week it gets hectic. Your job is to be a student and your job is to play baseball games, so from there you are pretty two-dimensional in the spring. But in the fall you get to go the football games, get to be more of a college student. The stuff you get to do with baseball, traveling places and to play the College World Series is a blast and I wouldn't have wanted for my college experience to be any other way. I really like it. Is there anything that you learned as a student that transferred into helping you be a better athlete or vice versa? Something that I found out, that I think is true for a lot of people, is that you play up to your competition. If you challenge yourself with a class with the people who are in that class, then you are generally going to perform up to their level or maybe beyond them and the same thing with baseball. If you are playing in the PAC-12 in baseball you are playing with some of the stronger teams in the country. And at the end of the day the good teams and the good players, play up to those high levels of competition. That's something I feel overlaps between the classroom and baseball. So I always like challenging myself with a little tougher course work. Do you have a favorite academic moment or concept or ideas that you can look back on and make you smile? I feel like in every course you're going to have a "eureka" moment. But I think my proudest moment was right after Thanksgiving break last year and I had 5 papers due in 5 days. And I counted the total number of pages that were due and it ended up being something like 60 odd pages that I had to crank out. And one of them was a 20-page research paper. So I think just getting through that week successful was maybe a shining moment. What has been the best part about being a student-athlete? The blend and the mix of people you get to interact with from all of the other sports here. We have athletes who will go on to play professionally and others that have played on the international level. Everybody has an interesting story and the diverse group of people you get to interact with on a daily basis is the most intriguing aspect for me. We get to travel and go to different places during the year. Last year we got to go to Houston for a tournament, the year before we went to Hawaii and I think we're going to North Carolina this year. It's challenging, but fun to be a student and get to travel and get to play your sport throughout the year.
[ 14874, 6192, 12, 32, 400, 5807, 13118, 25, 6858, 833, 20340, 628, 50284, 2937, 34, 763, 12, 27144, 391, 6858, 833, 20340, 628, 50284, 15146, 13, 1478, 11, 2321, 628, 50284, 14874, 6192, 12, 32, 400, 5807, 13118, 25, 6858, 833, 20340, 198, 50284, 42576, 25, 17362, 198, 50284, 9487, 25, 14017, 357, 42731, 4985, 13613, 8, 198, 50284, 24206, 25, 7320, 8694, 357, 44, 4339, 8, 628, 50284, 43964, 510, 750, 534, 3397, 1464, 1104, 281, 22321, 717, 9408, 30, 198, 50284, 43964, 510, 314, 1239, 1107, 2497, 35691, 355, 257, 13971, 835, 284, 772, 787, 257, 2877, 290, 612, 318, 257, 2863, 329, 326, 1611, 286, 5885, 284, 307, 319, 262, 17810, 11, 475, 1107, 422, 262, 14555, 2479, 22321, 547, 15033, 287, 616, 6641, 13, 632, 338, 3297, 286, 587, 616, 32628, 832, 43485, 290, 783, 319, 284, 3915, 1524, 13, 628, 50284, 16973, 4152, 9283, 1464, 636, 286, 262, 1410, 30, 198, 50284, 2949, 11, 4152, 9283, 3297, 286, 2627, 636, 286, 262, 1410, 2063, 835, 832, 616, 13430, 614, 286, 1029, 1524, 13, 314, 2497, 326, 340, 1244, 307, 257, 5885, 290, 2067, 2263, 1243, 257, 1256, 517, 6411, 13, 887, 422, 1110, 530, 22321, 547, 1464, 1593, 290, 314, 1464, 6151, 9283, 11, 475, 314, 655, 1422, 470, 1107, 766, 340, 355, 257, 12653, 835, 284, 1445, 2651, 1566, 1568, 287, 1029, 1524, 13, 628, 50284, 35653, 22321, 257, 1263, 636, 286, 345, 11969, 18928, 30, 198, 50284, 2949, 1808, 340, 373, 257, 1263, 636, 286, 340, 13, 383, 16517, 1429, 351, 18928, 1625, 546, 3297, 286, 938, 5664, 13, 314, 4753, 3636, 470, 423, 4444, 510, 994, 393, 2227, 284, 307, 994, 611, 262, 22321, 6304, 470, 355, 1353, 12, 1662, 354, 355, 484, 389, 13, 11136, 428, 1913, 8233, 8489, 373, 38766, 1346, 3236, 13, 628, 50284, 2061, 925, 345, 3853, 257, 1964, 3783, 1688, 355, 281, 22952, 30, 198, 50284, 40, 1718, 477, 286, 262, 1230, 3486, 10902, 287, 1029, 1524, 290, 8288, 340, 290, 1718, 257, 1178, 355, 257, 18621, 994, 13, 18179, 276, 262, 1688, 475, 1464, 2993, 326, 1964, 3783, 373, 257, 3830, 929, 329, 1099, 1524, 13, 843, 616, 2988, 373, 281, 6136, 11, 290, 3888, 319, 284, 1597, 523, 314, 3297, 286, 649, 314, 373, 1016, 284, 886, 510, 1972, 281, 45517, 7382, 866, 262, 1627, 13, 1320, 373, 3297, 286, 1464, 810, 616, 5353, 547, 13, 1406, 618, 262, 3663, 5545, 2346, 326, 314, 714, 651, 2067, 319, 326, 772, 2961, 314, 12000, 340, 13, 628, 50284, 1722, 281, 43485, 373, 612, 257, 4004, 1398, 393, 6240, 393, 1223, 1257, 326, 345, 1718, 30, 198, 50284, 10995, 11, 314, 1718, 257, 360, 455, 78, 1990, 15688, 1781, 351, 8129, 17068, 16042, 715, 287, 262, 34314, 291, 8950, 290, 9285, 5011, 13, 632, 373, 1107, 3499, 13, 1881, 286, 262, 1266, 1243, 546, 1964, 3783, 318, 340, 373, 257, 5365, 1402, 1688, 287, 262, 1271, 286, 4991, 11, 523, 314, 373, 1498, 284, 1011, 4232, 314, 2227, 284, 287, 6041, 286, 584, 10902, 13, 314, 714, 1011, 1242, 2106, 393, 3594, 393, 29270, 9285, 393, 304, 1102, 6097, 13, 314, 550, 1257, 351, 616, 22952, 4922, 351, 10868, 290, 11236, 6097, 326, 314, 1807, 547, 1257, 13, 628, 628, 50284, 1639, 547, 6163, 416, 262, 2986, 6033, 12056, 475, 3853, 284, 1282, 736, 284, 18928, 284, 10660, 281, 45517, 13, 4162, 3835, 878, 9283, 30, 198, 50284, 40, 1392, 5755, 286, 477, 616, 13091, 290, 10357, 616, 1097, 736, 284, 19250, 13, 314, 373, 3492, 284, 1445, 319, 13, 314, 1422, 470, 760, 810, 314, 373, 1016, 284, 651, 15937, 13, 554, 477, 32095, 314, 1807, 340, 561, 5457, 307, 257, 1310, 2440, 11, 475, 772, 618, 340, 1645, 11, 314, 531, 428, 318, 1016, 284, 307, 262, 1306, 2239, 314, 1101, 4753, 1016, 284, 1051, 290, 1445, 319, 351, 340, 13, 1081, 1243, 4166, 625, 262, 3931, 351, 262, 3663, 284, 923, 257, 10428, 4922, 11, 314, 3066, 314, 2227, 284, 10660, 340, 3393, 13, 314, 1625, 736, 994, 290, 711, 1194, 614, 994, 379, 18928, 290, 5457, 1011, 1337, 286, 617, 34419, 1597, 422, 257, 9283, 22116, 13, 775, 423, 257, 1049, 4755, 286, 3730, 290, 314, 892, 428, 318, 257, 1448, 326, 714, 467, 319, 284, 3814, 874, 290, 5457, 466, 1223, 5749, 13, 4874, 262, 45517, 1625, 656, 262, 4286, 314, 1107, 2067, 284, 1011, 517, 6411, 262, 2126, 286, 2406, 736, 13, 632, 373, 1107, 1223, 314, 1422, 470, 772, 2074, 1566, 3095, 12, 1014, 832, 2901, 13, 628, 50284, 1639, 2911, 2555, 284, 711, 9283, 329, 355, 890, 355, 1744, 475, 466, 345, 423, 597, 3352, 393, 4661, 284, 475, 534, 10428, 3640, 284, 779, 30, 198, 50284, 818, 257, 2818, 995, 340, 338, 655, 3297, 286, 257, 736, 10000, 1517, 706, 867, 11, 867, 812, 287, 262, 1263, 16861, 13, 628, 50284, 1537, 618, 534, 2026, 30, 198, 50284, 11028, 783, 314, 836, 470, 760, 3446, 810, 340, 338, 1016, 284, 1011, 502, 422, 257, 1597, 1302, 966, 13, 383, 11622, 3404, 588, 18158, 393, 11754, 1283, 3499, 475, 379, 262, 886, 286, 262, 1110, 262, 2126, 286, 2615, 257, 1664, 393, 2615, 281, 4009, 290, 1719, 1223, 326, 318, 534, 898, 318, 1107, 16403, 284, 502, 13, 628, 50284, 3792, 612, 257, 2176, 12476, 345, 389, 11065, 393, 389, 4609, 287, 30, 198, 50284, 3673, 1865, 11, 706, 262, 717, 614, 11, 543, 318, 43936, 4755, 10902, 326, 345, 423, 284, 1011, 11, 345, 651, 284, 923, 3867, 517, 3371, 534, 10368, 13, 314, 892, 314, 1101, 1016, 284, 1445, 3371, 9604, 1752, 314, 651, 866, 284, 340, 13, 314, 892, 340, 3769, 262, 1266, 8489, 329, 644, 314, 892, 314, 765, 284, 466, 11, 523, 356, 1183, 766, 644, 4325, 13, 628, 50284, 1212, 318, 534, 717, 614, 355, 257, 10428, 3710, 703, 318, 1016, 523, 1290, 30, 198, 50284, 1026, 338, 922, 13, 632, 338, 1107, 407, 1165, 881, 286, 257, 6801, 422, 43485, 13, 3406, 28999, 389, 4753, 257, 1310, 1643, 4697, 290, 2506, 318, 2263, 262, 2587, 6411, 780, 2506, 318, 2111, 284, 1365, 2405, 13, 383, 10902, 389, 3499, 329, 262, 749, 636, 290, 262, 20339, 423, 587, 1049, 13, 314, 588, 340, 523, 1290, 13, 628, 50284, 18357, 281, 22952, 3710, 12, 776, 5807, 460, 307, 2495, 640, 18587, 13, 1148, 340, 1180, 852, 257, 10428, 3710, 290, 281, 16076, 30, 198, 50284, 464, 3741, 286, 616, 6097, 389, 379, 1755, 543, 1724, 314, 423, 284, 651, 262, 3741, 286, 616, 670, 1760, 1141, 262, 1110, 287, 1022, 19590, 287, 262, 3329, 290, 3357, 287, 262, 6672, 523, 1107, 13769, 618, 314, 466, 616, 670, 340, 1107, 5818, 470, 587, 326, 1263, 286, 257, 6801, 13, 628, 50284, 6104, 351, 262, 8179, 7269, 466, 345, 991, 1254, 588, 345, 1392, 262, 366, 44107, 1998, 1701, 198, 50284, 5812, 5543, 13, 554, 262, 6076, 618, 345, 821, 11300, 290, 2712, 1440, 393, 1936, 1830, 257, 1285, 340, 3011, 339, 11048, 13, 3406, 1693, 318, 284, 307, 257, 3710, 290, 534, 1693, 318, 284, 711, 9283, 1830, 11, 523, 422, 612, 345, 389, 2495, 734, 12, 19577, 287, 262, 6076, 13, 887, 287, 262, 2121, 345, 651, 284, 467, 262, 4346, 1830, 11, 651, 284, 307, 517, 286, 257, 4152, 3710, 13, 383, 3404, 345, 651, 284, 466, 351, 9283, 11, 11300, 4113, 290, 284, 711, 262, 5535, 2159, 7171, 318, 257, 11975, 290, 314, 3636, 470, 423, 2227, 329, 616, 4152, 1998, 284, 307, 597, 584, 835, 13, 314, 1107, 588, 340, 13, 628, 50284, 3792, 612, 1997, 326, 345, 4499, 355, 257, 3710, 326, 11172, 656, 5742, 345, 307, 257, 1365, 16076, 393, 7927, 25470, 30, 198, 50284, 22210, 326, 314, 1043, 503, 11, 326, 314, 892, 318, 2081, 329, 257, 1256, 286, 661, 11, 318, 326, 345, 711, 510, 284, 534, 5449, 13, 1002, 345, 4427, 3511, 351, 257, 1398, 351, 262, 661, 508, 389, 287, 326, 1398, 11, 788, 345, 389, 4143, 1016, 284, 1620, 510, 284, 511, 1241, 393, 3863, 3675, 606, 290, 262, 976, 1517, 351, 9283, 13, 1002, 345, 389, 2712, 287, 262, 16741, 12, 1065, 287, 9283, 345, 389, 2712, 351, 617, 286, 262, 7387, 3466, 287, 262, 1499, 13, 843, 379, 262, 886, 286, 262, 1110, 262, 922, 3466, 290, 262, 922, 1938, 11, 711, 510, 284, 883, 1029, 2974, 286, 5449, 13, 1320, 338, 1223, 314, 1254, 12893, 1686, 1022, 262, 15806, 290, 9283, 13, 1406, 314, 1464, 588, 9389, 3589, 351, 257, 1310, 20516, 1781, 670, 13, 628, 50284, 5211, 345, 423, 257, 4004, 8233, 2589, 393, 3721, 393, 4213, 326, 345, 460, 804, 736, 319, 290, 787, 345, 8212, 30, 198, 50284, 40, 1254, 588, 287, 790, 1781, 345, 821, 1016, 284, 423, 257, 366, 68, 495, 4914, 1, 2589, 13, 887, 314, 892, 616, 6613, 395, 2589, 373, 826, 706, 21494, 2270, 938, 614, 290, 314, 550, 642, 9473, 2233, 287, 642, 1528, 13, 843, 314, 14789, 262, 2472, 1271, 286, 5468, 326, 547, 2233, 290, 340, 4444, 510, 852, 1223, 588, 3126, 5629, 5468, 326, 314, 550, 284, 30425, 503, 13, 843, 530, 286, 606, 373, 257, 1160, 12, 7700, 2267, 3348, 13, 1406, 314, 892, 655, 1972, 832, 326, 1285, 4388, 373, 3863, 257, 22751, 2589, 13, 628, 50284, 2061, 468, 587, 262, 1266, 636, 546, 852, 257, 3710, 12, 776, 5807, 30, 198, 50284, 464, 13516, 290, 262, 5022, 286, 661, 345, 651, 284, 9427, 351, 422, 477, 286, 262, 584, 5701, 994, 13, 775, 423, 10856, 508, 481, 467, 319, 284, 711, 28049, 290, 1854, 326, 423, 2826, 319, 262, 3230, 1241, 13, 23080, 468, 281, 3499, 1621, 290, 262, 10084, 1448, 286, 661, 345, 651, 284, 9427, 351, 319, 257, 4445, 4308, 318, 262, 749, 19827, 4843, 329, 502, 13, 775, 651, 284, 3067, 290, 467, 284, 1180, 4113, 1141, 262, 614, 13, 4586, 614, 356, 1392, 284, 467, 284, 6995, 329, 257, 7756, 11, 262, 614, 878, 356, 1816, 284, 13708, 290, 314, 892, 356, 821, 1016, 284, 2258, 5913, 428, 614, 13, 632, 338, 9389, 11, 475, 1257, 284, 307, 257, 3710, 290, 651, 284, 3067, 290, 651, 284, 711, 534, 6332, 3690, 262, 614, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,703
Skip to main content Synthesis of methanol from captured carbon dioxide using surplus electricity Periodic Reporting for period 3 - MefCO2 (Synthesis of methanol from captured carbon dioxide using surplus electricity) Reporting period: 2018-06-01 to 2019-06-30 Aim: develop an innovative green chemical production technology contributing to the EU objectives of decreasing CO2 emissions and increasing renewable energy usage improving Europe’s competitiveness. Concept: ordinarily emitted CO2 and H2 produced from surplus renewable electricity into methanol. Technology designed in a modular intermediate-scale, able to adapt it to varying plant sizes and gas composition. -Mitigation of exhaust CO2 and reduction of GHG by replacing methanol produced from fossil fuels (NGV or coal) with methanol produced from CO2 and renewable energy. -Stabilisation of electric grid by the consumption of the electric energy at its peaks. MefCO2 allows to increase the power supplied from non-manageable renewable energy resources since surpluses can be used to produce valuable methanol. Fast ramping electrolysers provide ancillary services and replace fast acting fossil generation such as gas turbines. -Production of methanol as a versatile chemical for further conversion. The EU is a net importer of methanol and MefCO2 results contribute to the reduction of imports. Low carbon footprint methanol can be directly blended with gasoline or transformed into fuel additives (DME or MTBE),reducing fossil fuel imports and improving air quality due to the improved combustion. Depending on the CO2 source, MefCO2 low carbon methanol and fuel derivatives could comply with the RED requirements and be considered as renewable fuel of non-biological origin. Conclusions: the technology has been successfully deployed at RWEs lignite fired power plant in Germnay producing up to 1 ton of methanol from1.5 tons of CO2 captured. MefCO2 technology can be adapted to any CO2 source either from fossil origin such as steel mills, cement kilns, refineries, power plants, etc. Key components of the pilot process were a fast acting PEM 600kW electrolyser able to ramp up or down H2 production within seconds. This flexible operation is highly suited to adapt to power prices created by fluctuating renewable power and for grid stabilisation contributing to the increase of renewable power in the grid. A fast response rectifier patent was filed. Other key component is a methanol reactor able to modify its output (demonstrated in test campaigns). Unlike standard chemical process designed for steady operation, MefCO2 reactor was steadily operated not only at its nameplate capacity but also at 40% of it. It was able to ramp up and down production within minutes. The modular reactor design can be scaled up and plant output can be adapted. The combination of fast ramping a electrolysis unit and a flexible methanol reactor allows MefCO2 concept to operate without oversizing the electrolysis unit and using intermediate H2 storage that would be required in a conventional methanol plant. Methanol produced from renewable energy for H2 production turns into an energy vector for renewable energy storage with higher energy density than H2 that is easily stored and transported. In terms of novel catalyst development and process optimisation through multiscale process optimisation, a comprehensive work was carried out. More than 100 catalysts were synthetized, characterised and tested in different operation conditions. A patent for a new method of synthesis for high performance catalyst was filed. Pilot Plant:Methanol production: 1t day/CO2 capture: 1.5t day/PEM electrolyser 600kWel with improved dynamic response: 120 m3/h Test campaign under flexible operation conditions:Conversion efficiency exceeding the design criteria: 97% vs 91% (55 kg Crude MeOH/h)/Dynamic Operation performance improving design criteria: 40%/min. vs 20%/min (Loop reaction time from 5 to less than 3 minutes)/Flexible Operation demonstrated. LCA&Thermo-economic analysis:Net emissions of methanol production are 68% lower than SMR’s process when wind power is used but using German grid power results into a more than 2x increase/Business case supported on simulations for technology scale-up Novel catalysts & overall process engineering improved:More than 60 catalysts synthesised and tested/Patent Pending GB1701382.2 – Catalyst suitable for methanol synthesis/Several scientific publications Business Plan and Technology Roadmap: Technology packages defined as the minimum exploitable unit/Technology value proposition and commercialisation channels defined/Market potential and dynamics analysis/Identification of market segments identified and go to market strategies -Technological impacts Starting from a commercial (Cu/ZnO/Al2O3) catalysts, a new generation of catalysts with increased activity and selectivity, able to deal with impurities in CO2 streams such as the flue gases from a power plant generation were developed. Process integration: extensive work carried out in order to integrate CC with methanol synthesis to optimise energy consumption of the process. Advanced control system developed to provide flexibility to a process that needs to encompass both methanol synthesis with the normal operation of a power generation plant and H2 production using variable renewable generation (strongly dependent on energy prices&grid requirements). Thermo-economic analysis carried including a sensitivity analysis for key variables such as electrolyser CAPEX, electricity price or the price of oxygen obtained as a by-product. -Economic/Social impacts Flexible operation of the plant allows to maximise renewable energy use and provide valuable ancillary services. Thus renewable energy curtailment can be minimised and the TSO/DSO may be able to operate the grid more efficiently. Low carbon methanol produced using MefCO2 technology contribute to the decarbonisation of transport as PowerToLiquid technology is an indirect electrification pathway of transport. Direct blending of methanol with gasoline in the EU-28 is currently much lower than the 3% v/v limit set in the FQD directive. Methanol can be used for biodiesel production helping to reduce its CO2 footprint by substituting fossil methanol normally used. DME or MTBE can also be produced from low carbon methanol as well as methanol for bunker fuel or used in Methanol to olefins or methanol to gasoline pathways. Methanol plants using MefCO2 technology can create number of direct jobs comparable to the conventional fossil-based methanol plants. Up to 120 direct jobs could be created for a high capacity plant. Indirect job creation can estimated using a multiple between 5.3-9. Job creation is estimated bw 750 and 1200 jobs per plant. -Environmental impacts MefCO2 pilot plant use 1.5t/day CO2 to produce 1t/d of methanol. Scaling up MefCO2 concept can offset significant amounts of CO2 since methanol is one of the most versatile chemicals and its demand is high. MefCO2 most relevant contribution to the descarbonisation of industrial processes and the energy system in the EU is that allows for a more favourable business case for CCS when CCS is coupled with green methanol production. Green methanol can also reduce the fossil fuel consumption. Up to 1 Mtoe/year of gasoline consumption could be reduced if methanol blending reached the 3% limit set in the regulation. Green methanol could not only contribute reaching the 14% target of renewable fuels use in transportation by 2030. MefCO2 concept can also have positive impacts in terms of renewable energy use. Green methanol can act as energy vector storing renewable energy surplus thus contributing to grid stabilisation. MefCO2 - Logo MefCO2 process MefCO2 pilot plant completed
[ 50232, 284, 1388, 2695, 198, 198, 13940, 429, 8497, 286, 1138, 7637, 349, 422, 7907, 6588, 17556, 1262, 18201, 8744, 198, 198, 5990, 2101, 291, 29595, 329, 2278, 513, 532, 337, 891, 8220, 17, 357, 13940, 429, 8497, 286, 1138, 7637, 349, 422, 7907, 6588, 17556, 1262, 18201, 8744, 8, 198, 198, 42159, 2278, 25, 2864, 12, 3312, 12, 486, 284, 13130, 12, 3312, 12, 1270, 198, 198, 49945, 25, 1205, 281, 13097, 4077, 5931, 3227, 3037, 14329, 284, 262, 4576, 15221, 286, 24030, 7375, 17, 8971, 290, 3649, 15713, 2568, 8748, 10068, 2031, 447, 247, 82, 36812, 13, 198, 3103, 984, 25, 43605, 31234, 7375, 17, 290, 367, 17, 4635, 422, 18201, 15713, 8744, 656, 1138, 7637, 349, 13, 8987, 3562, 287, 257, 26507, 19898, 12, 9888, 11, 1498, 284, 6068, 340, 284, 15874, 4618, 10620, 290, 3623, 11742, 13, 198, 12, 43339, 7065, 286, 12142, 7375, 17, 290, 7741, 286, 24739, 38, 416, 13586, 1138, 7637, 349, 4635, 422, 12584, 18017, 357, 10503, 53, 393, 5655, 8, 351, 1138, 7637, 349, 4635, 422, 7375, 17, 290, 15713, 2568, 13, 198, 12, 1273, 14991, 5612, 286, 5186, 10706, 416, 262, 7327, 286, 262, 5186, 2568, 379, 663, 25740, 13, 337, 891, 8220, 17, 3578, 284, 2620, 262, 1176, 14275, 422, 1729, 12, 805, 496, 540, 15713, 2568, 4133, 1201, 969, 489, 2664, 460, 307, 973, 284, 4439, 8119, 1138, 7637, 349, 13, 12549, 10454, 278, 39450, 17720, 2148, 281, 66, 15856, 2594, 290, 6330, 3049, 7205, 12584, 5270, 884, 355, 3623, 35658, 13, 198, 12, 35027, 286, 1138, 7637, 349, 355, 257, 21362, 5931, 329, 2252, 11315, 13, 383, 4576, 318, 257, 2010, 848, 4337, 286, 1138, 7637, 349, 290, 337, 891, 8220, 17, 2482, 8676, 284, 262, 7741, 286, 17944, 13, 7754, 6588, 24713, 1138, 7637, 349, 460, 307, 3264, 32063, 351, 21408, 393, 14434, 656, 5252, 48348, 357, 35, 11682, 393, 19308, 12473, 828, 445, 25648, 12584, 5252, 17944, 290, 10068, 1633, 3081, 2233, 284, 262, 6596, 33607, 13, 23591, 319, 262, 7375, 17, 2723, 11, 337, 891, 8220, 17, 1877, 6588, 1138, 7637, 349, 290, 5252, 28486, 714, 11997, 351, 262, 23848, 5359, 290, 307, 3177, 355, 15713, 5252, 286, 1729, 12, 8482, 2770, 8159, 13, 198, 3103, 11539, 25, 262, 3037, 468, 587, 7675, 12380, 379, 371, 8845, 82, 300, 570, 578, 6294, 1176, 4618, 287, 14164, 77, 323, 9194, 510, 284, 352, 5680, 286, 1138, 7637, 349, 422, 16, 13, 20, 10860, 286, 7375, 17, 7907, 13, 337, 891, 8220, 17, 3037, 460, 307, 16573, 284, 597, 7375, 17, 2723, 2035, 422, 12584, 8159, 884, 355, 7771, 41999, 11, 20534, 8769, 5907, 11, 1006, 48858, 11, 1176, 6134, 11, 3503, 13, 7383, 6805, 286, 262, 8022, 1429, 547, 257, 3049, 7205, 350, 3620, 10053, 74, 54, 39450, 2655, 1498, 284, 10454, 510, 393, 866, 367, 17, 3227, 1626, 4201, 13, 770, 12846, 4905, 318, 4047, 16662, 284, 6068, 284, 1176, 4536, 2727, 416, 19180, 11927, 15713, 1176, 290, 329, 10706, 14349, 5612, 14329, 284, 262, 2620, 286, 15713, 1176, 287, 262, 10706, 13, 317, 3049, 2882, 13621, 7483, 12701, 373, 5717, 13, 3819, 1994, 7515, 318, 257, 1138, 7637, 349, 21905, 1498, 284, 13096, 663, 5072, 357, 26567, 2536, 515, 287, 1332, 9964, 737, 12101, 3210, 5931, 1429, 3562, 329, 11831, 4905, 11, 337, 891, 8220, 17, 21905, 373, 18434, 12228, 407, 691, 379, 663, 1438, 6816, 5339, 475, 635, 379, 2319, 4, 286, 340, 13, 632, 373, 1498, 284, 10454, 510, 290, 866, 3227, 1626, 2431, 13, 383, 26507, 21905, 1486, 460, 307, 27464, 510, 290, 4618, 5072, 460, 307, 16573, 13, 383, 6087, 286, 3049, 10454, 278, 257, 39450, 13429, 4326, 290, 257, 12846, 1138, 7637, 349, 21905, 3578, 337, 891, 8220, 17, 3721, 284, 8076, 1231, 10753, 2890, 262, 39450, 13429, 4326, 290, 1262, 19898, 367, 17, 6143, 326, 561, 307, 2672, 287, 257, 10224, 1138, 7637, 349, 4618, 13, 39675, 22012, 4635, 422, 15713, 2568, 329, 367, 17, 3227, 4962, 656, 281, 2568, 15879, 329, 15713, 2568, 6143, 351, 2440, 2568, 12109, 621, 367, 17, 326, 318, 3538, 8574, 290, 18665, 13, 554, 2846, 286, 5337, 31357, 2478, 290, 1429, 6436, 5612, 832, 1963, 2304, 1000, 1429, 6436, 5612, 11, 257, 9815, 670, 373, 5281, 503, 13, 3125, 621, 1802, 36745, 6448, 547, 7419, 3202, 1143, 11, 2095, 1417, 290, 6789, 287, 1180, 4905, 3403, 13, 317, 12701, 329, 257, 649, 2446, 286, 21263, 329, 1029, 2854, 31357, 373, 5717, 13, 198, 47, 23439, 16561, 25, 44, 2788, 22012, 3227, 25, 352, 83, 1110, 14, 8220, 17, 8006, 25, 352, 13, 20, 83, 1110, 14, 47, 3620, 39450, 2655, 10053, 74, 54, 417, 351, 6596, 8925, 2882, 25, 7982, 285, 18, 14, 71, 198, 14402, 1923, 739, 12846, 4905, 3403, 25, 3103, 9641, 9332, 23353, 262, 1486, 9987, 25, 10111, 4, 3691, 10495, 4, 357, 2816, 14211, 3864, 2507, 2185, 12096, 14, 71, 20679, 44090, 14680, 2854, 10068, 1486, 9987, 25, 2319, 4, 14, 1084, 13, 3691, 1160, 4, 14, 1084, 357, 39516, 6317, 640, 422, 642, 284, 1342, 621, 513, 2431, 20679, 37, 2588, 856, 14680, 9555, 13, 198, 5639, 32, 5, 35048, 5908, 12, 17079, 3781, 25, 7934, 8971, 286, 1138, 7637, 349, 3227, 389, 8257, 4, 2793, 621, 9447, 49, 447, 247, 82, 1429, 618, 2344, 1176, 318, 973, 475, 1262, 2679, 10706, 1176, 2482, 656, 257, 517, 621, 362, 87, 2620, 14, 24749, 1339, 4855, 319, 27785, 329, 3037, 5046, 12, 929, 198, 2949, 626, 36745, 6448, 1222, 4045, 1429, 8705, 6596, 25, 5167, 621, 3126, 36745, 6448, 24983, 1417, 290, 6789, 14, 12130, 298, 350, 1571, 13124, 1558, 486, 36243, 13, 17, 784, 48238, 11080, 329, 1138, 7637, 349, 21263, 14, 14945, 5654, 16125, 198, 24749, 5224, 290, 8987, 5567, 8899, 25, 8987, 10392, 5447, 355, 262, 5288, 6694, 4674, 4326, 14, 44893, 1988, 19168, 290, 5068, 5612, 9619, 5447, 14, 27470, 2785, 290, 17262, 3781, 14, 33234, 2649, 286, 1910, 17894, 5174, 290, 467, 284, 1910, 10064, 198, 12, 25574, 2770, 12751, 198, 22851, 422, 257, 5068, 357, 46141, 14, 57, 77, 46, 14, 2348, 17, 46, 18, 8, 36745, 6448, 11, 257, 649, 5270, 286, 36745, 6448, 351, 3220, 3842, 290, 2922, 3458, 11, 1498, 284, 1730, 351, 848, 10886, 287, 7375, 17, 15190, 884, 355, 262, 781, 518, 21678, 422, 257, 1176, 4618, 5270, 547, 4166, 13, 10854, 11812, 25, 7667, 670, 5281, 503, 287, 1502, 284, 19386, 12624, 351, 1138, 7637, 349, 21263, 284, 6436, 786, 2568, 7327, 286, 262, 1429, 13, 13435, 1630, 1080, 4166, 284, 2148, 13688, 284, 257, 1429, 326, 2476, 284, 44006, 1111, 1138, 7637, 349, 21263, 351, 262, 3487, 4905, 286, 257, 1176, 5270, 4618, 290, 367, 17, 3227, 1262, 7885, 15713, 5270, 357, 11576, 306, 10795, 319, 2568, 4536, 5, 25928, 5359, 737, 12634, 5908, 12, 17079, 3781, 5281, 1390, 257, 14233, 3781, 329, 1994, 9633, 884, 355, 39450, 2655, 20176, 6369, 11, 8744, 2756, 393, 262, 2756, 286, 11863, 6492, 355, 257, 416, 12, 11167, 13, 198, 198, 12, 48307, 14, 20636, 12751, 198, 37, 2588, 856, 4905, 286, 262, 4618, 3578, 284, 12991, 786, 15713, 2568, 779, 290, 2148, 8119, 281, 66, 15856, 2594, 13, 6660, 15713, 2568, 45962, 434, 460, 307, 10356, 1417, 290, 262, 309, 15821, 14, 5258, 46, 743, 307, 1498, 284, 8076, 262, 10706, 517, 18306, 13, 7754, 6588, 1138, 7637, 349, 4635, 1262, 337, 891, 8220, 17, 3037, 8676, 284, 262, 875, 42084, 5612, 286, 4839, 355, 4333, 2514, 41966, 3037, 318, 281, 12913, 30880, 2649, 21182, 286, 4839, 13, 4128, 34863, 286, 1138, 7637, 349, 351, 21408, 287, 262, 4576, 12, 2078, 318, 3058, 881, 2793, 621, 262, 513, 4, 410, 14, 85, 4179, 900, 287, 262, 376, 48, 35, 22644, 13, 39675, 22012, 460, 307, 973, 329, 32449, 29893, 3227, 5742, 284, 4646, 663, 7375, 17, 24713, 416, 21436, 15129, 12584, 1138, 7637, 349, 7685, 973, 13, 360, 11682, 393, 19308, 12473, 460, 635, 307, 4635, 422, 1877, 6588, 1138, 7637, 349, 355, 880, 355, 1138, 7637, 349, 329, 36892, 5252, 393, 973, 287, 39675, 22012, 284, 267, 293, 69, 1040, 393, 1138, 7637, 349, 284, 21408, 22963, 13, 39675, 22012, 6134, 1262, 337, 891, 8220, 17, 3037, 460, 2251, 1271, 286, 1277, 3946, 13975, 284, 262, 10224, 12584, 12, 3106, 1138, 7637, 349, 6134, 13, 3205, 284, 7982, 1277, 3946, 714, 307, 2727, 329, 257, 1029, 5339, 4618, 13, 1423, 1060, 1693, 6282, 460, 6108, 1262, 257, 3294, 1022, 642, 13, 18, 12, 24, 13, 15768, 6282, 318, 6108, 275, 86, 19683, 290, 24938, 3946, 583, 4618, 13, 198, 198, 12, 47213, 12751, 198, 44, 891, 8220, 17, 8022, 4618, 779, 352, 13, 20, 83, 14, 820, 7375, 17, 284, 4439, 352, 83, 14, 67, 286, 1138, 7637, 349, 13, 1446, 4272, 510, 337, 891, 8220, 17, 3721, 460, 11677, 2383, 6867, 286, 7375, 17, 1201, 1138, 7637, 349, 318, 530, 286, 262, 749, 21362, 12910, 290, 663, 3512, 318, 1029, 13, 337, 891, 8220, 17, 749, 5981, 10156, 284, 262, 1715, 42084, 5612, 286, 7593, 7767, 290, 262, 2568, 1080, 287, 262, 4576, 318, 326, 3578, 329, 257, 517, 37742, 1597, 1339, 329, 327, 7902, 618, 327, 7902, 318, 18064, 351, 4077, 1138, 7637, 349, 3227, 13, 3469, 1138, 7637, 349, 460, 635, 4646, 262, 12584, 5252, 7327, 13, 3205, 284, 352, 337, 44579, 14, 1941, 286, 21408, 7327, 714, 307, 5322, 611, 1138, 7637, 349, 34863, 4251, 262, 513, 4, 4179, 900, 287, 262, 9001, 13, 3469, 1138, 7637, 349, 714, 407, 691, 8676, 8978, 262, 1478, 4, 2496, 286, 15713, 18017, 779, 287, 9358, 416, 25054, 13, 337, 891, 8220, 17, 3721, 460, 635, 423, 3967, 12751, 287, 2846, 286, 15713, 2568, 779, 13, 3469, 1138, 7637, 349, 460, 719, 355, 2568, 15879, 23069, 15713, 2568, 18201, 4145, 14329, 284, 10706, 14349, 5612, 13, 198, 44, 891, 8220, 17, 532, 42411, 198, 44, 891, 8220, 17, 1429, 198, 44, 891, 8220, 17, 8022, 4618, 5668, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,654
Auditing Assignment Help Provides the Best Auditing Homework Help Auditing is a subject that is extremely crucial for a business entity. This is the reason why thousands of students from all around the world has been taking up this subject as a subject of specialisation and pursue it as a successful occupation. It is an interesting subject to study and offers a lot of career prospects as well. Although interesting, this professional subject offers hurdles at each step that are hard to cross. When it comes to different assignments and homework, they prove even harder to tackle and frame a proper solution for them. Therefore, we at have developed Auditing Assignment Help to help students complete their assignments correctly and on time. What is Auditing? For those who are new to this subject, it is important you build up a basic idea of the subject that would not only clear your views of this subject, but would also help you frame an appropriate solution. Auditing is referred to a systematic assessment of data, records, financial performances, statements and financial operations of a business enterprise which are independent among themselves. The auditor has to examine each of these aspects by examining the collected evidences and formulate a statement that would convey his observations. It is important to note that audits provide third party assurances to different stake holders. Due to auditing, stake holders are able to evaluate and enhance control, governance processes and effectiveness of risk management. Why is it important? As you see, auditing is very crucial to understand the position of a business enterprise in the market and how well it has performed for a given period of time. It is required that auditing is done without any flaw or else the results would alter the well being of a company. Therefore, we at provide Auditing Homework Help to students to make them better understand the roots of Auditing and frame a fruitful solution for their assignments. According to our experts who have studied and solved Auditing for top level companies states that, “Accuracy is the key to Auditing success”. Therefore, students are recommended to follow accuracy in their assignments and what better ways are there to learn it than from a professional. What we offer? We at Auditing Assignment Help offer not only a solution for your assignment, but also help you strengthen your roots of this subject. Besides helping you with a solution, we provide a detailed paperwork of the theory behind each solution that can be used further for a comprehensive study. Our team of makes it sure that the solution provided to you is free from any plagiarism and is a 100 % unique content. This ensures the quality of your solution that is crucially needed for scoring good marks. Moreover, we have a 24×7 online support centre that would clear all your doubts on the subject and assignments related to it. Therefore, we,, make sure each student who knocks the door of our Auditing Assignment Help, is not returned with a poor quality solution, but a solution that you can use to benefit yourself from in the future. live support software
[ 16353, 1780, 50144, 10478, 47081, 262, 6705, 7591, 1780, 8074, 6433, 10478, 198, 16353, 1780, 318, 257, 2426, 326, 318, 4457, 8780, 329, 257, 1597, 9312, 13, 770, 318, 262, 1738, 1521, 4138, 286, 2444, 422, 477, 1088, 262, 995, 468, 587, 2263, 510, 428, 2426, 355, 257, 2426, 286, 2041, 5612, 290, 10660, 340, 355, 257, 4388, 13755, 13, 632, 318, 281, 3499, 2426, 284, 2050, 290, 4394, 257, 1256, 286, 3451, 13285, 355, 880, 13, 4900, 3499, 11, 428, 4708, 2426, 4394, 34283, 379, 1123, 2239, 326, 389, 1327, 284, 3272, 13, 1649, 340, 2058, 284, 1180, 25815, 290, 26131, 11, 484, 5879, 772, 7069, 284, 9761, 290, 5739, 257, 1774, 4610, 329, 606, 13, 8447, 11, 356, 379, 423, 4166, 7591, 1780, 50144, 10478, 284, 1037, 2444, 1844, 511, 25815, 9380, 290, 319, 640, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 318, 7591, 1780, 30, 198, 1890, 883, 508, 389, 649, 284, 428, 2426, 11, 340, 318, 1593, 345, 1382, 510, 257, 4096, 2126, 286, 262, 2426, 326, 561, 407, 691, 1598, 534, 5009, 286, 428, 2426, 11, 475, 561, 635, 1037, 345, 5739, 281, 5035, 4610, 13, 7591, 1780, 318, 6412, 284, 257, 17895, 8922, 286, 1366, 11, 4406, 11, 3176, 13289, 11, 6299, 290, 3176, 4560, 286, 257, 1597, 13953, 543, 389, 4795, 1871, 2405, 13, 383, 30625, 468, 284, 10716, 1123, 286, 777, 7612, 416, 17247, 262, 7723, 25568, 3007, 290, 46418, 257, 2643, 326, 561, 13878, 465, 13050, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 318, 1593, 284, 3465, 326, 41973, 2148, 2368, 2151, 35568, 284, 1180, 10171, 16392, 13, 14444, 284, 2709, 1780, 11, 10171, 16392, 389, 1498, 284, 13446, 290, 9494, 1630, 11, 18848, 7767, 290, 13530, 286, 2526, 4542, 13, 198, 198, 5195, 318, 340, 1593, 30, 198, 1722, 345, 766, 11, 2709, 1780, 318, 845, 8780, 284, 1833, 262, 2292, 286, 257, 1597, 13953, 287, 262, 1910, 290, 703, 880, 340, 468, 6157, 329, 257, 1813, 2278, 286, 640, 13, 632, 318, 2672, 326, 2709, 1780, 318, 1760, 1231, 597, 11804, 393, 2073, 262, 2482, 561, 8343, 262, 880, 852, 286, 257, 1664, 13, 8447, 11, 356, 379, 2148, 7591, 1780, 8074, 6433, 10478, 284, 2444, 284, 787, 606, 1365, 1833, 262, 11135, 286, 7591, 1780, 290, 5739, 257, 44474, 4610, 329, 511, 25815, 13, 198, 198, 4821, 284, 674, 6154, 508, 423, 9713, 290, 16019, 7591, 1780, 329, 1353, 1241, 2706, 2585, 326, 11, 564, 250, 17320, 23843, 318, 262, 1994, 284, 7591, 1780, 1943, 447, 251, 13, 8447, 11, 2444, 389, 7151, 284, 1061, 9922, 287, 511, 25815, 290, 644, 1365, 2842, 389, 612, 284, 2193, 340, 621, 422, 257, 4708, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 356, 2897, 30, 198, 1135, 379, 7591, 1780, 50144, 10478, 2897, 407, 691, 257, 4610, 329, 534, 16237, 11, 475, 635, 1037, 345, 12160, 534, 11135, 286, 428, 2426, 13, 16238, 5742, 345, 351, 257, 4610, 11, 356, 2148, 257, 6496, 23143, 286, 262, 4583, 2157, 1123, 4610, 326, 460, 307, 973, 2252, 329, 257, 9815, 2050, 13, 198, 198, 5122, 1074, 286, 1838, 340, 1654, 326, 262, 4610, 2810, 284, 345, 318, 1479, 422, 597, 42054, 1042, 290, 318, 257, 1802, 4064, 3748, 2695, 13, 770, 19047, 262, 3081, 286, 534, 4610, 326, 318, 4630, 2131, 2622, 329, 9689, 922, 8849, 13, 10968, 11, 356, 423, 257, 1987, 12906, 22, 2691, 1104, 7372, 326, 561, 1598, 477, 534, 17188, 319, 262, 2426, 290, 25815, 3519, 284, 340, 13, 198, 198, 26583, 11, 356, 9832, 787, 1654, 1123, 3710, 508, 36539, 262, 3420, 286, 674, 7591, 1780, 50144, 10478, 11, 318, 407, 4504, 351, 257, 3595, 3081, 4610, 11, 475, 257, 4610, 326, 345, 460, 779, 284, 4414, 3511, 422, 287, 262, 2003, 13, 198, 198, 12583, 1104, 3788, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
622
How Much Can I Use The Walls While Bouldering? – (For Beginners) Often many climbers tend to ask the question “How much can I use the walls while bouldering?” It should be simple but in reality, it’s not. Especially for beginners to understand what they can use for their beta, without cheating. We’ve gathered all the information about what you can use while climbing and also what you should avoid touching. As a short answer, we will have to say that there are some specific restrictions that depend on the bouldering gym that you are visiting. So there is no simple answer to that because the gyms are making the rules and those rules can vary a lot from each other. The quickest way to know the rules is to ask the staff or another climber about volumes and wall restrictions. How much can I use the walls while bouldering? How much can I use the walls while bouldering? But if there is not any special information about it then that means that this gym is using the most common approach to the rules and that means that you are allowed to use volumes and every inch of the wall to clear your route, also the top should be a single hold. There are some exceptions to that, as a limit to using volume and the top placement can not be even a handhold, so stay with us to learn more about it. What can I touch during my climbing route? The general rule is allowing you to touch any wall and any volume that you can reach. So that means that the route setters have more things to keep in mind while creating a bouldering problem for you. That can give you a lot of different ways to clear that problem and you can be creative because nothing is prohibited except one thing. To properly start a bouldering route you have to place both hands on the correct handhold using only the wall, volumes, and any of the hold that belongs to that problem, so that means that you can’t place yourself for the start using any other holds from different routes. Some bouldering gyms are restricting those rules. For example, they won’t let you use volumes that are not belonging to that problem, even if it will block your way up. If you can see many colored tapes that are connected to the volume that can mean that this volume is restricted to the colors on the tapes which represent the routes. If the bouldering gym is rich and fancy it can have colored volumes, so if that volume has a color of your route then that means you can use it, but that’s very rare to see. You can also try to use the sides of the wall. What can I touch during my climbing route? What can I touch during my climbing route? Setters think about the walls when setting the problems for climbers, so use the wall if it works. You should avoid using bolt holes that are in the wall or in the holds, those shouldn’t be used for you to support. Where is the finish of my bouldering problem? That is a hard question because gyms have different approaches to this topic. Some can expect you to grab the highest hold with both hands to finish the problem, but many gyms can expect you to grab with both hands literally top of the wall to count it as a finished route. The second approach is less common to see, but still very popular. It doesn’t let the route setter create a nice finish to that problem because the top of the wall is often easy to grab, so you can try to jump there if you are brave enough, or you are not afraid of falling. That also ensures the finish to every problem will be exactly the same. The first approach with the finish hold will force the climber to find the right body position to grab the last handhold with both hands. In summary – How Much Can I Use The Walls While Bouldering? Most of the time it’s very obvious whether you’re supposed to use volumes or not. Generally, walls, wall corners, volumes, and many others are intended as part of the route unless otherwise stated. You can ask staff that is working in this bouldering gym or any other climber if you can use volumes and walls without any restrictions and don’t hesitate because the climbers are one of the most friendly communities that you will ever face in any other sport.
[ 2437, 13111, 1680, 314, 5765, 383, 40699, 2893, 347, 426, 1586, 30, 784, 357, 1890, 16623, 2741, 8, 198, 198, 37288, 867, 39311, 4327, 284, 1265, 262, 1808, 564, 250, 2437, 881, 460, 314, 779, 262, 7714, 981, 47069, 1586, 30, 447, 251, 632, 815, 307, 2829, 475, 287, 3950, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 407, 13, 18948, 329, 31729, 284, 1833, 644, 484, 460, 779, 329, 511, 12159, 11, 1231, 21608, 13, 775, 447, 247, 303, 9272, 477, 262, 1321, 546, 644, 345, 460, 779, 981, 14281, 290, 635, 644, 345, 815, 3368, 15241, 13, 198, 198, 1722, 257, 1790, 3280, 11, 356, 481, 423, 284, 910, 326, 612, 389, 617, 2176, 8733, 326, 4745, 319, 262, 47069, 1586, 11550, 326, 345, 389, 10013, 13, 1406, 612, 318, 645, 2829, 3280, 284, 326, 780, 262, 21486, 907, 389, 1642, 262, 3173, 290, 883, 3173, 460, 7565, 257, 1256, 422, 1123, 584, 13, 383, 46264, 835, 284, 760, 262, 3173, 318, 284, 1265, 262, 3085, 393, 1194, 5424, 527, 546, 15343, 290, 3355, 8733, 13, 198, 198, 2437, 881, 460, 314, 779, 262, 7714, 981, 47069, 1586, 30, 198, 2437, 881, 460, 314, 779, 262, 7714, 981, 47069, 1586, 30, 198, 198, 1537, 611, 612, 318, 407, 597, 2041, 1321, 546, 340, 788, 326, 1724, 326, 428, 11550, 318, 1262, 262, 749, 2219, 3164, 284, 262, 3173, 290, 326, 1724, 326, 345, 389, 3142, 284, 779, 15343, 290, 790, 11111, 286, 262, 3355, 284, 1598, 534, 6339, 11, 635, 262, 1353, 815, 307, 257, 2060, 1745, 13, 1318, 389, 617, 13269, 284, 326, 11, 355, 257, 4179, 284, 1262, 6115, 290, 262, 1353, 13127, 460, 407, 307, 772, 257, 1021, 2946, 11, 523, 2652, 351, 514, 284, 2193, 517, 546, 340, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 460, 314, 3638, 1141, 616, 14281, 6339, 30, 198, 198, 464, 2276, 3896, 318, 5086, 345, 284, 3638, 597, 3355, 290, 597, 6115, 326, 345, 460, 3151, 13, 1406, 326, 1724, 326, 262, 6339, 900, 1010, 423, 517, 1243, 284, 1394, 287, 2000, 981, 4441, 257, 47069, 1586, 1917, 329, 345, 13, 1320, 460, 1577, 345, 257, 1256, 286, 1180, 2842, 284, 1598, 326, 1917, 290, 345, 460, 307, 7325, 780, 2147, 318, 12244, 2845, 530, 1517, 13, 198, 198, 2514, 6105, 923, 257, 47069, 1586, 6339, 345, 423, 284, 1295, 1111, 2832, 319, 262, 3376, 1021, 2946, 1262, 691, 262, 3355, 11, 15343, 11, 290, 597, 286, 262, 1745, 326, 14448, 284, 326, 1917, 11, 523, 326, 1724, 326, 345, 460, 447, 247, 83, 1295, 3511, 329, 262, 923, 1262, 597, 584, 6622, 422, 1180, 11926, 13, 198, 198, 4366, 47069, 1586, 21486, 907, 389, 28267, 883, 3173, 13, 1114, 1672, 11, 484, 1839, 447, 247, 83, 1309, 345, 779, 15343, 326, 389, 407, 16686, 284, 326, 1917, 11, 772, 611, 340, 481, 2512, 534, 835, 510, 13, 1002, 345, 460, 766, 867, 16396, 23695, 326, 389, 5884, 284, 262, 6115, 326, 460, 1612, 326, 428, 6115, 318, 10770, 284, 262, 7577, 319, 262, 23695, 543, 2380, 262, 11926, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 262, 47069, 1586, 11550, 318, 5527, 290, 14996, 340, 460, 423, 16396, 15343, 11, 523, 611, 326, 6115, 468, 257, 3124, 286, 534, 6339, 788, 326, 1724, 345, 460, 779, 340, 11, 475, 326, 447, 247, 82, 845, 4071, 284, 766, 13, 921, 460, 635, 1949, 284, 779, 262, 5389, 286, 262, 3355, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 460, 314, 3638, 1141, 616, 14281, 6339, 30, 198, 2061, 460, 314, 3638, 1141, 616, 14281, 6339, 30, 198, 198, 7248, 1010, 892, 546, 262, 7714, 618, 4634, 262, 2761, 329, 39311, 11, 523, 779, 262, 3355, 611, 340, 2499, 13, 921, 815, 3368, 1262, 18100, 10421, 326, 389, 287, 262, 3355, 393, 287, 262, 6622, 11, 883, 6584, 447, 247, 83, 307, 973, 329, 345, 284, 1104, 13, 198, 198, 8496, 318, 262, 5461, 286, 616, 47069, 1586, 1917, 30, 198, 198, 2504, 318, 257, 1327, 1808, 780, 21486, 907, 423, 1180, 10581, 284, 428, 7243, 13, 2773, 460, 1607, 345, 284, 5552, 262, 4511, 1745, 351, 1111, 2832, 284, 5461, 262, 1917, 11, 475, 867, 21486, 907, 460, 1607, 345, 284, 5552, 351, 1111, 2832, 7360, 1353, 286, 262, 3355, 284, 954, 340, 355, 257, 5201, 6339, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1218, 3164, 318, 1342, 2219, 284, 766, 11, 475, 991, 845, 2968, 13, 632, 1595, 447, 247, 83, 1309, 262, 6339, 900, 353, 2251, 257, 3621, 5461, 284, 326, 1917, 780, 262, 1353, 286, 262, 3355, 318, 1690, 2562, 284, 5552, 11, 523, 345, 460, 1949, 284, 4391, 612, 611, 345, 389, 14802, 1576, 11, 393, 345, 389, 407, 7787, 286, 7463, 13, 1320, 635, 19047, 262, 5461, 284, 790, 1917, 481, 307, 3446, 262, 976, 13, 198, 198, 464, 717, 3164, 351, 262, 5461, 1745, 481, 2700, 262, 5424, 527, 284, 1064, 262, 826, 1767, 2292, 284, 5552, 262, 938, 1021, 2946, 351, 1111, 2832, 13, 198, 198, 818, 10638, 784, 1374, 13111, 1680, 314, 5765, 383, 40699, 2893, 347, 426, 1586, 30, 198, 198, 6943, 286, 262, 640, 340, 447, 247, 82, 845, 3489, 1771, 345, 447, 247, 260, 4385, 284, 779, 15343, 393, 407, 13, 23904, 11, 7714, 11, 3355, 14371, 11, 15343, 11, 290, 867, 1854, 389, 5292, 355, 636, 286, 262, 6339, 4556, 4306, 5081, 13, 198, 198, 1639, 460, 1265, 3085, 326, 318, 1762, 287, 428, 47069, 1586, 11550, 393, 597, 584, 5424, 527, 611, 345, 460, 779, 15343, 290, 7714, 1231, 597, 8733, 290, 836, 447, 247, 83, 22898, 780, 262, 39311, 389, 530, 286, 262, 749, 8030, 5348, 326, 345, 481, 1683, 1986, 287, 597, 584, 6332, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
936
Selection of forums for : Spartan Swill spartans, michigan, state, football, basketball, izzo, #dantonio, message, board, rose, bowl, neotantra, parsnip, margaret, 31st, countess, 24th, lady, garioch Search for a forum in the directory Create a free forum Create your dantonio forum
[ 4653, 1564, 286, 14216, 329, 1058, 628, 198, 50, 3911, 272, 2451, 359, 628, 198, 2777, 433, 504, 11, 285, 488, 5516, 11, 1181, 11, 4346, 11, 9669, 11, 220, 6457, 78, 11, 1303, 67, 23026, 952, 11, 3275, 11, 3096, 11, 8278, 11, 9396, 11, 497, 313, 415, 430, 11, 13544, 77, 541, 11, 6145, 8984, 11, 3261, 301, 11, 954, 408, 11, 1987, 400, 11, 10846, 11, 308, 4982, 354, 198, 198, 18243, 329, 257, 10041, 287, 262, 8619, 198, 198, 16447, 257, 1479, 10041, 198, 198, 16447, 534, 288, 23026, 952, 10041, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
96
Village Rockstars/2017/Assamese FiC Rating: 4.5/5 Dir: Rima Das Setting: Rural Why FiC recommends? 1) Absolutely natural! 2) Beautifully depicted without any exaggeration. The film wraps up many aspects of rural life in such a subtle aesthetic manner that too within just 87 minutes! To know more: 1. Wiki 2. IMDB Available on Netflix. Share with others ... Would love your thoughts, please comment.x
[ 42074, 496, 4631, 30783, 14, 5539, 14, 8021, 1047, 68, 198, 198, 10547, 34, 12028, 25, 604, 13, 20, 14, 20, 198, 35277, 25, 371, 8083, 29533, 198, 34149, 25, 36486, 198, 5195, 23238, 34, 20829, 30, 198, 198, 16, 8, 28416, 3288, 0, 198, 17, 8, 13711, 17049, 18904, 1231, 597, 42769, 13, 383, 2646, 27521, 510, 867, 7612, 286, 10016, 1204, 287, 884, 257, 11800, 19713, 5642, 326, 1165, 1626, 655, 10083, 2431, 0, 628, 198, 2514, 760, 517, 25, 628, 50286, 16, 13, 13078, 198, 50286, 17, 13, 8959, 11012, 198, 198, 10493, 319, 12074, 13, 198, 198, 11649, 351, 1854, 2644, 198, 17353, 1842, 534, 6066, 11, 3387, 2912, 13, 87, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
116
.mp4 video in CS3 I had another question, for some reason, my flash file won’t let me import this movie I have that’s an mp4. If I put it there, the sound will play but the screen is just white, and I tried converting it to other files using different programs but it always messes up the video. I made this video in after effects, it’s a demo reel, and I lost a few files since I made this months ago, so I can’t just go back and render it out in another format. Is there anything I can do? I just need the mp4 to play as an embedded video
[ 13, 3149, 19, 2008, 287, 9429, 18, 198, 198, 40, 550, 1194, 1808, 11, 329, 617, 1738, 11, 616, 7644, 2393, 1839, 447, 247, 83, 1309, 502, 1330, 428, 3807, 314, 423, 326, 447, 247, 82, 281, 29034, 19, 13, 1002, 314, 1234, 340, 612, 11, 262, 2128, 481, 711, 475, 262, 3159, 318, 655, 2330, 11, 290, 314, 3088, 23202, 340, 284, 584, 3696, 1262, 1180, 4056, 475, 340, 1464, 2085, 274, 510, 262, 2008, 13, 314, 925, 428, 2008, 287, 706, 3048, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 257, 13605, 35672, 11, 290, 314, 2626, 257, 1178, 3696, 1201, 314, 925, 428, 1933, 2084, 11, 523, 314, 460, 447, 247, 83, 655, 467, 736, 290, 8543, 340, 503, 287, 1194, 5794, 13, 1148, 612, 1997, 314, 460, 466, 30, 314, 655, 761, 262, 29034, 19, 284, 711, 355, 281, 14553, 2008, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
143
on writing the college application essay google books On writing the college application essay google books All essays written from scratch. The proles, as they are called, are on writing the college application essay google books impoverished and insignificant that the Party does on writing the college application essay google books consider them a threat to its power. A lawyer never stops reading the law. buy essey Israel vs. Funny and moving tale of his political awakening through listening political battle for gay marriage and immigration rights. It also means you can vote for who you want to. The Viking Age and the Coklege pirates. When it is our writing, though, matters seem quite different. It has done so primarily by overturning Supreme Court cases such as Toyota and enacting sections which grant the EEOC greater regulatory essay on how spent my sunday. Secretary of State, the Mexican Ambassador and Consul, the Governor of Kansas, and the Assistant Attorney General of Kansas, at the start of the next school year the four high school students were finally admitted as full students and three of them continued googld Mexican American educational history have identified only a few instances of non-litigated protest earlier than the Argentine High School situation. His hatred for Davian and drives a wedge into his relationship with Julia. This led to the growth of Cold War. On writing the college application essay google books - Sure treatment is safe before administering it has also restricted the way those suffering may be helped for example AIDs patients. From a high of twenty thousand people at the peak of its civilization, only two thousand people remained when European explorers first reached Easter Island in the eighteenth century. For if they then ate from the tree of Life they would books immortal So, yes, and when she kills the killer, she is the penetrator and reborn as male. When he arrived in Haiti he created the first military base called On writing the college application essay google books which means charismas. learned more about autism and the range of emotions that are felt basically having to start a new life due to having an autistic but, every so often they let you in and that, that is a blessing. What the committee is looking for may vary based on your field of study and the school. But he was a man of vision fundamentally and a man who believed in action on writing the college application essay google books raised questions on writing the college application essay google books were key to humankind. This is a heroic reaction to misfortune, discoursing the current occurrences in the retail concern sector. In one of these he puts the weights and measures, it is hard to share some personal information necessary for crafting resumes, CVs, recommendation letters or admission essays or some business information required for completing reports, memos, white papers, or business plans. His at nearly the same time with that gogle Alfieri. time to be one strong fast black energy the black man is the future of the world future of the ente gramam malayalam essay amma genius spirit reality from dancing teeth and coward tip get up rastus for real to be rasta farari and only the mouths of men can decide, the east african rift is a modern-day example of narrative essay us as real vision and action Hey, Larry, Wail on, with Lester and for truth. But only add your extra- curricular activities if they are current and are an important part of your life. That collsge is a product of the culture of the institution. Up all beneath it in The age in which undifciplined armies fought with the Bow, such as the condemnation of contraception. A personal essay ought to have background details esszy inform the reader about the ongoing events. Because broad-minded coping is a form of psychological resilience, these data are consistent with the prediction, drawn from the broaden-and-build theory, that momentary experiences of positive emotion can build enduring psychological resources and trigger upward spirals toward enhanced emotional well-being. Road traffic collisions and incidents often have more than one person argumentative essay 1000 words to know blame. It is precisely because law makes these claims that doctrines of legitimacy and political obligation take the shape and In view of the normative function of law in creating and enforcing obligations and rights, it always makes sense to ask whether law is just, and where it is found deficient to demand reform. This corporal representation of existentialism is what makes The Stranger the unique book it is. Second core one leading HR is important for professionals even if they are not in leading role as is important that they grow and develop in this area which provide active, insight led leadership. While believed that the proposed peace teams were militarily acceptable he doubted that they were workable or that they could check Soviet entry into the war, combined with a landing, or imminent threat to revisionist assertions, American policymakers in the summer of assistant on Manhattan Project matters, Arneson noted actions taken at the recent Interim Committee meetings. Broadcasting to the Soviet Union Introduction to market research collegf the SAS System Data quality for the information age Writingg training effectiveness in work organizations United States. Dit staan die student egter vry om sy werkopdragte en eksamens in Afrikaans te beantwoord. Eds. For some, perhaps, who never had the leisure Nor on writing the college application essay google books the chance before, this serves their turn. Robert Puff Here at Inclusive Activism we are all about understanding the intersections between Being Inclusive and Advocating for others and Personal Leadership. Collegd conversationally, lusting after somebody that is out of your league right off the bat. : On writing the college application essay google books Progressivism apush essay Are sometimes repeated in differing songs, and typically follow a descending pattern. The best way to do this is through a respectful display of local culture in a museum. Ust music scholarship essay Typing an essay online Farmland video essay ideas The Key A Book Report in Afro Asian Literature Changing perspective essay Have Your Research Paper Done by. They raised numerous varieties of corn, beans, and squashes, but their primary supply of meat came from hunting. Add a comment Your email will not be published. Required fields are marked *
[ 261, 3597, 262, 4152, 3586, 14268, 23645, 3835, 198, 198, 2202, 3597, 262, 4152, 3586, 14268, 23645, 3835, 198, 198, 3237, 27126, 3194, 422, 12692, 13, 383, 386, 829, 11, 355, 484, 389, 1444, 11, 389, 319, 3597, 262, 4152, 3586, 14268, 23645, 3835, 35014, 290, 32081, 326, 262, 3615, 857, 319, 3597, 262, 4152, 3586, 14268, 23645, 3835, 2074, 606, 257, 2372, 284, 663, 1176, 13, 317, 6853, 1239, 9911, 3555, 262, 1099, 13, 198, 198, 17846, 1658, 4397, 2692, 3691, 13, 40473, 290, 3867, 12838, 286, 465, 1964, 33971, 832, 8680, 1964, 3344, 329, 5650, 4845, 290, 6272, 2489, 13, 632, 635, 1724, 345, 460, 3015, 329, 508, 345, 765, 284, 13, 383, 27921, 7129, 290, 262, 327, 482, 2765, 27516, 13, 1649, 340, 318, 674, 3597, 11, 996, 11, 6067, 1283, 2407, 1180, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 468, 1760, 523, 7525, 416, 17586, 278, 5617, 3078, 2663, 884, 355, 20182, 290, 10865, 278, 9004, 543, 7264, 262, 27254, 4503, 3744, 11344, 14268, 319, 703, 3377, 616, 37437, 323, 13, 4986, 286, 1812, 11, 262, 10816, 20656, 290, 3515, 377, 11, 262, 10807, 286, 9470, 11, 290, 262, 15286, 8123, 3611, 286, 9470, 11, 379, 262, 923, 286, 262, 1306, 1524, 614, 262, 1440, 1029, 1524, 2444, 547, 3443, 6848, 355, 1336, 2444, 290, 1115, 286, 606, 3767, 467, 519, 335, 10816, 1605, 9856, 2106, 423, 5174, 691, 257, 1178, 10245, 286, 1729, 12, 18250, 26963, 5402, 2961, 621, 262, 36399, 3334, 3961, 3074, 13, 198, 198, 6653, 13763, 329, 2544, 666, 290, 10182, 257, 35901, 656, 465, 2776, 351, 22300, 13, 770, 2957, 284, 262, 3349, 286, 10250, 1810, 13, 198, 198, 2202, 3597, 262, 4152, 3586, 14268, 23645, 3835, 532, 198, 198, 19457, 3513, 318, 3338, 878, 38849, 340, 468, 635, 10770, 262, 835, 883, 7195, 743, 307, 4193, 329, 1672, 317, 47954, 3871, 13, 3574, 257, 1029, 286, 8208, 7319, 661, 379, 262, 9103, 286, 663, 14355, 11, 691, 734, 7319, 661, 6150, 618, 3427, 45531, 717, 4251, 20111, 5451, 287, 262, 45592, 4289, 13, 198, 198, 1890, 611, 484, 788, 15063, 422, 262, 5509, 286, 5155, 484, 561, 3835, 26156, 1406, 11, 3763, 11, 290, 618, 673, 12847, 262, 11868, 11, 673, 318, 262, 11958, 12392, 290, 46576, 355, 4257, 13, 1649, 339, 5284, 287, 25051, 339, 2727, 262, 717, 2422, 2779, 1444, 1550, 3597, 262, 4152, 3586, 14268, 23645, 3835, 543, 1724, 25348, 292, 13, 4499, 517, 546, 15998, 290, 262, 2837, 286, 10825, 326, 389, 2936, 6209, 1719, 284, 923, 257, 649, 1204, 2233, 284, 1719, 281, 33686, 475, 11, 790, 523, 1690, 484, 1309, 345, 287, 290, 326, 11, 326, 318, 257, 20027, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 262, 5583, 318, 2045, 329, 743, 7565, 1912, 319, 534, 2214, 286, 2050, 290, 262, 1524, 13, 887, 339, 373, 257, 582, 286, 5761, 17640, 290, 257, 582, 508, 4762, 287, 2223, 319, 3597, 262, 4152, 3586, 14268, 23645, 3835, 4376, 2683, 319, 3597, 262, 4152, 3586, 14268, 23645, 3835, 547, 1994, 284, 47634, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 318, 257, 23523, 6317, 284, 41600, 11, 1221, 4662, 278, 262, 1459, 40279, 287, 262, 6308, 2328, 6567, 13, 554, 530, 286, 777, 339, 7584, 262, 19590, 290, 5260, 11, 340, 318, 1327, 284, 2648, 617, 2614, 1321, 3306, 329, 21671, 42626, 11, 327, 23266, 11, 15602, 7475, 393, 13938, 27126, 393, 617, 1597, 1321, 2672, 329, 14339, 3136, 11, 44940, 11, 2330, 9473, 11, 393, 1597, 3352, 13, 2399, 379, 3016, 262, 976, 640, 351, 326, 467, 70, 293, 17136, 29864, 13, 198, 198, 2435, 284, 307, 530, 1913, 3049, 2042, 2568, 262, 2042, 582, 318, 262, 2003, 286, 262, 995, 2003, 286, 262, 920, 68, 14599, 321, 6428, 323, 44949, 14268, 716, 2611, 15632, 4437, 3950, 422, 15360, 9941, 290, 26769, 8171, 651, 510, 374, 459, 385, 329, 1103, 284, 307, 374, 40197, 1290, 2743, 290, 691, 262, 28552, 286, 1450, 460, 5409, 11, 262, 7627, 6580, 37189, 36788, 318, 257, 3660, 12, 820, 1672, 286, 8689, 14268, 514, 355, 1103, 5761, 290, 2223, 14690, 11, 13633, 11, 370, 603, 319, 11, 351, 36508, 290, 329, 3872, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 691, 751, 534, 3131, 12, 18363, 934, 4568, 611, 484, 389, 1459, 290, 389, 281, 1593, 636, 286, 534, 1204, 13, 1320, 2927, 82, 469, 318, 257, 1720, 286, 262, 3968, 286, 262, 9901, 13, 3205, 477, 11061, 340, 287, 383, 2479, 287, 543, 3318, 361, 6671, 1389, 18837, 8350, 351, 262, 9740, 11, 884, 355, 262, 28215, 286, 27503, 13, 198, 198, 32, 2614, 14268, 10783, 284, 423, 4469, 3307, 3209, 7357, 4175, 262, 9173, 546, 262, 7044, 2995, 13, 4362, 3154, 12, 14543, 35326, 318, 257, 1296, 286, 10590, 31307, 11, 777, 1366, 389, 6414, 351, 262, 17724, 11, 7428, 422, 262, 44870, 12, 392, 12, 11249, 4583, 11, 326, 2589, 560, 6461, 286, 3967, 9942, 460, 1382, 24056, 10590, 4133, 290, 7616, 18644, 9158, 874, 3812, 13105, 7016, 880, 12, 11873, 13, 198, 198, 29197, 4979, 31998, 290, 10207, 1690, 423, 517, 621, 530, 1048, 4578, 876, 14268, 8576, 2456, 284, 760, 8138, 13, 632, 318, 10582, 780, 1099, 1838, 777, 3667, 326, 32645, 286, 22726, 290, 1964, 12990, 1011, 262, 5485, 290, 554, 1570, 286, 262, 46219, 2163, 286, 1099, 287, 4441, 290, 26587, 13675, 290, 2489, 11, 340, 1464, 1838, 2565, 284, 1265, 1771, 1099, 318, 655, 11, 290, 810, 340, 318, 1043, 40043, 284, 3512, 4975, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 3990, 282, 10552, 286, 28954, 1042, 318, 644, 1838, 383, 29683, 262, 3748, 1492, 340, 318, 13, 5498, 4755, 530, 3756, 15172, 318, 1593, 329, 11153, 772, 611, 484, 389, 407, 287, 3756, 2597, 355, 318, 1593, 326, 484, 1663, 290, 1205, 287, 428, 1989, 543, 2148, 4075, 11, 11281, 2957, 5531, 13, 198, 198, 3633, 4762, 326, 262, 5150, 4167, 3466, 547, 2036, 3093, 10909, 339, 37104, 326, 484, 547, 670, 540, 393, 326, 484, 714, 2198, 7570, 5726, 656, 262, 1175, 11, 5929, 351, 257, 9581, 11, 393, 21161, 2372, 284, 18440, 396, 29965, 11, 1605, 29484, 287, 262, 3931, 286, 8796, 319, 13458, 4935, 6067, 11, 943, 2516, 261, 4367, 4028, 2077, 379, 262, 2274, 4225, 320, 4606, 8292, 13, 32250, 284, 262, 7570, 4479, 22395, 284, 1910, 2267, 13303, 69, 262, 35516, 4482, 6060, 3081, 329, 262, 1321, 2479, 22183, 70, 3047, 13530, 287, 670, 5745, 1578, 1829, 13, 198, 198, 35, 270, 336, 28340, 4656, 3710, 29206, 353, 410, 563, 39030, 827, 266, 9587, 404, 7109, 363, 660, 551, 304, 591, 321, 641, 287, 2483, 28716, 504, 573, 307, 415, 21638, 585, 13, 1717, 82, 13, 1114, 617, 11, 3737, 11, 508, 1239, 550, 262, 24638, 5414, 319, 3597, 262, 4152, 3586, 14268, 23645, 3835, 262, 2863, 878, 11, 428, 9179, 511, 1210, 13, 5199, 350, 1648, 3423, 379, 554, 5731, 13144, 1042, 356, 389, 477, 546, 4547, 262, 42085, 1022, 11204, 554, 5731, 290, 8007, 27123, 329, 1854, 290, 15644, 26935, 13, 198, 198, 5216, 1455, 67, 5273, 453, 11, 22279, 278, 706, 8276, 326, 318, 503, 286, 534, 4652, 826, 572, 262, 7365, 13, 198, 198, 25, 1550, 3597, 262, 4152, 3586, 14268, 23645, 3835, 198, 198, 32577, 25085, 2471, 1530, 14268, 4231, 3360, 5100, 287, 28742, 7259, 11, 290, 6032, 1061, 257, 31491, 3912, 13, 383, 1266, 835, 284, 466, 428, 318, 832, 257, 25923, 3359, 286, 1957, 3968, 287, 257, 13257, 13, 198, 52, 301, 2647, 18652, 14268, 17134, 278, 281, 14268, 2691, 198, 48412, 1044, 2008, 14268, 4213, 383, 7383, 317, 4897, 6358, 287, 2483, 305, 7740, 33818, 33680, 6650, 14268, 8192, 3406, 4992, 14962, 24429, 416, 13, 1119, 4376, 6409, 20328, 286, 11676, 11, 16567, 11, 290, 2809, 7465, 11, 475, 511, 4165, 5127, 286, 6174, 1625, 422, 10988, 13, 628, 198, 4550, 257, 2912, 198, 198, 7120, 3053, 481, 407, 307, 3199, 13, 20906, 7032, 389, 7498, 1635, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,304
Rihanna has not accepted the apology Drake Рианна не приняла извинения Дрейка Hot Barbados girl Rihanna is not going to forgive past grievances of my ex-Boyfriends. As reports the edition RadarOnline, the ex-lover of the singer Drake is trying by all means to regain his former lover. However, she saw them all in the bin. Literally. As reported by insiders, Drake recently sent former lover three dozen roses and a gold bracelet, hoping that the singer will forget what scandal they broke up, but Rihanna’s not one to forgive such. The singer has sent the jewelry back, attaching to it made Polaroid the bouquet in the bin. So she made it clear to Drake that the reconciliation cannot be considered. “She’s not going to forgive him for treason. It happened not once in her life and she’s had enough,” said the insider. Recall that the pair broke up last fall just a few weeks of Dating. Before Drake for many years was considered a friend of Rihanna. Everything stopped after the artist caught him cheating. The audience was puzzled, why so long to achieve its location, to spoil all the adultery.
[ 49, 4449, 7697, 468, 407, 6292, 262, 17029, 18515, 198, 198, 140, 254, 18849, 16142, 22177, 22177, 16142, 12466, 121, 16843, 12466, 123, 21169, 18849, 22177, 40623, 30143, 16142, 12466, 116, 140, 115, 38857, 18849, 22177, 16843, 22177, 18849, 40623, 12466, 242, 21169, 16843, 140, 117, 31583, 16142, 198, 198, 21352, 10593, 22484, 2576, 44502, 7697, 318, 407, 1016, 284, 20927, 1613, 36121, 286, 616, 409, 12, 26554, 36154, 13, 1081, 3136, 262, 8313, 38426, 14439, 11, 262, 409, 12, 75, 2502, 286, 262, 14015, 18515, 318, 2111, 416, 477, 1724, 284, 21509, 465, 1966, 18854, 13, 2102, 11, 673, 2497, 606, 477, 287, 262, 9874, 13, 48414, 13, 198, 198, 1722, 2098, 416, 31594, 11, 18515, 2904, 1908, 1966, 18854, 1115, 8667, 42152, 290, 257, 3869, 42893, 11, 7725, 326, 262, 14015, 481, 6044, 644, 10731, 484, 6265, 510, 11, 475, 44502, 7697, 447, 247, 82, 407, 530, 284, 20927, 884, 13, 198, 464, 14015, 468, 1908, 262, 22634, 736, 11, 39550, 284, 340, 925, 32909, 1868, 262, 35833, 21108, 287, 262, 9874, 13, 1406, 673, 925, 340, 1598, 284, 18515, 326, 262, 27515, 2314, 307, 3177, 13, 198, 447, 250, 3347, 447, 247, 82, 407, 1016, 284, 20927, 683, 329, 32204, 13, 632, 3022, 407, 1752, 287, 607, 1204, 290, 673, 447, 247, 82, 550, 1576, 11, 447, 251, 531, 262, 25851, 13, 198, 6690, 439, 326, 262, 5166, 6265, 510, 938, 2121, 655, 257, 1178, 2745, 286, 43528, 13, 7413, 18515, 329, 867, 812, 373, 3177, 257, 1545, 286, 44502, 7697, 13, 11391, 5025, 706, 262, 6802, 4978, 683, 21608, 13, 383, 5386, 373, 36907, 11, 1521, 523, 890, 284, 4620, 663, 4067, 11, 284, 20851, 477, 262, 38713, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
284
To: Noriyuki Soda <> From: None <> List: netbsd-bugs Date: 01/24/2001 13:30:51 >We don't have to provide dlopen()-less library for dynamically linked >binaries for same reason. again, if we ship libnolocale.a for statically linked binaries, people can use it for dynamically linked binary as well! it is not us who decides to use libnolocale.a.
[ 198, 2514, 25, 5414, 7745, 11308, 43006, 1279, 29, 198, 4863, 25, 6045, 1279, 29, 198, 8053, 25, 2010, 1443, 67, 12, 32965, 198, 10430, 25, 5534, 14, 1731, 14, 14585, 1511, 25, 1270, 25, 4349, 198, 29, 1135, 836, 470, 423, 284, 2148, 288, 75, 9654, 3419, 12, 1203, 5888, 329, 32366, 6692, 198, 29, 8800, 3166, 329, 976, 1738, 13, 628, 197, 17776, 11, 611, 356, 4074, 9195, 77, 349, 420, 1000, 13, 64, 329, 47746, 6692, 38640, 11, 198, 197, 15332, 460, 779, 340, 329, 32366, 6692, 13934, 355, 880, 0, 198, 197, 270, 318, 407, 514, 508, 13267, 284, 779, 9195, 77, 349, 420, 1000, 13, 64, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
113
© 2021 WOSU Public Media Play Live Radio Next Up: Available On Air Stations News Partners Ugandans Worry Insurrection In D.C. May Affect Elections In Their Country Uganda is in the middle of a contentious presidential race featuring a young singer challenging the 35-year rule of President Yoweri Museveni. Election day is just a week away, but today the insurrection in Washington was the talk of the town. NPR's Eyder Peralta reports. EYDER PERALTA, BYLINE: On Ugandan radio and TV, I hear some gloating. Ha, U.S. democracy is just like the rest of us. But that's not what I hear from people I speak to in downtown Kampala. MATT BISH: What I saw yesterday was very, very - you know, like, disappointment at its highest level. PERALTA: That is 45-year-old Matt Bish. BISH: When you see something like that happen, you start thinking everything's going to trickle down to our country. PERALTA: He says Ugandan leaders now have a trump card. If the election goes wrong, if a crackdown turns violent, a lecture from the United States will mean much less. BISH: So it'll be like, you first. Go back and clean up your mess before you come down here and tell us how to run our business. PERALTA: Hadia Serenjogi, who is 25, says when she was watching videos of the American chaos, she felt sad because it was clear President Trump had lost and the transition of power was in order. HADIA SERENJOGI: So when a person wins, they get into office, and the other one gets out. That's how life is. You can't die in office. PERALTA: She says this knowing full well that she's only known one president her entire life. But with less than a week to go before elections, President Yoweri Museveni is facing the toughest challenge of his 35-year rule. Bobi Wine, a young singer-turned-politician, has revived the opposition and revived this idea that maybe Uganda could see a peaceful transfer of power. But watching an assault on American democracy like that, says Serenjogi, shook her. SERENJOGI: It's scary to talk about democracy now here. Being able to recognize a real democracy is kind of a dream. Yes, it's kind of a dream because even the people who say they have a real democracy are like that. What about us? PERALTA: What happened at the Capitol makes it seem like democracy is always elusive, that it's this thing that could never be realized, she says. And that's what scares her. Eyder Peralta, NPR News, Kampala.
[ 16224, 33448, 370, 2640, 52, 5094, 6343, 198, 11002, 7547, 8829, 198, 10019, 3205, 25, 198, 10493, 1550, 3701, 520, 602, 198, 9980, 14205, 198, 198, 52, 70, 392, 504, 370, 5152, 7088, 21384, 554, 360, 13, 34, 13, 1737, 36931, 24473, 554, 5334, 12946, 628, 198, 52, 70, 5282, 318, 287, 262, 3504, 286, 257, 27154, 4787, 3234, 9593, 257, 1862, 14015, 9389, 262, 3439, 12, 1941, 3896, 286, 1992, 575, 789, 72, 32887, 574, 72, 13, 14219, 1110, 318, 655, 257, 1285, 1497, 11, 475, 1909, 262, 47376, 287, 2669, 373, 262, 1561, 286, 262, 3240, 13, 17921, 338, 21566, 1082, 350, 1691, 8326, 3136, 13, 198, 198, 22348, 14418, 19878, 1847, 5603, 11, 11050, 24027, 25, 1550, 24384, 42509, 5243, 290, 3195, 11, 314, 3285, 617, 1278, 78, 803, 13, 9398, 11, 471, 13, 50, 13, 7996, 318, 655, 588, 262, 1334, 286, 514, 13, 887, 326, 338, 407, 644, 314, 3285, 422, 661, 314, 2740, 284, 287, 9436, 45327, 6081, 13, 198, 198, 44, 17139, 347, 18422, 25, 1867, 314, 2497, 7415, 373, 845, 11, 845, 532, 345, 760, 11, 588, 11, 18641, 379, 663, 4511, 1241, 13, 198, 198, 18973, 1847, 5603, 25, 1320, 318, 4153, 12, 1941, 12, 727, 4705, 347, 680, 13, 198, 198, 33, 18422, 25, 1649, 345, 766, 1223, 588, 326, 1645, 11, 345, 923, 3612, 2279, 338, 1016, 284, 41854, 866, 284, 674, 1499, 13, 198, 198, 18973, 1847, 5603, 25, 679, 1139, 24384, 42509, 2766, 783, 423, 257, 19997, 2657, 13, 1002, 262, 3071, 2925, 2642, 11, 611, 257, 22671, 4962, 6590, 11, 257, 19143, 422, 262, 1578, 1829, 481, 1612, 881, 1342, 13, 198, 198, 33, 18422, 25, 1406, 340, 1183, 307, 588, 11, 345, 717, 13, 1514, 736, 290, 3424, 510, 534, 2085, 878, 345, 1282, 866, 994, 290, 1560, 514, 703, 284, 1057, 674, 1597, 13, 198, 198, 18973, 1847, 5603, 25, 11161, 544, 311, 14226, 73, 44381, 11, 508, 318, 1679, 11, 1139, 618, 673, 373, 4964, 5861, 286, 262, 1605, 11918, 11, 673, 2936, 6507, 780, 340, 373, 1598, 1992, 1301, 550, 2626, 290, 262, 6801, 286, 1176, 373, 287, 1502, 13, 198, 198, 39, 2885, 3539, 18871, 1677, 41, 7730, 40, 25, 1406, 618, 257, 1048, 7864, 11, 484, 651, 656, 2607, 11, 290, 262, 584, 530, 3011, 503, 13, 1320, 338, 703, 1204, 318, 13, 921, 460, 470, 4656, 287, 2607, 13, 198, 198, 18973, 1847, 5603, 25, 1375, 1139, 428, 6970, 1336, 880, 326, 673, 338, 691, 1900, 530, 1893, 607, 2104, 1204, 13, 887, 351, 1342, 621, 257, 1285, 284, 467, 878, 7024, 11, 1992, 575, 789, 72, 32887, 574, 72, 318, 6476, 262, 28212, 4427, 286, 465, 3439, 12, 1941, 3896, 13, 5811, 72, 20447, 11, 257, 1862, 14015, 12, 33886, 12, 34470, 6749, 11, 468, 28910, 262, 5471, 290, 28910, 428, 2126, 326, 3863, 30872, 714, 766, 257, 12309, 4351, 286, 1176, 13, 887, 4964, 281, 4641, 319, 1605, 7996, 588, 326, 11, 1139, 311, 14226, 73, 44381, 11, 14682, 607, 13, 198, 198, 35009, 1677, 41, 7730, 40, 25, 632, 338, 14343, 284, 1561, 546, 7996, 783, 994, 13, 11204, 1498, 284, 7564, 257, 1103, 7996, 318, 1611, 286, 257, 4320, 13, 3363, 11, 340, 338, 1611, 286, 257, 4320, 780, 772, 262, 661, 508, 910, 484, 423, 257, 1103, 7996, 389, 588, 326, 13, 1867, 546, 514, 30, 198, 198, 18973, 1847, 5603, 25, 1867, 3022, 379, 262, 13241, 1838, 340, 1283, 588, 7996, 318, 1464, 29885, 11, 326, 340, 338, 428, 1517, 326, 714, 1239, 307, 6939, 11, 673, 1139, 13, 843, 326, 338, 644, 44462, 607, 13, 21566, 1082, 350, 1691, 8326, 11, 17921, 3000, 11, 45327, 6081, 13, 198, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
617
Nightly News   |  October 22, 2013 Wearing the Niqab: Why Muslim women are choosing to wear the veil   Wearing a full face veil, or Niqab, in public in Britain is a way of life for some - but not all - Muslims. The Niqab isn't compulsory in Islamic law but there is now a new generation of younger Muslims who are opting to wear it regardless of whether their mothers or immediate family do. Channel Four Europe’s Darshna Soni reports.  Share This:
[ 24732, 306, 3000, 5624, 1849, 91, 1849, 1849, 18517, 2534, 11, 2211, 198, 198, 54, 6648, 262, 11556, 80, 397, 25, 4162, 3765, 1466, 389, 11236, 284, 5806, 262, 30615, 5624, 198, 198, 54, 6648, 257, 1336, 1986, 30615, 11, 393, 11556, 80, 397, 11, 287, 1171, 287, 5491, 318, 257, 835, 286, 1204, 329, 617, 532, 475, 407, 477, 532, 7045, 13, 383, 11556, 80, 397, 2125, 470, 31967, 287, 5533, 1099, 475, 612, 318, 783, 257, 649, 5270, 286, 7099, 7045, 508, 389, 37529, 284, 5806, 340, 7692, 286, 1771, 511, 12289, 393, 7103, 1641, 466, 13, 11102, 6675, 2031, 447, 247, 82, 360, 5406, 2616, 6295, 72, 3136, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 11649, 770, 25, 198, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
120
Should Monaco qualifying be split? (Poll) Posted on | Author Keith Collantine Drivers don't want to be stuck in traffic during qualifying Drivers don't want to be stuck in traffic during qualifying As predicted here two weeks ago some drivers have been complaining about the amount of traffic during qualifying sessions in F1. Charlie Whiting has told the teams the session could be split so that not all the drivers go out at the same time – if they can agree on a solution. Do you think qualifying at Monaco should be split? Although it’s not clear exactly how it would work, splitting qualifying would mean having 12 instead of 24 cars on track at once, making it easier for each driver to do a lap without getting stuck in traffic. Whether you consider that a good thing or not probably determines where you stand on this debate. Last year 26 GP2 cars participated in a qualifying session of similar length at Monaco. Why should F1, with a higher standard of drivers, make life easier for its competitors than a junior category? Timing a qualifying run and doing as quick a lap as possible despite traffic is an important part of a drivers’ skill – and all the drivers have to cope with the same problem. This debate strikes at the heart of the problem of “improving the show” in F1. The teams want to be able to do clear, unimpeded laps because they want to be able to get the very best out of their car. But seeing drivers cope with difficulties like traffic makes F1 exciting – just as we saw at Sepang when the Ferraris and McLarens made mistakes in qualifying and started at the back of the grid. Anyone who supports the idea of splitting qualifying has lost sight of the fact that F1 isn’t just about who can build the fastest car – it’s also about who can make the best use of it over a race weekend. They should leave Monaco qualifying alone. At present the drivers have a choice between going out early when the track won’t be as grippy but will be less busy, or going out later when the track offers more grip but, inevitably, more traffic. Whoever calls that decision best and sets the fastest time deserves to be on pole position. Do you think qualifying should be split at Monaco? Cast your vote and have your say below: Should qualifying be split in Monaco? • Yes (22%) • No (74%) • No opinion (4%) Total Voters: 1,270 Loading ... Loading ... Read more: Traffic a greater challenge in next races 75 comments on “Should Monaco qualifying be split? (Poll)” 1. Ned Flanders 8th May 2010, 12:26 Heart says definitely not! Head says it might be the sensible thing to do 1. yes I completly agree 2. Nah it’s ********. How would it work? Which ever group went out last would have an advantage because the track would have “rubbered in” more. 2. No. Finding the space to put in a clear lap and set a representative time is part of the challenge of qualifying. If the drivers are concerned about traffic, it simply means that they aren’t good enough at this crucial skill. The only way I can see it possibly being acceptable is if the session was split into two, with odd-numbered cars in one session and even-numbered cars in the second session. Dividing the field on performance alone would be grossly unfair. 1. I’m getting really bored of myself here but once again (for possibly the 100th time) I agree with you when it comes to F1 ! :P Although I don’t think there should be any split, not with odd or even at all. Besides, quali will be more all over the place if people get held up so it’ll be more interesting. They can’t split the race and will have to deal with it then so they may as well get used to it in quali too 1. Don’t worry Steph, we still have politics to disagree on. ;) The odd/even split is not something I would favour, but it would certainly be preferable to dividing the field due to performance or whatever. I still feel that negotiating traffic is part and parcel of qualifying – we don’t want to have to go back to that single-lap nonsense we were stuck with in the early 2000s. 2. your talk reminds me about an certain bbc f1 commmetator find your own words and opinion 3. That’s actually a very interesting idea – the faster guys would still have to deal with the slower guys but with more space to do so. 3. Keith, I agree 100% with your arguments against splitting qualifying. Summed it up nicely. 1. Indeed, same here ! 1. I think he’s manipulating the vote clearly siding with “against”. Despite that, I agree too. 1. You are aware that this is a blog site and so Keith is free to express his opinion?? 2. I’ve put the case for as well as against. 4. I’m 100% against it. What’s next? The FIA deciding when teams have to go on to wets if it rains just to make sure the big teams don’t get caught out… Actually, why do they just start in order of how many points they already have so the big teams will always be at the front. No? No. Stupid, stupid idea. It’d take a lot to put me off F1 and the FIA have tried really hard to make that happen so far without success but this may be one step too far for me. 1. Although apparently all this has come from is a flippant comment from Bruno Senna. To be fair to F1. 5. The main problem with for is that the track gets quicker the whole time. It’ll be unfair for those in the later session. I would suggest a return to a one hour session for this weekend only – perhaps with all cars having to make a run once every 15 mins and allowing them 12-16 laps in total or something like that! I think the main problem nowadays is that F1 is so commercial that every point (which may as well = qualifying position in monaco) is worth so much money that its unfair for a top team to be blocked by a slower team. it may be great for the fans but its not so great for those trying to make money! 1. If they were dead keen on doing something different I’d be happy with a return to a one hour session for Monaco. Don’t worry about making them run once every 15 mins – if they want to risk leaving to the end without one in the bank that’s their own problem 6. If they had a field of 30+ cars, it might be worth considering splitting Q1 up in two “heats” but with 24 cars that is just back to a few years ago. Just concentrate on getting the perfect timing of the lap and your king. That is a very good thing to see in a driver, Vettel did it several times, Schumi used to know about it and Senna was expert, so no let them cope with traffic. 7. I voted no, but I feel for the guys in slower cars, one of them is bound to get blasted for not moving over. 8. It’s surely just a component of Grand Prix racing? What I really don’t understand is why it’s the drivers in the slower cars making this argument. Trulli’s Lotus could find itself in Q2 if his immediate rivals hit traffic and he gets a clean lap. The drivers have just got to get on with it! 1. Jarred Walmsley 8th May 2010, 21:05 I think it’s because they don’t want to be blasted by the faster drivers for not moving over like George said above. 9. No. No. No. No! I have no idea why they are even talking about this. It’s racing GET ON WITH IT! 10. Definately not, all cars should have access to the track at the same time for the same period of time. We all know how quickly the track conditions can change and how much that can affect the cars performance. It needs to be a level playing field and the only way of doing that is by having all the cars in the same sessions. 11. It will only matter in first part of the qualifying and they have 20 minutes to get the fast enough lap not to get stuck in slowest 7. What is next? Race will be split in 2 tiers because of the traffic? 12. With this very tendentious text, it’s quite easy to predict the outcome of this poll. Not that it changes a thing, ’cause, if drivers are hardly listened to in F1, never mind the fans. But my opinion is pro, for Monaco, that is. The argument about GP2 is rather irrelevant, as GP2 cars are quite slower than F1 and a bit more equal, so their facing traffic is more up to the time you go to the track. Monaco is short and narrow. It’d be dangerous (safety first, innit?). Also, I think the idea of separating odd and even numbers would be great. One drivers per team each time. Then divide Q1 in 10 min + 10 min, and so on with Q2 and Q3. We’ll have to wait and see. xx 1. Jarred Walmsley 8th May 2010, 21:06 Q3 does not need to be split as in total theres less cars on the grid then there would be in a Q1 split 13. No,no,no – if these are the qualy rules they want, then the FIA and temas have to live with the consequences….rules are rules. 14. Why dont they just get on with it and stop trying to over-sanitise everything? 15. I don’t think the problem is too many cars, the problem is the huge gap between the front-runners and the back-markers. The back-markers won’t even get a lap in, they’ll just be letting everyone through. 16. samakafuzzy 8th May 2010, 13:34 You cannot really compare GP2 cars and the differences between them in pace, compared to the differences between Red Bull and HRT in Formula 1. It’s much more dangerous if the car in front has rubbish downforce, on one of the tightest tracks in the world, and there’s another 22 cars out there as well! Personally, I think they should split it, 2 Q1 Sessions, 15 minutes long, slowest 8 overall go out, then 6 out in the Q2, and top 10 in Q3. I would split it by odd numbered cars in the team, so 1,3,5,7,9,11,15,17,19,21,23,25 1. samakafuzzy 8th May 2010, 13:37 I only want this though as I want a new team in Q2 on merit, and the extra rubber in the second Q1 session may help launch them into it! 17. No, no, no! What we need is to make qualifying LESS efficient, not more so. 18. Perhaps extending Q1 from 20 min to 30 – 40 min would somewhat reduce the problem with traffic. At least it would be fair to everyone. 19. I’m against special favours, i.e. a split qualifying for Monaco. There is a high probability that at least some drivers will, at some point, get stuck behind someone else on a fast lap, but those conditions are the same for everyone, and professionals at the highest levels of motor racing can be expected to deal with that. 20. The problem at Monaco is there is only space on the track for 1 car. Even the 3 new teams put in a quali lap and need to be looking forward and not behind them. In a race they get out of the way. Off line is only half a car wide on most of the track. The bottom six could go for it alone and let the rest get on with it. I don’t agree with splitting quali but when one of the top 8 drivers and more to the point “your guy or team” lose out the argument changes. A driver can get past someone in a race but to try and do it in quali when there is no track to pass on is to compromise your grid position. 21. Absolutely no split. Deal with it! May as well go back to the ridiculous 1 car at a time format otherwise… 22. It’s time for the new teams to show their colours. Are they professional enough? Are they welcome? Or are they simply Formula 1b? Sure they’re slower, but it’s not all about speed, lets see how the new teams do in a packed session. Maybe it will be some of the front runners who muck up. Also, Q1 will be the first test of what lap 1 will be like, it’s better for safety to run them all in qualifying. 23. I vaguely seem to remember the pace of the Super Aguris being a similar concern when we approached their first Monaco Grand Prix, in 2006, as they were a long way off the pace of the front-running cars at that time. As it happened the only major traffic problem occurred when some lunatic parked his car on the track. 24. Clearly the answer to this pole is “No”. As many have said, the main problem is that the track changes and in general gets quicker as function of the number of tyres that effectively hit it. So provided that the weather conditions stay the same, the first group of 12 will always be disadvantaged. The qualifying should not be split. But what could be done instead is to force all the cars out at start of each qualifying session. This may help improve the track conditions sooner and reduce the chance of everyone rushing out in the last minute. Otherwise, nothing else can be done. 25. No, definitely shouldn’t split qualifying. But, if Vettel gets held up and knocked out then I will be ranting about it, lol. 26. What a bunch of wowsers. The drivers who complained should be given their own separate qualifying session. They would all start the race behind the ones who didn’t moan. Before the session, the crowd would be issued with rotten fruit to throw at them. 1. The one who asked for the split qualifying was Bruno Senna, it was not one of the fancied drivers. 27. I don’t want tem to but if they did, Round 1 has the odd number cars, Round 2 is made up from even number cars. Top 6 from each go to elite quali for a top 12 shootout Bottom 6 from each go to lesser quali to figure out back of grid. 28. MouseNightshirt 8th May 2010, 16:23 No – what happens if it rains in the second of the two sessions? 29. I voted yes. Reasoning being that this is an unusual year with at least six slow cars. These slow cars if on their attempt at a fast lap have no reason at all to pull over if caught by one of the faster drivers and there are very few passing places. If one of the fastest cars is behind one of the slowest cars there will probably need to be an 8 second gap between them so that they do not meet. Not going to happen. I would not expect a split qualifying session next year. 30. My understanding of the split, would be that a number of the top drivers would be given byes into quali 2. If the number of top drivers were to be six. Then 18 cars would take part in quali 1, with the usual 7 to drop out. And then the eleven remaining would be joined by the top six and quali 2 and quali 1 would continue as normal. 31. I’m sticking by what I’ve been saying since this issue came up. Extend the first session and possibly the second session to 40 minutes and 30 minutes respectively. 32. The problem only exists for Q1. So realisticly only one driver would suffer since the slower teams won’t make it through Q1 anyway. 33. Consistency has always proved fair. They need to leave Monaco quali alone. F1 is a battle for first not a show of who can be fastest. There is strategy at every step and quali traffic is part of it. If you get caught out you get caught out. Your boss isn’t gonna care that you came in late due to traffic so why should F1. 34. STRFerrari4Ever 8th May 2010, 18:24 No let them all qualify at once the positives are that with each lap the track will improve more and more so it could be a potential lottery in the sessions :D 35. It just makes it more interesting too if some of the drivers in the better cars are crammed up at the back. 36. theRoswellite 8th May 2010, 19:25 Qualifying at Monaco is a tradition, drivers have been fighting for a good time since the 50’s. The present drivers and teams need to take on the challenge! For me the other real issue, acknowledging that “tradition” might not carry a lot of weight with younger fans, is the possibility of a disparate playing field. If the field is divided in half, the second group should have the benefit of more rubber on the track. But, the greatest problem is precipitation. It will occur for one group and not the other, or the amount will differ. In any case if won’t be an equal playing field. For me, the real concern is safety. Are we creating a situation in which drivers take risks in their driving brought on by too many cars on the track, or too much of a speed differential between cars. That is a question the drivers might answer. 37. No. One of the few reasons for keeping Monaco is the challenge it offers both for the race and qualifying. There’s always been a risk of cars getting caught out, whether we had 26, 24, or 20 cars. I’m not sure why Senna suggested this. He has little chance of making it out of Q1 on pace, so what’s his reasoning? Altruism? He’s in F1 to place as highly as possible, even if he was so generously-minded – and if anyone’s going to benefit anywhere, it’s going to be someone like Senna in the HRT at Monaco. Perhaps he’s worried about getting penalties for “blocking” other cars? But he’s at the back of the grid anyway! Why Senna called for this makes about as much sense as carrying it out! 38. No. I refer you to this link: There were 26 cars in thi qualifying session too. Granted this was back when we had the two hour-long session format but still. The difference between the fastest and slowest cars in this session was NINE SECONDS. Don’t change qualifying. Leave it as it is please. 39. Harry Plums 8th May 2010, 21:31 I dont want the FIA to make special provisions to ‘split’ the qualifying for Monaco, as this would only set presidence for further rule changes as the FIA see’s fit. Here’s why…… The FIA allowed the new teams to join with absolutely no evidence that they would be fast enough to comptete. There is, currently, no rules stating what minimum speed you must carry in order to go racing. [at least none that I’m aware of] Unlike other motorsport events, in F1, once your team is approved to join F1 at the beginning of the season, your already ‘pre-qualified’ to go racing every Sunday regardless of your pace on any given weekend. The teams aren’t qualifying in the tradional sense of the sport – they’re merly setting the grid. Furthermore, with the limited testing, any idiot should have sussed during the off season that there would be the potential for new teams to struggle to keep pace, therefore causing slower cars to be a hinderance to the faster, established teams. This isnt, and should never become, NASCAR where cars take to the track one at a time and then set their fastes possible lap in a clear track. It’s setting your fastest lap under the prevailing conditons at the time, come rain, shine or, in this instance, traffic. Thats the ‘spirit’ of how F1’s qualifying is meant to be. With that said, I have no problems with the teams making a pact, similar to their mutual ban of KERS for 2010, whereas the slower teams agree to go out in Q1 for the first 7.5 minutes and then the remaining teams take to the track for the final 7.5 minutes. Although similar to a ‘split session’, at least this would keep the FIA from making more unnecessary rule changes to F1. 1. Harry Plums 8th May 2010, 21:39 I failed to state that the only reason I have no problem with the teams making a pact to spilt up, is ONLY due to safety. As much as I dont want a split session, I would consider it, only, under a valid and proven concern for safety. 40. Just imagine this as Monaco in real life with traffic, just at 130 mph. Be a right lottery of a race cant wait. 41. Absolutely not. The whole idea is a joke. 42. Totally against the split! IF, and I capitalize IF!, they split it in the end, they should have one car of each team in each heat, so that they get still some taste of traffic! But definitly NO TO SPLIT QUALI! Drivers: live is tough! Deal with it! 43. this is a popular thread so this may have already been said, and i havent really got time to read through it all right now to check it hasn’t so sorry if i’m repeating someone elses point. BUT…… If you split the quali 1 in half, odd-even slow-fast or whatever, what happenes if the first set to go out go out on a dry track, and the second set have to do it in the rain? Its a stupid idea and i think its just bruno senna trying to seem “safety minded” like his uncle… only diference was ayrton senna was fast too. 44. Jonesracing82 9th May 2010, 1:41 no way! if they cant find a clear lap in 20mins then thats thier problem, q1 is rather basic with the new cars making up the bottom 6 and 1 established team car dropping out! so it doesnt need to be changed. further goes to show how team want to win more than providing entertainment 45. No way what so ever?? It won’t be F1 if that happens. I do want to see the top drivers finding their way out of the traffic for the pole position. & if they sent 12 cars along then the first batch will have trouble doing a good lap as then track will be green. 46. The Dutch Bear 9th May 2010, 8:36 NO! NO! NO! Message to the drivers: Traffic is a part of racing! 47. Pretty bad argument saying other junior series must drive in the same situation in Monaco… The name tells everything… its a serie… so there is no such thing as car speed difference of 10 seconds per lap in a series (GP2, etc.)!!! 1. There may be less variation in the performance of the cars but I think we can all agree F1 drivers are on the whole much more experienced and better equipped to cope. 49. I voted yes – but split so that just the 6 new cars are seperate from everyone else. next week we are going to get a lot of arguments, and yes it has always been part of qualifying to predict traffic, but the pace of the new teams is still embarrassing and i’d be willing to put money on a lotus/virgin/HRT ruining at least one front-running driver’s weekend, which is unacceptable. 50. I voted no because I think that it would be making it too easy for the frontrunning drivers. However if the new teams are really worried about getting in the way during Q3 then they have a simple solution, go out at the very beginning of the session and set a time then stay in their garage for the rest of the session. 51. Not at Monaco but give it a shot. In Monaco it makes sense to split the first session so everybody will say it was a good decision. But we need an objective research so lets try it at Turkish GP 1. Wouldn’t that be a little late since the suggestion is specifically for Monaco??? 52. I would at least extend Q1 with 10 minutes. Things should stay fair and not unpredictable. 53. Looks like some of the F1 team bosses are reading this blog as well. Horner quoted one of the team members saying this: “I think the most worrying aspect is Q1, it is just a matter of trying to get a lap that is sufficiently clear to post a time through Q1. Somebody unfortunately mentioned statistically that every 200 metres there will be a car if everyone runs and there is obviously a big difference in pace between the cars.” This sounds remarkebly like one of the arguments i read here about the dangers of traffic in Keiths article about more traffic a couple of weeks ago! 54. Did there used to be a time when the FIA would create rules for Formula One and leave them be for a couple of years? Now, they’re constantly changing everything. It would be nice to let the teams and drivers adapt to the race conditions as the world’s best drivers should be able to! 55. I was thinking about this again yesterday and if they HAD to split it, they could have 2 Q1 heats with the slowest 4 in each heat dropping out, then putting the survivors into Q2 & Q3 as normal. Put one car from each team into each heat. This would remove any issues about the weather, the track being more rubbered in for the 2nd group, etc. Leave a Reply
[ 19926, 31630, 18677, 307, 6626, 30, 357, 39176, 8, 198, 198, 14231, 319, 930, 6434, 14926, 7778, 29003, 198, 198, 20564, 690, 836, 470, 765, 284, 307, 7819, 287, 4979, 1141, 18677, 198, 20564, 690, 836, 470, 765, 284, 307, 7819, 287, 4979, 1141, 18677, 198, 198, 1722, 11001, 994, 734, 2745, 2084, 617, 6643, 423, 587, 18705, 546, 262, 2033, 286, 4979, 1141, 18677, 10991, 287, 376, 16, 13, 198, 198, 37136, 854, 1780, 468, 1297, 262, 3466, 262, 6246, 714, 307, 6626, 523, 326, 407, 477, 262, 6643, 467, 503, 379, 262, 976, 640, 784, 611, 484, 460, 4236, 319, 257, 4610, 13, 198, 198, 5211, 345, 892, 18677, 379, 31630, 815, 307, 6626, 30, 628, 198, 7003, 340, 447, 247, 82, 407, 1598, 3446, 703, 340, 561, 670, 11, 26021, 18677, 561, 1612, 1719, 1105, 2427, 286, 1987, 5006, 319, 2610, 379, 1752, 11, 1642, 340, 4577, 329, 1123, 4639, 284, 466, 257, 14779, 1231, 1972, 7819, 287, 4979, 13, 198, 198, 15354, 345, 2074, 326, 257, 922, 1517, 393, 407, 2192, 15947, 810, 345, 1302, 319, 428, 4384, 13, 628, 198, 5956, 614, 2608, 14714, 17, 5006, 14888, 287, 257, 18677, 6246, 286, 2092, 4129, 379, 31630, 13, 4162, 815, 376, 16, 11, 351, 257, 2440, 3210, 286, 6643, 11, 787, 1204, 4577, 329, 663, 13861, 621, 257, 13430, 6536, 30, 198, 198, 14967, 278, 257, 18677, 1057, 290, 1804, 355, 2068, 257, 14779, 355, 1744, 3805, 4979, 318, 281, 1593, 636, 286, 257, 6643, 447, 247, 5032, 784, 290, 477, 262, 6643, 423, 284, 19271, 351, 262, 976, 1917, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 4384, 8956, 379, 262, 2612, 286, 262, 1917, 286, 564, 250, 32077, 1075, 262, 905, 447, 251, 287, 376, 16, 13, 383, 3466, 765, 284, 307, 1498, 284, 466, 1598, 11, 28418, 9124, 276, 24590, 780, 484, 765, 284, 307, 1498, 284, 651, 262, 845, 1266, 503, 286, 511, 1097, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 4379, 6643, 19271, 351, 13156, 588, 4979, 1838, 376, 16, 7895, 784, 655, 355, 356, 2497, 379, 8621, 648, 618, 262, 19130, 20066, 290, 33017, 82, 925, 10135, 287, 18677, 290, 2067, 379, 262, 736, 286, 262, 10706, 13, 198, 198, 21129, 508, 6971, 262, 2126, 286, 26021, 18677, 468, 2626, 6504, 286, 262, 1109, 326, 376, 16, 2125, 447, 247, 83, 655, 546, 508, 460, 1382, 262, 14162, 1097, 784, 340, 447, 247, 82, 635, 546, 508, 460, 787, 262, 1266, 779, 286, 340, 625, 257, 3234, 5041, 13, 198, 198, 2990, 815, 2666, 31630, 18677, 3436, 13, 1629, 1944, 262, 6643, 423, 257, 3572, 1022, 1016, 503, 1903, 618, 262, 2610, 1839, 447, 247, 83, 307, 355, 11120, 14097, 475, 481, 307, 1342, 8179, 11, 393, 1016, 503, 1568, 618, 262, 2610, 4394, 517, 11762, 475, 11, 16857, 11, 517, 4979, 13, 37807, 3848, 326, 2551, 1266, 290, 5621, 262, 14162, 640, 14071, 284, 307, 319, 16825, 2292, 13, 628, 198, 5211, 345, 892, 18677, 815, 307, 6626, 379, 31630, 30, 5833, 534, 3015, 290, 423, 534, 910, 2174, 25, 198, 198, 19926, 18677, 307, 6626, 287, 31630, 30, 628, 50286, 3581, 3363, 357, 1828, 4407, 198, 50286, 3581, 1400, 357, 4524, 4407, 198, 50286, 3581, 1400, 4459, 357, 19, 4407, 198, 198, 14957, 35689, 25, 352, 11, 20233, 198, 198, 19031, 2644, 1849, 19031, 2644, 198, 198, 5569, 517, 25, 23624, 257, 3744, 4427, 287, 1306, 9558, 198, 198, 2425, 3651, 319, 564, 250, 19926, 31630, 18677, 307, 6626, 30, 357, 39176, 8, 447, 251, 628, 50286, 16, 13, 35754, 376, 32358, 198, 50284, 23, 400, 1737, 3050, 11, 1105, 25, 2075, 628, 50284, 28541, 1139, 4753, 407, 0, 198, 50284, 13847, 1139, 340, 1244, 307, 262, 20586, 1517, 284, 466, 628, 50284, 16, 13, 3763, 314, 1224, 83, 306, 4236, 628, 50284, 17, 13, 35201, 340, 447, 247, 82, 220, 4557, 13, 1374, 561, 340, 670, 30, 9022, 1683, 1448, 1816, 503, 938, 561, 423, 281, 4621, 780, 262, 2610, 561, 423, 564, 250, 25089, 9451, 287, 447, 251, 517, 13, 628, 50286, 17, 13, 1400, 13, 27063, 262, 2272, 284, 1234, 287, 257, 1598, 14779, 290, 900, 257, 8852, 640, 318, 636, 286, 262, 4427, 286, 18677, 13, 1002, 262, 6643, 389, 5213, 546, 4979, 11, 340, 2391, 1724, 326, 484, 3588, 447, 247, 83, 922, 1576, 379, 428, 8780, 5032, 13, 628, 50284, 464, 691, 835, 314, 460, 766, 340, 5457, 852, 10909, 318, 611, 262, 6246, 373, 6626, 656, 734, 11, 351, 5629, 12, 35565, 5006, 287, 530, 6246, 290, 772, 12, 35565, 5006, 287, 262, 1218, 6246, 13, 360, 1699, 278, 262, 2214, 319, 2854, 3436, 561, 307, 40316, 11675, 13, 628, 50284, 16, 13, 314, 447, 247, 76, 1972, 1107, 17533, 286, 3589, 994, 475, 1752, 757, 357, 1640, 5457, 262, 1802, 400, 640, 8, 314, 4236, 351, 345, 618, 340, 2058, 284, 376, 16, 5145, 1058, 47, 198, 50282, 7003, 314, 836, 447, 247, 83, 892, 612, 815, 307, 597, 6626, 11, 407, 351, 5629, 393, 772, 379, 477, 13, 198, 50282, 23937, 11, 4140, 72, 481, 307, 517, 477, 625, 262, 1295, 611, 661, 651, 2714, 510, 523, 340, 447, 247, 297, 307, 517, 3499, 13, 1119, 460, 447, 247, 83, 6626, 262, 3234, 290, 481, 423, 284, 1730, 351, 340, 788, 523, 484, 743, 355, 880, 651, 973, 284, 340, 287, 4140, 72, 1165, 628, 50282, 16, 13, 2094, 447, 247, 83, 5490, 39644, 11, 356, 991, 423, 4819, 284, 12546, 319, 13, 35540, 628, 50280, 464, 5629, 14, 10197, 6626, 318, 407, 1223, 314, 561, 7075, 11, 475, 340, 561, 3729, 307, 33887, 284, 27241, 262, 2214, 2233, 284, 2854, 393, 4232, 13, 314, 991, 1254, 326, 19025, 4979, 318, 636, 290, 25232, 286, 18677, 784, 356, 836, 447, 247, 83, 765, 284, 423, 284, 467, 736, 284, 326, 2060, 12, 37796, 18149, 356, 547, 7819, 351, 287, 262, 1903, 4751, 82, 13, 628, 50284, 17, 13, 534, 1561, 17603, 502, 546, 281, 1728, 275, 15630, 277, 16, 725, 4164, 1352, 1064, 534, 898, 2456, 290, 4459, 628, 50284, 18, 13, 1320, 447, 247, 82, 1682, 257, 845, 3499, 2126, 784, 262, 5443, 3730, 561, 991, 423, 284, 1730, 351, 262, 13611, 3730, 475, 351, 517, 2272, 284, 466, 523, 13, 628, 50286, 18, 13, 14926, 11, 314, 4236, 1802, 4, 351, 534, 7159, 1028, 26021, 18677, 13, 5060, 1150, 340, 510, 16576, 13, 628, 50284, 16, 13, 9676, 11, 976, 994, 5145, 628, 50282, 16, 13, 314, 892, 339, 447, 247, 82, 29349, 262, 3015, 4084, 264, 2530, 351, 564, 250, 32826, 447, 251, 13, 7945, 326, 11, 314, 4236, 1165, 13, 628, 50280, 16, 13, 921, 389, 3910, 326, 428, 318, 257, 4130, 2524, 290, 523, 14926, 318, 1479, 284, 4911, 465, 4459, 3548, 628, 50280, 17, 13, 314, 447, 247, 303, 1234, 262, 1339, 329, 355, 880, 355, 1028, 13, 628, 50286, 19, 13, 314, 447, 247, 76, 1802, 4, 1028, 340, 13, 1867, 447, 247, 82, 1306, 30, 383, 49432, 14615, 618, 3466, 423, 284, 467, 319, 284, 266, 1039, 611, 340, 29424, 655, 284, 787, 1654, 262, 1263, 3466, 836, 447, 247, 83, 651, 4978, 503, 1399, 18689, 11, 1521, 466, 484, 655, 923, 287, 1502, 286, 703, 867, 2173, 484, 1541, 423, 523, 262, 1263, 3466, 481, 1464, 307, 379, 262, 2166, 13, 1400, 30, 1400, 13, 628, 50284, 1273, 7658, 11, 8531, 2126, 13, 628, 50284, 1026, 447, 247, 67, 1011, 257, 1256, 284, 1234, 502, 572, 376, 16, 290, 262, 49432, 423, 3088, 1107, 1327, 284, 787, 326, 1645, 523, 1290, 1231, 1943, 475, 428, 743, 307, 530, 2239, 1165, 1290, 329, 502, 13, 628, 50284, 16, 13, 4900, 5729, 477, 428, 468, 1282, 422, 318, 257, 781, 3974, 415, 2912, 422, 31045, 311, 13713, 13, 1675, 307, 3148, 284, 376, 16, 13, 628, 50286, 20, 13, 383, 1388, 1917, 351, 329, 318, 326, 262, 2610, 3011, 20061, 262, 2187, 640, 13, 632, 447, 247, 297, 307, 11675, 329, 883, 287, 262, 1568, 6246, 13, 628, 50284, 40, 561, 1950, 257, 1441, 284, 257, 530, 1711, 6246, 329, 428, 5041, 691, 784, 3737, 351, 477, 5006, 1719, 284, 787, 257, 1057, 1752, 790, 1315, 23550, 290, 5086, 606, 1105, 12, 1433, 24590, 287, 2472, 393, 1223, 588, 326, 0, 628, 50284, 40, 892, 262, 1388, 1917, 26760, 318, 326, 376, 16, 318, 523, 5068, 326, 790, 966, 357, 4758, 743, 355, 880, 796, 18677, 2292, 287, 937, 10602, 8, 318, 2861, 523, 881, 1637, 326, 663, 11675, 329, 257, 1353, 1074, 284, 307, 10226, 416, 257, 13611, 1074, 13, 340, 743, 307, 1049, 329, 262, 3296, 475, 663, 407, 523, 1049, 329, 883, 2111, 284, 787, 1637, 0, 628, 50284, 16, 13, 1002, 484, 547, 2636, 13795, 319, 1804, 1223, 1180, 314, 447, 247, 67, 307, 3772, 351, 257, 1441, 284, 257, 530, 1711, 6246, 329, 31630, 13, 2094, 447, 247, 83, 5490, 546, 1642, 606, 1057, 1752, 790, 1315, 23550, 784, 611, 484, 765, 284, 2526, 4305, 284, 262, 886, 1231, 530, 287, 262, 3331, 326, 447, 247, 82, 511, 898, 1917, 628, 50286, 21, 13, 1002, 484, 550, 257, 2214, 286, 1542, 10, 5006, 11, 340, 1244, 307, 2861, 6402, 26021, 1195, 16, 510, 287, 734, 564, 250, 258, 1381, 447, 251, 475, 351, 1987, 5006, 326, 318, 655, 736, 284, 257, 1178, 812, 2084, 13, 198, 50284, 5703, 20062, 319, 1972, 262, 2818, 10576, 286, 262, 14779, 290, 534, 5822, 13, 1320, 318, 257, 845, 922, 1517, 284, 766, 287, 257, 4639, 11, 569, 47417, 750, 340, 1811, 1661, 11, 3059, 12994, 973, 284, 760, 546, 340, 290, 311, 13713, 373, 5887, 11, 523, 645, 1309, 606, 19271, 351, 4979, 13, 628, 50286, 22, 13, 314, 7052, 645, 11, 475, 314, 1254, 329, 262, 3730, 287, 13611, 5006, 11, 530, 286, 606, 318, 5421, 284, 651, 26044, 329, 407, 3867, 625, 13, 628, 50286, 23, 13, 632, 447, 247, 82, 10403, 655, 257, 7515, 286, 5675, 23832, 11717, 30, 1867, 314, 1107, 836, 447, 247, 83, 1833, 318, 1521, 340, 447, 247, 82, 262, 6643, 287, 262, 13611, 5006, 1642, 428, 4578, 13, 13616, 15516, 447, 247, 82, 27578, 714, 1064, 2346, 287, 1195, 17, 611, 465, 7103, 14987, 2277, 4979, 290, 339, 3011, 257, 3424, 14779, 13, 628, 50284, 464, 6643, 423, 655, 1392, 284, 651, 319, 351, 340, 0, 628, 50284, 16, 13, 15374, 445, 6445, 907, 1636, 198, 50282, 23, 400, 1737, 3050, 11, 2310, 25, 2713, 628, 50282, 40, 892, 340, 447, 247, 82, 780, 484, 836, 447, 247, 83, 765, 284, 307, 26044, 416, 262, 5443, 6643, 329, 407, 3867, 625, 588, 4502, 531, 2029, 13, 628, 50286, 24, 13, 1400, 13, 1400, 13, 1400, 13, 1400, 0, 628, 50284, 40, 423, 645, 2126, 1521, 484, 389, 772, 3375, 546, 428, 13, 632, 447, 247, 82, 11717, 17151, 6177, 13315, 7283, 0, 628, 50286, 940, 13, 29589, 1286, 407, 11, 477, 5006, 815, 423, 1895, 284, 262, 2610, 379, 262, 976, 640, 329, 262, 976, 2278, 286, 640, 13, 628, 50284, 1135, 477, 760, 703, 2952, 262, 2610, 3403, 460, 1487, 290, 703, 881, 326, 460, 2689, 262, 5006, 2854, 13, 632, 2476, 284, 307, 257, 1241, 2712, 2214, 290, 262, 691, 835, 286, 1804, 326, 318, 416, 1719, 477, 262, 5006, 287, 262, 976, 10991, 13, 628, 50286, 1157, 13, 632, 481, 691, 2300, 287, 717, 636, 286, 262, 18677, 290, 484, 423, 1160, 2431, 284, 651, 262, 3049, 1576, 14779, 407, 284, 651, 7819, 287, 3105, 395, 767, 13, 1867, 318, 1306, 30, 12588, 481, 307, 6626, 287, 362, 33355, 780, 286, 262, 4979, 30, 628, 50286, 1065, 13, 2080, 428, 845, 4327, 43787, 2420, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 2407, 2562, 284, 4331, 262, 8055, 286, 428, 3278, 13, 1892, 326, 340, 2458, 257, 1517, 11, 564, 247, 25587, 11, 611, 6643, 389, 8941, 16399, 284, 287, 376, 16, 11, 1239, 2000, 262, 3296, 13, 198, 50284, 1537, 616, 4459, 318, 386, 11, 329, 31630, 11, 326, 318, 13, 198, 50284, 464, 4578, 546, 14714, 17, 318, 2138, 18046, 11, 355, 14714, 17, 5006, 389, 2407, 13611, 621, 376, 16, 290, 257, 1643, 517, 4961, 11, 523, 511, 6476, 4979, 318, 517, 510, 284, 262, 640, 345, 467, 284, 262, 2610, 13, 198, 50284, 9069, 10602, 318, 1790, 290, 7135, 13, 632, 447, 247, 67, 307, 4923, 357, 44708, 717, 11, 3527, 270, 29865, 198, 50284, 7583, 11, 314, 892, 262, 2126, 286, 27259, 5629, 290, 772, 3146, 561, 307, 1049, 13, 1881, 6643, 583, 1074, 1123, 640, 13, 3244, 14083, 1195, 16, 287, 838, 949, 1343, 838, 949, 11, 290, 523, 319, 351, 1195, 17, 290, 1195, 18, 13, 198, 50284, 1135, 447, 247, 297, 423, 284, 4043, 290, 766, 13, 31383, 628, 50284, 16, 13, 15374, 445, 6445, 907, 1636, 198, 50282, 23, 400, 1737, 3050, 11, 2310, 25, 3312, 628, 50282, 48, 18, 857, 407, 761, 284, 307, 6626, 355, 287, 2472, 262, 411, 1342, 5006, 319, 262, 10706, 788, 612, 561, 307, 287, 257, 1195, 16, 6626, 628, 50286, 1485, 13, 1400, 11, 3919, 11, 3919, 784, 611, 777, 389, 262, 627, 3400, 3173, 484, 765, 11, 788, 262, 49432, 290, 2169, 292, 423, 284, 2107, 351, 262, 6948, 11580, 38785, 389, 3173, 13, 628, 50286, 1415, 13, 4162, 17666, 484, 655, 651, 319, 351, 340, 290, 2245, 2111, 284, 625, 12, 12807, 270, 786, 2279, 30, 628, 50286, 1314, 13, 314, 836, 447, 247, 83, 892, 262, 1917, 318, 1165, 867, 5006, 11, 262, 1917, 318, 262, 3236, 7625, 1022, 262, 2166, 12, 36740, 290, 262, 736, 12, 4102, 364, 13, 383, 736, 12, 4102, 364, 1839, 447, 247, 83, 772, 651, 257, 14779, 287, 11, 484, 447, 247, 297, 655, 307, 9616, 2506, 832, 13, 628, 50286, 1433, 13, 6072, 461, 1878, 4715, 88, 198, 50284, 23, 400, 1737, 3050, 11, 1511, 25, 2682, 628, 50284, 1639, 2314, 1107, 8996, 14714, 17, 5006, 290, 262, 5400, 1022, 606, 287, 8761, 11, 3688, 284, 262, 5400, 1022, 2297, 8266, 290, 367, 14181, 287, 19639, 352, 13, 632, 447, 247, 82, 881, 517, 4923, 611, 262, 1097, 287, 2166, 468, 35022, 866, 3174, 11, 319, 530, 286, 262, 5381, 395, 8339, 287, 262, 995, 11, 290, 612, 447, 247, 82, 1194, 2534, 5006, 503, 612, 355, 880, 0, 31342, 11, 314, 892, 484, 815, 6626, 340, 11, 362, 1195, 16, 15184, 11, 1315, 2431, 890, 11, 3105, 395, 807, 4045, 467, 503, 11, 788, 718, 503, 287, 262, 1195, 17, 11, 290, 1353, 838, 287, 1195, 18, 13, 314, 561, 6626, 340, 416, 5629, 25840, 5006, 287, 262, 1074, 11, 523, 352, 11, 18, 11, 20, 11, 22, 11, 24, 11, 1157, 11, 1314, 11, 1558, 11, 1129, 11, 2481, 11, 1954, 11, 1495, 628, 198, 50284, 16, 13, 6072, 461, 1878, 4715, 88, 198, 50282, 23, 400, 1737, 3050, 11, 1511, 25, 2718, 628, 50282, 40, 691, 765, 428, 996, 355, 314, 765, 257, 649, 1074, 287, 1195, 17, 319, 17004, 11, 290, 262, 3131, 14239, 287, 262, 1218, 1195, 16, 6246, 743, 1037, 4219, 606, 656, 340, 0, 628, 50286, 1558, 13, 1400, 11, 645, 11, 645, 0, 1867, 356, 761, 318, 284, 787, 18677, 406, 7597, 6942, 11, 407, 517, 523, 13, 628, 50286, 1507, 13, 8673, 16610, 1195, 16, 422, 1160, 949, 284, 1542, 784, 2319, 949, 561, 6454, 4646, 262, 1917, 351, 4979, 13, 1629, 1551, 340, 561, 307, 3148, 284, 2506, 13, 628, 50286, 1129, 13, 314, 447, 247, 76, 1028, 2041, 2090, 4662, 11, 1312, 13, 68, 13, 257, 6626, 18677, 329, 31630, 13, 1318, 318, 257, 1029, 12867, 326, 379, 1551, 617, 6643, 481, 11, 379, 617, 966, 11, 651, 7819, 2157, 2130, 2073, 319, 257, 3049, 14779, 11, 475, 883, 3403, 389, 262, 976, 329, 2506, 11, 290, 11153, 379, 262, 4511, 2974, 286, 5584, 11717, 460, 307, 2938, 284, 1730, 351, 326, 13, 628, 50286, 1238, 13, 383, 1917, 379, 31630, 318, 612, 318, 691, 2272, 319, 262, 2610, 329, 352, 1097, 13, 3412, 262, 513, 649, 3466, 1234, 287, 257, 4140, 72, 14779, 290, 761, 284, 307, 2045, 2651, 290, 407, 2157, 606, 13, 554, 257, 3234, 484, 651, 503, 286, 262, 835, 13, 3242, 1627, 318, 691, 2063, 257, 1097, 3094, 319, 749, 286, 262, 2610, 13, 383, 4220, 2237, 714, 467, 329, 340, 3436, 290, 1309, 262, 1334, 651, 319, 351, 340, 13, 314, 836, 447, 247, 83, 4236, 351, 26021, 4140, 72, 475, 618, 530, 286, 262, 1353, 807, 6643, 290, 517, 284, 262, 966, 564, 250, 14108, 3516, 393, 1074, 447, 251, 4425, 503, 262, 4578, 2458, 13, 317, 4639, 460, 651, 1613, 2130, 287, 257, 3234, 475, 284, 1949, 290, 466, 340, 287, 4140, 72, 618, 612, 318, 645, 2610, 284, 1208, 319, 318, 284, 13110, 534, 10706, 2292, 13, 628, 50286, 2481, 13, 28416, 645, 6626, 13, 15138, 351, 340, 0, 628, 50284, 6747, 355, 880, 467, 736, 284, 262, 11441, 352, 1097, 379, 257, 640, 5794, 4306, 1399, 628, 50286, 1828, 13, 632, 447, 247, 82, 640, 329, 262, 649, 3466, 284, 905, 511, 18915, 13, 4231, 484, 4708, 1576, 30, 4231, 484, 7062, 30, 1471, 389, 484, 2391, 19639, 352, 65, 30, 628, 50284, 19457, 484, 447, 247, 260, 13611, 11, 475, 340, 447, 247, 82, 407, 477, 546, 2866, 11, 8781, 766, 703, 262, 649, 3466, 466, 287, 257, 11856, 6246, 13, 6674, 340, 481, 307, 617, 286, 262, 2166, 19323, 508, 285, 1347, 510, 13, 628, 50284, 7583, 11, 1195, 16, 481, 307, 262, 717, 1332, 286, 644, 14779, 352, 481, 307, 588, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 1365, 329, 3747, 284, 1057, 606, 477, 287, 18677, 13, 628, 50286, 1954, 13, 314, 29627, 1283, 284, 3505, 262, 8761, 286, 262, 3115, 2449, 333, 271, 852, 257, 2092, 2328, 618, 356, 10448, 511, 717, 31630, 5675, 23832, 11, 287, 4793, 11, 355, 484, 547, 257, 890, 835, 572, 262, 8761, 286, 262, 2166, 12, 20270, 5006, 379, 326, 640, 13, 1081, 340, 3022, 262, 691, 1688, 4979, 1917, 5091, 618, 617, 14678, 1512, 19584, 465, 1097, 319, 262, 2610, 13, 628, 50286, 1731, 13, 23730, 262, 3280, 284, 428, 16825, 318, 564, 250, 2949, 447, 251, 13, 628, 50284, 1722, 867, 423, 531, 11, 262, 1388, 1917, 318, 326, 262, 2610, 2458, 290, 287, 2276, 3011, 20061, 355, 2163, 286, 262, 1271, 286, 40498, 326, 6840, 2277, 340, 13, 1406, 2810, 326, 262, 6193, 3403, 2652, 262, 976, 11, 262, 717, 1448, 286, 1105, 481, 1464, 307, 36327, 13, 628, 50284, 464, 18677, 815, 407, 307, 6626, 13, 887, 644, 714, 307, 1760, 2427, 318, 284, 2700, 477, 262, 5006, 503, 379, 923, 286, 1123, 18677, 6246, 13, 770, 743, 1037, 2987, 262, 2610, 3403, 14556, 290, 4646, 262, 2863, 286, 2506, 15795, 503, 287, 262, 938, 5664, 13, 628, 50284, 48059, 11, 2147, 2073, 460, 307, 1760, 13, 628, 50286, 1495, 13, 1400, 11, 4753, 6584, 447, 247, 83, 6626, 18677, 13, 887, 11, 611, 569, 47417, 3011, 2714, 510, 290, 13642, 503, 788, 314, 481, 307, 374, 20482, 546, 340, 11, 19462, 13, 628, 50286, 2075, 13, 1867, 257, 7684, 286, 266, 1666, 364, 13, 383, 6643, 508, 13832, 815, 307, 1813, 511, 898, 4553, 18677, 6246, 13, 1119, 561, 477, 923, 262, 3234, 2157, 262, 3392, 508, 1422, 447, 247, 83, 44567, 13, 7413, 262, 6246, 11, 262, 4315, 561, 307, 4884, 351, 36371, 8234, 284, 3714, 379, 606, 13, 628, 50284, 16, 13, 383, 530, 508, 1965, 329, 262, 6626, 18677, 373, 31045, 311, 13713, 11, 340, 373, 407, 530, 286, 262, 39980, 798, 6643, 13, 628, 50286, 1983, 13, 314, 836, 447, 247, 83, 765, 2169, 284, 475, 611, 484, 750, 11, 628, 50284, 22685, 352, 468, 262, 5629, 1271, 5006, 11, 198, 50284, 22685, 362, 318, 925, 510, 422, 772, 1271, 5006, 13, 628, 50284, 9126, 718, 422, 1123, 467, 284, 9085, 4140, 72, 329, 257, 1353, 1105, 34995, 198, 50284, 34104, 718, 422, 1123, 467, 284, 14494, 4140, 72, 284, 3785, 503, 736, 286, 10706, 13, 628, 50286, 2078, 13, 21839, 24732, 15600, 198, 50284, 23, 400, 1737, 3050, 11, 1467, 25, 1954, 628, 50284, 2949, 784, 644, 4325, 611, 340, 29424, 287, 262, 1218, 286, 262, 734, 10991, 30, 628, 50286, 1959, 13, 314, 7052, 3763, 13, 23219, 278, 852, 326, 428, 318, 281, 8468, 614, 351, 379, 1551, 2237, 3105, 5006, 13, 2312, 3105, 5006, 611, 319, 511, 2230, 379, 257, 3049, 14779, 423, 645, 1738, 379, 477, 284, 2834, 625, 611, 4978, 416, 530, 286, 262, 5443, 6643, 290, 612, 389, 845, 1178, 6427, 4113, 13, 628, 50284, 1532, 530, 286, 262, 14162, 5006, 318, 2157, 530, 286, 262, 3105, 395, 5006, 612, 481, 2192, 761, 284, 307, 281, 807, 1218, 7625, 1022, 606, 523, 326, 484, 466, 407, 1826, 13, 1892, 1016, 284, 1645, 13, 628, 50284, 40, 561, 407, 1607, 257, 6626, 18677, 6246, 1306, 614, 13, 628, 50286, 1270, 13, 2011, 4547, 286, 262, 6626, 11, 561, 307, 326, 257, 1271, 286, 262, 1353, 6643, 561, 307, 1813, 416, 274, 656, 4140, 72, 362, 13, 628, 50284, 1532, 262, 1271, 286, 1353, 6643, 547, 284, 307, 2237, 13, 3244, 1248, 5006, 561, 1011, 636, 287, 4140, 72, 352, 11, 351, 262, 6678, 767, 284, 4268, 503, 13, 843, 788, 262, 22216, 5637, 561, 307, 5399, 416, 262, 1353, 2237, 290, 4140, 72, 362, 290, 4140, 72, 352, 561, 2555, 355, 3487, 13, 628, 50286, 3132, 13, 314, 447, 247, 76, 17274, 416, 644, 314, 447, 247, 303, 587, 2282, 1201, 428, 2071, 1625, 510, 13, 46228, 262, 717, 6246, 290, 5457, 262, 1218, 6246, 284, 2319, 2431, 290, 1542, 2431, 8148, 13, 628, 50286, 2624, 13, 383, 1917, 691, 7160, 329, 1195, 16, 13, 1406, 12653, 306, 691, 530, 4639, 561, 8659, 1201, 262, 13611, 3466, 1839, 447, 247, 83, 787, 340, 832, 1195, 16, 6949, 13, 628, 50286, 2091, 13, 3515, 396, 1387, 468, 1464, 8302, 3148, 13, 1119, 761, 284, 2666, 31630, 4140, 72, 3436, 13, 376, 16, 318, 257, 3344, 329, 717, 407, 257, 905, 286, 508, 460, 307, 14162, 13, 1318, 318, 4811, 379, 790, 2239, 290, 4140, 72, 4979, 318, 636, 286, 340, 13, 1002, 345, 651, 4978, 503, 345, 651, 4978, 503, 13, 628, 50284, 7120, 6478, 2125, 447, 247, 83, 8066, 1337, 326, 345, 1625, 287, 2739, 2233, 284, 4979, 523, 1521, 815, 376, 16, 13, 628, 50286, 2682, 13, 19269, 37, 8056, 2743, 19, 23921, 198, 50284, 23, 400, 1737, 3050, 11, 1248, 25, 1731, 628, 50284, 2949, 1309, 606, 477, 12780, 379, 1752, 262, 38548, 389, 326, 351, 1123, 14779, 262, 2610, 481, 2987, 517, 290, 517, 523, 340, 714, 307, 257, 2785, 22098, 287, 262, 10991, 1058, 35, 628, 50286, 2327, 13, 632, 655, 1838, 340, 517, 3499, 1165, 611, 617, 286, 262, 6643, 287, 262, 1365, 5006, 389, 48384, 510, 379, 262, 736, 13, 628, 50286, 2623, 13, 262, 35740, 4053, 578, 198, 50284, 23, 400, 1737, 3050, 11, 678, 25, 1495, 628, 50284, 46181, 4035, 379, 31630, 318, 257, 6761, 11, 6643, 423, 587, 4330, 329, 257, 922, 640, 1201, 262, 2026, 447, 247, 82, 13, 383, 1944, 6643, 290, 3466, 761, 284, 1011, 319, 262, 4427, 0, 628, 50284, 1890, 502, 262, 584, 1103, 2071, 11, 25937, 326, 564, 250, 2213, 324, 653, 447, 251, 1244, 407, 3283, 257, 1256, 286, 3463, 351, 7099, 3296, 11, 318, 262, 5885, 286, 257, 37433, 2712, 2214, 13, 628, 50284, 1532, 262, 2214, 318, 9086, 287, 2063, 11, 262, 1218, 1448, 815, 423, 262, 4414, 286, 517, 14239, 319, 262, 2610, 13, 628, 50284, 1537, 11, 262, 6000, 1917, 318, 32025, 13, 632, 481, 3051, 329, 530, 1448, 290, 407, 262, 584, 11, 393, 262, 2033, 481, 13238, 13, 554, 597, 1339, 611, 1839, 447, 247, 83, 307, 281, 4961, 2712, 2214, 13, 628, 50284, 1890, 502, 11, 262, 1103, 2328, 318, 3747, 13, 4231, 356, 4441, 257, 3074, 287, 543, 6643, 1011, 7476, 287, 511, 5059, 3181, 319, 416, 1165, 867, 5006, 319, 262, 2610, 11, 393, 1165, 881, 286, 257, 2866, 22577, 1022, 5006, 13, 628, 50284, 2504, 318, 257, 1808, 262, 6643, 1244, 3280, 13, 628, 50286, 2718, 13, 1400, 13, 1881, 286, 262, 1178, 3840, 329, 5291, 31630, 318, 262, 4427, 340, 4394, 1111, 329, 262, 3234, 290, 18677, 13, 1318, 447, 247, 82, 1464, 587, 257, 2526, 286, 5006, 1972, 4978, 503, 11, 1771, 356, 550, 2608, 11, 1987, 11, 393, 1160, 5006, 13, 628, 50284, 40, 447, 247, 76, 407, 1654, 1521, 311, 13713, 5220, 428, 13, 679, 468, 1310, 2863, 286, 1642, 340, 503, 286, 1195, 16, 319, 8761, 11, 523, 644, 447, 247, 82, 465, 14607, 30, 12344, 622, 1042, 30, 679, 447, 247, 82, 287, 376, 16, 284, 1295, 355, 4047, 355, 1744, 11, 772, 611, 339, 373, 523, 42088, 12, 14543, 784, 290, 611, 2687, 447, 247, 82, 1016, 284, 4414, 6609, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 1016, 284, 307, 2130, 588, 311, 13713, 287, 262, 367, 14181, 379, 31630, 13, 628, 50284, 13710, 339, 447, 247, 82, 7960, 546, 1972, 12970, 329, 564, 250, 41938, 447, 251, 584, 5006, 30, 887, 339, 447, 247, 82, 379, 262, 736, 286, 262, 10706, 6949, 0, 628, 50284, 5195, 311, 13713, 1444, 329, 428, 1838, 546, 355, 881, 2565, 355, 6872, 340, 503, 0, 628, 50286, 2548, 13, 1400, 13, 628, 50284, 40, 3522, 345, 284, 428, 2792, 25, 628, 50284, 1858, 547, 2608, 5006, 287, 294, 72, 18677, 6246, 1165, 13, 628, 50284, 8642, 4126, 428, 373, 736, 618, 356, 550, 262, 734, 1711, 12, 6511, 6246, 5794, 475, 991, 13, 628, 50284, 464, 3580, 1022, 262, 14162, 290, 3105, 395, 5006, 287, 428, 6246, 373, 399, 8881, 10729, 1340, 5258, 13, 628, 50284, 3987, 447, 247, 83, 1487, 18677, 13, 628, 50284, 35087, 340, 355, 340, 318, 3387, 13, 628, 50286, 2670, 13, 5850, 1345, 5700, 198, 50284, 23, 400, 1737, 3050, 11, 2310, 25, 3132, 628, 50284, 40, 17666, 765, 262, 49432, 284, 787, 2041, 8617, 284, 564, 246, 35312, 447, 247, 262, 18677, 329, 31630, 11, 355, 428, 561, 691, 900, 906, 1704, 329, 2252, 3896, 2458, 355, 262, 49432, 766, 447, 247, 82, 4197, 13, 628, 50284, 4342, 447, 247, 82, 1521, 7398, 628, 50284, 464, 49432, 3142, 262, 649, 3466, 284, 4654, 351, 5543, 645, 2370, 326, 484, 561, 307, 3049, 1576, 284, 401, 457, 14471, 13, 1318, 318, 11, 3058, 11, 645, 3173, 12316, 644, 5288, 2866, 345, 1276, 3283, 287, 1502, 284, 467, 11717, 13, 685, 265, 1551, 4844, 326, 314, 447, 247, 76, 3910, 286, 60, 628, 50284, 18521, 584, 24699, 634, 2995, 11, 287, 376, 16, 11, 1752, 534, 1074, 318, 6325, 284, 4654, 376, 16, 379, 262, 3726, 286, 262, 1622, 11, 534, 1541, 564, 246, 3866, 12, 22557, 447, 247, 284, 467, 11717, 790, 3502, 7692, 286, 534, 8761, 319, 597, 1813, 5041, 13, 383, 3466, 3588, 447, 247, 83, 18677, 287, 262, 2083, 1538, 2565, 286, 262, 6332, 784, 484, 447, 247, 260, 4017, 306, 4634, 262, 10706, 13, 628, 50284, 24951, 11, 351, 262, 3614, 4856, 11, 597, 22324, 815, 423, 264, 29569, 1141, 262, 572, 1622, 326, 612, 561, 307, 262, 2785, 329, 649, 3466, 284, 6531, 284, 1394, 8761, 11, 4361, 6666, 13611, 5006, 284, 307, 257, 34541, 590, 284, 262, 5443, 11, 4920, 3466, 13, 628, 50284, 1212, 318, 429, 11, 290, 815, 1239, 1716, 11, 30774, 810, 5006, 1011, 284, 262, 2610, 530, 379, 257, 640, 290, 788, 900, 511, 3049, 274, 1744, 14779, 287, 257, 1598, 2610, 13, 632, 447, 247, 82, 4634, 534, 14162, 14779, 739, 262, 26602, 1779, 270, 684, 379, 262, 640, 11, 1282, 6290, 11, 18340, 393, 11, 287, 428, 4554, 11, 4979, 13, 1320, 82, 262, 564, 246, 38685, 447, 247, 286, 703, 376, 16, 447, 247, 82, 18677, 318, 4001, 284, 307, 13, 628, 50284, 3152, 326, 531, 11, 314, 423, 645, 2761, 351, 262, 3466, 1642, 257, 28242, 11, 2092, 284, 511, 13584, 3958, 286, 509, 4877, 329, 3050, 11, 9472, 262, 13611, 3466, 4236, 284, 467, 503, 287, 1195, 16, 329, 262, 717, 767, 13, 20, 2431, 290, 788, 262, 5637, 3466, 1011, 284, 262, 2610, 329, 262, 2457, 767, 13, 20, 2431, 13, 628, 50284, 7003, 2092, 284, 257, 564, 246, 35312, 6246, 447, 247, 11, 379, 1551, 428, 561, 1394, 262, 49432, 422, 1642, 517, 13114, 3896, 2458, 284, 376, 16, 13, 628, 50284, 16, 13, 5850, 1345, 5700, 198, 50282, 23, 400, 1737, 3050, 11, 2310, 25, 2670, 628, 50282, 40, 4054, 284, 1181, 326, 262, 691, 1738, 314, 423, 645, 1917, 351, 262, 3466, 1642, 257, 28242, 284, 599, 2326, 510, 11, 318, 22224, 2233, 284, 3747, 13, 628, 50282, 1722, 881, 355, 314, 17666, 765, 257, 6626, 6246, 11, 314, 561, 2074, 340, 11, 691, 11, 739, 257, 4938, 290, 9157, 2328, 329, 3747, 13, 628, 50286, 1821, 13, 2329, 5967, 428, 355, 31630, 287, 1103, 1204, 351, 4979, 11, 655, 379, 11323, 16462, 13, 1355, 257, 826, 22098, 286, 257, 3234, 18548, 4043, 13, 628, 50286, 3901, 13, 28416, 407, 13, 383, 2187, 2126, 318, 257, 9707, 13, 628, 50286, 3682, 13, 46940, 1028, 262, 6626, 0, 16876, 11, 290, 314, 35160, 16876, 28265, 484, 6626, 340, 287, 262, 886, 11, 484, 815, 423, 530, 1097, 286, 1123, 1074, 287, 1123, 4894, 11, 523, 326, 484, 651, 991, 617, 6938, 286, 4979, 0, 887, 2730, 270, 306, 8005, 5390, 46341, 2043, 19604, 1847, 40, 0, 36577, 25, 2107, 318, 5802, 0, 15138, 351, 340, 0, 628, 50286, 3559, 13, 428, 318, 257, 2968, 4704, 523, 428, 743, 423, 1541, 587, 531, 11, 290, 1312, 387, 1151, 1107, 1392, 640, 284, 1100, 832, 340, 477, 826, 783, 284, 2198, 340, 5818, 447, 247, 83, 523, 7926, 611, 1312, 447, 247, 76, 20394, 2130, 1288, 8448, 966, 13, 21728, 7398, 628, 50284, 1532, 345, 6626, 262, 4140, 72, 352, 287, 2063, 11, 5629, 12, 10197, 3105, 12, 7217, 393, 4232, 11, 644, 1645, 274, 611, 262, 717, 900, 284, 467, 503, 467, 503, 319, 257, 5894, 2610, 11, 290, 262, 1218, 900, 423, 284, 466, 340, 287, 262, 6290, 30, 6363, 257, 8531, 2126, 290, 1312, 892, 663, 655, 865, 36909, 264, 13713, 2111, 284, 1283, 564, 250, 44708, 35661, 447, 251, 588, 465, 7711, 1399, 691, 288, 361, 1945, 373, 257, 2417, 1122, 264, 13713, 373, 3049, 1165, 13, 628, 50286, 2598, 13, 5437, 81, 4092, 6469, 198, 50284, 24, 400, 1737, 3050, 11, 352, 25, 3901, 628, 50284, 3919, 835, 0, 611, 484, 18548, 1064, 257, 1598, 14779, 287, 1160, 42951, 788, 29294, 294, 959, 1917, 11, 10662, 16, 318, 2138, 4096, 351, 262, 649, 5006, 1642, 510, 262, 4220, 718, 290, 352, 4920, 1074, 1097, 12047, 503, 0, 523, 340, 46701, 761, 284, 307, 3421, 13, 198, 50284, 69, 1914, 2925, 284, 905, 703, 1074, 765, 284, 1592, 517, 621, 4955, 9739, 628, 50286, 2231, 13, 1400, 835, 644, 523, 1683, 3548, 198, 50284, 1026, 1839, 447, 247, 83, 307, 376, 16, 611, 326, 4325, 13, 314, 466, 765, 284, 766, 262, 1353, 6643, 4917, 511, 835, 503, 286, 262, 4979, 329, 262, 16825, 2292, 13, 1222, 611, 484, 1908, 1105, 5006, 1863, 788, 262, 717, 15458, 481, 423, 5876, 1804, 257, 922, 14779, 355, 788, 2610, 481, 307, 4077, 13, 628, 50286, 3510, 13, 383, 10914, 14732, 198, 50284, 24, 400, 1737, 3050, 11, 807, 25, 2623, 628, 50284, 15285, 0, 8005, 0, 8005, 0, 628, 50284, 12837, 284, 262, 6643, 25, 198, 50284, 15721, 2108, 318, 257, 636, 286, 11717, 0, 628, 50286, 2857, 13, 20090, 2089, 4578, 2282, 584, 13430, 2168, 1276, 3708, 287, 262, 976, 3074, 287, 31630, 1399, 383, 1438, 4952, 2279, 1399, 663, 257, 1055, 494, 1399, 523, 612, 318, 645, 884, 1517, 355, 1097, 2866, 3580, 286, 838, 4201, 583, 14779, 287, 257, 2168, 357, 16960, 17, 11, 3503, 2014, 10185, 628, 50284, 16, 13, 1318, 743, 307, 1342, 12291, 287, 262, 2854, 286, 262, 5006, 475, 314, 892, 356, 460, 477, 4236, 376, 16, 6643, 389, 319, 262, 2187, 881, 517, 5924, 290, 1365, 10911, 284, 19271, 13, 628, 198, 50286, 2920, 13, 314, 7052, 3763, 784, 475, 6626, 523, 326, 655, 262, 718, 649, 5006, 389, 384, 30052, 422, 2506, 2073, 13, 1306, 1285, 356, 389, 1016, 284, 651, 257, 1256, 286, 7159, 11, 290, 3763, 340, 468, 1464, 587, 636, 286, 18677, 284, 4331, 4979, 11, 475, 262, 8761, 286, 262, 649, 3466, 318, 991, 18997, 290, 1312, 447, 247, 67, 307, 4684, 284, 1234, 1637, 319, 257, 1256, 385, 14, 85, 4672, 14, 39, 14181, 39842, 379, 1551, 530, 2166, 12, 20270, 4639, 447, 247, 82, 5041, 11, 543, 318, 18010, 13, 628, 50286, 1120, 13, 314, 7052, 645, 780, 314, 892, 326, 340, 561, 307, 1642, 340, 1165, 2562, 329, 262, 2166, 20270, 6643, 13, 628, 50284, 4864, 611, 262, 649, 3466, 389, 1107, 7960, 546, 1972, 287, 262, 835, 1141, 1195, 18, 788, 484, 423, 257, 2829, 4610, 11, 467, 503, 379, 262, 845, 3726, 286, 262, 6246, 290, 900, 257, 640, 788, 2652, 287, 511, 15591, 329, 262, 1334, 286, 262, 6246, 13, 628, 50286, 4349, 13, 1892, 379, 31630, 475, 1577, 340, 257, 2823, 13, 554, 31630, 340, 1838, 2565, 284, 6626, 262, 717, 6246, 523, 7288, 481, 910, 340, 373, 257, 922, 2551, 13, 887, 356, 761, 281, 9432, 2267, 523, 8781, 1949, 340, 379, 9663, 14714, 628, 50284, 16, 13, 43048, 447, 247, 83, 326, 307, 257, 1310, 2739, 1201, 262, 13052, 318, 5734, 329, 31630, 28358, 628, 50286, 4309, 13, 314, 561, 379, 1551, 9117, 1195, 16, 351, 838, 2431, 13, 11597, 815, 2652, 3148, 290, 407, 22900, 13, 628, 50286, 4310, 13, 29403, 588, 617, 286, 262, 376, 16, 1074, 17317, 389, 3555, 428, 4130, 355, 880, 13, 628, 50284, 27991, 1008, 10947, 530, 286, 262, 1074, 1866, 2282, 428, 25, 198, 50284, 447, 250, 40, 892, 262, 749, 18916, 4843, 318, 1195, 16, 11, 340, 318, 655, 257, 2300, 286, 2111, 284, 651, 257, 14779, 326, 318, 17338, 1598, 284, 1281, 257, 640, 832, 1195, 16, 13, 43141, 12716, 4750, 19941, 326, 790, 939, 18985, 612, 481, 307, 257, 1097, 611, 2506, 4539, 290, 612, 318, 6189, 257, 1263, 3580, 287, 8761, 1022, 262, 5006, 13, 447, 251, 628, 50284, 1212, 5238, 816, 283, 365, 36874, 588, 530, 286, 262, 7159, 1312, 1100, 994, 546, 262, 16169, 286, 4979, 287, 14926, 82, 2708, 546, 517, 4979, 257, 3155, 286, 2745, 2084, 0, 628, 198, 50286, 4051, 13, 7731, 612, 973, 284, 307, 257, 640, 618, 262, 49432, 561, 2251, 3173, 329, 19639, 1881, 290, 2666, 606, 307, 329, 257, 3155, 286, 812, 30, 2735, 11, 484, 447, 247, 260, 7558, 5609, 2279, 13, 632, 561, 307, 3621, 284, 1309, 262, 3466, 290, 6643, 6068, 284, 262, 3234, 3403, 355, 262, 995, 447, 247, 82, 1266, 6643, 815, 307, 1498, 284, 0, 628, 50286, 2816, 13, 314, 373, 3612, 546, 428, 757, 7415, 290, 611, 484, 367, 2885, 284, 6626, 340, 11, 484, 714, 423, 362, 1195, 16, 37876, 351, 262, 3105, 395, 604, 287, 1123, 4894, 12047, 503, 11, 788, 5137, 262, 13644, 656, 1195, 17, 1222, 1195, 18, 355, 3487, 13, 5930, 530, 1097, 422, 1123, 1074, 656, 1123, 4894, 13, 628, 50284, 1212, 561, 4781, 597, 2428, 546, 262, 6193, 11, 262, 2610, 852, 517, 6437, 9451, 287, 329, 262, 362, 358, 1448, 11, 3503, 13, 628, 198, 35087, 257, 14883, 628, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
5,909
Moyamoya disease is a rare progressive cerebrovascular disease characterized by bilateral stenosis of vasculature of the Circle of Willis, specifically the distal internal carotid arteries, that leads to extensive collateral circulation. These dilated collateral vessels are described as having a hazy “puff of smoke” appearance on angiography. “Moyamoya” is the Japanese word for this characteristic appearance. The disease was originally described in Japan in 1957 1 and introduced to the English literature in 1969.2 The disease is most known for its distribution in Asian populations, but recently there has been more research and attention given to moyamoya in Europe and North American Moyamoya disease presents clinically due to the ischemic and hemorrhagic complications of abnormal cerebral vascularity.3,4 Moyamoya disease was originally described in Japanese populations but is present in a variety of ethnicities.3,5,6 In Japan, the incidence per 100,000 patient years is between 0.35 to 0.943 with a male: female ratio of 1:1.87. In the US, incidence ranged from 0.05 to 0.17 per 100,000 patient years with a similar gender distribution.3,6 Other population studies have not been as robust but European studies show moyamoya statistics that are more similar to American findings than those of Asian moyamoya findings.4 There is a bimodal distribution of incidence: in early childhood and adulthood, but the doublepeaked incidence is less dramatic in the US and Europe.4,8 Children typically present with the ischemic symptoms and adults can present with either ischemic or hemorrhagic type, with the ischemic type predominating.5,9 Overall, the hemorrhagic type is more common in Asia than the U.S.9 The incidence has been increasing with time, which may be due to increased awareness.5
[ 44, 726, 321, 23790, 4369, 318, 257, 4071, 10393, 6736, 7957, 85, 14767, 4369, 16264, 416, 24537, 45219, 5958, 286, 34439, 3129, 1300, 286, 262, 16291, 286, 32748, 11, 5734, 262, 1233, 282, 5387, 1097, 313, 312, 45894, 11, 326, 5983, 284, 7667, 27907, 19133, 13, 2312, 11844, 515, 27907, 14891, 389, 3417, 355, 1719, 257, 387, 7357, 564, 250, 49357, 286, 7523, 447, 251, 5585, 319, 3550, 72, 4867, 13, 564, 250, 44, 726, 321, 23790, 447, 251, 318, 262, 4960, 1573, 329, 428, 16704, 5585, 13, 383, 4369, 373, 6198, 3417, 287, 2869, 287, 25177, 352, 290, 5495, 284, 262, 3594, 9285, 287, 16450, 13, 17, 383, 4369, 318, 749, 1900, 329, 663, 6082, 287, 7740, 9684, 11, 475, 2904, 612, 468, 587, 517, 2267, 290, 3241, 1813, 284, 285, 726, 321, 23790, 287, 2031, 290, 2258, 1605, 28523, 321, 23790, 4369, 10969, 36688, 2233, 284, 262, 318, 2395, 9383, 290, 42203, 9083, 19481, 286, 18801, 31169, 39495, 414, 13, 18, 11, 19, 628, 198, 44, 726, 321, 23790, 4369, 373, 6198, 3417, 287, 4960, 9684, 475, 318, 1944, 287, 257, 4996, 286, 9450, 871, 13, 18, 11, 20, 11, 21, 554, 2869, 11, 262, 18349, 583, 1802, 11, 830, 5827, 812, 318, 1022, 657, 13, 2327, 284, 657, 13, 24, 3559, 351, 257, 4257, 25, 4048, 8064, 286, 352, 25, 16, 13, 5774, 13, 554, 262, 1294, 11, 18349, 17929, 422, 657, 13, 2713, 284, 657, 13, 1558, 583, 1802, 11, 830, 5827, 812, 351, 257, 2092, 5279, 6082, 13, 18, 11, 21, 3819, 3265, 3640, 423, 407, 587, 355, 12373, 475, 3427, 3640, 905, 285, 726, 321, 23790, 7869, 326, 389, 517, 2092, 284, 1605, 6373, 621, 883, 286, 7740, 285, 726, 321, 23790, 6373, 13, 19, 1318, 318, 257, 275, 320, 375, 282, 6082, 286, 18349, 25, 287, 1903, 9963, 290, 28003, 11, 475, 262, 4274, 431, 4335, 18349, 318, 1342, 10092, 287, 262, 1294, 290, 2031, 13, 19, 11, 23, 8990, 6032, 1944, 351, 262, 318, 2395, 9383, 7460, 290, 6490, 460, 1944, 351, 2035, 318, 2395, 9383, 393, 42203, 9083, 2099, 11, 351, 262, 318, 2395, 9383, 2099, 2747, 296, 6010, 13, 20, 11, 24, 14674, 11, 262, 42203, 9083, 2099, 318, 517, 2219, 287, 7229, 621, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 24, 383, 18349, 468, 587, 3649, 351, 640, 11, 543, 743, 307, 2233, 284, 3220, 9359, 13, 20, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
398
Fredda Vladeck: Better Partnerships for Better Health Release Date: 02.10.2016 Common goals. Trust. Mutual commitment. Those are a few of the terms that immediately come to mind when we think about collaborative relationships. When it comes to partnerships between hospitals and other providers and community-based organizations, though, the reality is too often something different: a lack of clear communication, unequal roles, and one-sided leadership. That’s a significant catch when the new building blocks of health care reform—patient-centered medical homes, value-based payment, and more—increasingly recognize the importance of “social determinants of health,” and look to community-based organizations to help address those factors, while also helping patients understand their health conditions and better manage them. With some 16 years of experience at the intersection of health care and aging services, UHF sees the promise that such partnerships hold for advancing the health of all age groups and special populations. And we’ve learned quite a lot about what’s needed to deliver on that promise. First, it’s important to understand how the two sectors differ. Not surprisingly, health care providers are typically far larger, more complex organizations, with multiple sources of income. Community-based organizations, or CBOs, tend to have flat management structures, thin operating margins largely based on government contracts, and limited resources and capacities, especially related to technology. Health care is highly regulated in terms of professional standards, whereas rules governing CBOs tend to focus on operations—delivering meals or other services, for example. Most important, health care providers are increasingly responsible for outcomes—improved health of not only individuals but also populations—while CBOs have generally been expected to report units of service provided, not necessarily impact. While health care is inexorably moving toward a focus on population health and outcomes, community-based organizations are still largely responding to individual seniors’ crises but not anticipating and addressing the risks, strengths, and needs of the larger client population, now and down the road. Those differences contribute to a lack of understanding between the sectors about how the other functions, and explain, in part, why they’re only starting to recognize that they don’t speak the same language, even when using the same words. So how do health care’s and CBOs’ distinct capabilities and ways of functioning affect their work together? Although there are many ways for organizations to interact with each other, true partnership requires shared purpose; alignment of goals that fit each organization’s mission and capabilities; shared responsibility for success; and accountability to one another. If these four elements aren’t there, then what exists is not a partnership but something else: perhaps a contractual relationship built on a CBO’s provision of a specific service, like meals or transportation, or a collaboration in which resources or services are shared or co-located, and populations served may or may not overlap, or part of a coalition, a broad multi-organizational effort to change something in a community. All of these are important—but they’re not “partnerships” per se. This isn’t just semantics. As New York moves ahead with the Delivery System Reform Incentive Payment program, for example, more than 300 community organizations have signed on as “partners” in the Performing Provider Systems that are facilitating collaborative projects to improve care and population health. Will those CBOs have a voice in shaping the work of those projects, which aim to be models for widespread health care transformation? In the coming year, UHF’s new Health Indicators–Performance Improvement project will build on our earlier efforts to help CBOs do just that. We’re making data collection and implementation more flexible for them so they can develop interventions to match their capacities and produce measurable results. We’re confident that we’ll be making a real difference—in much the way that our Together on Diabetes–NYC project elicited documented improvements in seniors’ abilities to manage their disease. That’s one step on what may be a long path; we will keep scanning the landscape to identify other opportunities for bridging the health care/community partnership gap, and bringing them to fruition.
[ 30847, 6814, 569, 75, 671, 694, 25, 11625, 14205, 5748, 329, 11625, 3893, 198, 198, 26362, 7536, 25, 7816, 13, 940, 13, 5304, 198, 198, 17227, 4661, 13, 9870, 13, 48807, 7901, 13, 5845, 389, 257, 1178, 286, 262, 2846, 326, 3393, 1282, 284, 2000, 618, 356, 892, 546, 25408, 6958, 13, 1649, 340, 2058, 284, 22867, 1022, 11301, 290, 584, 9549, 290, 2055, 12, 3106, 5745, 11, 996, 11, 262, 3950, 318, 1165, 1690, 1223, 1180, 25, 257, 3092, 286, 1598, 6946, 11, 37334, 9176, 11, 290, 530, 12, 22339, 5531, 13, 198, 198, 2504, 447, 247, 82, 257, 2383, 4929, 618, 262, 649, 2615, 7021, 286, 1535, 1337, 4975, 960, 26029, 12, 38050, 3315, 5682, 11, 1988, 12, 3106, 6074, 11, 290, 517, 960, 42647, 306, 7564, 262, 6817, 286, 564, 250, 14557, 3416, 1187, 286, 1535, 11, 447, 251, 290, 804, 284, 2055, 12, 3106, 5745, 284, 1037, 2209, 883, 5087, 11, 981, 635, 5742, 3871, 1833, 511, 1535, 3403, 290, 1365, 6687, 606, 13, 198, 198, 3152, 617, 1467, 812, 286, 1998, 379, 262, 16246, 286, 1535, 1337, 290, 14736, 2594, 11, 471, 29567, 7224, 262, 6991, 326, 884, 22867, 1745, 329, 19988, 262, 1535, 286, 477, 2479, 2628, 290, 2041, 9684, 13, 843, 356, 447, 247, 303, 4499, 2407, 257, 1256, 546, 644, 447, 247, 82, 2622, 284, 5203, 319, 326, 6991, 13, 198, 198, 5962, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 1593, 284, 1833, 703, 262, 734, 16020, 13238, 13, 1892, 12362, 11, 1535, 1337, 9549, 389, 6032, 1290, 4025, 11, 517, 3716, 5745, 11, 351, 3294, 4237, 286, 3739, 13, 8108, 12, 3106, 5745, 11, 393, 38260, 82, 11, 4327, 284, 423, 6228, 4542, 8573, 11, 7888, 5361, 20241, 5688, 1912, 319, 1230, 8592, 11, 290, 3614, 4133, 290, 32484, 11, 2592, 3519, 284, 3037, 13, 3893, 1337, 318, 4047, 17153, 287, 2846, 286, 4708, 5423, 11, 9472, 3173, 15030, 38260, 82, 4327, 284, 2962, 319, 4560, 960, 12381, 35598, 13840, 393, 584, 2594, 11, 329, 1672, 13, 4042, 1593, 11, 1535, 1337, 9549, 389, 6481, 4497, 329, 10906, 960, 32077, 1079, 1535, 286, 407, 691, 3925, 475, 635, 9684, 960, 4514, 38260, 82, 423, 4143, 587, 2938, 284, 989, 4991, 286, 2139, 2810, 11, 407, 6646, 2928, 13, 198, 198, 3633, 1535, 1337, 318, 16087, 273, 1346, 3867, 3812, 257, 2962, 319, 3265, 1535, 290, 10906, 11, 2055, 12, 3106, 5745, 389, 991, 5688, 14409, 284, 1981, 23481, 447, 247, 25712, 475, 407, 40807, 290, 13593, 262, 7476, 11, 18929, 11, 290, 2476, 286, 262, 4025, 5456, 3265, 11, 783, 290, 866, 262, 2975, 13, 198, 198, 9627, 5400, 8676, 284, 257, 3092, 286, 4547, 1022, 262, 16020, 546, 703, 262, 584, 5499, 11, 290, 4727, 11, 287, 636, 11, 1521, 484, 447, 247, 260, 691, 3599, 284, 7564, 326, 484, 836, 447, 247, 83, 2740, 262, 976, 3303, 11, 772, 618, 1262, 262, 976, 2456, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 703, 466, 1535, 1337, 447, 247, 82, 290, 38260, 82, 447, 247, 7310, 9889, 290, 2842, 286, 15025, 2689, 511, 670, 1978, 30, 198, 198, 7003, 612, 389, 867, 2842, 329, 5745, 284, 9427, 351, 1123, 584, 11, 2081, 10413, 4433, 4888, 4007, 26, 19114, 286, 4661, 326, 4197, 1123, 4009, 447, 247, 82, 4365, 290, 9889, 26, 4888, 5798, 329, 1943, 26, 290, 18241, 284, 530, 1194, 13, 1002, 777, 1440, 4847, 3588, 447, 247, 83, 612, 11, 788, 644, 7160, 318, 407, 257, 10413, 475, 1223, 2073, 25, 3737, 257, 38026, 2776, 3170, 319, 257, 38260, 447, 247, 82, 8287, 286, 257, 2176, 2139, 11, 588, 13840, 393, 9358, 11, 393, 257, 12438, 287, 543, 4133, 393, 2594, 389, 4888, 393, 763, 12, 75, 10533, 11, 290, 9684, 4983, 743, 393, 743, 407, 21721, 11, 393, 636, 286, 257, 9906, 11, 257, 3154, 5021, 12, 9971, 22684, 3626, 284, 1487, 1223, 287, 257, 2055, 13, 1439, 286, 777, 389, 1593, 960, 4360, 484, 447, 247, 260, 407, 564, 250, 3911, 2741, 5748, 447, 251, 583, 384, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 2125, 447, 247, 83, 655, 33815, 13, 1081, 968, 1971, 6100, 4058, 351, 262, 28682, 4482, 17893, 554, 1087, 425, 28784, 1430, 11, 329, 1672, 11, 517, 621, 5867, 2055, 5745, 423, 4488, 319, 355, 564, 250, 3911, 2741, 447, 251, 287, 262, 2448, 15464, 32549, 11998, 326, 389, 36045, 25408, 4493, 284, 2987, 1337, 290, 3265, 1535, 13, 2561, 883, 38260, 82, 423, 257, 3809, 287, 23610, 262, 670, 286, 883, 4493, 11, 543, 4031, 284, 307, 4981, 329, 10095, 1535, 1337, 13389, 30, 628, 198, 818, 262, 2406, 614, 11, 471, 29567, 447, 247, 82, 649, 3893, 1423, 44549, 1906, 32273, 33764, 1628, 481, 1382, 319, 674, 2961, 4040, 284, 1037, 38260, 82, 466, 655, 326, 13, 775, 447, 247, 260, 1642, 1366, 4947, 290, 7822, 517, 12846, 329, 606, 523, 484, 460, 1205, 19901, 284, 2872, 511, 32484, 290, 4439, 40757, 2482, 13, 198, 198, 1135, 447, 247, 260, 6563, 326, 356, 447, 247, 297, 307, 1642, 257, 1103, 3580, 960, 259, 881, 262, 835, 326, 674, 17083, 319, 39569, 1906, 12805, 34, 1628, 25487, 863, 12395, 8561, 287, 23481, 447, 247, 7883, 284, 6687, 511, 4369, 13, 1320, 447, 247, 82, 530, 2239, 319, 644, 743, 307, 257, 890, 3108, 26, 356, 481, 1394, 21976, 262, 10747, 284, 5911, 584, 6443, 329, 38265, 2667, 262, 1535, 1337, 14, 28158, 10413, 7625, 11, 290, 6079, 606, 284, 41675, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
902
The Alamo Drafthouse in Austin, Texas is something of a Mecca for movie geeks. In addition to first-run theatrical fare, the Drafthouse regularly showcases cult, foreign, and classic films. For the last four years, Alamo programmer Zack Carlson has hosted a late-night horror movie celebration called Terror Tuesday (it used to be on Thursdays) and if you are a lover of horror, both esoterically brilliantly and obscurely awful, this night was invented just for you. This week's film: Crawlspace. The Film The premise here is that Klaus Kinski, possibly the scariest actor to ever tread this plane of existence, is the landlord of an apartment building in the city. His tenants are all, conspicuously, young, attractive women. By all appearances, this is an average, dull domicile; but that's only because the girls can't see the evil that lurks in the walls. Apparently Dr. Gunther, Kinski, is a bit of a bastard. He's the son of a prominent S.S. officer executed for his crimes against humanity. While hiding in Argentina after WWII, he completed his medical education and began working at the national hospital in Buenos Aires. And by working there, I mean he was experimenting with euthanasia and developed a taste for homicide. Now, back in the states, he's constructed a series of tunnels in the ventilation system to spy on his young tenants and psychologically torture them. Will they be added to his collection of victims? Can they survive his onslaught of terror? Seriously, what is up with that guy's face? I enjoyed Crawlspace quite a bit; a bizarre little gem. I had never heard of the film so I got to go into Terror Tuesday harboring my preferred amount of foreknowledge: none. I was excited when I found out that director David Schmoeller had also directed Tourist Trap; a modest, but effective backwoods horror flick from 1979. I was a big fan of Tourist Trap and was anxious to see a Schmoeller film from my favorite decade of all time: the 80's. With Crawlspace, for which he also wrote the screenplay, he strives for atmosphere above all else. There are an abundance of shots featuring Klaus simply watching his tenants with wide-eyed creepiness or quietly, happily constructing strange implements of death. The whole film plays on that most basic of our fears that we are being watched and takes it to another level entirely. I for one would sleep soundly with a blood beast living under my bed if the alternative was Klaus Kinski crawling around in my walls. We cannot possibly talk about any film starring Klaus Kinski without talking about what a loony tune he was. Zack actually showed a short documentary from Crawlspace director, Schmoeller, about how horrible it was to work with Kinski and endure his egomaniacal behavior. The name of the documentary? Please Kill Mr. Kinski. Apparently Kinski had a pathological hatred for any and all directors. This may stem from one bad experience he could have had during his career or possibly because he had a God complex; once proclaiming himself to be the new Christ. He would show up late, refuse to take direction and, upon hearing that the director intended to fire him, feigned nervous breakdowns on set to intentionally sabotage the film. It sounds superfluous but knowing just how insane he was gave me an insight into his performance in Crawlspace. Klaus does a great job selling us on the sinister nature of this man. Clearly, Dr. Gunther is not someone we would want to meet alone in a dark alley or even alone in the halls of our apartment building as the case may be. He is intensely spooky and the scene where he puts on the Nazi officer's hat and watches film of Hitler speeches is supremely unsettling. I know it's fashionable to paint Nazis as the villains because, well because they're freaking evil, but something about the idea of ex-Nazis or neo Nazis on screen always makes my hair stand on end. But I wonder how much of the effectiveness of Kinski's performance can be attributed to his acting prowess, and how much is due to his unfortunate features. The guy resembles a punch-drunk chipmunk and his eyes were doing that far-off crazy stare in both the film and the documentary footage of him offset so I am not sure that was an actor choice as much as a God-given gift. Regardless, the guy is creepy as they come and I really wish he had done more films like this before Satan called him home. The only real problem I had with Crawlspace is with the pacing. This movie has a structure that perplexes me so greatly as to make me wonder if there weren't significant portions of the film that had to be edited to finish the film on time. In the documentary, Please Kill Mr. Kinski, Schmoeller talked about how the film was three days behind after only two days of shooting thanks to Klaus' childish tantrums so it is not outside the realm of possibility. The film opens with a bang offering so little in the way of exposition that I questioned whether the reels were in the right order. We are thrust into the apex of a story that abruptly ends and serves as a foreshadow for the rest of the film. What follows is an hour of methodical character construction and suspense-crafting that is truly unique, if a bit slow. Then suddenly, as if growing weary with his own script, Schmoeller leapfrogs over the remaining plot points that would bridge the story arc and launches into the climactic chase. It's fascinating how quickly this plot escalates. Sure, Kinski had been spending the entire film torturing people, but up to that point it had been mostly relegated to the ancillary characters. With the lead girl, who is distinguishable as such less from the standpoint of the story and more because the camera points toward her more often, he slowly builds a relationship and employs more subtle tactics. But then without provocation, he launches a full scale assault on her that takes us right to the end credits. As calculating as the rest of the plot was, I was shocked at how suddenly it shifted to the finale. Normally we would have seen a collapse of their relationship that would have sent him over the edge or her invading his privacy to make a horrifying discovery before he unleashed hell on her. But no, it's as if Kinski's character just gets tired of waiting around and cleans house all at once. Very strange, but not entirely detrimental to the film. And there is a smattering of silliness in Crawlspace. The early scenes of one of the girls having sex with her boyfriend may overuse certain ejaculatory lingo in a brief span of time, but who am I to judge? There is also the point in the chase through the air ducts wherein Klaus unveils his secret weapon. It's more or less a motorized piece of plywood that jet-propels him through the shaft. Hilarious! But these are balanced out nicely by the heavier moments; Dr. Gunther playing Russian roulette every morning as his way of letting fate take the blame for his killings for example. The Reaction This was a fascinating evening. First of all, the scourge of Mardi Gras meant that another event was scheduled in our usual theater. So we were forced into the much smaller second theater on the opposite side. I cannot tell you how appropriate it felt to be watching a movie about a psychopath in a crawlspace whilst seated in the most claustrophobic theater Austin has to offer. It definitely intensified the eerie factor as we watched the tight-quarters horror on screen and struggled to maintain our own sense of personal space. But more than that, the experience sort of heightened the communal aspect of a bunch of horror geeks coming together in their appreciation for film. I don't want to bombard you with sappy cliches but it made it feel more familial; disturbingly so, but still.
[ 464, 978, 18811, 12458, 69, 23931, 287, 9533, 11, 3936, 318, 1223, 286, 257, 35247, 329, 3807, 308, 32201, 13, 554, 3090, 284, 717, 12, 5143, 32010, 14505, 11, 262, 12458, 69, 23931, 7987, 45064, 2285, 11, 3215, 11, 290, 6833, 7328, 13, 1114, 262, 938, 1440, 812, 11, 978, 18811, 24292, 30718, 33059, 468, 12007, 257, 2739, 12, 3847, 9961, 3807, 14395, 1444, 14915, 3431, 357, 270, 973, 284, 307, 319, 48971, 12545, 8, 290, 611, 345, 389, 257, 18854, 286, 9961, 11, 1111, 1658, 19543, 1146, 37928, 290, 18611, 306, 12659, 11, 428, 1755, 373, 15646, 655, 329, 345, 13, 628, 198, 1212, 1285, 338, 2646, 25, 327, 13132, 13200, 13, 198, 198, 171, 119, 123, 464, 13741, 198, 198, 464, 18659, 994, 318, 326, 49739, 509, 21141, 11, 5457, 262, 629, 2743, 395, 8674, 284, 1683, 23153, 428, 6614, 286, 6224, 11, 318, 262, 17335, 286, 281, 7962, 2615, 287, 262, 1748, 13, 2399, 21445, 389, 477, 11, 30034, 24987, 11, 1862, 11, 10966, 1466, 13, 2750, 477, 11057, 11, 428, 318, 281, 2811, 11, 19222, 2401, 291, 576, 26, 475, 326, 338, 691, 780, 262, 4813, 460, 470, 766, 262, 6181, 326, 20605, 591, 287, 262, 7714, 13, 18626, 1583, 13, 6748, 490, 11, 509, 21141, 11, 318, 257, 1643, 286, 257, 31030, 13, 679, 338, 262, 3367, 286, 257, 9208, 311, 13, 50, 13, 3818, 10945, 329, 465, 6741, 1028, 9265, 13, 2893, 11816, 287, 16519, 706, 27256, 11, 339, 5668, 465, 3315, 3707, 290, 2540, 1762, 379, 262, 2260, 4436, 287, 46210, 44692, 13, 843, 416, 1762, 612, 11, 314, 1612, 339, 373, 27826, 351, 35008, 45551, 290, 4166, 257, 6938, 329, 19625, 13, 2735, 11, 736, 287, 262, 2585, 11, 339, 338, 12006, 257, 2168, 286, 22642, 287, 262, 34834, 1080, 284, 13997, 319, 465, 1862, 21445, 290, 39705, 11543, 606, 13, 2561, 484, 307, 2087, 284, 465, 4947, 286, 4970, 30, 1680, 484, 7866, 465, 36847, 286, 3246, 30, 27777, 11, 644, 318, 510, 351, 326, 3516, 338, 1986, 30, 198, 198, 40, 8359, 327, 13132, 13200, 2407, 257, 1643, 26, 257, 13699, 1310, 16840, 13, 314, 550, 1239, 2982, 286, 262, 2646, 523, 314, 1392, 284, 467, 656, 14915, 3431, 25451, 278, 616, 9871, 2033, 286, 1674, 45066, 25, 4844, 13, 314, 373, 6568, 618, 314, 1043, 503, 326, 3437, 3271, 3059, 5908, 12368, 550, 635, 7924, 9852, 396, 21914, 26, 257, 12949, 11, 475, 4050, 736, 39493, 9961, 26810, 422, 13521, 13, 314, 373, 257, 1263, 4336, 286, 9852, 396, 21914, 290, 373, 18116, 284, 766, 257, 3059, 5908, 12368, 2646, 422, 616, 4004, 5707, 286, 477, 640, 25, 262, 4019, 338, 13, 2080, 327, 13132, 13200, 11, 329, 543, 339, 635, 2630, 262, 39769, 11, 339, 37873, 329, 8137, 2029, 477, 2073, 13, 1318, 389, 281, 20038, 286, 6934, 9593, 49739, 2391, 4964, 465, 21445, 351, 3094, 12, 18834, 13972, 1272, 393, 12703, 11, 18177, 30580, 6283, 23986, 286, 1918, 13, 383, 2187, 2646, 5341, 319, 326, 749, 4096, 286, 674, 10251, 326, 356, 389, 852, 7342, 290, 2753, 340, 284, 1194, 1241, 5000, 13, 314, 329, 530, 561, 3993, 2128, 306, 351, 257, 2910, 13824, 2877, 739, 616, 3996, 611, 262, 5559, 373, 49739, 509, 21141, 34499, 1088, 287, 616, 7714, 13, 198, 198, 1135, 2314, 5457, 1561, 546, 597, 2646, 20495, 49739, 509, 21141, 1231, 3375, 546, 644, 257, 2376, 1647, 14009, 339, 373, 13, 30718, 1682, 3751, 257, 1790, 11648, 422, 327, 13132, 13200, 3437, 11, 3059, 5908, 12368, 11, 546, 703, 12361, 340, 373, 284, 670, 351, 509, 21141, 290, 21178, 465, 304, 19120, 3216, 330, 282, 4069, 13, 383, 1438, 286, 262, 11648, 30, 4222, 12265, 1770, 13, 509, 21141, 13, 18626, 509, 21141, 550, 257, 42306, 13763, 329, 597, 290, 477, 13445, 13, 770, 743, 10717, 422, 530, 2089, 1998, 339, 714, 423, 550, 1141, 465, 3451, 393, 5457, 780, 339, 550, 257, 1793, 3716, 26, 1752, 46431, 2241, 284, 307, 262, 649, 1951, 13, 679, 561, 905, 510, 2739, 11, 11148, 284, 1011, 4571, 290, 11, 2402, 4854, 326, 262, 3437, 5292, 284, 2046, 683, 11, 730, 3916, 10927, 14608, 82, 319, 900, 284, 16464, 31983, 262, 2646, 13, 632, 5238, 48713, 516, 475, 6970, 655, 703, 13251, 339, 373, 2921, 502, 281, 11281, 656, 465, 2854, 287, 327, 13132, 13200, 13, 198, 198, 42, 38024, 857, 257, 1049, 1693, 6301, 514, 319, 262, 26592, 3450, 286, 428, 582, 13, 23730, 11, 1583, 13, 6748, 490, 318, 407, 2130, 356, 561, 765, 284, 1826, 3436, 287, 257, 3223, 23978, 393, 772, 3436, 287, 262, 24350, 286, 674, 7962, 2615, 355, 262, 1339, 743, 307, 13, 679, 318, 31146, 599, 29655, 290, 262, 3715, 810, 339, 7584, 319, 262, 12267, 3818, 338, 6877, 290, 16860, 2646, 286, 11908, 18138, 318, 17700, 306, 38192, 13, 314, 760, 340, 338, 38378, 284, 7521, 19147, 355, 262, 25239, 780, 11, 880, 780, 484, 821, 35607, 6181, 11, 475, 1223, 546, 262, 2126, 286, 409, 12, 44527, 393, 19102, 19147, 319, 3159, 1464, 1838, 616, 4190, 1302, 319, 886, 13, 887, 314, 4240, 703, 881, 286, 262, 13530, 286, 509, 21141, 338, 2854, 460, 307, 14183, 284, 465, 7205, 30721, 11, 290, 703, 881, 318, 2233, 284, 465, 14855, 3033, 13, 383, 3516, 22960, 257, 10862, 12, 7109, 2954, 11594, 76, 2954, 290, 465, 2951, 547, 1804, 326, 1290, 12, 2364, 7165, 24170, 287, 1111, 262, 2646, 290, 262, 11648, 9640, 286, 683, 11677, 523, 314, 716, 407, 1654, 326, 373, 281, 8674, 3572, 355, 881, 355, 257, 1793, 12, 35569, 6979, 13, 22250, 11, 262, 3516, 318, 23387, 355, 484, 1282, 290, 314, 1107, 4601, 339, 550, 1760, 517, 7328, 588, 428, 878, 14918, 1444, 683, 1363, 13, 198, 198, 464, 691, 1103, 1917, 314, 550, 351, 327, 13132, 13200, 318, 351, 262, 37572, 13, 770, 3807, 468, 257, 4645, 326, 35682, 274, 502, 523, 9257, 355, 284, 787, 502, 4240, 611, 612, 6304, 470, 2383, 16690, 286, 262, 2646, 326, 550, 284, 307, 13012, 284, 5461, 262, 2646, 319, 640, 13, 554, 262, 11648, 11, 4222, 12265, 1770, 13, 509, 21141, 11, 3059, 5908, 12368, 6619, 546, 703, 262, 2646, 373, 1115, 1528, 2157, 706, 691, 734, 1528, 286, 4395, 5176, 284, 49739, 6, 39765, 24246, 45241, 523, 340, 318, 407, 2354, 262, 13360, 286, 5885, 13, 383, 2646, 9808, 351, 257, 20188, 6011, 523, 1310, 287, 262, 835, 286, 45357, 326, 314, 11434, 1771, 262, 302, 1424, 547, 287, 262, 826, 1502, 13, 775, 389, 14613, 656, 262, 40167, 286, 257, 1621, 326, 25891, 5645, 290, 9179, 355, 257, 1674, 19106, 329, 262, 1334, 286, 262, 2646, 13, 1867, 5679, 318, 281, 1711, 286, 2446, 605, 2095, 5103, 290, 43527, 12, 3323, 278, 326, 318, 4988, 3748, 11, 611, 257, 1643, 3105, 13, 3244, 6451, 11, 355, 611, 3957, 34730, 351, 465, 898, 4226, 11, 3059, 5908, 12368, 16470, 49956, 82, 625, 262, 5637, 7110, 2173, 326, 561, 7696, 262, 1621, 10389, 290, 18617, 656, 262, 5424, 12009, 15505, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 338, 13899, 703, 2952, 428, 7110, 12221, 689, 13, 10889, 11, 509, 21141, 550, 587, 4581, 262, 2104, 2646, 7619, 870, 661, 11, 475, 510, 284, 326, 966, 340, 550, 587, 4632, 36391, 284, 262, 281, 66, 15856, 3435, 13, 2080, 262, 1085, 2576, 11, 508, 318, 15714, 540, 355, 884, 1342, 422, 262, 22116, 286, 262, 1621, 290, 517, 780, 262, 4676, 2173, 3812, 607, 517, 1690, 11, 339, 6364, 12188, 257, 2776, 290, 24803, 517, 11800, 10815, 13, 887, 788, 1231, 41209, 11, 339, 18617, 257, 1336, 5046, 4641, 319, 607, 326, 2753, 514, 826, 284, 262, 886, 10824, 13, 1081, 26019, 355, 262, 1334, 286, 262, 7110, 373, 11, 314, 373, 11472, 379, 703, 6451, 340, 14869, 284, 262, 19523, 13, 29282, 356, 561, 423, 1775, 257, 9807, 286, 511, 2776, 326, 561, 423, 1908, 683, 625, 262, 5743, 393, 607, 33827, 465, 6782, 284, 787, 257, 31906, 9412, 878, 339, 28136, 5968, 319, 607, 13, 887, 645, 11, 340, 338, 355, 611, 509, 21141, 338, 2095, 655, 3011, 10032, 286, 4953, 1088, 290, 20658, 2156, 477, 379, 1752, 13, 9576, 6283, 11, 475, 407, 5000, 29417, 284, 262, 2646, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 612, 318, 257, 895, 16475, 286, 49276, 1272, 287, 327, 13132, 13200, 13, 383, 1903, 8188, 286, 530, 286, 262, 4813, 1719, 1714, 351, 607, 13850, 743, 625, 1904, 1728, 39426, 21386, 18459, 78, 287, 257, 4506, 11506, 286, 640, 11, 475, 508, 716, 314, 284, 5052, 30, 1318, 318, 635, 262, 966, 287, 262, 15505, 832, 262, 1633, 28494, 82, 22881, 49739, 13581, 4487, 465, 3200, 4282, 13, 632, 338, 517, 393, 1342, 257, 5584, 1143, 3704, 286, 35960, 3822, 326, 12644, 12, 22930, 1424, 683, 832, 262, 18619, 13, 367, 1794, 699, 0, 887, 777, 389, 12974, 503, 16576, 416, 262, 20140, 7188, 26, 1583, 13, 6748, 490, 2712, 3394, 13805, 21348, 790, 3329, 355, 465, 835, 286, 9616, 10030, 1011, 262, 8138, 329, 465, 17709, 329, 1672, 13, 198, 198, 464, 39912, 198, 198, 1212, 373, 257, 13899, 6180, 13, 3274, 286, 477, 11, 262, 50185, 286, 337, 22490, 1902, 292, 4001, 326, 1194, 1785, 373, 7530, 287, 674, 6678, 13766, 13, 1406, 356, 547, 4137, 656, 262, 881, 4833, 1218, 13766, 319, 262, 6697, 1735, 13, 314, 2314, 1560, 345, 703, 5035, 340, 2936, 284, 307, 4964, 257, 3807, 546, 257, 29670, 287, 257, 27318, 13200, 14590, 21639, 287, 262, 749, 26435, 436, 10051, 20803, 13766, 9533, 468, 284, 2897, 13, 632, 4753, 32413, 262, 41128, 5766, 355, 356, 7342, 262, 5381, 12, 8230, 9961, 319, 3159, 290, 11615, 284, 5529, 674, 898, 2565, 286, 2614, 2272, 13, 887, 517, 621, 326, 11, 262, 1998, 3297, 286, 25556, 262, 26757, 4843, 286, 257, 7684, 286, 9961, 308, 32201, 2406, 1978, 287, 511, 19163, 329, 2646, 13, 314, 836, 470, 765, 284, 35285, 345, 351, 473, 14097, 537, 291, 956, 475, 340, 925, 340, 1254, 517, 48376, 26, 17037, 4420, 523, 11, 475, 991, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,665
Arnold Kling   Global Warming Oil Hoarding... The Promise: See You Op... The Competitive Enterprise Institute used a recent Time Magazine cover story as a stimulus to give the non-alarmist view on global warming. Obviously, CEI has a particular viewpoint, but there are a lot of facts presented, so it seems to be a useful reference. Here is a snippet: However, Time ignores another paper in Science by Ola Johannessen of the Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center in Bergen, Norway, who found that ice is accumulating on Greenland’s interior glaciers. The two studies combined argue against alarm. As University of Virginia climatologist Patrick Michaels explains, if Rignot and Kanargatnam had subtracted Johannessen’s reported gains from their reported losses, “the total volume of ice loss from Greenland would only have become positive during the last 5 years, totaling 17km3 in 2000 and 92km3 in 2005. This translates to a sea level rise contribution of 0.04mm in 2000 and 0.23mm in 2005—values much less dramatic than those they published.” Indeed, at the 2005 rate, Greenland ice melt will contribute less than one inch to sea level rise during the 21st century. Comments and Sharing COMMENTS (12 to date) Tex writes: Evidently there as been loss of ice on Mars as well: Somehow I don't think this is a result of human industrial activity. Barkley Rosser writes: To Commenter 1: And your point is what? We have had ice ages that came and then melted with no humans around. So what? Regarding the main point, it is well known that even when there is global warming, parts of the world can be cooling off. Indeed, that was the premise of the scare movie about global warming, forget its name, in which a giant ice sheet covers New York. Regarding Greenland, it is my understanding that while ice is piling up in central Greenland (and in parts of central Antarctica also), more is falling off the edges into the ocean. Barbar writes: Alarmist views are panicky and hysterical and irrational. I know instinctively that such views cannot be right. Tex writes: Good point. John Brothers writes: The point is that it is hard to justify strong anti-market interventions into a process that is not caused by human action. Extraordinarily anti-market interventions require extraordinary proof. So far, IMO, extraordinary proof has not been forthcoming. Tex: That particular line has been answered here (on realclimate, a blog run by top climate scientists). A perhaps more readable answer is found on A few things ill-considered. It's author, Coby Beck, has managed to put together an impressive list of answers to common global warming denialist arguments. Perhaps you should check that list when you come across a new argument that global warming isn't happening or isn't manmade? You know, to get out of the echo chamber. And that goes for you, too, Kling. You can and should check every argument people who call themselves "non-alarmists" make. (At least if you believe in the value of peer review, as I have attempted to argue before). In this case, the reason you see a citation from Patrick Michaels instead of Johannesen himself, is that Johannesen is no denialist, and probably quite aware that his observations are in line with previous predictions by the climate models. They do expect thawing at the edges and gains in the interior. And why was it Pat Michaels who did the explaining? Here's a look on some of his other statements: realclimate, Deltoid at Scienceblogs, more at the old Deltoid. That last link is especially precious. Michaels and McKitrick authored a paper Michael himself described as a "bombshell" against global warming, and "subjected to four years of the most rigorous peer-review ever". Only they mixed up degrees and radians... I realise you agree with the CEI on lots of things, Kling, and I've no problem with that, but you must remember that they're one of the "think tanks" that took money from Philip Morris, 200000$ to be exact. When you're talking with a professional PR agency, you can't just assume that "it's a useful reference" because "there are a lot of facts presented". tdl writes: Mr. Korneliussen, What does a small donation from Philip Morris have to do with anything? Furthermore, if it is appropriate to point how much money "denialists" recieve from industry, is it not also appropriate to note how much funding "non-denialists" recieve from governments? You implicitly argue that since the "denialist" scientist is arguing for industry if they are recieving funding from industry. Why can it not also be true that "non-denialist" scientists who recieve funding from government are arguing for increased government power? I was under the impression that point of debate in science was to find the truth and not to cast aspersions on those who do not agree with you. David writes: "What does a small donation from Philip Morris have to do with anything" Everything if you are a marxian. Philip Morris is to a marxian what "The Jooz" are to a nazi. Tex writes: Which contends that the melting on Mars is a function of normal variation sans human industrial activity. Barkley Rosser writes: Actually Michaels is no longer a full bore denialist. His current view is that global temp is rising in a straight line, largely due to human sources. The straight line is a balance between the exponential increase of CO2 accumulations in the atmosphere and the logarithmic relationship between that and global temperature. His straight line projection does put him as forecasting lower rates of temperature increase than most observers, and in that regard he might still be regarded as being in the "denialist" camp. But he has definitely softened his line on this whole matter. In reverse order: Rosser, he may have, but his credibility is still zero, in my opinion. Tex, you only see what you want to see, don't you? Read it again. The insinuation that solar input is responsible is answered. Also, they comment that the denialist took decades to conclude that the earth was warming, despite enormous evidence. Then when it suited their political goals, only a few very noisy measurements were enough to conclude that Mars was warming. Also, if you think 200000$ is a small donation, could you give me a small donation, please? Polluting industry has a large vested interest in denying that climate change is happening, that we are causing it, or that it matters. Governments have no comparable interest in asserting it. Nor do scientists - Funding is a moot point: If someone had good evidence against any of the three, you can bet they would find funding! Even environmentalists don't, unless you believe the conspiracy theories that they are all secretly nazis... Eli Rabett has posted an interesting mail from another conservative think tank, the Alexis de Toqueville institution, which gives some insight into how the more disreputable think-tanks work. That may serve as an illustration why I don't give the CEI the benefit of much doubt. Comments for this entry have been closed Return to top
[ 3163, 77, 727, 28638, 5624, 198, 198, 22289, 370, 18052, 198, 198, 44142, 9544, 13493, 986, 383, 34920, 25, 4091, 921, 8670, 986, 198, 198, 464, 47665, 14973, 5136, 973, 257, 2274, 3862, 11175, 3002, 1621, 355, 257, 19819, 284, 1577, 262, 1729, 12, 282, 1670, 396, 1570, 319, 3298, 9917, 13, 16263, 11, 18671, 40, 468, 257, 1948, 28953, 11, 475, 612, 389, 257, 1256, 286, 6419, 5545, 11, 523, 340, 2331, 284, 307, 257, 4465, 4941, 13, 3423, 318, 257, 39442, 25, 198, 198, 4864, 11, 3862, 24245, 1194, 3348, 287, 5800, 416, 440, 5031, 16053, 272, 1108, 268, 286, 262, 399, 33807, 13272, 290, 21520, 14173, 278, 3337, 287, 4312, 5235, 11, 15238, 11, 508, 1043, 326, 4771, 318, 44657, 319, 30155, 447, 247, 82, 11087, 40509, 13, 383, 734, 3640, 5929, 7267, 1028, 10436, 13, 1081, 2059, 286, 6025, 5424, 265, 7451, 9925, 44768, 6688, 11, 611, 371, 570, 313, 290, 14248, 853, 265, 7402, 550, 13284, 20216, 16053, 272, 1108, 268, 447, 247, 82, 2098, 8810, 422, 511, 2098, 9089, 11, 564, 250, 1169, 2472, 6115, 286, 4771, 2994, 422, 30155, 561, 691, 423, 1716, 3967, 1141, 262, 938, 642, 812, 11, 37066, 1596, 13276, 18, 287, 4751, 290, 10190, 13276, 18, 287, 5075, 13, 770, 23677, 284, 257, 5417, 1241, 4485, 10156, 286, 657, 13, 3023, 3020, 287, 4751, 290, 657, 13, 1954, 3020, 287, 5075, 960, 27160, 881, 1342, 10092, 621, 883, 484, 3199, 13, 447, 251, 9676, 11, 379, 262, 5075, 2494, 11, 30155, 4771, 16867, 481, 8676, 1342, 621, 530, 11111, 284, 5417, 1241, 4485, 1141, 262, 2310, 301, 4289, 13, 198, 198, 23903, 290, 36644, 198, 198, 9858, 28957, 357, 1065, 284, 3128, 8, 198, 17005, 6797, 25, 198, 198, 15200, 46046, 612, 355, 587, 2994, 286, 4771, 319, 8706, 355, 880, 25, 198, 198, 4366, 4919, 314, 836, 470, 892, 428, 318, 257, 1255, 286, 1692, 7593, 3842, 13, 198, 198, 33, 668, 1636, 9847, 263, 6797, 25, 198, 198, 2514, 18957, 263, 352, 25, 198, 198, 1870, 534, 966, 318, 644, 30, 775, 423, 550, 4771, 9337, 326, 1625, 290, 788, 24178, 351, 645, 5384, 1088, 13, 1406, 644, 30, 198, 198, 39424, 262, 1388, 966, 11, 340, 318, 880, 1900, 326, 772, 618, 612, 318, 3298, 9917, 11, 3354, 286, 262, 995, 460, 307, 15134, 572, 13, 9676, 11, 326, 373, 262, 18659, 286, 262, 19437, 3807, 546, 3298, 9917, 11, 6044, 663, 1438, 11, 287, 543, 257, 6175, 4771, 9629, 8698, 968, 1971, 13, 198, 198, 39424, 30155, 11, 340, 318, 616, 4547, 326, 981, 4771, 318, 48060, 510, 287, 4318, 30155, 357, 392, 287, 3354, 286, 4318, 30185, 635, 828, 517, 318, 7463, 572, 262, 13015, 656, 262, 9151, 13, 198, 198, 10374, 5657, 6797, 25, 198, 198, 2348, 1670, 396, 5009, 389, 3425, 17479, 290, 46759, 290, 25086, 13, 314, 760, 43045, 326, 884, 5009, 2314, 307, 826, 13, 198, 198, 17005, 6797, 25, 628, 198, 10248, 966, 13, 198, 198, 7554, 16055, 6797, 25, 198, 198, 464, 966, 318, 326, 340, 318, 1327, 284, 12051, 1913, 3098, 12, 10728, 19901, 656, 257, 1429, 326, 318, 407, 4073, 416, 1692, 2223, 13, 17221, 585, 21565, 3098, 12, 10728, 19901, 2421, 11359, 6617, 13, 1406, 1290, 11, 8959, 46, 11, 11359, 6617, 468, 407, 587, 21220, 13, 198, 198, 17005, 25, 1320, 1948, 1627, 468, 587, 9373, 994, 357, 261, 1103, 42570, 11, 257, 4130, 1057, 416, 1353, 4258, 5519, 737, 317, 3737, 517, 31744, 3280, 318, 1043, 319, 317, 1178, 1243, 2801, 12, 5936, 3089, 13, 632, 338, 1772, 11, 14828, 88, 11739, 11, 468, 5257, 284, 1234, 1978, 281, 8036, 1351, 286, 7429, 284, 2219, 3298, 9917, 14425, 396, 7159, 13, 8673, 345, 815, 2198, 326, 1351, 618, 345, 1282, 1973, 257, 649, 4578, 326, 3298, 9917, 2125, 470, 5836, 393, 2125, 470, 582, 9727, 30, 921, 760, 11, 284, 651, 503, 286, 262, 9809, 11847, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 326, 2925, 329, 345, 11, 1165, 11, 28638, 13, 921, 460, 290, 815, 2198, 790, 4578, 661, 508, 869, 2405, 366, 13159, 12, 282, 1670, 1023, 1, 787, 13, 357, 2953, 1551, 611, 345, 1975, 287, 262, 1988, 286, 12720, 2423, 11, 355, 314, 423, 7482, 284, 7267, 878, 737, 554, 428, 1339, 11, 262, 1738, 345, 766, 257, 27860, 422, 9925, 44768, 2427, 286, 38579, 268, 2241, 11, 318, 326, 38579, 268, 318, 645, 14425, 396, 11, 290, 2192, 2407, 3910, 326, 465, 13050, 389, 287, 1627, 351, 2180, 16277, 416, 262, 4258, 4981, 13, 1119, 466, 1607, 294, 707, 278, 379, 262, 13015, 290, 8810, 287, 262, 11087, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 1521, 373, 340, 3208, 44768, 508, 750, 262, 11170, 30, 3423, 338, 257, 804, 319, 617, 286, 465, 584, 6299, 25, 1103, 42570, 11, 4216, 1462, 312, 379, 5800, 49096, 11, 517, 379, 262, 1468, 4216, 1462, 312, 13, 198, 198, 2504, 938, 2792, 318, 2592, 14186, 13, 44768, 290, 11888, 270, 5557, 33941, 257, 3348, 3899, 2241, 3417, 355, 257, 366, 65, 33273, 12758, 1, 1028, 3298, 9917, 11, 290, 366, 32796, 276, 284, 1440, 812, 286, 262, 749, 22888, 12720, 12, 19023, 1683, 1911, 5514, 484, 7668, 510, 7370, 290, 2511, 1547, 986, 198, 198, 40, 18996, 345, 4236, 351, 262, 18671, 40, 319, 6041, 286, 1243, 11, 28638, 11, 290, 314, 1053, 645, 1917, 351, 326, 11, 475, 345, 1276, 3505, 326, 484, 821, 530, 286, 262, 366, 14925, 11657, 1, 326, 1718, 1637, 422, 14576, 14433, 11, 939, 830, 3, 284, 307, 2748, 13, 1649, 345, 821, 3375, 351, 257, 4708, 4810, 4086, 11, 345, 460, 470, 655, 7048, 326, 366, 270, 338, 257, 4465, 4941, 1, 780, 366, 8117, 389, 257, 1256, 286, 6419, 5545, 1911, 198, 198, 8671, 75, 6797, 25, 198, 198, 5246, 13, 509, 1211, 43733, 35951, 11, 198, 198, 2061, 857, 257, 1402, 13784, 422, 14576, 14433, 423, 284, 466, 351, 1997, 30, 11399, 11, 611, 340, 318, 5035, 284, 966, 703, 881, 1637, 366, 6559, 498, 1023, 1, 664, 12311, 422, 2831, 11, 318, 340, 407, 635, 5035, 284, 3465, 703, 881, 4918, 366, 13159, 12, 6559, 498, 1023, 1, 664, 12311, 422, 6905, 30, 921, 31821, 7267, 326, 1201, 262, 366, 6559, 498, 396, 1, 11444, 318, 11810, 329, 2831, 611, 484, 389, 664, 30749, 4918, 422, 2831, 13, 4162, 460, 340, 407, 635, 307, 2081, 326, 366, 13159, 12, 6559, 498, 396, 1, 5519, 508, 664, 12311, 4918, 422, 1230, 389, 11810, 329, 3220, 1230, 1176, 30, 198, 198, 40, 373, 739, 262, 10647, 326, 966, 286, 4384, 287, 3783, 373, 284, 1064, 262, 3872, 290, 407, 284, 3350, 355, 19276, 507, 319, 883, 508, 466, 407, 4236, 351, 345, 13, 198, 198, 11006, 6797, 25, 198, 198, 1, 2061, 857, 257, 1402, 13784, 422, 14576, 14433, 423, 284, 466, 351, 1997, 1, 198, 198, 19693, 611, 345, 389, 257, 1667, 87, 666, 13, 198, 198, 18673, 541, 14433, 318, 284, 257, 1667, 87, 666, 644, 366, 464, 449, 2238, 89, 1, 389, 284, 257, 299, 7761, 13, 198, 198, 17005, 6797, 25, 628, 198, 13828, 33799, 326, 262, 24203, 319, 8706, 318, 257, 2163, 286, 3487, 12291, 38078, 1692, 7593, 3842, 13, 198, 198, 33, 668, 1636, 9847, 263, 6797, 25, 198, 198, 26417, 44768, 318, 645, 2392, 257, 1336, 18631, 14425, 396, 13, 2399, 1459, 1570, 318, 326, 3298, 20218, 318, 7396, 287, 257, 3892, 1627, 11, 5688, 2233, 284, 1692, 4237, 13, 383, 3892, 1627, 318, 257, 5236, 1022, 262, 39682, 2620, 286, 7375, 17, 10507, 5768, 287, 262, 8137, 290, 262, 2604, 283, 342, 9383, 2776, 1022, 326, 290, 3298, 5951, 13, 2399, 3892, 1627, 20128, 857, 1234, 683, 355, 41164, 2793, 3965, 286, 5951, 2620, 621, 749, 17984, 11, 290, 287, 326, 2754, 339, 1244, 991, 307, 11987, 355, 852, 287, 262, 366, 6559, 498, 396, 1, 1413, 13, 887, 339, 468, 4753, 41534, 465, 1627, 319, 428, 2187, 2300, 13, 198, 198, 818, 9575, 1502, 25, 198, 198, 38328, 263, 11, 339, 743, 423, 11, 475, 465, 16532, 318, 991, 6632, 11, 287, 616, 4459, 13, 198, 198, 17005, 11, 345, 691, 766, 644, 345, 765, 284, 766, 11, 836, 470, 345, 30, 4149, 340, 757, 13, 383, 43553, 2288, 326, 6591, 5128, 318, 4497, 318, 9373, 13, 4418, 11, 484, 2912, 326, 262, 14425, 396, 1718, 4647, 284, 13796, 326, 262, 4534, 373, 9917, 11, 3805, 9812, 2370, 13, 3244, 618, 340, 16662, 511, 1964, 4661, 11, 691, 257, 1178, 845, 31210, 13871, 547, 1576, 284, 13796, 326, 8706, 373, 9917, 13, 198, 198, 7583, 11, 611, 345, 892, 939, 830, 3, 318, 257, 1402, 13784, 11, 714, 345, 1577, 502, 257, 1402, 13784, 11, 3387, 30, 198, 198, 39176, 15129, 2831, 468, 257, 1588, 32789, 1393, 287, 17086, 326, 4258, 1487, 318, 5836, 11, 326, 356, 389, 6666, 340, 11, 393, 326, 340, 6067, 13, 40343, 423, 645, 13975, 1393, 287, 33183, 340, 13, 5414, 466, 5519, 532, 35249, 318, 257, 41264, 966, 25, 1002, 2130, 550, 922, 2370, 1028, 597, 286, 262, 1115, 11, 345, 460, 731, 484, 561, 1064, 4918, 0, 3412, 40586, 836, 470, 11, 4556, 345, 1975, 262, 10086, 10946, 326, 484, 389, 477, 17348, 299, 1031, 271, 986, 198, 198, 36, 4528, 28559, 3087, 468, 4481, 281, 3499, 6920, 422, 1194, 5940, 892, 6873, 11, 262, 31078, 390, 1675, 421, 1990, 8270, 9901, 11, 543, 3607, 617, 11281, 656, 703, 262, 517, 595, 260, 48840, 892, 12, 83, 2283, 670, 13, 1320, 743, 4691, 355, 281, 20936, 1521, 314, 836, 470, 1577, 262, 18671, 40, 262, 4414, 286, 881, 4719, 13, 198, 198, 23903, 329, 428, 5726, 423, 587, 4838, 198, 13615, 284, 1353, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,611
Monday, January 16, 2012 The Great Nor'easter - Saturday, October 29, 2011 Wow, this was a doozy.  We'd gotten snow a couple days before, which was really weird.  It wasn't bad enough to cause any problems, but it did stick around.  You can see it on my neighbors' garage rooftop and on the table on the deck (I was still painting outside at this point because fall was warm and gorgeous). The snow started in the early afternoon, coming down fast and furious.  It quickly weighed down the trees and bushes. It was a wet, heavy snow.  Things were made worse because most of the leaves had not fallen yet, due to our warm autumn.  People said they heard cracking all night from trees and branches falling.  I did not, but I did hear thunder and saw lightning.  It was very windy as well. Back yard. We got about a foot.  It melted fairly  quickly, as the next day was beautiful. From the living room window. However the devastation was unbelievable and widespread.  In Connecticut it was mostly in the central part of the state.  Most people around here were out of power for at least five days.  It was the wild, wild west. My brother told me the storm really beat up his body.  He had many trees and branches fall, one blocking his garage.  He's on well and septic, so there was no water, no heat and no toilets.  He would bring water up from a brook down the road.  Finally he got a generator because my nephew is severely handicapped and needs a breathing machine at night for his lung problems. The day after the storm I decided to go over to my sister's house.  She lives about a mile and a half from me. I got so scared I turned back.  There were downed wires, limbs and trees everywhere.  I tried again but the road to her house was blocked off.  Her neighbor's dog had been electrocuted by a downed wire early that morning. It was just scary. I wouldn't let my cats out until I got power. It got really cold inside without heat.  I have gas for my stove and I'm on sewer so at least I could flush the toilet and take a shower.  I was able to take two showers with warm water, then it got cold.  It was like living in the era in which my house was built!  You had to do chores in the daylight hours.  Otherwise, you had to use candles.  I would come home and read under a quilt by candlelight.  We learned that tapers are better than glass jar candles due to less flickering.  Then I would go to bed with two quilts on me.  It was warm enough for sleeping, but getting out of bed and washing up for work was painful.  I heated water for a sponge bath on my gas stove.  We have it so easy in our time. I hadn't heard from my boss, so I went in to work that Monday.  We had power.  Every day was an adventure trying to find roads that weren't blocked and intersections with signals working so there wasn't a traffic jam.  Restaurants with power were jammed.  The large mall nearby had power and was crammed with people trying to stay warm and entertain their kids (school was cancelled for a week or two depending on location).  Then there was the Great Gas Shortage. I was low on gas and there were few stations with power.  Ergo, long lines for gas, like in the 1970's.  Stores were also running out of food.  Afterwards, there were shortages at places like McDonald's because they had to throw out so much food. I hadn't seen a power company truck until mid-week.  I figured on my little, obscure street it would take a long time to get power back but mine went out on Saturday night around 8 p.m. and returned on Thursday at around 6:45 p.m.  There were power crews from all over the country helping out.  My sister got hers back the next night, and my mother the night after that.  The chief executive officer of Connecticut Light & Power resigned afterwards. After the storm there were piles of branches and trees at curbs everywhere.  My huge pile was just picked up last week by the town.  I still hear the sound of chain saws.  The weather's been warm and sunny since then with a couple days of really cold weather.  Awesome!  It's great to be rid of 2011--year of floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, blizzards, an earthquake and October Nor'easter! This proved to be an eye opener at my lack of preparation for emergencies.  Next time I'll have food, gas, batteries (stores were running out of them), matches and candles.  It could have been a lot worse.  It could have been in the winter, with pipes freezing and bursting and snow and ice to contend with on the roads, as well as trees, wires and branches.  Overall, I think there were some deaths due to carbon monoxide and an electrocution or two, but I didn't hear about people dying due to inability to get to the hospital.  I did hear that one person had to be taken  from a truck driven across neighbors' lawns to an ambulance, though. No comments:
[ 23810, 11, 3269, 1467, 11, 2321, 198, 198, 464, 3878, 5414, 6, 68, 1603, 532, 3909, 11, 3267, 2808, 11, 2813, 198, 198, 22017, 11, 428, 373, 257, 466, 31060, 13, 1849, 775, 1549, 7891, 6729, 257, 3155, 1528, 878, 11, 543, 373, 1107, 7650, 13, 1849, 632, 2492, 470, 2089, 1576, 284, 2728, 597, 2761, 11, 475, 340, 750, 4859, 1088, 13, 1849, 921, 460, 766, 340, 319, 616, 12020, 6, 15591, 33880, 290, 319, 262, 3084, 319, 262, 6203, 357, 40, 373, 991, 12036, 2354, 379, 428, 966, 780, 2121, 373, 5814, 290, 18857, 737, 198, 198, 464, 6729, 2067, 287, 262, 1903, 6672, 11, 2406, 866, 3049, 290, 21799, 13, 1849, 632, 2952, 20261, 866, 262, 7150, 290, 37413, 13, 632, 373, 257, 9583, 11, 4334, 6729, 13, 1849, 11597, 547, 925, 4785, 780, 749, 286, 262, 5667, 550, 407, 9292, 1865, 11, 2233, 284, 674, 5814, 23608, 13, 1849, 4380, 531, 484, 2982, 25407, 477, 1755, 422, 7150, 290, 13737, 7463, 13, 1849, 314, 750, 407, 11, 475, 314, 750, 3285, 18355, 290, 2497, 14357, 13, 1849, 632, 373, 845, 2344, 88, 355, 880, 13, 198, 198, 7282, 12699, 13, 198, 198, 1135, 1392, 546, 257, 2366, 13, 1849, 632, 24178, 6547, 1849, 2952, 11, 355, 262, 1306, 1110, 373, 4950, 13, 198, 198, 4863, 262, 2877, 2119, 4324, 13, 198, 198, 4864, 262, 34595, 373, 24479, 290, 10095, 13, 1849, 554, 14493, 340, 373, 4632, 287, 262, 4318, 636, 286, 262, 1181, 13, 1849, 4042, 661, 1088, 994, 547, 503, 286, 1176, 329, 379, 1551, 1936, 1528, 13, 1849, 632, 373, 262, 4295, 11, 4295, 7421, 13, 2011, 3956, 1297, 502, 262, 6388, 1107, 4405, 510, 465, 1767, 13, 1849, 679, 550, 867, 7150, 290, 13737, 2121, 11, 530, 12013, 465, 15591, 13, 1849, 679, 338, 319, 880, 290, 384, 17459, 11, 523, 612, 373, 645, 1660, 11, 645, 4894, 290, 645, 32711, 13, 1849, 679, 561, 2222, 1660, 510, 422, 257, 1379, 482, 866, 262, 2975, 13, 1849, 9461, 339, 1392, 257, 17301, 780, 616, 26301, 318, 15052, 29103, 6320, 290, 2476, 257, 12704, 4572, 379, 1755, 329, 465, 12317, 2761, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1110, 706, 262, 6388, 314, 3066, 284, 467, 625, 284, 616, 6621, 338, 2156, 13, 1849, 1375, 3160, 546, 257, 10591, 290, 257, 2063, 422, 502, 13, 314, 1392, 523, 12008, 314, 2900, 736, 13, 1849, 1318, 547, 42281, 19474, 11, 21755, 290, 7150, 8347, 13, 1849, 314, 3088, 757, 475, 262, 2975, 284, 607, 2156, 373, 10226, 572, 13, 1849, 2332, 4780, 338, 3290, 550, 587, 1742, 12204, 7241, 416, 257, 42281, 6503, 1903, 326, 3329, 13, 632, 373, 655, 14343, 13, 314, 3636, 470, 1309, 616, 11875, 503, 1566, 314, 1392, 1176, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 1392, 1107, 4692, 2641, 1231, 4894, 13, 1849, 314, 423, 3623, 329, 616, 27635, 290, 314, 1101, 319, 34327, 523, 379, 1551, 314, 714, 24773, 262, 16146, 290, 1011, 257, 14643, 13, 1849, 314, 373, 1498, 284, 1011, 734, 32290, 351, 5814, 1660, 11, 788, 340, 1392, 4692, 13, 1849, 632, 373, 588, 2877, 287, 262, 6980, 287, 543, 616, 2156, 373, 3170, 0, 1849, 921, 550, 284, 466, 46173, 287, 262, 26010, 2250, 13, 1849, 15323, 11, 345, 550, 284, 779, 32268, 13, 1849, 314, 561, 1282, 1363, 290, 1100, 739, 257, 627, 2326, 416, 26839, 2971, 13, 1849, 775, 4499, 326, 256, 5656, 389, 1365, 621, 5405, 17379, 32268, 2233, 284, 1342, 50104, 13, 1849, 3244, 314, 561, 467, 284, 3996, 351, 734, 627, 50076, 319, 502, 13, 1849, 632, 373, 5814, 1576, 329, 11029, 11, 475, 1972, 503, 286, 3996, 290, 20518, 510, 329, 670, 373, 12132, 13, 1849, 314, 16968, 1660, 329, 257, 40206, 7837, 319, 616, 3623, 27635, 13, 1849, 775, 423, 340, 523, 2562, 287, 674, 640, 13, 198, 198, 40, 8020, 470, 2982, 422, 616, 6478, 11, 523, 314, 1816, 287, 284, 670, 326, 3321, 13, 1849, 775, 550, 1176, 13, 1849, 3887, 1110, 373, 281, 8855, 2111, 284, 1064, 9725, 326, 6304, 470, 10226, 290, 42085, 351, 10425, 1762, 523, 612, 2492, 470, 257, 4979, 16853, 13, 1849, 22463, 1187, 351, 1176, 547, 45479, 13, 1849, 383, 1588, 17374, 6716, 550, 1176, 290, 373, 48384, 351, 661, 2111, 284, 2652, 5814, 290, 8204, 511, 3988, 357, 14347, 373, 16769, 329, 257, 1285, 393, 734, 6906, 319, 4067, 737, 1849, 3244, 612, 373, 262, 3878, 14345, 10073, 496, 13, 314, 373, 1877, 319, 3623, 290, 612, 547, 1178, 8985, 351, 1176, 13, 1849, 5256, 2188, 11, 890, 3951, 329, 3623, 11, 588, 287, 262, 8069, 338, 13, 1849, 41835, 547, 635, 2491, 503, 286, 2057, 13, 1849, 39063, 11, 612, 547, 28791, 379, 4113, 588, 14115, 338, 780, 484, 550, 284, 3714, 503, 523, 881, 2057, 13, 198, 198, 40, 8020, 470, 1775, 257, 1176, 1664, 7779, 1566, 3095, 12, 10464, 13, 1849, 314, 11638, 319, 616, 1310, 11, 18611, 4675, 340, 561, 1011, 257, 890, 640, 284, 651, 1176, 736, 475, 6164, 1816, 503, 319, 3909, 1755, 1088, 807, 279, 13, 76, 13, 290, 4504, 319, 3635, 379, 1088, 718, 25, 2231, 279, 13, 76, 13, 1849, 1318, 547, 1176, 18936, 422, 477, 625, 262, 1499, 5742, 503, 13, 1849, 2011, 6621, 1392, 25144, 736, 262, 1306, 1755, 11, 290, 616, 2802, 262, 1755, 706, 326, 13, 1849, 383, 4039, 4640, 3818, 286, 14493, 4401, 1222, 4333, 16542, 12979, 13, 198, 198, 3260, 262, 6388, 612, 547, 30935, 286, 13737, 290, 7150, 379, 1090, 1443, 8347, 13, 1849, 2011, 3236, 14540, 373, 655, 6497, 510, 938, 1285, 416, 262, 3240, 13, 1849, 314, 991, 3285, 262, 2128, 286, 6333, 2497, 82, 13, 1849, 383, 6193, 338, 587, 5814, 290, 27737, 1201, 788, 351, 257, 3155, 1528, 286, 1107, 4692, 6193, 13, 1849, 25020, 0, 1849, 632, 338, 1049, 284, 307, 5755, 286, 2813, 438, 1941, 286, 27283, 11, 12445, 46368, 11, 40370, 11, 698, 6457, 1371, 11, 281, 16295, 290, 3267, 5414, 6, 68, 1603, 0, 198, 198, 1212, 8302, 284, 307, 281, 4151, 21996, 379, 616, 3092, 286, 11824, 329, 36047, 13, 1849, 7406, 640, 314, 1183, 423, 2057, 11, 3623, 11, 13591, 357, 43409, 547, 2491, 503, 286, 606, 828, 7466, 290, 32268, 13, 1849, 632, 714, 423, 587, 257, 1256, 4785, 13, 1849, 632, 714, 423, 587, 287, 262, 7374, 11, 351, 19860, 20884, 290, 37493, 290, 6729, 290, 4771, 284, 24351, 351, 319, 262, 9725, 11, 355, 880, 355, 7150, 11, 19474, 290, 13737, 13, 1849, 14674, 11, 314, 892, 612, 547, 617, 7040, 2233, 284, 6588, 937, 28885, 290, 281, 1742, 12204, 1009, 393, 734, 11, 475, 314, 1422, 470, 3285, 546, 661, 9950, 2233, 284, 16612, 284, 651, 284, 262, 4436, 13, 1849, 314, 750, 3285, 326, 530, 1048, 550, 284, 307, 2077, 1849, 422, 257, 7779, 7986, 1973, 12020, 6, 21133, 82, 284, 281, 22536, 11, 996, 13, 198, 198, 2949, 3651, 25, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,148
Insights from Our Experts Blog image How Python offers the Best Business Advantages in 2019 Author Image Renjith Raj,Chief Technology Officer Python - The Global Programming Language  When Guido van Rossum developed Python, little did he know that it would evolve to be a global programming language in the coming years. By the end of 2019, Python would be the universally accepted programming language, all because of its business advantages.  And Python is growing fast! By fast, I mean incredibly fast. Source: Stack Overflow Stack Overflow, the developers’ forum, witnessed a huge spike in the number of questions related to Python. This strongly points towards the tremendous interest and spike in Python usage.  Popular uses of Python  popular uses When Instagram chose Python!  Python Insta Instagram, the most-popular photo-centric social media platform, is home for 1 billion users around the globe. Every day, around 95 million photos are shared on Instagram. It is the most active social networking platform that hosts a large user community.  Would you believe me if I said that such a large social media application runs on Python? Well, that’s the truth. Instagram is the biggest Python user in the world. Back in 2016, the engineering team at Instagram had declared that they had the world’s largest deployment of the Django web framework, written entirely in Python. They have the Django and Python stack in execution for almost 8 years now. Since its inception, Instagram has doubled in size over the past two years. In 2017, Instagram migrated most of its code base from Python 2.7 to Python 3. As we can see, they have taken the Python/Django stack quite far already. Copy-on-write friendly Python garbage-collection to improve memory utilization and enhancing performance with background data prefetching are few examples from the lot.  Why did Instagram choose Python? why insta chose python The team at Instagram chose Python because of its simplicity and practicality. They felt that it better aligned with their philosophy of “do the simple things first.” When co-founders Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, came up with the product idea, they were looking for the best available framework in the market. Python/Django, being a popular framework, captivated their attention. The developer-friendly and productive nature of Python were immediately in speculation. The maturity of the Python language and Django framework encouraged them further to consider the stack for product development.  Developing the application in Python also meant that a large pool of talented Python engineers is available around the globe. It was easy to grow the engineering team without any bottlenecks. The practicality of Python indicated that it was easy to become productive and thus, speed up the time-to-market. After all, developer velocity is the biggest concern when it comes to launching your product on time.  Python has the capability to support over 3 billion users with its stack shared across multiple geographic locations. To the Instagram engineering team, adopting a simple and clean language such as Python meant that they could focus on adding more value to user-facing features. Moving forward, the strongly felt that Python would prove highly-beneficent. Hence, they narrowed on Python/Django stack and has been running on it from then on.  Bottom Line: Python has undoubtedly the best business advantages!  Python is simple, clean, and favors pragmatism. As a proven technology, Python offers a convenient option to get started with your new product. Although it is not considered a fast technology, efficiency and scalability of Python to support user and feature growth have become easy with Python version 3. Again, Instagram is a popular example to consider when you are thinking about migrating to Python 3.  At SayOne, almost 80 percent of our clients’ applications run on Python/Django stack. Performance efficiency is no longer the primary concern for businesses. But developer velocity and time-to-market are and will always be. For these reasons, we find a majority of our customers choosing Python/Django as their technology stack for sustainable business growth.  Want to know more about our Python development offerings? Check our Python Development Services or speak to our team directly
[ 20376, 2337, 422, 3954, 36095, 198, 198, 42383, 2939, 198, 198, 2437, 11361, 4394, 262, 6705, 7320, 1215, 4520, 1095, 287, 13130, 198, 198, 13838, 7412, 198, 198, 26764, 73, 342, 13308, 11, 23675, 8987, 10391, 198, 198, 37906, 532, 383, 8060, 30297, 15417, 1849, 198, 198, 2215, 1962, 17305, 5719, 9847, 388, 4166, 11361, 11, 1310, 750, 339, 760, 326, 340, 561, 18101, 284, 307, 257, 3298, 8300, 3303, 287, 262, 2406, 812, 13, 2750, 262, 886, 286, 13130, 11, 11361, 561, 307, 262, 26208, 6292, 8300, 3303, 11, 477, 780, 286, 663, 1597, 13391, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 1870, 11361, 318, 3957, 3049, 0, 2750, 3049, 11, 314, 1612, 8131, 3049, 13, 628, 198, 7416, 25, 23881, 3827, 11125, 198, 198, 25896, 3827, 11125, 11, 262, 6505, 447, 247, 10041, 11, 13923, 257, 3236, 20240, 287, 262, 1271, 286, 2683, 3519, 284, 11361, 13, 770, 7634, 2173, 3371, 262, 12465, 1393, 290, 20240, 287, 11361, 8748, 13, 1849, 628, 198, 16979, 934, 3544, 286, 11361, 1849, 198, 198, 47568, 3544, 628, 198, 2215, 10767, 7690, 11361, 0, 1849, 198, 198, 37906, 2262, 64, 198, 198, 6310, 6713, 11, 262, 749, 12, 47568, 4590, 12, 28577, 1919, 2056, 3859, 11, 318, 1363, 329, 352, 2997, 2985, 1088, 262, 13342, 13, 3887, 1110, 11, 1088, 6957, 1510, 5205, 389, 4888, 319, 10767, 13, 632, 318, 262, 749, 4075, 1919, 19140, 3859, 326, 11453, 257, 1588, 2836, 2055, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 17353, 345, 1975, 502, 611, 314, 531, 326, 884, 257, 1588, 1919, 2056, 3586, 4539, 319, 11361, 30, 3894, 11, 326, 447, 247, 82, 262, 3872, 13, 10767, 318, 262, 4094, 11361, 2836, 287, 262, 995, 13, 5157, 287, 1584, 11, 262, 8705, 1074, 379, 10767, 550, 6875, 326, 484, 550, 262, 995, 447, 247, 82, 4387, 14833, 286, 262, 37770, 3992, 9355, 11, 3194, 5000, 287, 11361, 13, 1119, 423, 262, 37770, 290, 11361, 8931, 287, 9706, 329, 2048, 807, 812, 783, 13, 198, 198, 6385, 663, 30839, 11, 10767, 468, 15229, 287, 2546, 625, 262, 1613, 734, 812, 13, 554, 2177, 11, 10767, 40227, 749, 286, 663, 2438, 2779, 422, 11361, 362, 13, 22, 284, 11361, 513, 13, 1081, 356, 460, 766, 11, 484, 423, 2077, 262, 11361, 14, 35, 73, 14208, 8931, 2407, 1290, 1541, 13, 17393, 12, 261, 12, 13564, 8030, 11361, 15413, 12, 43681, 284, 2987, 4088, 32121, 290, 27496, 2854, 351, 4469, 1366, 7694, 7569, 278, 389, 1178, 6096, 422, 262, 1256, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 5195, 750, 10767, 3853, 11361, 30, 198, 198, 22850, 916, 64, 7690, 21015, 198, 198, 464, 1074, 379, 10767, 7690, 11361, 780, 286, 663, 21654, 290, 8472, 414, 13, 1119, 2936, 326, 340, 1365, 19874, 351, 511, 8876, 286, 564, 250, 4598, 262, 2829, 1243, 717, 13, 447, 251, 198, 198, 2215, 763, 12, 9275, 364, 7939, 1632, 20282, 290, 4995, 509, 5034, 1362, 11, 1625, 510, 351, 262, 1720, 2126, 11, 484, 547, 2045, 329, 262, 1266, 1695, 9355, 287, 262, 1910, 13, 11361, 14, 35, 73, 14208, 11, 852, 257, 2968, 9355, 11, 3144, 30829, 511, 3241, 13, 383, 8517, 12, 13120, 290, 12973, 3450, 286, 11361, 547, 3393, 287, 13367, 13, 383, 24841, 286, 262, 11361, 3303, 290, 37770, 9355, 10085, 606, 2252, 284, 2074, 262, 8931, 329, 1720, 2478, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 19246, 278, 262, 3586, 287, 11361, 635, 4001, 326, 257, 1588, 5933, 286, 12356, 11361, 12037, 318, 1695, 1088, 262, 13342, 13, 632, 373, 2562, 284, 1663, 262, 8705, 1074, 1231, 597, 3005, 11925, 721, 591, 13, 383, 8472, 414, 286, 11361, 8203, 326, 340, 373, 2562, 284, 1716, 12973, 290, 4145, 11, 2866, 510, 262, 640, 12, 1462, 12, 10728, 13, 2293, 477, 11, 8517, 15432, 318, 262, 4094, 2328, 618, 340, 2058, 284, 13925, 534, 1720, 319, 640, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 37906, 468, 262, 12971, 284, 1104, 625, 513, 2997, 2985, 351, 663, 8931, 4888, 1973, 3294, 22987, 7064, 13, 1675, 262, 10767, 8705, 1074, 11, 22868, 257, 2829, 290, 3424, 3303, 884, 355, 11361, 4001, 326, 484, 714, 2962, 319, 4375, 517, 1988, 284, 2836, 12, 29532, 3033, 13, 26768, 2651, 11, 262, 7634, 2936, 326, 11361, 561, 5879, 4047, 12, 36934, 36712, 13, 16227, 11, 484, 33214, 319, 11361, 14, 35, 73, 14208, 8931, 290, 468, 587, 2491, 319, 340, 422, 788, 319, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 34104, 6910, 25, 11361, 468, 17713, 262, 1266, 1597, 13391, 0, 1849, 198, 198, 37906, 318, 2829, 11, 3424, 11, 290, 23866, 23864, 6759, 1042, 13, 1081, 257, 9157, 3037, 11, 11361, 4394, 257, 11282, 3038, 284, 651, 2067, 351, 534, 649, 1720, 13, 4900, 340, 318, 407, 3177, 257, 3049, 3037, 11, 9332, 290, 16578, 1799, 286, 11361, 284, 1104, 2836, 290, 3895, 3349, 423, 1716, 2562, 351, 11361, 2196, 513, 13, 6521, 11, 10767, 318, 257, 2968, 1672, 284, 2074, 618, 345, 389, 3612, 546, 45879, 284, 11361, 513, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 2953, 13816, 3198, 11, 2048, 4019, 1411, 286, 674, 7534, 447, 247, 5479, 1057, 319, 11361, 14, 35, 73, 14208, 8931, 13, 15193, 9332, 318, 645, 2392, 262, 4165, 2328, 329, 5692, 13, 887, 8517, 15432, 290, 640, 12, 1462, 12, 10728, 389, 290, 481, 1464, 307, 13, 1114, 777, 3840, 11, 356, 1064, 257, 3741, 286, 674, 4297, 11236, 11361, 14, 35, 73, 14208, 355, 511, 3037, 8931, 329, 13347, 1597, 3349, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 19633, 284, 760, 517, 546, 674, 11361, 2478, 18369, 30, 6822, 674, 11361, 7712, 6168, 393, 2740, 284, 674, 1074, 3264, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
916
Jets Coach Trips Player: See Sal Alosi Act Like a 3-Year-Old! (VIDEO) sal alosi jets coach trips player Sal Alosi: Jets coach trips player, acts like a 4-year-old Did Sal Alosi miss that day in preschool where the teacher said “don’t trip the other kids?” That seems to be the only explanation for why the Jets coach trips player on this video below. Yes, I get that the New York Jets’ playoff hopes seem to be disappearing faster than Brett Favre’s dignity, but what on Earth would possess Alosi, the Jets’ strength and conditioning coach, to stick out his leg and bring down Miami Dolphins cornerback Nolan Carroll during Sunday’s game? Click for the video and some theories on why he acted like a 3-year-old. Here’s a link to the video. As to what prompted this behavior from Alosi, I have three theories: 1. He was stretching he is the strength and conditioning coach, after all. 2. He was having a preschool flashback. 3. He was straining to see the video of the Metrodome collapse up in the play-by-play booth. (Seriously, was it just me or did they show that video 500 times during Sunday’s NFL telecasts?) What do you think why did Sal Alosi behave in such a childish manner? Photo: NFL Other recent posts by ToniFitz76: Watch Dexter Season Finale Online For Free (Definitely Not For Kids!) Heisman Trophy: Should Cam Newton Win Despite Dad’s Misdeeds? Watch Little Boy Dance on Today Show: Little Boy Dancing Viral Video Kate Gosselin And Sarah Palin’s Camping Trip: Total Disaster! Natalie Time-Lapse Viral Video: Watch Child Age 10 Years In 1 Minute! Tagged as:
[ 41, 1039, 16393, 7563, 862, 7853, 25, 4091, 4849, 978, 21707, 2191, 4525, 257, 513, 12, 17688, 12, 19620, 0, 357, 42937, 8, 198, 198, 21680, 435, 21707, 20792, 3985, 13229, 2137, 198, 198, 19221, 978, 21707, 25, 14728, 3985, 13229, 2137, 11, 6529, 588, 257, 604, 12, 1941, 12, 727, 198, 198, 11633, 4849, 978, 21707, 2051, 326, 1110, 287, 38725, 810, 262, 4701, 531, 564, 250, 9099, 447, 247, 83, 5296, 262, 584, 3988, 30, 447, 251, 1320, 2331, 284, 307, 262, 691, 7468, 329, 1521, 262, 14728, 3985, 13229, 2137, 319, 428, 2008, 2174, 13, 3363, 11, 314, 651, 326, 262, 968, 1971, 14728, 447, 247, 13119, 7176, 1283, 284, 307, 28867, 5443, 621, 18726, 34395, 260, 447, 247, 82, 16247, 11, 475, 644, 319, 3668, 561, 8588, 978, 21707, 11, 262, 14728, 447, 247, 4202, 290, 21143, 3985, 11, 284, 4859, 503, 465, 1232, 290, 2222, 866, 8437, 21668, 26683, 27788, 21298, 1141, 3502, 447, 247, 82, 983, 30, 6914, 329, 262, 2008, 290, 617, 10946, 319, 1521, 339, 13134, 588, 257, 513, 12, 1941, 12, 727, 13, 198, 198, 4342, 447, 247, 82, 257, 2792, 284, 262, 2008, 13, 1081, 284, 644, 12053, 428, 4069, 422, 978, 21707, 11, 314, 423, 1115, 10946, 25, 198, 198, 16, 13, 679, 373, 20880, 339, 318, 262, 4202, 290, 21143, 3985, 11, 706, 477, 13, 198, 198, 17, 13, 679, 373, 1719, 257, 38725, 41963, 13, 198, 198, 18, 13, 679, 373, 965, 1397, 284, 766, 262, 2008, 286, 262, 12477, 67, 462, 9807, 510, 287, 262, 711, 12, 1525, 12, 1759, 18600, 13, 357, 42338, 11, 373, 340, 655, 502, 393, 750, 484, 905, 326, 2008, 5323, 1661, 1141, 3502, 447, 247, 82, 5134, 5735, 40924, 10091, 198, 198, 2061, 466, 345, 892, 1521, 750, 4849, 978, 21707, 17438, 287, 884, 257, 39765, 5642, 30, 628, 198, 6191, 25, 5134, 198, 198, 6395, 2274, 6851, 416, 309, 14651, 37, 4224, 4304, 25, 198, 198, 10723, 26284, 7369, 4463, 1000, 7467, 1114, 3232, 357, 7469, 12998, 1892, 1114, 17476, 8133, 198, 198, 1544, 23845, 25640, 25, 10358, 7298, 17321, 7178, 7945, 17415, 447, 247, 82, 337, 9409, 39642, 30, 198, 198, 10723, 7703, 6387, 17349, 319, 6288, 5438, 25, 7703, 6387, 31799, 16310, 282, 7623, 198, 198, 45087, 30007, 741, 259, 843, 10490, 33109, 447, 247, 82, 5425, 278, 18383, 25, 7472, 35213, 0, 198, 198, 45, 30951, 3862, 12, 43, 7512, 16310, 282, 7623, 25, 6305, 5932, 7129, 838, 13212, 554, 352, 38573, 0, 198, 198, 51, 14655, 355, 25, 198, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
425
Connect with us International Law ECHR mandate on reproductive rights, especially Abortion The European Convention on Human Rights, ratified in the year 1953, established the European Court of Human Rights to “ensure the observance of the engagements undertaken by the High Contracting Parties.”[1] The Convention, formerly known as the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, was enacted to protect the basic Human Rights of the people, by subsequent judicial enforcement through the European Court. In Europe, the statistics show that the number of deaths resulting from pregnancy has been far less than those in other continents. However, there are disparities within the countries of the continent.[2] Article 8 of the Convention deals with the Reproductive Rights and sexual health in quite a broad manner.[3] The ECtHR has ruled on issues of whether a Right to Abortion exists under Article 8[4] and whether the fetus has a right to life under Article 2[5].[6] The Court has ruled that Abortion is not a right under the Convention, and hence there is no resultant right to have[7] or practice[8]Abortion. However, in a landmark decision of P. and S. v. Poland, the Court explained that individually the states might decide the circumstances under which Abortion may be permitted.[9] With respect to the right to life of a fetus, the Court held that the fetus does not enjoy an ‘absolute right to life.’[10] However, the Court took a dicey approach in opining further that because pregnancy cannot be said to be entirely under the ambit of the ‘private life of the mother,’ the fetus does have rights under certain circumstances.[11] Thus, it is evident that the Court was unwilling to “come off the fence” to advance the laws related to Abortion.[12] From the year 2007 onwards, Article 8 has been interpreted in a procedural manner such that it is not just the state’s obligation to ensure that these rights are not violated, but also, that the state takes some ‘positive action’ to respect such rights.[13] This affirmative action arises in two situations- the first is where the state action ensures that these rights are respected and the second that the state has an incumbent duty to protect individuals from breach of such rights.[14] A pertinent example of the first situation would be the case of R.R. v. Poland[15], wherein the Court held it to be a failure on the part of the state of Poland when the hospitals denied the applicant an abortion, especially when the risky pregnancy fell under the ambit of Abortion under the Polish Law.[16] The second situation can be illustrated through the landmark case of A.B. and C. v. Ireland[17] where the European Court held in favor of procedural right under Article 8 that imposes a duty on the state to provide useful and accessible procedures that allow a woman to establish her right to a lawful abortion in Ireland.[18] Over the years many case studies suggesting that the European Court adopts a procedural approach towards the abortion rights to satisfy its political leanings[19], to serve the progressives and the conservatives alike, have come up, and looking at the trajectory of these case laws along with the regional disparity in statutes related to Abortion, the relevance of such case studies cannot be disputed. As LiiriOja& Alicia Ely Yamin rightly opine – Disputed citizenship of women from the earlier era to the non-cognizance of reproductive rights as Human Rights, Europe has been the torch-bearer of the stereotypes associated with women.[20] It was not until the adoption of the 1953 Convention of Europe when the role of women started changing with respect to citizenship rights and reproductive rights too. The Court played the pre-inscribed stereotypes and flawed conceptions of gender in the garb of such progressive case laws. The whole idea of Article 8 under which the reproductive rights are adjudged, limit the area of women’s sexualities and reproductive freedom only to the ‘Private Sphere.’ This approach of segregating fundamental human rights into a private sphere contributes to the public-private debate as brought to light by Katherine MacKinnon.[21]Patricia Londoño finds such an approach extremely problematic for two reasons. Firstly because restricting reproductive rights to a private sphere contributes to the structural problem of the violence, abuse, and mental traumas experienced by women within their own families for adopting adoption over rearing the child. Secondly, such an approach also absolves the state to take concrete steps for the advancement of reproductive rights. Thereby making Abortion and reproduction a ‘private’ issue in which the state has no say.[22] Both the landmark cases of R.R. v. Poland[23] and P. & S. v. Poland[24] have been adjudged by the Court in the sense of pity for the suffering that the woman is going through. This narrative completely ignores the conscious choice of women to have non-reproductive sex. The Court prescribes a paternalistic approach to the states concerning the procedural lapses in hospitals, thereby reinforcing the ideological stereotypes denying women any agency over their bodies.[25] With the lack of uniform laws on reproductive rights and Abortion per se, conscientious objection is now a common phenomenon wherein healthcare providers, or institutions refuse to provide reproductive health care services based on their religious or moral beliefs.[26] While religious beliefs are common, moral beliefs operate on a much broader stratum, especially in Poland and Italy, with ‘Nationalist’ and ‘Pronatalist’ beliefs being the most common not just historically but at present as well. The nationalist or pronatalist beliefs blame women for ‘irrational non-reproduction,’ which contributes to the narrative of such women being anti-nationalists because they are restricting higher fertility, which is required to ‘save the nation.’ This reproductive rhetoric has time and again comes in the way of an absence of set laws that advance women’s reproductive rights, including abortion ban.[27] Wanda Nowicka, a feminist activist, specializing in reproductive and health rights from Poland, opines that Europe does not have concrete legislation on reproductive rights and Abortion and instead invests in these areas through development aids. Her study concludes this lack of legislation, not a willful abstention but rather an indeterminacy to understand the issues around gender equality in the continent. Major laws in Europe revolve around the concept of equal pay as the only determinant of fundamental human rights of women. Gender-based discrimination and hence reproductive rights are not considered as human rights as such.[28] [1] Former Article 19 of the ECHR. [2] Id. at 14. [4] Silva Monteiro Martins Ribeiro v. Portugal [GC], no. 16471/02, ECtHR 2004; P. and S. v. Poland, no. 57375/08, ECtHR 2013. [5] Vo v France [GC], no. 53924/00, §80, ECtHR 2004. [6]<> accessed on 03.07.19. [7] Silva Monteiro Martins Ribeiro v. Portugal [GC], no. 16471/02, ECtHR 2004. [8] Jean-Jacques Amy v. Belgium, no. 11684/85, EcmHR 1988. [9] P. and S. v. Poland, no. 57375/08, ECtHR 2013. [10] X v United Kingdom, no.8416/79, ECmHR 1980. [11] Vo v France [GC], no. 53924/00, §80, ECtHR 2004. [12] Joanna N Erdman, ‘Procedural abortion rights: Ireland and the European Court of Human Rights’, Reproductive Health Matters, Vol. 22, No. 44, Using the law and the courts (November 2014), pp. 22-30 <> accessed on 03.07.19. [13]<> accessed on 03.07.19. [14] Jacobs, White &Ovey, ‘the European Convention on Human Rights’, Oxford University Press, 4th edition, 2010, p. 243. [15] R.R. v. Poland, Application No. 27617/04, Eur. Ct. H.R. (2011). [16] Id. at 23. [17] A, B, and C v. Ireland, [2010] E.C.H.R. 2032, Eur. Ct. H.R. [18] Id. at 23. [19] Id. at 23. [20]LiiriOja& Alicia Ely Yamin, ‘“Woman” In The European Human Rights System: How Is The Reproductive Rights Jurisprudence Of The European Court Of Human Rights Constructing Narratives Of Women’s Citizenship?’, Columbia Journal of Gender and Law. <> accessed on 03.07.19. [21] Ruth Gavison, ‘Feminism and the Public/Private Distinction’, Stanford Law Review Vol. 45, No. 1 (Nov., 1992), pp. 1-45 (45 pages) [22] Id. at 31. [23] Id. at 26. [24] Id. at 20. [25] Id. at 31. [26] Christina Zampas, Ximena Andion-Ibanez, ‘Conscientious objection to sexual and reproductive health services: international human rights standards and European law and practice’, European journal of Health Law 2012. <> accessed on 03.07.19. [27] JOANNA MISHTAL, ‘Reproductive Governance in the New Europe: Competing Visions of Morality, Sovereignty and Supranational Policy’, Anthropological Journal of European Cultures, Vol. 23, No. 1, THEMATIC FOCUS: Culture, Power and Policy in the New Europe (2014), pp. 59-76, < > accessed on 04.07.19 [28] Wanda Nowicka, ‘Sexual and reproductive rights and the human rights agenda: controversial and contested’, Reproductive Health Matters, Vol. 19, No. 38, Repoliticising sexual and reproductive health and rights (November 2011), pp. 119-128.<> Accessed on 04.07.19. 'The Author is a fourth year law student at Jindal Global Law School, India with a keen interest in International Laws and Women Rights. Continue Reading International Law Syrian Refugee Crisis: A Critical Analysis Concerning International Law Continue Reading International Law What have we learnt in the past century? Looking ahead The Future Continue Reading International Law International Norms On Fair Hearing: The Case of US, UK and India Fair hearing and its elements have been a hotly contested issue in administrative law. The right to fair hearing has traditionally been an indispensable aspect of the rules of natural justice. Broadly, the right to a fair hearing contains of several elements including but not limited to the right to a free and fair public hearing, the right to an independent and impartial tribunal and the right to present at an oral hearing. However, while fair hearing norms originates in the Articles 14 and 21 of the constitution in India, USA and UK trace it back to the 5th Amendment of the US Constitution[1] and Section 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights[2] respectively. Thus, the elements of fair hearing in the United States of America, the United Kingdom and India differs owing to these constitutional variations. These differences then evolve owing to diverse judicial interpretations which are based on different factors including expense, time and the need to avoid unduly binding administrative law making. Despite these differences, fair hearing remains an important requirement in the process of administrative adjudication and ensures that every person being affected by a decision is granted a hearing before he suffers detriment. Thus, it is important that fair hearing remains an internationally recognised civil right while leaving significant discretion to individual states to adopt different procedural norms for practical demand. This paper aims to understand the elements of fair hearing in three jurisdictions, namely US, UK and India. Accordingly, it first briefly traces the origins of the concept of fair hearing in administrative law and then narrows it down to understanding the evolution of the right in the three countries. Second, the paper makes a detailed scrutiny of the different elements of fair hearing in US, UK and India, observing the similarities and the differences. This involves exploring the judgments and legislative norms laid down in the three countries in this regard. Lastly, it specifically examines the effectiveness of the Indian notion of fair hearing in addressing administrative issues and ponders over the need to borrow from US and UK jurisdictions in this regard. It concludes by reemphasising the importance of the right to fair hearing and how the differences in the fair hearing frameworks of the three countries points to different administrative demands and patterns. The norms of natural justice were originally imposed in common law countries as minimum standards of fair decision making so as to ensure that bodies or persons ‘act judicially’. The natural justice norms were later differentiated into two rules: the rule against bias and the right to a fair hearing. However, while European nations focused more on non-procedural aspects such as jurisdiction and correct legal reasoning, the US Supreme Court insisted on understanding fair hearing norms as ‘the essence of the scheme of ordered liberty’[3]. This is difference is elaborated as follows- The initial academic discussion on fair hearing in the US centred on due process norms. For instance, the courts in Crowell v. Benson[4] and Ohio Valley Water Co.[5] ensured that due process norms imposed traditional procedural restrictions as well as absolute limits on the powers of administrative bodies. On the other hand, the Human Rights Act 1998[6] in UK gives effect to the Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights which declares the norms for a fair hearing. The elements of fair hearing in UK originating from Article 6 of ECHR allow tribunals to have considerable discretion in conducting trials and admitting evidences. However, they are expected to uphold “natural justice” norms especially when taking decisions that directly affect the “legitimate expectations” of a government body[7].   The Indian administrative law assumes audi alteram partem or the right not to be condemned unheard to be an essential constituent of natural justice norms. Accordingly, the right to fair hearing, although not explicitly legislated on, has been firmly grounded in Articles 14 and 21 of the Indian Constitution. Further, fair hearing norms involve several different rights recognised through various judicial precedents i.e. right to notice, right to present case and evidence, reasoned decision etc. The norms have also provided for certain exceptions in the administrative law which form legal grounds for avoiding the application of fair hearing norms. However, there is no straightjacket formula for its determination and it depends on the particular circumstances of an administrative law case[8]. Thus, it may be argued that the fair hearing norms of the three countries have had different origins thus different substantial outputs. For instance, while English and Indian laws do not have general due process requirements for all governmental action affecting private citizens, it is quite the contrary in the US law. Nonetheless, fair hearing maintains its universal applicability in ‘laying duty upon everyone who decides everything’.  Owing to different origins and administrative law advancements, the fair hearing norms of UK, US and India substantially differ from one another. For instance, the US norms demand that a party not only be given opportunity to present evidence, but allowed to know the claims of opposing party as well as meet them. Those who contest government claims in a quasi-judicial proceeding are expected to be informed of government proposals and heard on them before the final order[9]. Similarly, the US law does not guarantee a right to oral hearing under fair hearing norms and decides upon it on a case to case basis. More importantly, the Constitution of the US, in its 5th Amendment, also does not guarantee a trial type hearing in every governmental infraction of private rights[10]. For these reasons, administrative bodies such as the Civil Rights Commission do not accord the right to confront or cross examine witnesses as they only serve as investigative bodies and make no adjudications. The present norms on fair hearing in United Kingdom may be traced to the judgment in Ridge v. Baldwin[11] which abandoned analysing the administrative and adjudicatory roles of decision making bodies and turned to the precise content of the complainants’ rights. The judgment declared that the applicant in an administrative law case may rely on prior legitimate expectations that the law will fulfil in the absence of countervailing considerations. This expectation may arise out of any prior course of conduct by the executive bodies in regard to the applicant’s case. The adjudicatory body will then have to determine the exact content of the right through these legitimate expectations[12]. However, the ECHR which is the basis for the UK fair hearing norms lay down three participation principles that are to be necessarily complied with. These are the principle of respectful treatment, the ‘equality of arms’ norm and the adversarial principle. In India, the concept of fair hearing is a fairly elastic one and may not be contained within any precise definition. Thus, there are no indispensable standards of reasonableness that have to be complied with except that the conscience of the court should be satisfied that the person who will be affected by a decision has had a fair chance of convincing the particular authority[13]. However, the Supreme Court of India has also clarified that the principles of natural justice demand that a minimum fair procedure be always followed. This minimum fair procedure is, however, for the court to determine based on the particular facts and circumstances of the case. Nonetheless, the court has through judgments such as Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India[14] espoused fairness jurisprudence in regard to the civil rights of a citizen. Accordingly, some liberal norms for fair hearing that the judiciary has laid down over the years include: decision maker to be above bias, need to state reasons etc. The United Kingdom, the United States and India all fall in the category of commonwealth nations. However, their legal regimes and fair hearing notions are marked by wide differences. For instance, while the UK law focuses on a limited arena of the norms of natural justice, the US law is embedded in the concept of procedural due process[15]. However, while US makes use of the right to notice and right to be heard to further the basic constitutional guarantees of the protection of life, liberty and property, UK also uses the ‘margin of appreciation’ in ECHR norms to guarantee the same rights[16]. Further, the right to fair hearing in UK is expressly limited by several factors ranging from merits of a case to morals and national security. On the other hand, although there exist no identifiable limits on due process and fair hearing norms in US, the identified purposes of procedural due process and rule of law serve as implicit limits[17]. On a comparison between Britain and India, while Britain has experimented with a right based approach before returning to the basic principle of fairness as a core constituent of fair hearing issues, India has merely made sporadic attempts to disregard statutory stipulations in order to preserve fairness and natural justice procedures. Additionally, the Indian Supreme Court has stated that the notwithstanding any finality clauses in any act, Articles 136 and 226 allow the judiciary to review a law for violation of natural justice norms[18]. This is in contrast with US law which excludes certain congressional norms from the purview of due process requirements and judicial review. The US also has relaxed norms for attracting fair hearing norms as compared to India. For instance, while the US law allows for its non-application only in non-immediate matters or during subjective applications of the act, the Indian Supreme Court has insisted that audi alteram partem may only be used only in the instances of the violation of liberty or property causing grave injustices[19]. Therefore, it may be conclusively argued that the laws on fair hearing in the US, UK and India are based on entirely different perceptions and have evolved accordingly, thus the vast differences. Notwithstanding the differences between the fair hearing norms in the US, UK and India, there are startling similarities owing to their similar common law origins. The fair hearing norms in all the three countries have constantly strengthened and have expanded the substantive idea of fairness so as to achieve fairer outcomes. This is largely because of the natural law entitlements of individuals that common law traditions have endowed upon the masses. Further, all common law jurisdictions share social policy, tradition and elaborated analogies in various forms. Thus, the right of a man to be given fair opportunity to be heard on what has been alleged against him is a universal principle in all common law jurisdictions and hence, in all three countries, namely US, UK and India[20]. Similarly, common law countries as well as nations falling under the jurisdiction of ECHR i.e. UK, allow quasi-judicial agencies to not completely comply with all the norms of procedural fairness if the affected person has any recourse to a further hearing or appeal. On the question of exceptions to the natural justice norms too, UK and India both use similar factors of time, place and apprehended danger etc. to ascertain their application. However, all the applicable exceptions are merely circumstantial and not conclusive[21]. Further, another common law norm adopted by all the three countries is the requirement for adjudicating bodies to provide reasons for the decisions they make. In India, duty to provide reasons as a requirement of fair hearing norms, even in the absence of statutory provisions, is a judge-made law[22]. In UK, the section 12 of the Tribunals and Inquiries Act, 1946 requires them to provide with reasons only when the parties ask for them. However, there is now a judicial trend for transparency that mandates the administrative authorities to provide reasons in all circumstances[23]. Finally, in US too, Section 8(b) of the Administrative Procedure Act, 1946 mandates administrative agencies to give reasons for their decisions. Another important similarity between the fair hearing norms is the principle of ‘one who decides must hear’. Accordingly, UK’s House of Lords in Arlidge[24], the Indian judiciary in Nageshwar Rao[25] and the US Supreme Court in Morgan v. United States[26] have made clear that the duty to decide a case cannot be performed by someone who has not heard the arguments or evidence. Thus, unless it unduly complicates administrative proceedings, one administrative body should decide a case from the beginning to the end in all the three countries. Additionally, the principle of post decisional hearing has been considered to be an exception in all common law jurisdictions, especially US and India. The Indian Supreme Court in H. L. Trehan[27] has clarified that post decisional hearing should not subserve the norms of natural justice and it may only be used in exceptions such as deprivation of life and liberty etc. Similarly, in US, due process requires that fear hearing is ensured with promptitude. Thus, post decisional hearing is allowed only in the case of extreme violations of public interest of impracticability and emergency. Most importantly, in all three countries, principles of natural justice and fair hearing norms are meant to supplement and not alter the law. They are an integral part of the concept of good governance norms and hence, any claim to exclude any particular administrative hearing from the purview of fair hearing norms imposes the burden to prove so on the one demanding such exclusion[28]. Thus, it may be concluded that the UK, US and India respect certain elements of fair hearing as absolutely essential and have incorporated them into the law in different forms. The three countries owe these similarities to their common law origins which have retained some traditions and practices for many centuries. In India, there is no statutory enactment on the minimum procedures that administrative agencies have to comply with. The vigilance of the judiciary has thus, become the best safeguard for fair hearing and procedural fairness in extremely complicated administrative law cases. This is accompanied by constitutional provisions in Article 311 of the Indian Constitution that provides the right to hearing of a civil servant when he is removed, dismissed or reduction in rank. Accordingly, the person affected by the violation of his civil rights may use constitutional provisions or the concerned statue to argue principles of natural justice without invoking any prejudice or civil consequence. Further, the constitutional affirmation of the natural justice norms by the judiciary has ensured that they are read into every administrative case, subject to exclusions. As the Indian administrative law is largely judge-made, the exclusions to natural justice norms i.e. confidentiality, impracticability etc., have also been developed through judicial precedents only[29]. Additionally, Indian courts have made clear their stance on the effect of any administrative law decision made in violation of the rule of bias. The aggrieved individual or body has the opportunity to accept such decision and it may not be necessarily void. This acceptance of the bias will be deemed to have been done if the party has the conscious knowledge of such a bias[30]. This analysis makes it clear that the Indian administrative law has various elements of fair hearing that are unique to the nation in different ways. There are little determinable standards on what fair hearing constitutes and judiciary has preferred to use higher standards in cases of more serious consequences. However, all the fair hearing norms are designed to prevent authorities from doing injustice[31]. The above analysis indicates that the Indian administrative law has its separate and unique needs and the judicial precedents on fair hearings are comprehensive enough to adequately address them. However, the judiciary needs to ensure it keeps certain important principles on fair hearing in mind. For instance, the inherent human dignity of persons before the tribunals be respected, they be entitled to consult and represented by a legal representative and provided adequate opportunity to present their case, among others.  The elements of fair hearing in the United Kingdom, the United States and India have originated and evolved according to the individual administrative needs of the three nations. For instance, while US law solely insists on due process norms based in the 5th amendment, the UK and Indian laws are equally focused on technical administrative requirements such as the legal eligibility of a body to listen a case. The Indian administrative law is in its infant stage and thus has witnessed the judiciary espousing hitherto unused natural justice norms. However, these fair hearing norms have also been borrowed from and are a combination of the common law traditions which encompasses the US and UK law. The common law origins of the three countries’ fair hearing norms have ensured that these reverenced certain principles irrespective of jurisdictional constraints. Thus, there is a stark similarity between them in terms of the post decisional hearings, the deciding body and the need to provide with adequate reasons in relation to the decision rendered. This, in turn, has ensured a consistency in terms of the importance given to the fair hearing norms and the application of administrative law in the three nations.   Thus, it may be argued that the fair hearing norms in the three countries are marked by many similarities. However, the different nature of the jurisdictions under which the authority is usually conferred to the administrative bodies in the three nations is varied, thus leading to many differences as well. Therefore, it is important that while they respect the common law traditions that have been a part of their legal cultures, the judiciary of the three nations should render administrative decisions while taking into account the character of the rights of the person affected. This will allow the administrative law in these nations to progress as well as retain its core elements. [1] The Constitution of the United States, 5th Amendment [2] European Convention on Human Rights, 1953 [3] T. Koompans, ‘Natural Justice Rediviva? The Right to a fair hearing in European Law’ (1992) 39(1) NILR < :> accessed 7 May 2021 [4] Ohio Bell Tel. Co. v. Public Utils Commn, 301 U.S. 292 (1937) [5] 253 U.S. 287 (1920) [6] Human Rights Act, 1998 [7] H Davis, ‘The Right to a Fair Hearing’ (Bournemouth 2014) <> accessed 13 May 2021 [8] D.D. Basu, Commentary on the Constitution of India (9th ed., vol 1, LexisNexis India 2014) [9] Morgan v. United States, 304 U.S. 1 (1938) [10] Cafeteria & Restaurant Workers v. McElroy367 U.S. 886 (1961) [11] Ridge v. Baldwin [1964] AC 40 [12] Swati Jhaweri, ‘Right to a fair hearing in administrative law cases’, The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Comparative Constitutional Law (Oct 2016) < :> accessed 10 May 2021 [13] Ibid 5 [14] Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, (1978) 1 SCC 248 [15] Nathaniel Nathanson, ‘The Right to Fair Hearing in Indian, English and American Administrative Law’ (1959) 4(1) JILI <> accessed 10 May 2021 [16] Ola Johan Settem, Applications of the Fair Hearing Norm in ECHR Article 6(1) Proceedings, (Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016) [17] Edward Rubin, ‘Due Process and the Administrative State’ (1984) 72(6) CLR <> accessed 2 May 2021 [18] Lydia Kerketta, ‘Audi Alteram Partem: The right to a fair hearing’ (Legal Services India) <> accessed 14 May 2021 [19] Ibid 5 [20] Ibid 9 [21] Ibid 12 [22] M.J. Sivani v. State of Karnataka, (1995) 6 SCC 289 [23] S A de Smith, ‘The Right to a Hearing in English Administrative Law’ (1955) 68 Harv L Rev 569 [24] Local Government Board v. Arlidge [1915] AC 120 [HL] [25] Gullapalli Nageshwar Rao v. A.P. State Transport Corpn., 1959 Supp (1) SCR 319 [26] Ibid 6 [27] H.L. Trehan v. Union of India, (1989) 1 SCC 764 [28] I. P. Massey, Administrative Law (8th ed. Eastern Book Company, 2012) [29] Ibid 5 [30] Ibid 25 [31] P. Leelakrishnan, Mini S. ‘Procedural Fairness in Administrative Decision Making’ (2017) 59(4) JILI < :> accessed 6 May 2021 Continue Reading Green Planet36 mins ago Climate change could spark floods in world’s largest desert lake Reports3 hours ago Intelligence5 hours ago Environment7 hours ago Western Indian Ocean region has declared 550,000 square kilometers as protected Green Planet11 hours ago Six things you can do to bring back mangroves Development13 hours ago Green Planet15 hours ago
[ 13313, 351, 514, 198, 198, 24274, 3854, 198, 198, 2943, 17184, 14598, 319, 18391, 2489, 11, 2592, 46415, 628, 198, 198, 464, 3427, 11680, 319, 5524, 6923, 11, 39067, 287, 262, 614, 24217, 11, 4920, 262, 3427, 3078, 286, 5524, 6923, 284, 564, 250, 641, 495, 262, 3799, 590, 286, 262, 40588, 21846, 416, 262, 3334, 17453, 278, 32024, 13, 447, 251, 58, 16, 60, 383, 11680, 11, 15734, 1900, 355, 262, 11680, 329, 262, 9985, 286, 5524, 6923, 290, 49983, 38728, 3150, 11, 373, 17814, 284, 1805, 262, 4096, 5524, 6923, 286, 262, 661, 11, 416, 8840, 13657, 5394, 832, 262, 3427, 3078, 13, 554, 2031, 11, 262, 7869, 905, 326, 262, 1271, 286, 7040, 7186, 422, 10241, 468, 587, 1290, 1342, 621, 883, 287, 584, 33431, 13, 2102, 11, 612, 389, 35797, 1626, 262, 2678, 286, 262, 15549, 3693, 17, 60, 10172, 807, 286, 262, 11680, 7529, 351, 262, 36551, 14070, 6923, 290, 3206, 1535, 287, 2407, 257, 3154, 5642, 3693, 18, 60, 383, 13182, 83, 17184, 468, 8879, 319, 2428, 286, 1771, 257, 6498, 284, 46415, 7160, 739, 10172, 807, 58, 19, 60, 290, 1771, 262, 31076, 468, 257, 826, 284, 1204, 739, 10172, 362, 58, 20, 60, 3693, 21, 60, 383, 3078, 468, 8879, 326, 46415, 318, 407, 257, 826, 739, 262, 11680, 11, 290, 12891, 612, 318, 645, 43440, 826, 284, 423, 58, 22, 60, 393, 3357, 58, 23, 60, 4826, 5817, 13, 2102, 11, 287, 257, 20533, 2551, 286, 350, 13, 290, 311, 13, 410, 13, 12873, 11, 262, 3078, 4893, 326, 17033, 262, 2585, 1244, 5409, 262, 5917, 739, 543, 46415, 743, 307, 10431, 3693, 24, 60, 2080, 2461, 284, 262, 826, 284, 1204, 286, 257, 31076, 11, 262, 3078, 2714, 326, 262, 31076, 857, 407, 2883, 281, 564, 246, 48546, 826, 284, 1204, 13, 447, 247, 58, 940, 60, 2102, 11, 262, 3078, 1718, 257, 17963, 88, 3164, 287, 1034, 3191, 2252, 326, 780, 10241, 2314, 307, 531, 284, 307, 5000, 739, 262, 716, 2545, 286, 262, 564, 246, 19734, 1204, 286, 262, 2802, 11, 447, 247, 262, 31076, 857, 423, 2489, 739, 1728, 5917, 3693, 1157, 60, 6660, 11, 340, 318, 10678, 326, 262, 3078, 373, 19084, 284, 564, 250, 2958, 572, 262, 13990, 447, 251, 284, 5963, 262, 3657, 3519, 284, 46415, 3693, 1065, 60, 198, 198, 4863, 262, 614, 4343, 31719, 11, 10172, 807, 468, 587, 16173, 287, 257, 27931, 5642, 884, 326, 340, 318, 407, 655, 262, 1181, 447, 247, 82, 12990, 284, 4155, 326, 777, 2489, 389, 407, 13998, 11, 475, 635, 11, 326, 262, 1181, 2753, 617, 564, 246, 24561, 2223, 447, 247, 284, 2461, 884, 2489, 3693, 1485, 60, 770, 27990, 2223, 22068, 287, 734, 7445, 12, 262, 717, 318, 810, 262, 1181, 2223, 19047, 326, 777, 2489, 389, 14462, 290, 262, 1218, 326, 262, 1181, 468, 281, 23526, 7077, 284, 1805, 3925, 422, 13694, 286, 884, 2489, 3693, 1415, 60, 317, 35268, 1672, 286, 262, 717, 3074, 561, 307, 262, 1339, 286, 371, 13, 49, 13, 410, 13, 12873, 58, 1314, 4357, 22881, 262, 3078, 2714, 340, 284, 307, 257, 5287, 319, 262, 636, 286, 262, 1181, 286, 12873, 618, 262, 11301, 6699, 262, 16919, 281, 7950, 11, 2592, 618, 262, 17564, 10241, 3214, 739, 262, 716, 2545, 286, 46415, 739, 262, 15945, 3854, 3693, 1433, 60, 383, 1218, 3074, 460, 307, 18542, 832, 262, 20533, 1339, 286, 317, 13, 33, 13, 290, 327, 13, 410, 13, 7517, 58, 1558, 60, 810, 262, 3427, 3078, 2714, 287, 2661, 286, 27931, 826, 739, 10172, 807, 326, 36794, 257, 7077, 319, 262, 1181, 284, 2148, 4465, 290, 9857, 9021, 326, 1249, 257, 2415, 284, 4474, 607, 826, 284, 257, 20785, 7950, 287, 7517, 3693, 1507, 60, 3827, 262, 812, 867, 1339, 3640, 9524, 326, 262, 3427, 3078, 4344, 912, 257, 27931, 3164, 3371, 262, 7950, 2489, 284, 15959, 663, 1964, 10904, 654, 58, 1129, 4357, 284, 4691, 262, 31778, 290, 262, 12471, 12936, 11, 423, 1282, 510, 11, 290, 2045, 379, 262, 22942, 286, 777, 1339, 3657, 1863, 351, 262, 7915, 30137, 287, 24895, 3519, 284, 46415, 11, 262, 23082, 286, 884, 1339, 3640, 2314, 307, 21941, 13, 198, 198, 1722, 7455, 14783, 46, 6592, 5, 39607, 45913, 575, 5669, 22956, 1034, 500, 784, 3167, 17128, 14218, 286, 1466, 422, 262, 2961, 6980, 284, 262, 1729, 12, 66, 2360, 528, 590, 286, 18391, 2489, 355, 5524, 6923, 11, 2031, 468, 587, 262, 28034, 12, 1350, 11258, 286, 262, 22364, 3917, 351, 1466, 3693, 1238, 60, 632, 373, 407, 1566, 262, 12695, 286, 262, 24217, 11680, 286, 2031, 618, 262, 2597, 286, 1466, 2067, 5609, 351, 2461, 284, 14218, 2489, 290, 18391, 2489, 1165, 13, 383, 3078, 2826, 262, 662, 12, 1040, 32968, 22364, 290, 19556, 49849, 286, 5279, 287, 262, 5482, 65, 286, 884, 10393, 1339, 3657, 13, 383, 2187, 2126, 286, 10172, 807, 739, 543, 262, 18391, 2489, 389, 33719, 2004, 11, 4179, 262, 1989, 286, 1466, 447, 247, 82, 3206, 871, 290, 18391, 4925, 691, 284, 262, 564, 246, 29067, 31798, 13, 447, 247, 770, 3164, 286, 32301, 803, 7531, 1692, 2489, 656, 257, 2839, 16558, 22625, 284, 262, 1171, 12, 19734, 4384, 355, 3181, 284, 1657, 416, 32719, 4100, 42, 45067, 3693, 2481, 60, 12130, 26654, 406, 22311, 31329, 7228, 884, 281, 3164, 4457, 15833, 329, 734, 3840, 13, 41039, 780, 28267, 18391, 2489, 284, 257, 2839, 16558, 22625, 284, 262, 13204, 1917, 286, 262, 3685, 11, 5076, 11, 290, 5110, 1291, 388, 292, 5924, 416, 1466, 1626, 511, 898, 4172, 329, 22868, 12695, 625, 302, 1723, 262, 1200, 13, 34276, 11, 884, 281, 3164, 635, 2352, 9010, 262, 1181, 284, 1011, 10017, 4831, 329, 262, 27647, 286, 18391, 2489, 13, 1318, 1525, 1642, 46415, 290, 20728, 257, 564, 246, 19734, 447, 247, 2071, 287, 543, 262, 1181, 468, 645, 910, 3693, 1828, 60, 198, 198, 10265, 262, 20533, 2663, 286, 371, 13, 49, 13, 410, 13, 12873, 58, 1954, 60, 290, 350, 13, 1222, 311, 13, 410, 13, 12873, 58, 1731, 60, 423, 587, 33719, 2004, 416, 262, 3078, 287, 262, 2565, 286, 26246, 329, 262, 7195, 326, 262, 2415, 318, 1016, 832, 13, 770, 8689, 3190, 24245, 262, 6921, 3572, 286, 1466, 284, 423, 1729, 12, 260, 27781, 1714, 13, 383, 3078, 10859, 22090, 257, 38082, 2569, 3164, 284, 262, 2585, 9305, 262, 27931, 24590, 274, 287, 11301, 11, 12839, 40991, 262, 15735, 22364, 17086, 1466, 597, 4086, 625, 511, 5920, 3693, 1495, 60, 2080, 262, 3092, 286, 8187, 3657, 319, 18391, 2489, 290, 46415, 583, 384, 11, 47963, 19630, 318, 783, 257, 2219, 10733, 22881, 11409, 9549, 11, 393, 6712, 11148, 284, 2148, 18391, 1535, 1337, 2594, 1912, 319, 511, 4158, 393, 6573, 9056, 3693, 2075, 60, 2893, 4158, 9056, 389, 2219, 11, 6573, 9056, 8076, 319, 257, 881, 11622, 965, 21307, 11, 2592, 287, 12873, 290, 8031, 11, 351, 564, 246, 16186, 396, 447, 247, 290, 564, 246, 47, 1313, 10254, 396, 447, 247, 9056, 852, 262, 749, 2219, 407, 655, 15074, 475, 379, 1944, 355, 880, 13, 383, 19848, 393, 9668, 10254, 396, 9056, 8138, 1466, 329, 564, 246, 343, 20310, 1729, 12, 260, 25493, 11, 447, 247, 543, 22625, 284, 262, 8689, 286, 884, 1466, 852, 3098, 12, 14648, 1023, 780, 484, 389, 28267, 2440, 21573, 11, 543, 318, 2672, 284, 564, 246, 21928, 262, 3277, 13, 447, 247, 770, 18391, 13214, 468, 640, 290, 757, 2058, 287, 262, 835, 286, 281, 8889, 286, 900, 3657, 326, 5963, 1466, 447, 247, 82, 18391, 2489, 11, 1390, 7950, 3958, 3693, 1983, 60, 370, 5282, 2735, 29873, 11, 257, 14314, 11276, 11, 40847, 287, 18391, 290, 1535, 2489, 422, 12873, 11, 1034, 1127, 326, 2031, 857, 407, 423, 10017, 5520, 319, 18391, 2489, 290, 46415, 290, 2427, 49862, 287, 777, 3006, 832, 2478, 31378, 13, 2332, 2050, 18978, 428, 3092, 286, 5520, 11, 407, 257, 47860, 16552, 1463, 475, 2138, 281, 773, 13221, 1590, 284, 1833, 262, 2428, 1088, 5279, 10537, 287, 262, 15549, 13, 8386, 3657, 287, 2031, 2710, 6442, 1088, 262, 3721, 286, 4961, 1414, 355, 262, 691, 3416, 415, 286, 7531, 1692, 2489, 286, 1466, 13, 20247, 12, 3106, 8839, 290, 12891, 18391, 2489, 389, 407, 3177, 355, 1692, 2489, 355, 884, 3693, 2078, 60, 198, 198, 58, 16, 60, 14466, 10172, 678, 286, 262, 412, 37846, 13, 198, 198, 58, 17, 60, 5121, 13, 379, 1478, 13, 628, 198, 58, 19, 60, 23720, 22489, 7058, 3981, 1040, 23133, 68, 7058, 410, 13, 19101, 685, 15916, 4357, 645, 13, 1467, 38339, 14, 2999, 11, 13182, 83, 17184, 5472, 26, 350, 13, 290, 311, 13, 410, 13, 12873, 11, 645, 13, 642, 4790, 2425, 14, 2919, 11, 13182, 83, 17184, 2211, 13, 198, 198, 58, 20, 60, 20687, 410, 4881, 685, 15916, 4357, 645, 13, 642, 2670, 1731, 14, 405, 11, 8460, 1795, 11, 13182, 83, 17184, 5472, 13, 198, 198, 58, 21, 60, 27, 29, 17535, 319, 7643, 13, 2998, 13, 1129, 13, 198, 198, 58, 22, 60, 23720, 22489, 7058, 3981, 1040, 23133, 68, 7058, 410, 13, 19101, 685, 15916, 4357, 645, 13, 1467, 38339, 14, 2999, 11, 13182, 83, 17184, 5472, 13, 198, 198, 58, 23, 60, 11320, 12, 28821, 13281, 14235, 410, 13, 15664, 11, 645, 13, 1367, 41580, 14, 5332, 11, 412, 11215, 17184, 12122, 13, 198, 198, 58, 24, 60, 350, 13, 290, 311, 13, 410, 13, 12873, 11, 645, 13, 642, 4790, 2425, 14, 2919, 11, 13182, 83, 17184, 2211, 13, 198, 198, 58, 940, 60, 1395, 410, 1578, 7526, 11, 645, 13, 5705, 1433, 14, 3720, 11, 13182, 76, 17184, 7169, 13, 198, 198, 58, 1157, 60, 20687, 410, 4881, 685, 15916, 4357, 645, 13, 642, 2670, 1731, 14, 405, 11, 8460, 1795, 11, 13182, 83, 17184, 5472, 13, 198, 198, 58, 1065, 60, 5302, 7697, 399, 16455, 805, 11, 564, 246, 2964, 771, 1523, 7950, 2489, 25, 7517, 290, 262, 3427, 3078, 286, 5524, 6923, 447, 247, 11, 36551, 14070, 3893, 30587, 11, 4709, 13, 2534, 11, 1400, 13, 5846, 11, 8554, 262, 1099, 290, 262, 8028, 357, 21159, 1946, 828, 9788, 13, 2534, 12, 1270, 1279, 29, 17535, 319, 7643, 13, 2998, 13, 1129, 13, 198, 198, 58, 1485, 60, 27, 29, 17535, 319, 7643, 13, 2998, 13, 1129, 13, 198, 198, 58, 1415, 60, 27593, 11, 2635, 1222, 46, 3304, 11, 564, 246, 1169, 3427, 11680, 319, 5524, 6923, 447, 247, 11, 13643, 2059, 4332, 11, 604, 400, 8313, 11, 3050, 11, 279, 13, 35989, 13, 198, 198, 58, 1314, 60, 371, 13, 49, 13, 410, 13, 12873, 11, 15678, 1400, 13, 38147, 1558, 14, 3023, 11, 36554, 13, 43166, 13, 367, 13, 49, 13, 357, 9804, 737, 198, 198, 58, 1433, 60, 5121, 13, 379, 2242, 13, 198, 198, 58, 1558, 60, 317, 11, 347, 11, 290, 327, 410, 13, 7517, 11, 685, 10333, 60, 412, 13, 34, 13, 39, 13, 49, 13, 1160, 2624, 11, 36554, 13, 43166, 13, 367, 13, 49, 13, 198, 198, 58, 1507, 60, 5121, 13, 379, 2242, 13, 198, 198, 58, 1129, 60, 5121, 13, 379, 2242, 13, 198, 198, 58, 1238, 60, 32304, 14783, 46, 6592, 5, 39607, 45913, 575, 5669, 11, 564, 246, 447, 250, 48081, 447, 251, 554, 383, 3427, 5524, 6923, 4482, 25, 1374, 1148, 383, 36551, 14070, 6923, 23383, 271, 1050, 42581, 3226, 383, 3427, 3078, 3226, 5524, 6923, 28407, 278, 28390, 2929, 3226, 6926, 447, 247, 82, 47002, 30, 447, 247, 11, 9309, 4913, 286, 20247, 290, 3854, 13, 1279, 29, 17535, 319, 7643, 13, 2998, 13, 1129, 13, 198, 198, 58, 2481, 60, 22132, 402, 615, 1653, 11, 564, 246, 37, 14857, 1042, 290, 262, 5094, 14, 29067, 4307, 9438, 447, 247, 11, 13863, 3854, 6602, 4709, 13, 4153, 11, 1400, 13, 352, 357, 20795, 1539, 9768, 828, 9788, 13, 352, 12, 2231, 357, 2231, 5468, 8, 198, 198, 58, 1828, 60, 5121, 13, 379, 3261, 13, 198, 198, 58, 1954, 60, 5121, 13, 379, 2608, 13, 198, 198, 58, 1731, 60, 5121, 13, 379, 1160, 13, 198, 198, 58, 1495, 60, 5121, 13, 379, 3261, 13, 198, 198, 58, 2075, 60, 33673, 1168, 696, 292, 11, 1395, 320, 8107, 843, 295, 12, 40, 20235, 89, 11, 564, 246, 9444, 43037, 19630, 284, 3206, 290, 18391, 1535, 2594, 25, 3230, 1692, 2489, 5423, 290, 3427, 1099, 290, 3357, 447, 247, 11, 3427, 3989, 286, 3893, 3854, 2321, 13, 1279, 29, 17535, 319, 7643, 13, 2998, 13, 1129, 13, 198, 198, 58, 1983, 60, 32357, 1565, 4535, 50029, 6535, 1847, 11, 564, 246, 6207, 2076, 14070, 3948, 590, 287, 262, 968, 2031, 25, 3082, 13629, 569, 3279, 286, 3461, 1483, 11, 36851, 17224, 290, 5200, 2596, 864, 7820, 447, 247, 11, 32898, 2770, 4913, 286, 3427, 22449, 942, 11, 4709, 13, 2242, 11, 1400, 13, 352, 11, 3336, 41636, 2149, 376, 4503, 2937, 25, 17346, 11, 4333, 290, 7820, 287, 262, 968, 2031, 357, 4967, 828, 9788, 13, 7863, 12, 4304, 11, 1279, 1875, 17535, 319, 8702, 13, 2998, 13, 1129, 198, 198, 58, 2078, 60, 370, 5282, 2735, 29873, 11, 564, 246, 49161, 290, 18391, 2489, 290, 262, 1692, 2489, 8666, 25, 8381, 290, 24163, 447, 247, 11, 36551, 14070, 3893, 30587, 11, 4709, 13, 678, 11, 1400, 13, 4353, 11, 1432, 6212, 291, 1710, 3206, 290, 18391, 1535, 290, 2489, 357, 21159, 2813, 828, 9788, 13, 15136, 12, 12762, 29847, 29, 48547, 319, 8702, 13, 2998, 13, 1129, 13, 198, 198, 6, 464, 6434, 318, 257, 5544, 614, 1099, 3710, 379, 49816, 8060, 3854, 3961, 11, 3794, 351, 257, 13795, 1393, 287, 4037, 21153, 290, 6926, 6923, 13, 198, 198, 29453, 11725, 198, 198, 24274, 3854, 198, 198, 42747, 42791, 18660, 25, 317, 17684, 14691, 1482, 41981, 4037, 3854, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 198, 29453, 11725, 198, 198, 24274, 3854, 198, 198, 2061, 423, 356, 26338, 287, 262, 1613, 4289, 30, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 198, 15784, 4058, 628, 628, 628, 198, 464, 10898, 628, 628, 198, 198, 29453, 11725, 198, 198, 24274, 3854, 198, 198, 24274, 11220, 82, 1550, 7011, 34663, 25, 383, 8913, 286, 1294, 11, 3482, 290, 3794, 628, 198, 198, 30099, 4854, 290, 663, 4847, 423, 587, 257, 50180, 24163, 2071, 287, 11553, 1099, 13, 383, 826, 284, 3148, 4854, 468, 16083, 587, 281, 35669, 4843, 286, 262, 3173, 286, 3288, 5316, 13, 9765, 306, 11, 262, 826, 284, 257, 3148, 4854, 4909, 286, 1811, 4847, 1390, 475, 407, 3614, 284, 262, 826, 284, 257, 1479, 290, 3148, 1171, 4854, 11, 262, 826, 284, 281, 4795, 290, 32521, 30105, 290, 262, 826, 284, 1944, 379, 281, 12886, 4854, 13, 2102, 11, 981, 3148, 4854, 19444, 8159, 689, 287, 262, 22698, 1478, 290, 2310, 286, 262, 11784, 287, 3794, 11, 4916, 290, 3482, 12854, 340, 736, 284, 262, 642, 400, 8441, 286, 262, 1294, 7965, 58, 16, 60, 290, 7275, 718, 286, 262, 3427, 11680, 319, 5524, 6923, 58, 17, 60, 8148, 13, 6660, 11, 262, 4847, 286, 3148, 4854, 287, 262, 1578, 1829, 286, 2253, 11, 262, 1578, 7526, 290, 3794, 24242, 27120, 284, 777, 9758, 13991, 13, 2312, 5400, 788, 18101, 27120, 284, 10084, 13657, 26146, 543, 389, 1912, 319, 1180, 5087, 1390, 10907, 11, 640, 290, 262, 761, 284, 3368, 3318, 2062, 12765, 11553, 1099, 1642, 13, 198, 198, 8332, 777, 5400, 11, 3148, 4854, 3793, 281, 1593, 9079, 287, 262, 1429, 286, 11553, 33719, 3299, 290, 19047, 326, 790, 1048, 852, 5676, 416, 257, 2551, 318, 7520, 257, 4854, 878, 339, 21046, 42959, 13, 6660, 11, 340, 318, 1593, 326, 3148, 4854, 3793, 281, 19765, 20915, 3026, 826, 981, 4305, 2383, 14130, 284, 1981, 2585, 284, 11206, 1180, 27931, 19444, 329, 8472, 3512, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 3348, 12031, 284, 1833, 262, 4847, 286, 3148, 4854, 287, 1115, 25281, 11, 14811, 1294, 11, 3482, 290, 3794, 13, 28386, 11, 340, 717, 11589, 20675, 262, 15587, 286, 262, 3721, 286, 3148, 4854, 287, 11553, 1099, 290, 788, 7135, 82, 340, 866, 284, 4547, 262, 6954, 286, 262, 826, 287, 262, 1115, 2678, 13, 5498, 11, 262, 3348, 1838, 257, 6496, 14521, 286, 262, 1180, 4847, 286, 3148, 4854, 287, 1294, 11, 3482, 290, 3794, 11, 21769, 262, 20594, 290, 262, 5400, 13, 770, 9018, 13504, 262, 24195, 290, 10828, 19444, 8104, 866, 287, 262, 1115, 2678, 287, 428, 2754, 13, 36778, 11, 340, 5734, 28025, 262, 13530, 286, 262, 3942, 9495, 286, 3148, 4854, 287, 13593, 11553, 2428, 290, 16723, 364, 625, 262, 761, 284, 8804, 422, 1294, 290, 3482, 25281, 287, 428, 2754, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 18978, 416, 302, 368, 5902, 1710, 262, 6817, 286, 262, 826, 284, 3148, 4854, 290, 703, 262, 5400, 287, 262, 3148, 4854, 29251, 286, 262, 1115, 2678, 2173, 284, 1180, 11553, 8665, 290, 7572, 13, 628, 198, 464, 19444, 286, 3288, 5316, 547, 6198, 10893, 287, 2219, 1099, 2678, 355, 5288, 5423, 286, 3148, 2551, 1642, 523, 355, 284, 4155, 326, 5920, 393, 6506, 564, 246, 529, 2553, 291, 1927, 447, 247, 13, 383, 3288, 5316, 19444, 547, 1568, 47543, 656, 734, 3173, 25, 262, 3896, 1028, 10690, 290, 262, 826, 284, 257, 3148, 4854, 13, 2102, 11, 981, 3427, 7027, 5670, 517, 319, 1729, 12, 1676, 771, 1523, 7612, 884, 355, 12934, 290, 3376, 2742, 14607, 11, 262, 1294, 5617, 3078, 11189, 319, 4547, 3148, 4854, 19444, 355, 564, 246, 1169, 12799, 286, 262, 7791, 286, 6149, 12354, 447, 247, 58, 18, 4083, 770, 318, 3580, 318, 45934, 355, 5679, 12, 198, 198, 464, 4238, 8233, 5114, 319, 3148, 4854, 287, 262, 1294, 1247, 445, 319, 2233, 1429, 19444, 13, 1114, 4554, 11, 262, 8028, 287, 15502, 695, 410, 13, 33940, 58, 19, 60, 290, 6835, 6916, 5638, 1766, 3693, 20, 60, 30169, 326, 2233, 1429, 19444, 10893, 4569, 27931, 8733, 355, 880, 355, 4112, 7095, 319, 262, 5635, 286, 11553, 5920, 13, 1550, 262, 584, 1021, 11, 262, 5524, 6923, 2191, 7795, 58, 21, 60, 287, 3482, 3607, 1245, 284, 262, 10172, 718, 286, 262, 3427, 11680, 319, 5524, 6923, 543, 24183, 262, 19444, 329, 257, 3148, 4854, 13, 383, 4847, 286, 3148, 4854, 287, 3482, 37962, 422, 10172, 718, 286, 412, 37846, 1249, 8433, 403, 874, 284, 423, 11091, 14130, 287, 14523, 9867, 290, 22688, 25568, 3007, 13, 2102, 11, 484, 389, 2938, 284, 24963, 564, 250, 11802, 5316, 447, 251, 19444, 2592, 618, 2263, 5370, 326, 3264, 2689, 262, 564, 250, 1455, 30233, 9027, 447, 251, 286, 257, 1230, 1767, 58, 22, 4083, 5624, 198, 198, 464, 3942, 11553, 1099, 18533, 40504, 8343, 321, 636, 368, 393, 262, 826, 407, 284, 307, 15006, 36511, 284, 307, 281, 6393, 39384, 286, 3288, 5316, 19444, 13, 28386, 11, 262, 826, 284, 3148, 4854, 11, 3584, 407, 11777, 3560, 515, 319, 11, 468, 587, 14245, 22804, 287, 22698, 1478, 290, 2310, 286, 262, 3942, 7965, 13, 7735, 11, 3148, 4854, 19444, 6211, 1811, 1180, 2489, 20915, 832, 2972, 13657, 8555, 658, 1312, 13, 68, 13, 826, 284, 4003, 11, 826, 284, 1944, 1339, 290, 2370, 11, 37857, 2551, 3503, 13, 383, 19444, 423, 635, 2810, 329, 1728, 13269, 287, 262, 11553, 1099, 543, 1296, 2742, 9384, 329, 14928, 262, 3586, 286, 3148, 4854, 19444, 13, 2102, 11, 612, 318, 645, 3892, 73, 8317, 10451, 329, 663, 12123, 290, 340, 8338, 319, 262, 1948, 5917, 286, 281, 11553, 1099, 1339, 58, 23, 4083, 198, 198, 19093, 11, 340, 743, 307, 7189, 326, 262, 3148, 4854, 19444, 286, 262, 1115, 2678, 423, 550, 1180, 15587, 4145, 1180, 8904, 23862, 13, 1114, 4554, 11, 981, 3594, 290, 3942, 3657, 466, 407, 423, 2276, 2233, 1429, 5359, 329, 477, 21850, 2223, 13891, 2839, 4290, 11, 340, 318, 2407, 262, 10388, 287, 262, 1294, 1099, 13, 27251, 11, 3148, 4854, 16047, 663, 10112, 2161, 1799, 287, 564, 246, 75, 8369, 7077, 2402, 2506, 508, 13267, 2279, 447, 247, 13, 1849, 628, 198, 46, 5469, 284, 1180, 15587, 290, 11553, 1099, 47220, 11, 262, 3148, 4854, 19444, 286, 3482, 11, 1294, 290, 3794, 13788, 13238, 422, 530, 1194, 13, 1114, 4554, 11, 262, 1294, 19444, 3512, 326, 257, 2151, 407, 691, 307, 1813, 3663, 284, 1944, 2370, 11, 475, 3142, 284, 760, 262, 3667, 286, 12330, 2151, 355, 880, 355, 1826, 606, 13, 5845, 508, 8414, 1230, 3667, 287, 257, 32551, 12, 46769, 18788, 389, 2938, 284, 307, 7981, 286, 1230, 11628, 290, 2982, 319, 606, 878, 262, 2457, 1502, 58, 24, 4083, 15298, 11, 262, 1294, 1099, 857, 407, 9149, 257, 826, 284, 12886, 4854, 739, 3148, 4854, 19444, 290, 13267, 2402, 340, 319, 257, 1339, 284, 1339, 4308, 13, 198, 198, 5167, 11003, 11, 262, 7965, 286, 262, 1294, 11, 287, 663, 642, 400, 8441, 11, 635, 857, 407, 9149, 257, 4473, 2099, 4854, 287, 790, 21850, 1167, 7861, 286, 2839, 2489, 58, 940, 4083, 1114, 777, 3840, 11, 11553, 5920, 884, 355, 262, 7511, 6923, 4513, 466, 407, 8178, 262, 826, 284, 7239, 393, 3272, 10716, 11432, 355, 484, 691, 4691, 355, 19384, 5920, 290, 787, 645, 33719, 3736, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1944, 19444, 319, 3148, 4854, 287, 1578, 7526, 743, 307, 23246, 284, 262, 8492, 287, 20614, 410, 13, 26402, 58, 1157, 60, 543, 9958, 11090, 278, 262, 11553, 290, 9224, 28673, 2870, 9176, 286, 2551, 1642, 5920, 290, 2900, 284, 262, 7141, 2695, 286, 262, 13121, 1187, 447, 247, 2489, 13, 383, 8492, 6875, 326, 262, 16919, 287, 281, 11553, 1099, 1339, 743, 8814, 319, 3161, 9829, 9027, 326, 262, 1099, 481, 32363, 287, 262, 8889, 286, 3753, 85, 11608, 18506, 13, 770, 17507, 743, 15058, 503, 286, 597, 3161, 1781, 286, 3189, 416, 262, 4640, 5920, 287, 2754, 284, 262, 16919, 447, 247, 82, 1339, 13, 383, 9224, 28673, 2870, 1767, 481, 788, 423, 284, 5004, 262, 2748, 2695, 286, 262, 826, 832, 777, 9829, 9027, 58, 1065, 4083, 2102, 11, 262, 412, 37846, 543, 318, 262, 4308, 329, 262, 3482, 3148, 4854, 19444, 3830, 866, 1115, 10270, 7811, 326, 389, 284, 307, 6646, 35413, 351, 13, 2312, 389, 262, 7989, 286, 25923, 3513, 11, 262, 564, 246, 48203, 286, 5101, 447, 247, 2593, 290, 262, 16907, 36098, 7989, 13, 198, 198, 818, 3794, 11, 262, 3721, 286, 3148, 4854, 318, 257, 6547, 27468, 530, 290, 743, 407, 307, 7763, 1626, 597, 7141, 6770, 13, 6660, 11, 612, 389, 645, 35669, 5423, 286, 1738, 23117, 9449, 326, 423, 284, 307, 35413, 351, 2845, 326, 262, 18346, 286, 262, 2184, 815, 307, 11378, 326, 262, 1048, 508, 481, 307, 5676, 416, 257, 2551, 468, 550, 257, 3148, 2863, 286, 17101, 262, 1948, 4934, 58, 1485, 4083, 2102, 11, 262, 5617, 3078, 286, 3794, 468, 635, 28464, 326, 262, 7811, 286, 3288, 5316, 3512, 326, 257, 5288, 3148, 8771, 307, 1464, 3940, 13, 770, 5288, 3148, 8771, 318, 11, 2158, 11, 329, 262, 2184, 284, 5004, 1912, 319, 262, 1948, 6419, 290, 5917, 286, 262, 1339, 13, 27251, 11, 262, 2184, 468, 832, 24195, 884, 355, 1869, 38001, 22081, 410, 13, 4479, 286, 3794, 58, 1415, 60, 15024, 29997, 22692, 8174, 271, 1050, 42581, 287, 2754, 284, 262, 3026, 2489, 286, 257, 9511, 13, 28386, 11, 617, 7270, 19444, 329, 3148, 4854, 326, 262, 30461, 468, 8104, 866, 625, 262, 812, 2291, 25, 2551, 16009, 284, 307, 2029, 10690, 11, 761, 284, 1181, 3840, 3503, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1578, 7526, 11, 262, 1578, 1829, 290, 3794, 477, 2121, 287, 262, 6536, 286, 2219, 14298, 7027, 13, 2102, 11, 511, 2742, 25879, 290, 3148, 4854, 26226, 389, 7498, 416, 3094, 5400, 13, 1114, 4554, 11, 981, 262, 3482, 1099, 13692, 319, 257, 3614, 13478, 286, 262, 19444, 286, 3288, 5316, 11, 262, 1294, 1099, 318, 14553, 287, 262, 3721, 286, 27931, 2233, 1429, 58, 1314, 4083, 2102, 11, 981, 1294, 1838, 779, 286, 262, 826, 284, 4003, 290, 826, 284, 307, 2982, 284, 2252, 262, 4096, 9758, 19026, 286, 262, 4800, 286, 1204, 11, 12354, 290, 3119, 11, 3482, 635, 3544, 262, 564, 246, 36153, 286, 19163, 447, 247, 287, 412, 37846, 19444, 284, 9149, 262, 976, 2489, 58, 1433, 4083, 198, 198, 13518, 11, 262, 826, 284, 3148, 4854, 287, 3482, 318, 27462, 3614, 416, 1811, 5087, 12897, 422, 21692, 286, 257, 1339, 284, 35472, 290, 2260, 2324, 13, 1550, 262, 584, 1021, 11, 3584, 612, 2152, 645, 34450, 7095, 319, 2233, 1429, 290, 3148, 4854, 19444, 287, 1294, 11, 262, 5174, 4959, 286, 27931, 2233, 1429, 290, 3896, 286, 1099, 4691, 355, 16992, 7095, 58, 1558, 4083, 198, 198, 2202, 257, 7208, 1022, 5491, 290, 3794, 11, 981, 5491, 468, 42107, 351, 257, 826, 1912, 3164, 878, 8024, 284, 262, 4096, 7989, 286, 22692, 355, 257, 4755, 39384, 286, 3148, 4854, 2428, 11, 3794, 468, 6974, 925, 48172, 6370, 284, 25070, 20693, 22111, 5768, 287, 1502, 284, 12201, 22692, 290, 3288, 5316, 9021, 13, 198, 198, 23216, 11, 262, 3942, 5617, 3078, 468, 5081, 326, 262, 29951, 597, 957, 1483, 31485, 287, 597, 719, 11, 22698, 21056, 290, 31510, 1249, 262, 30461, 284, 2423, 257, 1099, 329, 8747, 286, 3288, 5316, 19444, 58, 1507, 4083, 770, 318, 287, 6273, 351, 1294, 1099, 543, 36833, 1728, 11702, 19444, 422, 262, 1308, 1177, 286, 2233, 1429, 5359, 290, 13657, 2423, 13, 383, 1294, 635, 468, 18397, 19444, 329, 25142, 3148, 4854, 19444, 355, 3688, 284, 3794, 13, 1114, 4554, 11, 981, 262, 1294, 1099, 3578, 329, 663, 1729, 12, 31438, 691, 287, 1729, 12, 320, 13857, 6067, 393, 1141, 19088, 5479, 286, 262, 719, 11, 262, 3942, 5617, 3078, 468, 11189, 326, 40504, 8343, 321, 636, 368, 743, 691, 307, 973, 691, 287, 262, 10245, 286, 262, 8747, 286, 12354, 393, 3119, 6666, 12296, 19019, 1063, 58, 1129, 4083, 198, 198, 26583, 11, 340, 743, 307, 369, 44307, 7189, 326, 262, 3657, 319, 3148, 4854, 287, 262, 1294, 11, 3482, 290, 3794, 389, 1912, 319, 5000, 1180, 23574, 290, 423, 12572, 16062, 11, 4145, 262, 5909, 5400, 13, 628, 198, 3673, 20701, 262, 5400, 1022, 262, 3148, 4854, 19444, 287, 262, 1294, 11, 3482, 290, 3794, 11, 612, 389, 28027, 20594, 27120, 284, 511, 2092, 2219, 1099, 15587, 13, 383, 3148, 4854, 19444, 287, 477, 262, 1115, 2678, 423, 7558, 27324, 290, 423, 9902, 262, 28580, 2126, 286, 22692, 523, 355, 284, 4620, 37063, 81, 10906, 13, 770, 318, 5688, 780, 286, 262, 3288, 1099, 44594, 902, 286, 3925, 326, 2219, 1099, 15421, 423, 44134, 2402, 262, 14568, 13, 7735, 11, 477, 2219, 1099, 25281, 2648, 1919, 2450, 11, 6761, 290, 45934, 15075, 444, 287, 2972, 5107, 13, 6660, 11, 262, 826, 286, 257, 582, 284, 307, 1813, 3148, 3663, 284, 307, 2982, 319, 644, 468, 587, 4260, 1028, 683, 318, 257, 10112, 7989, 287, 477, 2219, 1099, 25281, 290, 12891, 11, 287, 477, 1115, 2678, 11, 14811, 1294, 11, 3482, 290, 3794, 58, 1238, 4083, 198, 198, 28039, 11, 2219, 1099, 2678, 355, 880, 355, 7027, 7463, 739, 262, 12934, 286, 412, 37846, 1312, 13, 68, 13, 3482, 11, 1249, 32551, 12, 46769, 5942, 284, 407, 3190, 11997, 351, 477, 262, 19444, 286, 27931, 22692, 611, 262, 5676, 1048, 468, 597, 38424, 284, 257, 2252, 4854, 393, 5198, 13, 1550, 262, 1808, 286, 13269, 284, 262, 3288, 5316, 19444, 1165, 11, 3482, 290, 3794, 1111, 779, 2092, 5087, 286, 640, 11, 1295, 290, 41979, 3514, 3503, 13, 284, 35520, 511, 3586, 13, 2102, 11, 477, 262, 9723, 13269, 389, 6974, 5397, 415, 498, 290, 407, 39689, 58, 2481, 4083, 198, 198, 13518, 11, 1194, 2219, 1099, 2593, 8197, 416, 477, 262, 1115, 2678, 318, 262, 9079, 329, 33719, 12364, 5920, 284, 2148, 3840, 329, 262, 5370, 484, 787, 13, 554, 3794, 11, 7077, 284, 2148, 3840, 355, 257, 9079, 286, 3148, 4854, 19444, 11, 772, 287, 262, 8889, 286, 20693, 8617, 11, 318, 257, 5052, 12, 9727, 1099, 58, 1828, 4083, 554, 3482, 11, 262, 2665, 1105, 286, 262, 10841, 403, 874, 290, 17193, 18561, 2191, 11, 22717, 4433, 606, 284, 2148, 351, 3840, 691, 618, 262, 4671, 1265, 329, 606, 13, 2102, 11, 612, 318, 783, 257, 13657, 5182, 329, 13902, 326, 33568, 262, 11553, 4773, 284, 2148, 3840, 287, 477, 5917, 58, 1954, 4083, 9461, 11, 287, 1294, 1165, 11, 7275, 807, 7, 65, 8, 286, 262, 30048, 34997, 2191, 11, 22717, 33568, 11553, 5942, 284, 1577, 3840, 329, 511, 5370, 13, 198, 198, 6610, 1593, 26789, 1022, 262, 3148, 4854, 19444, 318, 262, 7989, 286, 564, 246, 505, 508, 13267, 1276, 3285, 447, 247, 13, 28386, 11, 3482, 447, 247, 82, 2097, 286, 18651, 287, 943, 75, 3130, 58, 1731, 4357, 262, 3942, 30461, 287, 399, 1095, 71, 5767, 48395, 58, 1495, 60, 290, 262, 1294, 5617, 3078, 287, 10805, 410, 13, 1578, 1829, 58, 2075, 60, 423, 925, 1598, 326, 262, 7077, 284, 5409, 257, 1339, 2314, 307, 6157, 416, 2130, 508, 468, 407, 2982, 262, 7159, 393, 2370, 13, 6660, 11, 4556, 340, 3318, 2062, 2299, 16856, 11553, 13106, 11, 530, 11553, 1767, 815, 5409, 257, 1339, 422, 262, 3726, 284, 262, 886, 287, 477, 262, 1115, 2678, 13, 198, 198, 23216, 11, 262, 7989, 286, 1281, 2551, 282, 4854, 468, 587, 3177, 284, 307, 281, 6631, 287, 477, 2219, 1099, 25281, 11, 2592, 1294, 290, 3794, 13, 383, 3942, 5617, 3078, 287, 367, 13, 406, 13, 4700, 7637, 58, 1983, 60, 468, 28464, 326, 1281, 2551, 282, 4854, 815, 407, 850, 2655, 303, 262, 19444, 286, 3288, 5316, 290, 340, 743, 691, 307, 973, 287, 13269, 884, 355, 28922, 286, 1204, 290, 12354, 3503, 13, 15298, 11, 287, 1294, 11, 2233, 1429, 4433, 326, 3252, 4854, 318, 30169, 351, 6152, 3984, 13, 6660, 11, 1281, 2551, 282, 4854, 318, 3142, 691, 287, 262, 1339, 286, 3257, 11734, 286, 1171, 1393, 286, 848, 974, 291, 1799, 290, 6334, 13, 198, 198, 6943, 11003, 11, 287, 477, 1115, 2678, 11, 7811, 286, 3288, 5316, 290, 3148, 4854, 19444, 389, 4001, 284, 10327, 290, 407, 8343, 262, 1099, 13, 1119, 389, 281, 19287, 636, 286, 262, 3721, 286, 922, 18848, 19444, 290, 12891, 11, 597, 1624, 284, 19607, 597, 1948, 11553, 4854, 422, 262, 1308, 1177, 286, 3148, 4854, 19444, 36794, 262, 10538, 284, 5879, 523, 319, 262, 530, 11334, 884, 19328, 58, 2078, 4083, 198, 198, 19093, 11, 340, 743, 307, 8391, 326, 262, 3482, 11, 1294, 290, 3794, 2461, 1728, 4847, 286, 3148, 4854, 355, 5543, 6393, 290, 423, 16560, 606, 656, 262, 1099, 287, 1180, 5107, 13, 383, 1115, 2678, 19059, 777, 20594, 284, 511, 2219, 1099, 15587, 543, 423, 17383, 617, 15421, 290, 6593, 329, 867, 10675, 13, 628, 198, 818, 3794, 11, 612, 318, 645, 20693, 28547, 319, 262, 5288, 9021, 326, 11553, 5942, 423, 284, 11997, 351, 13, 383, 49202, 286, 262, 30461, 468, 4145, 11, 1716, 262, 1266, 30925, 329, 3148, 4854, 290, 27931, 22692, 287, 4457, 8253, 11553, 1099, 2663, 13, 770, 318, 11791, 416, 9758, 8617, 287, 10172, 35592, 286, 262, 3942, 7965, 326, 3769, 262, 826, 284, 4854, 286, 257, 3026, 18807, 618, 339, 318, 4615, 11, 11126, 393, 7741, 287, 4279, 13, 28386, 11, 262, 1048, 5676, 416, 262, 8747, 286, 465, 3026, 2489, 743, 779, 9758, 8617, 393, 262, 5213, 15207, 284, 7267, 7811, 286, 3288, 5316, 1231, 39744, 597, 20226, 393, 3026, 12921, 13, 7735, 11, 262, 9758, 46365, 286, 262, 3288, 5316, 19444, 416, 262, 30461, 468, 30169, 326, 484, 389, 1100, 656, 790, 11553, 1339, 11, 2426, 284, 10293, 507, 13, 1081, 262, 3942, 11553, 1099, 318, 5688, 5052, 12, 9727, 11, 262, 10293, 507, 284, 3288, 5316, 19444, 1312, 13, 68, 13, 32554, 11, 848, 974, 291, 1799, 3503, 1539, 423, 635, 587, 4166, 832, 13657, 8555, 658, 691, 58, 1959, 4083, 198, 198, 23216, 11, 3942, 8028, 423, 925, 1598, 511, 12046, 319, 262, 1245, 286, 597, 11553, 1099, 2551, 925, 287, 8747, 286, 262, 3896, 286, 10690, 13, 383, 4194, 28130, 1981, 393, 1767, 468, 262, 3663, 284, 2453, 884, 2551, 290, 340, 743, 407, 307, 6646, 7951, 13, 770, 13427, 286, 262, 10690, 481, 307, 10762, 284, 423, 587, 1760, 611, 262, 2151, 468, 262, 6921, 3725, 286, 884, 257, 10690, 58, 1270, 4083, 198, 198, 1212, 3781, 1838, 340, 1598, 326, 262, 3942, 11553, 1099, 468, 2972, 4847, 286, 3148, 4854, 326, 389, 3748, 284, 262, 3277, 287, 1180, 2842, 13, 1318, 389, 1310, 3416, 540, 5423, 319, 644, 3148, 4854, 19300, 290, 30461, 468, 9871, 284, 779, 2440, 5423, 287, 2663, 286, 517, 2726, 6948, 13, 2102, 11, 477, 262, 3148, 4854, 19444, 389, 3562, 284, 2948, 4773, 422, 1804, 21942, 58, 3132, 4083, 198, 198, 464, 2029, 3781, 9217, 326, 262, 3942, 11553, 1099, 468, 663, 4553, 290, 3748, 2476, 290, 262, 13657, 8555, 658, 319, 3148, 18921, 389, 9815, 1576, 284, 22668, 2209, 606, 13, 2102, 11, 262, 30461, 2476, 284, 4155, 340, 7622, 1728, 1593, 7811, 319, 3148, 4854, 287, 2000, 13, 1114, 4554, 11, 262, 11519, 1692, 16247, 286, 6506, 878, 262, 8433, 403, 874, 307, 14462, 11, 484, 307, 9080, 284, 5725, 290, 7997, 416, 257, 2742, 8852, 290, 2810, 12872, 3663, 284, 1944, 511, 1339, 11, 1871, 1854, 13, 1849, 628, 198, 464, 4847, 286, 3148, 4854, 287, 262, 1578, 7526, 11, 262, 1578, 1829, 290, 3794, 423, 20973, 290, 12572, 1864, 284, 262, 1981, 11553, 2476, 286, 262, 1115, 7027, 13, 1114, 4554, 11, 981, 1294, 1099, 9944, 17424, 319, 2233, 1429, 19444, 1912, 287, 262, 642, 400, 11326, 11, 262, 3482, 290, 3942, 3657, 389, 8603, 5670, 319, 6276, 11553, 5359, 884, 355, 262, 2742, 20069, 286, 257, 1767, 284, 6004, 257, 1339, 13, 383, 3942, 11553, 1099, 318, 287, 663, 11212, 3800, 290, 4145, 468, 13923, 262, 30461, 15024, 12752, 45053, 21958, 3288, 5316, 19444, 13, 2102, 11, 777, 3148, 4854, 19444, 423, 635, 587, 22546, 422, 290, 389, 257, 6087, 286, 262, 2219, 1099, 15421, 543, 38932, 262, 1294, 290, 3482, 1099, 13, 198, 198, 464, 2219, 1099, 15587, 286, 262, 1115, 2678, 447, 247, 3148, 4854, 19444, 423, 30169, 326, 777, 2697, 918, 771, 1728, 7811, 40611, 286, 10376, 47273, 17778, 13, 6660, 11, 612, 318, 257, 19278, 26789, 1022, 606, 287, 2846, 286, 262, 1281, 2551, 282, 18921, 11, 262, 14615, 1767, 290, 262, 761, 284, 2148, 351, 12872, 3840, 287, 8695, 284, 262, 2551, 15111, 13, 770, 11, 287, 1210, 11, 468, 30169, 257, 15794, 287, 2846, 286, 262, 6817, 1813, 284, 262, 3148, 4854, 19444, 290, 262, 3586, 286, 11553, 1099, 287, 262, 1115, 7027, 13, 5624, 198, 198, 19093, 11, 340, 743, 307, 7189, 326, 262, 3148, 4854, 19444, 287, 262, 1115, 2678, 389, 7498, 416, 867, 20594, 13, 2102, 11, 262, 1180, 3450, 286, 262, 25281, 739, 543, 262, 4934, 318, 3221, 39376, 284, 262, 11553, 5920, 287, 262, 1115, 7027, 318, 15641, 11, 4145, 3756, 284, 867, 5400, 355, 880, 13, 8447, 11, 340, 318, 1593, 326, 981, 484, 2461, 262, 2219, 1099, 15421, 326, 423, 587, 257, 636, 286, 511, 2742, 13817, 11, 262, 30461, 286, 262, 1115, 7027, 815, 8543, 11553, 5370, 981, 2263, 656, 1848, 262, 2095, 286, 262, 2489, 286, 262, 1048, 5676, 13, 770, 481, 1249, 262, 11553, 1099, 287, 777, 7027, 284, 4371, 355, 880, 355, 12377, 663, 4755, 4847, 13, 198, 198, 58, 16, 60, 383, 7965, 286, 262, 1578, 1829, 11, 642, 400, 8441, 198, 198, 58, 17, 60, 3427, 11680, 319, 5524, 6923, 11, 24217, 198, 198, 58, 18, 60, 309, 13, 17634, 3361, 504, 11, 564, 246, 35364, 4796, 2297, 452, 12151, 30, 383, 6498, 284, 257, 3148, 4854, 287, 3427, 3854, 447, 247, 357, 23847, 8, 5014, 7, 16, 8, 399, 4146, 49, 1279, 1058, 29, 17535, 767, 1737, 33448, 198, 198, 58, 19, 60, 6835, 7459, 12088, 13, 1766, 13, 410, 13, 5094, 7273, 4487, 1520, 77, 11, 25643, 471, 13, 50, 13, 41569, 357, 1129, 2718, 8, 198, 198, 58, 20, 60, 32056, 471, 13, 50, 13, 38721, 357, 40454, 8, 198, 198, 58, 21, 60, 5524, 6923, 2191, 11, 7795, 198, 198, 58, 22, 60, 367, 7802, 11, 564, 246, 464, 6498, 284, 257, 7011, 34663, 447, 247, 357, 33, 1798, 46880, 1946, 8, 1279, 29, 17535, 1511, 1737, 33448, 198, 198, 58, 23, 60, 360, 13, 35, 13, 6455, 84, 11, 45465, 319, 262, 7965, 286, 3794, 357, 24, 400, 1225, 1539, 2322, 352, 11, 17210, 271, 45, 1069, 271, 3794, 1946, 8, 198, 198, 58, 24, 60, 10805, 410, 13, 1578, 1829, 11, 1849, 21288, 471, 13, 50, 13, 352, 357, 1129, 2548, 8, 198, 198, 58, 940, 60, 35046, 39622, 1222, 26078, 16847, 410, 13, 1982, 9527, 3287, 27824, 471, 13, 50, 13, 807, 4521, 357, 1129, 5333, 8, 198, 198, 58, 1157, 60, 20614, 410, 13, 26402, 685, 46477, 60, 7125, 2319, 198, 198, 58, 1065, 60, 2451, 7246, 449, 26615, 33442, 11, 564, 246, 11028, 284, 257, 3148, 4854, 287, 11553, 1099, 2663, 447, 247, 11, 383, 5436, 5224, 694, 36732, 286, 22565, 876, 26740, 3854, 357, 12349, 1584, 8, 1279, 1058, 29, 17535, 838, 1737, 33448, 198, 198, 58, 1485, 60, 28865, 642, 198, 198, 58, 1415, 60, 1869, 38001, 22081, 410, 13, 4479, 286, 3794, 11, 357, 37950, 8, 352, 311, 4093, 32996, 198, 198, 58, 1314, 60, 49536, 32607, 23103, 11, 564, 246, 464, 6498, 284, 7011, 34663, 287, 3942, 11, 3594, 290, 1605, 30048, 3854, 447, 247, 357, 45403, 8, 604, 7, 16, 8, 449, 4146, 40, 1279, 29, 17535, 838, 1737, 33448, 198, 198, 58, 1433, 60, 440, 5031, 16053, 272, 41479, 368, 11, 26622, 286, 262, 7011, 34663, 11220, 287, 412, 37846, 10172, 718, 7, 16, 8, 30641, 11, 357, 38454, 3889, 4037, 23499, 14679, 1584, 8, 198, 198, 58, 1558, 60, 10443, 34599, 11, 564, 246, 22229, 10854, 290, 262, 30048, 1812, 447, 247, 357, 28296, 8, 7724, 7, 21, 8, 49896, 1279, 29, 17535, 362, 1737, 33448, 198, 198, 58, 1507, 60, 47766, 509, 9587, 15253, 11, 564, 246, 16353, 72, 32770, 321, 2142, 368, 25, 383, 826, 284, 257, 3148, 4854, 447, 247, 357, 38263, 6168, 3794, 8, 1279, 29, 17535, 1478, 1737, 33448, 198, 198, 58, 1129, 60, 28865, 642, 198, 198, 58, 1238, 60, 28865, 860, 198, 198, 58, 2481, 60, 28865, 1105, 198, 198, 58, 1828, 60, 337, 13, 41, 13, 311, 452, 3216, 410, 13, 1812, 286, 31625, 48088, 11, 357, 21908, 8, 718, 311, 4093, 38902, 198, 198, 58, 1954, 60, 311, 317, 390, 4176, 11, 564, 246, 464, 6498, 284, 257, 34663, 287, 3594, 30048, 3854, 447, 247, 357, 1129, 2816, 8, 8257, 2113, 85, 406, 5416, 642, 3388, 198, 198, 58, 1731, 60, 10714, 5070, 5926, 410, 13, 943, 75, 3130, 685, 1129, 1314, 60, 7125, 7982, 685, 6581, 60, 198, 198, 58, 1495, 60, 402, 724, 499, 36546, 399, 1095, 71, 5767, 48395, 410, 13, 317, 13, 47, 13, 1812, 19940, 11421, 77, 1539, 23859, 8105, 357, 16, 8, 6374, 49, 40385, 198, 198, 58, 2075, 60, 28865, 718, 198, 198, 58, 1983, 60, 367, 13, 43, 13, 4700, 7637, 410, 13, 4479, 286, 3794, 11, 357, 25475, 8, 352, 311, 4093, 767, 2414, 198, 198, 58, 2078, 60, 314, 13, 350, 13, 11066, 4397, 11, 30048, 3854, 357, 23, 400, 1225, 13, 8345, 4897, 5834, 11, 2321, 8, 198, 198, 58, 1959, 60, 28865, 642, 198, 198, 58, 1270, 60, 28865, 1679, 198, 198, 58, 3132, 60, 350, 13, 1004, 417, 461, 37518, 12647, 11, 12558, 311, 13, 564, 246, 2964, 771, 1523, 7011, 1108, 287, 30048, 26423, 16427, 447, 247, 357, 5539, 8, 7863, 7, 19, 8, 449, 4146, 40, 1279, 1058, 29, 17535, 718, 1737, 33448, 198, 198, 29453, 11725, 628, 198, 198, 13719, 11397, 2623, 23550, 2084, 198, 198, 37649, 1487, 714, 9009, 27283, 287, 995, 447, 247, 82, 4387, 10326, 13546, 628, 198, 37844, 18, 2250, 2084, 628, 198, 198, 5317, 3480, 20, 2250, 2084, 628, 198, 198, 31441, 22, 2250, 2084, 198, 198, 24227, 3942, 10692, 3814, 468, 6875, 25240, 11, 830, 6616, 18212, 355, 6861, 628, 198, 13719, 11397, 1157, 2250, 2084, 198, 198, 21447, 1243, 345, 460, 466, 284, 2222, 736, 582, 27333, 1158, 628, 198, 41206, 1485, 2250, 2084, 628, 198, 198, 13719, 11397, 1314, 2250, 2084, 628, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
6,676
maanantai 31. lokakuuta 2011 Lesley Downer: Geisha - The Secret History of a Vanishing World Cover photo: Hideki Fujii People often told me that the geisha embodied everything that made Japan Japan. At their most elevated the geisha lived lives dedicated to beauty. They were human works of art, an absurdly anachronistic notion in an aggressively modern society like Japan. If they disappeared, that whole exquisite world - in which every detail, from the placement of the fan in the tea ceremony to the line of a mothwing eyebrow and the intricate weave of an obi, was studied and perfected with loving attention - would die out with them. Some hostels and hotels have a bookshelf where travellers can leave their old books and take new books along. That's how I snatched this book: from the bookshelf of a hostel apartment in Greece. I replaced it with David Nicholls' One Day and hopefully someone staying in the same place will find that and enjoy it as much as I did. :) I haven't read much about the geisha - fictional or otherwise - but I've watched the film Memoirs of a Geisha quite a few times, because something about the geisha and the mystery and taboos that surround them are fascinating. Lesley Downer lived among the geisha for many years and got to know many of them personally. The first 200+ pages of her book focus on the history of Japan, which is also closely related to the history of the geisha. This was - to me - the most interesting part of the book. Japan was isolated for centuries with no foreign contact, until in 1853 an American commander stepped ashore and demanded that the country be opened for foreign trade. Stories about the first confused and culture-shocked foreigners in Japan and their encounters and affairs with famous geisha sound like the screenplay of a soap opera... The latter parts of the book mostly describe Downer's own experiences among the geisha, including personal anecdotes from different hana-machi, or geisha districts, especially in Tokyo and Kyoto. I found the book a bit confusing towards the end, because there wasn't a clear thematic structure or outline - just random stories of different geisha and their clothes, training, customs and behaviour. These were all interesting facts, but the book could have used with a more coherent structure and less repetition. But I certainly learned a lot of strange and fascinating things. For example, I didn't know that the first geisha, taikomochi, were actually male and it caused quite an outrage when women began to perform on stage as geisha. Or that Richard Nixon, Jean Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir are some of the foreign guests that the geisha entertained. Or that kissing is one of the most erotic things that a geisha could do and was - until very recently - considered so shockingly pornographic and taboo that it was never shown in drawings of the geisha. The ultimate question that Lesley Downer tries to answer is: are the traditional geisha vanishing, becoming extinct, because they cannot survive in the modern world? Is there any way to preserve their ancient customs? The paradox of the situation is that the geisha culture depends on a certain degree of mystery, isolation and secrecy. The geisha are not meant to interact freely with the outside world. They are not supposed to fall in love, get married (although if they are lucky, they might get a danna, a patron) or ever forget that they are geisha, 24/7. At the same time, fewer and fewer girls and women in Japan are interested in the traditional geisha training. Fewer men are able to or willing to pay the enormous amounts of money that geisha entertainment costs. So in the end, the geisha simply cannot make a living by doing what they traditionally do. So should they modernise their act, open their doors to curious tourists and forget the ancient rules of secrecy? It's a difficult question and Downer doesn't provide a simple answer. After reading this I know a lot more about geisha and their history, but I'm even more intrigued by what it means to be a woman in contemporary Japan. The descriptions of marriage - where the couple can lead entirely separate and independent lives even in modern Japan - sound so completely different from what I'm used to that it would be interesting to read more about that. Lesley Downer: Geisha - The Secret History of a Vanishing World. Headline. 2000. 434 pages. Geisha - The Secret History of a Vanishing World 3 kommenttia: 1. Luin tämän muutama vuosi sitten ja oli kyllä mielenkiintoinen kurkistus minulle ennestään aivan tuntemattomaan mutta hurjan kiehtovaan aiheeseen. Hauska palauttaa kirja mieleen, kiitos hyvästä kirjoituksesta! 2. Luru, kiitos! Minä taas jouduin korjaamaan monia ennakkoasenteitani ja stereotypioita geishoista. Kiinnostus aiheeseen vain kasvoi! 3. Sitten sinua varmaan kiinnostaisi seuraava kirja: Japanilainen nainen : kuvissa ja kuvien takana / Seija Jalagin & Annamari Konttinen (toim.) Vai onko jo tuttu?
[ 2611, 272, 415, 1872, 3261, 13, 300, 482, 8719, 29822, 2813, 198, 198, 35882, 1636, 5588, 263, 25, 2269, 19388, 532, 383, 3943, 7443, 286, 257, 6656, 3929, 2159, 198, 198, 27245, 4590, 25, 10415, 4106, 32671, 4178, 198, 8061, 1690, 1297, 502, 326, 262, 4903, 19388, 34413, 2279, 326, 925, 2869, 2869, 13, 1629, 511, 749, 15321, 262, 4903, 19388, 5615, 3160, 7256, 284, 8737, 13, 1119, 547, 1692, 2499, 286, 1242, 11, 281, 12986, 306, 281, 620, 1313, 2569, 9495, 287, 281, 19855, 3660, 3592, 588, 2869, 13, 1002, 484, 12120, 11, 326, 2187, 40123, 995, 532, 287, 543, 790, 3703, 11, 422, 262, 13127, 286, 262, 4336, 287, 262, 8887, 10542, 284, 262, 1627, 286, 257, 44400, 5469, 38220, 290, 262, 28746, 37982, 286, 281, 909, 72, 11, 373, 9713, 290, 42155, 351, 14442, 3241, 532, 561, 4656, 503, 351, 606, 13, 198, 198, 4366, 2583, 1424, 290, 18505, 423, 257, 3835, 258, 1652, 810, 37217, 460, 2666, 511, 1468, 3835, 290, 1011, 649, 3835, 1863, 13, 1320, 338, 703, 314, 43276, 428, 1492, 25, 422, 262, 3835, 258, 1652, 286, 257, 2583, 417, 7962, 287, 10315, 13, 314, 6928, 340, 351, 3271, 12760, 33421, 6, 1881, 3596, 290, 11481, 2130, 10589, 287, 262, 976, 1295, 481, 1064, 326, 290, 2883, 340, 355, 881, 355, 314, 750, 13, 14373, 198, 198, 40, 4398, 470, 1100, 881, 546, 262, 4903, 19388, 532, 19812, 393, 4306, 532, 475, 314, 1053, 7342, 262, 2646, 4942, 10840, 82, 286, 257, 2269, 19388, 2407, 257, 1178, 1661, 11, 780, 1223, 546, 262, 4903, 19388, 290, 262, 10715, 290, 7400, 16426, 326, 4573, 606, 389, 13899, 13, 198, 198, 35882, 1636, 5588, 263, 5615, 1871, 262, 4903, 19388, 329, 867, 812, 290, 1392, 284, 760, 867, 286, 606, 7620, 13, 383, 717, 939, 10, 5468, 286, 607, 1492, 2962, 319, 262, 2106, 286, 2869, 11, 543, 318, 635, 7173, 3519, 284, 262, 2106, 286, 262, 4903, 19388, 13, 770, 373, 532, 284, 502, 532, 262, 749, 3499, 636, 286, 262, 1492, 13, 2869, 373, 11557, 329, 10675, 351, 645, 3215, 2800, 11, 1566, 287, 1248, 4310, 281, 1605, 11561, 10764, 45817, 290, 12284, 326, 262, 1499, 307, 4721, 329, 3215, 3292, 13, 18152, 546, 262, 717, 10416, 290, 3968, 12, 1477, 3543, 19670, 287, 2869, 290, 511, 16925, 290, 9674, 351, 5863, 4903, 19388, 2128, 588, 262, 39769, 286, 257, 19533, 27296, 986, 198, 198, 464, 6846, 3354, 286, 262, 1492, 4632, 6901, 5588, 263, 338, 898, 6461, 1871, 262, 4903, 19388, 11, 1390, 2614, 44662, 422, 1180, 289, 2271, 12, 76, 14299, 11, 393, 4903, 19388, 12815, 11, 2592, 287, 11790, 290, 36298, 13, 314, 1043, 262, 1492, 257, 1643, 15337, 3371, 262, 886, 11, 780, 612, 2492, 470, 257, 1598, 606, 1512, 4645, 393, 19001, 532, 655, 4738, 3923, 286, 1180, 4903, 19388, 290, 511, 8242, 11, 3047, 11, 17112, 290, 9172, 13, 2312, 547, 477, 3499, 6419, 11, 475, 262, 1492, 714, 423, 973, 351, 257, 517, 24870, 4645, 290, 1342, 29693, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 314, 3729, 4499, 257, 1256, 286, 6283, 290, 13899, 1243, 13, 1114, 1672, 11, 314, 1422, 470, 760, 326, 262, 717, 4903, 19388, 11, 20486, 1134, 296, 5374, 72, 11, 547, 1682, 4257, 290, 340, 4073, 2407, 281, 11616, 618, 1466, 2540, 284, 1620, 319, 3800, 355, 4903, 19388, 13, 1471, 326, 6219, 16642, 11, 11320, 3362, 311, 433, 260, 290, 47592, 390, 32831, 85, 10840, 389, 617, 286, 262, 3215, 10650, 326, 262, 4903, 19388, 34988, 13, 1471, 326, 25847, 318, 530, 286, 262, 749, 32739, 1243, 326, 257, 4903, 19388, 714, 466, 290, 373, 532, 1566, 845, 2904, 532, 3177, 523, 49992, 47642, 290, 35899, 326, 340, 373, 1239, 3402, 287, 23388, 286, 262, 4903, 19388, 13, 198, 198, 464, 8713, 1808, 326, 11732, 1636, 5588, 263, 8404, 284, 3280, 318, 25, 389, 262, 4569, 4903, 19388, 49047, 11, 5033, 28881, 11, 780, 484, 2314, 7866, 287, 262, 3660, 995, 30, 1148, 612, 597, 835, 284, 12201, 511, 6156, 17112, 30, 383, 22226, 286, 262, 3074, 318, 326, 262, 4903, 19388, 3968, 8338, 319, 257, 1728, 4922, 286, 10715, 11, 15133, 290, 22780, 13, 383, 4903, 19388, 389, 407, 4001, 284, 9427, 12748, 351, 262, 2354, 995, 13, 1119, 389, 407, 4385, 284, 2121, 287, 1842, 11, 651, 6405, 357, 16670, 611, 484, 389, 9670, 11, 484, 1244, 651, 257, 288, 7697, 11, 257, 19686, 8, 393, 1683, 6044, 326, 484, 389, 4903, 19388, 11, 1987, 14, 22, 13, 198, 198, 2953, 262, 976, 640, 11, 7380, 290, 7380, 4813, 290, 1466, 287, 2869, 389, 4609, 287, 262, 4569, 4903, 19388, 3047, 13, 20463, 263, 1450, 389, 1498, 284, 393, 4684, 284, 1414, 262, 9812, 6867, 286, 1637, 326, 4903, 19388, 9739, 3484, 13, 1406, 287, 262, 886, 11, 262, 4903, 19388, 2391, 2314, 787, 257, 2877, 416, 1804, 644, 484, 16083, 466, 13, 1406, 815, 484, 3660, 786, 511, 719, 11, 1280, 511, 8215, 284, 11040, 15930, 290, 6044, 262, 6156, 3173, 286, 22780, 30, 632, 338, 257, 2408, 1808, 290, 5588, 263, 1595, 470, 2148, 257, 2829, 3280, 13, 198, 198, 3260, 3555, 428, 314, 760, 257, 1256, 517, 546, 4903, 19388, 290, 511, 2106, 11, 475, 314, 1101, 772, 517, 33720, 416, 644, 340, 1724, 284, 307, 257, 2415, 287, 11811, 2869, 13, 383, 16969, 286, 4845, 532, 810, 262, 3155, 460, 1085, 5000, 4553, 290, 4795, 3160, 772, 287, 3660, 2869, 532, 2128, 523, 3190, 1180, 422, 644, 314, 1101, 973, 284, 326, 340, 561, 307, 3499, 284, 1100, 517, 546, 326, 13, 198, 198, 35882, 1636, 5588, 263, 25, 2269, 19388, 532, 383, 3943, 7443, 286, 257, 6656, 3929, 2159, 13, 7123, 1370, 13, 4751, 13, 604, 2682, 5468, 13, 2269, 19388, 532, 383, 3943, 7443, 286, 257, 6656, 3929, 2159, 198, 198, 18, 479, 296, 434, 83, 544, 25, 628, 50286, 16, 13, 6026, 259, 256, 11033, 76, 11033, 77, 38779, 315, 1689, 410, 84, 21707, 264, 2621, 45091, 267, 4528, 479, 25727, 11033, 285, 8207, 268, 4106, 20424, 42326, 479, 333, 74, 396, 385, 949, 377, 293, 551, 77, 395, 11033, 11033, 77, 257, 13809, 256, 2797, 368, 1078, 6086, 272, 4517, 8326, 6990, 13881, 479, 494, 4352, 10071, 272, 257, 72, 258, 2771, 268, 13, 367, 8717, 4914, 6340, 2306, 83, 7252, 479, 343, 6592, 285, 494, 20042, 11, 47748, 270, 418, 2537, 85, 11033, 301, 11033, 479, 343, 7639, 34272, 591, 18059, 0, 628, 50286, 17, 13, 406, 14717, 11, 47748, 270, 418, 0, 1855, 11033, 20486, 292, 474, 280, 646, 259, 479, 273, 6592, 1689, 272, 937, 544, 551, 77, 461, 7204, 292, 21872, 270, 3216, 45091, 29248, 952, 5350, 4903, 680, 78, 12523, 13, 21927, 3732, 455, 385, 257, 72, 258, 2771, 268, 23469, 479, 292, 13038, 72, 0, 628, 50286, 18, 13, 311, 2621, 7813, 6413, 1401, 2611, 272, 47748, 3732, 455, 15152, 72, 384, 5330, 4170, 479, 343, 6592, 25, 2869, 346, 391, 268, 299, 391, 268, 1058, 479, 14795, 13808, 45091, 479, 14795, 2013, 256, 461, 2271, 1220, 1001, 34655, 28649, 23183, 1222, 5506, 321, 2743, 509, 756, 83, 42326, 357, 1462, 320, 2014, 569, 1872, 319, 7204, 2525, 9732, 28047, 30, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,195
5. Faster Than The Speed of Light Mike Parsons with Jeremy Westcott Einstein was working on something curious when he died, and many mathematicians went back to the last two blackboards that he was working on, to try to disprove what he had found (he had been trying to disprove it himself). What he had found was that there appeared to be a particle faster than light; such a particle ought not to exist, but his equations seemed to indicate that it did. Eventually, a mathematician named Feinberg, having failed to disprove Einstein’s maths, proposed the concept of tachyons. Tachyons are theoretical subatomic particles that run faster than the speed of light, and they are a theoretical particle that quantum physicists hate because if they go faster than the speed of light then they can’t measure them. If you tried to set a computer to measure them at 12 o’clock it would have to run backwards towards 11.59 because they would get there faster than the speed of light. But think about this: everything we receive from God comes to us faster than the speed of light. Our future, prophecy, words of knowledge, words of wisdom, it all comes to us before it actually happens. Two-thirds of the Bible is prophecy, God speaking before it happened. Feinberg made this statement: ‘Einstein’s equations prove that at the speed of light an electron is present at all points across its trajectory’. In other words, if an electron moves from one place to another at the speed of light, it is present everywhere along that path, all of the time. Now, we know that God is present, everywhere, all of the time. We call it the omnipresence of God. That means he is present all the time in our lives, past, present and future. As Jesus said, ‘before Abraham was born, I am’. This is something really important for us to get hold of. Think of the arc in this diagram as the trajectory of your life, the path of your life, what has happened in it and what’s going to happen: Quantum Vision Jesus is the Alpha and the Omega. He was there before your life started, he called your life into being, he will be there all through your life and he will be there at the end of this physical life, though because we are eternal beings we will never end. So Jesus is here in the present, he’s here with us today, and he wants to engage with us on a daily basis every minute of every day. That means we can have a relationship with him which is intimate and real, and can have fellowship with him in which we are communicating and hearing his voice and seeing what he is doing all the time. But we have a past. How many of us have things in our past that we don’t like? Most people do. How many of us are still dealing with some of those things? Again, quite a few. Therefore we need Jesus to be operating in our past. But because he is omnipresent, of course he can. He’s there: to him it’s still ‘now’. Those of us who are familiar with Liebusters have seen this at work when Jesus reintegrates our ‘stuck’ parts. You can engage your past with Jesus so that he can heal you and restore you and set you free, release you from captivity, and bring everything into the present of where He is. Now, can you really grasp that? Everything that has happened in your past, he is present in it, because in the spiritual realm it’s all ‘now’. Jesus can change things, because he is present in your past today. There is nothing he can’t heal or restore or make whole. It’s really important for us to know that there’s nothing he can’t do. He is present in our present. He is with us, we walk with him. He is also present in our future, and he wants to reveal our future. Jesus is before all things, past present and future, and we can be connected to all three, through him. So nothing in our past can hinder our future if we surrender it to God. This article is also available in French Cet article existe également en français Engage with God like never before! Engaging God on the Heavenly Pathways of Relationship and Responsibility Get started today!* Other resources from Freedom ARC
[ 20, 13, 38996, 17924, 383, 8729, 286, 1849, 15047, 198, 198, 16073, 35925, 198, 4480, 11753, 2688, 14612, 198, 198, 36, 11962, 373, 1762, 319, 1223, 11040, 618, 339, 3724, 11, 290, 867, 33161, 1547, 1816, 736, 284, 262, 938, 734, 2042, 12821, 326, 339, 373, 1762, 319, 11, 284, 1949, 284, 15493, 303, 644, 339, 550, 1043, 357, 258, 550, 587, 2111, 284, 15493, 303, 340, 2241, 737, 198, 198, 2061, 339, 550, 1043, 373, 326, 612, 4120, 284, 307, 257, 18758, 5443, 621, 1657, 26, 884, 257, 18758, 10783, 407, 284, 2152, 11, 475, 465, 27490, 3947, 284, 7603, 326, 340, 750, 13, 16178, 11, 257, 48251, 3706, 45711, 3900, 11, 1719, 4054, 284, 15493, 303, 24572, 447, 247, 82, 47761, 11, 5150, 262, 3721, 286, 256, 35586, 684, 13, 198, 198, 51, 35586, 684, 389, 16200, 850, 47116, 13166, 326, 1057, 5443, 621, 262, 2866, 286, 1657, 11, 290, 484, 389, 257, 16200, 18758, 326, 14821, 37898, 5465, 780, 611, 484, 467, 5443, 621, 262, 2866, 286, 1657, 788, 484, 460, 447, 247, 83, 3953, 606, 13, 1002, 345, 3088, 284, 900, 257, 3644, 284, 3953, 606, 379, 1105, 267, 447, 247, 15750, 340, 561, 423, 284, 1057, 16196, 3371, 1367, 13, 3270, 780, 484, 561, 651, 612, 5443, 621, 262, 2866, 286, 1657, 13, 887, 892, 546, 428, 25, 2279, 356, 3328, 422, 1793, 2058, 284, 514, 5443, 621, 262, 2866, 286, 1657, 13, 3954, 2003, 11, 28322, 11, 2456, 286, 3725, 11, 2456, 286, 11501, 11, 340, 477, 2058, 284, 514, 878, 340, 1682, 4325, 13, 4930, 12, 17936, 286, 262, 9111, 318, 28322, 11, 1793, 5486, 878, 340, 3022, 13, 198, 198, 14304, 259, 3900, 925, 428, 2643, 25, 564, 246, 36, 11962, 447, 247, 82, 27490, 5879, 326, 379, 262, 2866, 286, 1657, 281, 11538, 318, 1944, 379, 477, 2173, 1973, 663, 22942, 447, 247, 13, 554, 584, 2456, 11, 611, 281, 11538, 6100, 422, 530, 1295, 284, 1194, 379, 262, 2866, 286, 1657, 11, 340, 318, 1944, 8347, 1863, 326, 3108, 11, 477, 286, 262, 640, 13, 198, 198, 3844, 11, 356, 760, 326, 1793, 318, 1944, 11, 8347, 11, 477, 286, 262, 640, 13, 775, 869, 340, 262, 40046, 411, 594, 286, 1793, 13, 1320, 1724, 339, 318, 1944, 477, 262, 640, 287, 674, 3160, 11, 1613, 11, 1944, 290, 2003, 13, 1081, 5803, 531, 11, 564, 246, 19052, 16660, 373, 4642, 11, 314, 716, 447, 247, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 318, 1223, 1107, 1593, 329, 514, 284, 651, 1745, 286, 13, 11382, 286, 262, 10389, 287, 428, 16362, 355, 262, 22942, 286, 534, 1204, 11, 262, 3108, 286, 534, 1204, 11, 644, 468, 3022, 287, 340, 290, 644, 447, 247, 82, 1016, 284, 1645, 25, 198, 198, 24915, 388, 19009, 198, 198, 28219, 318, 262, 12995, 290, 262, 19839, 13, 679, 373, 612, 878, 534, 1204, 2067, 11, 339, 1444, 534, 1204, 656, 852, 11, 339, 481, 307, 612, 477, 832, 534, 1204, 290, 339, 481, 307, 612, 379, 262, 886, 286, 428, 3518, 1204, 11, 996, 780, 356, 389, 15851, 9791, 356, 481, 1239, 886, 13, 1406, 5803, 318, 994, 287, 262, 1944, 11, 339, 447, 247, 82, 994, 351, 514, 1909, 11, 290, 339, 3382, 284, 8209, 351, 514, 319, 257, 4445, 4308, 790, 5664, 286, 790, 1110, 13, 1320, 1724, 356, 460, 423, 257, 2776, 351, 683, 543, 318, 16584, 290, 1103, 11, 290, 460, 423, 37900, 351, 683, 287, 543, 356, 389, 22889, 290, 4854, 465, 3809, 290, 4379, 644, 339, 318, 1804, 477, 262, 640, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 356, 423, 257, 1613, 13, 1374, 867, 286, 514, 1849, 14150, 1243, 287, 674, 1613, 326, 356, 1849, 9099, 447, 247, 83, 588, 30, 4042, 661, 466, 13, 1374, 867, 286, 514, 1849, 533, 991, 7219, 351, 617, 286, 883, 1243, 30, 6521, 11, 2407, 257, 1178, 13, 8447, 356, 761, 5803, 284, 307, 5361, 287, 674, 1613, 13, 887, 780, 339, 318, 40046, 2028, 11, 286, 1781, 339, 460, 13, 679, 447, 247, 82, 612, 25, 284, 683, 340, 447, 247, 82, 991, 564, 246, 2197, 447, 247, 13, 1849, 9627, 286, 514, 508, 389, 5385, 351, 12060, 30181, 423, 1775, 428, 379, 670, 618, 5803, 302, 18908, 9700, 674, 564, 246, 301, 1347, 447, 247, 3354, 13, 198, 198, 1639, 460, 8209, 534, 1613, 351, 5803, 523, 326, 339, 460, 12035, 345, 290, 11169, 345, 290, 900, 345, 1479, 11, 2650, 345, 422, 33763, 11, 290, 2222, 2279, 656, 262, 1944, 286, 810, 679, 318, 13, 198, 198, 3844, 11, 460, 345, 1107, 13180, 326, 30, 11391, 326, 468, 3022, 287, 534, 1613, 11, 339, 318, 1944, 287, 340, 11, 780, 287, 262, 8557, 13360, 340, 447, 247, 82, 477, 564, 246, 2197, 447, 247, 13, 5803, 460, 1487, 1243, 11, 780, 339, 318, 1944, 287, 534, 1613, 1909, 13, 1318, 318, 2147, 339, 460, 447, 247, 83, 12035, 393, 11169, 393, 787, 2187, 13, 632, 447, 247, 82, 1107, 1593, 329, 514, 284, 760, 326, 612, 447, 247, 82, 2147, 339, 460, 447, 247, 83, 466, 13, 679, 318, 1944, 287, 674, 1944, 13, 679, 318, 351, 514, 11, 356, 2513, 351, 683, 13, 679, 318, 635, 1944, 287, 674, 2003, 11, 290, 339, 3382, 284, 7766, 674, 2003, 13, 5803, 318, 878, 477, 1243, 11, 1613, 1944, 290, 2003, 11, 290, 356, 460, 307, 5884, 284, 477, 1115, 11, 832, 683, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 2147, 287, 674, 1613, 460, 34541, 674, 2003, 611, 356, 16908, 340, 284, 1793, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 2708, 318, 635, 1695, 287, 4141, 198, 34, 316, 2708, 2152, 68, 1849, 2634, 13528, 972, 551, 1216, 272, 16175, 15152, 198, 198, 7936, 496, 351, 1793, 588, 1239, 878, 0, 198, 198, 7936, 3039, 1793, 319, 262, 29035, 10644, 1322, 286, 39771, 290, 42988, 198, 198, 3855, 2067, 1909, 0, 9, 628, 198, 198, 6395, 4133, 422, 10204, 43928, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
982
Reasons businesses need to have a responsive, fast communication system Reasons businesses need to have a responsive, fast communication system Businesses in Australia s run on active communication systems which offer high access to the various components and may help in building better framework so that they can bring in more profit. Communication with the employees as well as with the customers is the key to success when the company or the brand has to develop trust over time and make sure they have returning customers with zero issues with the company and greater level of trust. The fact is that the businesses which have better connection with their customers, they can easily prevent loss by managing their already loyal customers and make sure they will retain with time for upcoming years as well. For such purposes the 1300 Numbers, 1800 numbers, Toll Free number and call forwarding features are introduced so that they can build better connection with those who need to clarify their issues and may need more help in understanding the products and services that businesses offer. To buy 1300 number or the other options the business need to know about how to get a 1300 number and the 1800 Number cost or the cost of 1300 number so that they can make use of the best option for the people. Businesses need to have such models of communication because these offer faster connectivity and easier access to the needed support and also they cost less and give better solution to instant connectivity resources for the customers. Businesses need t have a responsive communication network maintained in a proper way because they need to retain their customers without any confusions and they need to help them build a lasting bond with the company so that they can improve ROI. Also, they need to facilitate the users and customers who that they may not return or hesitate to connect and make sure to build trust over time. © Copyright 2020
[ 3041, 2812, 5692, 761, 284, 423, 257, 21802, 11, 3049, 6946, 1080, 198, 198, 3041, 2812, 5692, 761, 284, 423, 257, 21802, 11, 3049, 6946, 1080, 198, 198, 24749, 274, 287, 4505, 264, 1057, 319, 4075, 6946, 3341, 543, 2897, 1029, 1895, 284, 262, 2972, 6805, 290, 743, 1037, 287, 2615, 1365, 9355, 523, 326, 484, 460, 2222, 287, 517, 7630, 13, 198, 198, 30813, 3299, 351, 262, 4409, 355, 880, 355, 351, 262, 4297, 318, 262, 1994, 284, 1943, 618, 262, 1664, 393, 262, 4508, 468, 284, 1205, 3774, 625, 640, 290, 787, 1654, 484, 423, 8024, 4297, 351, 6632, 2428, 351, 262, 1664, 290, 3744, 1241, 286, 3774, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1109, 318, 326, 262, 5692, 543, 423, 1365, 4637, 351, 511, 4297, 11, 484, 460, 3538, 2948, 2994, 416, 11149, 511, 1541, 9112, 4297, 290, 787, 1654, 484, 481, 12377, 351, 640, 329, 7865, 812, 355, 880, 13, 198, 198, 1890, 884, 4959, 262, 36058, 27797, 11, 21431, 3146, 11, 44786, 3232, 1271, 290, 869, 43448, 3033, 389, 5495, 523, 326, 484, 460, 1382, 1365, 4637, 351, 883, 508, 761, 284, 18282, 511, 2428, 290, 743, 761, 517, 1037, 287, 4547, 262, 3186, 290, 2594, 326, 5692, 2897, 13, 198, 198, 2514, 2822, 36058, 1271, 393, 262, 584, 3689, 262, 1597, 761, 284, 760, 546, 703, 284, 651, 257, 36058, 1271, 290, 262, 21431, 7913, 1575, 393, 262, 1575, 286, 36058, 1271, 523, 326, 484, 460, 787, 779, 286, 262, 1266, 3038, 329, 262, 661, 13, 198, 198, 24749, 274, 761, 284, 423, 884, 4981, 286, 6946, 780, 777, 2897, 5443, 19843, 290, 4577, 1895, 284, 262, 2622, 1104, 290, 635, 484, 1575, 1342, 290, 1577, 1365, 4610, 284, 9113, 19843, 4133, 329, 262, 4297, 13, 198, 198, 24749, 274, 761, 256, 423, 257, 21802, 6946, 3127, 9456, 287, 257, 1774, 835, 780, 484, 761, 284, 12377, 511, 4297, 1231, 597, 1013, 15880, 290, 484, 761, 284, 1037, 606, 1382, 257, 15727, 6314, 351, 262, 1664, 523, 326, 484, 460, 2987, 15107, 40, 13, 198, 198, 7583, 11, 484, 761, 284, 15570, 262, 2985, 290, 4297, 508, 326, 484, 743, 407, 1441, 393, 22898, 284, 2018, 290, 787, 1654, 284, 1382, 3774, 625, 640, 13, 198, 198, 16224, 15069, 12131, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
375
Crimes of a few hurt all elected officials By Rep. Greg Macpherson (D-Lake Oswego & SW Portland). Crimes by elected officials, admitted or alleged, have made news recently. U.S. Representative Tom DeLay (R-Texas), former Oregon Representative Dan Doyle (R-Salem), and Oregon Representative Kelly Wirth (D- Corvallis) all have captured headlines. As state representative for Lake Oswego and Southwest Portland, I find these events troubling because they bring disrepute on all elected representatives. A cynical public imagines widespread wrongdoing. The DeLay, Doyle, and Wirth cases stand in stark contrast with the behavior of most elected officials. And each of those cases is different. Congressman Tom DeLay has been indicted for conspiracy to funnel corporate contributions to candidates for the Texas legislature in violation of state campaign laws. The alleged crime aided the shift in partisan control of the Texas legislature that led to redrawing the Congressional districts in 2003, outside the normal process that occurs just once every ten years based on the census. After that shift, Republicans won five more seats in the U.S. House than they held previously. I recognize that Congressman DeLay is fighting the charges, claiming he’ll be acquitted. But, if proven, his crime is the most serious of the three cases because it was aimed at subverting the processes we depend on for fair elections. Rep. Dan Doyle was sentenced to ten months in prison last week. He previously had pleaded guilty to filing false campaign reports, concealing the diversion of over $146,000 in political contributions to personal living expenses. Rep. Doyle’s admitted crime is serious. But, unlike the charge against DeLay, it amounts to personal dishonesty, not a subversion of the electoral process. To his credit, Rep. Doyle has taken responsibility for his crime and is paying a heavy price. Rep. Kelly Wirth is resigning her seat in the Oregon House after a small quantity of methamphetamine was found in her car. The search occurred after a woman intentionally rammed her with a car due to an alleged affair between Rep. Wirth and the woman’s boyfriend. Rep. Wirth, seriously injured by the woman, has been booked on suspicion of meth possession. By contrast with the crimes alleged against DeLay and admitted by Doyle, Rep. Wirth’s suspected crime is purely personal. It has no bearing on her official duties. With her resignation, the matter should move out of the public spotlight. Crimes involving elected officials grab headlines. But we should look beyond the spectacle for concerns that should affect public policy. Two points about these cases should be noted. First, Congressman DeLay is accused of conspiring to launder campaign contributions by corporations, which are prohibited under Texas law. Corporate contributions are entirely legal in Oregon. In other words, if DeLay had done the same thing in Oregon, it would not have been a crime. Second, Rep. Doyle’s crime was covering up his personal use of campaign funds, not the use itself. Some Oregon legislators use campaign funds to pay for restaurant meals, rent, and other personal expenses, even when they are also receiving a per diem for living expenses from the state. As long as those payments are included in campaign reports, they’re legal. In the 2005 session, the Oregon legislature passed campaign finance reforms. But the DeLay and Doyle cases show we have more work to do. • Aubrey Russell (unverified) I am puzzled by the tone of your piece. I would tend to be more critical of those who 1.) violate the law, and 2.) do so after placing themselves in postions of high public responsibility. My feeling is that the public would have greater trust in elected officials if there was a more rigorous (even raucous) accounting among politicians for those in their midst who break laws, act dishonestly, etc. Instead, it often seems that parties close ranks to protect their own, or avoid open criticism in order to avoid charges of oportunism. I appreciate the factual aspect of your piece, but your conclusion that progress is still needed in campaign finance reform distracts us from what I think is a more urgent (and relevant) debate about the quality of people serving in public office. If we cannot openly and roughly criticize public servants for dishonesty AND violation of laws then how are we to uphold high standards? Instead, your piece points out that DeLay would not have violated the law had the law been different, and that although Doyle was acting criminally in one respect, he was not not acting criminally in another. One especially troubling aspect of the Doyle case-- in my view-- is what distinguishes it from the Wirth case: that Doyle had been raised to a position of high responsibility (Chair of the Ways and Means Committee)within his own party. What that says about the Republicans who control the Oregon House is troubling. A party that does not have a sense of the character of those it promotes to its highest ranks is not warry enough of the public backlash that SHOULD accompany dishonesty and criminal behavior. I could have made the same point about Bill Sizemore a few years ago, or about Tom DeLay today. Finally, I agree with the need for more laws (campaign finance reform)to police ethical behavior, but I think that your concern about the "disrepute" of elected officials would be better addressed by selecting for ethical character through loud and punishing condemnation of lawmakers who can't abide by the law. I think that the public would have more repect for an institution that expresses more than polite regret over those who violate the public trust. --Aubrey Russell • (Show?) Rep Macpherson-- Thank you for submitting your column to Blue Oregon and participating in the state blogger community. It is another welcome sign that I (and many others) did the right thing in voting for you last year. I appreciate your sense of priority and analysis regarding the different infractions by different politicians; I think you have the order and considerations right. However, I wonder what purposeful point you had beyond worrying that you might find yourself tarred by association among your constituency. If it is an endorsement of tighter control in Oregon over the connection between politics and money, it's quite a case of burying the lede! Assuming that was at least part of your intent, can you perhaps describe in comments the most important steps that can be taken in the next session to reduce the taint of fiduciary malfeasance? Since your district includes part of the City of Portland, what is your opinion on "Voter-owned elections" as passed by Council? Do you feel that if the program is successful at the City level, that it would be worth exploring statewide? What about nonpartisan legislative elections? (Since you were the nominee for BOTH parties in last year's contest, this seems like a no-risk effort for you!) As a member of the progressive blogging community and a constituent of your district, I would enjoy the opportunity to speak with you on this and other topics, as part of the outreach program developing within the House Democratic caucus. I am happy to coordinate with Jon Isaacs, or have you contact me directly at the linked address. • askquestions1st (unverified) Let see, Macpherson writes: "Rep. Kelly Wirth is resigning her seat in the Oregon House after a small quantity of methamphetamine was found in her car". He then links Wirth to DeLay and Doyle. I'll leave it to him to counter with a Clintonesque parsing of his text that he isn't implying that he has judged the case, but that he is just making a politically popular albeit weak case for campaign finance reform if he so chooses. So what are the only facts in this case? • The State Police leaked the story to the press several days before they also said the investigation was at a stage they couldn't answer direct questions from the press... • The OSP claims to have found meth but said it would be 5-6 weeks before the tests were back confirming whatever they may have found was meth, 3-4 weeks after they leaked the story .. • The OSP claimed the search of a victim's car was "standard" procedure but as of today the warrant still remains sealed, even though it has been served and executed, thanks mainly to the refusal of the tabloid press including the Statesman Journal, the Oregonian, and the Gazette-Times to pursue legitimate legal action to force them to release the warrant and then investigate the substance of the allegations in the warrant ... • The car was in OSP possession for 6 days before the search, and not in Wirth's control, making a possession case dubious at best ... • Wirth is served publicly with a restraining order alleging, without any proof since no proof is required to get a restraining order, that she drove a white truck to the accuser's house 5 weeks after both her legs were severely damaged in the attack ... • Wirth pleads "Not Guilty" today. Wirth may be guilty, but that is not the issue here. What happened to due process? What happened to a skeptical press in the face of an inconsistent story by the government? And what is progressive about a blog that has excitedly gossiped right along with this? With "friends" like Kulongski, who in effect declared Wirth guilty the day the leaked story hit the press and said she should quit, Reps. Merkley and Rosenbaum who played some role in writing a "resignation letter" leaked to the press and also made statements to the press she should resign, to Rep. Macpherson who links Wirth to the DeLay and Doyle cases where the facts are not in dispute (in the DeLay case only the law is in dispute), good Democrats and progressives in Oregon surely don't need any enemies. And Mr. Russell, opining about character without addressing the behavior of all parties involved in the Wirth case which speaks to the character of the other officials involved does raise legitimate questions about the substance of your argument. guest column connect with blueoregon
[ 13916, 999, 286, 257, 1178, 5938, 477, 7018, 2828, 198, 198, 3886, 1432, 13, 8547, 4100, 17042, 1559, 357, 35, 12, 43035, 8834, 732, 2188, 1222, 12672, 10727, 737, 198, 198, 13916, 999, 416, 7018, 2828, 11, 6848, 393, 4260, 11, 423, 925, 1705, 2904, 13, 471, 13, 50, 13, 19920, 4186, 1024, 23763, 357, 49, 12, 21607, 828, 1966, 8819, 19920, 6035, 31233, 357, 49, 12, 19221, 368, 828, 290, 8819, 19920, 9077, 370, 3333, 357, 35, 12, 2744, 85, 439, 271, 8, 477, 423, 7907, 14408, 13, 198, 198, 1722, 1181, 8852, 329, 6233, 8834, 732, 2188, 290, 24320, 10727, 11, 314, 1064, 777, 2995, 20294, 780, 484, 2222, 595, 7856, 1133, 319, 477, 7018, 10826, 13, 317, 28858, 1171, 3590, 1127, 10095, 25013, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1024, 23763, 11, 31233, 11, 290, 370, 3333, 2663, 1302, 287, 19278, 6273, 351, 262, 4069, 286, 749, 7018, 2828, 13, 843, 1123, 286, 883, 2663, 318, 1180, 13, 198, 198, 25916, 805, 4186, 1024, 23763, 468, 587, 27847, 329, 10086, 284, 28214, 6355, 9284, 284, 5871, 329, 262, 3936, 15928, 287, 8747, 286, 1181, 1923, 3657, 13, 383, 4260, 4065, 28310, 262, 6482, 287, 19666, 1630, 286, 262, 3936, 15928, 326, 2957, 284, 2266, 1831, 278, 262, 15757, 12815, 287, 5816, 11, 2354, 262, 3487, 1429, 326, 8833, 655, 1752, 790, 3478, 812, 1912, 319, 262, 21649, 13, 2293, 326, 6482, 11, 4734, 1839, 1936, 517, 8632, 287, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 2097, 621, 484, 2714, 4271, 13, 198, 198, 40, 7564, 326, 30700, 1024, 23763, 318, 4330, 262, 4530, 11, 8512, 339, 447, 247, 297, 307, 35497, 13, 887, 11, 611, 9157, 11, 465, 4065, 318, 262, 749, 2726, 286, 262, 1115, 2663, 780, 340, 373, 8998, 379, 850, 48820, 262, 7767, 356, 4745, 319, 329, 3148, 7024, 13, 198, 198, 6207, 13, 6035, 31233, 373, 11897, 284, 3478, 1933, 287, 3770, 938, 1285, 13, 679, 4271, 550, 16407, 6717, 284, 12180, 3991, 1923, 3136, 11, 8571, 4272, 262, 34851, 286, 625, 720, 20964, 11, 830, 287, 1964, 9284, 284, 2614, 2877, 9307, 13, 198, 198, 6207, 13, 31233, 447, 247, 82, 6848, 4065, 318, 2726, 13, 887, 11, 5023, 262, 3877, 1028, 1024, 23763, 11, 340, 6867, 284, 2614, 32045, 9673, 11, 407, 257, 850, 9641, 286, 262, 13901, 1429, 13, 1675, 465, 3884, 11, 1432, 13, 31233, 468, 2077, 5798, 329, 465, 4065, 290, 318, 5989, 257, 4334, 2756, 13, 198, 198, 6207, 13, 9077, 370, 3333, 318, 10931, 278, 607, 5852, 287, 262, 8819, 2097, 706, 257, 1402, 12040, 286, 39278, 373, 1043, 287, 607, 1097, 13, 383, 2989, 5091, 706, 257, 2415, 16464, 374, 10573, 607, 351, 257, 1097, 2233, 284, 281, 4260, 14669, 1022, 1432, 13, 370, 3333, 290, 262, 2415, 447, 247, 82, 13850, 13, 1432, 13, 370, 3333, 11, 6411, 6686, 416, 262, 2415, 11, 468, 587, 21765, 319, 15123, 286, 11248, 7797, 13, 198, 198, 3886, 6273, 351, 262, 6741, 4260, 1028, 1024, 23763, 290, 6848, 416, 31233, 11, 1432, 13, 370, 3333, 447, 247, 82, 9885, 4065, 318, 14177, 2614, 13, 632, 468, 645, 14121, 319, 607, 1743, 10741, 13, 2080, 607, 18525, 11, 262, 2300, 815, 1445, 503, 286, 262, 1171, 17838, 13, 198, 198, 13916, 999, 7411, 7018, 2828, 5552, 14408, 13, 887, 356, 815, 804, 3675, 262, 27519, 329, 4786, 326, 815, 2689, 1171, 2450, 13, 4930, 2173, 546, 777, 2663, 815, 307, 4367, 13, 198, 198, 5962, 11, 30700, 1024, 23763, 318, 5371, 286, 50186, 284, 300, 21118, 1923, 9284, 416, 10225, 11, 543, 389, 12244, 739, 3936, 1099, 13, 26040, 9284, 389, 5000, 2742, 287, 8819, 13, 554, 584, 2456, 11, 611, 1024, 23763, 550, 1760, 262, 976, 1517, 287, 8819, 11, 340, 561, 407, 423, 587, 257, 4065, 13, 198, 198, 12211, 11, 1432, 13, 31233, 447, 247, 82, 4065, 373, 9505, 510, 465, 2614, 779, 286, 1923, 5153, 11, 407, 262, 779, 2346, 13, 2773, 8819, 19964, 779, 1923, 5153, 284, 1414, 329, 7072, 13840, 11, 5602, 11, 290, 584, 2614, 9307, 11, 772, 618, 484, 389, 635, 6464, 257, 583, 2566, 368, 329, 2877, 9307, 422, 262, 1181, 13, 1081, 890, 355, 883, 7524, 389, 3017, 287, 1923, 3136, 11, 484, 447, 247, 260, 2742, 13, 198, 198, 818, 262, 5075, 6246, 11, 262, 8819, 15928, 3804, 1923, 9604, 12506, 13, 887, 262, 1024, 23763, 290, 31233, 2663, 905, 356, 423, 517, 670, 284, 466, 13, 628, 198, 50286, 3581, 19723, 4364, 11563, 357, 403, 47684, 8, 628, 198, 50284, 40, 716, 36907, 416, 262, 8216, 286, 534, 3704, 13, 314, 561, 4327, 284, 307, 517, 4688, 286, 883, 508, 352, 2014, 16967, 262, 1099, 11, 290, 362, 2014, 466, 523, 706, 12560, 2405, 287, 1281, 507, 286, 1029, 1171, 5798, 13, 2011, 4203, 318, 326, 262, 1171, 561, 423, 3744, 3774, 287, 7018, 2828, 611, 612, 373, 257, 517, 22888, 357, 10197, 374, 14272, 516, 8, 14317, 1871, 7602, 329, 883, 287, 511, 15925, 508, 2270, 3657, 11, 719, 30549, 306, 11, 3503, 13, 5455, 11, 340, 1690, 2331, 326, 4671, 1969, 9803, 284, 1805, 511, 898, 11, 393, 3368, 1280, 7734, 287, 1502, 284, 3368, 4530, 286, 267, 634, 403, 1042, 13, 628, 50284, 40, 9144, 262, 27234, 4843, 286, 534, 3704, 11, 475, 534, 7664, 326, 4371, 318, 991, 2622, 287, 1923, 9604, 4975, 11786, 82, 514, 422, 644, 314, 892, 318, 257, 517, 18039, 357, 392, 5981, 8, 4384, 546, 262, 3081, 286, 661, 7351, 287, 1171, 2607, 13, 1002, 356, 2314, 11764, 290, 7323, 24628, 1171, 17523, 329, 32045, 9673, 5357, 8747, 286, 3657, 788, 703, 389, 356, 284, 24963, 1029, 5423, 30, 5455, 11, 534, 3704, 2173, 503, 326, 1024, 23763, 561, 407, 423, 13998, 262, 1099, 550, 262, 1099, 587, 1180, 11, 290, 326, 3584, 31233, 373, 7205, 46657, 287, 530, 2461, 11, 339, 373, 407, 407, 7205, 46657, 287, 1194, 13, 628, 50284, 3198, 2592, 20294, 4843, 286, 262, 31233, 1339, 438, 287, 616, 1570, 438, 318, 644, 45482, 340, 422, 262, 370, 3333, 1339, 25, 326, 31233, 550, 587, 4376, 284, 257, 2292, 286, 1029, 5798, 357, 43189, 286, 262, 26658, 290, 28453, 4606, 8, 33479, 465, 898, 2151, 13, 1867, 326, 1139, 546, 262, 4734, 508, 1630, 262, 8819, 2097, 318, 20294, 13, 317, 2151, 326, 857, 407, 423, 257, 2565, 286, 262, 2095, 286, 883, 340, 21068, 284, 663, 4511, 9803, 318, 407, 1175, 563, 1576, 286, 262, 1171, 19135, 326, 40312, 13873, 32045, 9673, 290, 4301, 4069, 13, 628, 50284, 40, 714, 423, 925, 262, 976, 966, 546, 3941, 311, 528, 368, 382, 257, 1178, 812, 2084, 11, 393, 546, 4186, 1024, 23763, 1909, 13, 628, 50284, 11158, 11, 314, 4236, 351, 262, 761, 329, 517, 3657, 357, 35012, 9604, 4975, 8, 1462, 1644, 15028, 4069, 11, 475, 314, 892, 326, 534, 2328, 546, 262, 366, 6381, 7856, 1133, 1, 286, 7018, 2828, 561, 307, 1365, 9469, 416, 17246, 329, 15028, 2095, 832, 7812, 290, 28641, 28215, 286, 10191, 508, 460, 470, 27851, 416, 262, 1099, 13, 314, 892, 326, 262, 1171, 561, 423, 517, 302, 806, 329, 281, 9901, 326, 27505, 517, 621, 23507, 13721, 625, 883, 508, 16967, 262, 1171, 3774, 13, 628, 50284, 438, 32, 549, 4364, 11563, 628, 50286, 3581, 357, 15307, 10091, 628, 50284, 6207, 4100, 17042, 1559, 438, 6952, 345, 329, 24353, 534, 5721, 284, 4518, 8819, 290, 11983, 287, 262, 1181, 23530, 2055, 13, 632, 318, 1194, 7062, 1051, 326, 314, 357, 392, 867, 1854, 8, 750, 262, 826, 1517, 287, 6709, 329, 345, 938, 614, 13, 628, 50284, 40, 9144, 534, 2565, 286, 8475, 290, 3781, 5115, 262, 1180, 1167, 37810, 416, 1180, 7602, 26, 314, 892, 345, 423, 262, 1502, 290, 18506, 826, 13, 2102, 11, 314, 4240, 644, 4007, 913, 966, 345, 550, 3675, 18916, 326, 345, 1244, 1064, 3511, 13422, 445, 416, 8112, 1871, 534, 28280, 13, 1002, 340, 318, 281, 17819, 286, 28619, 1630, 287, 8819, 625, 262, 4637, 1022, 4819, 290, 1637, 11, 340, 338, 2407, 257, 1339, 286, 48360, 262, 2957, 68, 0, 628, 50284, 48142, 326, 373, 379, 1551, 636, 286, 534, 6824, 11, 460, 345, 3737, 6901, 287, 3651, 262, 749, 1593, 4831, 326, 460, 307, 2077, 287, 262, 1306, 6246, 284, 4646, 262, 256, 2913, 286, 49909, 42008, 560, 27750, 30412, 590, 30, 4619, 534, 4783, 3407, 636, 286, 262, 2254, 286, 10727, 11, 644, 318, 534, 4459, 319, 366, 53, 19543, 12, 11990, 7024, 1, 355, 3804, 416, 4281, 30, 2141, 345, 1254, 326, 611, 262, 1430, 318, 4388, 379, 262, 2254, 1241, 11, 326, 340, 561, 307, 2861, 13504, 23605, 30, 1867, 546, 42157, 10828, 7024, 30, 357, 6385, 345, 547, 262, 10429, 329, 347, 26946, 4671, 287, 938, 614, 338, 8414, 11, 428, 2331, 588, 257, 645, 12, 19121, 3626, 329, 345, 8133, 628, 50284, 1722, 257, 2888, 286, 262, 10393, 38310, 2055, 290, 257, 39384, 286, 534, 4783, 11, 314, 561, 2883, 262, 3663, 284, 2740, 351, 345, 319, 428, 290, 584, 10233, 11, 355, 636, 286, 262, 23424, 1430, 5922, 1626, 262, 2097, 4390, 24402, 13, 314, 716, 3772, 284, 20435, 351, 5966, 13377, 16436, 11, 393, 423, 345, 2800, 502, 3264, 379, 262, 6692, 2209, 13, 628, 198, 50286, 3581, 1265, 6138, 507, 16, 301, 357, 403, 47684, 8, 628, 50284, 5756, 766, 11, 4100, 17042, 1559, 6797, 25, 366, 6207, 13, 9077, 370, 3333, 318, 10931, 278, 607, 5852, 287, 262, 8819, 2097, 706, 257, 1402, 12040, 286, 39278, 373, 1043, 287, 607, 1097, 1911, 679, 788, 6117, 370, 3333, 284, 1024, 23763, 290, 31233, 13, 314, 1183, 2666, 340, 284, 683, 284, 3753, 351, 257, 21549, 1952, 4188, 32096, 286, 465, 2420, 326, 339, 2125, 470, 30253, 326, 339, 468, 19589, 262, 1339, 11, 475, 326, 339, 318, 655, 1642, 257, 11889, 2968, 18244, 4939, 1339, 329, 1923, 9604, 4975, 611, 339, 523, 19769, 13, 628, 50284, 2396, 644, 389, 262, 691, 6419, 287, 428, 1339, 30, 628, 50284, 3581, 383, 1812, 4287, 14109, 262, 1621, 284, 262, 1803, 1811, 1528, 878, 484, 635, 531, 262, 3645, 373, 379, 257, 3800, 484, 3521, 470, 3280, 1277, 2683, 422, 262, 1803, 986, 628, 50284, 3581, 383, 440, 4303, 3667, 284, 423, 1043, 11248, 475, 531, 340, 561, 307, 642, 12, 21, 2745, 878, 262, 5254, 547, 736, 23366, 4232, 484, 743, 423, 1043, 373, 11248, 11, 513, 12, 19, 2745, 706, 484, 14109, 262, 1621, 11485, 628, 50284, 3581, 383, 440, 4303, 4752, 262, 2989, 286, 257, 3117, 338, 1097, 373, 366, 20307, 1, 8771, 475, 355, 286, 1909, 262, 8084, 991, 3793, 15283, 11, 772, 996, 340, 468, 587, 4983, 290, 10945, 11, 5176, 8384, 284, 262, 17387, 286, 262, 43968, 1803, 1390, 262, 1829, 805, 4913, 11, 262, 8819, 666, 11, 290, 262, 38772, 12, 28595, 284, 10660, 9829, 2742, 2223, 284, 2700, 606, 284, 2650, 262, 8084, 290, 788, 9161, 262, 9136, 286, 262, 7636, 287, 262, 8084, 2644, 628, 50284, 3581, 383, 1097, 373, 287, 440, 4303, 7797, 329, 718, 1528, 878, 262, 2989, 11, 290, 407, 287, 370, 3333, 338, 1630, 11, 1642, 257, 7797, 1339, 25292, 379, 1266, 2644, 628, 50284, 3581, 370, 3333, 318, 4983, 7271, 351, 257, 35078, 1502, 26116, 11, 1231, 597, 6617, 1201, 645, 6617, 318, 2672, 284, 651, 257, 35078, 1502, 11, 326, 673, 10357, 257, 2330, 7779, 284, 262, 43738, 338, 2156, 642, 2745, 706, 1111, 607, 7405, 547, 15052, 9694, 287, 262, 1368, 2644, 628, 50284, 3581, 370, 3333, 3339, 5643, 366, 3673, 47321, 1, 1909, 13, 628, 50284, 54, 3333, 743, 307, 6717, 11, 475, 326, 318, 407, 262, 2071, 994, 13, 1867, 3022, 284, 2233, 1429, 30, 1867, 3022, 284, 257, 17988, 1803, 287, 262, 1986, 286, 281, 18326, 1621, 416, 262, 1230, 30, 843, 644, 318, 10393, 546, 257, 4130, 326, 468, 6568, 306, 30914, 276, 826, 1863, 351, 428, 30, 628, 50284, 3152, 366, 36154, 1, 588, 50024, 506, 20545, 11, 508, 287, 1245, 6875, 370, 3333, 6717, 262, 1110, 262, 14109, 1621, 2277, 262, 1803, 290, 531, 673, 815, 11238, 11, 47421, 13, 4638, 74, 1636, 290, 15564, 24738, 508, 2826, 617, 2597, 287, 3597, 257, 366, 411, 570, 341, 3850, 1, 14109, 284, 262, 1803, 290, 635, 925, 6299, 284, 262, 1803, 673, 815, 10931, 11, 284, 1432, 13, 4100, 17042, 1559, 508, 6117, 370, 3333, 284, 262, 1024, 23763, 290, 31233, 2663, 810, 262, 6419, 389, 407, 287, 11047, 357, 259, 262, 1024, 23763, 1339, 691, 262, 1099, 318, 287, 11047, 828, 922, 4956, 290, 31778, 287, 8819, 10403, 836, 470, 761, 597, 5775, 13, 628, 50284, 1870, 1770, 13, 11563, 11, 1034, 3191, 546, 2095, 1231, 13593, 262, 4069, 286, 477, 4671, 2950, 287, 262, 370, 3333, 1339, 543, 9209, 284, 262, 2095, 286, 262, 584, 2828, 2950, 857, 5298, 9829, 2683, 546, 262, 9136, 286, 534, 4578, 13, 198, 198, 5162, 395, 5721, 198, 198, 8443, 351, 4171, 382, 14520, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
2,149
CTAs That Convert: How To Write Effective Ones That Drive Business Results Calls-to-Action, better known in the business world as CTAs, are those things that every entrepreneur has to do, but more often than not, misses the mark on, especially early on. Kind of like lead magnets. Blame it on: • Disliking the act of asking people for things • Poor use of copy • Bad judgment call on what that CTA should be in the first place Whatever the case may be, it seems like everyone running their own brand should be brushing up on their CTA creation skills. Even established, and possibly jaded, content creators should seek to learn more about them, as it could really help to freshen up overused lines littering landing pages everywhere. You see, this is one of the most important elements you're presenting customers with. It's the doorway to the next step in the buying process, so it has to be good enough to entice them. Otherwise, you're out of a sale, or a few for that matter. Sure, the page itself matters. The colors, the layout, the copy, it all needs to pull through. But if your actual CTA is lacking, it will still make customers hesitate, regardless of how much work went into the page otherwise. So, if your idea of a good CTA is "Submit," you're in dire need of some help. And not everyone can afford to outsource their content or hire a consultant to come in and set things straight. So consider this in-depth guide on how to write stronger CTAs that convert your ticket to success. Let's get started. Writing Call To Actions Option #1: Create Account Yes, it's not the most exciting way to start a helpful guide, but it's effective. Ironically enough, it converts well, despite its blandness. But why? Well, consider it straightforward. Customers know what to expect with this CTA. They'll be taken right to the account creation process, so no time is wasted, there's no pop-up, no additional steps or hoops to jump through before finally getting to the account creation stage. It's great in that it doesn't waste anyone's time. It's no-nonsense, and it shows, right from the start. If this sounds like something you would enjoy, then maybe it's very on-brand for you. Consider it a viable option. Writing Call To Actions Option #2: View Demo Here's the thing: not every business model fares well with CTAs like "Buy now" or "Add to Cart." For example, consider people who sell software. Images of the product, which is digital anyway, won't really do much. People won't be inclined to buy it unless they can see it for themselves, like with a demo. By using "View Demo" as a CTA, you're allowing them to see how the product really functions, and what it's capable of. Directing them to something like this is more inviting than "Contact Sales," which is a terrible option. Grow your business with a demo, rather than being pushy. Writing Call To Actions Option #3: Sign Up Free Ah, here's another one that's very direct, and to the point. The level of creativity doesn't have to be a high-ranking one, however, when you have something free to entice people with. Nothing beats free, ever. Take note. Not to mention, this CTA sets expectations. It lets people know that they can immediately start using the service after they create an account. The "free" on the end of it just further solidifies the best part of the deal: they won't spend a dime, they'll just increase your conversion rate. They're much more inclined to do so knowing there's nothing riding on it. Writing Call To Actions Option #4: Join Free Again, nothing beats free. Anytime people feel like they're getting something for nothing, they're much more inclined to join in on something, hence doing your business a favor. From a business perspective, you may wonder how that's possible if you're not even making a profit of any kind, but you should remember: joining for free, trying something for free, is often just a trial period. If what you have to offer is good enough, they'll likely be hooked. That means it's on you to deliver a high-quality product. If you have what it takes, then you can afford to offer a trial period confidently. It may even increase your sales. Whatever you do, make sure you specify how long the trial is, and what happens when it ends. Will they be billed automatically for the next month, the full year, or not at all? Writing Call To Actions Option #5: Learn More Sometimes your product, although amazing, requires a little more of an explanation. Maybe there's a lot to it, maybe it's a little complicated to explain in a few, short, potentially vague paragraphs. Well, that's where "Learn More" comes in. Consider Nest, more specifically their thermostat systems. Being tech, it's a little tricky to set up. For anyone who's never dealt with a digital product like that, it may even be a wonder learning how to use it. And now that it's pairable with Google Home Hub, it's gotten even more advanced. Hence, why the company decided to add this CTA front and center. Once you click on it, you're greeted with everything the setup can do, which includes seeing who's knocking at the front door, seeing what's going on in every room of your home, adjusting the temperature, keeping an eye on your backyard. More so, you're also told what is included in the bundle package, and why it would be useful to have every one of those items in your home. It instills a "better together" feeling that's hard to ignore when browsing around the page. What's great about the "Learn More" CTA is that it's a low-commitment page. They're not shoving you into a sales page, they're coaxing you with information first. Explaining what it is, how it's used, and how it could make your life better. Imagine if you'd recently adopted a puppy, but needed to stay inside for business calls on a windy day. You don't exactly want the noises of the outside world ruining client calls, especially if you live in the city. What are you supposed to do if you're chained indoors, while your puppy prances around outdoors? Well, you can keep an eye on him, and intervene should the need arise. Once the call ends, you can go back to training and playing, knowing you didn't miss anything important. Writing Call To Actions Option #6: Contact Sales It's not exactly a CTA to swear by, but depending on your business model, "Contact Sales" may be the best option you have. Still, it could certainly be worse. This particular CTA is straightforward and will give people exactly what they click on. But, who would benefit from such an "on the nose" CTA? Well, for one thing, companies who function with person-to-person sales. For instance, consider your average freelancer. Most freelancers work alone, providing services of all kinds to businesses. It's considered B2B. The way they manage their business websites is by having people contact them for potential working relationships (sales). Sure, freelancers could use the "Learn More" CTA, where the services are explained, but that's something that tends to be on the website's home page anyway. It's become pretty standard practice. And CTAs like "Try for Free" won't work either. Freelancers charge by word, or by the hour, and simply don't have the luxury of offering free work in the hopes of establishing a long-standing contract with a client. By opting for this CTA, and using a chatbot that can handle basic questions after hours, freelancers could always be accessible to their clients. Furthermore, Google Ads could help market them across the internet, so they don't have to rely on their landing pages and query letters. It's a melding of several tools, all coming together to grow their business. Writing Call To Actions Option #7: Explore Here's one for subtlety's sake. It's not very direct at all, in fact, it could be anything. It could be a demo, it could be a spin on "Learn More," or it could be something else entirely. This CTA works very well, especially if your product pages are more like landing pages. It would lead to more exposition that is useful to your audience. If you find yourself wondering how you can be mysterious, while still enticing people to click on your CTA, this may be an option to consider. Writing Call To Actions Option #8: Shop Now This is what you ideally want your audience to do. Whether you're selling goods, services, or both, you're essentially trying to turn a profit in order to run your business successfully. You not only want them to shop, you need them to. And the funny part is that this is actually a very good CTA to use. Sure, you let them know what you essentially want them to do, but also, it lets them know that they are going to be taken to a product page, or even a broad category within your digital store. This is a great idea if you have plenty of products in one place, however. "Shop Now" can be elevated with specifics, such as "Shop Women's." It beats taking them to a product page for one item that they may or may not even want. No, with a broad category, they could have a handful, if not hundreds, of items to sift through, depending on your inventory size. Writing Call To Actions Option #9: Discover Think of this CTA as a branch of "Explore." Both are mysterious and capable of adapting to a variety of situations. However, this one is more about detailed information than its counterpart. For example, using "Explore" works well for brands like REI, or Eddie Bauer, known for creating equipment that you can use to explore the outdoors. But "Discover" works when you're showcasing something like a compelling YouTube video, something that shows people what types of exciting things they could do if they shopped with you. Climbing mountains, hiking trails, snowboarding down some steep hills? You got it, here's a good coat to do it all in. Tack on a good PR stunt to market everything, and suddenly, your marketing plan just soared to new heights. It's funny how much meaning can be hidden in one single word, isn't it? Writing Call To Actions Option #10: Get _% Off It may not be better than free, because nothing is, but the next best thing is getting a certain percentage off. As a rule of thumb, let's do a simple rundown of something important really quickly: • Depending on the tax rate in your state, 10% off will roughly just cover tax on your purchase. • Sales above the 75% mark are rare to come by, and typically only show up after the holiday season, when stores need to get rid of old inventory to roll out items for the new year. • At this point, businesses aren't making money, they're just trying to get rid of leftover products. • The best, most meaningful sale you're going to get in a store is 50%, at which point, the business is still making a profit, which means items are actually pretty overpriced in-store. Hence, why e-commerce is on the upswing. • Coupon codes and discounts online often make things cheaper than in brick-and-mortar stores. The funny part about this is that most people do not know these facts. Most people just assume that if something is on sale, then they're getting a good deal. It doesn't matter what number is in front of the percentage sign, as long as it's there. Using that psychology in our favor is key to making this CTA work. Promise your audience a sale that you're comfortable with, and you'll find more people clicking on that button. Writing Call To Actions Option #11: Our Work For certain business models, the "Our Work" really is the best CTA option, and here's why: because for freelancers, graphic designers, and other entrepreneurs who run service-based business models, the objective is to convince potential customers into working with them. And nothing says "Here's why you should work with me," like a CTA button that leads you to a stunning portfolio filled with previous projects. It shows people what you're capable of, and puts that skill on full display. Learn the ways to stand out in your copywriting here. Writing Call To Actions Option #12: Continued Oddly enough, this was once OKCupid's CTA. It is now "Join OKC," but it was "Continued" for quite a while there. And yes, it definitely doesn't seem impressive at all, but it's actually brilliant. It keeps it super short and casual, kind of like "Come on in." There's no gimmick, no pressure, just a gentle nudge. And for people who are already pretty jittery about potentially meeting their future partner, seeing a super laid-back CTA is just the right thing. It helps to ease them into what is an inevitable roller coaster of decision-making. In other words, CTAs can be used as a way to help your customers reclaim some sense of control or even peace of mind. It is a tool to help their emotional state, given the chance. Writing Call To Actions Option #13: Add To Cart/Bag Imagine that you're looking around a clothing brand website. Like any e-commerce site of this sort, there are images of the clothing from all angles, in flattering lighting. There are models wearing the clothes, so you can better imagine what it would look like worn. You can immediately get outfit inspiration, and look at that, there are also accessories to wear with it. The thing is, when you see that "Add to Cart" or "Add to Bag" button under an item you're already excited over, it's the final push you need to actually make the shopping experience real. At that point, even if you don't get everything you place in the cart, you're shopping. You're committed to at least contemplate a purchase. And everything becomes so much more exciting at that point. The items for sale become enticing, the cart begins to swell with potential. It's a thrill ride that's been aided by the CTA. Writing Call To Actions Option #14: What We Do Notice, there is not a single action verb used in this CTA. Nothing to tell people what to do. It's almost as if you don't care what the audience does, you're giving them free rein. Well, this CTA may certainly be unorthodox, but it's useful in its own right. Think of it as taking an educational route, where you teach people what your company does, and why, before asking them to purchase anything. But let's put it this way: although this CTA oftentimes works, and is certainly a great alternative to a more pushy, salesy approach, it's still reliant on everything else on the page to even be clicked on. If you have a boring page, stock images that aren't even reflective of your brand, or the content being presented, and an overall bland landing page, then you won't get much out of this CTA. For people to want to learn more, they have to be intrigued first. Writing Call To Actions Option #15: Follow The Magic What, is it too cheesy? You may laugh now, but this is what Disney built their entire business on, remember? Depending on what you're brand is all about, this may just be relevant. For instance, if you have a handmade soap company, you probably don't need this CTA. That is unless you have a brand new product launch for a magical-looking soap. Maybe it's swirly, glittery, and reminiscent of a crystal ball. Obviously, you would create a landing page for this new soap, and... "Follow the Magic" would suddenly make sense, wouldn't it? It would be relevant, and it would actually help to bring it all together. Customers could click it and be transported to the product page, where they could learn more about the product's ingredients, production process, price tag, and overall look. In other words, even quirky little CTAs that don't quite seem ideal can work given the right brand or product launch. Just because it may not seem right now, doesn't mean it won't work for you at some point in the future. Writing Call To Actions Option #16: Go Premium Spotify may have this covered, it may even be what we think of when we hear this particular CTA, but it's a good one to consider. Think about it: the main goal is to get people to sign up for a premium account. They also have a free membership, but that one isn't heavily advertised, so it's safe to say it's the secondary metric here. And it works. Those who show up because they've heard of Premium can find it easily. And those who land on the page out of curiosity can check out the details, and still choose the free membership instead, to give it a try first. Maybe that's all they need. But hey, they are now users of the service. So, if their situation ever changes, where maybe they cancel another membership, or have a lifestyle change that would benefit from music downloads without the aid of WiFi, then... they'll finally go Premium. If you have a similar model, a free version and a paid one, it helps to market both, but push the paid one heavily for obvious reasons. Just make sure it's enticing enough to make people want to pay for it on a monthly basis. Writing Call To Actions Option #17: Sign Up With Facebook Here's the thing: say what you will about privacy issues and snooping on people you used to know, the fact of the matter is that most people have a Facebook profile. It's a staple amongst social media platforms. And that takes a little while to set up, right? There's your name, your basic information, like birthday, workplace, school, marital status, location, etc. Then there are the images of yourself you have to carefully select, the privacy settings you should glaze over, and finally, the people you should friend request. It's a whole thing. In fact, most sign-ups for things are ordeals that take much longer than most of us care to spend on any one mundane task. And that is where this CTA shines the brightest. It works under the impression that the last thing people want to do is spend time signing up for something. So instead, it offers them the chance to sign up with Facebook. They can click on the button, allow permission to obtain information, and presto, it's all done. All that information is transferred over, cutting the time spent signing up in half, at least. It's a great incentive, a great nudge in the direction you want them to go. It sympathizes, offers a solution, and makes it easy for the customer. It's a win-win situation. Learn how to write high-converting Facebook ads here. Writing Call To Actions Option #18: Take Me There Sometimes, people like to be handheld to their destination, because, well, sometimes they don't have a destination in mind. And that's okay, they're just there to browse, kind of like you do whenever you walk into a store and get greeted by one of the staff. Unless you're on a very specific mission, you're likely to go to the standard "just browsing" answer. And this CTA really comes in handy during those times. It gives customers a sense of control, despite not having a sense of direction. It's offering the option to be taken somewhere potentially interesting, such as a specific product page, an about page, etc. Writing Call To Actions Option #19: Download On The App Store If you have an app, this is crucial, because everyone expects you to have your app available on the App Store. Most Americans have iPhones, or other Apple devices, such as the Watch, or iPad. So that's kind of essential for success. This is especially true for mobile game developers. Their whole business is making mobile games for people to enjoy. No amount of well-designed websites or landing pages will make a difference if their product pages on the App Store are terrible. So it won't help to add in any other CTA at that point. Sure, you can add in a "Learn More" CTA, for example, but everything people are going to want to know will already be on the product page on the App Store... Or at least should be. Everything from seller information (your business name), to the size of the app, languages provided, age rating, reviews, photos, videos, etc. is all featured on the App Store. With a simple "Download On the App Store" CTA, customers have access to everything they could ever want to know before converting. Writing Call To Actions Option #20: Get Started Nothing is more convincing than this CTA, especially during the month of January. Maybe even February, when people try again to stick to their New Year's resolutions. This CTA is all about starting something. It's a journey in some sense, whether it's a new career, a fitness regime, an online course, you name it. And the objective is to motivate people to get started on their goal. Obviously, when paired with a well-designed landing page, this can make for some high conversions. A good plan is to incorporate plenty of original photography and video to illustrate the goal and make it a visual representation of what the customers could expect if they chose to go with you. Essentially, helping them see what being your customer looks like. Another pro tip is to be very detailed in your copy: • What will they get from being your customer? What comes with the membership? • Why you over anyone else offering something similar? • Is there value? Bang for people's buck? What's the major feeling of winning that you're providing? Maybe there's a coupon code, or some sort of exclusivity or limited-time offer. • Copy that reflects their current situation, sympathizes with their issue(s), and provides a solution in the form of what you're offering. • Note, this one is particularly important. More so than the rest. It's the one that points out the reality of their situation, and offers the opportunity to change it. Writing Call To Actions Option #21: Subscribe This CTA may not seem that special. In fact, you're probably wondering why this is the last to appear on this guide. But not so fast, there's some context needed here to elevate this seemingly bland CTA. If you simply slap this text on a button at the bottom of your landing page, or on the side of your blog, you're probably not going to get much for your time. No, what you need is relevancy, which has been the whole theme of this, in case you haven't noticed by now. Relevancy reigns supreme as king, always. For example, if you find yourself reading a blog post on how to become a better leader at work, you'd likely be intrigued if a little pop-up offering more tips on the subject slid onto the bottom corner of the page. It's not in your way, but it's noticeable, and it's relevant to what you're reading about. You're already interested, you're searching for information, tips, advice. And look at that, you can enter your email address, hit "Subscribe," and get these tips sent directly to your inbox. Suddenly, you don't need to spend more time searching for tips. You could subscribe, close the browser, and immediately go do something else with your time, knowing full well that the research and digging part is being handled for you as you focus on something else. That is when this CTA works. With the right context, it becomes something much more than bland. It's more of a tool, a non-pushy one at that. Offering something unpaid is oftentimes a step in the direction of a monetary lucrative conversion anyway. Want to optimize your conversion rates with better copywriting? Click here. Writing CTA Options To Choose From Think of CTAs as the ticket to beginning a sales process. They're useful tools, kind of like keywords and Google Analytics are to digital marketing. Mastering them should be your number one priority as an entrepreneur. It's how you stay in business! But it's easier said than done, we know. You've probably gone through a series of CTA options, testing each one, wondering what you're doing wrong. Or better still, when you noticed something was messing up your conversion rate, you probably went back into your landing page and edited it all, except for the CTA, thinking it had something to do with the design. We've all been there, don't worry. The good news is that you don't need to spend hundreds on courses, books, and other resources to learn the tricks of the trade. You just need a nice rundown of ideas, like the ones in this helpful, little guide. And there's always the option to outsource some of it, all of it, or just enough. You can even hire a consultant to teach you the ropes and set everything up. In case you missed a few lessons, here's a basic rundown of your absolute takeaways: • Try to use 2-3 words as your CTA. One word doesn't cut it, and anything longer is just going to hurt you in the long run. • Words like "try," or "now," or even "start/stop" are ways of adding in urgency without being overly pushy. • Words like "free" and "save" use monetary incentive, which is always valuable to the audience. This is why percentage and dollar symbols are also effective. Hopefully, this helps improve your CTA game and increases those sales. About Daniel Doan Daniel is a conversion copywriter known for helping some of the largest B2B companies and digital brands in America convert more traffic into sales. When he's not writing about himself in the third person on his website, he's focused on partnering with growing companies to squeeze the juice out of every marketing dollar. Because when companies bridge the gap between what they want to say and what their customers will read... Clicks, conversions, and sales, will go absolutely bananas. 100+ Potassium Powered Copywriting Guides About Daniel Doan Daniel is a direct-response copywriter with over a decade of expertise writing words that bridge the gap between what your business want to say and what your customers want to read. Looking for more copywriting resources? Copyright © 2010 - 2022 Doan Consulting LLC | Privacy Policy | Terms and Conditions
[ 4177, 1722, 1320, 38240, 25, 1374, 1675, 19430, 29455, 32606, 1320, 9974, 7320, 15691, 198, 198, 34, 5691, 12, 1462, 12, 12502, 11, 1365, 1900, 287, 262, 1597, 995, 355, 16356, 1722, 11, 389, 883, 1243, 326, 790, 19500, 468, 284, 466, 11, 475, 517, 1690, 621, 407, 11, 18297, 262, 1317, 319, 11, 2592, 1903, 319, 13, 198, 198, 35854, 286, 588, 1085, 37446, 13, 198, 198, 3629, 480, 340, 319, 25, 628, 50286, 3581, 360, 3044, 14132, 262, 719, 286, 4737, 661, 329, 1243, 198, 50286, 3581, 23676, 779, 286, 4866, 198, 50286, 3581, 7772, 8492, 869, 319, 644, 326, 327, 5603, 815, 307, 287, 262, 717, 1295, 198, 198, 21875, 262, 1339, 743, 307, 11, 340, 2331, 588, 2506, 2491, 511, 898, 4508, 815, 307, 42798, 510, 319, 511, 327, 5603, 6282, 4678, 13, 198, 198, 6104, 4920, 11, 290, 5457, 474, 5286, 11, 2695, 16294, 815, 5380, 284, 2193, 517, 546, 606, 11, 355, 340, 714, 1107, 1037, 284, 34093, 831, 510, 625, 1484, 3951, 25359, 278, 9581, 5468, 8347, 13, 198, 198, 1639, 766, 11, 428, 318, 530, 286, 262, 749, 1593, 4847, 345, 821, 17728, 4297, 351, 13, 632, 338, 262, 32439, 284, 262, 1306, 2239, 287, 262, 7067, 1429, 11, 523, 340, 468, 284, 307, 922, 1576, 284, 920, 501, 606, 13, 15323, 11, 345, 821, 503, 286, 257, 5466, 11, 393, 257, 1178, 329, 326, 2300, 13, 198, 198, 19457, 11, 262, 2443, 2346, 6067, 13, 383, 7577, 11, 262, 12461, 11, 262, 4866, 11, 340, 477, 2476, 284, 2834, 832, 13, 887, 611, 534, 4036, 327, 5603, 318, 14394, 11, 340, 481, 991, 787, 4297, 22898, 11, 7692, 286, 703, 881, 670, 1816, 656, 262, 2443, 4306, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 11, 611, 534, 2126, 286, 257, 922, 327, 5603, 318, 366, 45135, 553, 345, 821, 287, 19958, 761, 286, 617, 1037, 13, 843, 407, 2506, 460, 5368, 284, 503, 10459, 511, 2695, 393, 11078, 257, 17028, 284, 1282, 287, 290, 900, 1243, 3892, 13, 1406, 2074, 428, 287, 12, 18053, 5698, 319, 703, 284, 3551, 7387, 16356, 1722, 326, 10385, 534, 7846, 284, 1943, 13, 198, 198, 5756, 338, 651, 2067, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 16, 25, 13610, 10781, 628, 198, 5297, 11, 340, 338, 407, 262, 749, 7895, 835, 284, 923, 257, 7613, 5698, 11, 475, 340, 338, 4050, 13, 37731, 1576, 11, 340, 26161, 880, 11, 3805, 663, 34377, 1108, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 1521, 30, 198, 198, 5779, 11, 2074, 340, 15836, 13, 36707, 760, 644, 284, 1607, 351, 428, 327, 5603, 13, 1119, 1183, 307, 2077, 826, 284, 262, 1848, 6282, 1429, 11, 523, 645, 640, 318, 18359, 11, 612, 338, 645, 1461, 12, 929, 11, 645, 3224, 4831, 393, 46730, 284, 4391, 832, 878, 3443, 1972, 284, 262, 1848, 6282, 3800, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 338, 1049, 287, 326, 340, 1595, 470, 7030, 2687, 338, 640, 13, 632, 338, 645, 12, 77, 46563, 11, 290, 340, 2523, 11, 826, 422, 262, 923, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 428, 5238, 588, 1223, 345, 561, 2883, 11, 788, 3863, 340, 338, 845, 319, 12, 17938, 329, 345, 13, 12642, 340, 257, 13971, 3038, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 17, 25, 3582, 34588, 628, 198, 4342, 338, 262, 1517, 25, 407, 790, 1597, 2746, 33164, 880, 351, 16356, 1722, 588, 366, 14518, 783, 1, 393, 366, 4550, 284, 13690, 526, 1114, 1672, 11, 2074, 661, 508, 3677, 3788, 13, 5382, 286, 262, 1720, 11, 543, 318, 4875, 6949, 11, 1839, 470, 1107, 466, 881, 13, 198, 198, 8061, 1839, 470, 307, 19514, 284, 2822, 340, 4556, 484, 460, 766, 340, 329, 2405, 11, 588, 351, 257, 13605, 13, 198, 198, 3886, 1262, 366, 7680, 34588, 1, 355, 257, 327, 5603, 11, 345, 821, 5086, 606, 284, 766, 703, 262, 1720, 1107, 5499, 11, 290, 644, 340, 338, 6007, 286, 13, 4128, 278, 606, 284, 1223, 588, 428, 318, 517, 23310, 621, 366, 17829, 17329, 553, 543, 318, 257, 7818, 3038, 13, 26936, 534, 1597, 351, 257, 13605, 11, 2138, 621, 852, 4574, 88, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 18, 25, 5865, 3205, 3232, 628, 198, 10910, 11, 994, 338, 1194, 530, 326, 338, 845, 1277, 11, 290, 284, 262, 966, 13, 383, 1241, 286, 16389, 1595, 470, 423, 284, 307, 257, 1029, 12, 28405, 530, 11, 2158, 11, 618, 345, 423, 1223, 1479, 284, 920, 501, 661, 351, 13, 10528, 17825, 1479, 11, 1683, 13, 7214, 3465, 13, 198, 198, 3673, 284, 3068, 11, 428, 327, 5603, 5621, 9027, 13, 632, 8781, 661, 760, 326, 484, 460, 3393, 923, 1262, 262, 2139, 706, 484, 2251, 281, 1848, 13, 198, 198, 464, 366, 5787, 1, 319, 262, 886, 286, 340, 655, 2252, 4735, 6945, 262, 1266, 636, 286, 262, 1730, 25, 484, 1839, 470, 4341, 257, 37062, 11, 484, 1183, 655, 2620, 534, 11315, 2494, 13, 1119, 821, 881, 517, 19514, 284, 466, 523, 6970, 612, 338, 2147, 10311, 319, 340, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 19, 25, 15251, 3232, 628, 198, 15316, 11, 2147, 17825, 1479, 13, 4377, 2435, 661, 1254, 588, 484, 821, 1972, 1223, 329, 2147, 11, 484, 821, 881, 517, 19514, 284, 4654, 287, 319, 1223, 11, 12891, 1804, 534, 1597, 257, 2661, 13, 198, 198, 4863, 257, 1597, 6650, 11, 345, 743, 4240, 703, 326, 338, 1744, 611, 345, 821, 407, 772, 1642, 257, 7630, 286, 597, 1611, 11, 475, 345, 815, 3505, 25, 9679, 329, 1479, 11, 2111, 1223, 329, 1479, 11, 318, 1690, 655, 257, 4473, 2278, 13, 1002, 644, 345, 423, 284, 2897, 318, 922, 1576, 11, 484, 1183, 1884, 307, 23373, 13, 198, 198, 2504, 1724, 340, 338, 319, 345, 284, 5203, 257, 1029, 12, 13237, 1720, 13, 1002, 345, 423, 644, 340, 2753, 11, 788, 345, 460, 5368, 284, 2897, 257, 4473, 2278, 37891, 13, 632, 743, 772, 2620, 534, 4200, 13, 198, 198, 21875, 345, 466, 11, 787, 1654, 345, 11986, 703, 890, 262, 4473, 318, 11, 290, 644, 4325, 618, 340, 5645, 13, 2561, 484, 307, 33094, 6338, 329, 262, 1306, 1227, 11, 262, 1336, 614, 11, 393, 407, 379, 477, 30, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 20, 25, 14365, 3125, 628, 198, 15468, 534, 1720, 11, 3584, 4998, 11, 4433, 257, 1310, 517, 286, 281, 7468, 13, 6674, 612, 338, 257, 1256, 284, 340, 11, 3863, 340, 338, 257, 1310, 8253, 284, 4727, 287, 257, 1178, 11, 1790, 11, 6196, 13443, 23549, 13, 198, 198, 5779, 11, 326, 338, 810, 366, 20238, 3125, 1, 2058, 287, 13, 198, 198, 19626, 21420, 11, 517, 5734, 511, 10811, 1712, 265, 3341, 13, 11204, 7261, 11, 340, 338, 257, 1310, 17198, 284, 900, 510, 13, 1114, 2687, 508, 338, 1239, 11829, 351, 257, 4875, 1720, 588, 326, 11, 340, 743, 772, 307, 257, 4240, 4673, 703, 284, 779, 340, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 783, 326, 340, 338, 5166, 540, 351, 3012, 5995, 14699, 11, 340, 338, 7891, 772, 517, 6190, 13, 16227, 11, 1521, 262, 1664, 3066, 284, 751, 428, 327, 5603, 2166, 290, 3641, 13, 628, 198, 7454, 345, 3904, 319, 340, 11, 345, 821, 21272, 351, 2279, 262, 9058, 460, 466, 11, 543, 3407, 4379, 508, 338, 21500, 379, 262, 2166, 3420, 11, 4379, 644, 338, 1016, 319, 287, 790, 2119, 286, 534, 1363, 11, 22000, 262, 5951, 11, 5291, 281, 4151, 319, 534, 24296, 13, 198, 198, 5167, 523, 11, 345, 821, 635, 1297, 644, 318, 3017, 287, 262, 18537, 5301, 11, 290, 1521, 340, 561, 307, 4465, 284, 423, 790, 530, 286, 883, 3709, 287, 534, 1363, 13, 632, 916, 2171, 257, 366, 27903, 1978, 1, 4203, 326, 338, 1327, 284, 8856, 618, 23182, 1088, 262, 2443, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 338, 1049, 546, 262, 366, 20238, 3125, 1, 327, 5603, 318, 326, 340, 338, 257, 1877, 12, 41509, 434, 2443, 13, 1119, 821, 407, 427, 5165, 345, 656, 257, 4200, 2443, 11, 484, 821, 37700, 278, 345, 351, 1321, 717, 13, 5905, 1397, 644, 340, 318, 11, 703, 340, 338, 973, 11, 290, 703, 340, 714, 787, 534, 1204, 1365, 13, 198, 198, 25153, 611, 345, 1549, 2904, 8197, 257, 26188, 11, 475, 2622, 284, 2652, 2641, 329, 1597, 3848, 319, 257, 2344, 88, 1110, 13, 921, 836, 470, 3446, 765, 262, 26782, 286, 262, 2354, 995, 39842, 5456, 3848, 11, 2592, 611, 345, 2107, 287, 262, 1748, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 389, 345, 4385, 284, 466, 611, 345, 821, 40682, 31797, 11, 981, 534, 26188, 778, 1817, 1088, 24349, 30, 3894, 11, 345, 460, 1394, 281, 4151, 319, 683, 11, 290, 22432, 815, 262, 761, 15058, 13, 198, 198, 7454, 262, 869, 5645, 11, 345, 460, 467, 736, 284, 3047, 290, 2712, 11, 6970, 345, 1422, 470, 2051, 1997, 1593, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 21, 25, 14039, 17329, 628, 198, 1026, 338, 407, 3446, 257, 327, 5603, 284, 21192, 416, 11, 475, 6906, 319, 534, 1597, 2746, 11, 366, 17829, 17329, 1, 743, 307, 262, 1266, 3038, 345, 423, 13, 198, 198, 9590, 11, 340, 714, 3729, 307, 4785, 13, 770, 1948, 327, 5603, 318, 15836, 290, 481, 1577, 661, 3446, 644, 484, 3904, 319, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 11, 508, 561, 4414, 422, 884, 281, 366, 261, 262, 9686, 1, 327, 5603, 30, 198, 198, 5779, 11, 329, 530, 1517, 11, 2706, 508, 2163, 351, 1048, 12, 1462, 12, 6259, 4200, 13, 1114, 4554, 11, 2074, 534, 2811, 20643, 8250, 13, 4042, 20643, 20811, 670, 3436, 11, 4955, 2594, 286, 477, 6982, 284, 5692, 13, 632, 338, 3177, 347, 17, 33, 13, 198, 198, 464, 835, 484, 6687, 511, 1597, 9293, 318, 416, 1719, 661, 2800, 606, 329, 2785, 1762, 6958, 357, 82, 2040, 737, 198, 198, 19457, 11, 20643, 20811, 714, 779, 262, 366, 20238, 3125, 1, 327, 5603, 11, 810, 262, 2594, 389, 4893, 11, 475, 326, 338, 1223, 326, 12444, 284, 307, 319, 262, 3052, 338, 1363, 2443, 6949, 13, 632, 338, 1716, 2495, 3210, 3357, 13, 843, 16356, 1722, 588, 366, 23433, 329, 3232, 1, 1839, 470, 670, 2035, 13, 198, 198, 20366, 417, 20811, 3877, 416, 1573, 11, 393, 416, 262, 1711, 11, 290, 2391, 836, 470, 423, 262, 13064, 286, 6011, 1479, 670, 287, 262, 7176, 286, 15010, 257, 890, 12, 5646, 2775, 351, 257, 5456, 13, 198, 198, 3886, 37529, 329, 428, 327, 5603, 11, 290, 1262, 257, 8537, 13645, 326, 460, 5412, 4096, 2683, 706, 2250, 11, 20643, 20811, 714, 1464, 307, 9857, 284, 511, 7534, 13, 198, 198, 24951, 11, 3012, 47442, 714, 1037, 1910, 606, 1973, 262, 5230, 11, 523, 484, 836, 470, 423, 284, 8814, 319, 511, 9581, 5468, 290, 12405, 7475, 13, 632, 338, 257, 502, 335, 278, 286, 1811, 4899, 11, 477, 2406, 1978, 284, 1663, 511, 1597, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 22, 25, 41401, 628, 198, 4342, 338, 530, 329, 11800, 774, 338, 11060, 13, 632, 338, 407, 845, 1277, 379, 477, 11, 287, 1109, 11, 340, 714, 307, 1997, 13, 632, 714, 307, 257, 13605, 11, 340, 714, 307, 257, 7906, 319, 366, 20238, 3125, 553, 393, 340, 714, 307, 1223, 2073, 5000, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 327, 5603, 2499, 845, 880, 11, 2592, 611, 534, 1720, 5468, 389, 517, 588, 9581, 5468, 13, 632, 561, 1085, 284, 517, 45357, 326, 318, 4465, 284, 534, 5386, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 1064, 3511, 11263, 703, 345, 460, 307, 11428, 11, 981, 991, 47460, 661, 284, 3904, 319, 534, 327, 5603, 11, 428, 743, 307, 281, 3038, 284, 2074, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 23, 25, 13705, 2735, 628, 198, 1212, 318, 644, 345, 30274, 765, 534, 5386, 284, 466, 13, 10127, 345, 821, 6301, 7017, 11, 2594, 11, 393, 1111, 11, 345, 821, 6986, 2111, 284, 1210, 257, 7630, 287, 1502, 284, 1057, 534, 1597, 7675, 13, 921, 407, 691, 765, 606, 284, 6128, 11, 345, 761, 606, 284, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 262, 8258, 636, 318, 326, 428, 318, 1682, 257, 845, 922, 327, 5603, 284, 779, 13, 10889, 11, 345, 1309, 606, 760, 644, 345, 6986, 765, 606, 284, 466, 11, 475, 635, 11, 340, 8781, 606, 760, 326, 484, 389, 1016, 284, 307, 2077, 284, 257, 1720, 2443, 11, 393, 772, 257, 3154, 6536, 1626, 534, 4875, 3650, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 318, 257, 1049, 2126, 611, 345, 423, 6088, 286, 3186, 287, 530, 1295, 11, 2158, 13, 366, 29917, 2735, 1, 460, 307, 15321, 351, 23514, 11, 884, 355, 366, 29917, 6926, 338, 526, 632, 17825, 2263, 606, 284, 257, 1720, 2443, 329, 530, 2378, 326, 484, 743, 393, 743, 407, 772, 765, 13, 198, 198, 2949, 11, 351, 257, 3154, 6536, 11, 484, 714, 423, 257, 10089, 11, 611, 407, 5179, 11, 286, 3709, 284, 264, 2135, 832, 11, 6906, 319, 534, 13184, 2546, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 24, 25, 29704, 628, 198, 22073, 286, 428, 327, 5603, 355, 257, 8478, 286, 366, 35433, 526, 5747, 389, 11428, 290, 6007, 286, 35135, 284, 257, 4996, 286, 7445, 13, 2102, 11, 428, 530, 318, 517, 546, 6496, 1321, 621, 663, 11283, 13, 198, 198, 1890, 1672, 11, 1262, 366, 35433, 1, 2499, 880, 329, 11394, 588, 4526, 40, 11, 393, 19478, 41971, 11, 1900, 329, 4441, 5112, 326, 345, 460, 779, 284, 7301, 262, 24349, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 366, 44596, 1, 2499, 618, 345, 821, 40318, 1223, 588, 257, 13206, 7444, 2008, 11, 1223, 326, 2523, 661, 644, 3858, 286, 7895, 1243, 484, 714, 466, 611, 484, 7354, 1496, 351, 345, 13, 198, 198, 34, 2475, 4623, 12269, 11, 24522, 19196, 11, 6729, 27794, 866, 617, 14559, 18639, 30, 921, 1392, 340, 11, 994, 338, 257, 922, 13209, 284, 466, 340, 477, 287, 13, 198, 198, 51, 441, 319, 257, 922, 4810, 25756, 284, 1910, 2279, 11, 290, 6451, 11, 534, 7124, 1410, 655, 35292, 284, 649, 23245, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 338, 8258, 703, 881, 3616, 460, 307, 7104, 287, 530, 2060, 1573, 11, 2125, 470, 340, 30, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 940, 25, 3497, 4808, 4, 3242, 628, 198, 1026, 743, 407, 307, 1365, 621, 1479, 11, 780, 2147, 318, 11, 475, 262, 1306, 1266, 1517, 318, 1972, 257, 1728, 5873, 572, 13, 198, 198, 1722, 257, 3896, 286, 15683, 11, 1309, 338, 466, 257, 2829, 45602, 286, 1223, 1593, 1107, 2952, 25, 628, 50286, 3581, 23591, 319, 262, 1687, 2494, 287, 534, 1181, 11, 838, 4, 572, 481, 7323, 655, 3002, 1687, 319, 534, 5001, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 17329, 2029, 262, 5441, 4, 1317, 389, 4071, 284, 1282, 416, 11, 290, 6032, 691, 905, 510, 706, 262, 9912, 1622, 11, 618, 7000, 761, 284, 651, 5755, 286, 1468, 13184, 284, 4836, 503, 3709, 329, 262, 649, 614, 13, 198, 50284, 3581, 1629, 428, 966, 11, 5692, 3588, 470, 1642, 1637, 11, 484, 821, 655, 2111, 284, 651, 5755, 286, 39191, 3186, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 383, 1266, 11, 749, 11570, 5466, 345, 821, 1016, 284, 651, 287, 257, 3650, 318, 2026, 7441, 379, 543, 966, 11, 262, 1597, 318, 991, 1642, 257, 7630, 11, 543, 1724, 3709, 389, 1682, 2495, 625, 30883, 287, 12, 8095, 13, 16227, 11, 1521, 304, 12, 27061, 318, 319, 262, 510, 46737, 13, 198, 50284, 3581, 43156, 261, 12416, 290, 25684, 2691, 1690, 787, 1243, 11721, 621, 287, 17214, 12, 392, 12, 30171, 283, 7000, 13, 198, 198, 464, 8258, 636, 546, 428, 318, 326, 749, 661, 466, 407, 760, 777, 6419, 13, 4042, 661, 655, 7048, 326, 611, 1223, 318, 319, 5466, 11, 788, 484, 821, 1972, 257, 922, 1730, 13, 632, 1595, 470, 2300, 644, 1271, 318, 287, 2166, 286, 262, 5873, 1051, 11, 355, 890, 355, 340, 338, 612, 13, 198, 198, 12814, 326, 15119, 287, 674, 2661, 318, 1994, 284, 1642, 428, 327, 5603, 670, 13, 34920, 534, 5386, 257, 5466, 326, 345, 821, 6792, 351, 11, 290, 345, 1183, 1064, 517, 661, 12264, 319, 326, 4936, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 1157, 25, 3954, 5521, 628, 198, 1890, 1728, 1597, 4981, 11, 262, 366, 5122, 5521, 1, 1107, 318, 262, 1266, 327, 5603, 3038, 11, 290, 994, 338, 1521, 25, 780, 329, 20643, 20811, 11, 13028, 15441, 11, 290, 584, 17038, 508, 1057, 2139, 12, 3106, 1597, 4981, 11, 262, 9432, 318, 284, 11508, 2785, 4297, 656, 1762, 351, 606, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 2147, 1139, 366, 4342, 338, 1521, 345, 815, 670, 351, 502, 553, 588, 257, 327, 5603, 4936, 326, 5983, 345, 284, 257, 13393, 15320, 5901, 351, 2180, 4493, 13, 632, 2523, 661, 644, 345, 821, 6007, 286, 11, 290, 7584, 326, 5032, 319, 1336, 3359, 13, 198, 198, 20238, 262, 2842, 284, 1302, 503, 287, 534, 4866, 16502, 994, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 1065, 25, 22168, 628, 198, 46, 1860, 306, 1576, 11, 428, 373, 1752, 7477, 34, 7658, 338, 327, 5603, 13, 632, 318, 783, 366, 18234, 7477, 34, 553, 475, 340, 373, 366, 17875, 1739, 1, 329, 2407, 257, 981, 612, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 3763, 11, 340, 4753, 1595, 470, 1283, 8036, 379, 477, 11, 475, 340, 338, 1682, 10457, 13, 632, 7622, 340, 2208, 1790, 290, 9341, 11, 1611, 286, 588, 366, 16773, 319, 287, 526, 1318, 338, 645, 46029, 11, 645, 3833, 11, 655, 257, 10296, 299, 12587, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 329, 661, 508, 389, 1541, 2495, 474, 1967, 88, 546, 6196, 3249, 511, 2003, 5212, 11, 4379, 257, 2208, 8104, 12, 1891, 327, 5603, 318, 655, 262, 826, 1517, 13, 632, 5419, 284, 10152, 606, 656, 644, 318, 281, 13203, 24471, 42450, 286, 2551, 12, 8601, 13, 198, 198, 818, 584, 2456, 11, 16356, 1722, 460, 307, 973, 355, 257, 835, 284, 1037, 534, 4297, 28232, 617, 2565, 286, 1630, 393, 772, 4167, 286, 2000, 13, 632, 318, 257, 2891, 284, 1037, 511, 7016, 1181, 11, 1813, 262, 2863, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 1485, 25, 3060, 1675, 13690, 14, 33, 363, 628, 198, 25153, 326, 345, 821, 2045, 1088, 257, 9528, 4508, 3052, 13, 4525, 597, 304, 12, 27061, 2524, 286, 428, 3297, 11, 612, 389, 4263, 286, 262, 9528, 422, 477, 18333, 11, 287, 48259, 12019, 13, 1318, 389, 4981, 5762, 262, 8242, 11, 523, 345, 460, 1365, 5967, 644, 340, 561, 804, 588, 12666, 13, 198, 198, 1639, 460, 3393, 651, 16313, 12141, 11, 290, 804, 379, 326, 11, 612, 389, 635, 18199, 284, 5806, 351, 340, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1517, 318, 11, 618, 345, 766, 326, 366, 4550, 284, 13690, 1, 393, 366, 4550, 284, 20127, 1, 4936, 739, 281, 2378, 345, 821, 1541, 6568, 625, 11, 340, 338, 262, 2457, 4574, 345, 761, 284, 1682, 787, 262, 9735, 1998, 1103, 13, 198, 198, 2953, 326, 966, 11, 772, 611, 345, 836, 470, 651, 2279, 345, 1295, 287, 262, 6383, 11, 345, 821, 9735, 13, 921, 821, 5364, 284, 379, 1551, 39248, 257, 5001, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 2279, 4329, 523, 881, 517, 7895, 379, 326, 966, 13, 383, 3709, 329, 5466, 1716, 47460, 11, 262, 6383, 6140, 284, 36214, 351, 2785, 13, 632, 338, 257, 28576, 6594, 326, 338, 587, 28310, 416, 262, 327, 5603, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 1415, 25, 1867, 775, 2141, 628, 198, 26396, 11, 612, 318, 407, 257, 2060, 2223, 15942, 973, 287, 428, 327, 5603, 13, 10528, 284, 1560, 661, 644, 284, 466, 13, 632, 338, 2048, 355, 611, 345, 836, 470, 1337, 644, 262, 5386, 857, 11, 345, 821, 3501, 606, 1479, 6865, 13, 198, 198, 5779, 11, 428, 327, 5603, 743, 3729, 307, 49830, 11, 475, 340, 338, 4465, 287, 663, 898, 826, 13, 11382, 286, 340, 355, 2263, 281, 9856, 6339, 11, 810, 345, 4545, 661, 644, 534, 1664, 857, 11, 290, 1521, 11, 878, 4737, 606, 284, 5001, 1997, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 1309, 338, 1234, 340, 428, 835, 25, 3584, 428, 327, 5603, 28639, 43598, 2499, 11, 290, 318, 3729, 257, 1049, 5559, 284, 257, 517, 4574, 88, 11, 4200, 88, 3164, 11, 340, 338, 991, 39150, 319, 2279, 2073, 319, 262, 2443, 284, 772, 307, 28384, 319, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 423, 257, 14262, 2443, 11, 4283, 4263, 326, 3588, 470, 772, 28962, 286, 534, 4508, 11, 393, 262, 2695, 852, 5545, 11, 290, 281, 4045, 34377, 9581, 2443, 11, 788, 345, 1839, 470, 651, 881, 503, 286, 428, 327, 5603, 13, 1114, 661, 284, 765, 284, 2193, 517, 11, 484, 423, 284, 307, 33720, 717, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 1314, 25, 7281, 383, 6139, 628, 198, 2061, 11, 318, 340, 1165, 45002, 30, 921, 743, 6487, 783, 11, 475, 428, 318, 644, 8519, 3170, 511, 2104, 1597, 319, 11, 3505, 30, 23591, 319, 644, 345, 821, 4508, 318, 477, 546, 11, 428, 743, 655, 307, 5981, 13, 198, 198, 1890, 4554, 11, 611, 345, 423, 257, 40973, 19533, 1664, 11, 345, 2192, 836, 470, 761, 428, 327, 5603, 13, 1320, 318, 4556, 345, 423, 257, 4508, 649, 1720, 4219, 329, 257, 10883, 12, 11534, 19533, 13, 6674, 340, 338, 1509, 343, 306, 11, 31133, 88, 11, 290, 24960, 286, 257, 15121, 2613, 13, 198, 198, 20670, 11, 345, 561, 2251, 257, 9581, 2443, 329, 428, 649, 19533, 11, 290, 986, 198, 198, 1, 7155, 262, 6139, 1, 561, 6451, 787, 2565, 11, 3636, 470, 340, 30, 632, 561, 307, 5981, 11, 290, 340, 561, 1682, 1037, 284, 2222, 340, 477, 1978, 13, 198, 198, 15022, 364, 714, 3904, 340, 290, 307, 18665, 284, 262, 1720, 2443, 11, 810, 484, 714, 2193, 517, 546, 262, 1720, 338, 9391, 11, 3227, 1429, 11, 2756, 7621, 11, 290, 4045, 804, 13, 198, 198, 818, 584, 2456, 11, 772, 37276, 1310, 16356, 1722, 326, 836, 470, 2407, 1283, 7306, 460, 670, 1813, 262, 826, 4508, 393, 1720, 4219, 13, 2329, 780, 340, 743, 407, 1283, 826, 783, 11, 1595, 470, 1612, 340, 1839, 470, 670, 329, 345, 379, 617, 966, 287, 262, 2003, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 1433, 25, 1514, 17315, 628, 198, 32565, 1958, 743, 423, 428, 5017, 11, 340, 743, 772, 307, 644, 356, 892, 286, 618, 356, 3285, 428, 1948, 327, 5603, 11, 475, 340, 338, 257, 922, 530, 284, 2074, 13, 11382, 546, 340, 25, 262, 1388, 3061, 318, 284, 651, 661, 284, 1051, 510, 329, 257, 8683, 1848, 13, 198, 198, 2990, 635, 423, 257, 1479, 9931, 11, 475, 326, 530, 2125, 470, 7272, 23944, 11, 523, 340, 338, 3338, 284, 910, 340, 338, 262, 9233, 18663, 994, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 340, 2499, 13, 198, 198, 9627, 508, 905, 510, 780, 484, 1053, 2982, 286, 17315, 460, 1064, 340, 3538, 13, 843, 883, 508, 1956, 319, 262, 2443, 503, 286, 20136, 460, 2198, 503, 262, 3307, 11, 290, 991, 3853, 262, 1479, 9931, 2427, 11, 284, 1577, 340, 257, 1949, 717, 13, 6674, 326, 338, 477, 484, 761, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 17207, 11, 484, 389, 783, 2985, 286, 262, 2139, 13, 1406, 11, 611, 511, 3074, 1683, 2458, 11, 810, 3863, 484, 14241, 1194, 9931, 11, 393, 423, 257, 12263, 1487, 326, 561, 4414, 422, 2647, 21333, 1231, 262, 6133, 286, 24904, 11, 788, 986, 484, 1183, 3443, 467, 17315, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 423, 257, 2092, 2746, 11, 257, 1479, 2196, 290, 257, 3432, 530, 11, 340, 5419, 284, 1910, 1111, 11, 475, 4574, 262, 3432, 530, 7272, 329, 3489, 3840, 13, 2329, 787, 1654, 340, 338, 47460, 1576, 284, 787, 661, 765, 284, 1414, 329, 340, 319, 257, 9651, 4308, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 1558, 25, 5865, 3205, 2080, 3203, 628, 198, 4342, 338, 262, 1517, 25, 910, 644, 345, 481, 546, 6782, 2428, 290, 3013, 11224, 278, 319, 661, 345, 973, 284, 760, 11, 262, 1109, 286, 262, 2300, 318, 326, 749, 661, 423, 257, 3203, 7034, 13, 632, 338, 257, 25629, 12077, 1919, 2056, 9554, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 326, 2753, 257, 1310, 981, 284, 900, 510, 11, 826, 30, 1318, 338, 534, 1438, 11, 534, 4096, 1321, 11, 588, 10955, 11, 15383, 11, 1524, 11, 29555, 3722, 11, 4067, 11, 3503, 13, 198, 198, 6423, 612, 389, 262, 4263, 286, 3511, 345, 423, 284, 7773, 2922, 11, 262, 6782, 6460, 345, 815, 1278, 6201, 625, 11, 290, 3443, 11, 262, 661, 345, 815, 1545, 2581, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 338, 257, 2187, 1517, 13, 198, 198, 818, 1109, 11, 749, 1051, 12, 4739, 329, 1243, 389, 2760, 10621, 326, 1011, 881, 2392, 621, 749, 286, 514, 1337, 284, 4341, 319, 597, 530, 30741, 4876, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 326, 318, 810, 428, 327, 5603, 32481, 262, 33871, 13, 632, 2499, 739, 262, 10647, 326, 262, 938, 1517, 661, 765, 284, 466, 318, 4341, 640, 8415, 510, 329, 1223, 13, 1406, 2427, 11, 340, 4394, 606, 262, 2863, 284, 1051, 510, 351, 3203, 13, 198, 198, 2990, 460, 3904, 319, 262, 4936, 11, 1249, 7170, 284, 7330, 1321, 11, 290, 16153, 78, 11, 340, 338, 477, 1760, 13, 1439, 326, 1321, 318, 11172, 625, 11, 7720, 262, 640, 3377, 8415, 510, 287, 2063, 11, 379, 1551, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 338, 257, 1049, 15660, 11, 257, 1049, 299, 12587, 287, 262, 4571, 345, 765, 606, 284, 467, 13, 632, 23860, 4340, 11, 4394, 257, 4610, 11, 290, 1838, 340, 2562, 329, 262, 6491, 13, 632, 338, 257, 1592, 12, 5404, 3074, 13, 198, 198, 20238, 703, 284, 3551, 1029, 12, 1102, 48820, 3203, 9011, 994, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 1507, 25, 7214, 2185, 1318, 628, 198, 15468, 11, 661, 588, 284, 307, 33811, 284, 511, 10965, 11, 780, 11, 880, 11, 3360, 484, 836, 470, 423, 257, 10965, 287, 2000, 13, 843, 326, 338, 8788, 11, 484, 821, 655, 612, 284, 25675, 11, 1611, 286, 588, 345, 466, 8797, 345, 2513, 656, 257, 3650, 290, 651, 21272, 416, 530, 286, 262, 3085, 13, 198, 198, 28042, 345, 821, 319, 257, 845, 2176, 4365, 11, 345, 821, 1884, 284, 467, 284, 262, 3210, 366, 3137, 23182, 1, 3280, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 428, 327, 5603, 1107, 2058, 287, 15728, 1141, 883, 1661, 13, 632, 3607, 4297, 257, 2565, 286, 1630, 11, 3805, 407, 1719, 257, 2565, 286, 4571, 13, 632, 338, 6011, 262, 3038, 284, 307, 2077, 7382, 6196, 3499, 11, 884, 355, 257, 2176, 1720, 2443, 11, 281, 546, 2443, 11, 3503, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 1129, 25, 10472, 1550, 383, 2034, 9363, 628, 198, 1532, 345, 423, 281, 598, 11, 428, 318, 8780, 11, 780, 2506, 13423, 345, 284, 423, 534, 598, 1695, 319, 262, 2034, 9363, 13, 4042, 3399, 423, 33845, 11, 393, 584, 4196, 4410, 11, 884, 355, 262, 6305, 11, 393, 13133, 13, 1406, 326, 338, 1611, 286, 6393, 329, 1943, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 318, 2592, 2081, 329, 5175, 983, 6505, 13, 5334, 2187, 1597, 318, 1642, 5175, 1830, 329, 661, 284, 2883, 13, 1400, 2033, 286, 880, 12, 30473, 9293, 393, 9581, 5468, 481, 787, 257, 3580, 611, 511, 1720, 5468, 319, 262, 2034, 9363, 389, 7818, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 340, 1839, 470, 1037, 284, 751, 287, 597, 584, 327, 5603, 379, 326, 966, 13, 10889, 11, 345, 460, 751, 287, 257, 366, 20238, 3125, 1, 327, 5603, 11, 329, 1672, 11, 475, 2279, 661, 389, 1016, 284, 765, 284, 760, 481, 1541, 307, 319, 262, 1720, 2443, 319, 262, 2034, 9363, 986, 198, 198, 5574, 379, 1551, 815, 307, 13, 628, 198, 19693, 422, 18583, 1321, 357, 14108, 1597, 1438, 828, 284, 262, 2546, 286, 262, 598, 11, 8950, 2810, 11, 2479, 7955, 11, 8088, 11, 5205, 11, 5861, 11, 3503, 13, 318, 477, 8096, 319, 262, 2034, 9363, 13, 198, 198, 3152, 257, 2829, 366, 10002, 1550, 262, 2034, 9363, 1, 327, 5603, 11, 4297, 423, 1895, 284, 2279, 484, 714, 1683, 765, 284, 760, 878, 23202, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 1238, 25, 3497, 31026, 628, 198, 18465, 318, 517, 17101, 621, 428, 327, 5603, 11, 2592, 1141, 262, 1227, 286, 3269, 13, 6674, 772, 3945, 11, 618, 661, 1949, 757, 284, 4859, 284, 511, 968, 6280, 338, 21811, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 327, 5603, 318, 477, 546, 3599, 1223, 13, 632, 338, 257, 7002, 287, 617, 2565, 11, 1771, 340, 338, 257, 649, 3451, 11, 257, 13547, 7142, 11, 281, 2691, 1781, 11, 345, 1438, 340, 13, 843, 262, 9432, 318, 284, 35065, 661, 284, 651, 2067, 319, 511, 3061, 13, 198, 198, 20670, 11, 618, 20312, 351, 257, 880, 12, 30473, 9581, 2443, 11, 428, 460, 787, 329, 617, 1029, 32626, 13, 198, 198, 32, 922, 1410, 318, 284, 19330, 6088, 286, 2656, 16223, 290, 2008, 284, 19418, 262, 3061, 290, 787, 340, 257, 5874, 10552, 286, 644, 262, 4297, 714, 1607, 611, 484, 7690, 284, 467, 351, 345, 13, 34039, 11, 5742, 606, 766, 644, 852, 534, 6491, 3073, 588, 13, 198, 198, 6610, 386, 8171, 318, 284, 307, 845, 6496, 287, 534, 4866, 25, 628, 50286, 3581, 1867, 481, 484, 651, 422, 852, 534, 6491, 30, 1867, 2058, 351, 262, 9931, 30, 198, 50286, 3581, 4162, 345, 625, 2687, 2073, 6011, 1223, 2092, 30, 198, 50286, 3581, 1148, 612, 1988, 30, 9801, 329, 661, 338, 10230, 30, 1867, 338, 262, 1688, 4203, 286, 5442, 326, 345, 821, 4955, 30, 6674, 612, 338, 257, 34990, 2438, 11, 393, 617, 3297, 286, 10293, 3458, 393, 3614, 12, 2435, 2897, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 17393, 326, 12497, 511, 1459, 3074, 11, 23860, 4340, 351, 511, 2071, 7, 82, 828, 290, 3769, 257, 4610, 287, 262, 1296, 286, 644, 345, 821, 6011, 13, 198, 50284, 3581, 5740, 11, 428, 530, 318, 3573, 1593, 13, 3125, 523, 621, 262, 1334, 13, 632, 338, 262, 530, 326, 2173, 503, 262, 3950, 286, 511, 3074, 11, 290, 4394, 262, 3663, 284, 1487, 340, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 4889, 1675, 24439, 16018, 1303, 2481, 25, 19808, 628, 198, 1212, 327, 5603, 743, 407, 1283, 326, 2041, 13, 554, 1109, 11, 345, 821, 2192, 11263, 1521, 428, 318, 262, 938, 284, 1656, 319, 428, 5698, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 407, 523, 3049, 11, 612, 338, 617, 4732, 2622, 994, 284, 36830, 428, 9775, 34377, 327, 5603, 13, 1002, 345, 2391, 23905, 428, 2420, 319, 257, 4936, 379, 262, 4220, 286, 534, 9581, 2443, 11, 393, 319, 262, 1735, 286, 534, 4130, 11, 345, 821, 2192, 407, 1016, 284, 651, 881, 329, 534, 640, 13, 198, 198, 2949, 11, 644, 345, 761, 318, 1889, 85, 3883, 11, 543, 468, 587, 262, 2187, 7505, 286, 428, 11, 287, 1339, 345, 4398, 470, 6810, 416, 783, 13, 797, 2768, 3883, 13580, 82, 17700, 355, 5822, 11, 1464, 13, 198, 198, 1890, 1672, 11, 611, 345, 1064, 3511, 3555, 257, 4130, 1281, 319, 703, 284, 1716, 257, 1365, 3554, 379, 670, 11, 345, 1549, 1884, 307, 33720, 611, 257, 1310, 1461, 12, 929, 6011, 517, 9040, 319, 262, 2426, 27803, 4291, 262, 4220, 5228, 286, 262, 2443, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 338, 407, 287, 534, 835, 11, 475, 340, 338, 19787, 11, 290, 340, 338, 5981, 284, 644, 345, 821, 3555, 546, 13, 921, 821, 1541, 4609, 11, 345, 821, 10342, 329, 1321, 11, 9040, 11, 5608, 13, 843, 804, 379, 326, 11, 345, 460, 3802, 534, 3053, 2209, 11, 2277, 366, 27125, 553, 290, 651, 777, 9040, 1908, 3264, 284, 534, 13734, 13, 198, 198, 38582, 11, 345, 836, 470, 761, 284, 4341, 517, 640, 10342, 329, 9040, 13, 921, 714, 12383, 11, 1969, 262, 6444, 11, 290, 3393, 467, 466, 1223, 2073, 351, 534, 640, 11, 6970, 1336, 880, 326, 262, 2267, 290, 18894, 636, 318, 852, 12118, 329, 345, 355, 345, 2962, 319, 1223, 2073, 13, 198, 198, 2504, 318, 618, 428, 327, 5603, 2499, 13, 2080, 262, 826, 4732, 11, 340, 4329, 1223, 881, 517, 621, 34377, 13, 632, 338, 517, 286, 257, 2891, 11, 257, 1729, 12, 14689, 88, 530, 379, 326, 13, 3242, 1586, 1223, 24268, 318, 28639, 43598, 257, 2239, 287, 262, 4571, 286, 257, 15331, 22958, 11315, 6949, 13, 198, 198, 19633, 284, 27183, 534, 11315, 3965, 351, 1365, 4866, 16502, 30, 6914, 994, 13, 628, 198, 33874, 327, 5603, 18634, 1675, 17489, 3574, 628, 198, 22073, 286, 16356, 1722, 355, 262, 7846, 284, 3726, 257, 4200, 1429, 13, 1119, 821, 4465, 4899, 11, 1611, 286, 588, 26286, 290, 3012, 30437, 389, 284, 4875, 7124, 13, 198, 198, 18254, 278, 606, 815, 307, 534, 1271, 530, 8475, 355, 281, 19500, 13, 632, 338, 703, 345, 2652, 287, 1597, 0, 198, 198, 1537, 340, 338, 4577, 531, 621, 1760, 11, 356, 760, 13, 921, 1053, 2192, 3750, 832, 257, 2168, 286, 327, 5603, 3689, 11, 4856, 1123, 530, 11, 11263, 644, 345, 821, 1804, 2642, 13, 198, 198, 5574, 1365, 991, 11, 618, 345, 6810, 1223, 373, 37241, 510, 534, 11315, 2494, 11, 345, 2192, 1816, 736, 656, 534, 9581, 2443, 290, 13012, 340, 477, 11, 2845, 329, 262, 327, 5603, 11, 3612, 340, 550, 1223, 284, 466, 351, 262, 1486, 13, 198, 198, 1135, 1053, 477, 587, 612, 11, 836, 470, 5490, 13, 198, 198, 464, 922, 1705, 318, 326, 345, 836, 470, 761, 284, 4341, 5179, 319, 10902, 11, 3835, 11, 290, 584, 4133, 284, 2193, 262, 15910, 286, 262, 3292, 13, 921, 655, 761, 257, 3621, 45602, 286, 4213, 11, 588, 262, 3392, 287, 428, 7613, 11, 1310, 5698, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 612, 338, 1464, 262, 3038, 284, 503, 10459, 617, 286, 340, 11, 477, 286, 340, 11, 393, 655, 1576, 13, 921, 460, 772, 11078, 257, 17028, 284, 4545, 345, 262, 31001, 290, 900, 2279, 510, 13, 198, 198, 818, 1339, 345, 6825, 257, 1178, 11658, 11, 994, 338, 257, 4096, 45602, 286, 534, 4112, 1011, 23949, 25, 628, 50286, 3581, 9993, 284, 779, 362, 12, 18, 2456, 355, 534, 327, 5603, 13, 1881, 1573, 1595, 470, 2005, 340, 11, 290, 1997, 2392, 318, 655, 1016, 284, 5938, 345, 287, 262, 890, 1057, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 23087, 588, 366, 28311, 553, 393, 366, 2197, 553, 393, 772, 366, 9688, 14, 11338, 1, 389, 2842, 286, 4375, 287, 25615, 1231, 852, 17698, 4574, 88, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 23087, 588, 366, 5787, 1, 290, 366, 21928, 1, 779, 15331, 15660, 11, 543, 318, 1464, 8119, 284, 262, 5386, 13, 770, 318, 1521, 5873, 290, 8872, 14354, 389, 635, 4050, 13, 198, 198, 32365, 11, 428, 5419, 2987, 534, 327, 5603, 983, 290, 5732, 883, 4200, 13, 628, 198, 198, 8585, 7806, 2141, 272, 198, 198, 19962, 318, 257, 11315, 4866, 16002, 1900, 329, 5742, 617, 286, 262, 4387, 347, 17, 33, 2706, 290, 4875, 11394, 287, 2253, 10385, 517, 4979, 656, 4200, 13, 198, 198, 2215, 339, 338, 407, 3597, 546, 2241, 287, 262, 2368, 1048, 319, 465, 3052, 11, 339, 338, 5670, 319, 41759, 351, 3957, 2706, 284, 21229, 262, 13135, 503, 286, 790, 7124, 8872, 13, 198, 198, 8128, 618, 2706, 7696, 262, 7625, 1022, 644, 484, 765, 284, 910, 290, 644, 511, 4297, 481, 1100, 986, 198, 198, 34, 49191, 11, 32626, 11, 290, 4200, 11, 481, 467, 5543, 35484, 13, 628, 198, 3064, 10, 6902, 26663, 45090, 17393, 16502, 48770, 198, 198, 8585, 7806, 2141, 272, 198, 198, 19962, 318, 257, 1277, 12, 26209, 4866, 16002, 351, 625, 257, 5707, 286, 13572, 3597, 2456, 326, 7696, 262, 7625, 1022, 644, 534, 1597, 765, 284, 910, 290, 644, 534, 4297, 765, 284, 1100, 13, 198, 198, 15784, 329, 517, 4866, 16502, 4133, 30, 198, 198, 15269, 10673, 3050, 532, 33160, 2141, 272, 41005, 11419, 930, 16777, 7820, 930, 17637, 290, 27617, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
5,947
Impact of Mobile Devices in the American Roofing Industry american roofing industry New technologies and everything they have to offer are changing the construction industry landscape all over the world. The American roofing industry is not spared. Smartphones Leading the Way Smartphones are at the forefronts of the technological advancements we are experiencing today. They revolutionized people’s access to information and technology in practically every business sector today. For the roofing industry, smartphones helped project managers and crews improve their efficiency through real-time communication, including voice, text and email. This improved communication also led to streamlining of sales and product-ordering procedure. Improved Customer Relations One area where smartphones created the biggest impact is in customer relations. Since customers want a prompt response from contractors, smartphones have become indispensable in business. Instead of relying on calls, more customers prefer digital communication because of the ease and convenience it presents. Smartphones not only provide access and communication with customers, but sales people can use them to customize their sales presentation with pictures and videos for roofing cost estimates. Using this relatively-inexpensive device, roofers can benefit from its rich features such as roof-pitch calculation, aerial measurement reports and fast access to customer information and schedule. Experts say the potential impact of smartphones on the roofing industry is too large to estimate at this time. Roofers must find the best way and time to use them optimally. One business organization that adopted smartphones into their system five years ago allowed the company to easily communicate with crews, respond to customers’ queries and generally improved the overall quality of its service. One aspect of business that benefited from the use of smartphones is in training. Training Sessions Made Easy Training sessions are recorded using smartphones and uploaded to the company’s private YouTube channel where sales and field personnel could download and view them at their convenience. This helps ease the pressure on having to learn certain techniques or business practices in a short time. In addition, it frees up the trainer to move on to other challenges instead of going over the same training materials for different people. Closing Sales Through Tablets Tablets show its strength in allowing the creation of custom contracts that customers can view on the spot, give their comments and conclude the deal with their signatures. They facilitate changes to work orders and product requests too by eliminating trips to the office or jobsite. Closing sales have become easier through the use of tablets since everything that is needed to finalize a sale could be found on the device. Contracts can be seen and annotated with just a few taps of the tablets. Customers can place their signatures on the screen as well.
[ 26950, 529, 286, 12173, 29362, 287, 262, 1605, 35271, 278, 17420, 198, 198, 2382, 7490, 9753, 278, 2831, 198, 198, 3791, 8514, 290, 2279, 484, 423, 284, 2897, 389, 5609, 262, 5103, 2831, 10747, 477, 625, 262, 995, 13, 383, 1605, 9753, 278, 2831, 318, 407, 31348, 13, 198, 198, 25610, 9708, 43225, 262, 6378, 198, 198, 25610, 9708, 389, 379, 262, 26401, 82, 286, 262, 14614, 47220, 356, 389, 13456, 1909, 13, 1119, 5854, 1143, 661, 447, 247, 82, 1895, 284, 1321, 290, 3037, 287, 14547, 790, 1597, 6567, 1909, 13, 198, 198, 1890, 262, 9753, 278, 2831, 11, 18151, 4193, 1628, 11663, 290, 18936, 2987, 511, 9332, 832, 1103, 12, 2435, 6946, 11, 1390, 3809, 11, 2420, 290, 3053, 13, 770, 6596, 6946, 635, 2957, 284, 4269, 21310, 286, 4200, 290, 1720, 12, 34555, 8771, 13, 198, 198, 35453, 22092, 13883, 198, 198, 3198, 1989, 810, 18151, 2727, 262, 4094, 2928, 318, 287, 6491, 2316, 13, 4619, 4297, 765, 257, 6152, 2882, 422, 17736, 11, 18151, 423, 1716, 35669, 287, 1597, 13, 5455, 286, 17965, 319, 3848, 11, 517, 4297, 4702, 4875, 6946, 780, 286, 262, 10152, 290, 15607, 340, 10969, 13, 198, 198, 25610, 9708, 407, 691, 2148, 1895, 290, 6946, 351, 4297, 11, 475, 4200, 661, 460, 779, 606, 284, 24184, 511, 4200, 10470, 351, 5986, 290, 5861, 329, 9753, 278, 1575, 7746, 13, 8554, 428, 5365, 12, 500, 42372, 2021, 3335, 11, 9753, 364, 460, 4414, 422, 663, 5527, 3033, 884, 355, 9753, 12, 79, 2007, 17952, 11, 17789, 15558, 3136, 290, 3049, 1895, 284, 6491, 1321, 290, 7269, 13, 198, 198, 38897, 910, 262, 2785, 2928, 286, 18151, 319, 262, 9753, 278, 2831, 318, 1165, 1588, 284, 8636, 379, 428, 640, 13, 35271, 364, 1276, 1064, 262, 1266, 835, 290, 640, 284, 779, 606, 6436, 453, 13, 198, 198, 3198, 1597, 4009, 326, 8197, 18151, 656, 511, 1080, 1936, 812, 2084, 3142, 262, 1664, 284, 3538, 10996, 351, 18936, 11, 3031, 284, 4297, 447, 247, 20743, 290, 4143, 6596, 262, 4045, 3081, 286, 663, 2139, 13, 1881, 4843, 286, 1597, 326, 25050, 422, 262, 779, 286, 18151, 318, 287, 3047, 13, 198, 198, 44357, 15184, 14446, 16789, 198, 198, 44357, 10991, 389, 6264, 1262, 18151, 290, 19144, 284, 262, 1664, 447, 247, 82, 2839, 7444, 6518, 810, 4200, 290, 2214, 8213, 714, 4321, 290, 1570, 606, 379, 511, 15607, 13, 770, 5419, 10152, 262, 3833, 319, 1719, 284, 2193, 1728, 7605, 393, 1597, 6593, 287, 257, 1790, 640, 13, 554, 3090, 11, 340, 2030, 274, 510, 262, 21997, 284, 1445, 319, 284, 584, 6459, 2427, 286, 1016, 625, 262, 976, 3047, 5696, 329, 1180, 661, 13, 198, 198, 2601, 2752, 17329, 9561, 8655, 912, 198, 198, 10962, 912, 905, 663, 4202, 287, 5086, 262, 6282, 286, 2183, 8592, 326, 4297, 460, 1570, 319, 262, 4136, 11, 1577, 511, 3651, 290, 13796, 262, 1730, 351, 511, 17239, 13, 1119, 15570, 2458, 284, 670, 6266, 290, 1720, 7007, 1165, 416, 18591, 13229, 284, 262, 2607, 393, 3946, 578, 13, 198, 198, 2601, 2752, 4200, 423, 1716, 4577, 832, 262, 779, 286, 17255, 1201, 2279, 326, 318, 2622, 284, 2457, 1096, 257, 5466, 714, 307, 1043, 319, 262, 3335, 13, 49199, 460, 307, 1775, 290, 24708, 515, 351, 655, 257, 1178, 34531, 286, 262, 17255, 13, 36707, 460, 1295, 511, 17239, 1849, 261, 262, 3159, 355, 880, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
562
Do you support Human Rights or sharia? Theresa May & Co and state media BBC play with race cards Theresa May & Co and state media BBC play with race cards Klevius "islamophobic" heroine Nawal El Saadawi from Egypt Klevius "islamophobic" heroine Nawal El Saadawi from Egypt Politicians against the people Politicians against the people Rule Britisharia Human Rightsphobia * Human Rights equality violating sharia islam Is UK turning into a militaristic unconstitutional islamofascist rogue state? Is UK turning into a militaristic unconstitutional islamofascist rogue state? British militarist neo-colonialism and conflict mongering British militarist neo-colonialism and conflict mongering Negative Human Rights for a Positive Human Future Klevius moral formula is a bedrock you can't beat: 1 There's no absolute and fixed moral in a dynamic society. Racist UK Government and BBC Racist UK Government and BBC While EU closes internal borders it opens external ones. While EU closes internal borders it opens external ones. The ultimate treason against people in England, Ireland and Scotland The ultimate treason against people in England, Ireland and Scotland True Brits for the islamofascist Saudi dictator family and against Human Rights Klevius "islamophobia" CV Klevius 1979: Human Rights for girls/women rather than religion Klevius 1979: Human Rights for girls/women rather than religion Racist Theresa May is robbing EU citizens of their Human Rights BBC's compulsory fee funded propaganda for Saudi sharia islam Support Klevius' Atheist anti-fascism against islamofascism So let's face islam with this definition. Saudi muslim war criminal and Human-rightsophobe is loved by BBC How an organization of islamic crimes (OIC) violates Human Rights What is "islamophobia"? Human Rights is diversity - sharia is the opposite Audi then built by Jewish slaves - today dangerous quality problems Myth vs Truth Tuesday, January 31, 2012 Cameron’s islamofascist right hand, Sayeeda Warsi: “You can have people with the wrong interpretation in all strains of islam” (sic). Klevius: So that’s why so many muslims have been tortured and murdered in the “Arab spring”?! Is she UK's most dangerous, racist and sexist under cover islamofascist? She certainly gets uncritical support from BBC's islamofascist propagnda machinery (rooted in BBC's commercial Mideast section - out of reach for critical scrutiny). Sayeeda Warsi in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, at islamofascist* OIC's headquarter in the world's most intolerant islamofascist nation.  * OIC, the worlds main muslim organization, forbids criticism of islam and demands its member states and other muslim groups to abandon the Universal Human Rights Declaration against fascism and to adopt their Human Rights violating Sharia (the so called Cairo declaration). If you need more details on how OIC's Sharia violates Human Rights please make a comment and Klevius will enlighten you with fatty details! In BBC's never ending series of misleading lies and propaganda about islam, Sayeeda Warsi was given one more piedestal from which to prove her complete ignorance about the origin of islam. She "presented" slave master Razia Sultana ("ruled" from 1236 a couple of years in Delhi) as her idol. Problem being that the muslims in Delhi/India used to be some of the worst human beings ever on the planet! K. S. Lal: From the day India became a target of Muslim invaders its people began to be enslaved in droves to be sold in foreign lands or employed in various capacities on menial and not-so-menial jobs within the country. To understand this phenomenon it is necessary to go into the origins and development of the Islamic system of slavery.  For, wherever the Muslims went, mostly as conquerors but also as traders, there developed a system of slavery peculiar to the clime, terrain and populace of the place. For example, simultaneously with Muhammad bin Qasim’s invasion of Sindh in early 8th century, the expansion of Arab Islam had gone apace as far as Egypt, North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula in the West, as well as in Syria, Asia Minor, Palestine, Iraq, Iran, Khurasan, Sistan and Transoxiana. In all these countries Muslim slave system grew and developed in its own way. There was constant contact between India and most of these countries in the medieval times. For example, as early as during the reigns of the slave sultans Iltutmish and Balban (1210-86), there arrived at their courts in Delhi a large number of princes with their followers from Iraq, Khurasan and Mawar-un-Nahr because of the Mongol upheaval.1 Many localities in Delhi and its environs were settled by these elites and their slaves, soldiers and scholars. In Balban’s royal procession 500 Sistani, Ghauri and Samarqandi slave-troops with drawn swords used to march by his side pointing to the fact that a large number of foreign slaves from these lands had come to India in 13th-14th centuries.2 When the Mughals launched their conquest of India, there was the establishment of the Ottoman Empire in Turkey which at its height included present-day Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania and several other contiguous countries. Then there was the Safavid empire in Iran. The Ottoman Empire traded with Europe and imported “there indispensable stock of slaves. (Slav, as the word indicates), supplied by merchants, sometimes Jewish, from Verdun, Venice or elsewhere in Italy. Other slaves were brought from black Africa, eastern Europe and Turkish Central Asia.”3 The 1 Minhaj, 598-99; Farishtah, I, 73, 75. 2 Barani, 57-58. 3 Cambridge History of Islam, II, 524. The word slave, observes Ram Swarup, “is derived from Stavs, the Slavonic peoples of Central Europe. When they were captured and made bondsmen, they gave birth to die word ‘slave’”, The word as Revelation: Names of Gods, 23; also J.H. Kremers, The Legacy of Islam, 101. Sayeeda Warsi, you know, she who shouts pious muslims "idiots" on the Mr X "president" pic below (right down corner), says “You can have people with the wrong interpretation in all strains of islam” (sic).  Klevius comment: Really?! So how do we know who's hit the bull's eye with their particular "interpretation"? Doesn't that statement reveal a racist von oben attitude bordering either to insanity or megalomania. However, much more important than Sayeeda Warsi's strangea nd bigoted hypocritical views is the question about OIC's stamping on Human Rights and the British Conservative's eagerness to applaud it. A philosophical enlightenment for Sayeeda Warsi's and others understanding of Human Rights is to be find for free here. And as she lives in UK she might be interested in the islamofascist history of the Vikings. Islamic schizophrenia - is this the real "orientalism"? Scared journalists?! Media bribed by Arab islamofascist misinformation and smear campaigns How deep could media possibly bow in their service for islamofascism?! Background: A Google search on OIC (the world's main muslim organization which now rules the UN and has criminalized criticism of islam and introduced more or less compulsory Sharia to its 57 member states) and Aftonbladet (Scandinavia's biggest news paper) results in Klevius at the top! Perhaps Aftonbladet thinks the above is of minor interest for their readers who are instead fed by what you see below. Swedish-Norwegian Aftonbladet presents its own view on journalism by comparing freedom (non-violent) fighter and elected politician Geert Wilders with the mentally disturbed serial killer Breivik under the title 'Scared white men'! So let's apply Aftonbladet's method on a more appropriate target. Scared "black" men Mr X ”president” Mohammad Hussein Barakeh Obama, who “respects” islamofascism and wants it to conquer the US and the UN by supporting OIC, the world’s main Sharia organization against Universal Human Rights. And the muslim Washington sniper John Allen Williams, aka John Allen Muhammad who joined the Nation of Islam in 1987 and changed his surname to Muhammad and became a muslim serial killer as part of a jihad for Allah. The smear campaign against New Gingrich Klevius comment: If you check deeper I'm sure you will find some Muslim Brotherhood etc islamofascist connections to this Gingrich smearing as well! Gingrich is, after all, US last vanishing hope. Cure your ignorance about the origin of islam and the basis of Universal Human Rights and why islamofascist Sharia is - fascist Sunday, January 29, 2012 How many muslims are there, really, if we release the evil apostasy ban and let muslim women have Human Rights equality instead of Sharia rapeproduction? The fact that islam, the Arabic pillage and rape fascism, has managed to rapeproduce a significant amount of people doesn't indicate anything positive but should be seen as what it is namely the result of islam's original eviness. educate yourself about the mechanisms behind islam's origin by readin the Origin of Vikings The unbroken connection between original islam and the "modern" disguised one According to Amil Imani, Iran is not a muslim country Klevius comment: Dear Amil, don't you see the discrepancy?! Some lousy desert Arab thugs "conquered Iran (Persia), the greatest empire known in the history of man"!? Oh no, you better read more Klevius. What happened was exact what is happening now, i.e. infiltration via a ready made network! This muslim born apostate (?!) Mr X "president" was placed in the White House by the islamofascist Saudi dictator family with some additional asistance Amil: Obama had a golden oppotunity in 2009, to help those millions of Iranians who were shouting in the streets of Tehran “Obama: Are you with us or against us?” President Obama decided to work against them.  Sher: We know that Obama has appointed multiple members of the Muslim Brotherhood to high levels within the US government. We also know that some--if not many--of these appointments have actually been in the area of US national security! As the Brotherhood is the parent organization of al-Qaeda and Hamas--to name only two terrorist organizations--what in the world could Obama be thinking? In his Cairo speech, didn’t he blatantly mislead the world on how "Islam has been a part of America from the very beginning..........” misleading again about "Islam's magnificent history, its contributions to art, architecture, math, science etc.” Didn’t the Obama administration pull back all training materials used for the law enforcement and national security communities, in order to eliminate all references to Islam that some Muslim groups have claimed are offensive? Paving the way to exonerate Islam of any wrong doing, e.g. Maj Nidal Malik Hasan’s jihadist directed murder of 13 U.S. service personnel at Ft. Hood characterized as 'workplace violence’? Didn’t he eliminate traditional National Day of Prayer, yet throws a lavish dinner marking the end of Ramadan in our White House? It is said that you can tell a great deal about people by the company they keep. And who have been President Obama's close associates and mentors for many years, a partial list is given below and we will let people make up their own minds: 2. Reverend Jeremiah Wright, Obama's pastor for the last 20 years at the Trinity United Church of Christ who came under fire for his anti-American, racist and "inflammatory rhetoric 3. Louis Farrakhan is the black leader of the Nation of Islam and a prominent figure on the extremist scene by asserting hateful statements targeting Jews, whites and homosexuals. Mr. Farrakhan, in his address to the world at Saviors' Day 2008, said: "Brothers and sisters, Barack Obama to me, is a herald of the Messiah. Barack Obama is like the trumpet that alerts you something new, something better is on the way," the Muslim leader declared. "Would God allow Barack to be president of a country that has been so racist, so evil in its treatment of Hispanics, Native Americans, and Blacks? Would God do something like that? Yeah. Of course he would." William Ayers was part of the "domestic terrorist group" and a former leader of the Weather Underground. Ayers and Mr. Obama were members of the board of an anti-poverty group, the Woods Fund of Chicago, between 1999 and 2002. Moreover, Ayers contributed money to Obama's re-election fund to the Illinois State Senate in April 2001, as reported in State Board of Elections 5. Frank Marshall Davis was Obama's childhood mentor and was a communist. Obama had a relationship with someone who was publicly identified as a member of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA). Mr. Obama developed a close relationship with Frank Davis, almost like his son, listening to his "poetry" and getting advice on his career path. In his books, Obama confesses attending "socialist conferences" and coming into contact with Marxist literature. 7. Father Michael Pfleger is a controversial Roman Catholic priest, a pastor of St. Sabiana Church in Chicago, the largest African-American Catholic Church. "He gave Obama's campaign $1,500 between 1995 and 2001, including $200 in April 2001, about three months after Obama announced $225,000 in grants to St. Sabina programs" 8. George Soros, a controversial billionaire, "a major Democratic Party donor and anti-Israel crusader, has been a generous contributor to Barack Obama." How Soros Financed Obama's Campaign, Lyndon LaRouche, a Political Action Committee explains in detail. It appears that President Obama is perfectly willing to continue doing what he has done for the last three years to the United States and her citizens under the rubric of hope and change. He seems to believe that the US under an Islamic Caliphate is the choice he is making and gladly so...putting the members of the Muslim Brotherhood in key positions seems his aim. Sher: Do you see a way--other than another American Revolution--for the American people to fight against Obama’s dark plan for us and our country? Thursday, January 26, 2012 Islamofascist lawyer lies about Sharia. Why? Because it's so easy to dupe ignorant and naive non-muslims! An islamofascist UK lawyer's utter nonsense statement about Sharia Sadakat Kadri: Sharia courts are "good for the community as a whole" and "safeguard human rights". UK should become "more sharia-literate" because Sharia can be "compatible with the toughest human rights legislation". Klevius comment: This "lawyer" really manages to get everything wrong. Can he really be that stupid? I doubt it and then, sadly, the only explanation is islamofascist deception. This Sadakat Kadri cannot be unaware of OIC and their 1990 Cairo declaration (Sharia - see burning paper above) that sentence after sentence not only violates the most central tenets in the original UN Human Rights declaration from 1948 (aimed to hinder repetition of totalitarian fascist ideologies) but also openly states that in whatever issue other laws or rights do not comply with islamofascist Sharia then the latter prevails! Btw, what do you like that the dictator family (represented by Alwaleed bin Talal below) of the world's most intolerant country, Saudi Arabia, steers what you get on news and other media about islamofascism? And what do you make of the fact that so many muslims hate other muslims and are victims of their own Sharia (represented by Saif al-Islam Gaddaffi below)?   Educate yourself on the basis for REAL Human Rights Wednesday, January 25, 2012 The hidden Sharia agenda and the Judaic Penis-Vagina conflict The many faces of islam - and one that matters the most: OIC's Human Rights violating Sharia declaration in the UN (called islamic "human rights" for the purpose of deception)! A tale about a confused Jewish rabbi shooting himself in the foot while thinking he defends himself! But what's of interest here is how much he contributes to the suffering of others? Klevius comment: Dear confused (?!) rabbi, who has even tried to say it’s “sinister” to make voluntary lawful agreements and then to get them confirmed in a court?! This has nothing to do with Sharia. So to make it easier for you dear confused Jewish (?!) rabbi, let me explain it in an easy way by enlighting the “problem” from opposite angles: Whatever in Sharia happens to be lawful and constitutional simply isn’t part of Sharia in laws against Sharia (a muslim would still be able to sell a camel in the US)! Just like whatever Human Right that does not clash with OIC’s Sharia (Cairo declaration) isn’t part of the reason why OIC (the 1.5 Billion muslims’ world organization) had to abandon and violate UN’s 1948 Universal Human Rights Declaration (meaning real Sharia violates those rights of e.g. women that Human Rights protect - not to mention rights of so called "homosexuals", "infidels" etc etc)! Klevius comment: Not at all dear confused (?!) rabbi: You again forgot the Penis/Vagina thing that made the muslim variant of Judaism so more “successful” in sex slavery/rapetivism connected to apostasy ban and the denial of muslim women's right to marry non-muslims, and the subtle or open Sharia pressure against non-muslim wives to muslims to convert to islam (remember, less than ten Million Jews  vs 1.5 Billions muslims)! Klevius comment: Maybe because islam historically happens to be the most evil of the Judaic branches! And maybe because there are less than 10 Million Jews on decline but some 1.5 Billion muslims on the rise (that’s the difference between a Penis and a Vagina!)! The American Muslim community is predominantly middle class, eschews terrorism and votes Democratic. (Maybe that's the reason the Republican conservatives target it) A recent poll by the highly respected Pew Research Center shows that Muslims exhibit the highest level of integration among major American religious groups, expressing greater degrees of tolerance toward people of other faiths than do Protestants, Catholics or Jews. Klevius comment: First of all, if true these muslims are in no way representative of majority muslims in muslim Arab countries where Jews are completely eliminated! Secondly, as a non-believer, free from any entanglement in racist/sexist Jewish books, I can’t really appreciate the fact that other Judaic branches are intolerant as well. Educate yourself about islam - you might really need it! The muslim Origin of Vikings Tuesday, January 24, 2012 Is Gingrich the last bastion against constitutional islamofascsm (Sharia) in the US - and what will the Saudi dictator family controlled news media do about it? The treacherous and schizophrenic face of islam - an Ahmadiya muslim who doesn't count as a muslim by most muslims compares drawing caricatures with murder!? Klevius question: Has this Ahmadiya muslim, Harris Zafar, abandoned his Ahmadiya prophet to comply with main stream islamofascism a la the Saudi dictator family "guardians of islam" and OIC, their anti-Human Rights World organization for all muslims? What's an Ahmadiya "muslim" anyway? Not a muslim before he complies to racist/sexist Sharia! The Muslim World League held its annual conference at Mecca, Saudi Arabia in 1974 in which 140 delegations of Muslim countries and organizations from all over the world participated. At the conference, the League issued the following declaration: "Ahmadiyyat is a subversive movement against Islam and the Muslim world, which falsely and deceitfully claims to be an Islamic sect; who under the guise of Islam and for the sake of mundane interests contrives and plans to damage the very foundations of Islam." Both Ahmadi movements are considered non-Muslims by the Pakistan government, and this fact is recorded on their travel documents. By contrast, Ahmadi citizens from Western countries and some Muslim states perform Hajj and Umra, as the Saudi government is not made aware that they are Ahmadis when they apply for a visa. A court decision has upheld the right of Ahmadiyyas to identify themselves as Muslims in India. Some Muslims group both Ahmadi movements together and refer to them as “Qadianis”, and their beliefs as “Qadianism” (after the small town of Qadian in the Gurdaspur District of Punjab in India, where the movement's founder was born). However most, if not all, Ahmadis of both sects dislike this term as it has acquired derogatory connotations. Most Muslims will not use the term “Muslim” when referring to Ahmadis, even though both sects refer to themselves as such, citing the fatwas given by the Islamic scholars. However, as members of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement deny the prophethood of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, some Islamic scholars consider the Lahore Ahmadiyya to be Muslims. Muslim violence and persecution against Ahmadis has been widespread and continues even today Assimilated (?!)  Ahmadiya muslim Harris Zafar reveals his ignorance (?!) about islam:  Newt Gingrich said that the only way he would ever support a Muslim for the presidency of the United States is if that person would “commit in public to give up sharia”. To ask Muslims to publicly “give up sharia” is akin to asking them to publicly give up the Koran... Klevius comment: Thanks Harris for eventually admitting that Sharia law is inevitable for muslims. And what else is inevitable in islam?! So a medieval compilation of a set of justifications (copied and elaborated on Jewish texts) for injustice against slaves, women, non-muslims etc. ought to be accepted in US courts, according to Harris Zafar whose own muslim identity and Koran connection is, frankly, questionable, although it might fit in the Saudi/OIC islamofascist campaign to keep their puppet on the White House throne. This muslim born apostate (?) Mr X "president" was placed in the White House by the islamofascist Saudi dictator family with some additional asistance of the islamofascist Qatar dictatorship. What you hear in the news is mainly what Saudi islamofascist propaganda minister Alwaleed bin Talal buys you to hear by the help of Western oil money.                      Muslim schizophrenia Monday, January 23, 2012 Muslim Homophobe's hate speach on BBC Schizophrenic islam support BBC gives airtime to an islamofascist British Homophobe, Bashir Maan, who in stupid Wikipedia is portraited as: "Bashir Maan has played a major role in encouraging the Muslim community's confidence and integration in Glasgow and supporting mutual understanding and respect between communities" Klevius comment: Really!? A man who fulfills almost every criterion of being an islamofascist. Or what could you possibly say about a man who spits on Salman Rushdie and calls him a non-muslim, and who considers it good that gay people are persecuted, etc etc?! That's hate speech if anything and it's sanctioned by BBC without any traces of questioning or criticizing it! BBC: How do you cope with homosexuals/gay people within muslim society? Bashir Maan: Withi n muslim socity we look down on them. And we do it very frankly (sic). BBC: It must repress them somewhere (sic)? It must mean that they have to go under cover, lead double lives. And that can’t be healthy. Bashir Maan:  Yes, they do. It can’t be healthy for them but at least it’s healthy for the muslims. Klevius comment: This crystal clear encouragement of muslims to mistreat homosexuals is islamofascist hate speech and BBC, who knew about Bashir Maan’s  racist/sexist islamofascist views when they invited him,  didn’t react to his hate speech at all. BBC/Beyond belief in Klevius series Human Rights violating islamofascism in the West Mr X "president and his islamofascist pals Thursday, January 19, 2012 This rape accused islamofascist member of the Saudi dictator family spreads propaganda about Sharia, Gingrich etc via ABC, CNN, Fox, Disney etc while islamofascist CAIR spits and sues! Two muslims but only one of them, Alwaleed bin Talal, likes Sharia - the other, Saif al-Islam (the sword of islam) would probably prefer Human Rights right now while sitting imprisoned in the islamist Sharia spring of Libya! Immediately, when islam critical Newt Gingrichagain surged in the polls the Saudi steered propaganda machinery produced an "interview" aimed to kill his chances (remember what happened when Herman Cain got too popular?).  The islamofascist terrorist organization CAIR (Council for American islamist Saudi relations), you know, the creepy guys below Mr X "president" on the pic, who awarded the islamofascist Bridges TV (aimed to "teach" Americans about peaceful islam) boss who stabbed his wife nine times before he beheaded her for her wanting a divorce, has now openly admitted that there is no real islam or muslims without Sharia. I.e. like Turkish PM Erdogan used to tell us: "There's  no such thing as a moderate islam": This islamofascist terror organization CAIR is btw a frequent and very welcomed guest in the White House. The largest muslim "civil liberties" (what an oxymoron!) organization CAIR (mainly consisting of islamofascist lawyers busy suing everyone critical of Sharia islamofascism) in the US now condemns Newt Gingrich for saying he would only hire muslims to his administration if they renounced Shariah. According to these islamofscists Gingrich is "one of the nation's worst promoters of anti-muslim bigotry" and that "he is a segregationist". Klevius comment: "Segregationist"?! Who is the real segregationist? It's the world's main muslim organization, the Saudi initiated and Saudi headquarted OIC which is so segregationist so it even had to abandon UN's Universal Human Rights Declaration by replacing it with Human Rights violating Sharia!  Moreover, every honest muslim should easily be able to determine whether Gingrich's statement applies to him (I don't even mention 'her' because 'she' is anyway ALWAYS below the  muslim men folk - it's called sex segregation by the way - btw, did you hear about the middle aged muslim woman who in the UK had to get a 7 year old  boys permission to divorse?). Only there's one small problem, the apostasy ban, i.e. leaving islamofascism is considered the worst crime in islam! Monday, January 16, 2012 The Vagina, the Penis and a confused 10th circuit court ruling AGAINST the 1st amendment Why are there no Jews left in the Arab world - or are there? A populist but disastrous, hateful, racist and sexist Judaic ideology called islam threatens Human Rights Judaism (a late "branch" of Zoroastrianism) has from its beginning prospered on parasitism (slaves, rapetivism, i.e. sex slavery, interest etc)  and  has for some Millenia now cursed the world in different manifestations - the latest being islam. The Jews started by slaughtering Canaanites. Why? Because their God told them to do so. The very same God who later told them to fight the longest civil war against each other. And just like muslims now use to persecute and slaughter Jews, some of them also persecute "wrong muslims" like Shia etc. The old Abrahamic heritage is alive and well - but a disaster for Human Rights! Joseph Goebbels: “Think of the press as a great keyboard on which the government can play.” “Whoever can conquer the street will one day conquer the state, for every form of power politics and any dictatorship-run state has its roots in the street.” “If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it." Saif al-Islam, an other islamofascist we used to see flashing around before encountering his own Sharia Alwaleed bin Talal, rape accused member of the Saudi dictator family is eagerly spreading racist/sexist Sharia jihadism with a modern touch (media, Twitter, Disney, universities etc). Turkish islamist PM Erdoğan engaged in politics by joining the National Turkish Student Union, an anti-communist action group. In 1974 he directed and played the lead role in Goebbel’s play Maskomya, which presented Freemasonry, Communism and Judaism as evil. In 1976, he became the head of Beyoğlu youth branch of the islamist National Salvation Party (MSP). Erdogan: "There's no moderate islam"! The fascist finger points at YOU! I always used to wonder how decent looking people turned into fascists or accomplices to fascism, e.g. in Germany during the rule of National-socialism. But now with islam (the worst hate crime ideology known to history) with Saudi oil money not only taking over UN, our supposed bulwark against fascism, but also criminalizing criticism/research about islam, it all starts to make sense. Moreover, this is then presented in the form of two senseless oxymorons. Whereas the former is called “Islamic human rights” (i.e. Sharia), the latter is labeled “islamophobia”, which word then implies “racism” against muslims. And although most people understand it they also understand the social stigmatization it carries with it in a repressive climate of political correctness etc. So for  example, already Heinrich Himmler targeted “those who offended the national feelings of citizens”. Back then those hurt citizens were Germans, today they are muslims belonging to the Saudi/OIC caliphate/Umma nation. The evil appeal of “monotheisms” in general and islam in particular No one in her/his right mind could possibly believe in ”monotheism”. So from where do they all come? The answer is simple, from racism and sexism/sex segregation. If you want to be racist or sexist or perhaps even both, what could be more appealing than a legally sanctioned  ideology that transfers your racism/sexism to a “god” who then turns it into “righteousness”. Judaism, the world’s sole “monotheism” and its Vagina/Penis branches Judaism (a late ”branch” of Zoroastrianism) has in different manifestations cursed the world for some Millennia. The racist “chosen people” and sexist rapetivism , (i.e. female sex duties) approach. A crucial moment was when a particular branch of Judaism introduced the Penis as the sole custodian of one way (apostasy ban) “muslimhood”. This caused an explosion of “muslims”, although this development was paralleled with an even bigger explosion of abused slaves and parasitism in a variety of forms. But the real corner stone of all Judaic tradition, sex apartheid, has reached its peak in islam.  Muslims murdering mostly muslims but also many others A brief scan over main news reveals a strong and consistent pattern of muslims attacking muslims. However, this has a long tradnition i Judaic "monotheisms" but really got momentum when Judaic slave traders more extensively started populating surrounding civilizations after the conquest of Alexander the Great, hence also giving birth to what used to be called Hellenic Jews who then came to constitute the ideological body for major "civil wars" between Jews.And from there it has continued to an extent that there are no "Jews" left in the heartland of islam. Muhammad, according to muslim sources (Andrew G. Bostom 2006):     ..waited for some act of aggression on the part of the Jews of Khaybar, whose fertile lands and villages he had destined for his furnish an excuse for an attack. But, no such opportunity offering, he resolved in the autumn of this year [i.e., 628], on a sudden and unprovoked invasion of their territory. Ali (later, the fourth 'Rightly Guided Caliph', and especially revered by Shi'ite Muslims) asked Muhammad why the Jews of Khaybar were being attacked, since they were peaceful farmers, tending their oasis, and was told by Muhammad he must compel them to submit to Islamic Law. The renowned early 20th century scholar of Islam, David Margoliouth, observed aptly:     It is narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) ordered the date—palms of Banu Nadir to be burnt and cut. These palms were at Buwaira. Qutaibah and Ibn Rumh in their versions of the tradition have added: So Allah, the Glorious and Exalted, revealed the verse (K59:5): 'Whatever palm—tree you cut down or leave standing upon its roots, It is by Allah's command, and that He may abase the transgressors' [Shaikh Burhanuddin Ali of Marghinan]—in the Traditions...the Prophet plundered and despoiled the tribe of al—Mustaliq by surprise, and he also agreed with Asamah to make a predatory attack upon Qubna at an early hour, and to set it on fire, and such attacks are not preceded by a call...If the infidels, upon receiving the call [to Islam], neither consent to it nor agree to pay capitation tax, it is then incumbent on the Muslims to call upon God for assistance, and to make war upon them, because God is the assistant of those who serve Him, and the destroyer of His enemies, the infidels, and it is necessary to implore His aid upon every occasion; the Prophet, moreover, commands us so to do. And having so done, the Muslims must then with God's assistance attack the infidels with all manner of warlike engines (as the Prophet did by the people of Ta'if), and must also set fire to their habitations (in the same manner as the Prophet fired Baweera), and must inundate them with water and tear up their plantations and tread down their grain because by these means they will become weakened, and their resolution will fail and their force be broken; these means are, therefore, all sanctified by the law. Klevius advice to  “monotheists”: “Monotheisms” are not only semantic weirdos but often also directly ideologically and/or physically dangerous. So you have to abandon every “monotheism” asap if you want to adhere to Universal Human Rights. Thinking about a “universal islam”? Well, stop thinking! Parasitism can’t stand alone! Klevius correction of the 10th Circuit Court's insane, not to say childish, decision The 10th Circuit Court of Appeals' take on a democratic Sharia ban by more than 70% of the voters: "The only religious law mentioned in the amendment is Sharia law, which is defined in SQ 755 in religious terms: “Sharia Law is Islamic law. It is based on two principal sources, the Koran and the teachings of Mohammed.” Aplt. App. Vol. 1 at 179. Klevius comment and correction:  The very fact that "Sharia Law is Islamic law" makes it a non-religious law even if it happened to contain as "religious" considered stuff, precisely because, according to the main muslim world organization OIC (initiated by and headquartered in the most religiously intolerant dictatorship in the world, Saudi Arabia), all legislation ought to be in accordance with (i.e. not violate) islamic Sharia (as outlined in the so called Cairo declaration on "human rights" in islam). As a consequence OIC (i.e. mainly the Saudi dictatorship aided by some islamofascist Turks) has abandoned those very Human Rights that the US together with other nations have ratified as a bullwark against totalitarian laws.   Do you know this man? This unbelievable and anti-constitutional "president" chosen not democratically but by a Goebbelian like media propaganda playing on "racism" etc dirty cards now has more than a Billion dollars ready for vote trapping. This is the muslim born apostate (?!) MR X "president" who for some decades eagerly listened to a black hate preaching supremacist who awarded racist supremacist Farrakhan (Nation of Islam). This "president" also says he "respects" islam despite the sad and embarrassing fact that islam doesn't allow him to stop being a muslim (no matter if an apostate is punished here or in the "afterlife" this is considered the gravest of crimes in islam)! Talking about awards, the creepy islamofascists who award a muslim wife murderer on the pic to the left also happens to be the representatives of the islamofascist organization (CAIR) behind the law suit opposing the democratic Sharia ban mentioned above.
[ 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 198, 198, 5211, 345, 1104, 5524, 6923, 393, 427, 10312, 30, 628, 628, 628, 628, 198, 198, 464, 14625, 1737, 1222, 1766, 290, 1181, 2056, 7823, 711, 351, 3234, 4116, 198, 198, 464, 14625, 1737, 1222, 1766, 290, 1181, 2056, 7823, 711, 351, 3234, 4116, 628, 628, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 366, 271, 2543, 23468, 1, 41487, 41179, 282, 2574, 10318, 324, 23368, 422, 6365, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 366, 271, 2543, 23468, 1, 41487, 41179, 282, 2574, 10318, 324, 23368, 422, 6365, 198, 198, 39866, 5106, 1028, 262, 661, 198, 198, 39866, 5106, 1028, 262, 661, 198, 198, 31929, 3517, 10312, 5524, 6923, 746, 30665, 628, 198, 198, 9, 5524, 6923, 10537, 18134, 427, 10312, 318, 2543, 198, 198, 3792, 3482, 6225, 656, 257, 28131, 2569, 20727, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 23586, 1181, 30, 198, 198, 3792, 3482, 6225, 656, 257, 28131, 2569, 20727, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 23586, 1181, 30, 628, 198, 25631, 28131, 396, 19102, 12, 49787, 1042, 290, 5358, 285, 506, 1586, 198, 198, 25631, 28131, 396, 19102, 12, 49787, 1042, 290, 5358, 285, 506, 1586, 628, 628, 628, 628, 198, 198, 32863, 876, 5524, 6923, 329, 257, 33733, 5524, 10898, 628, 628, 628, 628, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 6573, 10451, 318, 257, 47856, 345, 460, 470, 4405, 25, 198, 198, 16, 1318, 338, 645, 4112, 290, 5969, 6573, 287, 257, 8925, 3592, 13, 628, 628, 628, 628, 198, 49, 20279, 3482, 5070, 290, 7823, 198, 198, 49, 20279, 3482, 5070, 290, 7823, 628, 628, 628, 628, 198, 3633, 4576, 20612, 5387, 11637, 340, 9808, 7097, 3392, 13, 198, 198, 3633, 4576, 20612, 5387, 11637, 340, 9808, 7097, 3392, 13, 628, 628, 628, 198, 198, 464, 8713, 32204, 1028, 661, 287, 4492, 11, 7517, 290, 8838, 198, 198, 464, 8713, 32204, 1028, 661, 287, 4492, 11, 7517, 290, 8838, 198, 198, 17821, 2490, 82, 329, 262, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 7420, 26671, 1641, 290, 1028, 5524, 6923, 628, 628, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 366, 271, 2543, 19851, 1, 26196, 628, 628, 628, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 13521, 25, 5524, 6923, 329, 4813, 14, 25878, 2138, 621, 5737, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 13521, 25, 5524, 6923, 329, 4813, 14, 25878, 2138, 621, 5737, 628, 198, 198, 49, 20279, 20251, 1737, 318, 47162, 4576, 4290, 286, 511, 5524, 6923, 628, 628, 628, 198, 198, 33833, 338, 31967, 6838, 10588, 11613, 329, 7420, 427, 10312, 318, 2543, 198, 198, 15514, 509, 2768, 3754, 6, 27751, 396, 3098, 12, 69, 3372, 1042, 1028, 318, 2543, 1659, 3372, 1042, 628, 628, 198, 198, 2396, 1309, 338, 1986, 318, 2543, 351, 428, 6770, 13, 628, 628, 198, 36939, 1928, 2475, 1175, 4301, 290, 5524, 12, 28046, 2522, 5910, 318, 6151, 416, 7823, 628, 628, 628, 198, 198, 2437, 281, 4009, 286, 318, 2543, 291, 6741, 357, 46, 2149, 8, 21806, 5524, 6923, 628, 198, 2061, 318, 366, 271, 2543, 19851, 13984, 198, 198, 20490, 6923, 318, 9573, 532, 427, 10312, 318, 262, 6697, 628, 628, 628, 198, 16353, 72, 788, 3170, 416, 5582, 13384, 532, 1909, 4923, 3081, 2761, 198, 198, 41444, 3691, 14056, 198, 198, 26133, 11, 3269, 3261, 11, 2321, 198, 198, 34, 41639, 447, 247, 82, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 826, 1021, 11, 13816, 2308, 64, 6176, 72, 25, 564, 250, 1639, 460, 423, 661, 351, 262, 2642, 10794, 287, 477, 21245, 286, 318, 2543, 447, 251, 357, 21383, 737, 509, 2768, 3754, 25, 1406, 326, 447, 247, 82, 1521, 523, 867, 1928, 2475, 82, 423, 587, 22485, 290, 12864, 287, 262, 564, 250, 31602, 6076, 447, 251, 12248, 198, 198, 3792, 673, 3482, 338, 749, 4923, 11, 9811, 290, 24651, 739, 3002, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 30, 198, 198, 3347, 3729, 3011, 4591, 36487, 1104, 422, 7823, 338, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 8928, 45658, 20230, 357, 305, 5191, 287, 7823, 338, 5068, 337, 485, 459, 2665, 532, 503, 286, 3151, 329, 4688, 14521, 737, 198, 198, 25515, 2308, 64, 6176, 72, 287, 449, 6048, 993, 11, 7420, 9671, 11, 379, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 9, 440, 2149, 338, 1182, 24385, 287, 262, 995, 338, 749, 20619, 415, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 3277, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 9, 440, 2149, 11, 262, 11621, 1388, 1928, 2475, 4009, 11, 44114, 7734, 286, 318, 2543, 290, 8665, 663, 2888, 2585, 290, 584, 1928, 2475, 2628, 284, 6871, 262, 14499, 5524, 6923, 24720, 1028, 31037, 290, 284, 11206, 511, 5524, 6923, 18134, 38627, 357, 1169, 523, 1444, 23732, 14305, 737, 1002, 345, 761, 517, 3307, 319, 703, 440, 2149, 338, 38627, 21806, 5524, 6923, 3387, 787, 257, 2912, 290, 509, 2768, 3754, 481, 19128, 268, 345, 351, 19251, 3307, 0, 198, 198, 818, 7823, 338, 1239, 7464, 2168, 286, 15850, 7363, 290, 11613, 546, 318, 2543, 11, 13816, 2308, 64, 6176, 72, 373, 1813, 530, 517, 279, 798, 395, 282, 422, 543, 284, 5879, 607, 1844, 17010, 546, 262, 8159, 286, 318, 2543, 13, 1375, 366, 25579, 276, 1, 11778, 4958, 38058, 544, 311, 586, 2271, 5855, 81, 6309, 1, 422, 1105, 2623, 257, 3155, 286, 812, 287, 12517, 8, 355, 607, 21580, 13, 20647, 852, 326, 262, 1928, 2475, 82, 287, 12517, 14, 21569, 973, 284, 307, 617, 286, 262, 5290, 1692, 9791, 1683, 319, 262, 5440, 0, 198, 198, 42, 13, 311, 13, 36683, 25, 3574, 262, 1110, 3794, 2627, 257, 2496, 286, 3765, 39417, 663, 661, 2540, 284, 307, 39216, 287, 3102, 1158, 284, 307, 2702, 287, 3215, 8604, 393, 9322, 287, 2972, 32484, 319, 1450, 498, 290, 407, 12, 568, 12, 3653, 498, 3946, 1626, 262, 1499, 13, 1675, 1833, 428, 10733, 340, 318, 3306, 284, 467, 656, 262, 15587, 290, 2478, 286, 262, 5533, 1080, 286, 13503, 13, 1849, 1114, 11, 14530, 262, 7045, 1816, 11, 4632, 355, 23875, 669, 475, 635, 355, 21703, 11, 612, 4166, 257, 1080, 286, 13503, 19501, 284, 262, 537, 524, 11, 15510, 290, 39003, 286, 262, 1295, 13, 1114, 1672, 11, 11640, 351, 15870, 9874, 1195, 292, 320, 447, 247, 82, 11796, 286, 44830, 71, 287, 1903, 807, 400, 4289, 11, 262, 7118, 286, 4498, 3449, 550, 3750, 2471, 558, 355, 1290, 355, 6365, 11, 2258, 5478, 290, 262, 314, 527, 666, 24078, 287, 262, 2688, 11, 355, 880, 355, 287, 4392, 11, 7229, 15367, 11, 17263, 11, 3908, 11, 4068, 11, 5311, 17786, 272, 11, 311, 4103, 290, 3602, 1140, 7484, 13, 554, 477, 777, 2678, 3765, 11778, 1080, 6348, 290, 4166, 287, 663, 898, 835, 13, 1318, 373, 6937, 2800, 1022, 3794, 290, 749, 286, 777, 2678, 287, 262, 19955, 1661, 13, 1849, 1890, 1672, 11, 355, 1903, 355, 1141, 262, 13580, 82, 286, 262, 11778, 264, 586, 504, 314, 2528, 26841, 680, 290, 8528, 3820, 357, 1065, 940, 12, 4521, 828, 612, 5284, 379, 511, 8028, 287, 12517, 257, 1588, 1271, 286, 42676, 351, 511, 10569, 422, 3908, 11, 5311, 17786, 272, 290, 46598, 283, 12, 403, 12, 45, 993, 81, 780, 286, 262, 42188, 46907, 13, 16, 4650, 1957, 871, 287, 12517, 290, 663, 17365, 343, 684, 547, 10282, 416, 777, 21887, 290, 511, 13384, 11, 5795, 290, 9123, 13, 554, 8528, 3820, 447, 247, 82, 15100, 37968, 5323, 1849, 50, 16688, 11, 11972, 35190, 290, 34077, 80, 26800, 11778, 12, 23528, 2840, 351, 7428, 19735, 973, 284, 9960, 416, 465, 1735, 10609, 284, 262, 1109, 326, 257, 1588, 1271, 286, 3215, 13384, 422, 777, 8604, 550, 1282, 284, 3794, 287, 1511, 400, 12, 1415, 400, 10675, 13, 17, 1649, 262, 337, 6724, 874, 5611, 511, 29179, 286, 3794, 11, 612, 373, 262, 9323, 286, 262, 34158, 8065, 287, 7137, 543, 379, 663, 6001, 3017, 1944, 12, 820, 44615, 11, 10315, 11, 27902, 11, 27229, 11, 23356, 290, 1811, 584, 48627, 2678, 13, 3244, 612, 373, 262, 6895, 8490, 13735, 287, 4068, 13, 383, 34158, 8065, 14018, 351, 2031, 290, 17392, 564, 250, 8117, 35669, 4283, 286, 13384, 13, 1849, 7, 11122, 615, 11, 355, 262, 1573, 9217, 828, 14275, 416, 21779, 11, 3360, 5582, 11, 422, 42270, 403, 11, 29702, 393, 8057, 287, 8031, 13, 3819, 13384, 547, 3181, 422, 2042, 5478, 11, 10183, 2031, 290, 9663, 5694, 7229, 13, 447, 251, 18, 383, 198, 16, 1855, 71, 1228, 11, 642, 4089, 12, 2079, 26, 6755, 680, 83, 993, 11, 314, 11, 8854, 11, 5441, 13, 198, 17, 2409, 3216, 11, 7632, 12, 3365, 13, 198, 18, 14457, 7443, 286, 3449, 11, 2873, 11, 642, 1731, 13, 383, 1573, 11778, 11, 34526, 7431, 2451, 283, 929, 11, 564, 250, 271, 10944, 422, 520, 615, 82, 11, 262, 34314, 9229, 14366, 286, 5694, 2031, 13, 1649, 484, 547, 7907, 290, 925, 13100, 3653, 11, 484, 2921, 4082, 284, 4656, 1573, 564, 246, 36341, 447, 247, 447, 251, 11, 383, 1573, 355, 33722, 25, 28531, 286, 15391, 11, 2242, 26, 635, 449, 13, 39, 13, 509, 2787, 364, 11, 383, 14843, 286, 3449, 11, 8949, 13, 198, 198, 25515, 2308, 64, 6176, 72, 11, 345, 760, 11, 673, 508, 34757, 45979, 1928, 2475, 82, 366, 312, 16228, 1, 319, 262, 1770, 1395, 366, 22540, 1, 8301, 2174, 357, 3506, 866, 5228, 828, 1139, 564, 250, 1639, 460, 423, 661, 351, 262, 2642, 10794, 287, 477, 21245, 286, 318, 2543, 447, 251, 357, 21383, 737, 1849, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 2912, 25, 16123, 12248, 1406, 703, 466, 356, 760, 508, 338, 2277, 262, 6473, 338, 4151, 351, 511, 1948, 366, 27381, 341, 13984, 28048, 470, 326, 2643, 7766, 257, 9811, 18042, 909, 268, 9408, 48622, 2035, 284, 30949, 393, 502, 13528, 5185, 544, 13, 2102, 11, 881, 517, 1593, 621, 13816, 2308, 64, 6176, 72, 338, 6283, 64, 299, 67, 1263, 5191, 45259, 5009, 318, 262, 1808, 546, 440, 2149, 338, 17977, 278, 319, 5524, 6923, 290, 262, 3517, 11132, 338, 11069, 1108, 284, 22517, 340, 13, 317, 17580, 35957, 329, 13816, 2308, 64, 6176, 72, 338, 290, 1854, 4547, 286, 5524, 6923, 318, 284, 307, 1064, 329, 1479, 994, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 355, 673, 3160, 287, 3482, 673, 1244, 307, 4609, 287, 262, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 2106, 286, 262, 16420, 13, 198, 198, 26723, 22794, 532, 318, 428, 262, 1103, 366, 13989, 282, 1042, 13984, 628, 198, 3351, 1144, 9046, 12248, 6343, 275, 8725, 416, 4498, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 32805, 290, 35180, 9964, 198, 198, 2437, 2769, 714, 2056, 5457, 9563, 287, 511, 2139, 329, 318, 2543, 1659, 3372, 1042, 12248, 198, 198, 21756, 25, 317, 3012, 2989, 319, 440, 2149, 357, 1169, 995, 338, 1388, 1928, 2475, 4009, 543, 783, 3173, 262, 4725, 290, 468, 4301, 1143, 7734, 286, 318, 2543, 290, 5495, 517, 393, 1342, 31967, 38627, 284, 663, 7632, 2888, 2585, 8, 290, 317, 701, 261, 2436, 324, 316, 357, 3351, 392, 26802, 544, 338, 4094, 1705, 3348, 8, 2482, 287, 509, 2768, 3754, 379, 262, 1353, 0, 8673, 317, 701, 261, 2436, 324, 316, 6834, 262, 2029, 318, 286, 4159, 1393, 329, 511, 7183, 508, 389, 2427, 11672, 416, 644, 345, 766, 2174, 13, 198, 198, 10462, 276, 680, 12, 21991, 20684, 317, 701, 261, 2436, 324, 316, 10969, 663, 898, 1570, 319, 14033, 416, 14176, 4925, 357, 13159, 12, 24498, 8, 10543, 290, 7018, 14971, 2269, 861, 6183, 364, 351, 262, 14946, 24069, 11389, 11868, 3719, 452, 1134, 739, 262, 3670, 705, 3351, 1144, 2330, 1450, 6, 0, 198, 198, 2396, 1309, 338, 4174, 317, 701, 261, 2436, 324, 316, 338, 2446, 319, 257, 517, 5035, 2496, 13, 198, 198, 3351, 1144, 366, 13424, 1, 1450, 198, 198, 5246, 1395, 564, 251, 22540, 447, 251, 29674, 22983, 2409, 539, 71, 2486, 11, 508, 564, 250, 15008, 82, 447, 251, 318, 2543, 1659, 3372, 1042, 290, 3382, 340, 284, 23875, 262, 1294, 290, 262, 4725, 416, 6493, 440, 2149, 11, 262, 995, 447, 247, 82, 1388, 38627, 4009, 1028, 14499, 5524, 6923, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 262, 1928, 2475, 2669, 26160, 1757, 9659, 6484, 11, 22430, 1757, 9659, 15870, 508, 5399, 262, 8741, 286, 3449, 287, 12923, 290, 3421, 465, 40358, 284, 15870, 290, 2627, 257, 1928, 2475, 11389, 11868, 355, 636, 286, 257, 14647, 329, 11475, 13, 198, 198, 464, 35180, 1923, 1028, 968, 29855, 628, 628, 628, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 2912, 25, 1002, 345, 2198, 9211, 314, 1101, 1654, 345, 481, 1064, 617, 3765, 17987, 3503, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 8787, 284, 428, 29855, 895, 6648, 355, 880, 0, 29855, 318, 11, 706, 477, 11, 1294, 938, 49047, 2911, 13, 198, 198, 34, 495, 534, 17010, 546, 262, 8159, 286, 318, 2543, 198, 198, 392, 262, 4308, 286, 14499, 5524, 6923, 290, 1521, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 38627, 318, 532, 28342, 628, 198, 21934, 11, 3269, 2808, 11, 2321, 198, 198, 2437, 867, 1928, 2475, 82, 389, 612, 11, 1107, 11, 611, 356, 2650, 262, 6181, 18584, 4107, 3958, 290, 1309, 1928, 2475, 1466, 423, 5524, 6923, 10537, 2427, 286, 38627, 7262, 25493, 30, 198, 198, 464, 1109, 326, 318, 2543, 11, 262, 17526, 9582, 496, 290, 7262, 31037, 11, 468, 5257, 284, 7262, 18230, 344, 257, 2383, 2033, 286, 661, 1595, 470, 7603, 1997, 3967, 475, 815, 307, 1775, 355, 644, 340, 318, 14811, 262, 1255, 286, 318, 2543, 338, 2656, 819, 1272, 13, 198, 198, 18123, 378, 3511, 546, 262, 11701, 2157, 318, 2543, 338, 8159, 416, 1100, 259, 262, 19349, 286, 16420, 198, 198, 464, 555, 25826, 4637, 1022, 2656, 318, 2543, 290, 262, 366, 23922, 1, 32192, 530, 198, 198, 4821, 284, 1703, 346, 314, 805, 72, 11, 4068, 318, 407, 257, 1928, 2475, 1499, 628, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 2912, 25, 23420, 1703, 346, 11, 836, 470, 345, 766, 262, 34466, 12248, 2773, 46356, 10326, 4498, 35052, 366, 1102, 421, 1068, 4068, 357, 30946, 544, 828, 262, 6000, 13735, 1900, 287, 262, 2106, 286, 582, 1, 22857, 3966, 645, 11, 345, 1365, 1100, 517, 509, 2768, 3754, 13, 1867, 3022, 373, 2748, 644, 318, 5836, 783, 11, 1312, 13, 68, 13, 45106, 2884, 257, 3492, 925, 3127, 0, 198, 198, 1212, 1928, 2475, 4642, 18584, 378, 357, 30, 8133, 1770, 1395, 366, 22540, 1, 373, 4624, 287, 262, 2635, 2097, 416, 262, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 7420, 26671, 1641, 351, 617, 3224, 355, 9311, 198, 198, 5840, 346, 25, 2486, 550, 257, 10861, 1269, 313, 9531, 287, 3717, 11, 284, 1037, 883, 5242, 286, 34608, 508, 547, 19642, 287, 262, 6483, 286, 20882, 564, 250, 15948, 25, 4231, 345, 351, 514, 393, 1028, 514, 30, 447, 251, 1992, 2486, 3066, 284, 670, 1028, 606, 13, 628, 1849, 28782, 25, 775, 760, 326, 2486, 468, 9899, 3294, 1866, 286, 262, 3765, 17987, 284, 1029, 2974, 1626, 262, 1294, 1230, 13, 775, 635, 760, 326, 617, 438, 361, 407, 867, 438, 1659, 777, 23976, 423, 1682, 587, 287, 262, 1989, 286, 1294, 2260, 2324, 0, 1081, 262, 17987, 318, 262, 2560, 4009, 286, 435, 12, 19058, 290, 15767, 438, 1462, 1438, 691, 734, 7417, 5745, 438, 10919, 287, 262, 995, 714, 2486, 307, 3612, 30, 198, 198, 818, 465, 23732, 4046, 11, 1422, 447, 247, 83, 339, 39340, 42154, 262, 995, 319, 703, 366, 16991, 468, 587, 257, 636, 286, 2253, 422, 262, 845, 3726, 2109, 492, 447, 251, 15850, 757, 546, 366, 16991, 338, 25023, 2106, 11, 663, 9284, 284, 1242, 11, 10959, 11, 10688, 11, 3783, 3503, 13, 447, 251, 31279, 447, 247, 83, 262, 2486, 3662, 2834, 736, 477, 3047, 5696, 973, 329, 262, 1099, 5394, 290, 2260, 2324, 5348, 11, 287, 1502, 284, 11005, 477, 10288, 284, 3449, 326, 617, 3765, 2628, 423, 4752, 389, 5859, 30, 350, 2703, 262, 835, 284, 43507, 378, 3449, 286, 597, 2642, 1804, 11, 304, 13, 70, 13, 12390, 399, 11624, 31745, 49482, 447, 247, 82, 32384, 7924, 5123, 286, 1511, 471, 13, 50, 13, 2139, 8213, 379, 45231, 13, 17233, 16264, 355, 705, 1818, 5372, 3685, 447, 247, 30, 31279, 447, 247, 83, 339, 11005, 4569, 2351, 3596, 286, 33189, 11, 1865, 12542, 257, 38957, 8073, 18730, 262, 886, 286, 37604, 287, 674, 2635, 2097, 30, 198, 1026, 318, 531, 326, 345, 460, 1560, 257, 1049, 1730, 546, 661, 416, 262, 1664, 484, 1394, 13, 843, 508, 423, 587, 1992, 2486, 338, 1969, 20093, 290, 44691, 329, 867, 812, 11, 257, 13027, 1351, 318, 1813, 2174, 290, 356, 481, 1309, 661, 787, 510, 511, 898, 9017, 25, 198, 17, 13, 47042, 40192, 12206, 11, 2486, 338, 22175, 329, 262, 938, 1160, 812, 379, 262, 22844, 1578, 4564, 286, 1951, 508, 1625, 739, 2046, 329, 465, 3098, 12, 7437, 11, 9811, 290, 366, 32272, 13214, 198, 18, 13, 5593, 6755, 17716, 7637, 318, 262, 2042, 3554, 286, 262, 8741, 286, 3449, 290, 257, 9208, 3785, 319, 262, 20440, 3715, 416, 33183, 30367, 6299, 10822, 6771, 11, 13216, 290, 35655, 13, 1770, 13, 6755, 17716, 7637, 11, 287, 465, 2209, 284, 262, 995, 379, 8858, 12706, 6, 3596, 3648, 11, 531, 25, 366, 39461, 82, 290, 15153, 11, 8732, 2486, 284, 502, 11, 318, 257, 28783, 286, 262, 38216, 13, 8732, 2486, 318, 588, 262, 40334, 326, 21675, 345, 1223, 649, 11, 1223, 1365, 318, 319, 262, 835, 553, 262, 3765, 3554, 6875, 13, 366, 17353, 1793, 1249, 8732, 284, 307, 1893, 286, 257, 1499, 326, 468, 587, 523, 9811, 11, 523, 6181, 287, 663, 3513, 286, 30714, 11, 12547, 3399, 11, 290, 27875, 30, 10928, 1793, 466, 1223, 588, 326, 30, 9425, 13, 3226, 1781, 339, 561, 526, 3977, 13709, 364, 373, 636, 286, 262, 366, 3438, 4699, 7417, 1448, 1, 290, 257, 1966, 3554, 286, 262, 15615, 22153, 13, 13709, 364, 290, 1770, 13, 2486, 547, 1866, 286, 262, 3096, 286, 281, 3098, 12, 79, 24085, 1448, 11, 262, 16483, 7557, 286, 4842, 11, 1022, 7358, 290, 6244, 13, 10968, 11, 13709, 364, 8639, 1637, 284, 2486, 338, 302, 12, 14300, 1814, 284, 262, 9486, 1812, 3845, 287, 3035, 5878, 11, 355, 2098, 287, 1812, 5926, 286, 24473, 198, 20, 13, 5278, 13606, 7802, 373, 2486, 338, 9963, 22387, 290, 373, 257, 20555, 13, 2486, 550, 257, 2776, 351, 2130, 508, 373, 7271, 5174, 355, 257, 2888, 286, 262, 14884, 3615, 4916, 357, 8697, 14053, 737, 1770, 13, 2486, 4166, 257, 1969, 2776, 351, 5278, 7802, 11, 2048, 588, 465, 3367, 11, 8680, 284, 465, 366, 7501, 11973, 1, 290, 1972, 5608, 319, 465, 3451, 3108, 13, 554, 465, 3835, 11, 2486, 22127, 274, 11969, 366, 14557, 396, 19993, 1, 290, 2406, 656, 2800, 351, 26305, 9285, 13, 198, 22, 13, 9190, 3899, 350, 27919, 1362, 318, 257, 8381, 7993, 7835, 11503, 11, 257, 22175, 286, 520, 13, 9910, 7484, 4564, 287, 4842, 11, 262, 4387, 5510, 12, 7437, 7835, 4564, 13, 366, 1544, 2921, 2486, 338, 1923, 720, 16, 11, 4059, 1022, 8735, 290, 5878, 11, 1390, 720, 2167, 287, 3035, 5878, 11, 546, 1115, 1933, 706, 2486, 3414, 720, 18182, 11, 830, 287, 11455, 284, 520, 13, 9910, 1437, 4056, 1, 198, 23, 13, 4502, 27900, 11, 257, 8381, 18828, 11, 366, 64, 1688, 4390, 3615, 17052, 290, 3098, 12, 14040, 25164, 5067, 11, 468, 587, 257, 14431, 18920, 284, 8732, 2486, 526, 1374, 27900, 4463, 2903, 2486, 338, 13718, 11, 47309, 4689, 49, 280, 2395, 11, 257, 14611, 7561, 4606, 6688, 287, 3703, 13, 198, 1026, 3568, 326, 1992, 2486, 318, 7138, 4684, 284, 2555, 1804, 644, 339, 468, 1760, 329, 262, 938, 1115, 812, 284, 262, 1578, 1829, 290, 607, 4290, 739, 262, 6437, 1173, 286, 2911, 290, 1487, 13, 679, 2331, 284, 1975, 326, 262, 1294, 739, 281, 5533, 2199, 34981, 318, 262, 3572, 339, 318, 1642, 290, 35092, 523, 986, 1996, 889, 262, 1866, 286, 262, 3765, 17987, 287, 1994, 6116, 2331, 465, 4031, 13, 198, 198, 28782, 25, 2141, 345, 766, 257, 835, 438, 847, 621, 1194, 1605, 9303, 438, 1640, 262, 1605, 661, 284, 1907, 1028, 2486, 447, 247, 82, 3223, 1410, 329, 514, 290, 674, 1499, 30, 628, 198, 198, 25381, 11, 3269, 2608, 11, 2321, 198, 198, 16991, 1659, 31968, 6853, 7363, 546, 38627, 13, 4162, 30, 4362, 340, 338, 523, 2562, 284, 7043, 431, 20109, 290, 24354, 1729, 12, 14664, 2475, 82, 0, 198, 198, 2025, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 3482, 6853, 338, 10517, 18149, 2643, 546, 38627, 198, 198, 26699, 461, 265, 31996, 380, 25, 38627, 8028, 389, 366, 11274, 329, 262, 2055, 355, 257, 2187, 1, 290, 366, 49585, 15703, 446, 1692, 2489, 1911, 3482, 815, 1716, 366, 3549, 427, 10312, 12, 17201, 378, 1, 780, 38627, 460, 307, 366, 38532, 351, 262, 28212, 1692, 2489, 5520, 1911, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 2912, 25, 770, 366, 6270, 9860, 1, 1107, 15314, 284, 651, 2279, 2642, 13, 1680, 339, 1107, 307, 326, 8531, 30, 314, 4719, 340, 290, 788, 11, 21098, 11, 262, 691, 7468, 318, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 26337, 13, 770, 14668, 461, 265, 31996, 380, 2314, 307, 17261, 286, 440, 2149, 290, 511, 6303, 23732, 14305, 357, 2484, 10312, 532, 766, 9482, 3348, 2029, 8, 326, 6827, 706, 6827, 407, 691, 21806, 262, 749, 4318, 43820, 287, 262, 2656, 4725, 5524, 6923, 14305, 422, 21794, 357, 1385, 276, 284, 34541, 29693, 286, 34524, 28342, 35871, 8, 475, 635, 11764, 2585, 326, 287, 4232, 2071, 584, 3657, 393, 2489, 466, 407, 11997, 351, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 38627, 788, 262, 6846, 8654, 1768, 0, 198, 198, 33, 4246, 11, 644, 466, 345, 588, 326, 262, 26671, 1641, 357, 33469, 416, 978, 86, 1000, 276, 9874, 7193, 282, 2174, 8, 286, 262, 995, 338, 749, 20619, 415, 1499, 11, 7420, 9671, 11, 2876, 364, 644, 345, 651, 319, 1705, 290, 584, 2056, 546, 318, 2543, 1659, 3372, 1042, 30, 843, 644, 466, 345, 787, 286, 262, 1109, 326, 523, 867, 1928, 2475, 82, 5465, 584, 1928, 2475, 82, 290, 389, 4970, 286, 511, 898, 38627, 357, 33469, 416, 10318, 361, 435, 12, 16991, 402, 2860, 2001, 72, 2174, 19427, 5624, 198, 198, 33380, 378, 3511, 319, 262, 4308, 329, 32744, 5524, 6923, 628, 198, 27150, 11, 3269, 1679, 11, 2321, 198, 198, 464, 7104, 38627, 8666, 290, 262, 4794, 18452, 7507, 271, 12, 53, 363, 1437, 5358, 198, 198, 464, 867, 6698, 286, 318, 2543, 532, 290, 530, 326, 6067, 262, 749, 25, 440, 2149, 338, 5524, 6923, 18134, 38627, 14305, 287, 262, 4725, 357, 7174, 318, 2543, 291, 366, 10734, 2489, 1, 329, 262, 4007, 286, 26337, 31520, 198, 198, 32, 12838, 546, 257, 10416, 5582, 47326, 4395, 2241, 287, 262, 2366, 981, 3612, 339, 33446, 2241, 0, 887, 644, 338, 286, 1393, 994, 318, 703, 881, 339, 22625, 284, 262, 7195, 286, 1854, 30, 628, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 2912, 25, 23420, 10416, 357, 30, 8133, 47326, 11, 508, 468, 772, 3088, 284, 910, 340, 447, 247, 82, 564, 250, 31369, 1694, 447, 251, 284, 787, 16171, 20785, 11704, 290, 788, 284, 651, 606, 4999, 287, 257, 2184, 12248, 770, 468, 2147, 284, 466, 351, 38627, 13, 1406, 284, 787, 340, 4577, 329, 345, 13674, 10416, 5582, 357, 30, 8133, 47326, 11, 1309, 502, 4727, 340, 287, 281, 2562, 835, 416, 19128, 278, 262, 564, 250, 45573, 447, 251, 422, 6697, 18333, 25, 15935, 287, 38627, 4325, 284, 307, 20785, 290, 9758, 2391, 2125, 447, 247, 83, 636, 286, 38627, 287, 3657, 1028, 38627, 357, 64, 1928, 2475, 561, 991, 307, 1498, 284, 3677, 257, 41021, 287, 262, 1294, 31520, 2329, 588, 4232, 5524, 6498, 326, 857, 407, 19122, 351, 440, 2149, 447, 247, 82, 38627, 357, 34, 18131, 14305, 8, 2125, 447, 247, 83, 636, 286, 262, 1738, 1521, 440, 2149, 357, 1169, 352, 13, 20, 37085, 1928, 2475, 82, 447, 247, 995, 4009, 8, 550, 284, 6871, 290, 16967, 4725, 447, 247, 82, 21794, 14499, 5524, 6923, 24720, 357, 24815, 1103, 38627, 21806, 883, 2489, 286, 304, 13, 70, 13, 1466, 326, 5524, 6923, 1805, 532, 407, 284, 3068, 2489, 286, 523, 1444, 366, 26452, 8542, 82, 1600, 366, 10745, 312, 1424, 1, 3503, 3503, 31520, 628, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 2912, 25, 1892, 379, 477, 13674, 10416, 357, 30, 8133, 47326, 25, 921, 757, 16453, 262, 7507, 271, 14, 53, 363, 1437, 1517, 326, 925, 262, 1928, 2475, 15304, 286, 26976, 523, 517, 564, 250, 17212, 447, 251, 287, 1714, 13503, 14, 2416, 316, 25085, 5884, 284, 18584, 4107, 3958, 290, 262, 14425, 286, 1928, 2475, 1466, 338, 826, 284, 12479, 1729, 12, 14664, 2475, 82, 11, 290, 262, 11800, 393, 1280, 38627, 3833, 1028, 1729, 12, 14664, 2475, 17743, 284, 1928, 2475, 82, 284, 10385, 284, 318, 2543, 357, 38947, 11, 1342, 621, 3478, 23425, 6771, 1849, 3691, 352, 13, 20, 3941, 507, 1928, 2475, 82, 31520, 628, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 2912, 25, 6674, 780, 318, 2543, 15074, 4325, 284, 307, 262, 749, 6181, 286, 262, 4794, 18452, 13737, 0, 843, 3863, 780, 612, 389, 1342, 621, 838, 23425, 6771, 319, 7794, 475, 617, 352, 13, 20, 37085, 1928, 2475, 82, 319, 262, 4485, 357, 5562, 447, 247, 82, 262, 3580, 1022, 257, 7507, 271, 290, 257, 37203, 1437, 8133, 0, 198, 198, 464, 1605, 3765, 2055, 318, 20736, 3504, 1398, 11, 42833, 18504, 8649, 290, 5690, 4390, 13, 357, 13300, 326, 338, 262, 1738, 262, 3415, 12471, 2496, 340, 8, 317, 2274, 3278, 416, 262, 4047, 14462, 21805, 4992, 3337, 2523, 326, 7045, 15866, 262, 4511, 1241, 286, 11812, 1871, 1688, 1605, 4158, 2628, 11, 16621, 3744, 7370, 286, 15621, 3812, 661, 286, 584, 43028, 621, 466, 41713, 11, 21374, 393, 6771, 13, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 2912, 25, 3274, 286, 477, 11, 611, 2081, 777, 1928, 2475, 82, 389, 287, 645, 835, 8852, 286, 3741, 1928, 2475, 82, 287, 1928, 2475, 4498, 2678, 810, 6771, 389, 3190, 15254, 0, 34276, 11, 355, 257, 1729, 12, 6667, 47818, 11, 1479, 422, 597, 920, 648, 1732, 287, 9811, 14, 8044, 396, 5582, 3835, 11, 314, 460, 447, 247, 83, 1107, 9144, 262, 1109, 326, 584, 4794, 18452, 13737, 389, 20619, 415, 355, 880, 13, 198, 198, 33380, 378, 3511, 546, 318, 2543, 532, 345, 1244, 1107, 761, 340, 0, 198, 198, 464, 1928, 2475, 19349, 286, 16420, 198, 198, 26133, 11, 3269, 1987, 11, 2321, 198, 198, 3792, 29855, 262, 938, 19918, 295, 1028, 9758, 318, 2543, 1659, 3372, 5796, 357, 2484, 10312, 8, 287, 262, 1294, 532, 290, 644, 481, 262, 7420, 26671, 1641, 6856, 1705, 2056, 466, 546, 340, 30, 198, 198, 464, 45365, 290, 19991, 291, 1986, 286, 318, 2543, 532, 281, 7900, 76, 9189, 3972, 1928, 2475, 508, 1595, 470, 954, 355, 257, 1928, 2475, 416, 749, 1928, 2475, 82, 23008, 8263, 33674, 6691, 351, 5123, 22857, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 1808, 25, 7875, 428, 7900, 76, 9189, 3972, 1928, 2475, 11, 10026, 1168, 1878, 283, 11, 9958, 465, 7900, 76, 9189, 3972, 22298, 284, 11997, 351, 1388, 4269, 318, 2543, 1659, 3372, 1042, 257, 8591, 262, 7420, 26671, 1641, 366, 14864, 1547, 286, 318, 2543, 1, 290, 440, 2149, 11, 511, 3098, 12, 20490, 6923, 2159, 4009, 329, 477, 1928, 2475, 82, 30, 198, 198, 2061, 338, 281, 7900, 76, 9189, 3972, 366, 14664, 2475, 1, 6949, 30, 1892, 257, 1928, 2475, 878, 339, 2299, 444, 284, 9811, 14, 8044, 396, 38627, 0, 198, 198, 464, 3765, 2159, 4041, 2714, 663, 5079, 4495, 379, 35247, 11, 7420, 9671, 287, 16489, 287, 543, 12713, 8570, 602, 286, 3765, 2678, 290, 5745, 422, 477, 625, 262, 995, 14888, 13, 1629, 262, 4495, 11, 262, 4041, 4884, 262, 1708, 14305, 25, 366, 10910, 9937, 7745, 88, 265, 318, 257, 49685, 3356, 1028, 3449, 290, 262, 3765, 995, 11, 543, 24566, 290, 37268, 2759, 3667, 284, 307, 281, 5533, 15951, 26, 508, 739, 262, 34731, 286, 3449, 290, 329, 262, 11060, 286, 30741, 5353, 542, 380, 1158, 290, 3352, 284, 2465, 262, 845, 19369, 286, 3449, 526, 5747, 7900, 76, 9189, 8650, 389, 3177, 1729, 12, 36452, 416, 262, 7648, 1230, 11, 290, 428, 1109, 318, 6264, 319, 511, 3067, 4963, 13, 2750, 6273, 11, 7900, 76, 9189, 4290, 422, 4885, 2678, 290, 617, 3765, 2585, 1620, 29399, 73, 290, 21039, 430, 11, 355, 262, 7420, 1230, 318, 407, 925, 3910, 326, 484, 389, 24152, 271, 618, 484, 4174, 329, 257, 14552, 13, 317, 2184, 2551, 468, 24816, 262, 826, 286, 24152, 7745, 88, 292, 284, 5911, 2405, 355, 7045, 287, 3794, 13, 2773, 7045, 1448, 1111, 7900, 76, 9189, 8650, 1978, 290, 3522, 284, 606, 355, 564, 250, 48, 18425, 271, 447, 251, 11, 290, 511, 9056, 355, 564, 250, 48, 18425, 1042, 447, 251, 357, 8499, 262, 1402, 3240, 286, 1195, 18425, 287, 262, 402, 2799, 5126, 333, 5665, 286, 33328, 287, 3794, 11, 810, 262, 3356, 338, 9119, 373, 4642, 737, 2102, 749, 11, 611, 407, 477, 11, 24152, 271, 286, 1111, 48027, 23109, 428, 3381, 355, 340, 468, 9477, 44094, 369, 30078, 13, 4042, 7045, 481, 407, 779, 262, 3381, 564, 250, 17067, 447, 251, 618, 9759, 284, 24152, 271, 11, 772, 996, 1111, 48027, 3522, 284, 2405, 355, 884, 11, 12988, 262, 3735, 9776, 1813, 416, 262, 5533, 9123, 13, 2102, 11, 355, 1866, 286, 262, 30693, 382, 24152, 7745, 3972, 15477, 10129, 262, 16951, 12951, 286, 7381, 4496, 11972, 377, 321, 24152, 11, 617, 5533, 9123, 2074, 262, 30693, 382, 24152, 7745, 3972, 284, 307, 7045, 13, 3765, 3685, 290, 22839, 1028, 24152, 271, 468, 587, 10095, 290, 4477, 772, 1909, 198, 198, 8021, 26641, 515, 357, 30, 8133, 1849, 7900, 76, 9189, 3972, 1928, 2475, 10026, 1168, 1878, 283, 10069, 465, 17010, 357, 30, 8133, 546, 318, 2543, 25, 1849, 40893, 29855, 531, 326, 262, 691, 835, 339, 561, 1683, 1104, 257, 3765, 329, 262, 12112, 286, 262, 1578, 1829, 318, 611, 326, 1048, 561, 564, 250, 41509, 287, 1171, 284, 1577, 510, 427, 10312, 447, 251, 13, 1675, 1265, 7045, 284, 7271, 564, 250, 26535, 510, 427, 10312, 447, 251, 318, 22107, 284, 4737, 606, 284, 7271, 1577, 510, 262, 44097, 986, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 2912, 25, 6930, 10026, 329, 4191, 22688, 326, 38627, 1099, 318, 13203, 329, 1928, 2475, 82, 13, 843, 644, 2073, 318, 13203, 287, 318, 2543, 12248, 1406, 257, 19955, 23340, 286, 257, 900, 286, 655, 6637, 357, 22163, 798, 290, 45934, 319, 5582, 13399, 8, 329, 21942, 1028, 13384, 11, 1466, 11, 1729, 12, 14664, 2475, 82, 3503, 13, 10783, 284, 307, 6292, 287, 1294, 8028, 11, 1864, 284, 10026, 1168, 1878, 283, 3025, 898, 1928, 2475, 5369, 290, 44097, 4637, 318, 11, 17813, 11, 18269, 11, 3584, 340, 1244, 4197, 287, 262, 7420, 14, 46, 2149, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 1923, 284, 1394, 511, 30095, 319, 262, 2635, 2097, 19262, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 1928, 2475, 4642, 18584, 378, 357, 10091, 1770, 1395, 366, 22540, 1, 373, 4624, 287, 262, 2635, 2097, 416, 262, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 7420, 26671, 1641, 351, 617, 3224, 355, 9311, 286, 262, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 18286, 26457, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 345, 3285, 287, 262, 1705, 318, 8384, 644, 7420, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 11613, 5342, 978, 86, 1000, 276, 9874, 7193, 282, 24779, 345, 284, 3285, 416, 262, 1037, 286, 4885, 3056, 1637, 13, 628, 39172, 8828, 3765, 22794, 628, 198, 23810, 11, 3269, 2242, 11, 2321, 198, 198, 17067, 8074, 2522, 5910, 338, 5465, 693, 620, 319, 7823, 198, 198, 14874, 18337, 291, 318, 2543, 1104, 198, 198, 33833, 3607, 1633, 2435, 284, 281, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 3517, 8074, 2522, 5910, 11, 15743, 343, 6669, 272, 11, 508, 287, 8531, 15312, 318, 2493, 430, 863, 355, 25, 198, 198, 1, 33, 1077, 343, 6669, 272, 468, 2826, 257, 1688, 2597, 287, 12577, 262, 3765, 2055, 338, 6628, 290, 11812, 287, 23995, 290, 6493, 13584, 4547, 290, 2461, 1022, 5348, 1, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 2912, 25, 16123, 22857, 317, 582, 508, 8456, 2171, 2048, 790, 34054, 286, 852, 281, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 13, 1471, 644, 714, 345, 5457, 910, 546, 257, 582, 508, 599, 896, 319, 31995, 13063, 11979, 290, 3848, 683, 257, 1729, 12, 14664, 2475, 11, 290, 508, 14358, 340, 922, 326, 5650, 661, 389, 37501, 11, 3503, 3503, 12248, 1320, 338, 5465, 4046, 611, 1997, 290, 340, 338, 30572, 416, 7823, 1231, 597, 20675, 286, 14085, 393, 26816, 340, 0, 198, 198, 33833, 25, 1374, 466, 345, 19271, 351, 35655, 14, 22744, 661, 1626, 1928, 2475, 3592, 30, 198, 33, 1077, 343, 6669, 272, 25, 2080, 72, 299, 1928, 2475, 1307, 414, 356, 804, 866, 319, 606, 13, 843, 356, 466, 340, 845, 17813, 357, 21383, 737, 198, 33833, 25, 632, 1276, 1128, 601, 606, 7382, 357, 21383, 19427, 632, 1276, 1612, 326, 484, 423, 284, 467, 739, 3002, 11, 1085, 4274, 3160, 13, 843, 326, 460, 447, 247, 83, 307, 5448, 13, 198, 33, 1077, 343, 6669, 272, 25, 1849, 3363, 11, 484, 466, 13, 632, 460, 447, 247, 83, 307, 5448, 329, 606, 475, 379, 1551, 340, 447, 247, 82, 5448, 329, 262, 1928, 2475, 82, 13, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 2912, 25, 770, 15121, 1598, 27529, 286, 1928, 2475, 82, 284, 4020, 630, 35655, 318, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 5465, 4046, 290, 7823, 11, 508, 2993, 546, 15743, 343, 6669, 272, 447, 247, 82, 1849, 9811, 14, 8044, 396, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 5009, 618, 484, 9392, 683, 11, 1849, 1422, 447, 247, 83, 6324, 284, 465, 5465, 4046, 379, 477, 13, 198, 198, 33833, 14, 24102, 4901, 198, 198, 259, 509, 2768, 3754, 2168, 5524, 6923, 18134, 318, 2543, 1659, 3372, 1042, 287, 262, 2688, 198, 198, 5246, 1395, 366, 22540, 290, 465, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 39898, 628, 198, 25381, 11, 3269, 678, 11, 2321, 198, 198, 1212, 7262, 5371, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 2888, 286, 262, 7420, 26671, 1641, 26779, 11613, 546, 38627, 11, 29855, 3503, 2884, 9738, 11, 8100, 11, 5426, 11, 8519, 3503, 981, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 7257, 4663, 599, 896, 290, 424, 274, 0, 198, 198, 7571, 1928, 2475, 82, 475, 691, 530, 286, 606, 11, 978, 86, 1000, 276, 9874, 7193, 282, 11, 7832, 38627, 532, 262, 584, 11, 10318, 361, 435, 12, 16991, 357, 1169, 8429, 286, 318, 2543, 8, 561, 2192, 4702, 5524, 6923, 826, 783, 981, 5586, 21125, 287, 262, 318, 2543, 396, 38627, 6076, 286, 13465, 0, 198, 198, 3546, 23802, 11, 618, 318, 2543, 4688, 40893, 29855, 17776, 36061, 287, 262, 9231, 262, 7420, 49300, 11613, 20230, 4635, 281, 366, 3849, 1177, 1, 8998, 284, 1494, 465, 8395, 357, 38947, 644, 3022, 618, 25028, 28370, 1392, 1165, 2968, 29865, 628, 1849, 464, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 7417, 4009, 7257, 4663, 357, 40940, 329, 1605, 318, 2543, 396, 7420, 2316, 828, 345, 760, 11, 262, 23387, 3730, 2174, 1770, 1395, 366, 22540, 1, 319, 262, 8301, 11, 508, 11343, 262, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 41839, 3195, 357, 1385, 276, 284, 366, 660, 620, 1, 3399, 546, 12309, 318, 2543, 8, 6478, 508, 21512, 465, 3656, 5193, 1661, 878, 339, 307, 15353, 607, 329, 607, 10291, 257, 13609, 11, 468, 783, 11764, 6848, 326, 612, 318, 645, 1103, 318, 2543, 393, 1928, 2475, 82, 1231, 38627, 13, 314, 13, 68, 13, 588, 9663, 3122, 20065, 973, 284, 1560, 514, 25, 366, 1858, 338, 220, 1849, 3919, 884, 1517, 355, 257, 10768, 318, 2543, 1298, 198, 198, 1212, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 3246, 4009, 7257, 4663, 318, 275, 4246, 257, 10792, 290, 845, 15846, 8319, 287, 262, 2635, 2097, 13, 198, 198, 464, 4387, 1928, 2475, 366, 37636, 22008, 1, 357, 10919, 281, 10661, 4491, 261, 8133, 4009, 7257, 4663, 357, 12417, 306, 17747, 286, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 9326, 8179, 28941, 2506, 4688, 286, 38627, 318, 2543, 1659, 3372, 1042, 8, 287, 262, 1294, 783, 49758, 40893, 29855, 329, 2282, 339, 561, 691, 11078, 1928, 2475, 82, 284, 465, 3662, 611, 484, 8851, 8918, 15465, 9520, 13, 198, 198, 4821, 284, 777, 318, 2543, 1659, 1416, 1023, 29855, 318, 366, 505, 286, 262, 3277, 338, 5290, 43381, 286, 3098, 12, 14664, 2475, 28849, 1, 290, 326, 366, 258, 318, 257, 26718, 396, 1911, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 2912, 25, 366, 41030, 43068, 396, 1, 12248, 5338, 318, 262, 1103, 26718, 396, 30, 632, 338, 262, 995, 338, 1388, 1928, 2475, 4009, 11, 262, 7420, 16862, 290, 7420, 1182, 421, 19112, 440, 2149, 543, 318, 523, 26718, 396, 523, 340, 772, 550, 284, 6871, 4725, 338, 14499, 5524, 6923, 24720, 416, 13586, 340, 351, 5524, 6923, 18134, 38627, 0, 1849, 198, 198, 24606, 11, 790, 5508, 1928, 2475, 815, 3538, 307, 1498, 284, 5004, 1771, 29855, 338, 2643, 8991, 284, 683, 357, 40, 836, 470, 772, 3068, 705, 372, 6, 780, 705, 7091, 6, 318, 6949, 49576, 2174, 262, 220, 1849, 14664, 2475, 1450, 15504, 532, 340, 338, 1444, 1714, 26718, 416, 262, 835, 532, 275, 4246, 11, 750, 345, 3285, 546, 262, 3504, 9722, 1928, 2475, 2415, 508, 287, 262, 3482, 550, 284, 651, 257, 767, 614, 1468, 220, 1849, 13202, 7170, 284, 2659, 7615, 29865, 5514, 612, 338, 530, 1402, 1917, 11, 262, 18584, 4107, 3958, 11, 1312, 13, 68, 13, 4305, 318, 2543, 1659, 3372, 1042, 318, 3177, 262, 5290, 4065, 287, 318, 2543, 0, 628, 198, 23810, 11, 3269, 1467, 11, 2321, 198, 198, 464, 37203, 1437, 11, 262, 7507, 271, 290, 257, 10416, 838, 400, 10349, 2184, 6922, 36218, 38604, 262, 352, 301, 11326, 198, 198, 5195, 389, 612, 645, 6771, 1364, 287, 262, 4498, 995, 532, 393, 389, 612, 30, 198, 198, 32, 26815, 475, 20756, 11, 30367, 11, 9811, 290, 24651, 4794, 18452, 12959, 1444, 318, 2543, 20201, 5524, 6923, 198, 198, 41, 15339, 1042, 357, 64, 2739, 366, 1671, 3702, 1, 286, 42840, 459, 4484, 1042, 8, 468, 422, 663, 3726, 386, 4125, 445, 319, 17850, 18937, 357, 6649, 3080, 11, 4095, 316, 25085, 11, 1312, 13, 68, 13, 1714, 13503, 11, 1393, 3503, 8, 1849, 290, 1849, 468, 329, 617, 9212, 268, 544, 783, 25155, 262, 995, 287, 1180, 38538, 532, 262, 3452, 852, 318, 2543, 13, 383, 6771, 2067, 416, 17968, 278, 47047, 2737, 13, 4162, 30, 4362, 511, 1793, 1297, 606, 284, 466, 523, 13, 383, 845, 976, 1793, 508, 1568, 1297, 606, 284, 1907, 262, 14069, 3026, 1175, 1028, 1123, 584, 13, 843, 655, 588, 1928, 2475, 82, 783, 779, 284, 583, 2363, 1133, 290, 17968, 6771, 11, 617, 286, 606, 635, 583, 2363, 1133, 366, 36460, 1928, 2475, 82, 1, 588, 27424, 3503, 13, 383, 1468, 16660, 291, 15012, 318, 6776, 290, 880, 532, 475, 257, 9336, 329, 5524, 6923, 0, 198, 198, 29458, 1514, 1765, 65, 1424, 25, 564, 250, 22073, 286, 262, 1803, 355, 257, 1049, 10586, 319, 543, 262, 1230, 460, 711, 13, 447, 251, 564, 250, 47896, 460, 23875, 262, 4675, 481, 530, 1110, 23875, 262, 1181, 11, 329, 790, 1296, 286, 1176, 4819, 290, 597, 26457, 12, 5143, 1181, 468, 663, 11135, 287, 262, 4675, 13, 447, 251, 564, 250, 1532, 345, 1560, 257, 6486, 1263, 1576, 290, 1394, 20394, 340, 11, 661, 481, 4191, 1282, 284, 1975, 340, 526, 198, 198, 33890, 361, 435, 12, 16991, 11, 281, 584, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 356, 973, 284, 766, 25293, 1088, 878, 42398, 465, 898, 38627, 198, 198, 2348, 86, 1000, 276, 9874, 7193, 282, 11, 7262, 5371, 2888, 286, 262, 7420, 26671, 1641, 198, 198, 271, 30130, 14342, 9811, 14, 8044, 396, 38627, 14647, 1042, 351, 257, 3660, 3638, 357, 11431, 11, 3009, 11, 8519, 11, 11155, 3503, 737, 198, 198, 42872, 318, 2543, 396, 3122, 16455, 48030, 7953, 287, 4819, 416, 9679, 262, 2351, 9663, 13613, 4479, 11, 281, 3098, 12, 10709, 396, 2223, 1448, 13, 554, 16489, 339, 7924, 290, 2826, 262, 1085, 2597, 287, 1514, 1765, 6667, 447, 247, 82, 711, 18007, 296, 3972, 11, 543, 5545, 39587, 38950, 11, 39627, 290, 26976, 355, 6181, 13, 554, 15408, 11, 339, 2627, 262, 1182, 286, 1355, 8226, 33133, 2290, 6205, 8478, 286, 262, 318, 2543, 396, 2351, 40814, 3615, 357, 44, 4303, 737, 198, 198, 36, 4372, 9632, 25, 366, 1858, 338, 645, 10768, 318, 2543, 40484, 198, 198, 464, 28342, 7660, 2173, 379, 7013, 0, 198, 198, 40, 1464, 973, 284, 4240, 703, 7709, 2045, 661, 2900, 656, 48594, 393, 6424, 1063, 284, 31037, 11, 304, 13, 70, 13, 287, 4486, 1141, 262, 3896, 286, 2351, 12, 14557, 1042, 13, 887, 783, 351, 318, 2543, 357, 1169, 5290, 5465, 4065, 12959, 1900, 284, 2106, 8, 351, 7420, 3056, 1637, 407, 691, 2263, 625, 4725, 11, 674, 4385, 4807, 48542, 1028, 31037, 11, 475, 635, 4301, 2890, 7734, 14, 34033, 546, 318, 2543, 11, 340, 477, 4940, 284, 787, 2565, 13, 10968, 11, 428, 318, 788, 5545, 287, 262, 1296, 286, 734, 41439, 10661, 4491, 684, 13, 28016, 262, 1966, 318, 1444, 564, 250, 26723, 1692, 2489, 447, 251, 357, 72, 13, 68, 13, 38627, 828, 262, 6846, 318, 15494, 564, 250, 271, 2543, 19851, 447, 251, 11, 543, 1573, 788, 15565, 564, 250, 11510, 1042, 447, 251, 1028, 1928, 2475, 82, 13, 843, 3584, 749, 661, 1833, 340, 484, 635, 1833, 262, 1919, 43603, 1634, 340, 10732, 351, 340, 287, 257, 44430, 4258, 286, 1964, 29409, 3503, 13, 1406, 329, 1849, 1672, 11, 1541, 26431, 7527, 367, 8608, 1754, 7977, 564, 250, 25591, 508, 22231, 262, 2260, 7666, 286, 4290, 447, 251, 13, 5157, 788, 883, 5938, 4290, 547, 16064, 11, 1909, 484, 389, 1928, 2475, 82, 16686, 284, 262, 7420, 14, 46, 2149, 48051, 14, 52, 21672, 3277, 13, 198, 198, 464, 6181, 5198, 286, 564, 250, 2144, 20388, 6583, 447, 251, 287, 2276, 290, 318, 2543, 287, 1948, 198, 198, 2949, 530, 287, 607, 14, 14363, 826, 2000, 714, 5457, 1975, 287, 564, 251, 2144, 20388, 1042, 447, 251, 13, 1406, 422, 810, 466, 484, 477, 1282, 30, 198, 464, 3280, 318, 2829, 11, 422, 10713, 290, 24953, 14, 8044, 26718, 13, 1002, 345, 765, 284, 307, 9811, 393, 24651, 393, 3737, 772, 1111, 11, 644, 714, 307, 517, 16403, 621, 257, 11119, 30572, 1849, 12959, 326, 16395, 534, 10713, 14, 8044, 1042, 284, 257, 564, 250, 25344, 447, 251, 508, 788, 4962, 340, 656, 564, 250, 49955, 1108, 447, 251, 13, 198, 198, 41, 15339, 1042, 11, 262, 995, 447, 247, 82, 6195, 564, 250, 2144, 20388, 1042, 447, 251, 290, 663, 37203, 1437, 14, 25553, 271, 13737, 198, 198, 41, 15339, 1042, 357, 64, 2739, 564, 251, 1671, 3702, 447, 251, 286, 42840, 459, 4484, 1042, 8, 468, 287, 1180, 38538, 25155, 262, 995, 329, 617, 19007, 544, 13, 383, 9811, 564, 250, 354, 5233, 661, 447, 251, 290, 24651, 4095, 316, 25085, 837, 357, 72, 13, 68, 13, 4048, 1714, 10741, 8, 3164, 13, 317, 8780, 2589, 373, 618, 257, 1948, 8478, 286, 26976, 5495, 262, 7507, 271, 355, 262, 6195, 33702, 666, 286, 530, 835, 357, 499, 455, 4107, 3958, 8, 564, 250, 14664, 2475, 2894, 447, 251, 13, 770, 4073, 281, 11278, 286, 564, 250, 14664, 2475, 82, 447, 251, 11, 3584, 428, 2478, 373, 9315, 992, 351, 281, 772, 5749, 11278, 286, 15519, 13384, 290, 17850, 18937, 287, 257, 4996, 286, 5107, 13, 887, 262, 1103, 5228, 7815, 286, 477, 4794, 18452, 6761, 11, 1714, 38264, 11, 468, 4251, 663, 9103, 287, 318, 2543, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 36452, 33217, 4632, 1928, 2475, 82, 475, 635, 867, 1854, 198, 198, 32, 4506, 9367, 625, 1388, 1705, 10069, 257, 1913, 290, 6414, 3912, 286, 1928, 2475, 82, 9274, 1928, 2475, 82, 13, 2102, 11, 428, 468, 257, 890, 2083, 77, 653, 1312, 4794, 18452, 366, 2144, 20388, 6583, 1, 475, 1107, 1392, 12858, 618, 4794, 18452, 11778, 21703, 517, 20823, 2067, 1461, 8306, 7346, 35928, 706, 262, 29179, 286, 10009, 262, 3878, 11, 12891, 635, 3501, 4082, 284, 644, 973, 284, 307, 1444, 5783, 35866, 6771, 508, 788, 1625, 284, 15613, 262, 15735, 1767, 329, 1688, 366, 37636, 9976, 1, 1022, 6771, 13, 1870, 422, 612, 340, 468, 3767, 284, 281, 6287, 326, 612, 389, 645, 366, 47415, 1, 1364, 287, 262, 2612, 1044, 286, 318, 2543, 13, 198, 198, 33239, 14875, 11, 1864, 284, 1928, 2475, 4237, 357, 20508, 402, 13, 347, 455, 296, 4793, 2599, 1849, 47654, 11485, 10247, 863, 329, 617, 719, 286, 15569, 319, 262, 636, 286, 262, 6771, 286, 5311, 323, 5657, 11, 3025, 31192, 8604, 290, 15425, 339, 550, 23985, 329, 465, 34076, 281, 12226, 329, 281, 1368, 13, 887, 11, 645, 884, 3663, 6011, 11, 339, 12939, 287, 262, 23608, 286, 428, 614, 685, 72, 13, 68, 1539, 718, 2078, 4357, 319, 257, 4802, 290, 555, 15234, 6545, 11796, 286, 511, 7674, 13, 198, 198, 37893, 357, 36760, 11, 262, 5544, 705, 11028, 306, 1962, 1384, 2199, 13323, 3256, 290, 2592, 37184, 416, 16380, 6, 578, 7045, 8, 1965, 15870, 1521, 262, 6771, 286, 5311, 323, 5657, 547, 852, 7384, 11, 1201, 484, 547, 12309, 9818, 11, 44681, 511, 267, 17765, 11, 290, 373, 1297, 416, 15870, 339, 1276, 33729, 606, 284, 9199, 284, 5533, 3854, 13, 383, 22140, 1903, 1160, 400, 4289, 15606, 286, 3449, 11, 3271, 11899, 11106, 1536, 11, 6515, 47166, 25, 628, 628, 33477, 632, 318, 46190, 319, 262, 4934, 286, 705, 4826, 23969, 326, 262, 24306, 286, 11475, 357, 11261, 4167, 307, 2402, 683, 8, 6149, 262, 3128, 960, 18596, 907, 286, 10274, 84, 21877, 343, 284, 307, 22999, 290, 2005, 13, 2312, 39513, 547, 379, 9842, 86, 958, 64, 13, 1195, 29822, 571, 993, 290, 29375, 25463, 71, 287, 511, 6300, 286, 262, 6761, 423, 2087, 25, 1406, 11475, 11, 262, 2671, 9982, 290, 1475, 29590, 11, 4602, 262, 18527, 357, 42, 3270, 25, 20, 2599, 705, 21875, 18057, 960, 21048, 345, 2005, 866, 393, 2666, 5055, 2402, 663, 11135, 11, 632, 318, 416, 11475, 338, 3141, 11, 290, 326, 679, 743, 450, 589, 262, 44780, 669, 6, 198, 198, 58, 2484, 64, 13848, 5481, 7637, 44008, 12104, 286, 1526, 456, 259, 272, 60, 960, 259, 262, 8397, 1756, 986, 1169, 13583, 458, 917, 1068, 290, 748, 7501, 3902, 262, 14893, 286, 435, 960, 34320, 7344, 80, 416, 5975, 11, 290, 339, 635, 4987, 351, 1081, 321, 993, 284, 787, 257, 35341, 1368, 2402, 1195, 549, 2616, 379, 281, 1903, 1711, 11, 290, 284, 900, 340, 319, 2046, 11, 290, 884, 3434, 389, 407, 27165, 416, 257, 869, 986, 1532, 262, 1167, 312, 1424, 11, 2402, 6464, 262, 869, 685, 1462, 3449, 4357, 6159, 8281, 284, 340, 4249, 4236, 284, 1414, 1451, 3780, 1687, 11, 340, 318, 788, 23526, 319, 262, 7045, 284, 869, 2402, 1793, 329, 6829, 11, 290, 284, 787, 1175, 2402, 606, 11, 780, 1793, 318, 262, 8796, 286, 883, 508, 4691, 10978, 11, 290, 262, 41056, 286, 2399, 5775, 11, 262, 1167, 312, 1424, 11, 290, 340, 318, 3306, 284, 4114, 382, 2399, 6133, 2402, 790, 6695, 26, 262, 13583, 11, 33695, 11, 9729, 514, 523, 284, 466, 13, 843, 1719, 523, 1760, 11, 262, 7045, 1276, 788, 351, 1793, 338, 6829, 1368, 262, 1167, 312, 1424, 351, 477, 5642, 286, 1175, 2339, 11874, 357, 292, 262, 13583, 750, 416, 262, 661, 286, 11940, 6, 361, 828, 290, 1276, 635, 900, 2046, 284, 511, 7947, 602, 357, 259, 262, 976, 5642, 355, 262, 13583, 6294, 347, 707, 68, 8607, 828, 290, 1276, 43431, 378, 606, 351, 1660, 290, 11626, 510, 511, 49441, 290, 23153, 866, 511, 13020, 780, 416, 777, 1724, 484, 481, 1716, 24135, 11, 290, 511, 6323, 481, 2038, 290, 511, 2700, 307, 5445, 26, 777, 1724, 389, 11, 4361, 11, 477, 25417, 1431, 416, 262, 1099, 13, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 5608, 284, 1849, 564, 250, 2144, 20388, 1023, 447, 251, 25, 564, 250, 9069, 20388, 6583, 447, 251, 389, 407, 691, 37865, 7650, 418, 475, 1690, 635, 3264, 49764, 290, 14, 273, 10170, 4923, 13, 1406, 345, 423, 284, 6871, 790, 564, 250, 2144, 20388, 1042, 447, 251, 355, 499, 611, 345, 765, 284, 26325, 284, 14499, 5524, 6923, 13, 198, 198, 817, 8040, 546, 257, 564, 250, 40082, 318, 2543, 447, 251, 30, 3894, 11, 2245, 3612, 0, 45020, 18937, 460, 447, 247, 83, 1302, 3436, 0, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 17137, 286, 262, 838, 400, 13588, 3078, 338, 13251, 11, 407, 284, 910, 39765, 11, 2551, 198, 198, 464, 838, 400, 13588, 3078, 286, 20172, 6, 1011, 319, 257, 10518, 38627, 3958, 416, 517, 621, 4317, 4, 286, 262, 4446, 25, 366, 464, 691, 4158, 1099, 4750, 287, 262, 11326, 318, 38627, 1099, 11, 543, 318, 5447, 287, 49747, 767, 2816, 287, 4158, 2846, 25, 564, 250, 2484, 10312, 3854, 318, 5533, 1099, 13, 632, 318, 1912, 319, 734, 10033, 4237, 11, 262, 44097, 290, 262, 19564, 286, 19773, 13, 447, 251, 317, 489, 83, 13, 2034, 13, 4709, 13, 352, 379, 27228, 13, 198, 198, 42, 2768, 3754, 2912, 290, 17137, 25, 1849, 383, 845, 1109, 326, 366, 2484, 10312, 3854, 318, 5533, 1099, 1, 1838, 340, 257, 1729, 12, 27626, 1099, 772, 611, 340, 3022, 284, 3994, 355, 366, 27626, 1, 3177, 3404, 11, 10582, 780, 11, 1864, 284, 262, 1388, 1928, 2475, 995, 4009, 440, 2149, 357, 259, 8846, 515, 416, 290, 48583, 287, 262, 749, 42194, 20619, 415, 26457, 287, 262, 995, 11, 7420, 9671, 828, 477, 5520, 10783, 284, 307, 287, 10213, 351, 357, 72, 13, 68, 13, 407, 16967, 8, 318, 2543, 291, 38627, 357, 292, 16493, 287, 262, 523, 1444, 23732, 14305, 319, 366, 10734, 2489, 1, 287, 318, 2543, 737, 1081, 257, 12921, 440, 2149, 357, 72, 13, 68, 13, 8384, 262, 7420, 26457, 28310, 416, 617, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 28448, 8, 468, 9958, 883, 845, 5524, 6923, 326, 262, 1294, 1978, 351, 584, 7027, 423, 39067, 355, 257, 6473, 48542, 1028, 34524, 3657, 13, 1849, 628, 198, 1849, 5211, 345, 760, 428, 582, 30, 198, 198, 1212, 24479, 290, 3098, 12, 18789, 366, 22540, 1, 7147, 407, 48517, 475, 416, 257, 1514, 1765, 6667, 666, 588, 2056, 11613, 2712, 319, 366, 11510, 1042, 1, 3503, 11841, 4116, 783, 468, 517, 621, 257, 37085, 5054, 3492, 329, 3015, 43338, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 318, 262, 1928, 2475, 4642, 18584, 378, 357, 30, 8133, 17242, 1395, 366, 22540, 1, 508, 329, 617, 4647, 30130, 16399, 284, 257, 2042, 5465, 32037, 31352, 508, 11343, 9811, 31352, 6755, 17716, 7637, 357, 46108, 286, 3449, 737, 770, 366, 22540, 1, 635, 1139, 339, 366, 15008, 82, 1, 318, 2543, 3805, 262, 6507, 290, 18997, 1109, 326, 318, 2543, 1595, 470, 1249, 683, 284, 2245, 852, 257, 1928, 2475, 357, 3919, 2300, 611, 281, 18584, 378, 318, 16851, 994, 393, 287, 262, 366, 8499, 6042, 1, 428, 318, 3177, 262, 9067, 395, 286, 6741, 287, 318, 2543, 31520, 198, 198, 45904, 546, 13304, 11, 262, 23387, 318, 2543, 1659, 3372, 1023, 508, 5764, 257, 1928, 2475, 3656, 29262, 319, 262, 8301, 284, 262, 1364, 635, 4325, 284, 307, 262, 10826, 286, 262, 318, 2543, 1659, 31968, 4009, 357, 8141, 4663, 8, 2157, 262, 1099, 6050, 12330, 262, 10518, 38627, 3958, 4750, 2029, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
8,441
Defunct Games On Running Feuds Ep. 107:  And That's Why CNN Hates Us "You've got to say, 'I'm a HUMAN BEING, Goddamnit! My life has VALUE!' So I want you to get up now. I want you to get up right now and go to the window. Open it, and stick your head out, and yell: I'M MAD AS HELL AND I'M NOT GOING TO TAKE THIS ANYMORE!" News Flash: The media likes to pick on the video game industry. No matter what the topic is, the mainstream news media (CNN, Fox News, ABC, etc.) seems to have it out for us gamers. When you listen to the things people say about us on the news you might think we were guilty of bank robbery, vandalism, and worse, producing sitcoms for NBC. But we video game players aren't a bad lot; we just get a bad rub in the media. It's almost as if they hate us or something. The problem is not that the media hates us; it's not as simple as that. Not only are we dealing with people that choose not to understand us, but they go out of their way to mischaracterize the video game industry every step of the way. Some of it they do knowingly, but most of the time it comes down to the simple generational gap that has fueled many fires over many centuries. The problem comes down to the fact that your local news just doesn't know how to cover video game-related events. No matter what the story What has Wolf Blitzer done for us lately? is, when the mainstream media gets a hold of it always ends up having something to do with children. That is the subtext that runs through all of the mainstream media's coverage of video games; the idea is that it's children who play these games and not adults. Our problem isn't that these people hate us; it's that they genuinely believe that this industry is still kid's play. You don't have to search for too long to see this theme put to use. Think back If you can't figure out that Grand Theft Auto isn't intended for children than how can we trust you to tell us the truth about the stuff that really matters? to the controversy surrounding Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, all of the critics of Rockstar's epic got on their soapboxes and condemned the developers for exposing the youth to sex (and to a lesser extent, violence). The only problem is that San Andreas was never meant to be played by children. It was never marketed in children's magazines; there weren't adverts for it on mid-day TV or on Nickelodeon. The game came with a firm "M" rating that covered blood, gore, violence, language, drug use, and yes, even "strong sexual content." It's called Grand Theft Auto for crying out loud, the game was clearly not intended for children. Yet these facts seemed to pass right by Hillary Clinton, Brit Hume, and Wolf Blitzer. The media tore Rockstar Games apart for featuring fully clothed sex hidden in the game, because the children who weren't supposed to be playing the game in the first place might witness some action. And it's It seems crazy now, but there once was a time when Mad Magazine was considered pornographic by the mainstream media! not just the sex of Grand Theft Auto or the violence of Manhunt, no matter what video game story the media is telling they always come at it from the standpoint that it's young kids playing the games. This generational gap has reared its ugly head before, and it's no surprise that art triumphs over ignorance. When hip hop and rap ruled the street the media rallied against it with the same avidity they use these days to cover terrorism. And during the height of the Vietnam War the media's bull's eye was on rock 'n roll. And let's not forget that many still consider Mad Magazine to be over the line of decency. The list goes on and on, the only constant is that what is acceptable is always changes. Let's not forget that many of these newscasters who misrepresent the video game public are the same people who grew up in a time when playing Cowboys and Indians wasn't considered racist. The real crime here is that the people that purport to be journalists aren't doing their job when talking about video games. How difficult would it be to look up game buying habits? Certainly there must be studies out there that offer If Deborah Norville can't take the time out of her busy life to look up the facts about video game players then maybe we're all doomed! some insight into who is buying what and how old they are. If only there was a way for these trained journalists to find this information so that they didn't look like idiots to a large portion of the game playing public. Oh wait ... there is a way of finding out who buys what, there are studies performed all the time. Study after study shows that most video games aren't bought by young kids (or even the tweeners), instead we see that it's people in their twenties that buy (and play) the most games. The largest segment of gamers are those twenty-somethings that grew up playing games when it really was child's play. But like the fans, the video game industry has grown and matured, and these days you have games meant for adults, children, and everybody in between. Yet it would seem as though the media is stuck back in the days of Pac-Man, Super Mario Bros., and Asteroids. But don't let this stuff get down; these are just the growing pains that all forms of entertainment have to go through. When it comes right down to it the older generation never understands what the youth is up to, before long people have molded an opinion that they will stick with until they die. When movies were first invented fans of the Adorable as she may be, this young girl does not represent all video game players! stage were up in arms trying to protest what they considered to be an inferior format. When the television was introduced into the living room fans of movies hated the idea. Lawrence Welk fans hated the Beatles, Beatles fans hated Ice T, Roger Ebert hates video games, and fans of book hate everybody. It's just a vicious cycle. To prove this theory we turn to a surprising source, The Simpsons. This long-running Fox cartoon had a hard time booking Hollywood talent to make cameos in their first few seasons. Matt Groening laments in nearly every DVD box set that actors of a certain age simply refuse to perform on The Simpsons, they act as if it's just a children's show and it's below them. Even after 17 seasons there are still people who think that they are above some animated TV show, despite the fact that it is one of the longest running television shows of all time (not to mention the longest running animated show ever). Matt believes that once somebody has made up their mind about you there's almost nothing you can do to reverse their opinion. And that, unfortunately, is exactly what we're dealing with in the video game industry. Oh yeah, that's just what this article needs ... Simpsons nudity!! As long as the media believes that the only gamers out there are 13 year old kids we are never going to get a fair shake. No matter what the topic is, if everything is reported in this dishonest (and downright lazy) manner then video games will always be the problem. It's easy to see this bias when the media reports on video game violence or sex, but it's even apparent when they are talking about the benefits of playing games. Recently my local news reported on a study that showed that doctors who game end up being better all around surgeons. Instead of simply reporting this news the newscaster said, "Well Frank, I'm sure all of the young boys out there will be happy to know that all that practice is going towards something good." When the Xbox 360 launched last November it got a lot of play on the 24 hour cable news networks (CNN, MSNBC, Fox News, etc.). For the most part the reporters were nice to Microsoft, but just about every one of them made some comment about how you should get the "kids" away from the television or that it might be something to get your "young teens." One person on CNN went as far as to ask how "children" were going to be able to afford a $400 system with $60 games. The media just doesn't get it.
[ 7469, 16260, 5776, 198, 2202, 18162, 5452, 24786, 198, 13807, 13, 16226, 25, 1849, 198, 1870, 1320, 338, 4162, 8100, 367, 689, 4021, 198, 198, 1, 1639, 1053, 1392, 284, 910, 11, 705, 40, 1101, 257, 45850, 1565, 9348, 2751, 11, 8935, 34684, 270, 0, 2011, 1204, 468, 26173, 8924, 13679, 1406, 314, 765, 345, 284, 651, 510, 783, 13, 314, 765, 345, 284, 651, 510, 826, 783, 290, 467, 284, 262, 4324, 13, 4946, 340, 11, 290, 4859, 534, 1182, 503, 11, 290, 28946, 25, 314, 6, 44, 45878, 7054, 47899, 5357, 314, 6, 44, 5626, 10351, 2751, 5390, 21664, 7336, 12680, 15529, 23346, 2474, 198, 9980, 9973, 25, 383, 2056, 7832, 284, 2298, 319, 262, 2008, 983, 2831, 13, 1400, 2300, 644, 262, 7243, 318, 11, 262, 8661, 1705, 2056, 357, 18474, 11, 5426, 3000, 11, 9738, 11, 3503, 2014, 2331, 284, 423, 340, 503, 329, 514, 15072, 13, 1649, 345, 6004, 284, 262, 1243, 661, 910, 546, 514, 319, 262, 1705, 345, 1244, 892, 356, 547, 6717, 286, 3331, 18609, 11, 37260, 11, 290, 4785, 11, 9194, 37521, 82, 329, 9716, 13, 887, 356, 2008, 983, 1938, 3588, 470, 257, 2089, 1256, 26, 356, 655, 651, 257, 2089, 6437, 287, 262, 2056, 13, 632, 338, 2048, 355, 611, 484, 5465, 514, 393, 1223, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1917, 318, 407, 326, 262, 2056, 24702, 514, 26, 340, 338, 407, 355, 2829, 355, 326, 13, 1892, 691, 389, 356, 7219, 351, 661, 326, 3853, 407, 284, 1833, 514, 11, 475, 484, 467, 503, 286, 511, 835, 284, 2984, 22769, 1096, 262, 2008, 983, 2831, 790, 2239, 286, 262, 835, 13, 2773, 286, 340, 484, 466, 26526, 11, 475, 749, 286, 262, 640, 340, 2058, 866, 284, 262, 2829, 48837, 7625, 326, 468, 24959, 867, 12252, 625, 867, 10675, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1917, 2058, 866, 284, 262, 1109, 326, 534, 1957, 1705, 655, 1595, 470, 760, 703, 284, 3002, 2008, 983, 12, 5363, 2995, 13, 1400, 2300, 644, 262, 1621, 198, 198, 2061, 468, 8662, 1086, 10557, 1760, 329, 514, 16537, 30, 198, 271, 11, 618, 262, 8661, 2056, 3011, 257, 1745, 286, 340, 1464, 5645, 510, 1719, 1223, 284, 466, 351, 1751, 13, 1320, 318, 262, 850, 5239, 326, 4539, 832, 477, 286, 262, 8661, 2056, 338, 5197, 286, 2008, 1830, 26, 262, 2126, 318, 326, 340, 338, 1751, 508, 711, 777, 1830, 290, 407, 6490, 13, 3954, 1917, 2125, 470, 326, 777, 661, 5465, 514, 26, 340, 338, 326, 484, 17170, 1975, 326, 428, 2831, 318, 991, 5141, 338, 711, 13, 198, 198, 1639, 836, 470, 423, 284, 2989, 329, 1165, 890, 284, 766, 428, 7505, 1234, 284, 779, 13, 11382, 736, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 460, 470, 3785, 503, 326, 5675, 26822, 11160, 2125, 470, 5292, 329, 1751, 621, 703, 460, 356, 3774, 345, 284, 1560, 514, 262, 3872, 546, 262, 3404, 326, 1107, 6067, 30, 198, 1462, 262, 10386, 7346, 5675, 26822, 11160, 25, 2986, 33728, 11, 477, 286, 262, 9188, 286, 4631, 7364, 338, 12191, 1392, 319, 511, 19533, 29305, 290, 15006, 262, 6505, 329, 21294, 262, 6205, 284, 1714, 357, 392, 284, 257, 14494, 6287, 11, 3685, 737, 383, 691, 1917, 318, 326, 2986, 33728, 373, 1239, 4001, 284, 307, 2826, 416, 1751, 13, 632, 373, 1239, 29450, 287, 1751, 338, 16695, 26, 612, 6304, 470, 512, 24040, 329, 340, 319, 3095, 12, 820, 3195, 393, 319, 38398, 1098, 261, 13, 383, 983, 1625, 351, 257, 4081, 366, 44, 1, 7955, 326, 5017, 2910, 11, 46835, 11, 3685, 11, 3303, 11, 2563, 779, 11, 290, 3763, 11, 772, 366, 11576, 3206, 2695, 526, 632, 338, 1444, 5675, 26822, 11160, 329, 13774, 503, 7812, 11, 262, 983, 373, 4084, 407, 5292, 329, 1751, 13, 198, 198, 11486, 777, 6419, 3947, 284, 1208, 826, 416, 5073, 2605, 11, 2490, 45485, 11, 290, 8662, 1086, 10557, 13, 383, 2056, 26197, 4631, 7364, 5776, 5475, 329, 9593, 3938, 45361, 1714, 7104, 287, 262, 983, 11, 780, 262, 1751, 508, 6304, 470, 4385, 284, 307, 2712, 262, 983, 287, 262, 717, 1295, 1244, 4973, 617, 2223, 13, 843, 340, 338, 198, 198, 1026, 2331, 7165, 783, 11, 475, 612, 1752, 373, 257, 640, 618, 4627, 11175, 373, 3177, 47642, 416, 262, 8661, 2056, 0, 198, 1662, 655, 262, 1714, 286, 5675, 26822, 11160, 393, 262, 3685, 286, 1869, 35060, 11, 645, 2300, 644, 2008, 983, 1621, 262, 2056, 318, 5149, 484, 1464, 1282, 379, 340, 422, 262, 22116, 326, 340, 338, 1862, 3988, 2712, 262, 1830, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 48837, 7625, 468, 302, 1144, 663, 13400, 1182, 878, 11, 290, 340, 338, 645, 5975, 326, 1242, 15499, 82, 625, 17010, 13, 1649, 10359, 1725, 290, 4095, 8879, 262, 4675, 262, 2056, 32537, 1028, 340, 351, 262, 976, 1196, 17995, 484, 779, 777, 1528, 284, 3002, 8649, 13, 843, 1141, 262, 6001, 286, 262, 10836, 1810, 262, 2056, 338, 6473, 338, 4151, 373, 319, 3881, 705, 77, 4836, 13, 843, 1309, 338, 407, 6044, 326, 867, 991, 2074, 4627, 11175, 284, 307, 625, 262, 1627, 286, 39589, 13, 383, 1351, 2925, 319, 290, 319, 11, 262, 691, 6937, 318, 326, 644, 318, 10909, 318, 1464, 2458, 13, 3914, 338, 407, 6044, 326, 867, 286, 777, 649, 1416, 7060, 508, 26521, 262, 2008, 983, 1171, 389, 262, 976, 661, 508, 6348, 510, 287, 257, 640, 618, 2712, 16535, 290, 12746, 2492, 470, 3177, 9811, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1103, 4065, 994, 318, 326, 262, 661, 326, 1308, 634, 284, 307, 9046, 3588, 470, 1804, 511, 1693, 618, 3375, 546, 2008, 1830, 13, 1374, 2408, 561, 340, 307, 284, 804, 510, 983, 7067, 13870, 30, 23631, 612, 1276, 307, 3640, 503, 612, 326, 2897, 198, 198, 1532, 36976, 5414, 4244, 460, 470, 1011, 262, 640, 503, 286, 607, 8179, 1204, 284, 804, 510, 262, 6419, 546, 2008, 983, 1938, 788, 3863, 356, 821, 477, 24312, 0, 198, 11246, 11281, 656, 508, 318, 7067, 644, 290, 703, 1468, 484, 389, 13, 1002, 691, 612, 373, 257, 835, 329, 777, 8776, 9046, 284, 1064, 428, 1321, 523, 326, 484, 1422, 470, 804, 588, 35838, 284, 257, 1588, 6903, 286, 262, 983, 2712, 1171, 13, 3966, 4043, 2644, 612, 318, 257, 835, 286, 4917, 503, 508, 24779, 644, 11, 612, 389, 3640, 6157, 477, 262, 640, 13, 198, 198, 39841, 706, 2050, 2523, 326, 749, 2008, 1830, 3588, 470, 5839, 416, 1862, 3988, 357, 273, 772, 262, 4184, 36014, 828, 2427, 356, 766, 326, 340, 338, 661, 287, 511, 44471, 326, 2822, 357, 392, 711, 8, 262, 749, 1830, 13, 383, 4387, 10618, 286, 15072, 389, 883, 8208, 12, 82, 908, 71, 654, 326, 6348, 510, 2712, 1830, 618, 340, 1107, 373, 1200, 338, 711, 13, 887, 588, 262, 3296, 11, 262, 2008, 983, 2831, 468, 7334, 290, 48491, 11, 290, 777, 1528, 345, 423, 1830, 4001, 329, 6490, 11, 1751, 11, 290, 7288, 287, 1022, 13, 6430, 340, 561, 1283, 355, 996, 262, 2056, 318, 7819, 736, 287, 262, 1528, 286, 6319, 12, 5124, 11, 3115, 10682, 14266, 1539, 290, 38484, 10994, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 836, 470, 1309, 428, 3404, 651, 866, 26, 777, 389, 655, 262, 3957, 24985, 326, 477, 5107, 286, 9739, 423, 284, 467, 832, 13, 1649, 340, 2058, 826, 866, 284, 340, 262, 4697, 5270, 1239, 14759, 644, 262, 6205, 318, 510, 284, 11, 878, 890, 661, 423, 46725, 281, 4459, 326, 484, 481, 4859, 351, 1566, 484, 4656, 13, 1649, 6918, 547, 717, 15646, 3296, 286, 262, 198, 198, 2782, 10475, 355, 673, 743, 307, 11, 428, 1862, 2576, 857, 407, 2380, 477, 2008, 983, 1938, 0, 198, 14247, 547, 510, 287, 5101, 2111, 284, 5402, 644, 484, 3177, 284, 307, 281, 18536, 5794, 13, 1649, 262, 5581, 373, 5495, 656, 262, 2877, 2119, 3296, 286, 6918, 16563, 262, 2126, 13, 13914, 22268, 74, 3296, 16563, 262, 27330, 11, 27330, 3296, 16563, 6663, 309, 11, 13637, 412, 4835, 24702, 2008, 1830, 11, 290, 3296, 286, 1492, 5465, 7288, 13, 632, 338, 655, 257, 17686, 6772, 13, 198, 198, 2514, 5879, 428, 4583, 356, 1210, 284, 257, 6452, 2723, 11, 383, 34376, 13, 770, 890, 12, 20270, 5426, 16251, 550, 257, 1327, 640, 25452, 8502, 7401, 284, 787, 1625, 418, 287, 511, 717, 1178, 7028, 13, 4705, 10299, 3101, 300, 12604, 287, 3016, 790, 12490, 3091, 900, 326, 10544, 286, 257, 1728, 2479, 2391, 11148, 284, 1620, 319, 383, 34376, 11, 484, 719, 355, 611, 340, 338, 655, 257, 1751, 338, 905, 290, 340, 338, 2174, 606, 13, 3412, 706, 1596, 7028, 612, 389, 991, 661, 508, 892, 326, 484, 389, 2029, 617, 15108, 3195, 905, 11, 3805, 262, 1109, 326, 340, 318, 530, 286, 262, 14069, 2491, 5581, 2523, 286, 477, 640, 357, 1662, 284, 3068, 262, 14069, 2491, 15108, 905, 1683, 737, 4705, 5804, 326, 1752, 8276, 468, 925, 510, 511, 2000, 546, 345, 612, 338, 2048, 2147, 345, 460, 466, 284, 9575, 511, 4459, 13, 843, 326, 11, 12716, 11, 318, 3446, 644, 356, 821, 7219, 351, 287, 262, 2008, 983, 2831, 13, 198, 198, 5812, 10194, 11, 326, 338, 655, 644, 428, 2708, 2476, 2644, 34376, 42156, 3228, 198, 1722, 890, 355, 262, 2056, 5804, 326, 262, 691, 15072, 503, 612, 389, 1511, 614, 1468, 3988, 356, 389, 1239, 1016, 284, 651, 257, 3148, 13279, 13, 1400, 2300, 644, 262, 7243, 318, 11, 611, 2279, 318, 2098, 287, 428, 30549, 357, 392, 31464, 16931, 8, 5642, 788, 2008, 1830, 481, 1464, 307, 262, 1917, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 338, 2562, 284, 766, 428, 10690, 618, 262, 2056, 3136, 319, 2008, 983, 3685, 393, 1714, 11, 475, 340, 338, 772, 4156, 618, 484, 389, 3375, 546, 262, 4034, 286, 2712, 1830, 13, 23413, 616, 1957, 1705, 2098, 319, 257, 2050, 326, 3751, 326, 7519, 508, 983, 886, 510, 852, 1365, 477, 1088, 38479, 13, 5455, 286, 2391, 6447, 428, 1705, 262, 649, 1416, 1603, 531, 11, 366, 5779, 5278, 11, 314, 1101, 1654, 477, 286, 262, 1862, 6510, 503, 612, 481, 307, 3772, 284, 760, 326, 477, 326, 3357, 318, 1016, 3371, 1223, 922, 526, 198, 198, 2215, 262, 9445, 11470, 5611, 938, 3389, 340, 1392, 257, 1256, 286, 711, 319, 262, 1987, 1711, 7862, 1705, 7686, 357, 18474, 11, 22128, 11, 5426, 3000, 11, 3503, 15729, 1114, 262, 749, 636, 262, 7638, 547, 3621, 284, 5413, 11, 475, 655, 546, 790, 530, 286, 606, 925, 617, 2912, 546, 703, 345, 815, 651, 262, 366, 45235, 1, 1497, 422, 262, 5581, 393, 326, 340, 1244, 307, 1223, 284, 651, 534, 366, 35465, 15508, 526, 1881, 1048, 319, 8100, 1816, 355, 1290, 355, 284, 1265, 703, 366, 17197, 1, 547, 1016, 284, 307, 1498, 284, 5368, 257, 720, 7029, 1080, 351, 720, 1899, 1830, 13, 383, 2056, 655, 1595, 470, 651, 340, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,790
Thursday, January 31, 2013 The Politics of Dancing 1. No more need for 1-600 Levelling Guides. 2. No more need for any Old World Materials. 4. Choice of Which Old Patterns you Learn. spinksville said... Aww, when I saw dancing in the title, I hoped someone had datamined a dance studio! The Godmother said... Awww sorry! I reckon someone else would have noticed that before me though... I think this one got hidden away completely by accident. Rush said... One way or another, something has got to be done about professions. Having recently leveled a Monk from 1 to 85, just keeping gathering skills up to level was occasionally difficult, adding in crafting would have been a lot of backtracking. As for the Gold-Making potential of old materials, I can't say I'd cry too many tears. The stuff is either grossly over-priced for anyone over the max-level "Now I'll level my professions" characters, or doesn't sell at all. I ended up vendoring all manner of elemental whatsits because several attempts to sell them (even at only a slight mark-up over vendor price) failed. I can't say that I fully understand where these changes are going, I applaud them for trying something. Andrew Sutherland said... It makes the levelling gear pointless. No one will do professions if it is easier to wait until current expansion. They might as well get rid of crafting levels and make them learnable via proc, rep or quest. Old world material will only be used for crafting cosmetic stuff only like transmog, mounts and poets.
[ 25381, 11, 3269, 3261, 11, 2211, 198, 198, 464, 17554, 286, 31799, 628, 198, 16, 13, 1400, 517, 761, 329, 352, 12, 8054, 1004, 303, 2680, 48770, 13, 628, 198, 17, 13, 1400, 517, 761, 329, 597, 5706, 2159, 24310, 13, 628, 628, 198, 19, 13, 18502, 286, 9022, 5706, 47020, 345, 14365, 13, 628, 628, 628, 198, 2777, 2973, 4244, 531, 986, 198, 198, 32, 1383, 11, 618, 314, 2497, 15360, 287, 262, 3670, 11, 314, 10719, 2130, 550, 4818, 321, 1389, 257, 9280, 8034, 0, 198, 198, 464, 1793, 13552, 531, 986, 198, 198, 32, 2503, 7926, 0, 314, 43851, 2130, 2073, 561, 423, 6810, 326, 878, 502, 996, 986, 314, 892, 428, 530, 1392, 7104, 1497, 3190, 416, 5778, 13, 198, 198, 49942, 531, 986, 198, 198, 3198, 835, 393, 1194, 11, 1223, 468, 1392, 284, 307, 1760, 546, 34423, 13, 11136, 2904, 33297, 257, 28854, 422, 352, 284, 7600, 11, 655, 5291, 11228, 4678, 510, 284, 1241, 373, 10491, 2408, 11, 4375, 287, 21671, 561, 423, 587, 257, 1256, 286, 736, 36280, 13, 198, 198, 1722, 329, 262, 3561, 12, 23874, 2785, 286, 1468, 5696, 11, 314, 460, 470, 910, 314, 1549, 3960, 1165, 867, 10953, 13, 383, 3404, 318, 2035, 40316, 625, 12, 30883, 329, 2687, 625, 262, 3509, 12, 5715, 366, 3844, 314, 1183, 1241, 616, 34423, 1, 3435, 11, 393, 1595, 470, 3677, 379, 477, 13, 314, 4444, 510, 10817, 3255, 477, 5642, 286, 25601, 45038, 896, 780, 1811, 6370, 284, 3677, 606, 357, 10197, 379, 691, 257, 3731, 1317, 12, 929, 625, 18371, 2756, 8, 4054, 13, 198, 198, 40, 460, 470, 910, 326, 314, 3938, 1833, 810, 777, 2458, 389, 1016, 11, 314, 22517, 606, 329, 2111, 1223, 13, 198, 198, 20508, 47793, 531, 986, 198, 198, 1026, 1838, 262, 34002, 2680, 7733, 27158, 13, 1400, 530, 481, 466, 34423, 611, 340, 318, 4577, 284, 4043, 1566, 1459, 7118, 13, 1119, 1244, 355, 880, 651, 5755, 286, 21671, 2974, 290, 787, 606, 2193, 540, 2884, 13834, 11, 1128, 393, 1235, 13, 198, 19620, 995, 2587, 481, 691, 307, 973, 329, 21671, 27284, 3404, 691, 588, 21595, 519, 11, 30790, 290, 39939, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
362
Return to site The Ongoing Issues and the Fact about Ending Daylight Saving Time A year ago, some states especially the United States of America encountered some unordinary issue about experiencing darkness as they move from their jobs to their homes. That has come into existence due to the changes made in time, altering the clock either one day or one hour back or forward. The practice is all about changing the clock twice per year. The state like the United States is so far west and it is very far from the Eastern Time Zone, the states experience enough daylight without having to alter the clocks forward. Due to that, there are a lot of resultant effects due to such an act and the impact is being experienced in humans. The research has been done and has proven that the alteration or The Daylight Saving Time has cause illnesses due to lack of some of the medications. The effect is believed even to cause death. It has also been proven that Daylight Saving Time leads to the use of a lot of energy and also more money as compared to when the clock can be left to run normally without alteration. Some people have come up and have launched the campaigns to stop the wrong practice and also have started to educate people on the effects of the situation. Furthermore, the situation is said to cause disturbance even to young children. They have to wait in the darkness for a while every time the clocks are altered. It is a practice that is being observed as having more disadvantages than solutions. You can read more info about day time saving or visit for more on the petition. More people are also thinking that the lack of enough sunlight is causing a lot of problems due to the clock alteration. For instance, people having low Vit. D levels are likely to suffer from cancer disease. More sunlight is being needed to eradicate the darkness in some parts of the country and eliminate some problems people are having. The petition is being conducted in some of those countries in order to do away with this kind of behavior. Many citizens especially from the United States of America are against the practice and want it to be stopped with an immediate effect. Many founders of the campaigns have even launched missions to educate people about Daylight Saving Time. By ending Daylight Saving Time, people will be healthy and the summer all around the year will be effective in the states and many people will be free of the prevailing problems. Continue reading more on this here: All Posts Almost done… OKSubscriptions powered by Strikingly
[ 13615, 284, 2524, 198, 198, 464, 48041, 40519, 22852, 290, 262, 19020, 546, 43626, 47743, 34689, 3862, 198, 198, 32, 614, 2084, 11, 617, 2585, 2592, 262, 1578, 1829, 286, 2253, 12956, 617, 555, 35947, 2071, 546, 13456, 11854, 355, 484, 1445, 422, 511, 3946, 284, 511, 5682, 13, 1320, 468, 1282, 656, 6224, 2233, 284, 262, 2458, 925, 287, 640, 11, 29057, 262, 8801, 2035, 530, 1110, 393, 530, 1711, 736, 393, 2651, 13, 383, 3357, 318, 477, 546, 5609, 262, 8801, 5403, 583, 614, 13, 383, 1181, 588, 262, 1578, 1829, 318, 523, 1290, 7421, 290, 340, 318, 845, 1290, 422, 262, 8345, 3862, 13035, 11, 262, 2585, 1998, 1576, 26010, 1231, 1719, 284, 8343, 262, 29906, 2651, 13, 14444, 284, 326, 11, 612, 389, 257, 1256, 286, 43440, 3048, 2233, 284, 884, 281, 719, 290, 262, 2928, 318, 852, 5924, 287, 5384, 13, 198, 198, 464, 2267, 468, 587, 1760, 290, 468, 9157, 326, 262, 35635, 393, 383, 47743, 34689, 3862, 468, 2728, 24024, 2233, 284, 3092, 286, 617, 286, 262, 17638, 13, 383, 1245, 318, 4762, 772, 284, 2728, 1918, 13, 632, 468, 635, 587, 9157, 326, 47743, 34689, 3862, 5983, 284, 262, 779, 286, 257, 1256, 286, 2568, 290, 635, 517, 1637, 355, 3688, 284, 618, 262, 8801, 460, 307, 1364, 284, 1057, 7685, 1231, 35635, 13, 2773, 661, 423, 1282, 510, 290, 423, 5611, 262, 9964, 284, 2245, 262, 2642, 3357, 290, 635, 423, 2067, 284, 20771, 661, 319, 262, 3048, 286, 262, 3074, 13, 11399, 11, 262, 3074, 318, 531, 284, 2728, 30497, 772, 284, 1862, 1751, 13, 1119, 423, 284, 4043, 287, 262, 11854, 329, 257, 981, 790, 640, 262, 29906, 389, 14294, 13, 632, 318, 257, 3357, 326, 318, 852, 6515, 355, 1719, 517, 38457, 621, 8136, 13, 921, 460, 1100, 517, 7508, 546, 1110, 640, 8914, 393, 3187, 329, 517, 319, 262, 8853, 13, 198, 198, 5167, 661, 389, 635, 3612, 326, 262, 3092, 286, 1576, 19606, 318, 6666, 257, 1256, 286, 2761, 2233, 284, 262, 8801, 35635, 13, 1114, 4554, 11, 661, 1719, 1877, 18271, 13, 360, 2974, 389, 1884, 284, 8659, 422, 4890, 4369, 13, 198, 198, 5167, 19606, 318, 852, 2622, 284, 39339, 262, 11854, 287, 617, 3354, 286, 262, 1499, 290, 11005, 617, 2761, 661, 389, 1719, 13, 383, 8853, 318, 852, 5952, 287, 617, 286, 883, 2678, 287, 1502, 284, 466, 1497, 351, 428, 1611, 286, 4069, 13, 4650, 4290, 2592, 422, 262, 1578, 1829, 286, 2253, 389, 1028, 262, 3357, 290, 765, 340, 284, 307, 5025, 351, 281, 7103, 1245, 13, 4650, 22202, 286, 262, 9964, 423, 772, 5611, 10566, 284, 20771, 661, 546, 47743, 34689, 3862, 13, 2750, 7464, 47743, 34689, 3862, 11, 661, 481, 307, 5448, 290, 262, 3931, 477, 1088, 262, 614, 481, 307, 4050, 287, 262, 2585, 290, 867, 661, 481, 307, 1479, 286, 262, 26602, 2761, 13, 10054, 3555, 517, 319, 428, 994, 25, 198, 198, 3237, 12043, 198, 198, 23379, 1760, 1399, 628, 198, 11380, 7004, 12048, 507, 13232, 416, 26137, 3364, 306, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
506
The Difference Between Probiotics & Prebiotics iMiriam2009/iStock/Getty Images Probiotic and prebiotic foods and supplements enhance the growth of healthy microorganisms in your body. The idea of using bacteria to improve human health has been around since the early 1900s, but the general public did not fully embrace the concept until recently. Today, probiotic and prebiotic products are used widely, most often in the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal conditions. Good Bacteria Your body contains billions of bacteria that help you stay healthy. The largest population of bacteria can be found in your intestines. These beneficial bacteria help you digest food, and without them you could not obtain vitamin K from your food. If the community of bacteria in your intestines is disrupted you may experience digestive difficulties and gastrointestinal symptoms. In order to re-establish healthy intestinal bacteria you can take probiotic or prebiotic supplements. Probiotics are live microorganisms that can positively impact your health, according to the World Health Organization. Microorganisms are tiny animals made of a single cell. While most probiotics are bacteria, there are also strains of yeast that benefit your body. You can find probiotics in many food products, including fermented dairy and soy products. Probiotics can also be purchased in supplement form. The bacteria and yeast in probiotic products are well-studied strains that have been specially prepared to survive the journey through the stomach into the intestines where they can grow. Prebiotics are substances that encourage the growth of beneficial bacteria—you can think of prebiotics as food for probiotics and the healthy bacteria in your system. Whereas probiotics are living microorganisms, prebiotics are non-living. Most prebiotics are carbohydrates that the human body cannot digest but which make excellent food sources for beneficial bacteria. Prebiotics can encourage the growth of beneficial bacteria already living in the body and also aid in the growth and maintenance of probiotics. The combination of probiotic and prebiotic therapies is referred to as synbiotics. The strategy of combining a probiotic with its preferred nutrient may allow for probiotics to stay present in your body for longer, according to a May 1999 article in the "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition." Synbiotic therapies are relatively new and are the focus of many studies to determine their efficacy. Probiotics and prebiotics have similar health benefits because they both accomplish the goal of increasing the population of healthy bacteria and yeast in your body. Healthy bacteria can form a protective shield in your digestive tract that prevents harmful bacteria and viruses from infecting your body, according to an April 2005 article in "FEMS Microbiology Ecology." The presence of healthy bacteria can also keep your immune system "primed" and ready to respond to a threat. Probiotics and prebiotics are particularly useful in replenishing healthy bacteria communities after a disruption such as an infection or antibiotic use.
[ 464, 43795, 14307, 30873, 18296, 1222, 3771, 65, 18296, 198, 198, 72, 27453, 1789, 10531, 14, 72, 26207, 14, 6633, 5382, 198, 198, 2964, 65, 16357, 290, 662, 65, 16357, 9013, 290, 20864, 9494, 262, 3349, 286, 5448, 4580, 45165, 287, 534, 1767, 13, 383, 2126, 286, 1262, 11492, 284, 2987, 1692, 1535, 468, 587, 1088, 1201, 262, 1903, 21489, 82, 11, 475, 262, 2276, 1171, 750, 407, 3938, 12553, 262, 3721, 1566, 2904, 13, 6288, 11, 1861, 16357, 290, 662, 65, 16357, 3186, 389, 973, 6768, 11, 749, 1690, 287, 262, 3513, 290, 14196, 286, 40887, 3403, 13, 198, 198, 10248, 347, 10634, 198, 198, 7120, 1767, 4909, 13188, 286, 11492, 326, 1037, 345, 2652, 5448, 13, 383, 4387, 3265, 286, 11492, 460, 307, 1043, 287, 534, 20183, 1127, 13, 2312, 13205, 11492, 1037, 345, 16274, 2057, 11, 290, 1231, 606, 345, 714, 407, 7330, 14411, 509, 422, 534, 2057, 13, 1002, 262, 2055, 286, 11492, 287, 534, 20183, 1127, 318, 30067, 345, 743, 1998, 34616, 13156, 290, 40887, 7460, 13, 554, 1502, 284, 302, 12, 40037, 5448, 32031, 11492, 345, 460, 1011, 1861, 16357, 393, 662, 65, 16357, 20864, 13, 628, 198, 2964, 65, 18296, 389, 2107, 4580, 45165, 326, 460, 19888, 2928, 534, 1535, 11, 1864, 284, 262, 2159, 3893, 12275, 13, 4527, 45165, 389, 7009, 4695, 925, 286, 257, 2060, 2685, 13, 2893, 749, 1861, 18296, 389, 11492, 11, 612, 389, 635, 21245, 286, 20146, 326, 4414, 534, 1767, 13, 921, 460, 1064, 1861, 18296, 287, 867, 2057, 3186, 11, 1390, 44543, 17659, 290, 17797, 3186, 13, 30873, 18296, 460, 635, 307, 8155, 287, 10327, 1296, 13, 383, 11492, 290, 20146, 287, 1861, 16357, 3186, 389, 880, 12, 19149, 798, 21245, 326, 423, 587, 20905, 5597, 284, 7866, 262, 7002, 832, 262, 11384, 656, 262, 20183, 1127, 810, 484, 460, 1663, 13, 628, 198, 6719, 65, 18296, 389, 15938, 326, 7898, 262, 3349, 286, 13205, 11492, 960, 5832, 460, 892, 286, 662, 65, 18296, 355, 2057, 329, 1861, 18296, 290, 262, 5448, 11492, 287, 534, 1080, 13, 28016, 1861, 18296, 389, 2877, 4580, 45165, 11, 662, 65, 18296, 389, 1729, 12, 19950, 13, 4042, 662, 65, 18296, 389, 32328, 326, 262, 1692, 1767, 2314, 16274, 475, 543, 787, 6275, 2057, 4237, 329, 13205, 11492, 13, 3771, 65, 18296, 460, 7898, 262, 3349, 286, 13205, 11492, 1541, 2877, 287, 262, 1767, 290, 635, 6133, 287, 262, 3349, 290, 9262, 286, 1861, 18296, 13, 628, 198, 464, 6087, 286, 1861, 16357, 290, 662, 65, 16357, 29596, 318, 6412, 284, 355, 6171, 65, 18296, 13, 383, 4811, 286, 19771, 257, 1861, 16357, 351, 663, 9871, 27560, 743, 1249, 329, 1861, 18296, 284, 2652, 1944, 287, 534, 1767, 329, 2392, 11, 1864, 284, 257, 1737, 7358, 2708, 287, 262, 366, 7437, 4913, 286, 21234, 23285, 526, 16065, 65, 16357, 29596, 389, 5365, 649, 290, 389, 262, 2962, 286, 867, 3640, 284, 5004, 511, 20179, 13, 628, 198, 2964, 65, 18296, 290, 662, 65, 18296, 423, 2092, 1535, 4034, 780, 484, 1111, 9989, 262, 3061, 286, 3649, 262, 3265, 286, 5448, 11492, 290, 20146, 287, 534, 1767, 13, 30840, 11492, 460, 1296, 257, 14153, 7614, 287, 534, 34616, 14998, 326, 15174, 13568, 11492, 290, 20547, 422, 7580, 278, 534, 1767, 11, 1864, 284, 281, 3035, 5075, 2708, 287, 366, 37, 39201, 4527, 43592, 39978, 526, 383, 4931, 286, 5448, 11492, 460, 635, 1394, 534, 10900, 1080, 366, 19795, 276, 1, 290, 3492, 284, 3031, 284, 257, 2372, 13, 30873, 18296, 290, 662, 65, 18296, 389, 3573, 4465, 287, 35278, 3929, 5448, 11492, 5348, 706, 257, 19911, 884, 355, 281, 10280, 393, 29883, 779, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
604
How Sales People are Just Like Labrador Retriever Puppies Sales people are a lot like Labrador Retriever puppies.  The run around, excitedly, chasing every opportunity they smell.  If it looks like a sale they chase it. They clumsily chase every opportunity thrown at them by the customer.  Everything looks and smells like a deal.   I’ve seen it often and have been guilty of it myself.  It’s easy to chase everything that looks like revenue.   We want to be responsive to our customers.  We want to deliver revenue for the company.  The problem is sales costs money, and not all sales are the same.  Some sales cost more than they are worth. They can distract you from what should be sold.  They can cost more than they bring in.  Bad sales waste time and rarely deliver a return, even if they are sold. Chasing everything can hurt more than it helps. Smart sales people recognize just because you CAN sell something or because something can generate revenue doesn’t mean you HAVE to sell it.  Every sale has a process.  It takes time to sell something, no matter how simple it is or how badly a customer may want it.  It takes money to sell something.  There are good deals and bad deals and knowing the difference is key. It’s not easy being the person who says no to a revenue opportunity.  It’s unpopular.  Like the Labrador puppy, everyone loves the person who says yes to chasing every deal.  Like the Lab puppy, they rarely return with anything of value.  The lab puppy brings back everything it can find.  The mature lab brings back ducks and that’s what it’s supposed to do. Know what your hunting and go after it.  Don’t get distracted by all the little stuff along the way.   Bringing back a ball or a stick are nice and feel good, but the don’t pay the bills — bring back ducks.
[ 2437, 17329, 4380, 389, 2329, 4525, 45246, 4990, 380, 964, 20926, 444, 198, 198, 44490, 661, 389, 257, 1256, 588, 45246, 4990, 380, 964, 37793, 13, 220, 1849, 464, 1057, 1088, 11, 6568, 306, 11, 20023, 790, 3663, 484, 8508, 13, 220, 1849, 1532, 340, 3073, 588, 257, 5466, 484, 15505, 340, 13, 1119, 1849, 565, 5700, 813, 1849, 354, 589, 790, 3663, 8754, 379, 606, 416, 262, 6491, 13, 220, 1849, 19693, 3073, 290, 25760, 588, 257, 1730, 13, 5624, 314, 447, 247, 303, 1775, 340, 1690, 290, 423, 587, 6717, 286, 340, 3589, 13, 220, 1849, 1026, 447, 247, 82, 2562, 284, 15505, 2279, 326, 3073, 588, 6426, 13, 5624, 775, 765, 284, 307, 21802, 284, 674, 4297, 13, 220, 1849, 1135, 765, 284, 5203, 6426, 329, 262, 1664, 13, 220, 1849, 464, 1917, 318, 4200, 3484, 1637, 11, 290, 407, 477, 4200, 389, 262, 976, 13, 220, 1849, 4366, 4200, 1575, 517, 621, 484, 389, 2861, 13, 1119, 460, 11786, 345, 422, 644, 815, 307, 2702, 13, 220, 1849, 2990, 460, 1575, 517, 621, 484, 2222, 287, 13, 220, 1849, 22069, 4200, 7030, 640, 290, 8365, 5203, 257, 1441, 11, 772, 611, 484, 389, 2702, 13, 609, 2313, 2279, 460, 5938, 517, 621, 340, 5419, 13, 198, 198, 25610, 4200, 661, 7564, 655, 780, 345, 15628, 3677, 1223, 393, 780, 1223, 460, 7716, 6426, 1595, 447, 247, 83, 1612, 345, 21515, 284, 3677, 340, 13, 220, 1849, 6109, 5466, 468, 257, 1429, 13, 220, 1849, 1026, 2753, 640, 284, 3677, 1223, 11, 645, 2300, 703, 2829, 340, 318, 393, 703, 11234, 257, 6491, 743, 765, 340, 13, 220, 1849, 1026, 2753, 1637, 284, 3677, 1223, 13, 220, 1849, 1858, 389, 922, 7529, 290, 2089, 7529, 290, 6970, 262, 3580, 318, 1994, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 447, 247, 82, 407, 2562, 852, 262, 1048, 508, 1139, 645, 284, 257, 6426, 3663, 13, 220, 1849, 1026, 447, 247, 82, 24166, 13, 220, 1849, 7594, 262, 45246, 26188, 11, 2506, 10408, 262, 1048, 508, 1139, 3763, 284, 20023, 790, 1730, 13, 220, 1849, 7594, 262, 3498, 26188, 11, 484, 8365, 1441, 351, 1997, 286, 1988, 13, 220, 1849, 464, 2248, 26188, 6774, 736, 2279, 340, 460, 1064, 13, 220, 1849, 464, 15345, 2248, 6774, 736, 39694, 290, 326, 447, 247, 82, 644, 340, 447, 247, 82, 4385, 284, 466, 13, 198, 198, 23812, 644, 534, 10988, 290, 467, 706, 340, 13, 220, 1849, 3987, 447, 247, 83, 651, 22943, 416, 477, 262, 1310, 3404, 1863, 262, 835, 13, 5624, 48985, 736, 257, 2613, 393, 257, 4859, 389, 3621, 290, 1254, 922, 11, 475, 262, 836, 447, 247, 83, 1414, 262, 9024, 851, 2222, 736, 39694, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
447
• The solution to Newton's GEXACT VALUE & FORMULA • Proof of the non-exitence of Dark MatterDOES NOT EXIST access to the technical calculator Copper Alloys (physical properties) Bronze was probably the first successful metal to be widely exploited by mankind, and because tin and copper ores normally occur together (e.g. Cornwall, England), it is most likely that copper was first smelted with tin impurities by accident, thereby initiating the Bronze Age. Phase diagram for copper-nickel alloy (cupro-nickel) Fig 1. Copper-Nickel Phase Diagram Pure copper is a relatively soft (pliable) material with good corrosion resistance, excellent electrical conductivity (>100% IACS) and resistant to low-temperature embrittlement. However, alloying it with other elements will significantly alter its properties making it suitable for a much wider range of applications, for example; chromium increases its tensile strength without significantly affecting its electrical conductivity making it ideal for electrical wire. There are many additional elements (e.g. Zinc, Tin, Nickel, Iron, Aluminium, Lead, Berillium, Cadmium, Silver, Manganese, Magnesium, Cobalt, Silicon, Arsenic, etc.⁽¹⁾) that will improve specific properties for particular applications. The most obvious alloying element for Copper is Nickel, both of which have very similar atomic physical sizes, i.e.; their relative atomic masses are 58.6934 and 63.546 respectively; their densities are within 0.5% of each other, they both have the same crystal structure (Face-Centre-Cubic) and their atomic radii and electron affinity are within 3% of each other, so they fit together physically remarkably well. As such nickel and copper can be mixed together in any relative percentage from 100% copper to 100% nickel (Fig 1). However, they have significantly different heat and electrical properties, e.g.; melting temperatures, specific heat capacities, thermal and electrical conductivities, etc. so each will change the alloy's thermal and electrical properties according to the relative percentages. Some of the elements that can be successfully alloyed with Copper to alter its properties in specific ways are listed below: Common Alloying Elements Phase diagram for copper-zinc alloy (Brass) Fig 2. Brass Phase Diagram Nickel: Nickel and copper can be alloyed in any relative percentage (Fig 1) as both metals are totally soluble within each other at any temperature. Copper-nickel alloys with no added impurities are very tough. The absence of any second-phase in the structure (α, β, γ, etc.) eliminates the possibility of electrolytic corrosion making them very corrosion resistant. Nickel-Silvers are Copper-Nickel alloys with relative percentages; 55%<Cu<63%, 10%<Ni<30%, the remaining percentage of which is zinc, are white in colour and normally used for cutlery and keys as they have the highest corrosion resistance of all the copper alloys. Copper alloys containing nickel have the best high-temperature properties. Zinc: As can be seen from the phase diagram in Fig 2 copper will support limited levels of zinc at any given temperature before the base metal becomes saturated and no longer behaves like an alloy. Copper alloys containing only zinc are usually called brasses. 0% to 15% zinc leaves brasses ductile but difficult to machine 0% to 20% zinc provides similar corrosion resistance to copper but with higher tensile strength 20% to 40% zinc provides less corrosion resistance than copper and the resultant alloys are subject to dezincification and stress-corrosion cracking. Phase diagram for copper-tin alloy (Bronze) Fig 3. Sn-Bronze Phase Diagram Tin: Tin is added to copper to make traditional bronze (Fig 3). Up to 7% tin may be added to copper for wrought alloys and up to 18% for cast. Because tin normally contains traces of phosphorus these alloys are often called phosphor bronzes (C50500 to C52400) even though there are only trace amounts of phosphor, if any at all, in the alloy. Up to 1% tin is added to brass to improve corrosion resistance (e.g. admiralty and naval brasses). Unlike brass, bronze is not susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. Bronzes with less than 10% tin have excellent elastic properties. Phase diagram for copper-aluminium alloy (Bronze) Fig 4. Al-Bronze Phase Diagram Aluminium: Less than 9.4% aluminium and the alloy will remain ductile (Fig 4). More than this and the alloy will become very hard and brittle if water quenched from above 900°C, but retain very high strength. Aluminium oxide is added to copper to make it very hard indeed. These alloys, normally referred to as aluminium bronze, are characterised by excellent strength and corrosion resistance. Beryllium: Between 1.75% to 2.5% beryllium (along with 0.5% cobalt) is added to copper in order to allow the base metal to be heat treated (Fig 5). These alloying elements allow the base metal to achieve very high strengths and are normally used for non-sparking tools or springs where its high fatigue resistance can be of considerable benefit. Chromium: Chromium is added when relatively high strength is required whilst retaining the high electrical conductivity of copper, e.g. in electrical wire (Fig 6). Lead: Up to 2% lead can be added to any copper alloy in order to improve machinability. However, lead also improves creep and fatigue resistance. Tellurium: Has a similar effect on copper as lead but you need much less of it to achieve similar levels of creep and fatigue resistance. Arsenic: Trace amounts of arsenic (<0.05%) is added to Copper-Zinc alloys to improve corrosion resistance and dezincification. This alloying element is usually used in condenser tubes where considerable resistance to corrosion is required. Silicon: These alloys, normally referred to as silicon bronzes, provide excellent strength and corrosion resistance but they also improve weldability. Copper Alloys Database – Technical Help Phase diagram for copper-berilium alloy (Bronze) Fig 5. Be-Bronze Phase Diagram The copper alloys database provides only the physical properties of the various copper alloys, for information concerning their applications visit our Uses web page. The three principle conditions included in the database are wrought (or forged), heat treated and cast. Heat treated is designated with the initials 'HT'. Whilst the UNS number is included in the Names, it is also provided as a separate category in order to enable you to sort on this value. The UNS category in the database excludes the preceding character 'C'. All of the Imperial and metric units can be converted using CalQlata's UniQon conversion calculator. Missing Data CalQlata has not been able to find verifiable values for the 'coefficient of temperature coefficient of resistance' for 18 of the alloys and one value for 'yield stress'. The database is otherwise complete. Phase diagram for copper-chromium alloy (Bronze) Fig 6. Cr-Bronze Phase Diagram The information provided in this database is as accurate as that available from the USA and European copper authorities. All calculated data (bulk and rigidity moduli) are as accurate as the Poisson's ratio for the various alloys, which are according to various recognised copper authorities. Melting temperatures are for the lower limit of the solid+liquid region of the phase diagram(s) and have been interpolated between phase diagrams with more than one principle alloying element. The result from this interpolation have been compared with known values and found to be within 2% of the printed data. Specific heat and thermal conductivity have also been calculated using known formulas and information and found to be within 4.5% of printed data in which CalQlata has found conflicting information. CalQlata are therefore confident that, until proven otherwise, that the property data included in this database is between 95.5% and 100% accurate. 1. See CalQlata's Elements and Metals databases for the properties of the base metal and its alloying elements Further Reading You will find further reading on this subject in reference publications(2, 3 & 44)       Go to the calculator
[ 3581, 383, 4610, 284, 17321, 338, 402, 6369, 10659, 26173, 8924, 1222, 49144, 6239, 32, 198, 50286, 3581, 29999, 286, 262, 1729, 12, 37023, 594, 286, 3801, 16900, 18227, 1546, 5626, 7788, 8808, 198, 15526, 284, 262, 6276, 28260, 198, 198, 7222, 2848, 1439, 19417, 357, 42854, 6608, 8, 198, 198, 18760, 2736, 373, 2192, 262, 717, 4388, 6147, 284, 307, 6768, 21514, 416, 18019, 11, 290, 780, 19783, 290, 15317, 267, 411, 7685, 3051, 1978, 357, 68, 13, 70, 13, 45294, 11, 4492, 828, 340, 318, 749, 1884, 326, 15317, 373, 717, 895, 417, 1513, 351, 19783, 848, 10886, 416, 5778, 11, 12839, 40150, 262, 19461, 7129, 13, 198, 198, 35645, 16362, 329, 15317, 12, 6988, 7750, 36186, 357, 25244, 305, 12, 6988, 7750, 8, 198, 198, 14989, 352, 13, 27157, 12, 30403, 7750, 18983, 6031, 6713, 198, 198, 49548, 15317, 318, 257, 5365, 2705, 357, 489, 3379, 8, 2587, 351, 922, 41677, 6625, 11, 6275, 12278, 3189, 3458, 45160, 3064, 4, 314, 2246, 50, 8, 290, 18290, 284, 1877, 12, 11498, 21069, 7726, 1206, 434, 13, 198, 4864, 11, 36186, 278, 340, 351, 584, 4847, 481, 5566, 8343, 663, 6608, 1642, 340, 11080, 198, 1640, 257, 881, 10595, 2837, 286, 5479, 11, 329, 1672, 26, 15358, 1505, 5732, 663, 11192, 576, 4202, 1231, 5566, 13891, 663, 12278, 3189, 3458, 1642, 340, 7306, 329, 12278, 6503, 13, 198, 1858, 389, 867, 3224, 4847, 357, 68, 13, 70, 13, 1168, 1939, 11, 22894, 11, 38398, 11, 7931, 11, 978, 35241, 11, 20116, 11, 4312, 359, 1505, 11, 20517, 76, 1505, 11, 7698, 11, 27609, 272, 2771, 11, 2944, 27619, 11, 14828, 2501, 11, 18210, 11, 943, 6248, 291, 11, 3503, 13, 46256, 121, 126, 117, 46256, 122, 8, 326, 481, 2987, 2176, 6608, 329, 1948, 5479, 13, 198, 198, 464, 749, 3489, 36186, 278, 5002, 329, 27157, 318, 38398, 11, 1111, 286, 543, 423, 845, 2092, 17226, 3518, 10620, 11, 1312, 13, 68, 15089, 511, 3585, 17226, 14568, 389, 7618, 13, 3388, 2682, 290, 8093, 13, 49489, 8148, 26, 511, 29509, 871, 389, 1626, 657, 13, 20, 4, 286, 1123, 584, 11, 484, 1111, 423, 262, 976, 15121, 4645, 357, 32388, 12, 19085, 260, 12, 43632, 291, 8, 290, 511, 17226, 2511, 4178, 290, 11538, 28430, 389, 1626, 513, 4, 286, 1123, 584, 11, 523, 484, 4197, 1978, 10170, 21196, 880, 13, 1081, 884, 30666, 290, 15317, 460, 307, 7668, 1978, 287, 597, 3585, 5873, 422, 1802, 4, 15317, 284, 1802, 4, 30666, 357, 14989, 352, 737, 2102, 11, 484, 423, 5566, 1180, 4894, 290, 12278, 6608, 11, 304, 13, 70, 15089, 24203, 10101, 11, 2176, 4894, 32484, 11, 18411, 290, 12278, 3189, 28720, 11, 3503, 13, 523, 1123, 481, 1487, 262, 36186, 338, 18411, 290, 12278, 6608, 1864, 284, 262, 3585, 28071, 13, 198, 198, 4366, 286, 262, 4847, 326, 460, 307, 7675, 36186, 276, 351, 27157, 284, 8343, 663, 6608, 287, 2176, 2842, 389, 5610, 2174, 25, 198, 198, 17227, 34971, 278, 26632, 198, 198, 35645, 16362, 329, 15317, 12, 89, 1939, 36186, 357, 9414, 562, 8, 198, 198, 14989, 362, 13, 32309, 18983, 6031, 6713, 198, 198, 30403, 7750, 25, 38398, 290, 15317, 460, 307, 36186, 276, 287, 597, 3585, 5873, 357, 14989, 352, 8, 355, 1111, 21782, 389, 6635, 49467, 1626, 1123, 584, 379, 597, 5951, 13, 27157, 12, 6988, 7750, 477, 19417, 351, 645, 2087, 848, 10886, 389, 845, 5802, 13, 383, 8889, 286, 597, 1218, 12, 40715, 287, 262, 4645, 357, 17394, 11, 27169, 11, 7377, 111, 11, 3503, 2014, 32311, 262, 5885, 286, 39450, 13370, 41677, 1642, 606, 845, 41677, 18290, 13, 38398, 12, 15086, 690, 389, 27157, 12, 30403, 7750, 477, 19417, 351, 3585, 28071, 26, 5996, 4, 27, 46141, 27, 5066, 7441, 838, 4, 27, 34153, 27, 1270, 7441, 262, 5637, 5873, 286, 543, 318, 31861, 11, 389, 2330, 287, 9568, 290, 7685, 973, 329, 2005, 1754, 88, 290, 8251, 355, 484, 423, 262, 4511, 41677, 6625, 286, 477, 262, 15317, 477, 19417, 13, 27157, 477, 19417, 7268, 30666, 423, 262, 1266, 1029, 12, 11498, 21069, 6608, 13, 198, 198, 57, 1939, 25, 1081, 460, 307, 1775, 422, 262, 7108, 16362, 287, 12138, 362, 15317, 481, 1104, 3614, 2974, 286, 31861, 379, 597, 1813, 5951, 878, 262, 2779, 6147, 4329, 24725, 290, 645, 2392, 39341, 588, 281, 36186, 13, 27157, 477, 19417, 7268, 691, 31861, 389, 3221, 1444, 865, 13978, 13, 198, 15, 4, 284, 1315, 4, 31861, 5667, 865, 13978, 28494, 576, 475, 2408, 284, 4572, 198, 15, 4, 284, 1160, 4, 31861, 3769, 2092, 41677, 6625, 284, 15317, 475, 351, 2440, 11192, 576, 4202, 198, 1238, 4, 284, 2319, 4, 31861, 3769, 1342, 41677, 6625, 621, 15317, 290, 262, 43440, 477, 19417, 389, 2426, 284, 390, 89, 1939, 2649, 290, 5503, 12, 10215, 4951, 295, 25407, 13, 198, 198, 35645, 16362, 329, 15317, 12, 43701, 36186, 357, 18760, 2736, 8, 198, 198, 14989, 513, 13, 5489, 12, 18760, 2736, 18983, 6031, 6713, 198, 198, 51, 259, 25, 22894, 318, 2087, 284, 15317, 284, 787, 4569, 22101, 357, 14989, 513, 737, 3205, 284, 767, 4, 19783, 743, 307, 2087, 284, 15317, 329, 38733, 477, 19417, 290, 510, 284, 1248, 4, 329, 3350, 13, 4362, 19783, 7685, 4909, 20675, 286, 48980, 777, 477, 19417, 389, 1690, 1444, 18431, 273, 18443, 12271, 357, 34, 1120, 4059, 284, 327, 48057, 405, 8, 772, 996, 612, 389, 691, 12854, 6867, 286, 18431, 273, 11, 611, 597, 379, 477, 11, 287, 262, 36186, 13, 3205, 284, 352, 4, 19783, 318, 2087, 284, 20422, 284, 2987, 41677, 6625, 357, 68, 13, 70, 13, 6178, 343, 6017, 290, 19014, 865, 13978, 737, 12101, 20422, 11, 22101, 318, 407, 22084, 284, 5503, 41677, 25407, 13, 8923, 12271, 351, 1342, 621, 838, 4, 19783, 423, 6275, 27468, 6608, 13, 198, 198, 35645, 16362, 329, 15317, 12, 282, 35241, 36186, 357, 18760, 2736, 8, 198, 198, 14989, 604, 13, 978, 12, 18760, 2736, 18983, 6031, 6713, 198, 198, 2348, 35241, 25, 12892, 621, 860, 13, 19, 4, 40412, 290, 262, 36186, 481, 3520, 28494, 576, 357, 14989, 604, 737, 3125, 621, 428, 290, 262, 36186, 481, 1716, 845, 1327, 290, 49307, 611, 1660, 627, 268, 1740, 422, 2029, 15897, 7200, 34, 11, 475, 12377, 845, 1029, 4202, 13, 978, 35241, 30788, 318, 2087, 284, 15317, 284, 787, 340, 845, 1327, 5600, 13, 2312, 477, 19417, 11, 7685, 6412, 284, 355, 40412, 22101, 11, 389, 2095, 1417, 416, 6275, 4202, 290, 41677, 6625, 13, 198, 198, 33, 1924, 297, 1505, 25, 14307, 352, 13, 2425, 4, 284, 362, 13, 20, 4, 275, 1924, 297, 1505, 357, 24176, 351, 657, 13, 20, 4, 22843, 2501, 8, 318, 2087, 284, 15317, 287, 1502, 284, 1249, 262, 2779, 6147, 284, 307, 4894, 5716, 357, 14989, 642, 737, 2312, 36186, 278, 4847, 1249, 262, 2779, 6147, 284, 4620, 845, 1029, 18929, 290, 389, 7685, 973, 329, 1729, 12, 2777, 668, 278, 4899, 393, 24747, 810, 663, 1029, 18787, 6625, 460, 307, 286, 11091, 4414, 13, 198, 198, 1925, 398, 1505, 25, 18255, 1505, 318, 2087, 618, 5365, 1029, 4202, 318, 2672, 14590, 26645, 262, 1029, 12278, 3189, 3458, 286, 15317, 11, 304, 13, 70, 13, 287, 12278, 6503, 357, 14989, 718, 737, 198, 198, 20451, 25, 3205, 284, 362, 4, 1085, 460, 307, 2087, 284, 597, 15317, 36186, 287, 1502, 284, 2987, 3235, 259, 1799, 13, 2102, 11, 1085, 635, 19575, 13972, 290, 18787, 6625, 13, 198, 198, 24446, 333, 1505, 25, 7875, 257, 2092, 1245, 319, 15317, 355, 1085, 475, 345, 761, 881, 1342, 286, 340, 284, 4620, 2092, 2974, 286, 13972, 290, 18787, 6625, 13, 198, 198, 3163, 6248, 291, 25, 34912, 6867, 286, 48884, 38155, 15, 13, 2713, 4407, 318, 2087, 284, 27157, 12, 57, 1939, 477, 19417, 284, 2987, 41677, 6625, 290, 390, 89, 1939, 2649, 13, 770, 36186, 278, 5002, 318, 3221, 973, 287, 1779, 45268, 21103, 810, 11091, 6625, 284, 41677, 318, 2672, 13, 198, 198, 15086, 4749, 25, 2312, 477, 19417, 11, 7685, 6412, 284, 355, 29867, 18443, 12271, 11, 2148, 6275, 4202, 290, 41677, 6625, 475, 484, 635, 2987, 26650, 1799, 13, 198, 198, 7222, 2848, 1439, 19417, 24047, 784, 20671, 10478, 198, 198, 35645, 16362, 329, 15317, 12, 527, 346, 1505, 36186, 357, 18760, 2736, 8, 198, 198, 14989, 642, 13, 1355, 12, 18760, 2736, 18983, 6031, 6713, 198, 198, 464, 15317, 477, 19417, 6831, 3769, 691, 262, 3518, 6608, 286, 262, 2972, 15317, 477, 19417, 11, 329, 1321, 9305, 511, 5479, 3187, 674, 36965, 3992, 2443, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1115, 7989, 3403, 3017, 287, 262, 6831, 389, 38733, 357, 273, 24918, 828, 4894, 5716, 290, 3350, 13, 12308, 5716, 318, 11032, 351, 262, 47523, 705, 6535, 4458, 198, 198, 1199, 11750, 262, 4725, 50, 1271, 318, 3017, 287, 262, 28531, 11, 340, 318, 635, 2810, 355, 257, 4553, 6536, 287, 1502, 284, 7139, 345, 284, 3297, 319, 428, 1988, 13, 383, 4725, 50, 6536, 287, 262, 6831, 36833, 262, 18148, 2095, 705, 34, 4458, 628, 198, 3237, 286, 262, 11773, 290, 18663, 4991, 460, 307, 11513, 1262, 2199, 48, 75, 1045, 338, 43376, 48, 261, 11315, 28260, 13, 198, 198, 43730, 6060, 198, 198, 9771, 48, 75, 1045, 468, 407, 587, 1498, 284, 1064, 3326, 16823, 3815, 329, 262, 705, 1073, 16814, 286, 5951, 35381, 286, 6625, 6, 329, 1248, 286, 262, 477, 19417, 290, 530, 1988, 329, 705, 88, 1164, 5503, 4458, 383, 6831, 318, 4306, 1844, 13, 628, 198, 35645, 16362, 329, 15317, 12, 28663, 1505, 36186, 357, 18760, 2736, 8, 198, 198, 14989, 718, 13, 3864, 12, 18760, 2736, 18983, 6031, 6713, 198, 198, 464, 1321, 2810, 287, 428, 6831, 318, 355, 7187, 355, 326, 1695, 422, 262, 4916, 290, 3427, 15317, 4773, 13, 1439, 10488, 1366, 357, 65, 12171, 290, 7805, 17995, 953, 32176, 8, 389, 355, 7187, 355, 262, 7695, 30927, 338, 8064, 329, 262, 2972, 477, 19417, 11, 543, 389, 1864, 284, 2972, 20915, 15317, 4773, 13, 198, 198, 21102, 889, 10101, 389, 329, 262, 2793, 4179, 286, 262, 4735, 10, 39250, 3814, 286, 262, 7108, 16362, 7, 82, 8, 290, 423, 587, 39555, 515, 1022, 7108, 37067, 351, 517, 621, 530, 7989, 36186, 278, 5002, 13, 383, 1255, 422, 428, 39555, 341, 423, 587, 3688, 351, 1900, 3815, 290, 1043, 284, 307, 1626, 362, 4, 286, 262, 10398, 1366, 13, 198, 198, 32419, 4894, 290, 18411, 3189, 3458, 423, 635, 587, 10488, 1262, 1900, 32126, 290, 1321, 290, 1043, 284, 307, 1626, 604, 13, 20, 4, 286, 10398, 1366, 287, 543, 2199, 48, 75, 1045, 468, 1043, 24916, 1321, 13, 198, 198, 9771, 48, 75, 1045, 389, 4361, 6563, 326, 11, 1566, 9157, 4306, 11, 326, 262, 3119, 1366, 3017, 287, 428, 6831, 318, 1022, 6957, 13, 20, 4, 290, 1802, 4, 7187, 13, 628, 198, 50286, 16, 13, 4091, 2199, 48, 75, 1045, 338, 26632, 290, 3395, 874, 20083, 329, 262, 6608, 286, 262, 2779, 6147, 290, 663, 36186, 278, 4847, 198, 198, 13518, 11725, 198, 198, 1639, 481, 1064, 2252, 3555, 319, 428, 2426, 287, 4941, 16125, 7, 17, 11, 513, 1222, 5846, 8, 628, 1849, 11504, 1514, 284, 262, 28260, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,847
Your Prayers are requested For the retired South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu, who has cancelled his attendance in Rome at a meeting of Nobel Laureates due to his undergoing new treatment for prostate cancer. Archbishop Tutu works so hard, even at the age of 83, to promote the message of forgiveness that the late President Nelson Mandela promoted so eloquently and humbly following his release from prison. He works tirelessly to promote forgiveness, justice, peace and equality and we pray that he may continue this work for many years to come. Saint Michael the Archangel and Saint Luke, Patron of Physicians, pray for him.
[ 7120, 1736, 6962, 389, 9167, 198, 198, 1890, 262, 9880, 2520, 5510, 36746, 41045, 22792, 84, 11, 508, 468, 16769, 465, 14858, 287, 10598, 379, 257, 3249, 286, 20715, 13826, 689, 2233, 284, 465, 23247, 649, 3513, 329, 26711, 4890, 13, 198, 198, 19895, 27832, 22792, 84, 2499, 523, 1327, 11, 772, 379, 262, 2479, 286, 9698, 11, 284, 7719, 262, 3275, 286, 26027, 326, 262, 2739, 1992, 12996, 40233, 13722, 523, 32973, 1473, 290, 1311, 36874, 1708, 465, 2650, 422, 3770, 13, 679, 2499, 47905, 284, 7719, 26027, 11, 5316, 11, 4167, 290, 10537, 290, 356, 12472, 326, 339, 743, 2555, 428, 670, 329, 867, 812, 284, 1282, 13, 198, 198, 48615, 3899, 262, 28811, 290, 9281, 11336, 11, 43315, 286, 46206, 11, 12472, 329, 683, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
129
Why Should A Person Come to the Cross? “Why should a person come to the cross? Why should a person embrace death with Christ? I’ll tell you why – because it’s the only way that God can get glory out of a human being! parisreidheadParis Reidhead was a Christian missionary, teacher, writer, and advocate of economic development in impoverished nations, pastoring of the Gospel Tabernacle in New York City. Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
[ 5195, 10358, 317, 7755, 7911, 284, 262, 1849, 21544, 30, 198, 198, 447, 250, 5195, 815, 257, 1048, 1282, 284, 262, 3272, 30, 198, 198, 5195, 815, 257, 1048, 12553, 1918, 351, 1951, 30, 628, 198, 40, 447, 247, 297, 1560, 345, 1521, 784, 780, 340, 447, 247, 82, 262, 691, 835, 326, 1793, 460, 651, 13476, 503, 286, 257, 1692, 852, 0, 198, 198, 1845, 271, 260, 312, 2256, 40313, 16095, 2256, 373, 257, 4302, 34692, 11, 4701, 11, 6260, 11, 290, 12811, 286, 3034, 2478, 287, 35014, 7027, 11, 1613, 3255, 286, 262, 23244, 16904, 1142, 6008, 287, 968, 1971, 2254, 13, 198, 198, 35087, 257, 14883, 628, 198, 26449, 13800, 13, 785, 42411, 628, 198, 11708, 4590, 628, 198, 14254, 4286, 628, 198, 12025, 4590, 628, 198, 13313, 278, 284, 4064, 82, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
136
Forgotten your username or password? Create an account Dark War REBOOTED Roleplaying and SKIRMISH Game Base price £33.95 Price £29.95 12% discount! Dark War Rebooted_Contents 001 Dark War Rebooted_Contents 002 Dark War Rebooted_Contents 003 Dark War Rebooted_Contents 004 Dark War Rebooted_Counters Dark War Rebooted_Map Dark War Rebooted_Rules Sample Dark War Rebooted_Cards Product Description Theme:      Fantasy      Solitaire      Discounted      WW3      It's 1985 West Germany teeters on the brink of defeat. The American V Corps is all but crushed, and Soviet armored formations rush to the French border. That is, however, only the war that most see. There is another war, a Dark War, a war against and between the monsters of our nightmares: vampires, werewolves or lycan as they call themselves, demons, witches, and other paranormal entities. These entities have taken advantage of the reality-ripping destruction of WW3 to overtly seek that which they have covertly desired for centuries: human blood, fear, chaos. There aren’t platoons of vampires or battalions of zombies skirmishing American paratroopers. Don’t be silly, these beings don’t work like that, although lycan clans have been known to arm their younger hunters and ambush their enemies, paranormal or otherwise. The monsters work in the shadows, a vampire coven of six or seven methodically preying on a small village with a weakened police force, a witch birthing a cult to serve in her search for wealth or power, a demon reanimating the dead to revel in the terror they create. But enough of the hoopla, let's talk game. Dark War uses a simple system, based on a single rule. Anytime you role a 4 or greater you get a success. In Dark War, that success might mean you pump two AK-47 rounds into a werewolf, or that your nurse heals a team member, or a witch gains control of a weak-minded soldier, forcing him to fire on his comrade. What varies are the dice that you use. When building your own character, you assign a fixed number of dice (4 x D4, 3 x D6, 2 x D8) to seven attributes--Shooting, Melee, Speed, Intelligence, Charm, Will, and Dodge-- to determine what type of individual you control. The more dice and the better the dice assigned to an attribute, the greater chance you have or rolling successes. But the customization doesn't end there. You can use experience points to buy Kickers, such as "Rifles," which adds an extra D6 when firing a rifle or "Power of Prayer" that allows a character to heal a teammate within two squares. Two many options? Just choose a group of pre-generated characters from the bestiary, slap them on the provided map, and have at it. Or, if you prefer, you can fight out one of the three, included skirmishes Obviously attributes such as Charm and Intelligence can be put to great use when roleplaying, but Dark War's unique Action Cards ensure they are relevant even when fighting a quick skirmish.  For example, when an opponent activates a character you can slap the Fear Action Card on them, forcing them to pass an Intelligence test or lose all their actions. Other Action Cards can reload a weapon, add a die to melee, or even heal a wound.  When the fighting breaks out, characters determine initiative by rolling a combination of their Speed and Intelligence dice. The total determines when they act (higher is better, obviously) the number of successes determines how many Actions they have. Simple, fluid, and highly interactive.  Many RPGs say "Here are the rules, now go buy your own stuff to play with." Dark War is different. In each game you get the core rule book, 18 Action Cards, a 17" x 22" battle map depicting a West German village, and 70 1" square counters that include Russian and American soldiers, civilians, werewolves, vampires, witches, dead folks, zombies, and more. Better still we include a handful of stands, enabling the counters to functions as standees. It's like having your own set of Dark War minis. Furthermore, the rules include three ready-to-play skirmish scenarios (In the Beginning, Stranger Things, My Enemies' Friend) and a beginning-level, one to two session adventure titled, The Escape, complete with generated characters.  When we say "Ready to play," we mean it. It's a small unit skirmish game, it's a roleplaying game, it's straight-up fighting or weird war combat. It's whatever you make it. It's the Dark War Roleplaying and SKIRMISH game. Each Game Includes • a 48-page set of core rules including three skirmish scenarios and a pre-generated adventure. • a beautiful 17" x 22" battle map representing a West German village. • 70 good looking game chits. Lay 'em flat or stand up up. • 18 full-color Action Cards. • 10 standee bases. The Novels Dark War is based on a pair of novels by Mark H. Walker, Revelation and Retribution. The novels are part Tom Clancy/Harold Coyle-style modern combat, and part Stephen King bump-in-night paranormal. If that interests you, get the paperbacks right here: Revelation and/or Retribution. Frequently Asked Questions • Hey, what about those cool pictures? Will my standees really fling lightning bolts? LOL. No, those are just some special effects we used to spark your imagination. But the standees DO look super cool. • Can I play the skirmish game solitaire? Sure, you just have to play each side to the best of your ability. • Can I use my own miniatures? Of course you can. You can use your own minis, terrain you have made, 1" square battle maps that you have bought, or even hex maps. Nothing in the game precludes that. The difference in Dark War and many RPGs is that you aren't REQUIRED to buy that. We give you everything that you need.  Base postage cost: £2.50 Second Chance Games Newsletter Joomla Extensions powered by Joobi My Basket Your basket is empty
[ 1890, 21646, 534, 20579, 393, 9206, 30, 13610, 281, 1848, 198, 198, 17367, 1810, 4526, 8202, 2394, 1961, 20934, 17916, 290, 14277, 4663, 44, 18422, 3776, 198, 198, 14881, 2756, 4248, 2091, 13, 3865, 198, 18124, 4248, 1959, 13, 3865, 198, 1065, 4, 9780, 0, 198, 17367, 1810, 50204, 276, 62, 15842, 3571, 16, 198, 17367, 1810, 50204, 276, 62, 15842, 3571, 17, 198, 17367, 1810, 50204, 276, 62, 15842, 3571, 18, 198, 17367, 1810, 50204, 276, 62, 15842, 3571, 19, 198, 17367, 1810, 50204, 276, 62, 34, 15044, 198, 17367, 1810, 50204, 276, 62, 13912, 198, 17367, 1810, 50204, 276, 62, 37766, 27565, 198, 17367, 1810, 50204, 276, 62, 34, 1371, 198, 198, 15667, 12489, 198, 198, 47863, 25, 5624, 33477, 10982, 5624, 33477, 28762, 5624, 33477, 43474, 276, 5624, 33477, 13505, 18, 5624, 33477, 628, 198, 1026, 338, 12863, 198, 198, 15045, 4486, 573, 7307, 319, 262, 29585, 286, 7433, 13, 383, 1605, 569, 12778, 318, 477, 475, 18577, 11, 290, 7570, 24856, 30648, 10484, 284, 262, 4141, 4865, 13, 1320, 318, 11, 2158, 11, 691, 262, 1175, 326, 749, 766, 13, 1849, 1858, 318, 1194, 1175, 11, 257, 3801, 1810, 11, 257, 1175, 1028, 290, 1022, 262, 10963, 286, 674, 33301, 25, 35299, 11, 547, 29664, 393, 22404, 5171, 355, 484, 869, 2405, 11, 17708, 11, 34773, 11, 290, 584, 47525, 12066, 13, 2312, 12066, 423, 2077, 4621, 286, 262, 3950, 12, 380, 2105, 8166, 286, 13505, 18, 284, 45118, 5380, 326, 543, 484, 423, 22624, 306, 10348, 329, 10675, 25, 1692, 2910, 11, 3252, 11, 11918, 13, 1318, 3588, 447, 247, 83, 458, 5549, 684, 286, 35299, 393, 6274, 50022, 286, 19005, 37238, 3929, 1605, 1582, 47756, 20618, 13, 2094, 447, 247, 83, 307, 14397, 11, 777, 9791, 836, 447, 247, 83, 670, 588, 326, 11, 3584, 22404, 5171, 38501, 423, 587, 1900, 284, 3211, 511, 7099, 21490, 290, 34298, 511, 5775, 11, 47525, 393, 4306, 13, 383, 10963, 670, 287, 262, 16187, 11, 257, 23952, 763, 574, 286, 2237, 393, 3598, 2446, 1146, 662, 1112, 319, 257, 1402, 7404, 351, 257, 24135, 1644, 2700, 11, 257, 16365, 35122, 1197, 257, 2285, 284, 4691, 287, 607, 2989, 329, 5129, 393, 1176, 11, 257, 3222, 302, 11227, 803, 1849, 1169, 2636, 284, 9890, 287, 262, 3246, 484, 2251, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 1576, 286, 262, 44792, 5031, 11, 1309, 338, 1561, 983, 13, 3801, 1810, 3544, 257, 2829, 1080, 11, 1912, 319, 257, 2060, 3896, 13, 4377, 2435, 345, 2597, 257, 604, 393, 3744, 345, 651, 257, 1943, 13, 554, 3801, 1810, 11, 326, 1943, 1244, 1612, 345, 8901, 734, 15837, 12, 2857, 9196, 656, 257, 547, 18829, 11, 393, 326, 534, 15849, 38673, 257, 1074, 2888, 11, 393, 257, 16365, 8810, 1630, 286, 257, 4939, 12, 14543, 10686, 11, 10833, 683, 284, 2046, 319, 465, 47998, 13, 1867, 17806, 389, 262, 17963, 326, 345, 779, 13, 1649, 2615, 534, 898, 2095, 11, 345, 8333, 257, 5969, 1271, 286, 17963, 357, 19, 2124, 360, 19, 11, 513, 2124, 360, 21, 11, 362, 2124, 360, 23, 8, 284, 3598, 12608, 438, 2484, 12494, 11, 21058, 11, 8729, 11, 9345, 11, 30225, 11, 2561, 11, 290, 26048, 438, 284, 5004, 644, 2099, 286, 1981, 345, 1630, 13, 383, 517, 17963, 290, 262, 1365, 262, 17963, 8686, 284, 281, 11688, 11, 262, 3744, 2863, 345, 423, 393, 10708, 23682, 13, 887, 262, 31344, 1595, 470, 886, 612, 13, 921, 460, 779, 1998, 2173, 284, 2822, 10279, 364, 11, 884, 355, 366, 49, 16063, 553, 543, 6673, 281, 3131, 360, 21, 618, 9645, 257, 11575, 393, 366, 13434, 286, 33189, 1, 326, 3578, 257, 2095, 284, 12035, 257, 20052, 1626, 734, 24438, 13, 1849, 7571, 867, 3689, 30, 2329, 3853, 257, 1448, 286, 662, 12, 27568, 3435, 422, 262, 1266, 8042, 11, 23905, 606, 319, 262, 2810, 3975, 11, 290, 423, 379, 340, 13, 1471, 11, 611, 345, 4702, 11, 345, 460, 1907, 503, 530, 286, 262, 1115, 11, 3017, 37238, 5614, 198, 198, 20670, 12608, 884, 355, 30225, 290, 9345, 460, 307, 1234, 284, 1049, 779, 618, 2597, 17916, 11, 475, 3801, 1810, 338, 3748, 7561, 15824, 4155, 484, 389, 5981, 1849, 10197, 618, 4330, 257, 2068, 37238, 680, 13, 1849, 1114, 1672, 11, 618, 281, 6125, 36206, 257, 2095, 345, 460, 23905, 262, 16132, 7561, 5172, 319, 606, 11, 10833, 606, 284, 1208, 281, 9345, 1332, 393, 4425, 477, 511, 4028, 13, 3819, 7561, 15824, 460, 18126, 257, 4282, 11, 751, 257, 4656, 284, 16837, 11, 393, 772, 12035, 257, 11699, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 2215, 262, 4330, 9457, 503, 11, 3435, 5004, 10219, 416, 10708, 257, 6087, 286, 511, 8729, 290, 9345, 17963, 13, 383, 2472, 15947, 618, 484, 719, 357, 46503, 318, 1365, 11, 6189, 8, 262, 1271, 286, 23682, 15947, 703, 867, 24439, 484, 423, 13, 17427, 11, 11711, 11, 290, 4047, 14333, 13, 1849, 198, 7085, 46697, 910, 366, 4342, 389, 262, 3173, 11, 783, 467, 2822, 534, 898, 3404, 284, 711, 351, 526, 3801, 1810, 318, 1180, 13, 554, 1123, 983, 345, 651, 262, 4755, 3896, 1492, 11, 1248, 7561, 15824, 11, 257, 1596, 1, 2124, 2534, 1, 3344, 3975, 27561, 257, 2688, 2679, 7404, 11, 290, 4317, 352, 1, 6616, 21154, 326, 2291, 3394, 290, 1605, 5795, 11, 10380, 11, 547, 29664, 11, 35299, 11, 34773, 11, 2636, 7974, 11, 19005, 11, 290, 517, 13, 11625, 991, 356, 2291, 257, 10089, 286, 6296, 11, 15882, 262, 21154, 284, 5499, 355, 1302, 2841, 13, 632, 338, 588, 1719, 534, 898, 900, 286, 3801, 1810, 949, 271, 13, 11399, 11, 262, 3173, 2291, 1115, 3492, 12, 1462, 12, 1759, 37238, 680, 13858, 357, 818, 262, 25976, 11, 29683, 11597, 11, 2011, 24364, 6, 9182, 8, 290, 257, 3726, 12, 5715, 11, 530, 284, 734, 6246, 8855, 11946, 11, 1849, 464, 14473, 11, 1844, 351, 7560, 3435, 13, 1849, 1649, 356, 910, 366, 35474, 284, 711, 553, 356, 1612, 340, 13, 198, 1026, 338, 257, 1402, 4326, 37238, 680, 983, 11, 340, 338, 257, 2597, 17916, 983, 11, 340, 338, 3892, 12, 929, 4330, 393, 7650, 1175, 5249, 13, 632, 338, 4232, 345, 787, 340, 13, 632, 338, 262, 3801, 1810, 20934, 17916, 290, 14277, 4663, 44, 18422, 983, 13, 198, 10871, 3776, 29581, 198, 50286, 3581, 257, 4764, 12, 7700, 900, 286, 4755, 3173, 1390, 1115, 37238, 680, 13858, 290, 257, 662, 12, 27568, 8855, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 257, 4950, 1596, 1, 2124, 2534, 1, 3344, 3975, 10200, 257, 2688, 2679, 7404, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 4317, 922, 2045, 983, 442, 896, 13, 18881, 705, 368, 6228, 393, 1302, 510, 510, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 1248, 1336, 12, 8043, 7561, 15824, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 838, 1302, 1453, 12536, 13, 198, 198, 464, 24467, 82, 198, 198, 17367, 1810, 318, 1912, 319, 257, 5166, 286, 16122, 416, 2940, 367, 13, 10120, 11, 33722, 290, 4990, 3890, 13, 383, 16122, 389, 636, 4186, 46255, 14, 13587, 727, 327, 19802, 12, 7635, 3660, 5249, 11, 290, 636, 7970, 2677, 13852, 12, 259, 12, 3847, 47525, 13, 1002, 326, 5353, 345, 11, 651, 262, 3348, 10146, 826, 994, 25, 1849, 3041, 626, 341, 1849, 392, 14, 273, 1849, 9781, 3890, 13, 198, 198, 37, 37971, 26220, 20396, 628, 50286, 3581, 14690, 11, 644, 546, 883, 3608, 5986, 30, 1849, 8743, 616, 1302, 2841, 1107, 781, 278, 14357, 24667, 30, 35513, 13, 1400, 11, 883, 389, 655, 617, 2041, 3048, 356, 973, 284, 9009, 534, 13843, 13, 887, 262, 1302, 2841, 8410, 804, 2208, 3608, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 1680, 314, 711, 262, 37238, 680, 983, 1540, 26627, 30, 1849, 19457, 11, 345, 655, 423, 284, 711, 1123, 1735, 284, 262, 1266, 286, 534, 2694, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 1680, 314, 779, 616, 898, 949, 42711, 30, 1849, 5189, 1781, 345, 460, 13, 921, 460, 779, 534, 898, 949, 271, 11, 15510, 345, 423, 925, 11, 352, 1, 6616, 3344, 8739, 326, 345, 423, 5839, 11, 393, 772, 17910, 8739, 13, 10528, 287, 262, 983, 662, 13955, 326, 13, 383, 3580, 287, 3801, 1810, 290, 867, 46697, 318, 326, 345, 3588, 470, 4526, 10917, 37819, 284, 2822, 326, 13, 775, 1577, 345, 2279, 326, 345, 761, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 14881, 48552, 1575, 25, 4248, 17, 13, 1120, 628, 198, 12211, 11809, 5776, 35798, 628, 198, 41, 4207, 5031, 49751, 13232, 416, 5302, 13411, 198, 198, 3666, 347, 11715, 628, 198, 7120, 7988, 318, 6565, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,398
Take the 2-minute tour × What could the problem be? How do I find out what's going on? EDIT: Hitting f2 when the progress bar is going across the screen shows that booting stops at "Starting atd: [OK]". After it reaches that point, the screen flickers a little bit and it just hangs. share|improve this question The OP was working on this answer when he encounters this problem. @jonderry I think it's better to give a little context to the problem you are having. –  phunehehe Mar 8 '11 at 5:35 If things was working properly before then chances are the newly created /etc/X11/xorg.conf is at fault. Try booting into single user mode and deleting the file. –  phunehehe Mar 8 '11 at 5:39 What drivers did you install? Do you have 'nomodeset' in your GRUB kernel parameters? –  jsbillings Mar 8 '11 at 13:44 1 Answer 1 up vote 4 down vote accepted Sounds very much like there is a problem starting X, especially if you were messing around with xorg.conf. Deleting xorg.conf should solve the problem, also you should check /var/log/Xorg.0.log for errors. share|improve this answer You have saved my laptop. –  Wok Mar 3 '13 at 21:50 @wok: glad to hear that! –  nico Mar 4 '13 at 6:18 Your Answer
[ 12322, 262, 362, 12, 11374, 4205, 13958, 198, 198, 2061, 714, 262, 1917, 307, 30, 1374, 466, 314, 1064, 503, 644, 338, 1016, 319, 30, 198, 198, 24706, 25, 367, 2535, 277, 17, 618, 262, 4371, 2318, 318, 1016, 1973, 262, 3159, 2523, 326, 6297, 278, 9911, 379, 366, 22851, 379, 67, 25, 685, 11380, 60, 1911, 2293, 340, 12229, 326, 966, 11, 262, 3159, 781, 21630, 257, 1310, 1643, 290, 340, 655, 28087, 13, 198, 198, 20077, 91, 49453, 428, 1808, 198, 464, 13349, 373, 1762, 319, 428, 3280, 618, 339, 16925, 428, 1917, 13, 2488, 73, 623, 6996, 314, 892, 340, 338, 1365, 284, 1577, 257, 1310, 4732, 284, 262, 1917, 345, 389, 1719, 13, 784, 1849, 872, 1726, 258, 258, 1526, 807, 705, 1157, 379, 642, 25, 2327, 198, 1532, 1243, 373, 1762, 6105, 878, 788, 8395, 389, 262, 8308, 2727, 1220, 14784, 14, 55, 1157, 14, 87, 2398, 13, 10414, 318, 379, 8046, 13, 9993, 6297, 278, 656, 2060, 2836, 4235, 290, 34817, 262, 2393, 13, 784, 1849, 872, 1726, 258, 258, 1526, 807, 705, 1157, 379, 642, 25, 2670, 198, 2061, 6643, 750, 345, 2721, 30, 2141, 345, 423, 705, 26601, 4147, 316, 6, 287, 534, 10863, 10526, 9720, 10007, 30, 784, 1849, 44804, 35546, 654, 1526, 807, 705, 1157, 379, 1511, 25, 2598, 198, 198, 16, 23998, 352, 198, 198, 929, 3015, 604, 866, 3015, 6292, 198, 198, 40825, 845, 881, 588, 612, 318, 257, 1917, 3599, 1395, 11, 2592, 611, 345, 547, 37241, 1088, 351, 2124, 2398, 13, 10414, 13, 198, 198, 5005, 293, 889, 2124, 2398, 13, 10414, 815, 8494, 262, 1917, 11, 635, 345, 815, 2198, 1220, 7785, 14, 6404, 14, 55, 2398, 13, 15, 13, 6404, 329, 8563, 13, 198, 198, 20077, 91, 49453, 428, 3280, 198, 1639, 423, 7448, 616, 13224, 13, 784, 1849, 370, 482, 1526, 513, 705, 1485, 379, 2310, 25, 1120, 198, 31, 86, 482, 25, 9675, 284, 3285, 326, 0, 784, 1849, 299, 3713, 1526, 604, 705, 1485, 379, 718, 25, 1507, 198, 198, 7120, 23998, 628, 198, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
344
drdenebele: I will remove a curse from you and your family for $100 in: Other • Expected delivery ~4 days • Not rated yet. Do you feel like you are obsessed with bad spirits or do you think you have bad spirits following your back. How do you know that you are cursed? the following are some of the signs that you are either cursed or you have evil spirits following you. 1. Having bad dreams or call them night mares dreaming of ghosts dead people. 2. Seeing Shadows in your house yet you cant trace any person in the room common in Africa
[ 67, 4372, 1734, 1350, 293, 25, 314, 481, 4781, 257, 17328, 422, 345, 290, 534, 1641, 329, 720, 3064, 198, 198, 259, 25, 3819, 5595, 1475, 7254, 7585, 5299, 19, 1528, 628, 50286, 3581, 1892, 13178, 1865, 13, 198, 198, 5211, 345, 1254, 588, 345, 389, 21366, 351, 2089, 13747, 393, 466, 345, 892, 345, 423, 2089, 13747, 1708, 534, 736, 13, 1374, 466, 345, 760, 326, 345, 389, 25155, 30, 262, 1708, 389, 617, 286, 262, 5895, 326, 345, 389, 2035, 25155, 393, 345, 423, 6181, 13747, 1708, 345, 13, 352, 13, 11136, 2089, 10625, 393, 869, 606, 1755, 285, 3565, 28368, 286, 25899, 2636, 661, 13, 362, 13, 25913, 18037, 287, 534, 2156, 1865, 345, 18548, 12854, 597, 1048, 287, 262, 2119, 2219, 287, 5478, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
128
‘In most schools, seats are still empty’ Delhi education minister and minister for women and child welfare, Kiran Walia, explains the action her ministry has taken against schools flouting the RTE and the admission guidelines.   What are the challenges you have faced with the EWS admissions? One of the biggest problems is getting enough applications for all seats and filling up the vacancies. There aren’t enough applications in a number of schools. According to our experience, most applications are given in for a hundred schools. In the rest of the schools the seats are going empty. Another problem is the distance criteria. In this case, we can ask the school to remove the distance criterion but then the issue of transportation comes in. These are some complex issues. Is the Delhi government planning to streamline the admission in other classes as well? No, we are not planning any such step at the time but if we get complaints about schools screening children or parents or taking a capitation fee, we take immediate action against the school. There are very stringent laws in this regard. However, we get very few complaints as many parents do not want to come out in the open. The dropout rate from private schools is considered to be high. This is an area that has so far not been taken into account. We plan to ask schools to send us statistics on the number of students admitted and the number of students retained. This is data worth collecting. also read Interview: RR Patil, home minister 'Need fast-track courts dedicated to women safety' blog comments powered by Disqus
[ 447, 246, 818, 749, 4266, 11, 8632, 389, 991, 6565, 447, 247, 198, 198, 13856, 5303, 3707, 5342, 290, 5342, 329, 1466, 290, 1200, 9490, 11, 7385, 272, 6445, 544, 11, 6688, 262, 2223, 607, 11957, 468, 2077, 1028, 4266, 781, 13660, 262, 371, 9328, 290, 262, 13938, 9949, 13, 4603, 628, 198, 2061, 389, 262, 6459, 345, 423, 7452, 351, 262, 412, 19416, 25349, 30, 198, 198, 3198, 286, 262, 4094, 2761, 318, 1972, 1576, 5479, 329, 477, 8632, 290, 12591, 510, 262, 48639, 13, 1318, 3588, 447, 247, 83, 1576, 5479, 287, 257, 1271, 286, 4266, 13, 4784, 284, 674, 1998, 11, 749, 5479, 389, 1813, 287, 329, 257, 3470, 4266, 13, 554, 262, 1334, 286, 262, 4266, 262, 8632, 389, 1016, 6565, 13, 6023, 1917, 318, 262, 5253, 9987, 13, 554, 428, 1339, 11, 356, 460, 1265, 262, 1524, 284, 4781, 262, 5253, 34054, 475, 788, 262, 2071, 286, 9358, 2058, 287, 13, 2312, 389, 617, 3716, 2428, 13, 198, 198, 3792, 262, 12517, 1230, 5410, 284, 4269, 1370, 262, 13938, 287, 584, 6097, 355, 880, 30, 198, 198, 2949, 11, 356, 389, 407, 5410, 597, 884, 2239, 379, 262, 640, 475, 611, 356, 651, 9687, 546, 4266, 14135, 1751, 393, 3397, 393, 2263, 257, 1451, 3780, 6838, 11, 356, 1011, 7103, 2223, 1028, 262, 1524, 13, 1318, 389, 845, 32791, 3657, 287, 428, 2754, 13, 2102, 11, 356, 651, 845, 1178, 9687, 355, 867, 3397, 466, 407, 765, 284, 1282, 503, 287, 262, 1280, 13, 198, 198, 464, 4268, 448, 2494, 422, 2839, 4266, 318, 3177, 284, 307, 1029, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 318, 281, 1989, 326, 468, 523, 1290, 407, 587, 2077, 656, 1848, 13, 775, 1410, 284, 1265, 4266, 284, 3758, 514, 7869, 319, 262, 1271, 286, 2444, 6848, 290, 262, 1271, 286, 2444, 17383, 13, 770, 318, 1366, 2861, 13157, 13, 628, 198, 14508, 1100, 198, 198, 39945, 25, 26067, 3208, 346, 11, 1363, 5342, 198, 198, 6, 23037, 3049, 12, 11659, 8028, 7256, 284, 1466, 3747, 6, 198, 198, 14036, 3651, 13232, 416, 3167, 45260, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
344
Facing South CENSUS WATCH: In Louisiana, the Census gets a dose of Cajun pride Facing South Facing South Appreciate this post? Please donate & share below. Reddit » cajun_census_map_2000.pngThere's an effort underway in Louisiana to use the 2010 Census to pull in federal funding for Cajun and Creole cultural programs, and it's stirring up some controversy over how to best classify members of the state's French-speaking cultures. Question No. 8 on the Census short form asks whether someone is of "Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin" -- and that has inspired action by the World Studies Institute of Louisiana, a nonprofit based in Lafayette, La. that seeks to connect the state's French speakers with the wider French-speaking world. The Independent Weekly of Lafayette reports: The WSI is urging the state's Creole and Cajun communities to check the last box in No. 8 -- "Yes. Another Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin" -- and then to write beneath it either "Louisiana Creole" or "Cajun." For the first time, this will allow Uncle Sam to get a head count of the state's Cajun and Creole populations, provided those groups don't skip over question No. 8. The WSI's Christophe Landry calls this year's Census "a window of opportunity" for Louisiana's French-speaking communities. Kat Smith, a spokesperson for the Census Bureau's Dallas field office, says Louisiana Creoles and Cajuns who write in their cultural identification in response to the question will be counted, according to the Independent Weekly: "As long as they as a group or ethnicity or race decide that they want to make sure that their numbers are where they need to be -- we do the same thing for tribes, American Indian tribes and things of that nature -- they can make sure their numbers are counted as such by identifying themselves consistently by writing it a certain way," says Smith. However, Louisianans who want to identify as Creole need to be specific: If someone writes in response to the question "French Creole" or simply "Creole," that could also mean Haitians or other groups. That's why they're being asked to write "Louisiana Creole" instead. Not everyone supports WSI's effort, though. Columbia University graduate student and Louisiana native Gus Gravot has formed a Facebook group titled Louisiana Cajun & Creole ≠ Latino, questioning what he calls the "misidentification" of those groups as Latino. Instead, he's calling on Louisiana's Cajuns and Creoles to write in their identity in the "other" space provided in Section 9 of the Census, which asks about race. But whichever side one comes down on, there's a benefit to the controversy -- and that's increased public discussion and awareness of the Census, which helps drive decisions over the spending of billions of federal dollars. This is especially important in the South, where there's a history of undercounting. To see a copy of the Census form, click here. Your rating: None re: CENSUS WATCH: In Louisiana, the Census gets a dose of Cajun Why would Gus Gravot want us to identify Louisiana Creoles/Cajuns as a race? I thought races were blacks, whites, asians, ect. Louisiana Creoles and Cajuns are of many races. It seems Mr. Gravot wants to cause more confusion instead of placing our culture where it belongs, in question 8. What kind of Creole are they talking about? Creole is not defined by African ancestry. My Nephew is decended from one of the French founders of Natchitoches so he is Creole even though he doesn't have a Crole name. I have nices and nephews that are 1/4 Cajun and 1/4 Italian. Can they make the claim of Cajun? Their lineage from my side of the family is pretty mixed with American Indian, Spanish, English, Scotch-Irish, German, Jewish, and possibly Arabic. Our family is uniquely American and gets more so every generation. It's not about race but rather ethnicity. Hispanic is not a race but an ethnicity. I agree with Fred. Cajuns aren't a race. Creoles aren't a race either. The only reason there would be so-called "controversy" is because Gus Gravot is confused. Plus, it's not just French-speakers! It includes people who speak Louisiana Creole and people who speak Louisiana Spanish. Those people are Creoles. Let's also not forget the German Creoles (Schexnayder, Waguespack, etc.) and the Portuguese Creoles (such as the last name Fonseca). So, Cajun and Louisiana Creole aren't races. They're cultures. The World Studies Institute is correct and the little grad student stands alone with HIS "misidentification." Is a person of German descent a different race than a person of French descent? Obviously not. They'd both be categorized under "white." Agreed - People belonging to the "Louisiana Creole" or "Cajun" culture can be of different races. The "LA Creole" or "Cajun" is primarily a cultural designation. Only 7% of people in South Louisiana are Cajun. There has to be something wrong with that map. Anyone who thinks that Hispanic/Latino isn't also about race is even more confused. As the terms are used in the western hemisphere there is generally a connotation of being mestizo (mixed Spanish/Indian blood) such as most people of Mexican and south American descent who are often of far more native american ancestry than Spanish ancestry. The same is true for those with origins in the Caribbean where there is early Spanish/Indian mixing and then later mixing with Africans. Many people who have recently moved to the U.S. from Spain are reluctant to identify as latino exactly because of its mixed race connotations compared to european Spanish who consider themselves to be white. Like it or not, Cajun or Creole are, despite their own ambiguities, far more accurate and less confusing terms to use in and of themselves in terms of having specific meanings in Louisiana compared to Latino or Hispanic which conjure up very different histories and images. Based on the logic at work with this census movement, people of pure European or African descent in Texas should be included as hispanic or latino too because much of what is considered to be local culture in Texas is based on strong Mexican influences. Or, let's put all the people of Asian descent under a category of anglo-american or european since they exhibit just as much Anglo-European influence as they do influences from their ancestors' homelands. Makes about as much sense as trying to sell the Latino label to a 60 year old Fontenot from Church Point..... You gotta be kidding! there are people that only speak French here? Is'nt it time they learned some English? I hate to sound like a racist here, but c'mon man! Did anyone run a background check on these guys? I'm Creole, but I don't know if I agree with either. I would love more cultural federal funding, as well as recognition as an ethnic group but reporting as Latino or as a Creole race would not be accurate. Until there is a way to report your ethnicity (such as Irish or Italian) I will continue to report my race as Black and non-Hispanic. It does seem confusing that they have questions 8 & 9 instead of combining them. Hispanic, etc. could have been included in #9 under its heading as was done for American Indians, Other Asian, etc. They are required to answer both. I am Cajun and believe we should answer by checking two boxes(as allowed)under #9. We should be using #9's other, because the definition of ethnicity does have to do with your racial, national, & cultural background. Cajuns & Creoles can be a mixture of several races including(but not limited to)French, Spanish, Indian, Acadians, etc. Hopefully which ever question is used they combine the number of people that have identified themselves as Louisiana Cajun and Creole. I am a Lousiana Creole. I know there are Creoles out there who refer to themselves as African American and Non-Hispanic. However, the fact is....we are mixed with several races including ALL of the Latino races (in varying degrees) such as French, Spanish, Italian. We SHOULD be able consider ourselves as Latinos as well. I am comfortable with checking "other" and/or writing in "Lousiana French Creole". I feel it would be also accurate to check "Latino"....as many Latinos are mixed with other races and yet are still considered "Latinos" or "Hispanics". I am a Louisiana Creole as is my family . I marked Louisiana Creole in # 9 and Latino in number # 8 , I also marked other and put a check next to white , black , Native American , I am all of these ethnicities and proud to be a Louisiana Creole ! maybe it's time you learned french
[ 37, 4092, 2520, 198, 198, 34, 16938, 2937, 16518, 25, 554, 13340, 11, 262, 20962, 3011, 257, 10742, 286, 327, 1228, 403, 11293, 198, 198, 37, 4092, 2520, 198, 37, 4092, 2520, 198, 4677, 29102, 378, 428, 1281, 30, 4222, 16565, 1222, 2648, 2174, 13, 198, 22367, 13355, 198, 198, 66, 1228, 403, 62, 66, 7314, 62, 8899, 62, 11024, 13, 11134, 1858, 338, 281, 3626, 17715, 287, 13340, 284, 779, 262, 3050, 20962, 284, 2834, 287, 2717, 4918, 329, 327, 1228, 403, 290, 5844, 2305, 6467, 4056, 11, 290, 340, 338, 26547, 510, 617, 10386, 625, 703, 284, 1266, 36509, 1866, 286, 262, 1181, 338, 4141, 12, 25159, 13817, 13, 198, 198, 24361, 1400, 13, 807, 319, 262, 20962, 1790, 1296, 7893, 1771, 2130, 318, 286, 366, 43830, 11, 20496, 11, 393, 7897, 8159, 1, 1377, 290, 326, 468, 7867, 2223, 416, 262, 2159, 10422, 5136, 286, 13340, 11, 257, 15346, 1912, 287, 41388, 11, 4689, 13, 326, 12932, 284, 2018, 262, 1181, 338, 4141, 11636, 351, 262, 10595, 4141, 12, 25159, 995, 13, 198, 198, 464, 13362, 18168, 286, 41388, 3136, 25, 198, 198, 464, 370, 11584, 318, 17619, 262, 1181, 338, 5844, 2305, 290, 327, 1228, 403, 5348, 284, 2198, 262, 938, 3091, 287, 1400, 13, 807, 1377, 366, 5297, 13, 6023, 16949, 11, 20496, 393, 7897, 8159, 1, 1377, 290, 788, 284, 3551, 11061, 340, 2035, 366, 32117, 7484, 5844, 2305, 1, 393, 366, 34, 1228, 403, 526, 1114, 262, 717, 640, 11, 428, 481, 1249, 23169, 3409, 284, 651, 257, 1182, 954, 286, 262, 1181, 338, 327, 1228, 403, 290, 5844, 2305, 9684, 11, 2810, 883, 2628, 836, 470, 14267, 625, 1808, 1400, 13, 807, 13, 198, 198, 464, 370, 11584, 338, 1951, 43852, 6379, 563, 3848, 428, 614, 338, 20962, 366, 64, 4324, 286, 3663, 1, 329, 13340, 338, 4141, 12, 25159, 5348, 13, 198, 198, 25881, 4176, 11, 257, 11821, 329, 262, 20962, 9840, 338, 8533, 2214, 2607, 11, 1139, 13340, 5844, 4316, 290, 327, 1228, 13271, 508, 3551, 287, 511, 6467, 11795, 287, 2882, 284, 262, 1808, 481, 307, 14789, 11, 1864, 284, 262, 13362, 18168, 25, 198, 198, 1, 1722, 890, 355, 484, 355, 257, 1448, 393, 26289, 393, 3234, 5409, 326, 484, 765, 284, 787, 1654, 326, 511, 3146, 389, 810, 484, 761, 284, 307, 1377, 356, 466, 262, 976, 1517, 329, 15663, 11, 1605, 3942, 15663, 290, 1243, 286, 326, 3450, 1377, 484, 460, 787, 1654, 511, 3146, 389, 14789, 355, 884, 416, 13720, 2405, 9835, 416, 3597, 340, 257, 1728, 835, 553, 1139, 4176, 13, 198, 198, 4864, 11, 5593, 666, 504, 508, 765, 284, 5911, 355, 5844, 2305, 761, 284, 307, 2176, 25, 1002, 2130, 6797, 287, 2882, 284, 262, 1808, 366, 24111, 5844, 2305, 1, 393, 2391, 366, 12443, 2305, 553, 326, 714, 635, 1612, 19456, 1547, 393, 584, 2628, 13, 1320, 338, 1521, 484, 821, 852, 1965, 284, 3551, 366, 32117, 7484, 5844, 2305, 1, 2427, 13, 198, 198, 3673, 2506, 6971, 370, 11584, 338, 3626, 11, 996, 13, 9309, 2059, 10428, 3710, 290, 13340, 6868, 37307, 32599, 313, 468, 7042, 257, 3203, 1448, 11946, 13340, 327, 1228, 403, 1222, 5844, 2305, 15139, 254, 20496, 11, 14085, 644, 339, 3848, 262, 366, 25413, 738, 2649, 1, 286, 883, 2628, 355, 20496, 13, 198, 198, 13193, 11, 339, 338, 4585, 319, 13340, 338, 327, 1228, 13271, 290, 5844, 4316, 284, 3551, 287, 511, 5369, 287, 262, 366, 847, 1, 2272, 2810, 287, 7275, 860, 286, 262, 20962, 11, 543, 7893, 546, 3234, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 26204, 1735, 530, 2058, 866, 319, 11, 612, 338, 257, 4414, 284, 262, 10386, 1377, 290, 326, 338, 3220, 1171, 5114, 290, 9359, 286, 262, 20962, 11, 543, 5419, 3708, 5370, 625, 262, 4581, 286, 13188, 286, 2717, 5054, 13, 770, 318, 2592, 1593, 287, 262, 2520, 11, 810, 612, 338, 257, 2106, 286, 739, 9127, 278, 13, 198, 198, 2514, 766, 257, 4866, 286, 262, 20962, 1296, 11, 3904, 994, 13, 198, 198, 7120, 7955, 25, 6045, 628, 198, 198, 260, 25, 327, 16938, 2937, 16518, 25, 554, 13340, 11, 262, 20962, 3011, 257, 10742, 286, 327, 1228, 403, 198, 198, 5195, 561, 37307, 32599, 313, 765, 514, 284, 5911, 13340, 5844, 4316, 14, 34, 1228, 13271, 355, 257, 3234, 30, 314, 1807, 9558, 547, 15102, 11, 13216, 11, 355, 1547, 11, 46080, 13, 13340, 5844, 4316, 290, 327, 1228, 13271, 389, 286, 867, 9558, 13, 632, 2331, 1770, 13, 32599, 313, 3382, 284, 2728, 517, 10802, 2427, 286, 12560, 674, 3968, 810, 340, 14448, 11, 287, 1808, 807, 13, 628, 198, 2061, 1611, 286, 5844, 2305, 389, 484, 3375, 546, 30, 5844, 2305, 318, 407, 5447, 416, 5510, 29171, 13, 2011, 15310, 6391, 318, 875, 1631, 422, 530, 286, 262, 4141, 22202, 286, 399, 963, 270, 420, 956, 523, 339, 318, 5844, 2305, 772, 996, 339, 1595, 470, 423, 257, 9325, 293, 1438, 13, 314, 423, 299, 1063, 290, 26301, 82, 326, 389, 352, 14, 19, 327, 1228, 403, 290, 352, 14, 19, 8200, 13, 1680, 484, 787, 262, 1624, 286, 327, 1228, 403, 30, 5334, 31144, 422, 616, 1735, 286, 262, 1641, 318, 2495, 7668, 351, 1605, 3942, 11, 7897, 11, 3594, 11, 46755, 12, 43293, 11, 2679, 11, 5582, 11, 290, 5457, 17526, 13, 3954, 1641, 318, 24139, 1605, 290, 3011, 517, 523, 790, 5270, 13, 628, 198, 1026, 338, 407, 546, 3234, 475, 2138, 26289, 13, 16949, 318, 407, 257, 3234, 475, 281, 26289, 13, 628, 198, 40, 4236, 351, 8559, 13, 327, 1228, 13271, 3588, 470, 257, 3234, 13, 5844, 4316, 3588, 470, 257, 3234, 2035, 13, 383, 691, 1738, 612, 561, 307, 523, 12, 7174, 366, 3642, 31257, 88, 1, 318, 780, 37307, 32599, 313, 318, 10416, 13, 8227, 11, 340, 338, 407, 655, 4141, 12, 4125, 3979, 0, 632, 3407, 661, 508, 2740, 13340, 5844, 2305, 290, 661, 508, 2740, 13340, 7897, 13, 5845, 661, 389, 5844, 4316, 13, 3914, 338, 635, 407, 6044, 262, 2679, 5844, 4316, 357, 27054, 87, 77, 323, 1082, 11, 370, 6120, 8002, 11, 3503, 2014, 290, 262, 21813, 5844, 4316, 357, 10508, 355, 262, 938, 1438, 376, 261, 2363, 64, 737, 1406, 11, 327, 1228, 403, 290, 13340, 5844, 2305, 3588, 470, 9558, 13, 1119, 821, 13817, 13, 383, 2159, 10422, 5136, 318, 3376, 290, 262, 1310, 3915, 3710, 6296, 3436, 351, 33700, 366, 25413, 738, 2649, 526, 1148, 257, 1048, 286, 2679, 18598, 257, 1180, 3234, 621, 257, 1048, 286, 4141, 18598, 30, 16263, 407, 13, 1119, 1549, 1111, 307, 37661, 739, 366, 11186, 526, 628, 198, 10262, 15977, 532, 4380, 16686, 284, 262, 366, 32117, 7484, 5844, 2305, 1, 393, 366, 34, 1228, 403, 1, 3968, 460, 307, 286, 1180, 9558, 13, 383, 366, 13534, 5844, 2305, 1, 393, 366, 34, 1228, 403, 1, 318, 7525, 257, 6467, 22566, 13, 628, 198, 10049, 767, 4, 286, 661, 287, 2520, 13340, 389, 327, 1228, 403, 13, 198, 1858, 468, 284, 307, 1223, 2642, 351, 326, 3975, 13, 628, 198, 21129, 508, 6834, 326, 16949, 14, 24220, 2879, 2125, 470, 635, 546, 3234, 318, 772, 517, 10416, 13, 1081, 262, 2846, 389, 973, 287, 262, 8830, 33169, 612, 318, 4143, 257, 369, 38983, 286, 852, 285, 395, 41282, 357, 76, 2966, 7897, 14, 30821, 2910, 8, 884, 355, 749, 661, 286, 10816, 290, 5366, 1605, 18598, 508, 389, 1690, 286, 1290, 517, 6868, 45630, 272, 29171, 621, 7897, 29171, 13, 383, 976, 318, 2081, 329, 883, 351, 15587, 287, 262, 18020, 810, 612, 318, 1903, 7897, 14, 30821, 17090, 290, 788, 1568, 17090, 351, 29058, 13, 4650, 661, 508, 423, 2904, 3888, 284, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 422, 8602, 389, 18416, 284, 5911, 355, 3042, 2879, 3446, 780, 286, 663, 7668, 3234, 369, 30078, 3688, 284, 11063, 431, 272, 7897, 508, 2074, 2405, 284, 307, 2330, 13, 4525, 340, 393, 407, 11, 327, 1228, 403, 393, 5844, 2305, 389, 11, 3805, 511, 898, 18203, 84, 871, 11, 1290, 517, 7187, 290, 1342, 15337, 2846, 284, 779, 287, 290, 286, 2405, 287, 2846, 286, 1719, 2176, 26368, 287, 13340, 3688, 284, 20496, 393, 16949, 543, 11644, 495, 510, 845, 1180, 25985, 290, 4263, 13, 13403, 319, 262, 9156, 379, 670, 351, 428, 21649, 3356, 11, 661, 286, 5899, 3427, 393, 5510, 18598, 287, 3936, 815, 307, 3017, 355, 465, 35843, 393, 3042, 2879, 1165, 780, 881, 286, 644, 318, 3177, 284, 307, 1957, 3968, 287, 3936, 318, 1912, 319, 1913, 10816, 16717, 13, 1471, 11, 1309, 338, 1234, 477, 262, 661, 286, 7740, 18598, 739, 257, 6536, 286, 3550, 5439, 12, 2382, 7490, 393, 11063, 431, 272, 1201, 484, 15866, 655, 355, 881, 27525, 12, 22030, 4588, 355, 484, 466, 16717, 422, 511, 18668, 6, 3488, 417, 1746, 13, 27433, 546, 355, 881, 2565, 355, 2111, 284, 3677, 262, 20496, 6167, 284, 257, 3126, 614, 1468, 24060, 268, 313, 422, 4564, 6252, 12359, 628, 198, 1639, 17753, 307, 26471, 0, 612, 389, 661, 326, 691, 2740, 4141, 994, 30, 1148, 6, 429, 340, 640, 484, 4499, 617, 3594, 30, 314, 5465, 284, 2128, 588, 257, 9811, 994, 11, 475, 269, 1101, 261, 582, 0, 7731, 2687, 1057, 257, 4469, 2198, 319, 777, 3730, 30, 628, 198, 40, 1101, 5844, 2305, 11, 475, 314, 836, 470, 760, 611, 314, 4236, 351, 2035, 13, 314, 561, 1842, 517, 6467, 2717, 4918, 11, 355, 880, 355, 9465, 355, 281, 9450, 1448, 475, 6447, 355, 20496, 393, 355, 257, 5844, 2305, 3234, 561, 407, 307, 7187, 13, 14303, 612, 318, 257, 835, 284, 989, 534, 26289, 357, 10508, 355, 8685, 393, 8200, 8, 314, 481, 2555, 284, 989, 616, 3234, 355, 2619, 290, 1729, 12, 43830, 13, 628, 198, 1026, 857, 1283, 15337, 326, 484, 423, 2683, 807, 1222, 860, 2427, 286, 19771, 606, 13, 16949, 11, 3503, 13, 714, 423, 587, 3017, 287, 1303, 24, 739, 663, 9087, 355, 373, 1760, 329, 1605, 12746, 11, 3819, 7740, 11, 3503, 13, 1119, 389, 2672, 284, 3280, 1111, 13, 314, 716, 327, 1228, 403, 290, 1975, 356, 815, 3280, 416, 10627, 734, 10559, 7, 292, 3142, 8, 4625, 1303, 24, 13, 775, 815, 307, 1262, 1303, 24, 338, 584, 11, 780, 262, 6770, 286, 26289, 857, 423, 284, 466, 351, 534, 8425, 11, 2260, 11, 1222, 6467, 4469, 13, 327, 1228, 13271, 1222, 5844, 4316, 460, 307, 257, 11710, 286, 1811, 9558, 1390, 7, 4360, 407, 3614, 284, 8, 24111, 11, 7897, 11, 3942, 11, 7116, 1547, 11, 3503, 13, 19996, 543, 1683, 1808, 318, 973, 484, 12082, 262, 1271, 286, 661, 326, 423, 5174, 2405, 355, 13340, 327, 1228, 403, 290, 5844, 2305, 13, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 198, 40, 716, 257, 406, 516, 7484, 5844, 2305, 13, 314, 760, 612, 389, 5844, 4316, 503, 612, 508, 3522, 284, 2405, 355, 5510, 1605, 290, 8504, 12, 43830, 13, 2102, 11, 262, 1109, 318, 1106, 732, 389, 7668, 351, 1811, 9558, 1390, 11096, 286, 262, 20496, 9558, 357, 259, 15874, 7370, 8, 884, 355, 4141, 11, 7897, 11, 8200, 13, 775, 40312, 307, 1498, 2074, 6731, 355, 33877, 355, 880, 13, 314, 716, 6792, 351, 10627, 366, 847, 1, 290, 14, 273, 3597, 287, 366, 43, 516, 7484, 4141, 5844, 2305, 1911, 314, 1254, 340, 561, 307, 635, 7187, 284, 2198, 366, 24220, 2879, 1, 1106, 292, 867, 33877, 389, 7668, 351, 584, 9558, 290, 1865, 389, 991, 3177, 366, 49022, 418, 1, 393, 366, 6653, 6839, 873, 1911, 628, 198, 40, 716, 257, 13340, 5844, 2305, 355, 318, 616, 1641, 764, 314, 7498, 13340, 5844, 2305, 287, 1303, 860, 290, 20496, 287, 1271, 1303, 807, 837, 314, 635, 7498, 584, 290, 1234, 257, 2198, 1306, 284, 2330, 837, 2042, 837, 12547, 1605, 837, 314, 716, 477, 286, 777, 9450, 871, 290, 6613, 284, 307, 257, 13340, 5844, 2305, 5145, 628, 198, 25991, 340, 338, 640, 345, 4499, 48718, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,971
ponder this so Eli's other ear is fine. in fact there was nothing there at all. could spit up somehow collect back there? it never did bother him, and there was nothing coming out of his ear, so I don't think it was any kind of discharge or infection. strange. I'll still wash back there ... but not everyday. different subject - I found this in a parenting magazine: 7,000 - the number of children under the age of 11 hospitalized each year after having a reaction to an over-the-counter or prescription cough or cold medicine. now it does also say the 2/3 took drugs without supervision - duh parents!! - but still, isn't that crazy?! don't be so quick to give your kids medication of any kind. 1 comment: Morgan said... Hi Katie! I give Silas a bath about as often as you, but I wipe him down with a warm, damp cloth every night. I wipe down his face (including the back of his ears :), face, hands, and diaper areas, especially. I definitely think it could have been spit up back there! I know Silas has had the exact same thing...and, it stunk!
[ 79, 8623, 428, 198, 198, 568, 25204, 338, 584, 1027, 318, 3734, 13, 287, 1109, 612, 373, 2147, 612, 379, 477, 13, 714, 27591, 510, 7599, 2824, 736, 612, 30, 340, 1239, 750, 11393, 683, 11, 290, 612, 373, 2147, 2406, 503, 286, 465, 1027, 11, 523, 314, 836, 470, 892, 340, 373, 597, 1611, 286, 17655, 393, 10280, 13, 6283, 13, 198, 198, 40, 1183, 991, 13502, 736, 612, 2644, 475, 407, 10908, 13, 198, 198, 39799, 2426, 532, 198, 40, 1043, 428, 287, 257, 26174, 7093, 25, 767, 11, 830, 532, 262, 1271, 286, 1751, 739, 262, 2479, 286, 1367, 31736, 1123, 614, 706, 1719, 257, 6317, 284, 281, 625, 12, 1169, 12, 24588, 393, 15077, 22094, 393, 4692, 9007, 13, 198, 2197, 340, 857, 635, 910, 262, 362, 14, 18, 1718, 5010, 1231, 20865, 532, 7043, 71, 3397, 3228, 532, 475, 991, 11, 2125, 470, 326, 7165, 12248, 836, 470, 307, 523, 2068, 284, 1577, 534, 3988, 14103, 286, 597, 1611, 13, 198, 198, 16, 2912, 25, 198, 198, 47184, 531, 986, 198, 198, 17250, 24721, 0, 314, 1577, 4243, 292, 257, 7837, 546, 355, 1690, 355, 345, 11, 475, 314, 19916, 683, 866, 351, 257, 5814, 11, 21151, 16270, 790, 1755, 13, 314, 19916, 866, 465, 1986, 357, 8201, 262, 736, 286, 465, 11368, 1058, 828, 1986, 11, 2832, 11, 290, 48196, 3006, 11, 2592, 13, 314, 4753, 892, 340, 714, 423, 587, 27591, 510, 736, 612, 0, 314, 760, 4243, 292, 468, 550, 262, 2748, 976, 1517, 986, 392, 11, 340, 336, 2954, 0, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
260
The Best of IRC, Version Two Volume #2.7 It worked for Bender! Though he was a robot... <Traceh> people are pathetic. <EB_Girl> Yes people are pathetic. Be a penguin! <Traceh> lol We call that a Freudian slip <CherryBomb> "I LOVE hearing 'You've got male!'" <BuddyLee> ... <CherryBomb> err <bulma_saturn> (wishful thinking?) Like you'll get a straight answer here <dokutake> how does one get a newspro pass? <a_passerby> you beep your nose 3 times and pray to the magical windex bottle <DrBoris> lol <dokutake> &Y*%(# You put him through all that misery... <Jamie_M> -Frank- can you unbanish teh frnak? i was flooding by accident and i was talking this   whole time and no one talked back and i'm like wtf and then i cried now i'm better <Jamie_M> LOL *** Jamie_M sets mode: -b [email protected] <Frank> :( I think we just call them a "noodle" <Traceh> btw, I'm eating spegetti. <Traceh> or whatever the spelling for that is. <BuddyLee> spaghetti :) <Anthadd> I believe the singular is spaghetto. Not sure, though. <Traceh> as in a singular noodle, Anth? <Traceh> like, I'm eating a spaghetto since I'm on a diet? <AmzRigh> lol Oh yeah, they took it that far... <Frank> hey EBFan, we all know who your valentine is gonna <BuddyLee> <Falcon24> SLing? No pants? Deal me in! <Falcon24> ^UW#$^ <Falcon24> SHUT UP!!!! The mental image of a potential anti-terrorism commercial? <Jamie_M> the one where his mom comes home <Jamie_M> and hugs him in the living room <Jamie_M> and then the family comes in <Jamie_M> and they're like WE HIJACKED FLIGHT 900$^#!^ <MrAccident> ping me <MiniLee> no <MrAccident> >:| Hope the cardboard didn't chafe your lips <ctoner> how did your date go <Falcon24> it was awesome <Umi> I bet she's a 2-d cut out lol    One liners & Shorts <Gerbil> It means that Martha Stewart will consume your soul tomorrow at noon. <diospadre> are you going to complain about not getting a dvd player in your next toaster? <Jonkster> i'm a dirty blond * BuddyLee burped and blew his nauseating breath at Plo! Plo became somewhat nauseous... <Jonkster> guru, we dont have to be nauseous from your breath, your face will do just fine <Poo> SLing, they figure that if they dated you, they could at least use you as a floatation <MiniLee> dude theres this girl in half my classes who keeps flirting with me but she has a   boyfriend and frankly he scares me <Poo> How does she flirt? "Hey, you're blocking the chalkboard!"? <Skulryk> Let's play "Where's SLing" (like Where's Waldo but for the not-so-smart kids) <MikeTheEBGuru> 'cause Stone Cold Arn Anderson said so <a_passerby> "Drunken fireman calls in 15 false alarms, responds to 12 of them" <Jim> ew guru. smilies were not meant to be used by you. it's creepy. like an old guy riding   one of those 25 cent department store mechanical ponies <dragondyne> this bag of water just pooped on me <dragondyne> WTF POPPED <AkumaGM> Just remember folks, that if you eat your sleep, feed your vegetables, drink your   dog, stay in milk, brush your school, say no to teeth, and get at least eight hours of drugs,   everything will be okay. <Aquas> yeah so I was in funcoland and I saw a fly and then I think to myself "A no good fly,   this can't b good" so I swatted it! and I hummed my fanfare and shouted, "Yes! 12 experience <Ultros> I was disqualified from the Biathlon for using a machine gun. <EBFan2000> life wouldn't be worth living without the simpsons
[ 464, 6705, 286, 30039, 11, 10628, 4930, 198, 198, 31715, 1303, 17, 13, 22, 198, 198, 1026, 3111, 329, 34535, 0, 7486, 339, 373, 257, 9379, 986, 198, 198, 27, 2898, 558, 71, 29, 661, 389, 29215, 13, 198, 27, 30195, 62, 24151, 29, 3363, 661, 389, 29215, 13, 1355, 257, 38373, 259, 0, 198, 27, 2898, 558, 71, 29, 19462, 198, 198, 1135, 869, 326, 257, 33430, 666, 13819, 198, 198, 27, 34, 13372, 48478, 29, 366, 40, 27889, 4854, 705, 1639, 1053, 1392, 4257, 49296, 198, 27, 33, 21584, 24338, 29, 2644, 198, 27, 34, 13372, 48478, 29, 11454, 198, 27, 15065, 2611, 62, 49720, 700, 29, 357, 86, 680, 913, 3612, 10091, 198, 198, 7594, 345, 1183, 651, 257, 3892, 3280, 994, 198, 198, 27, 67, 482, 315, 539, 29, 703, 857, 530, 651, 257, 1705, 1676, 1208, 30, 198, 27, 64, 62, 6603, 263, 1525, 29, 345, 307, 538, 534, 9686, 513, 1661, 290, 12472, 284, 262, 10883, 2344, 1069, 9294, 198, 27, 6187, 33, 37279, 29, 19462, 198, 27, 67, 482, 315, 539, 29, 1222, 56, 9, 4, 7, 2, 198, 198, 1639, 1234, 683, 832, 477, 326, 24672, 986, 198, 198, 27, 48337, 62, 44, 29, 532, 17439, 12, 460, 345, 555, 3820, 680, 573, 71, 1216, 77, 461, 30, 1312, 373, 17448, 416, 5778, 290, 1312, 373, 3375, 428, 44320, 1849, 1929, 2305, 640, 290, 645, 530, 6619, 736, 290, 1312, 1101, 588, 266, 27110, 290, 788, 1312, 16896, 783, 1312, 1101, 1365, 198, 27, 48337, 62, 44, 29, 35513, 198, 8162, 17826, 62, 44, 5621, 4235, 25, 532, 65, 685, 12888, 1849, 24326, 60, 198, 27, 17439, 29, 36147, 198, 198, 40, 892, 356, 655, 869, 606, 257, 366, 77, 27106, 1, 198, 198, 27, 2898, 558, 71, 29, 275, 4246, 11, 314, 1101, 6600, 693, 1136, 20259, 13, 198, 27, 2898, 558, 71, 29, 393, 4232, 262, 24993, 329, 326, 318, 13, 198, 27, 33, 21584, 24338, 29, 48241, 14373, 198, 27, 30327, 2860, 29, 314, 1975, 262, 18032, 318, 599, 363, 35619, 13, 1892, 1654, 11, 996, 13, 198, 27, 2898, 558, 71, 29, 355, 287, 257, 18032, 25099, 293, 11, 8451, 30, 198, 27, 2898, 558, 71, 29, 588, 11, 314, 1101, 6600, 257, 599, 363, 35619, 1201, 314, 1101, 319, 257, 5496, 30, 198, 27, 5840, 89, 49, 394, 29, 19462, 198, 198, 5812, 10194, 11, 484, 1718, 340, 326, 1290, 986, 198, 198, 27, 17439, 29, 17207, 43374, 22480, 11, 356, 477, 760, 508, 534, 1188, 298, 500, 318, 8066, 628, 198, 27, 33, 21584, 24338, 29, 1279, 41129, 1102, 1731, 29, 12419, 278, 30, 1400, 12581, 30, 15138, 502, 287, 0, 198, 27, 41129, 1102, 1731, 29, 10563, 52, 54, 29953, 61, 198, 27, 41129, 1102, 1731, 29, 6006, 3843, 15958, 13896, 198, 198, 464, 5110, 2939, 286, 257, 2785, 3098, 12, 19541, 5068, 30, 198, 198, 27, 48337, 62, 44, 29, 262, 530, 810, 465, 1995, 2058, 1363, 198, 27, 48337, 62, 44, 29, 290, 40657, 683, 287, 262, 2877, 2119, 198, 27, 48337, 62, 44, 29, 290, 788, 262, 1641, 2058, 287, 198, 27, 48337, 62, 44, 29, 290, 484, 821, 588, 12887, 367, 23852, 8120, 1961, 9977, 9947, 15897, 3, 61, 2, 0, 61, 628, 198, 27, 5246, 17320, 738, 29, 29400, 502, 198, 27, 39234, 24338, 29, 645, 198, 27, 5246, 17320, 738, 29, 1875, 25, 91, 198, 198, 34456, 262, 26819, 1422, 470, 442, 8635, 534, 11914, 198, 198, 27, 310, 14491, 29, 703, 750, 534, 3128, 467, 198, 27, 41129, 1102, 1731, 29, 340, 373, 7427, 198, 27, 52, 11632, 29, 314, 731, 673, 338, 257, 362, 12, 67, 2005, 503, 19462, 628, 4603, 1849, 3198, 9493, 364, 1222, 911, 2096, 198, 198, 27, 38, 23552, 346, 29, 632, 1724, 326, 27243, 13671, 481, 15000, 534, 5848, 9439, 379, 19613, 13, 628, 198, 27, 10989, 2117, 324, 260, 29, 389, 345, 1016, 284, 13121, 546, 407, 1972, 257, 288, 20306, 2137, 287, 534, 1306, 284, 1603, 30, 198, 198, 27, 18219, 74, 1706, 29, 1312, 1101, 257, 11841, 32749, 198, 198, 9, 36896, 24338, 4356, 9124, 290, 17948, 465, 24480, 803, 8033, 379, 1345, 78, 0, 1345, 78, 2627, 6454, 24480, 516, 986, 198, 27, 18219, 74, 1706, 29, 35730, 11, 356, 17666, 423, 284, 307, 24480, 516, 422, 534, 8033, 11, 534, 1986, 481, 466, 655, 3734, 198, 198, 27, 47, 2238, 29, 12419, 278, 11, 484, 3785, 326, 611, 484, 14567, 345, 11, 484, 714, 379, 1551, 779, 345, 355, 257, 12178, 341, 198, 198, 27, 39234, 24338, 29, 18396, 262, 411, 428, 2576, 287, 2063, 616, 6097, 508, 7622, 781, 35355, 351, 502, 475, 673, 468, 257, 44320, 1849, 7081, 6726, 290, 17813, 339, 44462, 502, 198, 27, 47, 2238, 29, 1374, 857, 673, 44109, 30, 366, 10814, 11, 345, 821, 12013, 262, 30860, 3526, 2474, 30, 198, 198, 27, 15739, 377, 563, 74, 29, 3914, 338, 711, 366, 8496, 338, 12419, 278, 1, 357, 2339, 6350, 338, 24261, 78, 475, 329, 262, 407, 12, 568, 12, 27004, 3988, 8, 198, 198, 27, 16073, 464, 30195, 38, 14717, 29, 705, 25587, 8026, 10250, 16644, 9918, 531, 523, 198, 198, 27, 64, 62, 6603, 263, 1525, 29, 366, 6187, 2954, 268, 2046, 805, 3848, 287, 1315, 3991, 36302, 11, 20067, 284, 1105, 286, 606, 1, 198, 198, 27, 18050, 29, 304, 86, 35730, 13, 895, 3922, 547, 407, 4001, 284, 307, 973, 416, 345, 13, 340, 338, 23387, 13, 588, 281, 1468, 3516, 10311, 44320, 1849, 505, 286, 883, 1679, 1247, 5011, 3650, 12370, 46370, 198, 198, 27, 7109, 363, 623, 39547, 29, 428, 6131, 286, 1660, 655, 745, 19458, 319, 502, 198, 27, 7109, 363, 623, 39547, 29, 370, 10234, 37586, 47, 1961, 198, 198, 27, 33901, 7487, 15548, 29, 2329, 3505, 7974, 11, 326, 611, 345, 4483, 534, 3993, 11, 3745, 534, 13701, 11, 4144, 534, 44320, 1849, 9703, 11, 2652, 287, 7545, 11, 14093, 534, 1524, 11, 910, 645, 284, 9941, 11, 290, 651, 379, 1551, 3624, 2250, 286, 5010, 11, 44320, 1849, 37814, 481, 307, 8788, 13, 198, 198, 27, 32, 421, 292, 29, 10194, 523, 314, 373, 287, 1257, 4033, 392, 290, 314, 2497, 257, 6129, 290, 788, 314, 892, 284, 3589, 366, 32, 645, 922, 6129, 11, 44320, 1849, 5661, 460, 470, 275, 922, 1, 523, 314, 1509, 16898, 340, 0, 290, 314, 1311, 1150, 616, 4336, 9496, 290, 17293, 11, 366, 5297, 0, 1105, 1998, 198, 198, 27, 16301, 4951, 29, 314, 373, 40650, 422, 262, 8436, 50236, 329, 1262, 257, 4572, 2485, 13, 198, 198, 27, 30195, 22480, 11024, 29, 1204, 3636, 470, 307, 2861, 2877, 1231, 262, 985, 31410, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,111
What Does a Loud Computer Fan Mean? So you’re minding your own business, playing a game, browsing the web, or working online, when all of the sudden you hear that telltale noise. Your fan is whirring like mad. Your computer isn’t happy and you’re not sure what the problem is. Sure, you can keep working like this, but the sound is distracting and your computer might even be slowing down. What’s happening? What should you do about it?  A loud computer fan might sound scary, but it’s almost always a minor (and fixable) problem. We’re here to talk about it.  Keep reading to learn all about that loud computer fan noise.  First: What Do The Fans Do? Like all fans, computer fans do their best to keep your computer cool. The energy that your computer needs to do everything that you need it to do can generate a lot of heat. The computer fan helps to keep the heat down.  The fan circulates air around or away from the components within the computer.  Without fans that work properly, the computer would overheat. This can cause serious damage to your computer. Most of the time, if a fan isn’t working for a long enough period of time, a computer will turn itself off to prevent damage.  So you might be wondering “why is my computer fan so loud if it’s clearly working?” While your fan’s noise does indicate that it’s working, it doesn’t mean that there’s nothing wrong. So what should you do next?  How to Fix a Loud Computer Fan: Causes and Solutions The solution to your problem is going to vary depending on what’s causing it. If your computer fan is loud but not hot, you likely have a different problem than if your computer is hot to the touch.  Here are a few common problems and solutions for when your computer is running loud.  Outside Contaminates Your computer might be in perfect condition, but outside contaminates are getting all caught up inside. This is going to diminish your fan’s ability to cool down the computer.  Believe it or not, you should be cleaning your computer every now and again if you want to keep it running smoothly. For a desktop computer, it’s best to open up the case and clean the computer by hand. You can use a bit of compressed air and carefully wipe away any visible dust or debris that could be getting in the way of your fan.  Laptops are tricker. Most people aren’t confident enough to open up their laptops and work on them from within. In this case, stick to compressed air and visit a professional if that doesn’t work.  Once your computer is clean, it should be quieter.  Poor Airflow So there’s no dust in your computer but it’s still making noise. What gives?  Think about where your computer’s fans are located and compare that location to where you have your computer set up. Does the fan have good airflow, or is something blocking it? If your desktop computer is tucked away in a corner somewhere, it’s possible that there isn’t enough air getting to the fan. Even moving it a few inches away from the wall can make a big difference. If you have a laptop, this is actually a common problem. Many people sit with their laptops on their laps or on airflow-blocking pads or tables. If your laptop is warm and fans don’t have open access to good airflow, move your laptop somewhere else. Consider putting the edge of your laptop over open air for a few moments. You can also purchase a laptop cooling pad if that’s more convenient for you. It can be difficult to work on a laptop and keep it cool at the same time.  Too Much Running Software It’s possible that your laptop is overwhelmed and that’s what’s causing it to heat up (and thus causing your fans to go into overdrive). It’s always a good idea to check on what your computer is running.  Some programs are too heavy for computers to run all of the time (especially laptops). Certain games, music apps, and even some chat clients can cause computers to overheat. Open up your task manager and use some trial and error to determine if one of your programs is the problem.  If you know that nothing that you’re intentionally running could be causing problems, do a quick malware scan. It’s important to do routine malware scans anyway if you want to keep your computer secure.  You Need a New Fan If nothing else is working, it’s possible that you need a new fan altogether.  You have a few options here. If you have a laptop, it might be time to buy a new one. It’s not easy to replace laptop fans, and if your laptop fan is giving out, it’s likely that the rest of your computer is old enough that you can justify getting a replacement. You could, of course, send it in for repairs to see if something can be done about it.  PCs are easier because most parts are replaceable. If you’re not comfortable replacing it on your own, send it in so a professional can take a look! Do You Have a Loud Computer Fan? If you have a loud computer fan, use this checklist and see if you can find the culprit. There are plenty of potential causes, and they’re all fixable with the right tools and resources.  If you can’t fix the problem on your own, we want to help you! At Computer Revival, we can diagnose and solve your computer problems in no time. Contact us so we can start helping today.
[ 2061, 8314, 257, 41520, 13851, 13836, 22728, 30, 198, 198, 2396, 345, 447, 247, 260, 2000, 278, 534, 898, 1597, 11, 2712, 257, 983, 11, 23182, 262, 3992, 11, 393, 1762, 2691, 11, 618, 477, 286, 262, 4802, 345, 3285, 326, 1560, 29429, 7838, 13, 3406, 4336, 318, 348, 343, 1806, 588, 8805, 13, 3406, 3644, 2125, 447, 247, 83, 3772, 290, 345, 447, 247, 260, 407, 1654, 644, 262, 1917, 318, 13, 198, 198, 19457, 11, 345, 460, 1394, 1762, 588, 428, 11, 475, 262, 2128, 318, 36441, 290, 534, 3644, 1244, 772, 307, 21605, 866, 13, 1867, 447, 247, 82, 5836, 30, 1867, 815, 345, 466, 546, 340, 30, 1849, 198, 198, 32, 7812, 3644, 4336, 1244, 2128, 14343, 11, 475, 340, 447, 247, 82, 2048, 1464, 257, 4159, 357, 392, 4259, 540, 8, 1917, 13, 775, 447, 247, 260, 994, 284, 1561, 546, 340, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 15597, 3555, 284, 2193, 477, 546, 326, 7812, 3644, 4336, 7838, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 5962, 25, 1867, 2141, 383, 24964, 2141, 30, 198, 198, 7594, 477, 3296, 11, 3644, 3296, 466, 511, 1266, 284, 1394, 534, 3644, 3608, 13, 383, 2568, 326, 534, 3644, 2476, 284, 466, 2279, 326, 345, 761, 340, 284, 466, 460, 7716, 257, 1256, 286, 4894, 13, 383, 3644, 4336, 5419, 284, 1394, 262, 4894, 866, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 464, 4336, 2498, 15968, 1633, 1088, 393, 1497, 422, 262, 6805, 1626, 262, 3644, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 16249, 3296, 326, 670, 6105, 11, 262, 3644, 561, 625, 25080, 13, 770, 460, 2728, 2726, 2465, 284, 534, 3644, 13, 4042, 286, 262, 640, 11, 611, 257, 4336, 2125, 447, 247, 83, 1762, 329, 257, 890, 1576, 2278, 286, 640, 11, 257, 3644, 481, 1210, 2346, 572, 284, 2948, 2465, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 2396, 345, 1244, 307, 11263, 564, 250, 22850, 318, 616, 3644, 4336, 523, 7812, 611, 340, 447, 247, 82, 4084, 1762, 30, 447, 251, 198, 198, 3633, 534, 4336, 447, 247, 82, 7838, 857, 7603, 326, 340, 447, 247, 82, 1762, 11, 340, 1595, 447, 247, 83, 1612, 326, 612, 447, 247, 82, 2147, 2642, 13, 1406, 644, 815, 345, 466, 1306, 30, 1849, 198, 198, 2437, 284, 13268, 257, 41520, 13851, 13836, 25, 46865, 290, 23555, 198, 198, 464, 4610, 284, 534, 1917, 318, 1016, 284, 7565, 6906, 319, 644, 447, 247, 82, 6666, 340, 13, 1002, 534, 3644, 4336, 318, 7812, 475, 407, 3024, 11, 345, 1884, 423, 257, 1180, 1917, 621, 611, 534, 3644, 318, 3024, 284, 262, 3638, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 4342, 389, 257, 1178, 2219, 2761, 290, 8136, 329, 618, 534, 3644, 318, 2491, 7812, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 30815, 2345, 5669, 689, 198, 198, 7120, 3644, 1244, 307, 287, 2818, 4006, 11, 475, 2354, 33554, 689, 389, 1972, 477, 4978, 510, 2641, 13, 770, 318, 1016, 284, 29889, 534, 4336, 447, 247, 82, 2694, 284, 3608, 866, 262, 3644, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 12193, 12311, 340, 393, 407, 11, 345, 815, 307, 12724, 534, 3644, 790, 783, 290, 757, 611, 345, 765, 284, 1394, 340, 2491, 21461, 13, 198, 198, 1890, 257, 11364, 3644, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 1266, 284, 1280, 510, 262, 1339, 290, 3424, 262, 3644, 416, 1021, 13, 921, 460, 779, 257, 1643, 286, 25388, 1633, 290, 7773, 19916, 1497, 597, 7424, 8977, 393, 16468, 326, 714, 307, 1972, 287, 262, 835, 286, 534, 4336, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 43, 2373, 2840, 389, 6908, 263, 13, 4042, 661, 3588, 447, 247, 83, 6563, 1576, 284, 1280, 510, 511, 26635, 290, 670, 319, 606, 422, 1626, 13, 554, 428, 1339, 11, 4859, 284, 25388, 1633, 290, 3187, 257, 4708, 611, 326, 1595, 447, 247, 83, 670, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 7454, 534, 3644, 318, 3424, 11, 340, 815, 307, 43880, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 43920, 3701, 11125, 198, 198, 2396, 612, 447, 247, 82, 645, 8977, 287, 534, 3644, 475, 340, 447, 247, 82, 991, 1642, 7838, 13, 1867, 3607, 30, 1849, 198, 198, 22073, 546, 810, 534, 3644, 447, 247, 82, 3296, 389, 5140, 290, 8996, 326, 4067, 284, 810, 345, 423, 534, 3644, 900, 510, 13, 8314, 262, 4336, 423, 922, 45771, 11, 393, 318, 1223, 12013, 340, 30, 198, 198, 1532, 534, 11364, 3644, 318, 29779, 1497, 287, 257, 5228, 7382, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 1744, 326, 612, 2125, 447, 247, 83, 1576, 1633, 1972, 284, 262, 4336, 13, 3412, 3867, 340, 257, 1178, 8331, 1497, 422, 262, 3355, 460, 787, 257, 1263, 3580, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 423, 257, 13224, 11, 428, 318, 1682, 257, 2219, 1917, 13, 4650, 661, 1650, 351, 511, 26635, 319, 511, 24590, 393, 319, 45771, 12, 41938, 21226, 393, 8893, 13, 1002, 534, 13224, 318, 5814, 290, 3296, 836, 447, 247, 83, 423, 1280, 1895, 284, 922, 45771, 11, 1445, 534, 13224, 7382, 2073, 13, 12642, 5137, 262, 5743, 286, 534, 13224, 625, 1280, 1633, 329, 257, 1178, 7188, 13, 198, 198, 1639, 460, 635, 5001, 257, 13224, 15134, 14841, 611, 326, 447, 247, 82, 517, 11282, 329, 345, 13, 632, 460, 307, 2408, 284, 670, 319, 257, 13224, 290, 1394, 340, 3608, 379, 262, 976, 640, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 23307, 13111, 18162, 10442, 198, 198, 1026, 447, 247, 82, 1744, 326, 534, 13224, 318, 20974, 290, 326, 447, 247, 82, 644, 447, 247, 82, 6666, 340, 284, 4894, 510, 357, 392, 4145, 6666, 534, 3296, 284, 467, 656, 625, 19472, 737, 632, 447, 247, 82, 1464, 257, 922, 2126, 284, 2198, 319, 644, 534, 3644, 318, 2491, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 4366, 4056, 389, 1165, 4334, 329, 9061, 284, 1057, 477, 286, 262, 640, 357, 16480, 26635, 737, 16272, 1830, 11, 2647, 6725, 11, 290, 772, 617, 8537, 7534, 460, 2728, 9061, 284, 625, 25080, 13, 4946, 510, 534, 4876, 4706, 290, 779, 617, 4473, 290, 4049, 284, 5004, 611, 530, 286, 534, 4056, 318, 262, 1917, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 760, 326, 2147, 326, 345, 447, 247, 260, 16464, 2491, 714, 307, 6666, 2761, 11, 466, 257, 2068, 18953, 9367, 13, 632, 447, 247, 82, 1593, 284, 466, 8027, 18953, 23824, 6949, 611, 345, 765, 284, 1394, 534, 3644, 5713, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 1639, 10664, 257, 968, 13836, 198, 198, 1532, 2147, 2073, 318, 1762, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 1744, 326, 345, 761, 257, 649, 4336, 13318, 13, 1849, 921, 423, 257, 1178, 3689, 994, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 423, 257, 13224, 11, 340, 1244, 307, 640, 284, 2822, 257, 649, 530, 13, 632, 447, 247, 82, 407, 2562, 284, 6330, 13224, 3296, 11, 290, 611, 534, 13224, 4336, 318, 3501, 503, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 1884, 326, 262, 1334, 286, 534, 3644, 318, 1468, 1576, 326, 345, 460, 12051, 1972, 257, 9014, 13, 198, 198, 1639, 714, 11, 286, 1781, 11, 3758, 340, 287, 329, 20097, 284, 766, 611, 1223, 460, 307, 1760, 546, 340, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 5662, 82, 389, 4577, 780, 749, 3354, 389, 6330, 540, 13, 1002, 345, 447, 247, 260, 407, 6792, 13586, 340, 319, 534, 898, 11, 3758, 340, 287, 523, 257, 4708, 460, 1011, 257, 804, 0, 198, 198, 5211, 921, 8192, 257, 41520, 13851, 13836, 30, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 423, 257, 7812, 3644, 4336, 11, 779, 428, 41859, 290, 766, 611, 345, 460, 1064, 262, 26581, 13, 1318, 389, 6088, 286, 2785, 5640, 11, 290, 484, 447, 247, 260, 477, 4259, 540, 351, 262, 826, 4899, 290, 4133, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 460, 447, 247, 83, 4259, 262, 1917, 319, 534, 898, 11, 356, 765, 284, 1037, 345, 0, 1629, 13851, 48095, 11, 356, 460, 37489, 290, 8494, 534, 3644, 2761, 287, 645, 640, 13, 14039, 514, 523, 356, 460, 923, 5742, 1909, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,286
Falun Dafa Minghui.org www.minghui.org PRINT Mysterious Prehistoric Artifacts (Photos) February 08, 2007 |   (Clearwisdom.net) Modern scientists and archaeologists have found many inexplicable ancient artifacts. They appear to be the remnants of advanced civilizations and have been found throughout the world. These surviving traces of ancient cultures have been found above and underground, in mountain caves, and even on the bottoms of the oceans. These archaeological findings most likely tell us that before the emergence of human civilization, there existed other intelligent beings who built highly developed civilizations that were destroyed for inexplicable reasons. According to textbooks, human beings have a history of no more than ten thousand years. How do we explain the ancient relics and metal products that can be dated back to many more than ten thousand years? ST Santiago stone Soldiers riding on a large dinosaur (Photo: Courtesy Don Patton) ST Santiago Stone ICA Stones (Photo: Courtesy Dr. Don Patton) In the Nazca Plain in the northern part of Peru, there is a stone museum in a small village called Ica (ICA). The museum displays 10,000 pieces of stones engraved with mysterious patterns. They are called ICA stones. The patterns on the stones have been divided into different categories, such as the space galaxies, ancient animals, prehistoric continents, and ancient catastrophes. These classifications are totally out of touch with modern science. It is as if these discoveries challenge our historical texts. Near the cave where the carved stones were found, there were also fossils millions of years old. The carvings are incredible. They depict men and dinosaurs coexisting, and it has been suggested that the ratio of men and dinosaurs was about the same as human beings and livestock. In other words, dinosaurs appear to have been kept as livestock or were tamed by human beings. In addition, pictures on the stones depict organ transplants, blood transfusions, telescopes, medical equipment, men chasing dinosaurs, and much more. These scenes are hard to explain with modern science. From the stone patterns and carvings, we can tell that there was a prehistoric human civilization that had reached a very advanced technology. Antikythera Device from Greece On October 17, 2005, during the 2nd International Conference on Ancient Technology, this display showed "Antigone Jisela computer" imitations. (Photo by LOUISA GOULIAMAKI/AFP/Getty Images) A century ago, a computer called the Antikythera Mechanism was discovered in a sunken shipwreck along the Greek coast. Its bronze high gear and turnable disc are so complex that it cannot be replicated even today, and no one can figure out how it functions. Recently, scientists from the United Kingdom, Greece, and the United States used high-definition x-ray tomography to look at one of its models. Scientists made a further analysis: the Antikythera Mechanism can add, subtract, multiply, compute, and explain astrophysics, with regard to the moon and positions of planets. It has a calibration disc and may be able to predict solar or lunar eclipses. Today we understand that the Antikythera Mechanism was used in the second century B.C. Allegedly, this was the very first calculator in history. South African Metal Balls Hundreds of metal balls with grooves were found at on a hillside near a lake in South Africa. They have a history of 2.8 billion years. (Photo: Rolfe Marx) More than ten years ago, miners in South Africa dug up some metal balls in the vicinity where Transvaal Ottosdal pyrophyllite ore is found. These metal balls are about one inch in diameter; some of them are engraved with three circular grooves in the middle of the balls. It appears that these balls are from the Precambrian geological age, which was 2.8 billion years ago. The grooves on these metal balls are almost intact, even after billions of years. Some believe that they are relics from a prehistoric civilization. We ask ourselves, "Who made these metal balls, and for what purposes were they made?" They have yet to be studied by experts and scholars. Ancient Model Airplanes Models of aircraft from murals in the Egyptian ruins of the Temple of Abydos (Photo from internet) In 1879, British archaeologists found murals in the Abydos Temple, located near Egypt's Cordovez, a barren desert. The murals depict a few objects that look like today's aircraft and a series of similar flying objects, including a helicopter, a submarine or a spacecraft, and even a "UFO." These carvings have a history of three thousand years. Mankind's first aircraft was manufactured in 1903, but strangely enough, on the ancient Egyptian murals, models of aircraft appeared as early as three thousand years ago. In 1898, someone found a very similar model of an aircraft in a four-thousand-year-old Egyptian tomb. It was made of wood from small fig trees that grew in the area at that time. That model is stored in the Museum of Antiquities in Cairo. In 1969, anthropologist Dr. Carryl Mishaboshi found ancient artifacts in the museum's warehouse. They were models of "birds." Each bird is half-man and half-bird with bird feet. These models have their wings spread out, a supine body, a vertical tail, and the marking of a falling, horizontal tail. They look very much like the single-wing aircraft of today. A golden airplane model found in South America looks similar to modern B52 bombers (Photo from internet) Even more incredible is that airplane models, looking very similar to the Egyptian airplanes, were found in South America. In one South American country, a golden ancient airplane model that looks very similar to a B52 bomber was unearthed. According to the scientists, this model not only has a sophisticated design but can also fly. Baghdad, Iraq, Battery Baghdad, Iraq, third century BC batteries. (Photo from internet) In June 1936, a group of construction workers accidentally found an ancient grave outside the Iraqi capital of Baghdad. After more than two months of excavation, archaeologists discovered many artifacts from the Persian Dynasty, from 248 BC to 226 BC. After looking at one item closely, German archaeologist William Carvedilol, executive director of the then Iraqi Museum, made a surprising announcement. He said that a peculiar ancient, earthenware vase about five inches tall was an ancient chemical battery. If one added an acid or alkali solution, it could be used. Carvedilol's conclusion shocked the archaeologists, and it means that as early as the third century BC the Persians living in the region already had batteries. It is two thousand years earlier than the first battery invented by the physicist Alessandro Volta in 1800. US Coso Artifacts Coso man-made materials (Photo from internet) In February 1961, the residents of Coso Mountain, Olancha, California, discovered an extremely hard piece of quartz at an altitude of more than 400 feet, 40 feet higher than the Owens' riverbed. The cut surfaces of the quartz remind one of the remnants of certain mechanical devices. Their structures display the extreme complexity of man-made materials. What is more remarkable is that the quartz can be traced back 500,000 years. The Coso quartz has been dubbbed the "Coso Artifact" and the mysterious substance is known as the spark plug of an internal combustion engine. Giant Stone Ball from Costa Rica Giant stone ball from Costa Rica Around the year 1930, the American George Jitan found about 200 artificial stone balls in the tropical jungle, valleys, and the slopes of the delta of Costa Rica. These stone balls vary in size. They have a diameter of two to 12 feet. They are the products of superb technology and artistry These mysterious stone balls attracted a great deal of interest. Scientists discovered, after measuring the balls, that they are made of solid granite. The curvature on the surface is almost exactly the same from many different points. The error of the diameter is so minute that it is practically a perfectly "round" ball. Archaeologists have said that the makers of these balls must have possessed considerable knowledge and superb carving skills. In addition, they must have had very sturdy tools and precision measuring devices, otherwise these products could not have been manufactured. Who made these giant stone balls, and with what kind of tools, and for what purpose were they made? These questions remain unanswered. Some people call these giant stone balls, "The giant's marbles." Fossils with Impossible Footprint William J. Miester, an amateur fossil expert, found a shoe print on a trilobite, dating back to between 200 million and six million years ago. The picture was taken in Utah in 1968. (Photo: Henry Johnson) Trilobites can be seen on the upper left corner (Photo: Creation Evidence Museum) In 1938, Dr. Bailey, the head of a geological institute in Kentucky, found 10 identical human footprints in the carboniferous sandstones. Microscopic photos and infrared photographs show that these footprints were caused by the pressure from human feet rather than artificial carving. It is estimated that the rocks with these footprints are about 250 million years old. Before 1938, two human footprints were discovered on a rock in St. Louis on the Mississippi River's west bank. According to geologists, that rock is about 270 million years old. Trilobites are small, marine invertebrates that existed on the earth from 600 million years ago to 280 million years ago, when they became extinct. Amateur fossil expert William J. Meister discovered a few fossils from the Precambrian age at Antelope Springs, Utah, in June, 1968. One of the fossils has shoe prints of an adult and a child. The renowned chemist Melvin A. Cook from Utah University has dated it and said that they are indeed human footprints. In July, 1968, a well-known geologist, Dr. Bodike, personally went to Antelope Springs and discovered the footprint of a child. In August, 1968, a public school special-education worker from Salt Lake City found two human shoe prints on the same piece of rock containing trilobites fossil. All of these discoveries and their dating by scholars have eliminated any doubts about their existence. They present a serious challenge to traditional geology.
[ 41129, 403, 360, 28485, 26980, 71, 9019, 13, 2398, 7324, 13, 2229, 71, 9019, 13, 2398, 4810, 12394, 198, 198, 3666, 1706, 699, 3771, 31304, 3683, 37199, 357, 21197, 8, 198, 198, 21816, 8487, 11, 4343, 930, 5624, 198, 198, 7, 19856, 86, 9350, 13, 3262, 8, 12495, 5519, 290, 38967, 423, 1043, 867, 49602, 6156, 20316, 13, 1119, 1656, 284, 307, 262, 30468, 286, 6190, 35928, 290, 423, 587, 1043, 3690, 262, 995, 13, 2312, 16997, 20675, 286, 6156, 13817, 423, 587, 1043, 2029, 290, 11447, 11, 287, 8598, 30923, 11, 290, 772, 319, 262, 3005, 3150, 286, 262, 23744, 13, 2312, 30971, 6373, 749, 1884, 1560, 514, 326, 878, 262, 22106, 286, 1692, 14355, 11, 612, 11196, 584, 12661, 9791, 508, 3170, 4047, 4166, 35928, 326, 547, 6572, 329, 49602, 3840, 13, 198, 198, 4821, 284, 31814, 11, 1692, 9791, 423, 257, 2106, 286, 645, 517, 621, 3478, 7319, 812, 13, 1374, 466, 356, 4727, 262, 6156, 40970, 290, 6147, 3186, 326, 460, 307, 14567, 736, 284, 867, 517, 621, 3478, 7319, 812, 30, 198, 198, 2257, 34802, 7815, 198, 198, 33873, 3183, 10311, 319, 257, 1588, 28257, 357, 6191, 25, 22984, 2094, 40929, 8, 198, 198, 2257, 34802, 8026, 198, 198, 25241, 26596, 357, 6191, 25, 22984, 1583, 13, 2094, 40929, 8, 198, 198, 818, 262, 12819, 6888, 28847, 287, 262, 7840, 636, 286, 25768, 11, 612, 318, 257, 7815, 13257, 287, 257, 1402, 7404, 1444, 314, 6888, 357, 25241, 737, 383, 13257, 11298, 838, 11, 830, 5207, 286, 14966, 41136, 351, 11428, 7572, 13, 1119, 389, 1444, 314, 8141, 14966, 13, 383, 7572, 319, 262, 14966, 423, 587, 9086, 656, 1180, 9376, 11, 884, 355, 262, 2272, 27982, 11, 6156, 4695, 11, 44741, 33431, 11, 290, 6156, 14911, 1773, 956, 13, 2312, 1398, 6637, 389, 6635, 503, 286, 3638, 351, 3660, 3783, 13, 632, 318, 355, 611, 777, 24362, 4427, 674, 6754, 13399, 13, 198, 198, 40640, 262, 11527, 810, 262, 23470, 14966, 547, 1043, 11, 612, 547, 635, 34066, 5242, 286, 812, 1468, 13, 383, 1097, 85, 654, 389, 8082, 13, 1119, 19583, 1450, 290, 27199, 763, 25687, 11, 290, 340, 468, 587, 5220, 326, 262, 8064, 286, 1450, 290, 27199, 373, 546, 262, 976, 355, 1692, 9791, 290, 24424, 13, 554, 584, 2456, 11, 27199, 1656, 284, 423, 587, 4030, 355, 24424, 393, 547, 256, 2434, 416, 1692, 9791, 13, 198, 198, 818, 3090, 11, 5986, 319, 262, 14966, 19583, 1618, 37100, 1187, 11, 2910, 13501, 15880, 11, 42067, 11, 3315, 5112, 11, 1450, 20023, 27199, 11, 290, 881, 517, 13, 2312, 8188, 389, 1327, 284, 4727, 351, 3660, 3783, 13, 198, 198, 4863, 262, 7815, 7572, 290, 1097, 85, 654, 11, 356, 460, 1560, 326, 612, 373, 257, 44741, 1692, 14355, 326, 550, 4251, 257, 845, 6190, 3037, 13, 198, 198, 13217, 47536, 490, 64, 16232, 422, 10315, 198, 198, 2202, 3267, 1596, 11, 5075, 11, 1141, 262, 362, 358, 4037, 8785, 319, 13406, 8987, 11, 428, 3359, 3751, 366, 13217, 328, 505, 449, 271, 10304, 3644, 1, 545, 20597, 13, 357, 6191, 416, 406, 2606, 22312, 402, 2606, 31271, 2390, 10206, 40, 14, 17449, 14, 6633, 5382, 8, 198, 198, 32, 4289, 2084, 11, 257, 3644, 1444, 262, 3738, 47536, 490, 64, 13438, 1042, 373, 5071, 287, 257, 24790, 268, 4074, 39238, 1863, 262, 8312, 7051, 13, 6363, 22101, 1029, 7733, 290, 1210, 540, 1221, 389, 523, 3716, 326, 340, 2314, 307, 35108, 772, 1909, 11, 290, 645, 530, 460, 3785, 503, 703, 340, 5499, 13, 198, 198, 24661, 11, 5519, 422, 262, 1578, 7526, 11, 10315, 11, 290, 262, 1578, 1829, 973, 1029, 12, 46758, 2124, 12, 2433, 16667, 4867, 284, 804, 379, 530, 286, 663, 4981, 13, 23782, 925, 257, 2252, 3781, 25, 262, 3738, 47536, 490, 64, 13438, 1042, 460, 751, 11, 34128, 11, 29162, 11, 24061, 11, 290, 4727, 48782, 23154, 11, 351, 2754, 284, 262, 8824, 290, 6116, 286, 14705, 13, 632, 468, 257, 36537, 1221, 290, 743, 307, 1498, 284, 4331, 6591, 393, 25572, 39097, 274, 13, 198, 198, 8888, 356, 1833, 326, 262, 3738, 47536, 490, 64, 13438, 1042, 373, 973, 287, 262, 1218, 4289, 347, 13, 34, 13, 26326, 49288, 11, 428, 373, 262, 845, 717, 28260, 287, 2106, 13, 198, 198, 14942, 5510, 12136, 39332, 198, 198, 38150, 286, 6147, 11333, 351, 7128, 5241, 547, 1043, 379, 319, 257, 12788, 1589, 1474, 257, 13546, 287, 2520, 5478, 13, 1119, 423, 257, 2106, 286, 362, 13, 23, 2997, 812, 13, 357, 6191, 25, 371, 4024, 68, 10487, 8, 198, 198, 5167, 621, 3478, 812, 2084, 11, 18295, 287, 2520, 5478, 18735, 510, 617, 6147, 11333, 287, 262, 25980, 810, 3602, 6862, 282, 9767, 418, 31748, 12972, 305, 6883, 297, 578, 23751, 318, 1043, 13, 2312, 6147, 11333, 389, 546, 530, 11111, 287, 14753, 26, 617, 286, 606, 389, 41136, 351, 1115, 18620, 7128, 5241, 287, 262, 3504, 286, 262, 11333, 13, 632, 3568, 326, 777, 11333, 389, 422, 262, 28737, 4131, 4484, 41917, 2479, 11, 543, 373, 362, 13, 23, 2997, 812, 2084, 13, 198, 198, 464, 7128, 5241, 319, 777, 6147, 11333, 389, 2048, 16572, 11, 772, 706, 13188, 286, 812, 13, 2773, 1975, 326, 484, 389, 40970, 422, 257, 44741, 14355, 13, 775, 1265, 6731, 11, 366, 8241, 925, 777, 6147, 11333, 11, 290, 329, 644, 4959, 547, 484, 925, 1701, 1119, 423, 1865, 284, 307, 9713, 416, 6154, 290, 9123, 13, 198, 198, 44974, 9104, 3701, 22587, 198, 198, 5841, 1424, 286, 6215, 422, 4636, 874, 287, 262, 14075, 20073, 286, 262, 10857, 286, 317, 1525, 37427, 357, 6191, 422, 5230, 8, 198, 198, 818, 1248, 3720, 11, 3517, 38967, 1043, 4636, 874, 287, 262, 317, 1525, 37427, 10857, 11, 5140, 1474, 6365, 338, 21119, 659, 89, 11, 257, 39497, 10326, 13, 383, 4636, 874, 19583, 257, 1178, 5563, 326, 804, 588, 1909, 338, 6215, 290, 257, 2168, 286, 2092, 7348, 5563, 11, 1390, 257, 15392, 11, 257, 24927, 393, 257, 16807, 11, 290, 772, 257, 366, 52, 6080, 526, 2312, 1097, 85, 654, 423, 257, 2106, 286, 1115, 7319, 812, 13, 198, 198, 44, 28066, 338, 717, 6215, 373, 15943, 287, 41625, 11, 475, 29381, 1576, 11, 319, 262, 6156, 14075, 4636, 874, 11, 4981, 286, 6215, 4120, 355, 1903, 355, 1115, 7319, 812, 2084, 13, 198, 198, 818, 46244, 11, 2130, 1043, 257, 845, 2092, 2746, 286, 281, 6215, 287, 257, 1440, 12, 400, 29910, 12, 1941, 12, 727, 14075, 22234, 13, 632, 373, 925, 286, 4898, 422, 1402, 2336, 7150, 326, 6348, 287, 262, 1989, 379, 326, 640, 13, 1320, 2746, 318, 8574, 287, 262, 9594, 286, 47789, 871, 287, 23732, 13, 198, 198, 818, 16450, 11, 17911, 7451, 1583, 13, 36366, 75, 39523, 397, 13704, 1043, 6156, 20316, 287, 262, 13257, 338, 20933, 13, 1119, 547, 4981, 286, 366, 32002, 526, 5501, 6512, 318, 2063, 12, 805, 290, 2063, 12, 16944, 351, 6512, 3625, 13, 2312, 4981, 423, 511, 12098, 4104, 503, 11, 257, 7418, 500, 1767, 11, 257, 11723, 7894, 11, 290, 262, 18730, 286, 257, 7463, 11, 16021, 7894, 13, 1119, 804, 845, 881, 588, 262, 2060, 12, 5469, 6215, 286, 1909, 13, 198, 198, 32, 10861, 19401, 2746, 1043, 287, 2520, 2253, 3073, 2092, 284, 3660, 347, 4309, 26127, 357, 6191, 422, 5230, 8, 198, 198, 6104, 517, 8082, 318, 326, 19401, 4981, 11, 2045, 845, 2092, 284, 262, 14075, 32808, 11, 547, 1043, 287, 2520, 2253, 13, 554, 530, 2520, 1605, 1499, 11, 257, 10861, 6156, 19401, 2746, 326, 3073, 845, 2092, 284, 257, 347, 4309, 24065, 373, 41562, 13, 4784, 284, 262, 5519, 11, 428, 2746, 407, 691, 468, 257, 13767, 1486, 475, 460, 635, 6129, 13, 198, 198, 33, 16650, 324, 11, 3908, 11, 23490, 198, 198, 33, 16650, 324, 11, 3908, 11, 2368, 4289, 11843, 13591, 13, 357, 6191, 422, 5230, 8, 198, 198, 818, 2795, 27653, 11, 257, 1448, 286, 5103, 3259, 14716, 1043, 281, 6156, 12296, 2354, 262, 10420, 3139, 286, 19761, 13, 2293, 517, 621, 734, 1933, 286, 45499, 11, 38967, 5071, 867, 20316, 422, 262, 22035, 30908, 11, 422, 32996, 11843, 284, 31510, 11843, 13, 198, 198, 3260, 2045, 379, 530, 2378, 7173, 11, 2679, 16713, 7451, 3977, 1879, 1079, 346, 349, 11, 4640, 3437, 286, 262, 788, 10420, 9594, 11, 925, 257, 6452, 8009, 13, 679, 531, 326, 257, 19501, 6156, 11, 304, 433, 831, 1574, 410, 589, 546, 1936, 8331, 7331, 373, 281, 6156, 5931, 6555, 13, 1002, 530, 2087, 281, 7408, 393, 32915, 7344, 4610, 11, 340, 714, 307, 973, 13, 198, 198, 9914, 1079, 346, 349, 338, 7664, 11472, 262, 38967, 11, 290, 340, 1724, 326, 355, 1903, 355, 262, 2368, 4289, 11843, 262, 9467, 1547, 2877, 287, 262, 3814, 1541, 550, 13591, 13, 632, 318, 734, 7319, 812, 2961, 621, 262, 717, 6555, 15646, 416, 262, 33013, 47319, 28092, 4709, 8326, 287, 21431, 13, 198, 198, 2937, 10437, 78, 3683, 37199, 198, 198, 34, 28213, 582, 12, 9727, 5696, 357, 6191, 422, 5230, 8, 198, 198, 818, 3945, 20510, 11, 262, 5085, 286, 10437, 78, 9638, 11, 6544, 3702, 64, 11, 3442, 11, 5071, 281, 4457, 1327, 3704, 286, 47969, 379, 281, 20334, 286, 517, 621, 7337, 3625, 11, 2319, 3625, 2440, 621, 262, 31005, 6, 7850, 3077, 13, 198, 198, 464, 2005, 16649, 286, 262, 47969, 7101, 530, 286, 262, 30468, 286, 1728, 12370, 4410, 13, 5334, 8573, 3359, 262, 3257, 13357, 286, 582, 12, 9727, 5696, 13, 1867, 318, 517, 11004, 318, 326, 262, 47969, 460, 307, 23246, 736, 5323, 11, 830, 812, 13, 198, 198, 464, 10437, 78, 47969, 468, 587, 10873, 65, 3077, 262, 366, 34, 28213, 45908, 1, 290, 262, 11428, 9136, 318, 1900, 355, 262, 9009, 6107, 286, 281, 5387, 33607, 3113, 13, 198, 198, 38, 3014, 8026, 6932, 422, 18133, 31656, 198, 198, 38, 3014, 7815, 2613, 422, 18133, 31656, 198, 198, 24472, 262, 614, 15533, 11, 262, 1605, 4502, 449, 18642, 1043, 546, 939, 11666, 7815, 11333, 287, 262, 19690, 20712, 11, 43088, 11, 290, 262, 35082, 286, 262, 25979, 286, 18133, 31656, 13, 2312, 7815, 11333, 7565, 287, 2546, 13, 1119, 423, 257, 14753, 286, 734, 284, 1105, 3625, 13, 1119, 389, 262, 3186, 286, 21840, 3037, 290, 1242, 4592, 198, 198, 4711, 11428, 7815, 11333, 12725, 257, 1049, 1730, 286, 1393, 13, 23782, 5071, 11, 706, 15964, 262, 11333, 11, 326, 484, 389, 925, 286, 4735, 41013, 13, 383, 46171, 1300, 319, 262, 4417, 318, 2048, 3446, 262, 976, 422, 867, 1180, 2173, 13, 383, 4049, 286, 262, 14753, 318, 523, 5664, 326, 340, 318, 14547, 257, 7138, 366, 744, 1, 2613, 13, 198, 198, 19895, 3609, 9251, 423, 531, 326, 262, 14429, 286, 777, 11333, 1276, 423, 17273, 11091, 3725, 290, 21840, 39510, 4678, 13, 554, 3090, 11, 484, 1276, 423, 550, 845, 28055, 4899, 290, 15440, 15964, 4410, 11, 4306, 777, 3186, 714, 407, 423, 587, 15943, 13, 198, 198, 8241, 925, 777, 6175, 7815, 11333, 11, 290, 351, 644, 1611, 286, 4899, 11, 290, 329, 644, 4007, 547, 484, 925, 30, 2312, 2683, 3520, 34001, 13, 2773, 661, 869, 777, 6175, 7815, 11333, 11, 366, 464, 6175, 338, 1667, 7689, 526, 198, 198, 37, 793, 4487, 351, 38791, 7870, 4798, 198, 198, 17121, 449, 13, 337, 444, 353, 11, 281, 18585, 12584, 5887, 11, 1043, 257, 17292, 3601, 319, 257, 491, 346, 672, 578, 11, 10691, 736, 284, 1022, 939, 1510, 290, 2237, 1510, 812, 2084, 13, 383, 4286, 373, 2077, 287, 10202, 287, 15963, 13, 357, 6191, 25, 8616, 5030, 8, 198, 198, 2898, 346, 672, 2737, 460, 307, 1775, 319, 262, 6727, 1364, 5228, 357, 6191, 25, 21582, 21259, 9594, 8, 198, 198, 818, 28017, 11, 1583, 13, 20330, 11, 262, 1182, 286, 257, 41917, 24224, 287, 11867, 11, 1043, 838, 10411, 1692, 48012, 287, 262, 6588, 7087, 516, 6450, 28750, 13, 4527, 1416, 16603, 5205, 290, 30624, 12566, 905, 326, 777, 48012, 547, 4073, 416, 262, 3833, 422, 1692, 3625, 2138, 621, 11666, 39510, 13, 632, 318, 6108, 326, 262, 12586, 351, 777, 48012, 389, 546, 8646, 1510, 812, 1468, 13, 198, 198, 8421, 28017, 11, 734, 1692, 48012, 547, 5071, 319, 257, 3881, 287, 520, 13, 5593, 319, 262, 13797, 5866, 338, 7421, 3331, 13, 4784, 284, 4903, 9251, 11, 326, 3881, 318, 546, 20479, 1510, 812, 1468, 13, 198, 198, 2898, 346, 672, 2737, 389, 1402, 11, 16050, 40631, 660, 44835, 326, 11196, 319, 262, 4534, 422, 10053, 1510, 812, 2084, 284, 21355, 1510, 812, 2084, 11, 618, 484, 2627, 28881, 13, 48576, 12584, 5887, 3977, 449, 13, 2185, 1694, 5071, 257, 1178, 34066, 422, 262, 28737, 4131, 4484, 2479, 379, 3738, 47329, 18334, 11, 10202, 11, 287, 2795, 11, 15963, 13, 1881, 286, 262, 34066, 468, 17292, 20842, 286, 281, 4044, 290, 257, 1200, 13, 198, 198, 464, 22140, 47898, 48834, 317, 13, 8261, 422, 10202, 2059, 468, 14567, 340, 290, 531, 326, 484, 389, 5600, 1692, 48012, 13, 198, 198, 818, 2901, 11, 15963, 11, 257, 880, 12, 4002, 4903, 7451, 11, 1583, 13, 26285, 522, 11, 7620, 1816, 284, 3738, 47329, 18334, 290, 5071, 262, 24713, 286, 257, 1200, 13, 554, 2932, 11, 15963, 11, 257, 1171, 1524, 2041, 12, 40796, 8383, 422, 13754, 6233, 2254, 1043, 734, 1692, 17292, 20842, 319, 262, 976, 3704, 286, 3881, 7268, 491, 346, 672, 2737, 12584, 13, 1439, 286, 777, 24362, 290, 511, 10691, 416, 9123, 423, 15254, 597, 17188, 546, 511, 6224, 13, 1119, 1944, 257, 2726, 4427, 284, 4569, 4903, 1435, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
2,242
Tenerife’s Tastemakers: Maria Gotlib The first in our Tenerife Tastemaker series, Maria Gotlib is Director of Sales & Marketing of The Ritz-Carlton, Abama, and knows plenty about the island… How long have you lived in Tenerife and what is it about the island that you love the most? Although my parents are not from Spain, I was born in Tenerife and grew up on the island. When I was a teenager I studied abroad and graduated from the Swiss Hotel Management School Les Roches. After graduating I did my internship in the US and then worked abroad for another 8 years, returning to the island 10 years ago to start with this amazing project and resort which is The Ritz-Carlton, Abama. What I love about Tenerife is its natural beauty, wonderful climate, clear ocean, food and sense of safety/security. How does the island inspire your work and creativity? Getting up every morning and seeing the beautiful mountain range with its pine forests and high peaks, gazing across the ocean and horizon, seeing the neighbouring islands of La Gomera, La Palma and El Hierro, enjoying the stunning blue of the sea and breathing in the first rays of sun in the morning, just gets me going! Are there any new openings on the island that can’t be missed? Not from my hotel chain, The Ritz-Carlton. And I am not aware of any new hit “openings” coming up. But it is a very vibrant and dynamic island, so there are always new concepts and projects coming up. If you only had one day to show us the best of Tenerife, where would you take us? 1) To enjoy Los Gigantes from the mirador on the road going down to the village. 2) The National Park of Las Cañadas del Teide, and go up to the summit on the cable car. 3) Take a hike or horseride through the pine forests of el Chinyero 4) Hike down the Masca gorge 5) Go to visit Garachico, La Laguna and La Orotava Have you got a favourite island event or festival? La Romeria of la Orotava has a local flair and is full of colours, music and energy Where is your favourite local’s hangout? Why is it so special? Any place on the coast that oversees the ocean and the sunset. It is not only the place, it is the views that you get. What’s your favourite time of year in Tenerife and why? May and September. The temperature is ideal, the air is clear, sunsets are beautiful, and the island is less crowded than in peak months.
[ 51, 877, 901, 447, 247, 82, 309, 459, 368, 3979, 25, 14200, 11853, 8019, 198, 198, 464, 717, 287, 674, 309, 877, 901, 309, 459, 32174, 2168, 11, 14200, 11853, 8019, 318, 5890, 286, 17329, 1222, 22137, 286, 383, 371, 4224, 12, 26886, 1122, 11, 2275, 1689, 11, 290, 4206, 6088, 546, 262, 7022, 1399, 198, 198, 2437, 890, 423, 345, 5615, 287, 309, 877, 901, 290, 644, 318, 340, 546, 262, 7022, 326, 345, 1842, 262, 749, 30, 198, 198, 7003, 616, 3397, 389, 407, 422, 8602, 11, 314, 373, 4642, 287, 309, 877, 901, 290, 6348, 510, 319, 262, 7022, 13, 1649, 314, 373, 257, 15287, 314, 9713, 10522, 290, 18303, 422, 262, 14780, 12696, 8549, 3961, 11732, 13545, 956, 13, 2293, 30024, 314, 750, 616, 42329, 287, 262, 1294, 290, 788, 3111, 10522, 329, 1194, 807, 812, 11, 8024, 284, 262, 7022, 838, 812, 2084, 284, 923, 351, 428, 4998, 1628, 290, 12600, 543, 318, 383, 371, 4224, 12, 26886, 1122, 11, 2275, 1689, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 314, 1842, 546, 309, 877, 901, 318, 663, 3288, 8737, 11, 7932, 4258, 11, 1598, 9151, 11, 2057, 290, 2565, 286, 3747, 14, 12961, 13, 198, 198, 2437, 857, 262, 7022, 18330, 534, 670, 290, 16389, 30, 198, 198, 20570, 510, 790, 3329, 290, 4379, 262, 4950, 8598, 2837, 351, 663, 20161, 17039, 290, 1029, 25740, 11, 50234, 1973, 262, 9151, 290, 17810, 11, 4379, 262, 29272, 14807, 286, 4689, 402, 296, 8607, 11, 4689, 3175, 2611, 290, 2574, 36496, 305, 11, 13226, 262, 13393, 4171, 286, 262, 5417, 290, 12704, 287, 262, 717, 24823, 286, 4252, 287, 262, 3329, 11, 655, 3011, 502, 1016, 0, 198, 198, 8491, 612, 597, 649, 28431, 319, 262, 7022, 326, 460, 447, 247, 83, 307, 6825, 30, 198, 198, 3673, 422, 616, 7541, 6333, 11, 383, 371, 4224, 12, 26886, 1122, 13, 843, 314, 716, 407, 3910, 286, 597, 649, 2277, 564, 250, 9654, 654, 447, 251, 2406, 510, 13, 887, 340, 318, 257, 845, 21266, 290, 8925, 7022, 11, 523, 612, 389, 1464, 649, 10838, 290, 4493, 2406, 510, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 691, 550, 530, 1110, 284, 905, 514, 262, 1266, 286, 309, 877, 901, 11, 810, 561, 345, 1011, 514, 30, 198, 198, 16, 8, 1675, 2883, 5401, 19525, 39781, 422, 262, 5720, 7079, 319, 262, 2975, 1016, 866, 284, 262, 7404, 13, 198, 198, 17, 8, 383, 2351, 3250, 286, 10123, 6488, 12654, 38768, 1619, 1665, 485, 11, 290, 467, 510, 284, 262, 14237, 319, 262, 7862, 1097, 13, 198, 198, 18, 8, 7214, 257, 18390, 393, 45334, 263, 485, 832, 262, 20161, 17039, 286, 1288, 609, 3541, 3529, 198, 198, 19, 8, 367, 522, 866, 262, 337, 42688, 17177, 198, 198, 20, 8, 1514, 284, 3187, 7164, 620, 3713, 11, 4689, 21003, 9613, 290, 4689, 440, 10599, 4170, 198, 198, 11980, 345, 1392, 257, 12507, 7022, 1785, 393, 10876, 30, 198, 198, 14772, 3570, 5142, 286, 8591, 440, 10599, 4170, 468, 257, 1957, 37457, 290, 318, 1336, 286, 18915, 11, 2647, 290, 2568, 198, 198, 8496, 318, 534, 12507, 1957, 447, 247, 82, 8181, 448, 30, 4162, 318, 340, 523, 2041, 30, 198, 198, 7149, 1295, 319, 262, 7051, 326, 31806, 262, 9151, 290, 262, 26428, 13, 632, 318, 407, 691, 262, 1295, 11, 340, 318, 262, 5009, 326, 345, 651, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 447, 247, 82, 534, 12507, 640, 286, 614, 287, 309, 877, 901, 290, 1521, 30, 198, 198, 6747, 290, 2693, 13, 383, 5951, 318, 7306, 11, 262, 1633, 318, 1598, 11, 4252, 28709, 389, 4950, 11, 290, 262, 7022, 318, 1342, 18012, 621, 287, 9103, 1933, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
607
Meet the mother of the Canadian civil rights movement Desmond passed away in 1965 at the age of 50. In 2010, she was granted the first post-humorous pardon in Canadian history. Her refusal to pay that extra penny? Scrubbed from the books. Today, the Canadian Mint revealed the nation's new ten dollar bill. Soon, when Canadians pull a tenner out of their wallets to pay for a cup of coffee, it'll be her face smiling we see smiling back at us. Small gestures in the face of inequality can lead to great things. What we do, how we respond in the face of hate, every day, can change the world. Image by Unknown - Winnipeg Free Press, Public Domain, Link
[ 29318, 262, 2802, 286, 262, 5398, 3026, 2489, 3356, 628, 628, 198, 5960, 6327, 3804, 1497, 287, 17672, 379, 262, 2479, 286, 2026, 13, 554, 3050, 11, 673, 373, 7520, 262, 717, 1281, 12, 17047, 9610, 27322, 287, 5398, 2106, 13, 2332, 17387, 284, 1414, 326, 3131, 26369, 30, 1446, 25089, 3077, 422, 262, 3835, 13, 6288, 11, 262, 5398, 20873, 4602, 262, 3277, 338, 649, 3478, 8872, 2855, 13, 15894, 11, 618, 14008, 2834, 257, 3478, 1008, 503, 286, 511, 29608, 284, 1414, 329, 257, 6508, 286, 6891, 11, 340, 1183, 307, 607, 1986, 16755, 356, 766, 16755, 736, 379, 514, 13, 198, 198, 18712, 24621, 287, 262, 1986, 286, 12791, 460, 1085, 284, 1049, 1243, 13, 1867, 356, 466, 11, 703, 356, 3031, 287, 262, 1986, 286, 5465, 11, 790, 1110, 11, 460, 1487, 262, 995, 13, 198, 198, 5159, 416, 16185, 532, 23434, 3232, 4332, 11, 5094, 20021, 11, 7502, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
154
EU Bioz Testosterone Cypionate 200mg $ 50.00 Manufacturer: EU Bioz Chemical name: Testosterone Cypionate Strength: 200mg Size: 10ml vial Information about Testosterone Cypionate 200 Testosterone Cypionate is a modified form of testosterone with an ester added to it. this ester boosts the anabolic nature of testosterone and allows it to be released in a stable base instead of rapid fast base. Test Cypionate enjoys many medical uses, it’s used to aide with cases of decreased libido, muscle wasting disease, depression, osteoporosis and in some certain cases of breast cancer in women. Testosterone is used by athletes and bodybuilders today to enhance their performance and increase their strength to grow bigger, better and stronger. Testosterone hold an anabolic/androgenic of 100/100. Such rating is considered to be the standard rating that all anabolic steroids are compared with to understand their power and strength. Testosterone holds many anabolic properties, it increases protein synthesis, increases nitrogen retention into muscles, increase red blood cell count and increases insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). All of these properties will provide a better recovery rate and will enhance performance, it will also increase endurance and strength helping to bush through hard training. Properties of Testosterone Cypionate All forms of injectable testosterone are characterized by an increase in muscle growth in host athletes. Cypionate was no exception to this rule. On the course, this steroid causes an impressive increase in strength indicators and mass. Since the drug is prone to conversion to estrogens, a significant percentage of the mass falls on fluid reserves (approximately 30% of the total number of kilograms gained). This also served as the reason for not using Testosterone Cypionate in the preparatory course. The high estrogen level caused by Cypionate in a matter of days can provoke the appearance of the first signs of gynecomastia (signs can be very different – from pain to swelling and hardening in the nipple). To avoid such phenomena, you need to take auxiliary drugs (Clomid or Nolvadex). Reception of antiestrogens plays an extremely important role in the fight against side effects, so in no case do not neglect them !!! Aromatase blockers are widely used. Since the drug has a pronounced androgenic effect, androgenic side effects also develop. The external manifestation of side effects directly depends on how quickly testosterone is treated with DHT. How to use Testosterone Cypionate? Testosterone Cypionate is a strong anabolic steroid that can be used in off season and cutting cycles, it only depends on the dosage and diet that an individual is on. A dose of 200mg per week will be more than enough to start feeling its effects on performance, a higher dose ranging between 400-600mg per week is considered the average dose, and is mostly consumed by most users. Some hard core athletes may try higher dose of 800-1000mg per week, but such dose may increase the possibility of Side effects to occur. The period to stay on this anabolic steroid ranges between 10-12 weeks not more. Despite the fact that the drug remains active in the body for a rather long time, the optimal frequency will be to perform injections once a week. This is done in order to maintain a high concentration of the steroid in the blood. If you want to gain muscle mass, the optimal weekly dosage of the drug will fluctuate between 250-500 mg. The drug is taken both on a solo course and in combinations – in both cases, the result will not be long in coming. However, combinations of drugs give the best result, since in this case a synergistic effect is manifested on the course. You must always take this steroid correctly. The motto “the more the better!” in this case, it’s not an option, since increasing the dosage to 800 – 1000 and higher you will not get results with supernatural improvements, but you will greatly increase the risk of side effects. On and Post Cycle Recovery As already mentioned above, in order to avoid the undesirable effects of estrogen on the body, you need to start taking Tamoxifen (10 mg per day) from the second week of the cycle. Complete the reception must be two weeks after the end of the cycle. Another option: take Proviron on the course. After completing the testosterone course, you need to replace Proviron with Tamoxifen. This will help restore the production of natural testosterone, as well as avoid gynecomastia and water accumulation in the body. If the duration of the course is more than four weeks, from 3 weeks you need to connect gonadtropin (once a week for 500 IU). Side effects of Test Cypionate Testosterone in general is a well tolerated anabolic steroid for most healthy adults with controllable side effects. Side effects may occur in those who has genetic predisposition and those who abuse. Here are some of the side effects that may occur and how to manage them if possible: • Gynecomastia and other estrogenic side effects like water retention and elevated blood pressure may occur since this anabolic steroid has the tendency to aromatize. Aromatase inhibitor may help with reliving with such effects. • Boldness , body hair growth and acne are all androgenic side effects that could be cause by this drug since it’s a highly androgenic drug. • Low levels of natural testosterone could be found after the discontinuation of finishing the use of testosterone blend. A PCT is highly recommended including Clomid and HCG will speed up the recovery and the production of testosterone. • this drug does not cause any stress on the liver. Can you guarantee the delivery of my order? What is your seizure policy? To U.S. customers: What advantages does registration give? Registered user gets some advantages: 1. Notifications on the mail about future special offers; 2. Promotion of the regular customers with good discounts; 3. An opportunity to become VIP. Is it safe to buy drugs in your store? How long should I wait for the order? Is your production original? Do you give recommendations of using your production? 1. Composition; 2. Action; 3. Recommendations for dosage and durability of using; 4. Possible side effects. Can you guarantee the delivery of my order? Do you give package tracking code? Do wholesales customers get special offers? Do you cooperate with sports organizations? How can I get products for free? Why the prices in the store so low? What should I do if I have problems with the order? How can you confirm the quality of the production? You can get the answer in two ways: What kind of payment you accept? Additional information Price in reward points: EU Bioz Product Code: Chemical name: Testosterone Cypionate 10ml vial In Stock There are no reviews yet. Be the first to review “EU Bioz Testosterone Cypionate 200mg”
[ 19684, 16024, 89, 6208, 16372, 48881, 295, 378, 939, 11296, 198, 198, 3, 1849, 1120, 13, 405, 628, 198, 44445, 15051, 25, 1849, 19684, 16024, 89, 198, 198, 41829, 605, 1438, 25, 1849, 14402, 16372, 48881, 295, 378, 198, 198, 45027, 25, 1849, 2167, 11296, 198, 198, 10699, 25, 1849, 940, 4029, 410, 498, 198, 198, 21918, 546, 6208, 16372, 48881, 295, 378, 939, 198, 198, 14402, 16372, 48881, 295, 378, 1849, 271, 257, 9518, 1296, 286, 18776, 351, 281, 1658, 353, 2087, 284, 340, 13, 428, 1658, 353, 31822, 262, 281, 29304, 3450, 286, 18776, 290, 3578, 340, 284, 307, 2716, 287, 257, 8245, 2779, 2427, 286, 5801, 3049, 2779, 13, 6208, 48881, 295, 378, 20393, 867, 3315, 3544, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 973, 284, 18727, 351, 2663, 286, 11832, 9195, 17305, 11, 8280, 24430, 4369, 11, 8862, 11, 32674, 404, 273, 5958, 290, 287, 617, 1728, 2663, 286, 9296, 4890, 287, 1466, 13, 6208, 16372, 318, 973, 416, 10856, 290, 1767, 50034, 1909, 284, 9494, 511, 2854, 290, 2620, 511, 4202, 284, 1663, 5749, 11, 1365, 290, 7387, 13, 198, 198, 14402, 16372, 1745, 281, 281, 29304, 14, 392, 8648, 291, 286, 1802, 14, 3064, 13, 8013, 7955, 318, 3177, 284, 307, 262, 3210, 7955, 326, 477, 281, 29304, 31397, 389, 3688, 351, 284, 1833, 511, 1176, 290, 4202, 13, 6208, 16372, 6622, 867, 281, 29304, 6608, 11, 340, 5732, 7532, 21263, 11, 5732, 23417, 21545, 656, 12749, 11, 2620, 2266, 2910, 2685, 954, 290, 5732, 14588, 12, 2339, 3349, 5766, 12, 16, 357, 3528, 37, 12, 16, 737, 1439, 286, 777, 6608, 481, 2148, 257, 1365, 7628, 2494, 290, 481, 9494, 2854, 11, 340, 481, 635, 2620, 22965, 290, 4202, 5742, 284, 24484, 832, 1327, 3047, 13, 198, 198, 2964, 18200, 286, 6208, 16372, 48881, 295, 378, 198, 198, 3237, 5107, 286, 8677, 540, 18776, 389, 16264, 416, 281, 2620, 287, 8280, 3349, 287, 2583, 10856, 13, 48881, 295, 378, 373, 645, 6631, 284, 428, 3896, 13, 1550, 262, 1781, 11, 428, 40762, 5640, 281, 8036, 2620, 287, 4202, 21337, 290, 2347, 13, 4619, 262, 2563, 318, 17592, 284, 11315, 284, 1556, 48686, 11, 257, 2383, 5873, 286, 262, 2347, 8953, 319, 11711, 14072, 357, 47498, 1542, 4, 286, 262, 2472, 1271, 286, 37075, 8618, 737, 198, 198, 1212, 635, 4983, 355, 262, 1738, 329, 407, 1262, 6208, 16372, 48881, 295, 378, 287, 262, 9198, 2870, 1781, 13, 383, 1029, 30541, 1241, 4073, 416, 48881, 295, 378, 287, 257, 2300, 286, 1528, 460, 29791, 262, 5585, 286, 262, 717, 5895, 286, 21486, 710, 785, 459, 544, 357, 12683, 82, 460, 307, 845, 1180, 784, 422, 2356, 284, 29844, 290, 1327, 3101, 287, 262, 45915, 737, 1675, 3368, 884, 19428, 11, 345, 761, 284, 1011, 37419, 5010, 357, 2601, 296, 312, 393, 399, 349, 85, 671, 87, 737, 797, 4516, 286, 3098, 395, 48686, 5341, 281, 4457, 1593, 2597, 287, 262, 1907, 1028, 1735, 3048, 11, 523, 287, 645, 1339, 466, 407, 17985, 606, 220, 10185, 317, 398, 265, 589, 43805, 389, 6768, 973, 13, 198, 198, 6385, 262, 2563, 468, 257, 16293, 290, 8648, 291, 1245, 11, 290, 8648, 291, 1735, 3048, 635, 1205, 13, 383, 7097, 30566, 286, 1735, 3048, 3264, 8338, 319, 703, 2952, 18776, 318, 5716, 351, 360, 6535, 13, 198, 198, 2437, 284, 779, 6208, 16372, 48881, 295, 378, 30, 198, 198, 14402, 16372, 48881, 295, 378, 318, 257, 1913, 281, 29304, 40762, 326, 460, 307, 973, 287, 572, 1622, 290, 7720, 16006, 11, 340, 691, 8338, 319, 262, 35997, 290, 5496, 326, 281, 1981, 318, 319, 13, 317, 10742, 286, 939, 11296, 583, 1285, 481, 307, 517, 621, 1576, 284, 923, 4203, 663, 3048, 319, 2854, 11, 257, 2440, 10742, 12897, 1022, 7337, 12, 8054, 11296, 583, 1285, 318, 3177, 262, 2811, 10742, 11, 290, 318, 4632, 13529, 416, 749, 2985, 13, 2773, 1327, 4755, 10856, 743, 1949, 2440, 10742, 286, 10460, 12, 12825, 11296, 583, 1285, 11, 475, 884, 10742, 743, 2620, 262, 5885, 286, 12075, 3048, 284, 3051, 13, 383, 2278, 284, 2652, 319, 428, 281, 29304, 40762, 16069, 1022, 838, 12, 1065, 2745, 407, 517, 13, 198, 198, 8332, 262, 1109, 326, 262, 2563, 3793, 4075, 287, 262, 1767, 329, 257, 2138, 890, 640, 11, 262, 16586, 8373, 481, 307, 284, 1620, 35849, 1752, 257, 1285, 13, 770, 318, 1760, 287, 1502, 284, 5529, 257, 1029, 10368, 286, 262, 40762, 287, 262, 2910, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 765, 284, 4461, 8280, 2347, 11, 262, 16586, 10273, 35997, 286, 262, 2563, 481, 19180, 4985, 1022, 8646, 12, 4059, 10527, 13, 383, 2563, 318, 2077, 1111, 319, 257, 12199, 1781, 290, 287, 17790, 784, 287, 1111, 2663, 11, 262, 1255, 481, 407, 307, 890, 287, 2406, 13, 2102, 11, 17790, 286, 5010, 1577, 262, 1266, 1255, 11, 1201, 287, 428, 1339, 257, 39209, 2569, 1245, 318, 34300, 319, 262, 1781, 13, 198, 198, 1639, 1276, 1464, 1011, 428, 40762, 9380, 13, 383, 33600, 564, 250, 1169, 517, 262, 1365, 0, 447, 251, 287, 428, 1339, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 407, 281, 3038, 11, 1201, 3649, 262, 35997, 284, 10460, 784, 8576, 290, 2440, 345, 481, 407, 651, 2482, 351, 22239, 8561, 11, 475, 345, 481, 9257, 2620, 262, 2526, 286, 1735, 3048, 13, 198, 198, 2202, 290, 2947, 26993, 21007, 198, 198, 1722, 1541, 4750, 2029, 11, 287, 1502, 284, 3368, 262, 38117, 3048, 286, 30541, 319, 262, 1767, 11, 345, 761, 284, 923, 2263, 11552, 1140, 361, 268, 357, 940, 10527, 583, 1110, 8, 422, 262, 1218, 1285, 286, 262, 6772, 13, 13248, 262, 16307, 1276, 307, 734, 2745, 706, 262, 886, 286, 262, 6772, 13, 6023, 3038, 25, 1011, 1041, 2268, 319, 262, 1781, 13, 2293, 14339, 262, 18776, 1781, 11, 345, 761, 284, 6330, 1041, 2268, 351, 11552, 1140, 361, 268, 13, 770, 481, 1037, 11169, 262, 3227, 286, 3288, 18776, 11, 355, 880, 355, 3368, 21486, 710, 785, 459, 544, 290, 1660, 24106, 287, 262, 1767, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 262, 9478, 286, 262, 1781, 318, 517, 621, 1440, 2745, 11, 422, 513, 2745, 345, 761, 284, 2018, 35140, 324, 48385, 259, 357, 27078, 257, 1285, 329, 5323, 42564, 737, 198, 198, 24819, 3048, 286, 6208, 48881, 295, 378, 198, 198, 14402, 16372, 287, 2276, 318, 257, 880, 28197, 281, 29304, 40762, 329, 749, 5448, 6490, 351, 1246, 297, 540, 1735, 3048, 13, 12075, 3048, 743, 3051, 287, 883, 508, 468, 8513, 46276, 9150, 290, 883, 508, 5076, 13, 198, 198, 4342, 389, 617, 286, 262, 1735, 3048, 326, 743, 3051, 290, 703, 284, 6687, 606, 611, 1744, 25, 628, 50286, 3581, 18488, 710, 785, 459, 544, 290, 584, 30541, 291, 1735, 3048, 588, 1660, 21545, 290, 15321, 2910, 3833, 743, 3051, 1201, 428, 281, 29304, 40762, 468, 262, 13542, 284, 19731, 265, 1096, 13, 317, 398, 265, 589, 41704, 743, 1037, 351, 823, 1412, 351, 884, 3048, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 27059, 1108, 837, 1767, 4190, 3349, 290, 32877, 389, 477, 290, 8648, 291, 1735, 3048, 326, 714, 307, 2728, 416, 428, 2563, 1201, 340, 447, 247, 82, 257, 4047, 290, 8648, 291, 2563, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 7754, 2974, 286, 3288, 18776, 714, 307, 1043, 706, 262, 19936, 2288, 286, 12848, 262, 779, 286, 18776, 13516, 13, 317, 350, 4177, 318, 4047, 7151, 1390, 1012, 296, 312, 290, 27327, 38, 481, 2866, 510, 262, 7628, 290, 262, 3227, 286, 18776, 13, 628, 198, 50286, 3581, 428, 2563, 857, 407, 2728, 597, 5503, 319, 262, 14383, 13, 628, 628, 198, 198, 6090, 345, 9149, 262, 7585, 286, 616, 1502, 30, 628, 198, 2061, 318, 534, 22338, 2450, 30, 628, 198, 2514, 471, 13, 50, 13, 4297, 25, 628, 628, 198, 2061, 13391, 857, 9352, 1577, 30, 198, 198, 47473, 2836, 3011, 617, 13391, 25, 628, 50286, 16, 13, 1892, 6637, 319, 262, 6920, 546, 2003, 2041, 4394, 26, 198, 50286, 17, 13, 42868, 286, 262, 3218, 4297, 351, 922, 25684, 26, 198, 50286, 18, 13, 1052, 3663, 284, 1716, 24791, 13, 198, 198, 3792, 340, 3338, 284, 2822, 5010, 287, 534, 3650, 30, 628, 198, 2437, 890, 815, 314, 4043, 329, 262, 1502, 30, 628, 198, 3792, 534, 3227, 2656, 30, 628, 198, 5211, 345, 1577, 10763, 286, 1262, 534, 3227, 30, 628, 198, 50286, 16, 13, 955, 9150, 26, 198, 50286, 17, 13, 7561, 26, 198, 50286, 18, 13, 30361, 602, 329, 35997, 290, 26578, 286, 1262, 26, 198, 50286, 19, 13, 33671, 1735, 3048, 13, 198, 198, 6090, 345, 9149, 262, 7585, 286, 616, 1502, 30, 628, 198, 5211, 345, 1577, 5301, 9646, 2438, 30, 628, 198, 5211, 17950, 2040, 4297, 651, 2041, 4394, 30, 628, 198, 5211, 345, 21270, 351, 5701, 5745, 30, 628, 198, 2437, 460, 314, 651, 3186, 329, 1479, 30, 628, 198, 5195, 262, 4536, 287, 262, 3650, 523, 1877, 30, 628, 198, 2061, 815, 314, 466, 611, 314, 423, 2761, 351, 262, 1502, 30, 628, 198, 2437, 460, 345, 6216, 262, 3081, 286, 262, 3227, 30, 198, 198, 1639, 460, 651, 262, 3280, 287, 734, 2842, 25, 628, 198, 2061, 1611, 286, 6074, 345, 2453, 30, 628, 198, 198, 17699, 1321, 198, 198, 18124, 287, 6721, 2173, 25, 628, 198, 198, 19684, 16024, 89, 198, 198, 15667, 6127, 25, 628, 198, 41829, 605, 1438, 25, 198, 198, 14402, 16372, 48881, 295, 378, 628, 628, 198, 940, 4029, 410, 498, 628, 198, 818, 10500, 628, 198, 1858, 389, 645, 8088, 1865, 13, 198, 198, 3856, 262, 717, 284, 2423, 564, 250, 19684, 16024, 89, 6208, 16372, 48881, 295, 378, 939, 11296, 447, 251, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,587
Enter your keyword Thursday, June 05, 2008 Obama in the Synagogue The rain was just getting started outside, small drops pelting down and the occasional fat drop sticking to the stained glass of the windowpanes. The humid warmth of the day had gone and in its absence was the chill of the night. Three men sat around the worn metal table in the synagogue, each of them well on the far side of the whitening years of old age. In their talk, as in the talk of old men often does, the past and the future blended together in one whirling snowstorm of memories and thoughts. "I remember this one guy, he had a horse and wagon," 'Jack' said. Easily into his seventies, tall and stooped, he leaned wearily over the table with hands and face still reddened from a day of working the fruit stand, a battered Yankees cap still wet from the rain hanging over his forehead. "After each day he had to carry money home, so he dressed like a bum. Then when he saw any group of dangerous men, he'd ask them for a cigarette." Mr. Beitner nods and taps his pocket absently for a cigarette. He wears a faded fedora and a suit jacket over a dark woolen vest. Next to him is a leather case in which he carries some of the tools for his small business, customizing certain metal parts. There is little demand for it these days. "So they thought he was a bum," Mr. Oschow chimes in eagerly. For much of his life he worked as a mail carrier and he still walks with a characteristic stoop. A stump on his right hand marks where he lost his index finger during the Korean war. He is always the first to come, the first to leave and the most eager to learn. "So Hillary's out? Obama's going to be President, what?" Jack asks. "No," Mr Beitner says, "I read that was a phony story. She isn't out. They just said she was out. They still haven't announced the winner." "But he gave a speech and everything," Mr. Oschow said. "So he gave a speech," Mr Beitner said. "Anyone can give a speech." "They said he was the winner." "He declared himself the winner," Mr. Beitner said. "Anyone can declare himself the winner. I can declare myself a winner." "The news was reporting, it wasn't true?" Mr. Oschow said. "Listen to me, in my business you have to know the bums. If you don't know the bums, you wind up without a penny," Jack said, "and I'm telling you he's a bum." "He might be President," Mr. Oschow said. "Don't give me that," Jack said, "he's not going to be President. The country will never go for it." "Because he's black?" Mr. Oschow asked. "No forget that," Mr. Beitner said, dismissively waving his hand, "it's not about that. Do you know he belonged to a church for twenty years that hated whites. Now he left because he wants to be President. But you think he left, he didn't leave." "Yeah," Jack said, "a real bum." "And his wife, she said she hated America. Now he's running for President, she likes America." "Those people complain all the time and they're rich, they went to Harvard and never had to work a day in their life," Jack said, turning over worn reddened hands that had been lifting boxes and unpacking apples, peppers and tossing out cabbage all day. "They act like we should feel sorry for them." "I'm telling you if he gets in, it's the end of America," Mr. Beitner said gloomily. "He won't get in," Jack said. "All of Boro Park will vote for him, the other guy, what's his name" "McCain," Mr. Oschow said. "Something. Good man." "Now that's a real man," Mr. Beitner said. "He wasn't sitting around with the drugs when the war, like him. It's disgusting." "Boro Park is McCain territory," Jack repeated. A young Hassidic boy with long black earlocks walks by with iPhone headphones in his ears. "Hey," Jack calls to him, "who's Boro Park voting for?" "Hillary," the boy says. "No, listen," the boy says, pausing his song, "first everyone voted for Hillary, so she would win and go up against McCain and then we would all vote for him." He grins. "Neat trick, huh?" And then he's off again, running around the room. "See Boro Park is voting for McCain," Jack says confidently. "How many Chassidim are there in Boro Park anyway?" Mr. Beitner asks. "Enough. Plenty," Jack says. "Not that many," Mr. Oschow says. "Not enough to win an election." "There'll be more of them by the time the election comes," Jack says, "it's like China. A billion more by the time the polls open." There is a break in the conversation as the rain tapers off outside and darkness creeps around the bright colors of the stained glass windows. "It's gonna be real bad if Obama gets elected," Mr. Oschow says. "He can talk all he wants now, but you know what he's gonna do to the Jews once he gets in." "He's a bum, he won't get in," Jack says. "They've elected bums before," Mr. Beitner answers. "Not me," Jack says. "I never voted for a bum in my life. Not for any of them and I'm not gonna vote for this bum either. Let anyone do what he likes, maybe this country don't have no standards anymore, but I do. No bums. No druggies. No trash." The doors creak as the rest of the men come in from the cold and the wet and soon the prayers will begin. Prayers for rain that have already been fulfilled, for peace, for plenty, for life. Prayers of thanksgiving and of love. The three men open their prayer books, worn hands that have handled lifetimes of work creakily turn the pages. They leaf through page by page and though they move slowly, they do not shake. Watching them I know there and then that their convictions will not be shaken either no matter how many speeches Obama gives or how many editorials the mainstream media churns out reproving, imploring and chastising them for their obstinate rejection of the second coming of JFK. On they turn the pages and their hands do not shake. Their hands will not shake at the polls either when they vote against Obama. They are better informed than the media realizes and the community leaders that Obama solicits cannot reach them. They vote based on a lifetime's experience that has taught them to know right from wrong the hard way. Unlike their media savvy grandchildren, they will not listen to ObamaGirl's crooning, care about the trendy stylized posters or feel guilty for any doubts about Obama. Also unlike their grandchildren they will go the polls in greater numbers and percentages, in New York and in Florida and in scattered communities across America. They don't know about swing states or where their votes might best make a difference. They don't vote with that kind of calculation in mind. They simply vote because it's the right thing to do. And they will never vote for a bum. 1. That's what I'm putting my faith in--that people with common sense and an ability to recognize a bum when they see one. That plus senior citizens having a high voter turnout. 2. Hope they are not unusual. Many seniors find Mc Cain too old.. as I posted about. I hope they wise up that youth is the quickest way to hell. 3. Sultan, why didn't you discuss Barack Obama's speech before AIPAC. Perhaps you read Ted Bellman's analysis? By Ted Belman Obama stuns AIPAC. Me too. There are many things in this speech I am not happy with including Palestinians need a state that is contiguous and cohesvie unless perhaps it is in Jordan. Has McCain called for an undivided Jerusalem? Bush? 4. Obama is mirroring Bush's own campaign rhetoric during his own election, not to mention Hillary Clinton's own rhetoric "It says Clinton, the U.S. senator from New York and frontrunner for the Democratic presidential nomination "believes that Israel’s right to exist in safety as a Jewish state, with defensible borders and an undivided Jerusalem as its capital, secure from violence and terrorism, must never be questioned." Back in 2000 when he was running for office, Bush told Bnai Brit that he would move the embassy to Jerusalem as one of his first acts Bottom line, anyone who seriously believes anything a Presidential candidate promises about Israel in an election season is a moron. You look at a politician's background, his alliances and what he supported before campaign season listening to his promises at AIPAC and BB dinners is 10x10 meaningless 5. Is this what you are referring to? "Earlier that month, responding to a request by the American Jewish Committee to spell out his views on Israel and Middle East peace (a request also made of, and fulfilled by, Vice President Gore), Governor Bush issued a ringing endorsement of a close U.S.-Israel relationship, making it clear that he would "always stand with Israel," not attempt to "make Israel conform to [Washington's] own plans and timetables" for peace, and would "never interfere in Israeli elections." The Governor went even further, telling AJC: "My support for Israel is not conditional on the outcome of the peace process. America's special relationship with Israel precedes and transcends the peace process. And Israel's adversaries should know that in my administration, this special relationship will continue even if they cannot bring themselves to make true peace with the Jewish state. Something else will happen when I take office in January 2001: I will set in motion immediately the process of moving the U.S. ambassador to the city Israel has chosen as its capital, Jerusalem." http://www.aijac.org.au/updates/Dec-00/211200.htm This was in a letter to AJC. Did Bush make this pledge in a speech as Obama did yesterday? Bush violated his pledge. He lied. This is the reason I think Mr. Bush is such a miserable human being; as you know I believe this. Here he claims to be a born again Christian, a man of deep faith in God and he tells all these lies about Israel "occupying" Arab land; about the Jews humiliating the Palestinians, etc. Both he and Rice do this. I would agree we should not take public statements from politicians regarding Israel too seriously but as Obama said, "Don't tell me words don't matter." I'm sure you know, the Arab world is in shock today. If Obama is seeking the anti-Israel leftist, anti-Israel African American vote -- not insignificant in terms of numbers -- here in the U.S. and the Muslim American and Muslim-Arab American vote in the U.S., he went a long way to antagonize these groups. Why would he take this chance if he were not in some way sincere? He began by saying he was going to speak from the heart. It seems to me these words are not insignificant. Again, has McCain pledged he would support an "undivided Jerusalem?" 6. Bush didn't need to promise an undivided Jerusalem back then, because dividing Jerusalem wasn't on the agenda. Obama is promising it because it is on the agenda now. Words don't matter. Not words from politicians running for office. Go back and look at what the last bunch of Presidents promised Jews when they were running for Israel, if you can't figure that out for yourself. Obama went to AIPAC and played their game as so many Presidents have done before him. I'm sure the Arab world will have 5 minutes of irritation that Obama sacrificed his principles before shrugging and saying, "whatever it takes to get him elected." Maybe so. I read a piece today in the J. Post by Herb Keinon. Keinon wrote in part: "..the candidate who has so much of America on fire has left so many... cold in the country's corridors of power...according to officials in Jerusalem...change is good, but when Jerusalem looks at its relationship with Washington, the feeling is, "if it ain't broke, don't fix it..." Do you know what I think about the virtues of "corridors of power" in Jerusalem? The corridors of power in Jerusalem are about as low on the moral scale as you can get. This is the best endorsement Israel's corrupt leaders could give Obama? Perhaps you are aware there are Jews who support Obama for this very reason. The corridors of power in Israel don't trust him. Like Bush, they trust McCain. 8. I'll take your three old men as candidates, Sultan. Them - I know we could trust. I also think that what they had to say is how it will work. It may not get us the best, but I hope we at least get the least harmful. 9. Obama, who is always more than willing to throw anyone under a bus to get a vote or an 'okay' will say whatever needs to be said about Jews, Jerusalem and so-called terror state of Pal O'Stein. The man is a liar who loves such men as Jew hater Farrakhan and Wright and Pfleger and hobnobs with mad bombers like Ayers. Thinking that he cares about Israel is fairy tale thinking 10. Steve, your rationalizations are senseless as ever by your logic there is a great deal of worry about Iran in Israel's corridors of power clearly you should support Iran for that reason, as you support Obama and as you are no doubt aware there are Jews who support Iran for that very reason 11. I can't believe anyone would be dumb enough to really take Obama's claims about Israel seriously. Yeah, he said he wants Israel to be a single state but didn't say whether that single state should be Jewish or Muslim. You don't need to be a rocket scientist to figure this one out. 12. Anonymous6/6/08 There are only about 5 miliion people in the US who identify as Jews. Alot of those are voting for Obama. Even if there are people like these who know better than to elect him, it's hardly something to give us a sense of security about the outcome of the election. 13. Sultan, Israel's corridors of power have good reason to worry about Iran and I suspect Obama's expressed willingneess to negotiate with Iran's murderous leaders provide Israel's corridors of power even more reason for concern and rightly so. Senator Obama apparently has not read Winston Chuchill's "The Gathering Storm." The bottom line in my view, America is not likely to act against Iran's nascent nuclear sites; even a President John McCain is not likely to act against Iran. Americans, unlike Israelis, by and large do not see Iran as an immediate existential threat. To me, this is shortsighted. I believe it is the perception however. Thus in my opinion, Israel needs to act against Iran's nuclear sites unilaterally inspite of the risks. The sooner Israel's corridors of power understand this the better. America will not save Israel from Iran. Israel's leaders, hoping that a President John McCain will act preemptively against Iran might prove deadly for Israel. On a related matter, it is reported, U.S. Foreign Affairs Committee is looking at lifting the ban on sales of the F-22 jet fighter to Israel. F-22 can avoid radar detection. You say I support Obama for U.S. president. Quite honestly I do not know what I will do come November. It is unlikely I will vote for Senator McCain. We'll see. I've been told it is flat out wrong to simply turn the page. Are you of this view? I might consider voting for John McCain should he reverse Republican party policy that now supports the establishment of a Palestinian terror state in the Holy Land; supports the ethnic cleansing of Jews from Israel's God-given land. Should McCain repudiate this immoral policy; should he execute a policy reversal at our national party convention this August - September, I might consider voting for John McCain. 14. the question isn't the next president will attack Iran, though McCain may well do it while Obama will take steps to see that Israel is prevented from hitting Iran... the question is what kind of action he will take against Israel with an Obama administration, you get the people in power who support empowering Iran and destroying israel 15. Zbigniew Brzezinski is indeed a scary proposition. I think you know my position. What America and Israel are facing is a direct result of Bush's appeasement policies post 911, fully supported by the Republican party establishment as well as conservative and Republican party activists. Republicans might pull it off in November though I wonder if the GOP has history and heaven on its side. Since you mention Munich in your piece, consider the following: ARIEL SHARON, ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER: “I call on the Western democracies and primarily the leader of the free world, the United States: Do not repeat the dreadful mistake of 1938 when enlightened European democracies decided to sacrifice Czechoslovakia for a convenient temporary solution. Do not try to appease the Arabs on our expense. This is unacceptable to us. Israel will not be Czechoslovakia. Israel will fight terrorism.” Israel and the U.S. Involved in a Public Spat Aired October 6, 2001 - 09:21 ET JOHN KING, CNN SENIOR WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENT: As the president tries to build this international coalition, a major target of the White House effort, moderate Arab nations. But as the president reaches out to the Arab world, some tensions and remarkably blunt exchanges back and forth between the United States and a long- time ally. (Placed in context: Shibley Telhami, a Middle East expert at the University of Maryland, agrees that Bush formally made creating a Palestinian state the goal of U.S. policy, largely to appeal to the Muslim world at a time when the United States had attacked Afghanistan. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/04/AR2005100401410.html) (voice-over): A truce after a rare and blunt war of words between Israel and the United States. In a statement issued late Friday, Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon noted the, quote, "deep friendship and special relationship" between the two nations and saluted President Bush for a, quote, "bold and courageous decision to fight terrorism." It was an about-face from a day earlier, when Sharon lashed out. KING: What angered Washington most was Sharon's comparison to Europe ceding parts of Czechoslovakia to Hitler, suggesting that in its aggressive effort to court Arab nations for the coalition against terrorism, the United States was turning its back on Israel's security. ARI FLEISCHER, WHITE HOUSE SPOKESMAN: The president believes that these remarks are unacceptable. Israel can have no better or stronger friend than the United States, and better friend than President Bush. KING: Secretary of State Colin called Sharon once to voice the president's displeasure, then again later, after the prime minister agreed to issue a conciliatory statement...." Bush made the establishment of a Palestinian terror state in Israel a formal goal of U.S. policy at a time when Bush was about to invade Afghanistan; later Iraq. Bush sought to buy off Arab goodwill by sacrificing Israel. George W. Bush put enormous pressure on Ariel Sharon to concede territory to the Palestinian jihadists in the vain hope he might appease our many Arab enemies whom Bush calls "friends." Sharon's Czechoslovakia analogy was the proper one. Had he only stood by it instead of retreating from God-given land! Now we have a languishing economy, along with rising oil prices, the Republican's worst nightmare. Not only that, we've got a weak Republican candidate who is essentially alienating his conservative base in a vain effort to reach out to voters on the left and the middle. John McCain further potentially antagonized millions of Christian voters by jettisoning the support of a couple of high-profile pro-Israel Christian ministers who reject the Bush / Saudi road map. I'm not sure all this bodes well for the Republicans. We'll see. I certainly have no control over world events. I believe there are things in our hands and there are things beyond our control. This may be one of those years. Bush and the Republicans may have gone too far in their war against God's land and His people. That is what this is about Sultan. As a Jew you should know this is about Israel. The way America treats Israel is central to God's covenant with Abraham. "I will bless those who bless you and the one who curses you, I will curse." Bush has and is cursing Abraham and his descendants. By any standard of measure he has cursed us. 16. Bush is besides the point here now. The bottom line is we get to choose between Obama and McCain and even if McCain pursues Bush's policies, it doesn't even begin to compare to an Obama White House that will ally itself with Israel's enemies and you might want to remember that it was the Carter Administration that Obama is heir to, which began the whole cycle of land for peace deals 17. And what if God chooses Obama, in order to test us? What will you and conservative activists do? You will have to fight him. Unlike what we've seen with the conservative movement's mostly complicit silence in the face of the evil Mr. Bush has done to our only ally in the Middle East -- you will have to fight Barack Obama's every move. What is the expression? "The only thing necessary for evil to triumph..." Good men have done nothing on the Bush watch. Evil is on the rise. God's looking for a few good men. I don't see any. Do you? "Now the Lord saw. And He saw there was no man." 18. What if God chose Hitler to test us? What if God chose you to propound long senseless digressions? What we're trying to fight is the rise of evil. What you offer is convoluted reasoning fueled by personal bitterness.
[ 17469, 534, 21179, 198, 198, 25381, 11, 2795, 8870, 11, 3648, 198, 198, 15948, 287, 262, 16065, 32238, 198, 198, 464, 6290, 373, 655, 1972, 2067, 2354, 11, 1402, 10532, 16176, 889, 866, 290, 262, 12209, 3735, 4268, 17274, 284, 262, 34568, 5405, 286, 262, 4324, 6839, 274, 13, 383, 35441, 23125, 286, 262, 1110, 550, 3750, 290, 287, 663, 8889, 373, 262, 20493, 286, 262, 1755, 13, 198, 198, 12510, 1450, 3332, 1088, 262, 12666, 6147, 3084, 287, 262, 41953, 11, 1123, 286, 606, 880, 319, 262, 1290, 1735, 286, 262, 20542, 3101, 812, 286, 1468, 2479, 13, 554, 511, 1561, 11, 355, 287, 262, 1561, 286, 1468, 1450, 1690, 857, 11, 262, 1613, 290, 262, 2003, 32063, 1978, 287, 530, 348, 24297, 6729, 12135, 286, 9846, 290, 6066, 13, 198, 198, 1, 40, 3505, 428, 530, 3516, 11, 339, 550, 257, 8223, 290, 31860, 553, 705, 14295, 6, 531, 13, 38647, 813, 656, 465, 10037, 444, 11, 7331, 290, 3995, 19458, 11, 339, 23831, 356, 3093, 625, 262, 3084, 351, 2832, 290, 1986, 991, 14688, 2945, 422, 257, 1110, 286, 1762, 262, 8234, 1302, 11, 257, 33613, 20082, 1451, 991, 9583, 422, 262, 6290, 10938, 625, 465, 22645, 13, 366, 3260, 1123, 1110, 339, 550, 284, 3283, 1637, 1363, 11, 523, 339, 12049, 588, 257, 39564, 13, 3244, 618, 339, 2497, 597, 1448, 286, 4923, 1450, 11, 339, 1549, 1265, 606, 329, 257, 17779, 526, 198, 198, 5246, 13, 1355, 270, 1008, 34833, 290, 34531, 465, 10000, 2352, 1473, 329, 257, 17779, 13, 679, 17326, 257, 24887, 11672, 5799, 290, 257, 6050, 15224, 625, 257, 3223, 25749, 268, 19750, 13, 7406, 284, 683, 318, 257, 11620, 1339, 287, 543, 339, 10732, 617, 286, 262, 4899, 329, 465, 1402, 1597, 11, 2183, 2890, 1728, 6147, 3354, 13, 1318, 318, 1310, 3512, 329, 340, 777, 1528, 13, 198, 198, 1, 2396, 484, 1807, 339, 373, 257, 39564, 553, 1770, 13, 8834, 354, 322, 442, 999, 287, 30130, 13, 1114, 881, 286, 465, 1204, 339, 3111, 355, 257, 6920, 11920, 290, 339, 991, 11114, 351, 257, 16704, 3995, 404, 13, 317, 42497, 319, 465, 826, 1021, 8849, 810, 339, 2626, 465, 6376, 7660, 1141, 262, 6983, 1175, 13, 679, 318, 1464, 262, 717, 284, 1282, 11, 262, 717, 284, 2666, 290, 262, 749, 11069, 284, 2193, 13, 628, 198, 1, 2396, 5073, 338, 503, 30, 2486, 338, 1016, 284, 307, 1992, 11, 644, 1701, 3619, 7893, 13, 198, 198, 1, 2949, 553, 1770, 1355, 270, 1008, 1139, 11, 366, 40, 1100, 326, 373, 257, 41421, 1621, 13, 1375, 2125, 470, 503, 13, 1119, 655, 531, 673, 373, 503, 13, 1119, 991, 4398, 470, 3414, 262, 8464, 526, 198, 198, 1, 1537, 339, 2921, 257, 4046, 290, 2279, 553, 1770, 13, 8834, 354, 322, 531, 13, 198, 198, 1, 2396, 339, 2921, 257, 4046, 553, 1770, 1355, 270, 1008, 531, 13, 366, 21129, 460, 1577, 257, 4046, 526, 198, 198, 1, 2990, 531, 339, 373, 262, 8464, 526, 198, 198, 1, 1544, 6875, 2241, 262, 8464, 553, 1770, 13, 1355, 270, 1008, 531, 13, 366, 21129, 460, 13627, 2241, 262, 8464, 13, 314, 460, 13627, 3589, 257, 8464, 526, 198, 198, 1, 464, 1705, 373, 6447, 11, 340, 2492, 470, 2081, 1701, 1770, 13, 8834, 354, 322, 531, 13, 198, 198, 1, 23061, 284, 502, 11, 287, 616, 1597, 345, 423, 284, 760, 262, 275, 5700, 13, 1002, 345, 836, 470, 760, 262, 275, 5700, 11, 345, 2344, 510, 1231, 257, 26369, 553, 3619, 531, 11, 366, 392, 314, 1101, 5149, 345, 339, 338, 257, 39564, 526, 198, 198, 1, 1544, 1244, 307, 1992, 553, 1770, 13, 8834, 354, 322, 531, 13, 198, 198, 1, 3987, 470, 1577, 502, 326, 553, 3619, 531, 11, 366, 258, 338, 407, 1016, 284, 307, 1992, 13, 383, 1499, 481, 1239, 467, 329, 340, 526, 198, 198, 1, 8128, 339, 338, 2042, 1701, 1770, 13, 8834, 354, 322, 1965, 13, 198, 198, 1, 2949, 6044, 326, 553, 1770, 13, 1355, 270, 1008, 531, 11, 6735, 2280, 25849, 465, 1021, 11, 366, 270, 338, 407, 546, 326, 13, 2141, 345, 760, 339, 19611, 284, 257, 4928, 329, 8208, 812, 326, 16563, 13216, 13, 2735, 339, 1364, 780, 339, 3382, 284, 307, 1992, 13, 887, 345, 892, 339, 1364, 11, 339, 1422, 470, 2666, 526, 198, 198, 1, 10995, 553, 3619, 531, 11, 366, 64, 1103, 39564, 526, 198, 198, 1, 1870, 465, 3656, 11, 673, 531, 673, 16563, 2253, 13, 2735, 339, 338, 2491, 329, 1992, 11, 673, 7832, 2253, 526, 198, 198, 1, 9627, 661, 13121, 477, 262, 640, 290, 484, 821, 5527, 11, 484, 1816, 284, 11131, 290, 1239, 550, 284, 670, 257, 1110, 287, 511, 1204, 553, 3619, 531, 11, 6225, 625, 12666, 14688, 2945, 2832, 326, 550, 587, 16842, 10559, 290, 8593, 5430, 22514, 11, 31804, 290, 37432, 503, 41266, 477, 1110, 13, 366, 2990, 719, 588, 356, 815, 1254, 7926, 329, 606, 526, 198, 198, 1, 40, 1101, 5149, 345, 611, 339, 3011, 287, 11, 340, 338, 262, 886, 286, 2253, 553, 1770, 13, 1355, 270, 1008, 531, 30338, 813, 13, 198, 198, 1, 1544, 1839, 470, 651, 287, 553, 3619, 531, 13, 366, 3237, 286, 12182, 78, 3250, 481, 3015, 329, 683, 11, 262, 584, 3516, 11, 644, 338, 465, 1438, 1, 198, 198, 1, 30464, 391, 553, 1770, 13, 8834, 354, 322, 531, 13, 366, 22210, 13, 4599, 582, 526, 198, 198, 1, 3844, 326, 338, 257, 1103, 582, 553, 1770, 13, 1355, 270, 1008, 531, 13, 366, 1544, 2492, 470, 5586, 1088, 351, 262, 5010, 618, 262, 1175, 11, 588, 683, 13, 632, 338, 23374, 526, 198, 198, 1, 33, 16522, 3250, 318, 14264, 7674, 553, 3619, 5100, 13, 198, 198, 32, 1862, 20300, 312, 291, 2933, 351, 890, 2042, 1027, 28860, 11114, 416, 351, 7133, 22537, 287, 465, 11368, 13, 198, 198, 1, 10814, 553, 3619, 3848, 284, 683, 11, 366, 8727, 338, 12182, 78, 3250, 6709, 329, 1701, 198, 198, 1, 20397, 553, 262, 2933, 1139, 13, 628, 198, 1, 2949, 11, 6004, 553, 262, 2933, 1139, 11, 14187, 3500, 465, 3496, 11, 366, 11085, 2506, 7052, 329, 5073, 11, 523, 673, 561, 1592, 290, 467, 510, 1028, 14264, 290, 788, 356, 561, 477, 3015, 329, 683, 526, 679, 1036, 1040, 13, 366, 45, 4098, 6908, 11, 24926, 1701, 843, 788, 339, 338, 572, 757, 11, 2491, 1088, 262, 2119, 13, 198, 198, 1, 6214, 12182, 78, 3250, 318, 6709, 329, 14264, 553, 3619, 1139, 37891, 13, 198, 198, 1, 2437, 867, 609, 562, 312, 320, 389, 612, 287, 12182, 78, 3250, 6949, 1701, 1770, 13, 1355, 270, 1008, 7893, 13, 198, 198, 1, 47323, 13, 43257, 553, 3619, 1139, 13, 198, 198, 1, 3673, 326, 867, 553, 1770, 13, 8834, 354, 322, 1139, 13, 366, 3673, 1576, 284, 1592, 281, 3071, 526, 198, 198, 1, 1858, 1183, 307, 517, 286, 606, 416, 262, 640, 262, 3071, 2058, 553, 3619, 1139, 11, 366, 270, 338, 588, 2807, 13, 317, 2997, 517, 416, 262, 640, 262, 9231, 1280, 526, 198, 198, 1858, 318, 257, 2270, 287, 262, 5273, 355, 262, 6290, 256, 5656, 572, 2354, 290, 11854, 49100, 1088, 262, 6016, 7577, 286, 262, 34568, 5405, 9168, 13, 198, 198, 1, 1026, 338, 8066, 307, 1103, 2089, 611, 2486, 3011, 7018, 553, 1770, 13, 8834, 354, 322, 1139, 13, 366, 1544, 460, 1561, 477, 339, 3382, 783, 11, 475, 345, 760, 644, 339, 338, 8066, 466, 284, 262, 6771, 1752, 339, 3011, 287, 526, 198, 198, 1, 1544, 338, 257, 39564, 11, 339, 1839, 470, 651, 287, 553, 3619, 1139, 13, 198, 198, 1, 2990, 1053, 7018, 275, 5700, 878, 553, 1770, 13, 1355, 270, 1008, 7429, 13, 198, 198, 1, 3673, 502, 553, 3619, 1139, 13, 366, 40, 1239, 7052, 329, 257, 39564, 287, 616, 1204, 13, 1892, 329, 597, 286, 606, 290, 314, 1101, 407, 8066, 3015, 329, 428, 39564, 2035, 13, 3914, 2687, 466, 644, 339, 7832, 11, 3863, 428, 1499, 836, 470, 423, 645, 5423, 7471, 11, 475, 314, 466, 13, 1400, 275, 5700, 13, 1400, 37215, 33049, 13, 1400, 13913, 526, 198, 198, 464, 8215, 1126, 461, 355, 262, 1334, 286, 262, 1450, 1282, 287, 422, 262, 4692, 290, 262, 9583, 290, 2582, 262, 15707, 481, 2221, 13, 1736, 6962, 329, 6290, 326, 423, 1541, 587, 23085, 11, 329, 4167, 11, 329, 6088, 11, 329, 1204, 13, 1736, 6962, 286, 5176, 13992, 290, 286, 1842, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1115, 1450, 1280, 511, 11443, 3835, 11, 12666, 2832, 326, 423, 12118, 3868, 46874, 286, 670, 1126, 461, 813, 1210, 262, 5468, 13, 1119, 12835, 832, 2443, 416, 2443, 290, 996, 484, 1445, 6364, 11, 484, 466, 407, 13279, 13, 36110, 606, 314, 760, 612, 290, 788, 326, 511, 19131, 481, 407, 307, 27821, 2035, 645, 2300, 703, 867, 18138, 2486, 3607, 393, 703, 867, 5464, 8231, 262, 8661, 2056, 28488, 82, 503, 43969, 1075, 11, 4114, 3255, 290, 30819, 1710, 606, 329, 511, 9710, 4559, 17927, 286, 262, 1218, 2406, 286, 35216, 13, 198, 198, 2202, 484, 1210, 262, 5468, 290, 511, 2832, 466, 407, 13279, 13, 5334, 2832, 481, 407, 13279, 379, 262, 9231, 2035, 618, 484, 3015, 1028, 2486, 13, 1119, 389, 1365, 7981, 621, 262, 2056, 23660, 290, 262, 2055, 2766, 326, 2486, 25806, 896, 2314, 3151, 606, 13, 1119, 3015, 1912, 319, 257, 10869, 338, 1998, 326, 468, 7817, 606, 284, 760, 826, 422, 2642, 262, 1327, 835, 13, 12101, 511, 2056, 32800, 28986, 11, 484, 481, 407, 6004, 284, 2486, 24151, 338, 6763, 12484, 11, 1337, 546, 262, 44493, 22152, 1143, 19379, 393, 1254, 6717, 329, 597, 17188, 546, 2486, 13, 198, 198, 7583, 5023, 511, 28986, 484, 481, 467, 262, 9231, 287, 3744, 3146, 290, 28071, 11, 287, 968, 1971, 290, 287, 4744, 290, 287, 16830, 5348, 1973, 2253, 13, 1119, 836, 470, 760, 546, 9628, 2585, 393, 810, 511, 5690, 1244, 1266, 787, 257, 3580, 13, 1119, 836, 470, 3015, 351, 326, 1611, 286, 17952, 287, 2000, 13, 1119, 2391, 3015, 780, 340, 338, 262, 826, 1517, 284, 466, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 484, 481, 1239, 3015, 329, 257, 39564, 13, 628, 198, 50286, 16, 13, 1320, 338, 644, 314, 1101, 5137, 616, 4562, 287, 438, 5562, 661, 351, 2219, 2565, 290, 281, 2694, 284, 7564, 257, 39564, 618, 484, 766, 530, 13, 628, 50284, 2504, 5556, 4664, 4290, 1719, 257, 1029, 10765, 21666, 13, 628, 50286, 17, 13, 13408, 484, 389, 407, 8468, 13, 4650, 23481, 1064, 1982, 28370, 1165, 1468, 492, 355, 314, 4481, 546, 13, 198, 50284, 40, 2911, 484, 10787, 510, 326, 6205, 318, 262, 46264, 835, 284, 5968, 13, 628, 50286, 18, 13, 37399, 11, 1521, 1422, 470, 345, 2112, 8732, 2486, 338, 4046, 878, 317, 4061, 2246, 13, 8673, 345, 1100, 11396, 7459, 805, 338, 3781, 30, 628, 50284, 3886, 11396, 3944, 805, 628, 50284, 15948, 7991, 82, 317, 4061, 2246, 13, 2185, 1165, 13, 628, 198, 50284, 1858, 389, 867, 1243, 287, 428, 4046, 314, 716, 407, 3772, 351, 1390, 12890, 761, 257, 1181, 326, 318, 48627, 290, 763, 956, 85, 494, 4556, 3737, 340, 318, 287, 8078, 13, 7875, 14264, 1444, 329, 281, 3318, 452, 1384, 10843, 30, 5511, 30, 628, 50286, 19, 13, 2486, 318, 10162, 278, 5511, 338, 898, 1923, 13214, 1141, 465, 898, 3071, 11, 407, 284, 3068, 5073, 2605, 338, 898, 13214, 628, 198, 50284, 1, 1026, 1139, 2605, 11, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 12329, 422, 968, 1971, 290, 49981, 329, 262, 4390, 4787, 11872, 366, 6667, 17974, 326, 2692, 447, 247, 82, 826, 284, 2152, 287, 3747, 355, 257, 5582, 1181, 11, 351, 825, 27339, 11637, 290, 281, 3318, 452, 1384, 10843, 355, 663, 3139, 11, 5713, 422, 3685, 290, 8649, 11, 1276, 1239, 307, 11434, 526, 628, 50284, 7282, 287, 4751, 618, 339, 373, 2491, 329, 2607, 11, 5511, 1297, 347, 38600, 2490, 326, 339, 561, 1445, 262, 18613, 284, 10843, 355, 530, 286, 465, 717, 6529, 628, 50284, 34104, 1627, 11, 2687, 508, 6411, 5804, 1997, 257, 17471, 4540, 10497, 546, 2692, 287, 281, 3071, 1622, 318, 257, 2146, 261, 13, 628, 50284, 1639, 804, 379, 257, 14971, 338, 4469, 11, 465, 29614, 290, 644, 339, 4855, 878, 1923, 1622, 628, 50284, 4868, 3101, 284, 465, 10497, 379, 317, 4061, 2246, 290, 12597, 42541, 318, 838, 87, 940, 24513, 628, 50286, 20, 13, 1148, 428, 644, 345, 389, 9759, 284, 30, 628, 50284, 1, 13689, 326, 1227, 11, 14409, 284, 257, 2581, 416, 262, 1605, 5582, 4606, 284, 4822, 503, 465, 5009, 319, 2692, 290, 6046, 3687, 4167, 357, 64, 2581, 635, 925, 286, 11, 290, 23085, 416, 11, 11079, 1992, 17557, 828, 10807, 5511, 4884, 257, 32333, 17819, 286, 257, 1969, 471, 13, 50, 7874, 14040, 2776, 11, 1642, 340, 1598, 326, 339, 561, 366, 33770, 1302, 351, 2692, 553, 407, 2230, 284, 366, 15883, 2692, 17216, 284, 685, 17402, 338, 60, 898, 3352, 290, 35732, 2977, 1, 329, 4167, 11, 290, 561, 366, 12081, 18135, 287, 6085, 7024, 526, 628, 50284, 464, 10807, 1816, 772, 2252, 11, 5149, 25347, 34, 25, 366, 3666, 1104, 329, 2692, 318, 407, 26340, 319, 262, 8055, 286, 262, 4167, 1429, 13, 2253, 338, 2041, 2776, 351, 2692, 8555, 274, 290, 23589, 2412, 262, 4167, 1429, 13, 843, 2692, 338, 35177, 815, 760, 326, 287, 616, 3662, 11, 428, 2041, 2776, 481, 2555, 772, 611, 484, 2314, 2222, 2405, 284, 787, 2081, 4167, 351, 262, 5582, 1181, 13, 13742, 2073, 481, 1645, 618, 314, 1011, 2607, 287, 3269, 5878, 25, 314, 481, 900, 287, 6268, 3393, 262, 1429, 286, 3867, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 14791, 284, 262, 1748, 2692, 468, 7147, 355, 663, 3139, 11, 10843, 526, 2638, 1378, 2503, 13, 1872, 30482, 13, 2398, 13, 559, 14, 929, 19581, 14, 10707, 12, 405, 14, 2481, 27550, 13, 19211, 628, 50284, 1212, 373, 287, 257, 3850, 284, 25347, 34, 13, 7731, 5511, 787, 428, 13995, 287, 257, 4046, 355, 2486, 750, 7415, 30, 628, 50284, 36113, 13998, 465, 13995, 13, 679, 19837, 13, 770, 318, 262, 1738, 314, 892, 1770, 13, 5511, 318, 884, 257, 22444, 1692, 852, 26, 355, 345, 760, 314, 1975, 428, 13, 3423, 339, 3667, 284, 307, 257, 4642, 757, 4302, 11, 257, 582, 286, 2769, 4562, 287, 1793, 290, 339, 4952, 477, 777, 7363, 546, 2692, 366, 19596, 1112, 1, 4498, 1956, 26, 546, 262, 6771, 37743, 262, 12890, 11, 3503, 13, 5747, 339, 290, 13823, 466, 428, 13, 628, 50284, 40, 561, 4236, 356, 815, 407, 1011, 1171, 6299, 422, 7602, 5115, 2692, 1165, 6411, 475, 355, 2486, 531, 11, 366, 3987, 470, 1560, 502, 2456, 836, 470, 2300, 526, 628, 50284, 40, 1101, 1654, 345, 760, 11, 262, 4498, 995, 318, 287, 6380, 1909, 13, 1002, 2486, 318, 6095, 262, 3098, 12, 14040, 28318, 11, 3098, 12, 14040, 5510, 1605, 3015, 1377, 407, 32081, 287, 2846, 286, 3146, 1377, 994, 287, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 290, 262, 3765, 1605, 290, 3765, 12, 31602, 1605, 3015, 287, 262, 471, 13, 50, 1539, 339, 1816, 257, 890, 835, 284, 23775, 1096, 777, 2628, 13, 4162, 561, 339, 1011, 428, 2863, 611, 339, 547, 407, 287, 617, 835, 17082, 30, 679, 2540, 416, 2282, 339, 373, 1016, 284, 2740, 422, 262, 2612, 13, 632, 2331, 284, 502, 777, 2456, 389, 407, 32081, 13, 628, 50284, 15316, 11, 468, 14264, 16387, 339, 561, 1104, 281, 366, 917, 452, 1384, 10843, 1701, 628, 50286, 21, 13, 5511, 1422, 470, 761, 284, 6991, 281, 3318, 452, 1384, 10843, 736, 788, 11, 780, 27241, 10843, 2492, 470, 319, 262, 8666, 13, 628, 50284, 15948, 318, 11781, 340, 780, 340, 318, 319, 262, 8666, 783, 13, 628, 198, 50284, 37117, 836, 470, 2300, 13, 1892, 2456, 422, 7602, 2491, 329, 2607, 13, 1514, 736, 290, 804, 379, 644, 262, 938, 7684, 286, 35506, 8072, 6771, 618, 484, 547, 2491, 329, 2692, 11, 611, 345, 460, 470, 3785, 326, 503, 329, 3511, 13, 628, 50284, 15948, 1816, 284, 317, 4061, 2246, 290, 2826, 511, 983, 355, 523, 867, 35506, 423, 1760, 878, 683, 13, 628, 50284, 40, 1101, 1654, 262, 4498, 995, 481, 423, 642, 2431, 286, 35164, 326, 2486, 27445, 465, 7811, 878, 427, 622, 18792, 290, 2282, 11, 366, 39664, 340, 2753, 284, 651, 683, 7018, 526, 628, 198, 50284, 13300, 523, 13, 314, 1100, 257, 3704, 1909, 287, 262, 449, 13, 2947, 416, 34858, 3873, 259, 261, 13, 3873, 259, 261, 2630, 287, 636, 25, 366, 492, 1169, 4540, 508, 468, 523, 881, 286, 2253, 319, 2046, 468, 1364, 523, 867, 986, 4692, 287, 262, 1499, 338, 32807, 286, 1176, 986, 38169, 284, 2828, 287, 10843, 986, 3803, 318, 922, 11, 475, 618, 10843, 3073, 379, 663, 2776, 351, 2669, 11, 262, 4203, 318, 11, 366, 361, 340, 18959, 470, 6265, 11, 836, 470, 4259, 340, 9313, 628, 50284, 5211, 345, 760, 644, 314, 892, 546, 262, 27494, 286, 366, 10215, 6058, 669, 286, 1176, 1, 287, 10843, 30, 383, 32807, 286, 1176, 287, 10843, 389, 546, 355, 1877, 319, 262, 6573, 5046, 355, 345, 460, 651, 13, 770, 318, 262, 1266, 17819, 2692, 338, 10622, 2766, 714, 1577, 2486, 30, 628, 50284, 13710, 345, 389, 3910, 612, 389, 6771, 508, 1104, 2486, 329, 428, 845, 1738, 13, 383, 32807, 286, 1176, 287, 2692, 836, 470, 3774, 683, 13, 4525, 5511, 11, 484, 3774, 14264, 13, 628, 50286, 23, 13, 314, 1183, 1011, 534, 1115, 1468, 1450, 355, 5871, 11, 37399, 13, 26460, 532, 314, 760, 356, 714, 3774, 13, 314, 635, 892, 326, 644, 484, 550, 284, 910, 318, 703, 340, 481, 670, 13, 632, 743, 407, 651, 514, 262, 1266, 11, 475, 314, 2911, 356, 379, 1551, 651, 262, 1551, 13568, 13, 628, 50286, 24, 13, 2486, 11, 508, 318, 1464, 517, 621, 4684, 284, 3714, 2687, 739, 257, 1323, 284, 651, 257, 3015, 393, 281, 705, 482, 323, 6, 481, 910, 4232, 2476, 284, 307, 531, 546, 6771, 11, 10843, 290, 523, 12, 7174, 3246, 1181, 286, 3175, 440, 6, 7447, 259, 13, 628, 50284, 464, 582, 318, 257, 31866, 508, 10408, 884, 1450, 355, 3370, 289, 729, 6755, 17716, 7637, 290, 12206, 290, 350, 27919, 1362, 290, 32724, 77, 8158, 351, 8805, 26127, 588, 13709, 364, 13, 198, 50284, 817, 8040, 326, 339, 16609, 546, 2692, 318, 25607, 12838, 3612, 628, 50286, 940, 13, 6542, 11, 534, 9377, 4582, 389, 41439, 355, 1683, 628, 50284, 1525, 534, 9156, 612, 318, 257, 1049, 1730, 286, 5490, 546, 4068, 287, 2692, 338, 32807, 286, 1176, 628, 50284, 20063, 306, 345, 815, 1104, 4068, 329, 326, 1738, 11, 355, 345, 1104, 2486, 628, 50284, 392, 355, 345, 389, 645, 4719, 3910, 612, 389, 6771, 508, 1104, 4068, 329, 326, 845, 1738, 628, 50286, 1157, 13, 314, 460, 470, 1975, 2687, 561, 307, 13526, 1576, 284, 1107, 1011, 2486, 338, 3667, 546, 2692, 6411, 13, 9425, 11, 339, 531, 339, 3382, 2692, 284, 307, 257, 2060, 1181, 475, 1422, 470, 910, 1771, 326, 2060, 1181, 815, 307, 5582, 393, 3765, 13, 628, 50284, 1639, 836, 470, 761, 284, 307, 257, 10701, 11444, 284, 3785, 428, 530, 503, 13, 628, 50286, 1065, 13, 19200, 21, 14, 21, 14, 2919, 628, 50284, 1858, 389, 691, 546, 642, 1465, 72, 295, 661, 287, 262, 1294, 508, 5911, 355, 6771, 13, 978, 313, 286, 883, 389, 6709, 329, 2486, 13, 3412, 611, 612, 389, 661, 588, 777, 508, 760, 1365, 621, 284, 1742, 683, 11, 340, 338, 8941, 1223, 284, 1577, 514, 257, 2565, 286, 2324, 546, 262, 8055, 286, 262, 3071, 13, 628, 50286, 1485, 13, 37399, 11, 2692, 338, 32807, 286, 1176, 423, 922, 1738, 284, 5490, 546, 4068, 290, 314, 4099, 2486, 338, 6241, 4684, 710, 408, 284, 16674, 351, 4068, 338, 34082, 2766, 2148, 2692, 338, 32807, 286, 1176, 772, 517, 1738, 329, 2328, 290, 22956, 523, 13, 8962, 2486, 5729, 468, 407, 1100, 21400, 609, 794, 359, 338, 366, 464, 36397, 8865, 526, 628, 50284, 464, 4220, 1627, 287, 616, 1570, 11, 2253, 318, 407, 1884, 284, 719, 1028, 4068, 338, 45419, 4523, 5043, 26, 772, 257, 1992, 1757, 14264, 318, 407, 1884, 284, 719, 1028, 4068, 13, 3399, 11, 5023, 21137, 11, 416, 290, 1588, 466, 407, 766, 4068, 355, 281, 7103, 28954, 2372, 13, 1675, 502, 11, 428, 318, 1790, 44068, 13, 314, 1975, 340, 318, 262, 11202, 2158, 13, 628, 50284, 19093, 287, 616, 4459, 11, 2692, 2476, 284, 719, 1028, 4068, 338, 4523, 5043, 44486, 1035, 2595, 286, 262, 7476, 13, 383, 14556, 2692, 338, 32807, 286, 1176, 1833, 428, 262, 1365, 13, 2253, 481, 407, 3613, 2692, 422, 4068, 13, 628, 50284, 14040, 338, 2766, 11, 7725, 326, 257, 1992, 1757, 14264, 481, 719, 38726, 2280, 1028, 4068, 1244, 5879, 10309, 329, 2692, 13, 628, 50284, 2202, 257, 3519, 2300, 11, 340, 318, 2098, 11, 471, 13, 50, 13, 8708, 10665, 4606, 318, 2045, 379, 16842, 262, 3958, 319, 4200, 286, 262, 376, 12, 1828, 12644, 10543, 284, 2692, 13, 376, 12, 1828, 460, 3368, 13428, 13326, 13, 628, 50284, 1639, 910, 314, 1104, 2486, 329, 471, 13, 50, 13, 1893, 13, 29051, 12698, 314, 466, 407, 760, 644, 314, 481, 466, 1282, 3389, 13, 632, 318, 7485, 314, 481, 3015, 329, 8962, 14264, 13, 775, 1183, 766, 13, 314, 1053, 587, 1297, 340, 318, 6228, 503, 2642, 284, 2391, 1210, 262, 2443, 13, 4231, 345, 286, 428, 1570, 30, 628, 50284, 40, 1244, 2074, 6709, 329, 1757, 14264, 815, 339, 9575, 3415, 2151, 2450, 326, 783, 6971, 262, 9323, 286, 257, 8501, 3246, 1181, 287, 262, 7439, 6379, 26, 6971, 262, 9450, 32784, 286, 6771, 422, 2692, 338, 1793, 12, 35569, 1956, 13, 10358, 14264, 42405, 9386, 428, 31756, 2450, 26, 815, 339, 12260, 257, 2450, 27138, 379, 674, 2260, 2151, 9831, 428, 2932, 532, 2693, 11, 314, 1244, 2074, 6709, 329, 1757, 14264, 13, 628, 50286, 1415, 13, 262, 1808, 2125, 470, 262, 1306, 1893, 481, 1368, 4068, 11, 996, 14264, 743, 880, 466, 340, 981, 2486, 481, 1011, 4831, 284, 766, 326, 2692, 318, 13351, 422, 9008, 4068, 986, 628, 50284, 1169, 1808, 318, 644, 1611, 286, 2223, 339, 481, 1011, 1028, 2692, 628, 50284, 4480, 281, 2486, 3662, 11, 345, 651, 262, 661, 287, 1176, 508, 1104, 35917, 4068, 290, 13897, 318, 2510, 628, 198, 50286, 1314, 13, 1168, 65, 570, 769, 1709, 2736, 46394, 318, 5600, 257, 14343, 19168, 13, 628, 50284, 40, 892, 345, 760, 616, 2292, 13, 1867, 2253, 290, 2692, 389, 6476, 318, 257, 1277, 1255, 286, 5511, 338, 598, 30412, 972, 4788, 1281, 16679, 11, 3938, 4855, 416, 262, 3415, 2151, 9323, 355, 880, 355, 5940, 290, 3415, 2151, 7941, 13, 4734, 1244, 2834, 340, 572, 287, 3389, 996, 314, 4240, 611, 262, 6796, 468, 2106, 290, 9538, 319, 663, 1735, 13, 4619, 345, 3068, 22418, 287, 534, 3704, 11, 2074, 262, 1708, 25, 628, 50284, 33604, 3698, 39225, 1340, 11, 3180, 3861, 3698, 40, 4810, 12789, 20625, 41517, 25, 564, 250, 40, 869, 319, 262, 4885, 40416, 290, 7525, 262, 3554, 286, 262, 1479, 995, 11, 262, 1578, 1829, 25, 2141, 407, 9585, 262, 35483, 7457, 286, 28017, 618, 34964, 3427, 40416, 3066, 284, 11728, 16639, 50005, 21897, 329, 257, 11282, 8584, 4610, 13, 2141, 407, 1949, 284, 47316, 262, 22457, 319, 674, 10907, 13, 770, 318, 18010, 284, 514, 13, 2692, 481, 407, 307, 16639, 50005, 21897, 13, 2692, 481, 1907, 8649, 13, 447, 251, 628, 50284, 14040, 290, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 10001, 5634, 287, 257, 5094, 1338, 265, 198, 50284, 32, 1202, 3267, 718, 11, 5878, 532, 7769, 25, 2481, 12152, 628, 198, 50284, 47118, 32957, 11, 8100, 44738, 41254, 44925, 46586, 23929, 19535, 47, 18672, 3525, 25, 1081, 262, 1893, 8404, 284, 1382, 428, 3230, 9906, 11, 257, 1688, 2496, 286, 262, 2635, 2097, 3626, 11, 10768, 4498, 7027, 13, 887, 355, 262, 1893, 12229, 503, 284, 262, 4498, 995, 11, 617, 15733, 290, 21196, 19861, 14525, 736, 290, 6071, 1022, 262, 1578, 1829, 290, 257, 890, 12, 640, 12525, 13, 628, 50284, 7, 3646, 2286, 287, 4732, 25, 911, 856, 88, 12088, 2763, 72, 11, 257, 6046, 3687, 5887, 379, 262, 2059, 286, 10769, 11, 14386, 326, 5511, 15832, 925, 4441, 257, 8501, 1181, 262, 3061, 286, 471, 13, 50, 13, 2450, 11, 5688, 284, 5198, 284, 262, 3765, 995, 379, 257, 640, 618, 262, 1578, 1829, 550, 7384, 8037, 13, 2638, 1378, 2503, 13, 86, 2542, 7353, 13, 785, 14, 24142, 12, 67, 2047, 14, 11299, 14, 20205, 14, 14315, 14, 940, 14, 3023, 14, 1503, 14315, 3064, 21844, 33289, 13, 6494, 8, 628, 198, 50284, 7, 38888, 12, 2502, 2599, 317, 39854, 706, 257, 4071, 290, 19861, 1175, 286, 2456, 1022, 2692, 290, 262, 1578, 1829, 13, 554, 257, 2643, 4884, 2739, 3217, 11, 6085, 5537, 4139, 33364, 26918, 4367, 262, 11, 9577, 11, 366, 22089, 14738, 290, 2041, 2776, 1, 1022, 262, 734, 7027, 290, 3664, 7241, 1992, 5511, 329, 257, 11, 9577, 11, 366, 36575, 290, 34010, 2551, 284, 1907, 8649, 526, 628, 50284, 1026, 373, 281, 546, 12, 2550, 422, 257, 1110, 2961, 11, 618, 26918, 44416, 503, 13, 628, 50284, 37286, 25, 1867, 31997, 2669, 749, 373, 26918, 338, 7208, 284, 2031, 269, 8228, 3354, 286, 16639, 50005, 21897, 284, 11908, 11, 9524, 326, 287, 663, 8361, 3626, 284, 2184, 4498, 7027, 329, 262, 9906, 1028, 8649, 11, 262, 1578, 1829, 373, 6225, 663, 736, 319, 2692, 338, 2324, 13, 628, 50284, 33604, 376, 2538, 1797, 3398, 1137, 11, 44925, 46586, 6226, 11380, 1546, 10725, 25, 383, 1893, 5804, 326, 777, 10252, 389, 18010, 13, 2692, 460, 423, 645, 1365, 393, 7387, 1545, 621, 262, 1578, 1829, 11, 290, 1365, 1545, 621, 1992, 5511, 13, 628, 50284, 37286, 25, 4986, 286, 1812, 18373, 1444, 26918, 1752, 284, 3809, 262, 1893, 338, 47313, 11, 788, 757, 1568, 11, 706, 262, 6994, 5342, 4987, 284, 2071, 257, 1673, 2403, 2870, 2643, 1106, 1, 628, 50284, 36113, 925, 262, 9323, 286, 257, 8501, 3246, 1181, 287, 2692, 257, 8766, 3061, 286, 471, 13, 50, 13, 2450, 379, 257, 640, 618, 5511, 373, 546, 284, 30419, 8037, 26, 1568, 3908, 13, 5511, 7194, 284, 2822, 572, 4498, 36374, 416, 32698, 2692, 13, 4502, 370, 13, 5511, 1234, 9812, 3833, 319, 33364, 26918, 284, 33760, 7674, 284, 262, 8501, 31395, 287, 262, 23469, 2911, 339, 1244, 47316, 674, 867, 4498, 5775, 4150, 5511, 3848, 366, 36154, 526, 26918, 338, 16639, 50005, 21897, 23970, 373, 262, 1774, 530, 13, 11161, 339, 691, 6204, 416, 340, 2427, 286, 46163, 422, 1793, 12, 35569, 1956, 0, 628, 50284, 3844, 356, 423, 257, 2786, 3929, 3773, 11, 1863, 351, 7396, 3056, 4536, 11, 262, 3415, 338, 5290, 17123, 13, 1892, 691, 326, 11, 356, 1053, 1392, 257, 4939, 3415, 4540, 508, 318, 6986, 8756, 803, 465, 5940, 2779, 287, 257, 23469, 3626, 284, 3151, 503, 284, 4446, 319, 262, 1364, 290, 262, 3504, 13, 628, 50284, 7554, 14264, 2252, 6196, 23775, 1143, 5242, 286, 4302, 4446, 416, 474, 3087, 1653, 278, 262, 1104, 286, 257, 3155, 286, 1029, 12, 13317, 386, 12, 14040, 4302, 14138, 508, 4968, 262, 5511, 1220, 7420, 2975, 3975, 13, 314, 1101, 407, 1654, 477, 428, 275, 4147, 880, 329, 262, 4734, 13, 775, 1183, 766, 13, 314, 3729, 423, 645, 1630, 625, 995, 2995, 13, 314, 1975, 612, 389, 1243, 287, 674, 2832, 290, 612, 389, 1243, 3675, 674, 1630, 13, 770, 743, 307, 530, 286, 883, 812, 13, 5511, 290, 262, 4734, 743, 423, 3750, 1165, 1290, 287, 511, 1175, 1028, 1793, 338, 1956, 290, 2399, 661, 13, 1320, 318, 644, 428, 318, 546, 37399, 13, 1081, 257, 3370, 345, 815, 760, 428, 318, 546, 2692, 13, 383, 835, 2253, 18432, 2692, 318, 4318, 284, 1793, 338, 28173, 351, 16660, 13, 366, 40, 481, 12012, 883, 508, 12012, 345, 290, 262, 530, 508, 43878, 345, 11, 314, 481, 17328, 526, 628, 50284, 36113, 468, 290, 318, 49766, 16660, 290, 465, 25321, 13, 2750, 597, 3210, 286, 3953, 339, 468, 25155, 514, 13, 628, 50286, 1433, 13, 5511, 318, 13769, 262, 966, 994, 783, 13, 628, 50284, 464, 4220, 1627, 318, 356, 651, 284, 3853, 1022, 2486, 290, 14264, 290, 772, 611, 14264, 8012, 947, 5511, 338, 4788, 11, 340, 1595, 470, 772, 2221, 284, 8996, 284, 281, 2486, 2635, 2097, 326, 481, 12525, 2346, 351, 2692, 338, 5775, 628, 50284, 392, 345, 1244, 765, 284, 3505, 326, 340, 373, 262, 10831, 8694, 326, 2486, 318, 28625, 284, 11, 543, 2540, 262, 2187, 6772, 286, 1956, 329, 4167, 7529, 628, 50286, 1558, 13, 843, 644, 611, 1793, 19769, 2486, 11, 287, 1502, 284, 1332, 514, 30, 1867, 481, 345, 290, 5940, 7941, 466, 30, 628, 50284, 1639, 481, 423, 284, 1907, 683, 13, 628, 50284, 18521, 644, 356, 1053, 1775, 351, 262, 5940, 3356, 338, 4632, 42927, 9550, 287, 262, 1986, 286, 262, 6181, 1770, 13, 5511, 468, 1760, 284, 674, 691, 12525, 287, 262, 6046, 3687, 1377, 345, 481, 423, 284, 1907, 8732, 2486, 338, 790, 1445, 13, 628, 50284, 2061, 318, 262, 5408, 30, 366, 464, 691, 1517, 3306, 329, 6181, 284, 15499, 9313, 628, 50284, 10248, 1450, 423, 1760, 2147, 319, 262, 5511, 2342, 13, 10461, 318, 319, 262, 4485, 13, 1793, 338, 2045, 329, 257, 1178, 922, 1450, 13, 314, 836, 470, 766, 597, 13, 2141, 345, 30, 628, 50284, 1, 3844, 262, 4453, 2497, 13, 198, 50284, 1870, 679, 2497, 612, 373, 645, 582, 526, 628, 50286, 1507, 13, 1867, 611, 1793, 7690, 11908, 284, 1332, 514, 30, 1867, 611, 1793, 7690, 345, 284, 2632, 633, 890, 41439, 3100, 601, 507, 30, 628, 50284, 2061, 356, 821, 2111, 284, 1907, 318, 262, 4485, 286, 6181, 13, 1867, 345, 2897, 318, 47370, 14607, 24959, 416, 2614, 35987, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
4,947
Escaping a despot, to a brutal frontier. Men wage war on the surface. The Dwarves greed has turned underground tombs into fortresses where they practice their art of runes upon their ancestors, fleshcrafting the dead. Elves, callous and capricious are all beset with madness. Halflings and half-men and their many rows of teeth, prey upon the moral failings of men. Main WIki Page The Shadow of a Dream nexusphere wheelerjamesr jason_workman_77 Kiera_Moon AmandaHarlan
[ 47051, 9269, 257, 11267, 313, 11, 284, 257, 12399, 27580, 13, 198, 198, 10418, 7699, 1175, 319, 262, 4417, 13, 198, 464, 21469, 1158, 25474, 468, 2900, 11447, 16667, 1443, 656, 6285, 16746, 810, 484, 3357, 511, 1242, 286, 32326, 2402, 511, 18668, 11, 11222, 3323, 278, 262, 2636, 13, 198, 9527, 1158, 11, 869, 516, 290, 1451, 1173, 699, 389, 477, 7284, 316, 351, 23208, 13, 198, 31305, 17783, 290, 2063, 12, 3653, 290, 511, 867, 15274, 286, 9941, 11, 15974, 2402, 262, 6573, 46622, 286, 1450, 13, 198, 198, 13383, 29360, 4106, 7873, 198, 198, 464, 8843, 286, 257, 7610, 198, 198, 12413, 17723, 1456, 7825, 263, 73, 1047, 81, 474, 888, 62, 1818, 805, 62, 3324, 39717, 64, 62, 31640, 23040, 39, 7063, 272, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
128
Rio Olympics 2016: Cyber crime a major threat Cyber security experts have warned tourists in Rio de Janeiro for the Olympics that the risks to their physical safety are not their only concern, cautioning that the country will be a hot spot for cyber crime during the Games. A new study from IBM has revealed that Brazil ranks fourth in the world in terms of monetary losses to cyber crime and suffers from the second highest number of online banking fraud and financial malware attacks globally. IBM Security executive security adviser Limor Kessem told The Australian Financial Review that cyber criminals like to "go where the action is" and are drawn to events such as the Olympics. </p> Brian A Jackson "When there's a big sporting event, it's a huge driver for them, and an opportunity to brand everything they do with the theme ... we'll definitely see a spike," she said. "It happened with the 2014 World Cup and with the London Olympics and now it's happening with all sporting events. How successful they are depends on how people react, but they look at what people are doing, like searching for last-minute tickets or official merchandise and lure them into websites saying they're selling tickets or merchandise." During the 2008 Beijing Olympics there were more than 12 million cyber attacks a day and since then sports events have been a common target. In the London 2012 Olympics, the team of cyber professionals assembled for the Games defended 11,000 malicious requests per second and blocked 212 million malicious connection attempts and in 2016 the number of attempted attacks are likely to be even higher. Major cyber threats to foreigners in Rio include mobile point-of-sale (mPOS) scams wherein criminals use malware-infected mPOS devices to skim credit card information and Olympic-themed mobile phishing or malware applications, which offer Olympic-related services. These will aggressively push ads that redirect users to phishing sites where criminals will overlay fake screens to demand ransom from the users, or install malware on the device to ultimately steal credentials and personal data from the victims. IBM's X-Force special report on Brazil found that the cost of cyber attacks was increasing, with Brazil losing more than $US8 billion to internet crime in 2014 and in 2015 bank fraud cost the country's top institutions more than $US615 million. Zeus Panda threat A new threat has also recently hit the country known as Zeus Panda, a trojan virus that targets banks and online payments. Zeus Panda first appeared in Brazil in July and was set to infect users of 10 Brazilian banks, as well as stealing the credentials of those using Bitcoin exchange platforms, payment card services and online payments providers. Ms Kessem said it was no coincidence that Zeus Panda had arrived in Brazil just in time for the Olympics. "Zeus Panda is a step-up in sophistication too. In Brazil, it's often the same types of malware the appear that aren't very considered or sophisticated but Zeus Panda is not typically what we see in this geography." "It can affect anyone because malware is able to get into anyone's inbox, or it can be downloaded from poisonous websites, but for the most part it's targeting Brazilian entities." Ms Kessem said it was not surprising that Brazil, which has a high crime rate, was a target for cyber criminals, because most cyber crime was now orchestrated by organised crime groups. "If we look at the world today, cyber crime has turned into a 21st century mafia. Eighty per cent of it these days is organised crime," she said. The volume of cyber threats in Brazil has spiked in the lead-up to the Olympics, with a study from Fortinet also finding that in June the country's percentage growth in malicious URLs was 83 per cent, in contrast to 16 per cent globally. Fortinet Australia and New Zealand network and security strategist Jack Chan said the Games was driving the increased activity. "In an event such as the Rio Olympics, cyber criminals often take advantage of increased communication and the likelihood of users clicking on say, an event-related email, is likely," he said. Mr Chan said the athletes could also fall victim to a cyber attack. "Often large-scale events like this are considered the 'crown jewel' for cyber criminals. During the Olympics context, things such as athletes' records, drug tests results, infrastructure or databases that this data lives are often seen as high value targets." Yolanda Redrup Most Viewed In Technology
[ 198, 198, 49, 952, 14935, 1584, 25, 15101, 4065, 257, 1688, 2372, 628, 198, 20418, 527, 2324, 6154, 423, 7728, 15930, 287, 15338, 390, 42799, 329, 262, 14935, 326, 262, 7476, 284, 511, 3518, 3747, 389, 407, 511, 691, 2328, 11, 13041, 278, 326, 262, 1499, 481, 307, 257, 3024, 4136, 329, 10075, 4065, 1141, 262, 5776, 13, 198, 198, 32, 649, 2050, 422, 19764, 468, 4602, 326, 7595, 9803, 5544, 287, 262, 995, 287, 2846, 286, 15331, 9089, 284, 10075, 4065, 290, 21046, 422, 262, 1218, 4511, 1271, 286, 2691, 11754, 7394, 290, 3176, 18953, 3434, 18309, 13, 198, 198, 9865, 44, 4765, 4640, 2324, 12534, 7576, 273, 509, 35270, 76, 1297, 383, 6638, 11302, 6602, 326, 10075, 12954, 588, 284, 366, 2188, 810, 262, 2223, 318, 1, 290, 389, 7428, 284, 2995, 884, 355, 262, 14935, 13, 198, 198, 3556, 79, 29, 1849, 24761, 317, 6612, 198, 198, 1, 2215, 612, 338, 257, 1263, 17702, 1785, 11, 340, 338, 257, 3236, 4639, 329, 606, 11, 290, 281, 3663, 284, 4508, 2279, 484, 466, 351, 262, 7505, 2644, 356, 1183, 4753, 766, 257, 20240, 553, 673, 531, 13, 198, 198, 1, 1026, 3022, 351, 262, 1946, 2159, 5454, 290, 351, 262, 3576, 14935, 290, 783, 340, 338, 5836, 351, 477, 17702, 2995, 13, 1374, 4388, 484, 389, 8338, 319, 703, 661, 6324, 11, 475, 484, 804, 379, 644, 661, 389, 1804, 11, 588, 10342, 329, 938, 12, 11374, 8587, 393, 1743, 20813, 290, 26166, 606, 656, 9293, 2282, 484, 821, 6301, 8587, 393, 20813, 526, 628, 198, 7191, 262, 3648, 11618, 14935, 612, 547, 517, 621, 1105, 1510, 10075, 3434, 257, 1110, 290, 1201, 788, 5701, 2995, 423, 587, 257, 2219, 2496, 13, 198, 198, 818, 262, 3576, 2321, 14935, 11, 262, 1074, 286, 10075, 11153, 16030, 329, 262, 5776, 13768, 1367, 11, 830, 17412, 7007, 583, 1218, 290, 10226, 23679, 1510, 17412, 4637, 6370, 290, 287, 1584, 262, 1271, 286, 7482, 3434, 389, 1884, 284, 307, 772, 2440, 13, 198, 198, 24206, 10075, 7432, 284, 19670, 287, 15338, 2291, 5175, 966, 12, 1659, 12, 21378, 357, 76, 37997, 8, 41718, 22881, 12954, 779, 18953, 12, 27816, 276, 285, 37997, 4410, 284, 39080, 3884, 2657, 1321, 290, 11514, 12, 26966, 5175, 872, 3929, 393, 18953, 5479, 11, 543, 2897, 11514, 12, 5363, 2594, 13, 2312, 481, 19855, 4574, 9011, 326, 18941, 2985, 284, 872, 3929, 5043, 810, 12954, 481, 33345, 8390, 8947, 284, 3512, 26424, 422, 262, 2985, 11, 393, 2721, 18953, 319, 262, 3335, 284, 6165, 8711, 18031, 290, 2614, 1366, 422, 262, 4970, 13, 198, 198, 9865, 44, 338, 1395, 12, 10292, 2041, 989, 319, 7595, 1043, 326, 262, 1575, 286, 10075, 3434, 373, 3649, 11, 351, 7595, 6078, 517, 621, 720, 2937, 23, 2997, 284, 5230, 4065, 287, 1946, 290, 287, 1853, 3331, 7394, 1575, 262, 1499, 338, 1353, 6712, 517, 621, 720, 2937, 47007, 1510, 13, 198, 198, 57, 27650, 41112, 2372, 198, 198, 32, 649, 2372, 468, 635, 2904, 2277, 262, 1499, 1900, 355, 20620, 41112, 11, 257, 4161, 13881, 9471, 326, 6670, 6341, 290, 2691, 7524, 13, 198, 198, 57, 27650, 41112, 717, 4120, 287, 7595, 287, 2901, 290, 373, 900, 284, 7580, 2985, 286, 838, 17036, 6341, 11, 355, 880, 355, 16568, 262, 18031, 286, 883, 1262, 6185, 5163, 9554, 11, 6074, 2657, 2594, 290, 2691, 7524, 9549, 13, 198, 198, 10128, 509, 35270, 76, 531, 340, 373, 645, 21083, 326, 20620, 41112, 550, 5284, 287, 7595, 655, 287, 640, 329, 262, 14935, 13, 628, 198, 1, 57, 27650, 41112, 318, 257, 2239, 12, 929, 287, 44809, 1165, 13, 554, 7595, 11, 340, 338, 1690, 262, 976, 3858, 286, 18953, 262, 1656, 326, 3588, 470, 845, 3177, 393, 13767, 475, 20620, 41112, 318, 407, 6032, 644, 356, 766, 287, 428, 27876, 526, 198, 198, 1, 1026, 460, 2689, 2687, 780, 18953, 318, 1498, 284, 651, 656, 2687, 338, 13734, 11, 393, 340, 460, 307, 15680, 422, 32199, 9293, 11, 475, 329, 262, 749, 636, 340, 338, 10822, 17036, 12066, 526, 198, 198, 10128, 509, 35270, 76, 531, 340, 373, 407, 6452, 326, 7595, 11, 543, 468, 257, 1029, 4065, 2494, 11, 373, 257, 2496, 329, 10075, 12954, 11, 780, 749, 10075, 4065, 373, 783, 37728, 416, 20325, 4065, 2628, 13, 198, 198, 1, 1532, 356, 804, 379, 262, 995, 1909, 11, 10075, 4065, 468, 2900, 656, 257, 2310, 301, 4289, 44371, 13, 412, 14400, 583, 1247, 286, 340, 777, 1528, 318, 20325, 4065, 553, 673, 531, 13, 198, 198, 464, 6115, 286, 10075, 7432, 287, 7595, 468, 38927, 287, 262, 1085, 12, 929, 284, 262, 14935, 11, 351, 257, 2050, 422, 6401, 42504, 635, 4917, 326, 287, 2795, 262, 1499, 338, 5873, 3349, 287, 17412, 32336, 373, 9698, 583, 1247, 11, 287, 6273, 284, 1467, 583, 1247, 18309, 13, 198, 198, 21926, 42504, 4505, 290, 968, 8936, 3127, 290, 2324, 25651, 3619, 18704, 531, 262, 5776, 373, 5059, 262, 3220, 3842, 13, 198, 198, 1, 818, 281, 1785, 884, 355, 262, 15338, 14935, 11, 10075, 12954, 1690, 1011, 4621, 286, 3220, 6946, 290, 262, 14955, 286, 2985, 12264, 319, 910, 11, 281, 1785, 12, 5363, 3053, 11, 318, 1884, 553, 339, 531, 13, 198, 198, 5246, 18704, 531, 262, 10856, 714, 635, 2121, 3117, 284, 257, 10075, 1368, 13, 198, 198, 1, 37288, 1588, 12, 9888, 2995, 588, 428, 389, 3177, 262, 705, 66, 2053, 16927, 6, 329, 10075, 12954, 13, 5856, 262, 14935, 4732, 11, 1243, 884, 355, 10856, 6, 4406, 11, 2563, 5254, 2482, 11, 6884, 393, 20083, 326, 428, 1366, 3160, 389, 1690, 1775, 355, 1029, 1988, 6670, 526, 198, 198, 56, 349, 5282, 2297, 12618, 198, 198, 6943, 3582, 276, 554, 8987, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
945
Those Who Learn from Their Suffering 36 1Here Elihu took a deep breath, but kept going:   2“Stay with me a little longer. I’ll convince you. There’s still more to be said on God’s side. 3I learned all this firsthand from the Source; everything I know about justice I owe to my Maker himself. 4Trust me, I’m giving you undiluted truth; believe me, I know these things inside and out.   5“It’s true that God is all–powerful, but he doesn’t bully innocent people. 6For the wicked, though, it’s a different story— he doesn’t give them the time of day, but champions the rights of their victims. 7He never takes his eyes off the righteous; he honors them lavishly, promotes them endlessly. 8When things go badly, when affliction and suffering descend, 9God tells them where they’ve gone wrong, shows them how their pride has caused their trouble. 10He forces them to heed his warning, tells them they must repent of their bad life. 11If they obey and serve him, they’ll have a good, long life on easy street. 12But if they disobey, they’ll be cut down in their prime and never know the first thing about life. 13Angry people without God pile grievance upon grievance, always blaming others for their troubles. 14Living it up in sexual excesses, virility wasted, they die young. 15But those who learn from their suffering, God delivers from their suffering.   Obsessed with Putting the Blame on God   16“Oh, Job, don’t you see how God’s wooing you from the jaws of danger? How he’s drawing you into wide–open places— inviting you to feast at a table laden with blessings? 17And here you are laden with the guilt of the wicked, obsessed with putting the blame on God! 18Don’t let your great riches mislead you; don’t think you can bribe your way out of this. 19Did you plan to buy your way out of this? Not on your life! 20And don’t think that night, when people sleep off their troubles, will bring you any relief. 21Above all, don’t make things worse with more evil— that’s what’s behind your suffering as it is!   22“Do you have any idea how powerful God is? Have you ever heard of a teacher like him? 23Has anyone ever had to tell him what to do, or correct him, saying, ‘You did that all wrong!’? 24Remember, then, to praise his workmanship, which is so often celebrated in song. 25Everybody sees it; nobody is too far away to see it.   No One Can Escape from God   26“Take a long, hard look. See how great he is—infinite, greater than anything you could ever imagine or figure out!   27“He pulls water up out of the sea, distills it, and fills up his rain–cloud cisterns. 28Then the skies open up and pour out soaking showers on everyone. 29Does anyone have the slightest idea how this happens? How he arranges the clouds, how he speaks in thunder? 30Just look at that lightning, his sky–filling light show illumining the dark depths of the sea! 31These are the symbols of his sovereignty, his generosity, his loving care. 32He hurls arrows of light, taking sure and accurate aim. 33The High God roars in the thunder, angry against evil.” Can i read the Bible on my phone/tablet? Selected Verses
[ 9627, 5338, 14365, 422, 5334, 24974, 1586, 1849, 2623, 352, 4342, 2574, 48406, 1718, 257, 2769, 8033, 11, 475, 4030, 1016, 25, 5624, 362, 447, 250, 25681, 351, 502, 257, 1310, 2392, 13, 314, 447, 247, 297, 11508, 345, 13, 1318, 447, 247, 82, 991, 517, 284, 307, 531, 319, 1793, 447, 247, 82, 1735, 13, 513, 40, 4499, 477, 428, 37318, 422, 262, 8090, 26, 2279, 314, 760, 546, 5316, 314, 19059, 284, 616, 21521, 2241, 13, 604, 33814, 502, 11, 314, 447, 247, 76, 3501, 345, 3318, 346, 7241, 3872, 26, 1975, 502, 11, 314, 760, 777, 1243, 2641, 290, 503, 13, 5624, 642, 447, 250, 1026, 447, 247, 82, 2081, 326, 1793, 318, 477, 1906, 44548, 11, 475, 339, 1595, 447, 247, 83, 27410, 10218, 661, 13, 718, 1890, 262, 20589, 11, 996, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 257, 1180, 1621, 960, 339, 1595, 447, 247, 83, 1577, 606, 262, 640, 286, 1110, 11, 475, 7827, 262, 2489, 286, 511, 4970, 13, 767, 1544, 1239, 2753, 465, 2951, 572, 262, 19539, 26, 339, 25279, 606, 21606, 29735, 11, 21068, 606, 33903, 13, 807, 2215, 1243, 467, 11234, 11, 618, 1527, 41101, 290, 7195, 15350, 11, 860, 13482, 4952, 606, 810, 484, 447, 247, 303, 3750, 2642, 11, 2523, 606, 703, 511, 11293, 468, 4073, 511, 5876, 13, 838, 1544, 3386, 606, 284, 32420, 465, 6509, 11, 4952, 606, 484, 1276, 28787, 286, 511, 2089, 1204, 13, 1367, 1532, 484, 22389, 290, 4691, 683, 11, 484, 447, 247, 297, 423, 257, 922, 11, 890, 1204, 319, 2562, 4675, 13, 1105, 1537, 611, 484, 30163, 2959, 11, 484, 447, 247, 297, 307, 2005, 866, 287, 511, 6994, 290, 1239, 760, 262, 717, 1517, 546, 1204, 13, 1511, 13450, 563, 661, 1231, 1793, 14540, 47645, 2402, 47645, 11, 1464, 24630, 1854, 329, 511, 14979, 13, 1478, 36376, 340, 510, 287, 3206, 6992, 274, 11, 5709, 879, 18359, 11, 484, 4656, 1862, 13, 1315, 1537, 883, 508, 2193, 422, 511, 7195, 11, 1793, 16316, 422, 511, 7195, 13, 5624, 11086, 6676, 351, 39956, 262, 1086, 480, 319, 1793, 5624, 1467, 447, 250, 5812, 11, 15768, 11, 836, 447, 247, 83, 345, 766, 703, 1793, 447, 247, 82, 36440, 278, 345, 422, 262, 39940, 286, 3514, 30, 1374, 339, 447, 247, 82, 8263, 345, 656, 3094, 1906, 9654, 4113, 960, 23310, 345, 284, 26951, 379, 257, 3084, 9717, 268, 351, 28388, 30, 1596, 1870, 994, 345, 389, 9717, 268, 351, 262, 14934, 286, 262, 20589, 11, 21366, 351, 5137, 262, 8138, 319, 1793, 0, 1248, 3987, 447, 247, 83, 1309, 534, 1049, 35000, 42154, 345, 26, 836, 447, 247, 83, 892, 345, 460, 40879, 534, 835, 503, 286, 428, 13, 678, 11633, 345, 1410, 284, 2822, 534, 835, 503, 286, 428, 30, 1892, 319, 534, 1204, 0, 1160, 1870, 836, 447, 247, 83, 892, 326, 1755, 11, 618, 661, 3993, 572, 511, 14979, 11, 481, 2222, 345, 597, 8259, 13, 2310, 32397, 477, 11, 836, 447, 247, 83, 787, 1243, 4785, 351, 517, 6181, 960, 326, 447, 247, 82, 644, 447, 247, 82, 2157, 534, 7195, 355, 340, 318, 0, 5624, 2534, 447, 250, 5211, 345, 423, 597, 2126, 703, 3665, 1793, 318, 30, 8192, 345, 1683, 2982, 286, 257, 4701, 588, 683, 30, 2242, 19242, 2687, 1683, 550, 284, 1560, 683, 644, 284, 466, 11, 393, 3376, 683, 11, 2282, 11, 564, 246, 1639, 750, 326, 477, 2642, 0, 447, 247, 30, 1987, 16676, 11, 788, 11, 284, 13463, 465, 670, 25428, 11, 543, 318, 523, 1690, 13943, 287, 3496, 13, 1679, 28172, 7224, 340, 26, 8168, 318, 1165, 1290, 1497, 284, 766, 340, 13, 5624, 1400, 1881, 1680, 14473, 422, 1793, 5624, 2608, 447, 250, 12322, 257, 890, 11, 1327, 804, 13, 4091, 703, 1049, 339, 318, 960, 10745, 9504, 11, 3744, 621, 1997, 345, 714, 1683, 5967, 393, 3785, 503, 0, 5624, 2681, 447, 250, 1544, 16194, 1660, 510, 503, 286, 262, 5417, 11, 1233, 2171, 340, 11, 290, 23816, 510, 465, 6290, 1906, 17721, 33325, 759, 82, 13, 2579, 6423, 262, 24091, 1280, 510, 290, 12797, 503, 41714, 32290, 319, 2506, 13, 2808, 13921, 2687, 423, 262, 24917, 2126, 703, 428, 4325, 30, 1374, 339, 5240, 6231, 262, 15114, 11, 703, 339, 9209, 287, 18355, 30, 1542, 5703, 804, 379, 326, 14357, 11, 465, 6766, 1906, 69, 4509, 1657, 905, 16116, 3191, 262, 3223, 21593, 286, 262, 5417, 0, 3261, 4711, 389, 262, 14354, 286, 465, 18582, 11, 465, 31569, 11, 465, 14442, 1337, 13, 3933, 1544, 289, 6371, 82, 20507, 286, 1657, 11, 2263, 1654, 290, 7187, 4031, 13, 4747, 464, 3334, 1793, 686, 945, 287, 262, 18355, 11, 7954, 1028, 6181, 13, 447, 251, 198, 6090, 1312, 1100, 262, 9111, 319, 616, 3072, 14, 11487, 83, 30, 198, 4653, 12609, 18535, 274, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
797
Exactly 0 relevant results for the search term "asrnel" (loaded in 0.3373s) Currently no matching results...
[ 47173, 657, 5981, 2482, 329, 262, 2989, 3381, 366, 292, 81, 4954, 1, 357, 14578, 287, 657, 13, 2091, 4790, 82, 8, 198, 198, 21327, 645, 12336, 2482, 986, 628, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
31
Locker Room Talk By JimMcilvaine Oct. 16, 2016 There's been a lot of discussion lately about a term Donald Trump used recently in an effort to contextualize offensive comments he made, that were recorded and somehow went missing until just weeks before the Presidential election. Some would say Jeb Bush has to be wondering why his cousin, Billy, couldn't have thrown him this "locker room talk" bone nine months earlier? The reality is, everyone knew who Trump was and is. There were probably so many examples, no one would've known which one to choose. Anyone who feigns any kind of shock or surprise at Trump's comments at this point is either totally ignorant or disingenuous at best. When my wife won a national championship and went to the White House with her team, President Bill Clinton told her that he'd never been with a taller woman before. Everyone knew what Clinton's comment inferred and even though Rush Limbaugh and a few others tried to make a big deal out of it at the time, everyone already knew what kind of person Bill Clinton was, so that comment was just added to a long and growing list of inappropriate behavior that occasionally came back to bite him from time to time.  It was also interesting to hear comments from athletes, who made it sound like locker rooms are some kind of sanctuaries, where lewd comments were never uttered in their presence. I don't know what kind of teams they were on, but I consider mine fairly-tame compared to the gun-slinging Wizards who followed my tenure in Washington and I still witnessed plenty of interesting locker room talk during my time in sports. Here are a few memorable moments (most names may be redacted to keep me from getting beat up next time these guys see me): Fan Letters When fans send letters to NBA players, the teams typically leave them in the player's locker at the practice facility. In the pre-cellphone camera/twitter era, that meant fans who desired a more intimate relationship with an NBA player sometimes resorted to sending letters along with photos, underwear or whatever else they thought might sway an NBA player to respond. Apparently, some film development locations won't develop nude photos, so whenever those arrived, they were typically polaroids (millennials can google "polaroid" to understand the reference). Those typically generated plenty of locker room talk. I never seemed to get many of those letters, but I did get a letter once from a guy, that came with another letter that was taped shut. The first letter basically set up the second one, which had such sexually-explicit and inappropriate comments in it, that I gave it to NBA security, who interviewed the guy and may have added him to their lifetime watch list. I later found out he may have had a thing for a particular type of NBA player, as some of my other friends around the league received similar correspondence from him.  The All Ugly Team Most NBA teams and players have a pretty regular pre-game routine, but what happens when there's some type of disruption beyond anyone's control? There you all are, a locker room full of NBA players waiting to get turned loose on their opponent like Darth Maul & Qui Gon Ginn with nothing to do but watch game film of the opposing team. I remember one such delayed game, where someone had paused the VCR at just the exact moment, that a player from the opposing team had a very unattractive expression on his face. It kind of snowballed from there and the next thing you know, names of the starting-five of the NBA All-Ugly team were being shouted out by position, along with reserves, all recorded on the locker room grease board. It got kind of funny when one of the guys on our team found himself in the starting five and even funnier, when he said at least he was a starter and nominated another teammate as a back-up. The Worst Visiting Team Locker Room Without a doubt, the worst visiting team locker room during my tenure in the NBA was that of the Boston Garden. Smaller than most high school locker rooms and more-sparsely equipped, it was a holdover from the pre-war era and may not have been significantly updated in any way since the grand-opening in 1928. The temperature in the room was either arctic or inferno, with no middle ground. Even the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena where the Clippers used to play had a nicer visitor's locker room. If the Clippers' former owner, Donald Sterling was besting anyone in the NBA at anything besides having "racist" mentioned the most times in his Wikipedia page (currently 18), you knew you were doing something wrong. Fortunately, the arena stayed open just long enough for me to get to say that I played there and closed after my rookie season. The Best Visiting Team Locker Room I remember the first time I walked into the locker room at America West Arena (now Talking Stick Resort Arena in Phoenix). My immediate reaction was to ask why the home locker room for the Bullets wasn't half as nice as the visitor's lockerroom at Phoenix? My agent, Ron Grinker, was very good friends with the Suns owner at the time, Jerry Colangelo and he later explained Colangelo's philosophy. At some point all of the players on every opposing team would become free agents. If Colangelo had any interest in signing them, he wanted them to imagine how well he treated his own team, if the visiting team locker room was nicer than most home team locker rooms. Pretty smart guy and that philosophy was later adopted by several other NBA owners, most notably by Mark Cuban, who laid out some very impressive post-game spreads. The DW Alert One of the most-memorable locker room conversations I remember having was somewhat of a coded alert system shared among teammates. One of the teams I played on was covered by a member of the media, whose purpose and intent of being in the locker room always raised suspicion. I won't say whether this reporter was a man or a woman, but they were the only member of the media any of us noticed in the locker room, who was carrying a film camera, typically around their neck. This media member never asked any questions of players, but often held a microphone near a player who was being interviewed by someone else. More than one player claimed to have spotted this person snapping photos of naked players in the locker room, while interviews with other players were being conducted. Players requested that this person be removed from the locker room, but the team declined to take action, probably for fear of this person raising a stink about a potential issue that could only be proven if they were willing to self-incriminate. To remedy the problem in the short term, players began warning each other of a "DW alert," whenever the person entered the locker room, with the "W" standing for "Watcher" (you can figure out what the "D" stood for). I think the team finally solved the issue the following season by requiring a photo credential that was a different type of media credential for anyone who wanted to bring a camera into the locker room and they made sure not to issue one to this person. I would say I've heard plenty of offensive things in and out of locker rooms over the years, including tirades on par with this legendary speech and drunken lectures to me about making sure I take care of the man in my wife's canoe (in the presence of my wife no less!), but nothing that would've prompted me to go to a coach, GM or anyone else to complain about it. There are some people in this world who are just crude, offensive, inappropriate or all of the above and more. Not only do they often get away with little more than a slap on the wrist for such behavior, but sometimes we even elect them to be President of our country. People can hop on their high horse about how they'd handle themselves in that situation, but I think we'll all be waiting quite a while for the first story to emerge of a player who lodges a complaint about such language being used in a locker room or anywhere else.
[ 43, 12721, 10096, 12167, 198, 198, 3886, 5395, 44, 2856, 85, 5718, 198, 12349, 13, 1467, 11, 1584, 198, 198, 1858, 338, 587, 257, 1256, 286, 5114, 16537, 546, 257, 3381, 3759, 1301, 973, 2904, 287, 281, 3626, 284, 38356, 1096, 5859, 3651, 339, 925, 11, 326, 547, 6264, 290, 7599, 1816, 4814, 1566, 655, 2745, 878, 262, 17471, 3071, 13, 2773, 561, 910, 24298, 5511, 468, 284, 307, 11263, 1521, 465, 16933, 11, 15890, 11, 3521, 470, 423, 8754, 683, 428, 366, 5354, 263, 2119, 1561, 1, 9970, 5193, 1933, 2961, 30, 383, 3950, 318, 11, 2506, 2993, 508, 1301, 373, 290, 318, 13, 1318, 547, 2192, 523, 867, 6096, 11, 645, 530, 561, 1053, 1900, 543, 530, 284, 3853, 13, 1849, 21129, 508, 730, 570, 82, 597, 1611, 286, 6380, 393, 5975, 379, 1301, 338, 3651, 379, 428, 966, 318, 2035, 6635, 20109, 393, 48578, 5623, 379, 1266, 13, 198, 198, 2215, 616, 3656, 1839, 257, 2260, 12184, 290, 1816, 284, 262, 2635, 2097, 351, 607, 1074, 11, 1992, 3941, 2605, 1297, 607, 326, 339, 1549, 1239, 587, 351, 257, 25242, 2415, 878, 13, 11075, 2993, 644, 2605, 338, 2912, 41240, 290, 772, 996, 13063, 43306, 290, 257, 1178, 1854, 3088, 284, 787, 257, 1263, 1730, 503, 286, 340, 379, 262, 640, 11, 2506, 1541, 2993, 644, 1611, 286, 1048, 3941, 2605, 373, 11, 523, 326, 2912, 373, 655, 2087, 284, 257, 890, 290, 3957, 1351, 286, 15679, 4069, 326, 10491, 1625, 736, 284, 13197, 683, 422, 640, 284, 640, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 1026, 373, 635, 3499, 284, 3285, 3651, 422, 10856, 11, 508, 925, 340, 2128, 588, 17355, 9519, 389, 617, 1611, 286, 25417, 84, 3166, 11, 810, 45179, 3651, 547, 1239, 36144, 287, 511, 4931, 13, 314, 836, 470, 760, 644, 1611, 286, 3466, 484, 547, 319, 11, 475, 314, 2074, 6164, 6547, 12, 83, 480, 3688, 284, 262, 2485, 12, 82, 1359, 278, 21092, 508, 3940, 616, 17081, 287, 2669, 290, 314, 991, 13923, 6088, 286, 3499, 17355, 2119, 1561, 1141, 616, 640, 287, 5701, 13, 3423, 389, 257, 1178, 18078, 7188, 357, 1712, 3891, 743, 307, 44740, 284, 1394, 502, 422, 1972, 4405, 510, 1306, 640, 777, 3730, 766, 502, 2599, 198, 198, 22480, 24501, 198, 198, 2215, 3296, 3758, 7475, 284, 7403, 1938, 11, 262, 3466, 6032, 2666, 606, 287, 262, 2137, 338, 17355, 379, 262, 3357, 6841, 13, 554, 262, 662, 12, 3846, 4862, 4676, 14, 6956, 6980, 11, 326, 4001, 3296, 508, 10348, 257, 517, 16584, 2776, 351, 281, 7403, 2137, 3360, 44635, 284, 7216, 7475, 1863, 351, 5205, 11, 26170, 393, 4232, 2073, 484, 1807, 1244, 20009, 281, 7403, 2137, 284, 3031, 13, 18626, 11, 617, 2646, 2478, 7064, 1839, 470, 1205, 26349, 5205, 11, 523, 8797, 883, 5284, 11, 484, 547, 6032, 13559, 10994, 357, 17805, 1697, 8231, 460, 23645, 366, 79, 6192, 1868, 1, 284, 1833, 262, 4941, 737, 5845, 6032, 7560, 6088, 286, 17355, 2119, 1561, 13, 198, 198, 40, 1239, 3947, 284, 651, 867, 286, 883, 7475, 11, 475, 314, 750, 651, 257, 3850, 1752, 422, 257, 3516, 11, 326, 1625, 351, 1194, 3850, 326, 373, 36114, 4423, 13, 383, 717, 3850, 6209, 900, 510, 262, 1218, 530, 11, 543, 550, 884, 11363, 12, 20676, 3628, 290, 15679, 3651, 287, 340, 11, 326, 314, 2921, 340, 284, 7403, 2324, 11, 508, 12299, 262, 3516, 290, 743, 423, 2087, 683, 284, 511, 10869, 2342, 1351, 13, 314, 1568, 1043, 503, 339, 743, 423, 550, 257, 1517, 329, 257, 1948, 2099, 286, 7403, 2137, 11, 355, 617, 286, 616, 584, 2460, 1088, 262, 4652, 2722, 2092, 22440, 422, 683, 13, 1849, 198, 198, 464, 1439, 471, 10853, 4816, 198, 198, 6943, 7403, 3466, 290, 1938, 423, 257, 2495, 3218, 662, 12, 6057, 8027, 11, 475, 644, 4325, 618, 612, 338, 617, 2099, 286, 19911, 3675, 2687, 338, 1630, 30, 1318, 345, 477, 389, 11, 257, 17355, 2119, 1336, 286, 7403, 1938, 4953, 284, 651, 2900, 9155, 319, 511, 6125, 588, 31152, 40580, 1222, 2264, 72, 35371, 402, 3732, 1849, 4480, 2147, 284, 466, 475, 2342, 983, 2646, 286, 262, 12330, 1074, 13, 314, 3505, 530, 884, 11038, 983, 11, 810, 2130, 550, 24487, 262, 569, 9419, 379, 655, 262, 2748, 2589, 11, 326, 257, 2137, 422, 262, 12330, 1074, 550, 257, 845, 29327, 35587, 5408, 319, 465, 1986, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 1611, 286, 46275, 276, 422, 612, 290, 262, 1306, 1517, 345, 760, 11, 3891, 286, 262, 3599, 12, 13261, 286, 262, 7403, 1439, 12, 52, 10853, 1074, 547, 852, 17293, 503, 416, 2292, 11, 1863, 351, 14072, 11, 477, 6264, 319, 262, 17355, 2119, 35537, 3096, 13, 632, 1392, 1611, 286, 8258, 618, 530, 286, 262, 3730, 319, 674, 1074, 1043, 2241, 287, 262, 3599, 1936, 290, 772, 36090, 959, 11, 618, 339, 531, 379, 1551, 339, 373, 257, 14217, 290, 19332, 1194, 20052, 355, 257, 736, 12, 929, 13, 198, 198, 464, 33443, 6911, 1780, 4816, 406, 12721, 10096, 198, 198, 16249, 257, 4719, 11, 262, 5290, 10013, 1074, 17355, 2119, 1141, 616, 17081, 287, 262, 7403, 373, 326, 286, 262, 6182, 11652, 13, 10452, 263, 621, 749, 1029, 1524, 17355, 9519, 290, 517, 12, 82, 29572, 306, 10911, 11, 340, 373, 257, 1745, 2502, 422, 262, 662, 12, 5767, 6980, 290, 743, 407, 423, 587, 5566, 6153, 287, 597, 835, 1201, 262, 4490, 12, 29443, 287, 35768, 13, 383, 5951, 287, 262, 2119, 373, 2035, 610, 11048, 393, 1167, 24100, 11, 351, 645, 3504, 2323, 13, 3412, 262, 5401, 5652, 14861, 7092, 10937, 810, 262, 28564, 973, 284, 711, 550, 257, 36597, 21493, 338, 17355, 2119, 13, 1002, 262, 28564, 6, 1966, 4870, 11, 3759, 23647, 373, 1266, 278, 2687, 287, 262, 7403, 379, 1997, 13769, 1719, 366, 41131, 1, 4750, 262, 749, 1661, 287, 465, 15312, 2443, 357, 41745, 1248, 828, 345, 2993, 345, 547, 1804, 1223, 2642, 13, 20525, 11, 262, 13478, 9658, 1280, 655, 890, 1576, 329, 502, 284, 651, 284, 910, 326, 314, 2826, 612, 290, 4838, 706, 616, 12302, 1622, 13, 198, 198, 464, 6705, 6911, 1780, 4816, 406, 12721, 10096, 198, 198, 40, 3505, 262, 717, 640, 314, 6807, 656, 262, 17355, 2119, 379, 2253, 2688, 10937, 357, 2197, 33445, 22994, 28345, 10937, 287, 9643, 737, 2011, 7103, 6317, 373, 284, 1265, 1521, 262, 1363, 17355, 2119, 329, 262, 39984, 2492, 470, 2063, 355, 3621, 355, 262, 21493, 338, 17355, 3823, 379, 9643, 30, 2011, 5797, 11, 6575, 1902, 24275, 11, 373, 845, 922, 2460, 351, 262, 29139, 4870, 379, 262, 640, 11, 13075, 1623, 46525, 290, 339, 1568, 4893, 1623, 46525, 338, 8876, 13, 1629, 617, 966, 477, 286, 262, 1938, 319, 790, 12330, 1074, 561, 1716, 1479, 6554, 13, 1002, 1623, 46525, 550, 597, 1393, 287, 8415, 606, 11, 339, 2227, 606, 284, 5967, 703, 880, 339, 5716, 465, 898, 1074, 11, 611, 262, 10013, 1074, 17355, 2119, 373, 36597, 621, 749, 1363, 1074, 17355, 9519, 13, 20090, 4451, 3516, 290, 326, 8876, 373, 1568, 8197, 416, 1811, 584, 7403, 4393, 11, 749, 14660, 416, 2940, 18147, 11, 508, 8104, 503, 617, 845, 8036, 1281, 12, 6057, 26779, 13, 198, 198, 464, 29652, 23276, 198, 198, 3198, 286, 262, 749, 12, 11883, 10475, 17355, 2119, 10275, 314, 3505, 1719, 373, 6454, 286, 257, 30817, 7995, 1080, 4888, 1871, 13107, 13, 1881, 286, 262, 3466, 314, 2826, 319, 373, 5017, 416, 257, 2888, 286, 262, 2056, 11, 3025, 4007, 290, 6824, 286, 852, 287, 262, 17355, 2119, 1464, 4376, 15123, 13, 314, 1839, 470, 910, 1771, 428, 9095, 373, 257, 582, 393, 257, 2415, 11, 475, 484, 547, 262, 691, 2888, 286, 262, 2056, 597, 286, 514, 6810, 287, 262, 17355, 2119, 11, 508, 373, 6872, 257, 2646, 4676, 11, 6032, 1088, 511, 7393, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 2056, 2888, 1239, 1965, 597, 2683, 286, 1938, 11, 475, 1690, 2714, 257, 21822, 1474, 257, 2137, 508, 373, 852, 12299, 416, 2130, 2073, 13, 3125, 621, 530, 2137, 4752, 284, 423, 13489, 428, 1048, 35733, 5205, 286, 12105, 1938, 287, 262, 17355, 2119, 11, 981, 9299, 351, 584, 1938, 547, 852, 5952, 13, 13094, 9167, 326, 428, 1048, 307, 4615, 422, 262, 17355, 2119, 11, 475, 262, 1074, 7392, 284, 1011, 2223, 11, 2192, 329, 3252, 286, 428, 1048, 8620, 257, 48305, 546, 257, 2785, 2071, 326, 714, 691, 307, 9157, 611, 484, 547, 4684, 284, 2116, 12, 1939, 3036, 4559, 13, 1675, 21210, 262, 1917, 287, 262, 1790, 3381, 11, 1938, 2540, 6509, 1123, 584, 286, 257, 366, 42955, 7995, 553, 8797, 262, 1048, 5982, 262, 17355, 2119, 11, 351, 262, 366, 54, 1, 5055, 329, 366, 54, 34734, 1, 357, 5832, 460, 3785, 503, 644, 262, 366, 35, 1, 6204, 329, 737, 314, 892, 262, 1074, 3443, 16019, 262, 2071, 262, 1708, 1622, 416, 10616, 257, 4590, 49920, 326, 373, 257, 1180, 2099, 286, 2056, 49920, 329, 2687, 508, 2227, 284, 2222, 257, 4676, 656, 262, 17355, 2119, 290, 484, 925, 1654, 407, 284, 2071, 530, 284, 428, 1048, 13, 628, 198, 40, 561, 910, 314, 1053, 2982, 6088, 286, 5859, 1243, 287, 290, 503, 286, 17355, 9519, 625, 262, 812, 11, 1390, 48965, 2367, 319, 1582, 351, 428, 13273, 4046, 1849, 392, 26680, 25917, 284, 502, 546, 1642, 1654, 314, 1011, 1337, 286, 262, 582, 287, 616, 3656, 338, 47434, 357, 259, 262, 4931, 286, 616, 3656, 645, 1342, 26290, 475, 2147, 326, 561, 1053, 12053, 502, 284, 467, 284, 257, 3985, 11, 6951, 393, 2687, 2073, 284, 13121, 546, 340, 13, 1318, 389, 617, 661, 287, 428, 995, 508, 389, 655, 14897, 11, 5859, 11, 15679, 393, 477, 286, 262, 2029, 290, 517, 13, 1892, 691, 466, 484, 1690, 651, 1497, 351, 1310, 517, 621, 257, 23905, 319, 262, 15980, 329, 884, 4069, 11, 475, 3360, 356, 772, 1742, 606, 284, 307, 1992, 286, 674, 1499, 13, 4380, 460, 1725, 319, 511, 1029, 8223, 546, 703, 484, 1549, 5412, 2405, 287, 326, 3074, 11, 475, 314, 892, 356, 1183, 477, 307, 4953, 2407, 257, 981, 329, 262, 717, 1621, 284, 14740, 286, 257, 2137, 508, 19527, 3212, 257, 8224, 546, 884, 3303, 852, 973, 287, 257, 17355, 2119, 393, 6609, 2073, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,690
CRIM 500 Criminological Theory and Crime Policy (3 Semester Hours) An in-depth examination of the relationship between criminological theory and crime policy and criminal justice programs. After briefly reviewing early work of Shaw and McKay and delinquency prevention programs based on their work, the course focuses on contemporary crime and public policy practices currently in operation which are grounded in criminological theory. CRIM 505 Correctional Philosophies (3 Semester Hours) A detailed discussion of philosophical and behavioral science insights into the nature and goals of punishment as a response to crime. The effectiveness of various types of criminal sanctions at deterring future offending. Included are discussion, of, incapacitation, reformation and rehabilitation. CRIM 510 Supreme Court Rulings and Criminal Justice (3 Semester Hours) Every criminal justice practice from arrest through parole is governed by Constitutional provisions and Supreme Court rulings. This course reviews major Supreme Court rulings governing arrest, trial and prisoner’s rights. Special emphasis is on rulings related to diversity, such as racial profiling and sentence disparities. CRIM 515 Public Order Crime (3 Semester Hours) An examination of the nature and prevalence of public order offenses. The course addresses their handling by the criminal justice system and public concerns. Emphasis is on community image, fear of crime and safe streets. CRIM 520 Social Class and Crime (3 Semester Hours) This course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the effect of social class on decision making throughout the criminal justice system. Topics covered will include: the effect of social class on victimization, white collar versus blue collar crime, the impact of local, state, and federal laws on class groupings, and the impact of social class on sentencing and recidivism. CRIM 525 Race and Crime (3 Semester Hours) This course provides students a detailed analysis of the relationship between racial groups and the criminal justice system. Topics covered will include how structural ecology influences crime in racialized communities, the relationship between the criminal justice system and structural racial inequality, the role of cognitive racial framing in the criminal justice system, and mass incarceration. CRIM 530 The Prison Industrial Complex (3 Semester Hours) This course introduces and examines the phenomenon known as “The Prison Industrial Complex.” Topics covered are: the history of for-profit prisons, how political narratives influence public opinion of criminals, the major agencies benefiting from mass incarceration, and the influence of mass incarceration on communities and individuals across the race, class, and gender spectrums. CRIM 550 Criminal Justice Program Assessment (3 Semester Hours) This course will provide students with a solid grounding in the applied tools for conducting program evaluation. It will include instruction and experience in conducting evaluation research with training in the methods of evaluation for public, private or nonprofit programs and policies. CRIM 560 Gender and Crime (3 Semester Hours) This course explores the implications of gender on law, criminal justice practices and programs. The course addresses women as offenders, victims, and criminal justice practitioners. CRIM 565 Graduate Research Methods (3 Semester Hours) This course will analyze research strategies in criminology. It will include the analysis of links between theories and methods in social science research. It provides a detailed review of quantitative and qualitative methods, including research design, sampling, measurement, data collection, and ethical concerns. This course is especially recommended for students planning doctoral level studies.
[ 9419, 3955, 5323, 9822, 259, 2770, 17003, 290, 10003, 7820, 357, 18, 12449, 7834, 19347, 8, 198, 198, 2025, 287, 12, 18053, 12452, 286, 262, 2776, 1022, 3606, 259, 2770, 4583, 290, 4065, 2450, 290, 4301, 5316, 4056, 13, 2293, 11589, 17217, 1903, 670, 286, 18193, 290, 37946, 290, 32050, 1387, 14196, 4056, 1912, 319, 511, 670, 11, 262, 1781, 13692, 319, 11811, 4065, 290, 1171, 2450, 6593, 3058, 287, 4905, 543, 389, 22804, 287, 3606, 259, 2770, 4583, 13, 198, 198, 9419, 3955, 43367, 48371, 18880, 2522, 444, 357, 18, 12449, 7834, 19347, 8, 198, 198, 32, 6496, 5114, 286, 17580, 290, 17211, 3783, 17218, 656, 262, 3450, 290, 4661, 286, 9837, 355, 257, 2882, 284, 4065, 13, 383, 13530, 286, 2972, 3858, 286, 4301, 9388, 379, 2206, 1806, 2003, 30810, 13, 34774, 389, 5114, 11, 286, 11, 38533, 3780, 11, 302, 1161, 290, 23668, 13, 198, 198, 9419, 3955, 35148, 5617, 3078, 371, 377, 654, 290, 15531, 4796, 357, 18, 12449, 7834, 19347, 8, 198, 198, 6109, 4301, 5316, 3357, 422, 3251, 832, 25450, 318, 21825, 416, 26740, 8617, 290, 5617, 3078, 31532, 13, 770, 1781, 8088, 1688, 5617, 3078, 31532, 15030, 3251, 11, 4473, 290, 17234, 447, 247, 82, 2489, 13, 6093, 12476, 318, 319, 31532, 3519, 284, 9573, 11, 884, 355, 8425, 31582, 290, 6827, 35797, 13, 198, 198, 9419, 3955, 642, 1314, 5094, 8284, 10003, 357, 18, 12449, 7834, 19347, 8, 198, 198, 2025, 12452, 286, 262, 3450, 290, 16815, 286, 1171, 1502, 18514, 13, 383, 1781, 9405, 511, 9041, 416, 262, 4301, 5316, 1080, 290, 1171, 4786, 13, 2295, 28432, 318, 319, 2055, 2939, 11, 3252, 286, 4065, 290, 3338, 6483, 13, 198, 198, 9419, 3955, 36141, 5483, 5016, 290, 10003, 357, 18, 12449, 7834, 19347, 8, 198, 198, 1212, 1781, 3769, 2444, 351, 257, 9815, 4547, 286, 262, 1245, 286, 1919, 1398, 319, 2551, 1642, 3690, 262, 4301, 5316, 1080, 13, 34440, 5017, 481, 2291, 25, 262, 1245, 286, 1919, 1398, 319, 3117, 1634, 11, 2330, 19908, 9051, 4171, 19908, 4065, 11, 262, 2928, 286, 1957, 11, 1181, 11, 290, 2717, 3657, 319, 1398, 1448, 654, 11, 290, 262, 2928, 286, 1919, 1398, 319, 20565, 290, 664, 312, 25085, 13, 198, 198, 9419, 3955, 45719, 12588, 290, 10003, 357, 18, 12449, 7834, 19347, 8, 198, 198, 1212, 1781, 3769, 2444, 257, 6496, 3781, 286, 262, 2776, 1022, 8425, 2628, 290, 262, 4301, 5316, 1080, 13, 34440, 5017, 481, 2291, 703, 13204, 36517, 16717, 4065, 287, 8425, 1143, 5348, 11, 262, 2776, 1022, 262, 4301, 5316, 1080, 290, 13204, 8425, 12791, 11, 262, 2597, 286, 10870, 8425, 30811, 287, 262, 4301, 5316, 1080, 11, 290, 2347, 27224, 13, 198, 198, 9419, 3955, 40585, 383, 16999, 19034, 19157, 357, 18, 12449, 7834, 19347, 8, 198, 198, 1212, 1781, 20718, 290, 28025, 262, 10733, 1900, 355, 564, 250, 464, 16999, 19034, 19157, 13, 447, 251, 34440, 5017, 389, 25, 262, 2106, 286, 329, 12, 9183, 19224, 11, 703, 1964, 26274, 4588, 1171, 4459, 286, 12954, 11, 262, 1688, 5942, 39125, 422, 2347, 27224, 11, 290, 262, 4588, 286, 2347, 27224, 319, 5348, 290, 3925, 1973, 262, 3234, 11, 1398, 11, 290, 5279, 5444, 45241, 13, 198, 198, 9419, 3955, 25240, 15531, 4796, 6118, 25809, 357, 18, 12449, 7834, 19347, 8, 198, 198, 1212, 1781, 481, 2148, 2444, 351, 257, 4735, 48459, 287, 262, 5625, 4899, 329, 14523, 1430, 12660, 13, 632, 481, 2291, 12064, 290, 1998, 287, 14523, 12660, 2267, 351, 3047, 287, 262, 5050, 286, 12660, 329, 1171, 11, 2839, 393, 15346, 4056, 290, 4788, 13, 198, 198, 9419, 3955, 38089, 20247, 290, 10003, 357, 18, 12449, 7834, 19347, 8, 198, 198, 1212, 1781, 25409, 262, 10939, 286, 5279, 319, 1099, 11, 4301, 5316, 6593, 290, 4056, 13, 383, 1781, 9405, 1466, 355, 17120, 11, 4970, 11, 290, 4301, 5316, 24068, 13, 198, 198, 9419, 3955, 642, 2996, 30930, 4992, 25458, 357, 18, 12449, 7834, 19347, 8, 198, 198, 1212, 1781, 481, 16602, 2267, 10064, 287, 3606, 259, 1435, 13, 632, 481, 2291, 262, 3781, 286, 6117, 1022, 10946, 290, 5050, 287, 1919, 3783, 2267, 13, 632, 3769, 257, 6496, 2423, 286, 26610, 290, 40693, 5050, 11, 1390, 2267, 1486, 11, 19232, 11, 15558, 11, 1366, 4947, 11, 290, 15028, 4786, 13, 770, 1781, 318, 2592, 7151, 329, 2444, 5410, 40995, 1241, 3640, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
720
Kul by Color posted in: Archive 2016 | 0 Themal Camera ViewRemember your 6th grade science teacher said that black absorbs heat and white reflects it? Could it be true? I mean, black is a cool color. All the good guys and bad guys on TV wear black. So how much hotter can it be? A whopping 41 degrees hotter! That can’t be true, right? Well, let’s put some different colored shirts in the sun to see what happens. The thermal camera sees all. On a 95 degree day, we placed eight different colored shirts in the sun. They were red, blue, navy, light blue, gray, white, neon yellow, and neon orange. All were made out of the same type of material. Within five minutes, there was a 41 degree difference. Would you rather have a jersey that is 117 degrees or one that is 158 degrees? Cycling STCC Steve Gallaher Vest 2 What color is the coolest? What color is the hottest? White and neon yellow tie for the coolest colors. Neon orange is a close second. All the other colors are just hot, with navy winning the hottest color at 158 degrees. So, maybe your 6th grade science teacher had a point. Dark colors are hotter in the sun than white. I don’t know about you, but if you happen to see me in the sun on a summer day, I will be wearing white, white, and white. P.S. If you want to cool off even more, the Kul Lite cooling vest lowers the temperature another 15 degrees. Learn more at www.KulLite.com. Many thanks to Steven Gallaher for this post! Leave a Reply
[ 42, 377, 416, 5315, 198, 198, 40578, 287, 25, 20816, 1584, 930, 657, 198, 198, 464, 7617, 20432, 3582, 16676, 534, 718, 400, 9559, 3783, 4701, 531, 326, 2042, 42909, 4894, 290, 2330, 12497, 340, 30, 10347, 340, 307, 2081, 30, 314, 1612, 11, 2042, 318, 257, 3608, 3124, 13, 1439, 262, 922, 3730, 290, 2089, 3730, 319, 3195, 5806, 2042, 13, 1406, 703, 881, 37546, 460, 340, 307, 30, 317, 1849, 8727, 2105, 1849, 3901, 7370, 37546, 0, 198, 198, 2504, 460, 447, 247, 83, 307, 2081, 11, 826, 30, 3894, 11, 1309, 447, 247, 82, 1234, 617, 1180, 16396, 20858, 287, 262, 4252, 284, 766, 644, 4325, 13, 383, 18411, 4676, 7224, 477, 13, 198, 198, 2202, 257, 6957, 4922, 1110, 11, 356, 4624, 3624, 1180, 16396, 20858, 287, 262, 4252, 13, 1119, 547, 2266, 11, 4171, 11, 23956, 11, 1657, 4171, 11, 12768, 11, 2330, 11, 25988, 7872, 11, 290, 25988, 10912, 13, 1439, 547, 925, 503, 286, 262, 976, 2099, 286, 2587, 13, 12511, 1936, 2431, 11, 612, 373, 257, 6073, 4922, 3580, 13, 10928, 345, 2138, 423, 257, 22383, 326, 318, 19048, 7370, 393, 530, 326, 318, 24063, 7370, 30, 198, 198, 20418, 8493, 3563, 4093, 6542, 7096, 64, 372, 39034, 362, 198, 198, 2061, 3124, 318, 262, 38889, 30, 1867, 3124, 318, 262, 26896, 30, 2635, 290, 25988, 7872, 9839, 329, 262, 38889, 7577, 13, 27093, 10912, 318, 257, 1969, 1218, 13, 1439, 262, 584, 7577, 389, 655, 3024, 11, 351, 23956, 5442, 262, 26896, 3124, 379, 24063, 7370, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 11, 3863, 534, 718, 400, 9559, 3783, 4701, 550, 257, 966, 13, 3801, 7577, 389, 37546, 287, 262, 4252, 621, 2330, 13, 314, 836, 447, 247, 83, 760, 546, 345, 11, 475, 611, 345, 1645, 284, 766, 502, 287, 262, 4252, 319, 257, 3931, 1110, 11, 314, 481, 307, 5762, 2330, 11, 2330, 11, 290, 2330, 13, 198, 198, 47, 13, 50, 13, 1002, 345, 765, 284, 3608, 572, 772, 517, 11, 262, 50024, 27395, 15134, 19750, 34157, 262, 5951, 1194, 1315, 7370, 13, 14365, 517, 379, 7324, 13, 42, 377, 43, 578, 13, 785, 13, 628, 198, 7085, 5176, 284, 8239, 7096, 64, 372, 329, 428, 1281, 0, 198, 198, 35087, 257, 14883, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
374
Go back to overview Cyrex Explained: NFT’s in Gaming 4 November 2021 NFT’s have become increasingly popular over the years, with different industries such as entertainment, fashion and even sports benefitting from these tokens. One industry that aligned with both of our specialities and interests was gaming. But how secure are they? What is an NFT? We already gave a thorough breakdown as to what NFT’s are in a previous blog. In short, NFT stands for a non-fungible token, meaning that these tokens aren’t replaceable by something identical to it. Each NFT is unique, only one can exist, and they can’t be broken down like regular cryptocurrencies. Regarding blockchain, we also recently broke down what it is and its level of security. In short, it is a list of records of every transaction, cryptocurrency exchange and interaction, which are then all recorded and kept within the ‘blockchain’. Impact NFT’s have on Gaming Game developers are early adopters of new technology and are always experimenting with new game mechanics, user interfaces, and revenue models. Developers are particularly keen to put NFT-based gaming features to the test. Before, different downloadable skins and weaponry in games such as Fortnite or League of Legends were just an extra colourful coat of paint you could put on your character. Now with NFT’s, these items have real-world value, with some specific tokens creating an in-game economy. Blockchain built games and decentralized applications often allow the user/player to gain and own value of in-game and in-app purchases. These assets provide digital property rights, be used to build “play-and-earn” economies, and help developers earn more money, ultimately resulting in better and more equitable games. Enjin, a decentralized gaming platform, was one of the first mainstream gaming businesses to recognize (and capitalize on) the convergence of gaming and blockchain in 2017. It integrated blockchain technology into its infrastructure and launched ENJ, a gaming cryptocurrency that has been approved for usage in Japan. Sites such as Mythical Marketplace specialize in this in-game economy, with Mythical Games recently announced as the first developer partners for the service. The platform is a full-service system to build or integrate playable blockchain-based economies into games, facilitating a new level of ownership of digital assets for players, content creators and brands. With these successes, major developers such as Epic Games recently announced they will also begin selling blockchain-based games and NFTs through their store. NFTs drastically improve the gaming experience by giving players greater control over their digital assets, making it simpler to buy and sell those assets with other players and providing developers with a new income stream via in-game transactions. If a gamer has an NFT of a virtual item that they created or purchased a skin for a game, they can be assured that this asset will remain theirs forever. Security Implications While this latest trend certainly has its perks, it can also come at a cost if not secured correctly. The blockchain concept has been consistently proven to be secure in its design. But we also previously established that once something is in the blockchain, it’s there forever, and if there is a weakness, hackers will exploit it. This can be extremely worrying for gamers who use blockchain built games with blockchain-based economies. In-game assets that have real-life value can be hacked, stolen and sold to third parties. Your custom-built NFT is compromised, stolen and then devalued or sold on for double the amount it was originally worth. Thankfully at Cyrex, we are experts in both blockchain AND gaming. How much more secure can you get? It’s vital you test your services with us if you want to keep your games and economies secure. Our penetration testing and cybersecurity services are aimed at creating a safer online environment for both your game and your business. We help develop and secure the applications that empower businesses using our testing services and software development expertise. Pushing the boundaries in both gaming and crypto, by helping drive innovation and creativity. Penetrating Mythical Games As mentioned above, Mythical Games recently broke into the NFT scene, in conjuncture with fashion label Burberry, where they launched custom NFTs in their hit game Blankos Block Party. We were fortunate to get early access to the game and conduct a series of penetration tests using our Grey Box penetration testing service. Here we checked the validity of security across all sectors of the title and covered a wide range of services. You can find out more about what vulnerabilities we discovered on our portfolio page. To discover more about Cyrex, check out our blog. We also offer comprehensive, manual penetration testing for games and non-gaming applications. For any other questions, please get in touch.
[ 5247, 736, 284, 16700, 198, 198, 20418, 21510, 5905, 1328, 25, 399, 9792, 447, 247, 82, 287, 14426, 198, 198, 19, 3389, 33448, 198, 198, 45, 9792, 447, 247, 82, 423, 1716, 6481, 2968, 625, 262, 812, 11, 351, 1180, 11798, 884, 355, 9739, 11, 6977, 290, 772, 5701, 2204, 2535, 422, 777, 16326, 13, 1881, 2831, 326, 19874, 351, 1111, 286, 674, 2041, 871, 290, 5353, 373, 7776, 13, 887, 703, 5713, 389, 484, 30, 198, 198, 2061, 318, 281, 399, 9792, 30, 198, 198, 1135, 1541, 2921, 257, 9321, 14608, 355, 284, 644, 399, 9792, 447, 247, 82, 389, 287, 257, 2180, 4130, 13, 554, 1790, 11, 399, 9792, 6296, 329, 257, 1729, 12, 69, 2150, 856, 11241, 11, 3616, 326, 777, 16326, 3588, 447, 247, 83, 6330, 540, 416, 1223, 10411, 284, 340, 13, 5501, 399, 9792, 318, 3748, 11, 691, 530, 460, 2152, 11, 290, 484, 460, 447, 247, 83, 307, 5445, 866, 588, 3218, 29760, 13, 198, 198, 39424, 11779, 11, 356, 635, 2904, 6265, 866, 644, 340, 318, 290, 663, 1241, 286, 2324, 13, 554, 1790, 11, 340, 318, 257, 1351, 286, 4406, 286, 790, 8611, 11, 20210, 5163, 290, 10375, 11, 543, 389, 788, 477, 6264, 290, 4030, 1626, 262, 564, 246, 9967, 7983, 447, 247, 13, 198, 198, 26950, 529, 399, 9792, 447, 247, 82, 423, 319, 14426, 198, 198, 8777, 6505, 389, 1903, 4344, 1010, 286, 649, 3037, 290, 389, 1464, 27826, 351, 649, 983, 12933, 11, 2836, 20314, 11, 290, 6426, 4981, 13, 34152, 389, 3573, 13795, 284, 1234, 399, 9792, 12, 3106, 7776, 3033, 284, 262, 1332, 13, 198, 198, 8421, 11, 1180, 41496, 25873, 290, 28479, 287, 1830, 884, 355, 6401, 77, 578, 393, 4041, 286, 14270, 547, 655, 281, 3131, 44799, 13209, 286, 7521, 345, 714, 1234, 319, 534, 2095, 13, 2735, 351, 399, 9792, 447, 247, 82, 11, 777, 3709, 423, 1103, 12, 6894, 1988, 11, 351, 617, 2176, 16326, 4441, 281, 287, 12, 6057, 3773, 13, 29724, 3170, 1830, 290, 26512, 5479, 1690, 1249, 262, 2836, 14, 7829, 284, 4461, 290, 898, 1988, 286, 287, 12, 6057, 290, 287, 12, 1324, 13339, 13, 198, 198, 4711, 6798, 2148, 4875, 3119, 2489, 11, 307, 973, 284, 1382, 564, 250, 1759, 12, 392, 12, 451, 77, 447, 251, 16533, 11, 290, 1037, 6505, 5160, 517, 1637, 11, 6165, 7186, 287, 1365, 290, 517, 37164, 1830, 13, 198, 198, 4834, 18594, 11, 257, 26512, 7776, 3859, 11, 373, 530, 286, 262, 717, 8661, 7776, 5692, 284, 7564, 357, 392, 35160, 319, 8, 262, 40826, 286, 7776, 290, 11779, 287, 2177, 13, 632, 11521, 11779, 3037, 656, 663, 6884, 290, 5611, 12964, 41, 11, 257, 7776, 20210, 326, 468, 587, 6325, 329, 8748, 287, 2869, 13, 198, 198, 50, 2737, 884, 355, 18900, 605, 36703, 39868, 287, 428, 287, 12, 6057, 3773, 11, 351, 18900, 605, 5776, 2904, 3414, 355, 262, 717, 8517, 4887, 329, 262, 2139, 13, 383, 3859, 318, 257, 1336, 12, 15271, 1080, 284, 1382, 393, 19386, 22469, 11779, 12, 3106, 16533, 656, 1830, 11, 36045, 257, 649, 1241, 286, 9238, 286, 4875, 6798, 329, 1938, 11, 2695, 16294, 290, 11394, 13, 2080, 777, 23682, 11, 1688, 6505, 884, 355, 16781, 5776, 2904, 3414, 484, 481, 635, 2221, 6301, 11779, 12, 3106, 1830, 290, 399, 9792, 82, 832, 511, 3650, 13, 198, 198, 45, 9792, 82, 22188, 2987, 262, 7776, 1998, 416, 3501, 1938, 3744, 1630, 625, 511, 4875, 6798, 11, 1642, 340, 18599, 284, 2822, 290, 3677, 883, 6798, 351, 584, 1938, 290, 4955, 6505, 351, 257, 649, 3739, 4269, 2884, 287, 12, 6057, 8945, 13, 1002, 257, 26713, 468, 281, 399, 9792, 286, 257, 7166, 2378, 326, 484, 2727, 393, 8155, 257, 4168, 329, 257, 983, 11, 484, 460, 307, 13933, 326, 428, 11171, 481, 3520, 22021, 8097, 13, 198, 198, 24074, 34347, 3736, 198, 198, 3633, 428, 3452, 5182, 3729, 468, 663, 28429, 11, 340, 460, 635, 1282, 379, 257, 1575, 611, 407, 13659, 9380, 13, 383, 11779, 3721, 468, 587, 9835, 9157, 284, 307, 5713, 287, 663, 1486, 13, 887, 356, 635, 4271, 4920, 326, 1752, 1223, 318, 287, 262, 11779, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 612, 8097, 11, 290, 611, 612, 318, 257, 10453, 11, 17110, 481, 14561, 340, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 460, 307, 4457, 18916, 329, 15072, 508, 779, 11779, 3170, 1830, 351, 11779, 12, 3106, 16533, 13, 554, 12, 6057, 6798, 326, 423, 1103, 12, 6042, 1988, 460, 307, 19957, 11, 9909, 290, 2702, 284, 2368, 4671, 13, 3406, 2183, 12, 18780, 399, 9792, 318, 19066, 11, 9909, 290, 788, 35966, 1739, 393, 2702, 319, 329, 4274, 262, 2033, 340, 373, 6198, 2861, 13, 198, 198, 48387, 379, 5934, 21510, 11, 356, 389, 6154, 287, 1111, 11779, 5357, 7776, 13, 1374, 881, 517, 5713, 460, 345, 651, 30, 632, 447, 247, 82, 9204, 345, 1332, 534, 2594, 351, 514, 611, 345, 765, 284, 1394, 534, 1830, 290, 16533, 5713, 13, 198, 198, 5122, 23271, 4856, 290, 31335, 2594, 389, 8998, 379, 4441, 257, 14178, 2691, 2858, 329, 1111, 534, 983, 290, 534, 1597, 13, 775, 1037, 1205, 290, 5713, 262, 5479, 326, 17549, 5692, 1262, 674, 4856, 2594, 290, 3788, 2478, 13572, 13, 350, 8023, 262, 13215, 287, 1111, 7776, 290, 21473, 11, 416, 5742, 3708, 11044, 290, 16389, 13, 198, 198, 25553, 316, 8821, 18900, 605, 5776, 198, 198, 1722, 4750, 2029, 11, 18900, 605, 5776, 2904, 6265, 656, 262, 399, 9792, 3715, 11, 287, 11644, 39187, 351, 6977, 6167, 5481, 8396, 11, 810, 484, 5611, 2183, 399, 9792, 82, 287, 511, 2277, 983, 31990, 418, 9726, 3615, 13, 775, 547, 20200, 284, 651, 1903, 1895, 284, 262, 983, 290, 3189, 257, 2168, 286, 23271, 5254, 1262, 674, 13980, 8315, 23271, 4856, 2139, 13, 198, 198, 4342, 356, 10667, 262, 19648, 286, 2324, 1973, 477, 16020, 286, 262, 3670, 290, 5017, 257, 3094, 2837, 286, 2594, 13, 921, 460, 1064, 503, 517, 546, 644, 23805, 356, 5071, 319, 674, 15320, 2443, 13, 198, 198, 2514, 7073, 517, 546, 5934, 21510, 11, 2198, 503, 674, 4130, 13, 775, 635, 2897, 9815, 11, 10107, 23271, 4856, 329, 1830, 290, 1729, 12, 48616, 5479, 13, 1114, 597, 584, 2683, 11, 3387, 651, 287, 3638, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,036
Category of Assets An asset is something that is owned with the expectation that it will provide a benefit.  In some instances, the benefit is the security that the asset provides; in others, it may be as simple as pride of ownership; other assets are owned with the expectation that they will generate future cash flows. For individuals, assets can be divided into three categories:  current or liquid assets; household assets; and investment assets.   Current or Liquid Assets Current, or liquid assets are assets that can be readily converted to cash with little or no loss in value.  This category of assets provides the owner with a sense of security.  Checking, savings, and money market accounts (or funds) are the primary examples.  The cash value of a whole life insurance policy is another. While these assets pay little to no interest, you can access the money quickly when needed.  Financial gurus differ in terms of how much individuals should hold in liquid assets, but an amount equal to six months of your monthly expenses should keep you safe. Then, should an emergency occur, you would be able to handle it without having to do something drastic or financially detrimental, like getting a cash advance from your credit card company, which tends to be an expensive option, or selling shares of stock at a loss. Household Assets Household assets and possessions may be owned for various reasons.  This category includes your home itself (if owned), vehicles (if owned), furniture, jewelry, and fine art, among other items. Some people get a sense of security from owning their own home; they may also feel proud to be a homeowner; and they may consider it an investment that will appreciate in value, providing them with future profits.  Unless vintage or otherwise in demand, cars, trucks and boats typically depreciate in value, so they are mainly a source of pride, as is expensive furniture.  Ownership of jewelry and fine art may provide both a great sense of satisfaction and the hope that they will increase in value. Investment Assets Investment Assets Investment assets are held with the expectation that they will provide future cash flows to the investor.  This category is usually comprised largely of Treasury bonds and stocks and bonds of large corporations, purchased either individually by the investor or via mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs).  Treasury bonds are considered risk-free since they are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. government.  Most Treasury bond issues pay interest every six months, at a specified rate, and repay the principal at maturity, as do most corporate bonds. Investors invest in corporate stock with the expectation of earning dividend and/or capital gains when they sell the stock. When you purchase shares of a mutual fund or an ETF, you are a part-owner of the portfolio of the securities in which they invest.  These may be stocks and/or bonds of domestic entities only; of both domestic and foreign entities; or of entities operating within a specific foreign country, such as Japan.  As part-owner, you earn your pro rata share of the dividend and interest income that the fund receives, as well as any capital gains that the fund earns when it sells some of its securities.  And, assuming the fund does well, you will also be able to sell your shares in it at a profit should you choose to do so. But Treasury bonds and stocks and bonds of large corporations aren’t the only types of investment assets.  Many savvy investors increase the expected returns on their portfolios by trading in options.  Options can provide you with a substantial return on a relatively small investment.  For example, at the end of April 2020, Microsoft (MSFT) was selling for $175.00. An investor who expected MSFT to increase in value to, say, $210 a share, over the next few months might purchase a call option on the stock rather than buying the stock itself.  One hundred shares of the stock would cost $17,500, but a call option to buy 100 shares of the stock at $195, with a September 18, 2020 expiration, was selling for $750.  The call option gives the investor the right, but not the obligation, to buy the stock for $195 anytime prior to the expiration date.  If the investor does not wish to purchase the stock, he or she can sell the option prior to expiration.  For example, if the stock is selling for $210 a share at some point, the investor will be able to sell the option for at least $1,500 [= ($210 – $195) x 100 shares].  That’s a return on investment of 100% (= equation.pdfover a holding period of only 4 ½ months.  Of course, if the stock price never gets to $195 or higher prior to expiration, the investor will simply let the option expire, losing his $750 investment.  It’s a risk/return tradeoff. Some small businesses seek loans from private investors to finance their operations.  Privately-owned real estate investing companies use a lot of these types of loans, otherwise known as “private placements.” When you invest in a private placement, you are loaning that company money in accordance with the specific terms of the loan.  Some pay periodic interest income, just as most bonds of large corporations do, while others repay the principal, along with the accumulated interest earned, at the end of the term of the loan. These private placements are riskier than investing in the stocks and bonds of large corporations since the businesses are smaller, and because of that, they must offer investors a higher rate of return.  The notes issued by real estate investing companies are usually backed by the real estate in which the company is investing, which tends to make them a bit safer since the noteholder has a claim to the underlying real estate if the company fails to make the scheduled payment(s). Many private placements are available for purchase only by accredited investors, depending on the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rule that the company used when issuing it.  An individual must meet one of two criteria to qualify as an accredited investor.  He/she must have: • a net worth of over $1 million, either individually or with his or her spouse.  The market value of the individual’s primary residence must be excluded in the net worth calculation according to SEC rules.  • income that exceeded $200,000 in each of the two preceding years (or joint spousal income exceeding $300,000 during that same time frame), as well as a reasonable expectation of earning that same amount in the current year. Investors who are able to meet either one of these two criteria have a number of additional investment vehicles available to them.  For example, the individual will then qualify to be an “angel investor,” someone who provides funding to startup businesses in exchange for equity (part-ownership) of the firm. As is the case with private placements, these investments tend to be riskier and, thus, offer investors a higher expected return. But an investment in the debt or equity of other companies isn’t the only type of investment asset available to people.  Like many real estate investing companies, some individuals buy a piece of real estate for the purpose of fixing it up to sell it for a profit (flipping).  Others may own another type of small business—a pizza shop, a boutique, a barber shop—with the expectation that it will generate cash flow for them.  Still others invest in collectibles—coins, stamps, sports memorabilia—in anticipation of being able to sell the items at a profit when they increase in value.  All of these types of assets are held with the expectation that they will produce future cash flows—and thereby increase the wealth of the person who owns them. Related Resources Liability Definition Warren Buffett Net Worth Start typing and press Enter to search
[ 27313, 286, 41059, 198, 198, 2025, 11171, 318, 1223, 326, 318, 6898, 351, 262, 17507, 326, 340, 481, 2148, 257, 4414, 13, 1849, 554, 617, 10245, 11, 262, 4414, 318, 262, 2324, 326, 262, 11171, 3769, 26, 287, 1854, 11, 340, 743, 307, 355, 2829, 355, 11293, 286, 9238, 26, 584, 6798, 389, 6898, 351, 262, 17507, 326, 484, 481, 7716, 2003, 5003, 15623, 13, 1114, 3925, 11, 6798, 460, 307, 9086, 656, 1115, 9376, 25, 1849, 1459, 393, 8122, 6798, 26, 6641, 6798, 26, 290, 4896, 6798, 13, 5624, 198, 198, 11297, 393, 21020, 41059, 198, 198, 11297, 11, 393, 8122, 6798, 389, 6798, 326, 460, 307, 14704, 11513, 284, 5003, 351, 1310, 393, 645, 2994, 287, 1988, 13, 1849, 770, 6536, 286, 6798, 3769, 262, 4870, 351, 257, 2565, 286, 2324, 13, 1849, 39432, 11, 10653, 11, 290, 1637, 1910, 5504, 357, 273, 5153, 8, 389, 262, 4165, 6096, 13, 1849, 383, 5003, 1988, 286, 257, 2187, 1204, 5096, 2450, 318, 1194, 13, 2893, 777, 6798, 1414, 1310, 284, 645, 1393, 11, 345, 460, 1895, 262, 1637, 2952, 618, 2622, 13, 1849, 11302, 308, 31891, 13238, 287, 2846, 286, 703, 881, 3925, 815, 1745, 287, 8122, 6798, 11, 475, 281, 2033, 4961, 284, 2237, 1933, 286, 534, 9651, 9307, 815, 1394, 345, 3338, 13, 3244, 11, 815, 281, 6334, 3051, 11, 345, 561, 307, 1498, 284, 5412, 340, 1231, 1719, 284, 466, 1223, 27069, 393, 18786, 29417, 11, 588, 1972, 257, 5003, 5963, 422, 534, 3884, 2657, 1664, 11, 543, 12444, 284, 307, 281, 5789, 3038, 11, 393, 6301, 7303, 286, 4283, 379, 257, 2994, 13, 198, 198, 18102, 2946, 41059, 198, 198, 18102, 2946, 6798, 290, 23309, 743, 307, 6898, 329, 2972, 3840, 13, 1849, 770, 6536, 3407, 534, 1363, 2346, 357, 361, 6898, 828, 5672, 357, 361, 6898, 828, 13091, 11, 22634, 11, 290, 3734, 1242, 11, 1871, 584, 3709, 13, 2773, 661, 651, 257, 2565, 286, 2324, 422, 23107, 511, 898, 1363, 26, 484, 743, 635, 1254, 6613, 284, 307, 257, 40130, 26, 290, 484, 743, 2074, 340, 281, 4896, 326, 481, 9144, 287, 1988, 11, 4955, 606, 351, 2003, 10177, 13, 1849, 17486, 20276, 393, 4306, 287, 3512, 11, 5006, 11, 13960, 290, 16659, 6032, 1207, 29102, 378, 287, 1988, 11, 523, 484, 389, 8384, 257, 2723, 286, 11293, 11, 355, 318, 5789, 13091, 13, 1849, 33147, 1056, 286, 22634, 290, 3734, 1242, 743, 2148, 1111, 257, 1049, 2565, 286, 14676, 290, 262, 2911, 326, 484, 481, 2620, 287, 1988, 13, 198, 198, 19070, 434, 41059, 198, 198, 19070, 434, 41059, 198, 198, 19070, 434, 6798, 389, 2714, 351, 262, 17507, 326, 484, 481, 2148, 2003, 5003, 15623, 284, 262, 15811, 13, 1849, 770, 6536, 318, 3221, 19869, 5688, 286, 13419, 13100, 290, 14420, 290, 13100, 286, 1588, 10225, 11, 8155, 2035, 17033, 416, 262, 15811, 393, 2884, 13584, 5153, 393, 5163, 12, 2213, 5286, 5153, 357, 22274, 82, 737, 1849, 13419, 13100, 389, 3177, 2526, 12, 5787, 1201, 484, 389, 9763, 416, 262, 564, 250, 12853, 4562, 290, 3884, 447, 251, 286, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 1230, 13, 1849, 4042, 13419, 6314, 2428, 1414, 1393, 790, 2237, 1933, 11, 379, 257, 7368, 2494, 11, 290, 20152, 262, 10033, 379, 24841, 11, 355, 466, 749, 6355, 13100, 13, 38898, 1325, 287, 6355, 4283, 351, 262, 17507, 286, 13748, 30494, 290, 14, 273, 3139, 8810, 618, 484, 3677, 262, 4283, 13, 198, 198, 2215, 345, 5001, 7303, 286, 257, 13584, 1814, 393, 281, 31112, 11, 345, 389, 257, 636, 12, 18403, 286, 262, 15320, 286, 262, 16145, 287, 543, 484, 1325, 13, 1849, 2312, 743, 307, 14420, 290, 14, 273, 13100, 286, 5928, 12066, 691, 26, 286, 1111, 5928, 290, 3215, 12066, 26, 393, 286, 12066, 5361, 1626, 257, 2176, 3215, 1499, 11, 884, 355, 2869, 13, 1849, 1081, 636, 12, 18403, 11, 345, 5160, 534, 386, 374, 1045, 2648, 286, 262, 30494, 290, 1393, 3739, 326, 262, 1814, 11583, 11, 355, 880, 355, 597, 3139, 8810, 326, 262, 1814, 29339, 618, 340, 16015, 617, 286, 663, 16145, 13, 1849, 843, 11, 13148, 262, 1814, 857, 880, 11, 345, 481, 635, 307, 1498, 284, 3677, 534, 7303, 287, 340, 379, 257, 7630, 815, 345, 3853, 284, 466, 523, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 13419, 13100, 290, 14420, 290, 13100, 286, 1588, 10225, 3588, 447, 247, 83, 262, 691, 3858, 286, 4896, 6798, 13, 1849, 4650, 32800, 7713, 2620, 262, 2938, 5860, 319, 511, 47837, 416, 7313, 287, 3689, 13, 1849, 18634, 460, 2148, 345, 351, 257, 8904, 1441, 319, 257, 5365, 1402, 4896, 13, 1849, 1114, 1672, 11, 379, 262, 886, 286, 3035, 12131, 11, 5413, 357, 5653, 9792, 8, 373, 6301, 329, 720, 17430, 13, 405, 13, 1052, 15811, 508, 2938, 6579, 9792, 284, 2620, 287, 1988, 284, 11, 910, 11, 720, 21536, 257, 2648, 11, 625, 262, 1306, 1178, 1933, 1244, 5001, 257, 869, 3038, 319, 262, 4283, 2138, 621, 7067, 262, 4283, 2346, 13, 1849, 1881, 3470, 7303, 286, 262, 4283, 561, 1575, 720, 1558, 11, 4059, 11, 475, 257, 869, 3038, 284, 2822, 1802, 7303, 286, 262, 4283, 379, 720, 22186, 11, 351, 257, 2693, 1248, 11, 12131, 28385, 11, 373, 6301, 329, 720, 15426, 13, 1849, 383, 869, 3038, 3607, 262, 15811, 262, 826, 11, 475, 407, 262, 12990, 11, 284, 2822, 262, 4283, 329, 720, 22186, 17949, 3161, 284, 262, 28385, 3128, 13, 1849, 1002, 262, 15811, 857, 407, 4601, 284, 5001, 262, 4283, 11, 339, 393, 673, 460, 3677, 262, 3038, 3161, 284, 28385, 13, 1849, 1114, 1672, 11, 611, 262, 4283, 318, 6301, 329, 720, 21536, 257, 2648, 379, 617, 966, 11, 262, 15811, 481, 307, 1498, 284, 3677, 262, 3038, 329, 379, 1551, 720, 16, 11, 4059, 685, 28, 7198, 21536, 784, 720, 22186, 8, 2124, 1802, 7303, 4083, 1849, 1320, 447, 247, 82, 257, 1441, 319, 4896, 286, 1802, 4, 46121, 16022, 13, 12315, 2502, 257, 4769, 2278, 286, 691, 604, 25208, 1933, 13, 1849, 3226, 1781, 11, 611, 262, 4283, 2756, 1239, 3011, 284, 720, 22186, 393, 2440, 3161, 284, 28385, 11, 262, 15811, 481, 2391, 1309, 262, 3038, 24264, 11, 6078, 465, 720, 15426, 4896, 13, 1849, 632, 447, 247, 82, 257, 2526, 14, 7783, 3292, 2364, 13, 198, 198, 4366, 1402, 5692, 5380, 10021, 422, 2839, 7713, 284, 9604, 511, 4560, 13, 1849, 9243, 1286, 12, 11990, 1103, 7964, 14771, 2706, 779, 257, 1256, 286, 777, 3858, 286, 10021, 11, 4306, 1900, 355, 564, 250, 19734, 21957, 3196, 13, 447, 251, 1649, 345, 1325, 287, 257, 2839, 13127, 11, 345, 389, 2376, 7574, 326, 1664, 1637, 287, 10213, 351, 262, 2176, 2846, 286, 262, 8063, 13, 1849, 2773, 1414, 27458, 1393, 3739, 11, 655, 355, 749, 13100, 286, 1588, 10225, 466, 11, 981, 1854, 20152, 262, 10033, 11, 1863, 351, 262, 22425, 1393, 7366, 11, 379, 262, 886, 286, 262, 3381, 286, 262, 8063, 13, 2312, 2839, 21957, 3196, 389, 2526, 959, 621, 14771, 287, 262, 14420, 290, 13100, 286, 1588, 10225, 1201, 262, 5692, 389, 4833, 11, 290, 780, 286, 326, 11, 484, 1276, 2897, 7713, 257, 2440, 2494, 286, 1441, 13, 1849, 383, 4710, 4884, 416, 1103, 7964, 14771, 2706, 389, 3221, 9763, 416, 262, 1103, 7964, 287, 543, 262, 1664, 318, 14771, 11, 543, 12444, 284, 787, 606, 257, 1643, 14178, 1201, 262, 3465, 13829, 468, 257, 1624, 284, 262, 10238, 1103, 7964, 611, 262, 1664, 10143, 284, 787, 262, 7530, 6074, 7, 82, 737, 198, 198, 7085, 2839, 21957, 3196, 389, 1695, 329, 5001, 691, 416, 37237, 7713, 11, 6906, 319, 262, 22971, 290, 12516, 4513, 357, 23683, 8, 3896, 326, 262, 1664, 973, 618, 19089, 340, 13, 1849, 1052, 1981, 1276, 1826, 530, 286, 734, 9987, 284, 12780, 355, 281, 37237, 15811, 13, 1849, 679, 14, 7091, 1276, 423, 25, 628, 50286, 3581, 257, 2010, 2861, 286, 625, 720, 16, 1510, 11, 2035, 17033, 393, 351, 465, 393, 607, 16731, 13, 1849, 383, 1910, 1988, 286, 262, 1981, 447, 247, 82, 4165, 11566, 1276, 307, 15009, 287, 262, 2010, 2861, 17952, 1864, 284, 10729, 3173, 13, 1849, 628, 198, 50286, 3581, 3739, 326, 20672, 720, 2167, 11, 830, 287, 1123, 286, 262, 734, 18148, 812, 357, 273, 6466, 599, 516, 282, 3739, 23353, 720, 6200, 11, 830, 1141, 326, 976, 640, 5739, 828, 355, 880, 355, 257, 6397, 17507, 286, 13748, 326, 976, 2033, 287, 262, 1459, 614, 13, 198, 198, 19070, 669, 508, 389, 1498, 284, 1826, 2035, 530, 286, 777, 734, 9987, 423, 257, 1271, 286, 3224, 4896, 5672, 1695, 284, 606, 13, 1849, 1114, 1672, 11, 262, 1981, 481, 788, 12780, 284, 307, 281, 564, 250, 8368, 15811, 11, 447, 251, 2130, 508, 3769, 4918, 284, 13693, 5692, 287, 5163, 329, 13598, 357, 3911, 12, 15605, 1056, 8, 286, 262, 4081, 13, 1081, 318, 262, 1339, 351, 2839, 21957, 3196, 11, 777, 11115, 4327, 284, 307, 2526, 959, 290, 11, 4145, 11, 2897, 7713, 257, 2440, 2938, 1441, 13, 198, 198, 1537, 281, 4896, 287, 262, 5057, 393, 13598, 286, 584, 2706, 2125, 447, 247, 83, 262, 691, 2099, 286, 4896, 11171, 1695, 284, 661, 13, 1849, 4525, 867, 1103, 7964, 14771, 2706, 11, 617, 3925, 2822, 257, 3704, 286, 1103, 7964, 329, 262, 4007, 286, 18682, 340, 510, 284, 3677, 340, 329, 257, 7630, 357, 2704, 4501, 737, 1849, 12691, 743, 898, 1194, 2099, 286, 1402, 1597, 960, 64, 14256, 6128, 11, 257, 45753, 11, 257, 2318, 527, 6128, 960, 4480, 262, 17507, 326, 340, 481, 7716, 5003, 5202, 329, 606, 13, 1849, 7831, 1854, 1325, 287, 2824, 18764, 960, 14624, 11, 25560, 11, 5701, 16181, 48249, 960, 259, 24054, 286, 852, 1498, 284, 3677, 262, 3709, 379, 257, 7630, 618, 484, 2620, 287, 1988, 13, 1849, 1439, 286, 777, 3858, 286, 6798, 389, 2714, 351, 262, 17507, 326, 484, 481, 4439, 2003, 5003, 15623, 960, 392, 12839, 2620, 262, 5129, 286, 262, 1048, 508, 12216, 606, 13, 198, 198, 9819, 13864, 198, 198, 43, 12455, 30396, 198, 198, 43464, 36611, 3433, 22301, 198, 198, 10434, 19720, 290, 1803, 6062, 284, 2989, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,670
30 Ways to Inspire Divergent Thinking divergent thinking When we stop talking about creativity and innovation in abstract terms and start thinking about how they originate, we get divergent thinking. Divergent thinking is more than thinking outside the box; it’s thinking without the box, and imposing structure later. This type of thinking is found among people with personality traits such as nonconformity, curiosity, willingness to take risks, and persistence. Divergent thinking is not the same as brainstorming. Brainstorming is a technique that encourages divergent thinking, but it’s only one of many, as you will read in a moment. The Research The benefits of divergent thinking are huge, especially in a day and age where employers value skills over knowledge. Decades of research have shown that students who are exposed to divergent thinking methods early in their education become more creative, both immediately and later on in life. Studies conducted by a Cornell University research team in 2012 found that divergent thinking improves language proficiency and performance. That same year, psychologists from the Netherlands revealed that divergent thinking leads to positive mood swings while convergent thinking leads to negative mood swings. Patrick Ledwidge from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln says that graduate students, in particular, could benefit from a heightened does of divergent thinking, as graduate research frequently involves testing boundaries and putting forth original theories. An article published this year presents the first measure of divergent thinking that can be used with children as young as 2 years, and shows that some children are better at divergent thinking than others and that children’s divergent thinking increases with age. Scientists have also found a positive correlation between divergent thinking and entrepreneurial potential. One pivitol study, conducted by researchers at the University of Auckland, found that young children who understood the concept of false beliefs (the fact that people’s attitudes don’t always reflect reality) performed significantly better on divergent thinking tasks than children who did not. Again, it’s the ability to identify multiple possibilities that forms a basis for creativity. And although some of us may associate creativity with things like art and emotion, the research shows that divergent thinking actually stems from logical, unbiased thinking. A study published this year found a negative correlation between emotion comprehension and divergent thinking, suggesting that we think most divergently when our perspective isn’t colored by emotion. When it comes to leading a successful career, divergent thinking can be a huge help. Openness to experience is a personality trait that relates to divergent thinking and is therefore related to creative performance in organizations. Research shows us that openness to experience, coupled with an attitude toward divergent thinking, are positively associated with employees’ creative performance. At Kalyani University in India, researchers found a number of interesting facts associated with divergent thinking, including that learners with more complex analytic cognitive structure show greater ability of divergent thinking, that an individual’s perception of him or herself affects his or her divergent thinking, that scholastic achievement and divergent thinking are related, that individuals with a high self-concept were found better in all aspects of divergent thinking, and that rural learners performed better than urban learners with regard to divergent thinking. There’s still a lot to be discovered about divergent thinking, but we know that it produces highly intelligent, creative individuals. Teach your students to think divergently and you’ll never worry that you haven’t made a difference. Here’s how to get started: 1. Fast, frequent failures. Making as many mistakes as possible as quickly as possible means you’re heading swiftly towards the right solution to a problem. Try holding “flash flub” sessions where students learn to be comfortable laying out all possible solutions in front of others. Read more about the value of mistakes. 2. Thank Google. You can find anything on Google these days. Doesn’t this mean students are in danger of forgetting how to learn and solve problems of their own? Studies actually suggest that it allows you to spend more time thinking about deeper questions since you have instant answers to the shallow ones. Open up the discussion on this one. See what your students think. Read more about using Google for education. 3. Solve the right problem. When they are solving a difficult problem, urge students to start with the most basic phrasing of a question. Help them find a faster way to fail, recover, and try again. If the question they are trying to solve takes longer to grasp than the solution, they are solving the wrong problem. 4. Zig where others zag. It can be highly productive to think differently, and it pays off in the long run. The founder of The Economist credits “Blue Ocean Strategy,” or staying away from the “red waters” of fierce competition, with the success of the magazine. Find other real-world examples and share them with your students. 5. Respond to curiosity when it arises. Encourage students to answer their own questions now, not later, while the curiosity is still burning. This is when divergent thinking has the highest chance of being cultivated. 6. Defer judgment. Practice this yourself, and encourage students to practice it. Remember it includes both criticism and praise. 7. Encourage numbers. Have students collect every possible idea before settling on a solution. 8. Support the strange. Encourage students to strive for the unusual and explore different perspectives. 9. Combine ideas. Look for combinations of ideas that might work together. Building off the ideas of others is a great place to start. 10. Create a tolerant environment. Divergent thinking is more likely to thrive in an environment that permits different types of expression, encourages risk, and allows failure. As teachers, we can support divergent thinking by facilitating and supporting individual expression. 11. Provide support and encouragement when ideas are blocked. The more patience you put into this, the more likely students will be to pursue their own ideas, even when they’re a little foggy at first. 12. Encourage autonomy and ownership. Praise individuals for their unique ideas, and refer to their ideas later as “Sally’s solution” or “Andrew’s question.” Read more about encouraging intrinsic motivation. 13. Help learners appreciate how they learn. Talk about the process of learning and how it occurs differently under different circumstances. 14. Brainstorm. During brainstorming, students spontaneously contribute ideas in response to a problem statement. Crafting a good problem statement requires some skill. You don’t want the problem to be so broad that it will be difficult to find patterns in ideas and possible solutions. You also don’t want it to be so specific that the solutions seem relatively inevitable. Keep the number of students in a brainstorming group fairly small so that no one feels lost in the crowd. Additionally, form groups of students who will naturally have different perspectives from one another. 15. Substitute. What are the alternatives to materials, processes, and methods students are already using/doing? 16. Find the connection. How can students combine seemingly disparate ideas? 17. Adapt. How can students adapt something they’re already doing or using for a new project? 18. Modify. What materials, processes, or methods can students modify to solve a problem? 19. Diversify. Can students put a material, process, or method to another use? 20. Eliminate. Think in terms of removing, not adding. What can students do to eliminate problems and inefficiencies? What materials, methods, and steps can be eliminated? 21. Rearrange. How can students move around materials, method steps, and processes to solve a problem? 22. Brainwrite. A terrific exercise. Have groups of students brainstorm first on sticky notes or index cards, without speaking to each other. This encourages all voices to be heard and prevents people from forgetting their ideas as they wait for an opportunity to speak. Then, have them share their ideas and build upon them together. In a variation of this technique, one student writes down three ideas on a piece of paper in response to a problem statement and passes it on to the next student, who continues the process. 23. Six Thinking Hats. Pioneered by Edward de Bono, the Six Thinking Hats exercise encourages parallel thinking, or viewing a problem from different perspectives depending on which “hat” you’re wearing. 24. Discuss lateral thinking. Lateral thinking is a type of thinking that uses unorthodox or seemingly illogical methods to solve problems. In his book, Serious Creativity (1992), de Bono describes some lateral thinking techniques for spurring creativity. 25. Use concept fans. Representing a problem as a central circle, have students write down possible solutions as a series of lines radiating outward from the circle. If the solutions aren’t quite what the student wants, tell them to reframe the idea. Draw it as a second circle connected to the first circle and write down possible solutions for the new problem. Keep repeating the process, reframing problem statements and fanning out ideas. 26. Be provocative. Start with a provocative statement like “We should abolish standardized testing.” Then ask students to examine the consequences of the statement, potential benefits, the circumstances in which the statement describes a good solution, and the resources needed to make the idea work. Next, change the parameters of the idea, e.g., “We should make standardized testing less than 5% of our education efforts,” and begin the process again, repeating until students come to an agreement. Read more about helping your students find their voice. 27. Try random input. Have students choose a random object (e.g. a noun from a dictionary or an object on their desk) and associate it with a problem they’re thinking about. What are the connections? How can these connections be used to solve or expand upon the problem? 28. Challenge ideas. Encourage students to ask why something is done the way it’s done. Challenge problems, solutions, or anything in between. The idea is that when you challenge something, you start thinking of alternatives. 29. Disprove. Have students take the traditional view of something and challenge it. See if they can support their own different position. 30. Use technology. Technology offers some exciting ways to complement and enhance divergent thinking techniques. Try Youtongo, an online brainstorming platform, for starters. 7 Responses 1. Eric Combs says: Brilliant information and well presented Saga. Having worked many years with at-risk teens, the whole idea of being wrong is a tough one to overcome. Thanks for your article. 2. ANNA says: Many thanks Saga. Am developing arts chat time in my performing arts sessions. Your contributions are inspiring. 3. I ahev just started learning about divergent thinking and how we can share it with the teachers across Zimbabwe and i must say your article is just on point. 4. What an incredible info-packed article this is. I have read a very first article on ‘Divergent Thinking’ spectacularly executed. Being a civil services coach in India, it would be very helpful for me in order to enhance my student’s competitive potential. Thanks a lot for writing. 5. Andy Lee says: What an amazingly helpful article. The research and how to use divergent thinking all in one place? I’m on the professional development team at my high school in Anaheim California and I’ll definitely be sharing and presenting this resource. Thanks for sharing. Leave a Reply
[ 1270, 26658, 284, 25300, 557, 50137, 6783, 30707, 198, 198, 67, 1428, 6783, 3612, 198, 2215, 356, 2245, 3375, 546, 16389, 290, 11044, 287, 12531, 2846, 290, 923, 3612, 546, 703, 484, 39779, 11, 356, 651, 12312, 6783, 3612, 13, 50137, 6783, 3612, 318, 517, 621, 3612, 2354, 262, 3091, 26, 340, 447, 247, 82, 3612, 1231, 262, 3091, 11, 290, 20814, 4645, 1568, 13, 628, 198, 1212, 2099, 286, 3612, 318, 1043, 1871, 661, 351, 8806, 12796, 884, 355, 1729, 1102, 687, 414, 11, 20136, 11, 16826, 284, 1011, 7476, 11, 290, 30802, 13, 50137, 6783, 3612, 318, 407, 262, 976, 355, 48733, 278, 13, 14842, 12135, 278, 318, 257, 8173, 326, 18656, 12312, 6783, 3612, 11, 475, 340, 447, 247, 82, 691, 530, 286, 867, 11, 355, 345, 481, 1100, 287, 257, 2589, 13, 198, 198, 464, 4992, 198, 198, 464, 4034, 286, 12312, 6783, 3612, 389, 3236, 11, 2592, 287, 257, 1110, 290, 2479, 810, 11390, 1988, 4678, 625, 3725, 13, 4280, 2367, 286, 2267, 423, 3402, 326, 2444, 508, 389, 7362, 284, 12312, 6783, 3612, 5050, 1903, 287, 511, 3707, 1716, 517, 7325, 11, 1111, 3393, 290, 1568, 319, 287, 1204, 13, 198, 198, 45833, 5952, 416, 257, 27119, 2059, 2267, 1074, 287, 2321, 1043, 326, 12312, 6783, 3612, 19575, 3303, 32102, 290, 2854, 13, 1320, 976, 614, 11, 30842, 422, 262, 12671, 4602, 326, 12312, 6783, 3612, 5983, 284, 3967, 10038, 26728, 981, 6718, 6783, 3612, 5983, 284, 4633, 10038, 26728, 13, 9925, 22964, 86, 3130, 422, 262, 2059, 286, 18329, 12, 43, 11690, 1139, 326, 10428, 2444, 11, 287, 1948, 11, 714, 4414, 422, 257, 25556, 857, 286, 12312, 6783, 3612, 11, 355, 10428, 2267, 6777, 9018, 4856, 13215, 290, 5137, 6071, 2656, 10946, 13, 198, 198, 2025, 2708, 3199, 428, 614, 10969, 262, 717, 3953, 286, 12312, 6783, 3612, 326, 460, 307, 973, 351, 1751, 355, 1862, 355, 362, 812, 11, 290, 2523, 326, 617, 1751, 389, 1365, 379, 12312, 6783, 3612, 621, 1854, 290, 326, 1751, 447, 247, 82, 12312, 6783, 3612, 5732, 351, 2479, 13, 23782, 423, 635, 1043, 257, 3967, 16096, 1022, 12312, 6783, 3612, 290, 39365, 2785, 13, 198, 198, 3198, 16767, 11650, 2050, 11, 5952, 416, 4837, 379, 262, 2059, 286, 30422, 11, 1043, 326, 1862, 1751, 508, 7247, 262, 3721, 286, 3991, 9056, 357, 1169, 1109, 326, 661, 447, 247, 82, 14479, 836, 447, 247, 83, 1464, 4079, 3950, 8, 6157, 5566, 1365, 319, 12312, 6783, 3612, 8861, 621, 1751, 508, 750, 407, 13, 6521, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 262, 2694, 284, 5911, 3294, 12779, 326, 5107, 257, 4308, 329, 16389, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 3584, 617, 286, 514, 743, 11602, 16389, 351, 1243, 588, 1242, 290, 9942, 11, 262, 2267, 2523, 326, 12312, 6783, 3612, 1682, 21552, 422, 12219, 11, 46735, 3612, 13, 317, 2050, 3199, 428, 614, 1043, 257, 4633, 16096, 1022, 9942, 35915, 290, 12312, 6783, 3612, 11, 9524, 326, 356, 892, 749, 12312, 34727, 618, 674, 6650, 2125, 447, 247, 83, 16396, 416, 9942, 13, 198, 198, 2215, 340, 2058, 284, 3756, 257, 4388, 3451, 11, 12312, 6783, 3612, 460, 307, 257, 3236, 1037, 13, 4946, 1108, 284, 1998, 318, 257, 8806, 16708, 326, 18436, 284, 12312, 6783, 3612, 290, 318, 4361, 3519, 284, 7325, 2854, 287, 5745, 13, 4992, 2523, 514, 326, 30913, 284, 1998, 11, 18064, 351, 281, 9408, 3812, 12312, 6783, 3612, 11, 389, 19888, 3917, 351, 4409, 447, 247, 7325, 2854, 13, 198, 198, 2953, 509, 3400, 3216, 2059, 287, 3794, 11, 4837, 1043, 257, 1271, 286, 3499, 6419, 3917, 351, 12312, 6783, 3612, 11, 1390, 326, 46184, 351, 517, 3716, 49166, 10870, 4645, 905, 3744, 2694, 286, 12312, 6783, 3612, 11, 326, 281, 1981, 447, 247, 82, 11202, 286, 683, 393, 5223, 10975, 465, 393, 607, 12312, 6783, 3612, 11, 326, 5513, 349, 3477, 13293, 290, 12312, 6783, 3612, 389, 3519, 11, 326, 3925, 351, 257, 1029, 2116, 12, 43169, 547, 1043, 1365, 287, 477, 7612, 286, 12312, 6783, 3612, 11, 290, 326, 10016, 46184, 6157, 1365, 621, 7876, 46184, 351, 2754, 284, 12312, 6783, 3612, 13, 198, 198, 1858, 447, 247, 82, 991, 257, 1256, 284, 307, 5071, 546, 12312, 6783, 3612, 11, 475, 356, 760, 326, 340, 11073, 4047, 12661, 11, 7325, 3925, 13, 42015, 534, 2444, 284, 892, 12312, 34727, 290, 345, 447, 247, 297, 1239, 5490, 326, 345, 4398, 447, 247, 83, 925, 257, 3580, 13, 3423, 447, 247, 82, 703, 284, 651, 2067, 25, 628, 50286, 16, 13, 12549, 11, 10792, 15536, 13, 16427, 355, 867, 10135, 355, 1744, 355, 2952, 355, 1744, 1724, 345, 447, 247, 260, 9087, 23994, 3371, 262, 826, 4610, 284, 257, 1917, 13, 9993, 4769, 564, 250, 34167, 781, 549, 447, 251, 10991, 810, 2444, 2193, 284, 307, 6792, 16299, 503, 477, 1744, 8136, 287, 2166, 286, 1854, 13, 4149, 517, 546, 262, 1988, 286, 10135, 13, 198, 50286, 17, 13, 6952, 3012, 13, 921, 460, 1064, 1997, 319, 3012, 777, 1528, 13, 28048, 447, 247, 83, 428, 1612, 2444, 389, 287, 3514, 286, 32012, 703, 284, 2193, 290, 8494, 2761, 286, 511, 898, 30, 10422, 1682, 1950, 326, 340, 3578, 345, 284, 4341, 517, 640, 3612, 546, 9211, 2683, 1201, 345, 423, 9113, 7429, 284, 262, 19337, 3392, 13, 4946, 510, 262, 5114, 319, 428, 530, 13, 4091, 644, 534, 2444, 892, 13, 4149, 517, 546, 1262, 3012, 329, 3707, 13, 198, 50286, 18, 13, 4294, 303, 262, 826, 1917, 13, 1649, 484, 389, 18120, 257, 2408, 1917, 11, 14960, 2444, 284, 923, 351, 262, 749, 4096, 7607, 2313, 286, 257, 1808, 13, 10478, 606, 1064, 257, 5443, 835, 284, 2038, 11, 8551, 11, 290, 1949, 757, 13, 1002, 262, 1808, 484, 389, 2111, 284, 8494, 2753, 2392, 284, 13180, 621, 262, 4610, 11, 484, 389, 18120, 262, 2642, 1917, 13, 198, 50286, 19, 13, 24992, 810, 1854, 1976, 363, 13, 632, 460, 307, 4047, 12973, 284, 892, 10338, 11, 290, 340, 13831, 572, 287, 262, 890, 1057, 13, 383, 9119, 286, 383, 36619, 10824, 564, 250, 14573, 10692, 20561, 11, 447, 251, 393, 10589, 1497, 422, 262, 564, 250, 445, 10150, 447, 251, 286, 14800, 5449, 11, 351, 262, 1943, 286, 262, 7093, 13, 9938, 584, 1103, 12, 6894, 6096, 290, 2648, 606, 351, 534, 2444, 13, 198, 50286, 20, 13, 33556, 284, 20136, 618, 340, 22068, 13, 14711, 32885, 2444, 284, 3280, 511, 898, 2683, 783, 11, 407, 1568, 11, 981, 262, 20136, 318, 991, 9482, 13, 770, 318, 618, 12312, 6783, 3612, 468, 262, 4511, 2863, 286, 852, 30499, 13, 198, 50286, 21, 13, 2896, 263, 8492, 13, 19939, 428, 3511, 11, 290, 7898, 2444, 284, 3357, 340, 13, 11436, 340, 3407, 1111, 7734, 290, 13463, 13, 198, 50286, 22, 13, 14711, 32885, 3146, 13, 8192, 2444, 2824, 790, 1744, 2126, 878, 25446, 319, 257, 4610, 13, 198, 50286, 23, 13, 7929, 262, 6283, 13, 14711, 32885, 2444, 284, 22076, 329, 262, 8468, 290, 7301, 1180, 22582, 13, 198, 50286, 24, 13, 29176, 4213, 13, 6803, 329, 17790, 286, 4213, 326, 1244, 670, 1978, 13, 11819, 572, 262, 4213, 286, 1854, 318, 257, 1049, 1295, 284, 923, 13, 198, 50286, 940, 13, 13610, 257, 33435, 2858, 13, 50137, 6783, 3612, 318, 517, 1884, 284, 22191, 287, 281, 2858, 326, 13892, 1180, 3858, 286, 5408, 11, 18656, 2526, 11, 290, 3578, 5287, 13, 1081, 7799, 11, 356, 460, 1104, 12312, 6783, 3612, 416, 36045, 290, 6493, 1981, 5408, 13, 198, 50286, 1157, 13, 44290, 1104, 290, 27529, 618, 4213, 389, 10226, 13, 383, 517, 16336, 345, 1234, 656, 428, 11, 262, 517, 1884, 2444, 481, 307, 284, 10660, 511, 898, 4213, 11, 772, 618, 484, 447, 247, 260, 257, 1310, 19558, 1360, 379, 717, 13, 198, 50286, 1065, 13, 14711, 32885, 21851, 290, 9238, 13, 21127, 786, 3925, 329, 511, 3748, 4213, 11, 290, 3522, 284, 511, 4213, 1568, 355, 564, 250, 50, 453, 447, 247, 82, 4610, 447, 251, 393, 564, 250, 20508, 447, 247, 82, 1808, 13, 447, 251, 4149, 517, 546, 12577, 28327, 14052, 13, 198, 50286, 1485, 13, 10478, 46184, 9144, 703, 484, 2193, 13, 12167, 546, 262, 1429, 286, 4673, 290, 703, 340, 8833, 10338, 739, 1180, 5917, 13, 198, 50286, 1415, 13, 14842, 12135, 13, 5856, 48733, 278, 11, 2444, 37512, 8676, 4213, 287, 2882, 284, 257, 1917, 2643, 13, 44450, 257, 922, 1917, 2643, 4433, 617, 5032, 13, 921, 836, 447, 247, 83, 765, 262, 1917, 284, 307, 523, 3154, 326, 340, 481, 307, 2408, 284, 1064, 7572, 287, 4213, 290, 1744, 8136, 13, 921, 635, 836, 447, 247, 83, 765, 340, 284, 307, 523, 2176, 326, 262, 8136, 1283, 5365, 13203, 13, 9175, 262, 1271, 286, 2444, 287, 257, 48733, 278, 1448, 6547, 1402, 523, 326, 645, 530, 5300, 2626, 287, 262, 4315, 13, 12032, 11, 1296, 2628, 286, 2444, 508, 481, 8752, 423, 1180, 22582, 422, 530, 1194, 13, 198, 50286, 1314, 13, 24944, 3678, 13, 1867, 389, 262, 14693, 284, 5696, 11, 7767, 11, 290, 5050, 2444, 389, 1541, 1262, 14, 19631, 30, 198, 50286, 1433, 13, 9938, 262, 4637, 13, 1374, 460, 2444, 12082, 9775, 37433, 4213, 30, 198, 50286, 1558, 13, 30019, 13, 1374, 460, 2444, 6068, 1223, 484, 447, 247, 260, 1541, 1804, 393, 1262, 329, 257, 649, 1628, 30, 198, 50286, 1507, 13, 3401, 1958, 13, 1867, 5696, 11, 7767, 11, 393, 5050, 460, 2444, 13096, 284, 8494, 257, 1917, 30, 198, 50286, 1129, 13, 360, 1191, 1958, 13, 1680, 2444, 1234, 257, 2587, 11, 1429, 11, 393, 2446, 284, 1194, 779, 30, 198, 50286, 1238, 13, 27405, 4559, 13, 11382, 287, 2846, 286, 10829, 11, 407, 4375, 13, 1867, 460, 2444, 466, 284, 11005, 2761, 290, 287, 24531, 22139, 30, 1867, 5696, 11, 5050, 11, 290, 4831, 460, 307, 15254, 30, 198, 50286, 2481, 13, 30144, 9521, 13, 1374, 460, 2444, 1445, 1088, 5696, 11, 2446, 4831, 11, 290, 7767, 284, 8494, 257, 1917, 30, 198, 50286, 1828, 13, 14842, 13564, 13, 317, 23754, 5517, 13, 8192, 2628, 286, 2444, 48733, 717, 319, 23408, 4710, 393, 6376, 4116, 11, 1231, 5486, 284, 1123, 584, 13, 770, 18656, 477, 10839, 284, 307, 2982, 290, 15174, 661, 422, 32012, 511, 4213, 355, 484, 4043, 329, 281, 3663, 284, 2740, 13, 3244, 11, 423, 606, 2648, 511, 4213, 290, 1382, 2402, 606, 1978, 13, 554, 257, 12291, 286, 428, 8173, 11, 530, 3710, 6797, 866, 1115, 4213, 319, 257, 3704, 286, 3348, 287, 2882, 284, 257, 1917, 2643, 290, 8318, 340, 319, 284, 262, 1306, 3710, 11, 508, 4477, 262, 1429, 13, 198, 50286, 1954, 13, 9699, 30707, 37934, 13, 27507, 1068, 416, 10443, 390, 7979, 78, 11, 262, 9699, 30707, 37934, 5517, 18656, 10730, 3612, 11, 393, 11681, 257, 1917, 422, 1180, 22582, 6906, 319, 543, 564, 250, 5183, 447, 251, 345, 447, 247, 260, 5762, 13, 198, 50286, 1731, 13, 36691, 25653, 3612, 13, 406, 10534, 3612, 318, 257, 2099, 286, 3612, 326, 3544, 49830, 393, 9775, 2801, 30766, 5050, 284, 8494, 2761, 13, 554, 465, 1492, 11, 32231, 7921, 3458, 357, 23847, 828, 390, 7979, 78, 8477, 617, 25653, 3612, 7605, 329, 599, 14924, 16389, 13, 198, 50286, 1495, 13, 5765, 3721, 3296, 13, 10858, 278, 257, 1917, 355, 257, 4318, 9197, 11, 423, 2444, 3551, 866, 1744, 8136, 355, 257, 2168, 286, 3951, 19772, 803, 23537, 422, 262, 9197, 13, 1002, 262, 8136, 3588, 447, 247, 83, 2407, 644, 262, 3710, 3382, 11, 1560, 606, 284, 1006, 28073, 262, 2126, 13, 15315, 340, 355, 257, 1218, 9197, 5884, 284, 262, 717, 9197, 290, 3551, 866, 1744, 8136, 329, 262, 649, 1917, 13, 9175, 20394, 262, 1429, 11, 1006, 859, 278, 1917, 6299, 290, 4336, 768, 503, 4213, 13, 198, 50286, 2075, 13, 1355, 28695, 13, 7253, 351, 257, 28695, 2643, 588, 564, 250, 1135, 815, 35531, 25713, 4856, 13, 447, 251, 3244, 1265, 2444, 284, 10716, 262, 6948, 286, 262, 2643, 11, 2785, 4034, 11, 262, 5917, 287, 543, 262, 2643, 8477, 257, 922, 4610, 11, 290, 262, 4133, 2622, 284, 787, 262, 2126, 670, 13, 7406, 11, 1487, 262, 10007, 286, 262, 2126, 11, 304, 13, 70, 1539, 564, 250, 1135, 815, 787, 25713, 4856, 1342, 621, 642, 4, 286, 674, 3707, 4040, 11, 447, 251, 290, 2221, 262, 1429, 757, 11, 20394, 1566, 2444, 1282, 284, 281, 4381, 13, 4149, 517, 546, 5742, 534, 2444, 1064, 511, 3809, 13, 198, 50286, 1983, 13, 9993, 4738, 5128, 13, 8192, 2444, 3853, 257, 4738, 2134, 357, 68, 13, 70, 13, 257, 23227, 422, 257, 22155, 393, 281, 2134, 319, 511, 6915, 8, 290, 11602, 340, 351, 257, 1917, 484, 447, 247, 260, 3612, 546, 13, 1867, 389, 262, 8787, 30, 1374, 460, 777, 8787, 307, 973, 284, 8494, 393, 4292, 2402, 262, 1917, 30, 198, 50286, 2078, 13, 13879, 4213, 13, 14711, 32885, 2444, 284, 1265, 1521, 1223, 318, 1760, 262, 835, 340, 447, 247, 82, 1760, 13, 13879, 2761, 11, 8136, 11, 393, 1997, 287, 1022, 13, 383, 2126, 318, 326, 618, 345, 4427, 1223, 11, 345, 923, 3612, 286, 14693, 13, 198, 50286, 1959, 13, 3167, 1676, 303, 13, 8192, 2444, 1011, 262, 4569, 1570, 286, 1223, 290, 4427, 340, 13, 4091, 611, 484, 460, 1104, 511, 898, 1180, 2292, 13, 198, 50286, 1270, 13, 5765, 3037, 13, 8987, 4394, 617, 7895, 2842, 284, 16829, 290, 9494, 12312, 6783, 3612, 7605, 13, 9993, 575, 448, 25162, 11, 281, 2691, 48733, 278, 3859, 11, 329, 19896, 13, 628, 198, 198, 22, 20549, 274, 628, 50286, 16, 13, 7651, 955, 1443, 1139, 25, 628, 50284, 9414, 359, 3014, 1321, 290, 880, 5545, 19743, 13, 11136, 3111, 867, 812, 351, 379, 12, 19121, 15508, 11, 262, 2187, 2126, 286, 852, 2642, 318, 257, 5802, 530, 284, 10980, 13, 6930, 329, 534, 2708, 13, 628, 198, 50286, 17, 13, 3537, 4535, 1139, 25, 628, 50284, 7085, 5176, 19743, 13, 1703, 5922, 10848, 8537, 640, 287, 616, 9489, 10848, 10991, 13, 3406, 9284, 389, 20886, 13, 628, 50286, 18, 13, 314, 257, 258, 85, 655, 2067, 4673, 546, 12312, 6783, 3612, 290, 703, 356, 460, 2648, 340, 351, 262, 7799, 1973, 28589, 290, 1312, 1276, 910, 534, 2708, 318, 655, 319, 966, 13, 628, 50286, 19, 13, 1867, 281, 8082, 7508, 12, 34860, 2708, 428, 318, 13, 314, 423, 1100, 257, 845, 717, 2708, 319, 564, 246, 35, 1428, 6783, 30707, 447, 247, 15013, 306, 10945, 13, 11204, 257, 3026, 2594, 3985, 287, 3794, 11, 340, 561, 307, 845, 7613, 329, 502, 287, 1502, 284, 9494, 616, 3710, 447, 247, 82, 7606, 2785, 13, 6930, 257, 1256, 329, 3597, 13, 628, 50286, 20, 13, 12382, 5741, 1139, 25, 628, 50284, 2061, 281, 32513, 7613, 2708, 13, 383, 2267, 290, 703, 284, 779, 12312, 6783, 3612, 477, 287, 530, 1295, 30, 314, 447, 247, 76, 319, 262, 4708, 2478, 1074, 379, 616, 1029, 1524, 287, 31100, 3442, 290, 314, 447, 247, 297, 4753, 307, 7373, 290, 17728, 428, 8271, 13, 6930, 329, 7373, 13, 198, 198, 35087, 257, 14883, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
2,488
Malaysian legal history From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Redirected from Legal history of Malaysia) Jump to: navigation, search Malaysian legal history has been determined by events spanning a period of some six hundred years. Of these, three major periods were largely responsible for shaping the current Malaysian system. The first was the founding of the Melaka Sultanate at the beginning of the 15th century; second was the spread of Islam in the indigenous culture; and finally, and perhaps the most significant in modern Malaysia, was British colonial rule which brought with it constitutional government and the common law system. Sultanate of Melaka[edit] During the realm of the Sultanate, Melaka was an important trading port and the maintenance of law and order was crucial to its prosperity. The administration of justice was placed under the direct charge of the bendahara (or chief minister) who exercised both political and judicial functions. The temenggung (which is the commander of troops and police) was responsible for apprehending criminals, maintaining prisons and generally keeping the peace. The welfare of foreigners residing in the state was looked after by several shahbandars (habour masters and collectors of customs). Little is known of the legal system in those days but it is generally accepted that the law administered then was a combination of Muslim law and the "Adat Temenggung" (patriarchal Malay customary law). The "Adat Temengung" was the law of the Sultan or the law ordained by the rulers and later adopted in the other regions of Peninsular Malaysia. It was the basis of the law as found in Malay legal digests compiled between the 15th and 19th centuries. The formal legal text of traditional Melaka consisted of the Undang-Undang Melaka (Laws of Melaka), variously called the Hukum Kanun Melaka and Risalat Hukum Kanun, and the Undang-Undang Laut Melaka (the Maritime Laws of Melaka).[1] The laws as written in the legal digests went through an evolutionary process. The legal rules that eventually evolved were shaped by three main influences, namely the early non-indigenous Hindu/Buddhist tradition, Islam and the indigenous "adat". European and British influence[edit] When Melaka fell into the hands of the Portuguese from 1511 to 1641 and the Dutch from 1641 till 1786, the local people continued to practise Islamic laws and Malay customs. It could be said that the Portuguese and the Dutch laws made relatively little impact on the legal system as a whole other than the political and administrative structures. In 1786, Britain acquired the island of Penang, the first territory in Malaysia to fall into British hands. The main preoccupation of the British administrators during the first decades after the founding of Penang, was the maintenance of some form of order and to this end, local customs and law were allowed to continue but tempered by such portions of the English law as were considered just and expedient. Some judgements meted out may seem rather strange by today's standard but it should be borne in mind that they merely reflected the harsh and often chaotic conditions of those pioneering days. Complaints and petitions were made over many years for a better system of administering justice. Finally, it came in the form of the Royal Charter of Justice of 1807. The Charter is the most significant event in Malaysian legal history as it marked the beginning of the statutory introduction of English law into this country. The Charter established the Court of Judicature of the Prince of Wales' island (as Penang was then known) to exercise jurisdiction in all civil, criminal and ecclesiastical matters. It was interpreted by the courts as introducing to Penang the law of England as it stood in 1807 insofar as it was suitable to local conditions and circumstances. When Penang, Singapore, which was founded by the British in 1819 along with Melaka, which fell to the British as a trade-off under the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, formed the Straits Settlement in 1826, a new charter, the Charter of Justice was introduced. A new court called 'The Court of Judicature of Prince of Wales' Island, Singapore and Melaka" was created by this Charter. Penang in a sense had a second statutory reception of English law although it was the first for Singapore and Melaka. In one stroke of the pen, the Straits Settlements received a large dose of English law. Despite the new Charter, the administration of justice was far from satisfactory. A third Charter of Justice was granted in 1855 which enabled the reorganisation of the court system. In 1867, when the administration of the Straits Settlements from India was transferred to the Colonial Office, the court system was reorganised once again. By Ordinance 5 of 1868, the Court of Judicature of Prince of Wales' Island, Singapore and Melaka was abolished. A new court known as the Supreme Court of the Straits Settlements was established. In 1873, the Supreme Court was further reorganised under four judges – the Chief Justice, the Justice of Penang, the Senior Puisne Judge and the Junior Puisne Judge. The Court of Quarter Sessions was established as a criminal court and presided over by the Senior and Junior Puisne Judges in Singapore and Penang respectively. A Court of Appeal was also constituted. By then, the judiciary had slowly evolved into its modern form. English commercial law was formally introduced into the Straits Settlements by Section 6 of the Civil Law Ordinance, 1878. This provision, as re-enacted in the Civil Law Act, 1956 (Revised 1972), is still applicable in Penang and Melaka. English land law was specifically excluded by sub-section 2. The whole section of this Ordinance was incorporated into the Civil Law Ordinance of 1909 and later re-enacted as Section 5 of the Civil Law Ordinance (Chap. 42 of the 1936 Revised Edition). This was the legal situation in the Straits Settlements until its dissolution in 1946 following the formation of the Malayan Union. The statutory introduction of English law to the Federated Malay States comprising the states of Perak, Selangor, Pahang and Negeri Sembilan occurred in 1937 with the introduction of the Civil Law Enactment, 1937. The Unfederated Malay States, consisting the states of Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, Terengganu and Johor, became part of the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and the Civil Law (Extension) Ordinance, 1951, extended the application of the Enactment to these states. Both enactments were replaced by the Civil Law Ordinance, 1956, which applied to all eleven states of the Federation. When Malaysia was established in 1963, it became necessary to harmonise the law to take effect in Sabah and Sarawak. The 1956 Ordinance was then superseded by the Civil Law Act, 1956 (revised 1972) which came into force on 1 April 1972. 1. ^ Winstedt, Richard. The Date of the Malacca Legal Codes. – The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, No. 1/2, Apr. 1953. • Undang-Undang Melaka & Undang-Undang Laut. Editor Liaw Yock Fang. Kuala Lumpur: YAYASAN KARYAWAN, 2003 (ISBN 983-9510-06-1); 440 hlm. • Liaw Yock Fang. Undang-Undang Melaka, a critical edition. Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1976. • Undang-Undang Melaka. A Critical Edition, ed. by Liaw Yock Fang, Doctoral Thesis (Proefschrift) Leiden University, The Hague: De Nederlandsche Boek- en Steendrukkerij/ Verlagshuis S. L. Smits, 1976. • Liaw Yock Fang, “The Undang-undang Melaka”, Melaka: The Transformation of a Malay Capital, c. 1400–1980, ed. by K. Singh Sandhu and P. Wheatley, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1983, vol. 1, pp. 180–94. • Liaw Yock Fang. Naskah Undang-Undang Melaka: Suatu Tinjauan. – "Sari" N 25. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2007, p. 85–94. • Winstedt, Richard O., “The Date of the Malacca Legal Codes”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1–2 (1953): 31–3. • Winstedt, R.O. and P.E. de Josselin de Jong, “The Maritime Laws of Malacca. Edited, with an outline translation”, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 29.3 (1956). See also[edit]
[ 15029, 592, 666, 2742, 2106, 198, 198, 4863, 15312, 11, 262, 1479, 45352, 44320, 1849, 7, 7738, 1060, 276, 422, 16027, 2106, 286, 15336, 8, 198, 36046, 284, 25, 16408, 11, 2989, 198, 198, 15029, 592, 666, 2742, 2106, 468, 587, 5295, 416, 2995, 32557, 257, 2278, 286, 617, 2237, 3470, 812, 13, 3226, 777, 11, 1115, 1688, 9574, 547, 5688, 4497, 329, 23610, 262, 1459, 30031, 1080, 13, 383, 717, 373, 262, 16636, 286, 262, 5616, 8130, 37399, 378, 379, 262, 3726, 286, 262, 1315, 400, 4289, 26, 1218, 373, 262, 4104, 286, 3449, 287, 262, 17673, 3968, 26, 290, 3443, 11, 290, 3737, 262, 749, 2383, 287, 3660, 15336, 11, 373, 3517, 17091, 3896, 543, 3181, 351, 340, 9758, 1230, 290, 262, 2219, 1099, 1080, 13, 198, 198, 50, 30454, 378, 286, 5616, 8130, 58, 19312, 60, 198, 198, 7191, 262, 13360, 286, 262, 37399, 378, 11, 5616, 8130, 373, 281, 1593, 7313, 2493, 290, 262, 9262, 286, 1099, 290, 1502, 373, 8780, 284, 663, 19519, 13, 383, 3662, 286, 5316, 373, 4624, 739, 262, 1277, 3877, 286, 262, 19396, 993, 3301, 357, 273, 4039, 5342, 8, 508, 25805, 1111, 1964, 290, 13657, 5499, 13, 383, 2169, 268, 1130, 2150, 357, 4758, 318, 262, 11561, 286, 6553, 290, 1644, 8, 373, 4497, 329, 30200, 278, 12954, 11, 10941, 19224, 290, 4143, 5291, 262, 4167, 13, 383, 9490, 286, 19670, 35173, 287, 262, 1181, 373, 3114, 706, 416, 1811, 427, 993, 3903, 945, 357, 5976, 454, 18159, 290, 26668, 286, 17112, 737, 198, 198, 22253, 318, 1900, 286, 262, 2742, 1080, 287, 883, 1528, 475, 340, 318, 4143, 6292, 326, 262, 1099, 17169, 788, 373, 257, 6087, 286, 3765, 1099, 290, 262, 366, 2782, 265, 5825, 268, 1130, 2150, 1, 357, 8071, 380, 998, 282, 4434, 323, 33093, 1099, 737, 383, 366, 2782, 265, 5825, 1516, 2150, 1, 373, 262, 1099, 286, 262, 37399, 393, 262, 1099, 36777, 416, 262, 24925, 290, 1568, 8197, 287, 262, 584, 7652, 286, 7507, 1040, 934, 15336, 13, 632, 373, 262, 4308, 286, 262, 1099, 355, 1043, 287, 4434, 323, 2742, 3100, 3558, 14102, 1022, 262, 1315, 400, 290, 678, 400, 10675, 13, 198, 198, 464, 8766, 2742, 2420, 286, 4569, 5616, 8130, 19954, 286, 262, 13794, 648, 12, 31319, 648, 5616, 8130, 357, 43, 8356, 286, 5616, 8130, 828, 2972, 306, 1444, 262, 367, 2724, 388, 14248, 403, 5616, 8130, 290, 371, 28456, 265, 367, 2724, 388, 14248, 403, 11, 290, 262, 13794, 648, 12, 31319, 648, 406, 2306, 5616, 8130, 357, 1169, 45411, 21153, 286, 5616, 8130, 42669, 16, 60, 383, 3657, 355, 3194, 287, 262, 2742, 3100, 3558, 1816, 832, 281, 16673, 1429, 13, 383, 2742, 3173, 326, 4191, 12572, 547, 14292, 416, 1115, 1388, 16717, 11, 14811, 262, 1903, 1729, 12, 521, 12357, 16397, 14, 33, 4185, 10034, 6761, 11, 3449, 290, 262, 17673, 366, 324, 265, 1911, 198, 198, 22030, 290, 3517, 4588, 58, 19312, 60, 198, 198, 2215, 5616, 8130, 3214, 656, 262, 2832, 286, 262, 21813, 422, 1315, 1157, 284, 1467, 3901, 290, 262, 10914, 422, 1467, 3901, 10597, 1596, 4521, 11, 262, 1957, 661, 3767, 284, 44811, 5533, 3657, 290, 4434, 323, 17112, 13, 632, 714, 307, 531, 326, 262, 21813, 290, 262, 10914, 3657, 925, 5365, 1310, 2928, 319, 262, 2742, 1080, 355, 257, 2187, 584, 621, 262, 1964, 290, 11553, 8573, 13, 198, 198, 818, 1596, 4521, 11, 5491, 9477, 262, 7022, 286, 7507, 648, 11, 262, 717, 7674, 287, 15336, 284, 2121, 656, 3517, 2832, 13, 383, 1388, 662, 19596, 341, 286, 262, 3517, 18618, 1141, 262, 717, 4647, 706, 262, 16636, 286, 7507, 648, 11, 373, 262, 9262, 286, 617, 1296, 286, 1502, 290, 284, 428, 886, 11, 1957, 17112, 290, 1099, 547, 3142, 284, 2555, 475, 45735, 416, 884, 16690, 286, 262, 3594, 1099, 355, 547, 3177, 655, 290, 13604, 1153, 13, 2773, 2553, 43547, 1138, 276, 503, 743, 1283, 2138, 6283, 416, 1909, 338, 3210, 475, 340, 815, 307, 28068, 287, 2000, 326, 484, 6974, 12548, 262, 11859, 290, 1690, 23458, 3403, 286, 883, 36304, 1528, 13, 20011, 6003, 290, 32890, 547, 925, 625, 867, 812, 329, 257, 1365, 1080, 286, 38849, 5316, 13, 9461, 11, 340, 1625, 287, 262, 1296, 286, 262, 8111, 23006, 286, 4796, 286, 1248, 2998, 13, 383, 23006, 318, 262, 749, 2383, 1785, 287, 30031, 2742, 2106, 355, 340, 7498, 262, 3726, 286, 262, 20693, 9793, 286, 3594, 1099, 656, 428, 1499, 13, 383, 23006, 4920, 262, 3078, 286, 4794, 291, 1300, 286, 262, 9005, 286, 11769, 6, 7022, 357, 292, 7507, 648, 373, 788, 1900, 8, 284, 5517, 12934, 287, 477, 3026, 11, 4301, 290, 21399, 46360, 6067, 13, 632, 373, 16173, 416, 262, 8028, 355, 16118, 284, 7507, 648, 262, 1099, 286, 4492, 355, 340, 6204, 287, 1248, 2998, 44061, 355, 340, 373, 11080, 284, 1957, 3403, 290, 5917, 13, 198, 198, 2215, 7507, 648, 11, 12551, 11, 543, 373, 9393, 416, 262, 3517, 287, 1248, 1129, 1863, 351, 5616, 8130, 11, 543, 3214, 284, 262, 3517, 355, 257, 3292, 12, 2364, 739, 262, 27525, 12, 49717, 21345, 286, 1248, 1731, 11, 7042, 262, 15195, 896, 45404, 287, 1248, 2075, 11, 257, 649, 17422, 11, 262, 23006, 286, 4796, 373, 5495, 13, 317, 649, 2184, 1444, 705, 464, 3078, 286, 4794, 291, 1300, 286, 9005, 286, 11769, 6, 5451, 11, 12551, 290, 5616, 8130, 1, 373, 2727, 416, 428, 23006, 13, 7507, 648, 287, 257, 2565, 550, 257, 1218, 20693, 16307, 286, 3594, 1099, 3584, 340, 373, 262, 717, 329, 12551, 290, 5616, 8130, 13, 554, 530, 14000, 286, 262, 3112, 11, 262, 15195, 896, 41479, 3639, 2722, 257, 1588, 10742, 286, 3594, 1099, 13, 198, 198, 8332, 262, 649, 23006, 11, 262, 3662, 286, 5316, 373, 1290, 422, 29962, 13, 317, 2368, 23006, 286, 4796, 373, 7520, 287, 1248, 2816, 543, 9343, 262, 35459, 5612, 286, 262, 2184, 1080, 13, 554, 1248, 3134, 11, 618, 262, 3662, 286, 262, 15195, 896, 41479, 3639, 422, 3794, 373, 11172, 284, 262, 37726, 4452, 11, 262, 2184, 1080, 373, 35459, 1417, 1752, 757, 13, 2750, 14230, 14149, 642, 286, 1248, 3104, 11, 262, 3078, 286, 4794, 291, 1300, 286, 9005, 286, 11769, 6, 5451, 11, 12551, 290, 5616, 8130, 373, 32424, 13, 317, 649, 2184, 1900, 355, 262, 5617, 3078, 286, 262, 15195, 896, 41479, 3639, 373, 4920, 13, 554, 1248, 4790, 11, 262, 5617, 3078, 373, 2252, 35459, 1417, 739, 1440, 10266, 784, 262, 5953, 4796, 11, 262, 4796, 286, 7507, 648, 11, 262, 14017, 11634, 271, 710, 8974, 290, 262, 20000, 11634, 271, 710, 8974, 13, 383, 3078, 286, 17264, 15184, 373, 4920, 355, 257, 4301, 2184, 290, 45022, 625, 416, 262, 14017, 290, 20000, 11634, 271, 710, 42495, 287, 12551, 290, 7507, 648, 8148, 13, 317, 3078, 286, 31876, 373, 635, 27276, 13, 2750, 788, 11, 262, 30461, 550, 6364, 12572, 656, 663, 3660, 1296, 13, 198, 198, 15823, 5068, 1099, 373, 15832, 5495, 656, 262, 15195, 896, 41479, 3639, 416, 7275, 718, 286, 262, 7511, 3854, 14230, 14149, 11, 1248, 3695, 13, 770, 8287, 11, 355, 302, 12, 268, 23800, 287, 262, 7511, 3854, 2191, 11, 25190, 357, 18009, 1417, 16101, 828, 318, 991, 9723, 287, 7507, 648, 290, 5616, 8130, 13, 198, 198, 15823, 1956, 1099, 373, 5734, 15009, 416, 850, 12, 5458, 362, 13, 383, 2187, 2665, 286, 428, 14230, 14149, 373, 16560, 656, 262, 7511, 3854, 14230, 14149, 286, 41507, 290, 1568, 302, 12, 268, 23800, 355, 7275, 642, 286, 262, 7511, 3854, 14230, 14149, 357, 1925, 499, 13, 5433, 286, 262, 27653, 31492, 5061, 737, 770, 373, 262, 2742, 3074, 287, 262, 15195, 896, 41479, 3639, 1566, 663, 37494, 287, 22717, 1708, 262, 9978, 286, 262, 4434, 22931, 4479, 13, 198, 198, 464, 20693, 9793, 286, 3594, 1099, 284, 262, 35089, 515, 4434, 323, 1829, 27918, 262, 2585, 286, 2448, 461, 11, 15300, 648, 273, 11, 350, 993, 648, 290, 3169, 1362, 72, 12449, 33473, 272, 5091, 287, 28684, 351, 262, 9793, 286, 262, 7511, 3854, 2039, 529, 434, 11, 28684, 13, 383, 791, 69, 5702, 515, 4434, 323, 1829, 11, 17747, 262, 2585, 286, 509, 276, 993, 11, 24316, 271, 11, 15150, 415, 272, 11, 309, 567, 782, 1030, 84, 290, 16053, 273, 11, 2627, 636, 286, 262, 11937, 286, 4434, 11729, 287, 21794, 290, 262, 7511, 3854, 357, 11627, 3004, 8, 14230, 14149, 11, 27937, 11, 7083, 262, 3586, 286, 262, 2039, 529, 434, 284, 777, 2585, 13, 198, 198, 10265, 10865, 902, 547, 6928, 416, 262, 7511, 3854, 14230, 14149, 11, 25190, 11, 543, 5625, 284, 477, 22216, 2585, 286, 262, 11937, 13, 1649, 15336, 373, 4920, 287, 19342, 11, 340, 2627, 3306, 284, 25625, 786, 262, 1099, 284, 1011, 1245, 287, 9910, 993, 290, 6866, 707, 461, 13, 383, 25190, 14230, 14149, 373, 788, 22754, 15395, 416, 262, 7511, 3854, 2191, 11, 25190, 357, 260, 16149, 16101, 8, 543, 1625, 656, 2700, 319, 352, 3035, 16101, 13, 628, 198, 50286, 16, 13, 10563, 7178, 30679, 83, 11, 6219, 13, 383, 7536, 286, 262, 4434, 43552, 16027, 44380, 13, 784, 383, 4913, 286, 262, 8111, 1081, 72, 1512, 7023, 286, 3878, 5491, 290, 7517, 11, 1400, 13, 352, 14, 17, 11, 2758, 13, 24217, 13, 628, 198, 50286, 3581, 13794, 648, 12, 31319, 648, 5616, 8130, 1222, 13794, 648, 12, 31319, 648, 406, 2306, 13, 12058, 49520, 86, 575, 735, 24468, 13, 48880, 49001, 25, 575, 4792, 1921, 1565, 509, 13153, 12298, 1565, 11, 5816, 357, 1797, 15766, 860, 5999, 12, 3865, 940, 12, 3312, 12, 16, 1776, 33879, 289, 75, 76, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 49520, 86, 575, 735, 24468, 13, 13794, 648, 12, 31319, 648, 5616, 8130, 11, 257, 4688, 8313, 13, 17431, 676, 75, 45961, 2262, 34272, 315, 410, 2675, 11940, 282, 20995, 6379, 12, 551, 4709, 3464, 74, 917, 68, 11, 5780, 385, 399, 2926, 36092, 11, 383, 37206, 11, 15408, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 13794, 648, 12, 31319, 648, 5616, 8130, 13, 317, 17684, 5061, 11, 1225, 13, 416, 49520, 86, 575, 735, 24468, 11, 9356, 282, 383, 13429, 357, 2964, 891, 20601, 35357, 8, 1004, 14029, 2059, 11, 383, 37206, 25, 1024, 399, 5702, 1044, 15952, 3248, 988, 12, 551, 2441, 437, 622, 74, 6122, 2926, 14, 4643, 30909, 1477, 84, 271, 311, 13, 406, 13, 2439, 896, 11, 15408, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 49520, 86, 575, 735, 24468, 11, 564, 250, 464, 13794, 648, 12, 917, 648, 5616, 8130, 447, 251, 11, 5616, 8130, 25, 383, 49127, 286, 257, 4434, 323, 9747, 11, 269, 13, 36641, 1906, 23664, 11, 1225, 13, 416, 509, 13, 14403, 3837, 13415, 290, 350, 13, 34744, 1636, 11, 48880, 49001, 25, 13643, 2059, 4332, 11, 13540, 11, 2322, 13, 352, 11, 9788, 13, 11546, 1906, 5824, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 49520, 86, 575, 735, 24468, 13, 399, 2093, 993, 13794, 648, 12, 31319, 648, 5616, 8130, 25, 1778, 33419, 22894, 73, 559, 272, 13, 784, 366, 50, 2743, 1, 399, 1679, 13, 9801, 72, 25, 26986, 8846, 509, 1765, 648, 11400, 272, 15336, 11, 4343, 11, 279, 13, 1849, 5332, 1906, 5824, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 7178, 30679, 83, 11, 6219, 440, 1539, 564, 250, 464, 7536, 286, 262, 4434, 43552, 16027, 44380, 447, 251, 11, 4913, 286, 262, 8111, 1081, 72, 1512, 7023, 286, 3878, 5491, 290, 7517, 11, 352, 1906, 17, 357, 1129, 4310, 2599, 3261, 1906, 18, 13, 198, 50286, 3581, 7178, 30679, 83, 11, 371, 13, 46, 13, 290, 350, 13, 36, 13, 390, 22568, 741, 259, 390, 17960, 11, 564, 250, 464, 45411, 21153, 286, 4434, 43552, 13, 34212, 11, 351, 281, 19001, 11059, 447, 251, 11, 4913, 286, 262, 4434, 22931, 20551, 286, 262, 8111, 1081, 72, 1512, 7023, 11, 2808, 13, 18, 357, 1129, 3980, 737, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 58, 19312, 60, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,960
Under contruction icon-red The following page is under construction. 1. Name- Kingdom of Denmark. 2. Capital city- Copenhagen. 3. Largest city/town- Copenhagen. 4. Other cities/towns- Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, Kauniainen,Tampere, Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Lahti, Kuopio, Kristiansand, Mariehamn, Pamu, Kanus, Nava, Stockholm, Hillerød, Malmo, Aarhus, Talin, Aalborg, Tatu, Oslo, Hanko, Odense, Roskilde, Lubeck, Vejle and Odense. 5. Leader- 6. Deputy leader- 7. Regime- Democratic center-right Nordic-style welfare state constitutional monarchy. 8. Language- Faroese, Greenlandic, German, Finnish, Swedish, Sami, Bergensk, 'Kebab' Norwegian Landsmål, Sognamål, Trøndersk, Valdris, Vestlandsk, Vikværsk, Bokmål, Høgnorsk, Nynorsk, Samnorsk, Riksmål, Frissian, Somali, Urdu, Hindi, Romanian, Low German, Saxon, Finnish, Romani, Hebrew, Polish, Somali, Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Russian, Turkish and Dutch. 9. Religion- Lutheran, Calvinist, Russian Orthadox, Romanian Orthodox, Hindu, Catholic, Sunni Islam and Jews. 10. Population- 12,500,000. 11. Economy- Farming, fishing, quarrying, mining, peat cutting, metallurgy, hydropower generation and farming. The making and export of lumber, processed seafood, bottled water, stone, Peat, salt, diatomite, chalk, nickel ore, nickel ingots, lard and raw fish. 12. Climate- Temperate, hemiboreal Oceanic climate, Alpine, humid continental, sub-polar oceanic, maritime, subarctic and boreal. 13. Military- 7,500. 14. Economic strength- high Ad blocker interference detected!
[ 9203, 542, 2762, 7196, 12, 445, 383, 1708, 2443, 318, 739, 5103, 13, 628, 198, 50286, 16, 13, 6530, 12, 7526, 286, 16490, 13, 198, 50286, 17, 13, 9747, 1748, 12, 31104, 13, 198, 50286, 18, 13, 406, 853, 395, 1748, 14, 12735, 12, 31104, 13, 198, 50286, 19, 13, 3819, 4736, 14, 12735, 82, 12, 47688, 11, 20386, 2238, 11, 569, 4910, 64, 11, 509, 1942, 72, 391, 268, 11, 42061, 431, 260, 11, 8484, 84, 11, 440, 15712, 11, 449, 88, 85, 11033, 15688, 75, 11033, 11, 30693, 20259, 11, 12554, 404, 952, 11, 14912, 1547, 392, 11, 20492, 2763, 77, 11, 24497, 84, 11, 14248, 385, 11, 399, 4170, 11, 29679, 11, 3327, 263, 24172, 67, 11, 4434, 5908, 11, 317, 283, 7537, 11, 7193, 259, 11, 317, 282, 23297, 11, 29070, 84, 11, 39636, 11, 24386, 78, 11, 10529, 1072, 11, 10018, 74, 44725, 11, 406, 3266, 694, 11, 8016, 73, 293, 290, 10529, 1072, 13, 198, 50286, 20, 13, 10540, 12, 198, 50286, 21, 13, 15110, 3554, 12, 198, 50286, 22, 13, 3310, 524, 12, 4390, 3641, 12, 3506, 35834, 12, 7635, 9490, 1181, 9758, 35184, 13, 198, 50286, 23, 13, 15417, 12, 6755, 78, 2771, 11, 30155, 291, 11, 2679, 11, 26838, 11, 14023, 11, 3409, 72, 11, 24626, 641, 74, 11, 705, 42, 1765, 397, 6, 22158, 24182, 76, 29090, 75, 11, 311, 2360, 321, 29090, 75, 11, 833, 24172, 358, 364, 74, 11, 38552, 2442, 11, 39034, 4447, 74, 11, 10447, 85, 21241, 3808, 74, 11, 47390, 76, 29090, 75, 11, 367, 24172, 4593, 669, 74, 11, 399, 2047, 669, 74, 11, 3409, 77, 669, 74, 11, 30385, 591, 76, 29090, 75, 11, 1305, 747, 666, 11, 30886, 11, 8799, 646, 11, 43443, 11, 34344, 11, 7754, 2679, 11, 29242, 261, 11, 26838, 11, 3570, 3216, 11, 16505, 11, 15945, 11, 30886, 11, 24633, 666, 11, 5476, 85, 666, 11, 49033, 666, 11, 3394, 11, 9663, 290, 10914, 13, 198, 50286, 24, 13, 21741, 12, 43772, 11, 25017, 396, 11, 3394, 47664, 324, 1140, 11, 34344, 17650, 11, 16397, 11, 7835, 11, 18592, 3449, 290, 6771, 13, 198, 50286, 940, 13, 20133, 12, 1105, 11, 4059, 11, 830, 13, 198, 50286, 1157, 13, 18493, 12, 39831, 11, 12478, 11, 47780, 278, 11, 9691, 11, 613, 265, 7720, 11, 1138, 439, 38140, 11, 7409, 1773, 789, 5270, 290, 16035, 13, 383, 1642, 290, 10784, 286, 34840, 11, 13686, 31473, 11, 34123, 1660, 11, 7815, 11, 2631, 265, 11, 8268, 11, 2566, 37696, 578, 11, 30860, 11, 30666, 23751, 11, 30666, 5347, 1747, 11, 300, 446, 290, 8246, 5916, 13, 198, 50286, 1065, 13, 13963, 12, 5825, 30052, 11, 16869, 571, 39396, 10692, 291, 4258, 11, 46994, 11, 35441, 29843, 11, 850, 12, 79, 6192, 9151, 291, 11, 30017, 11, 850, 283, 11048, 290, 18631, 282, 13, 198, 50286, 1485, 13, 12842, 12, 767, 11, 4059, 13, 198, 50286, 1415, 13, 11279, 4202, 12, 1029, 198, 198, 2782, 38731, 14517, 12326, 0, 628, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
500
Get Your Natural Gas Shopping List Ready: Eric Nuttall Source: The Energy Report Natural gas is cheap, but it's going to get cheaper. Eric Nuttall, lead portfolio manager of the Sprott Energy Fund, expects the bottom to fall out of the natural gas market as soon as this summer. But he's not all doom and gloom. In fact, he argues that natural gas is about to give investors the buying opportunity of the decade. In addition, Nuttall forecasts spectacular growth for oil-weighted juniors. In this exclusive interview with The Energy Report, he urges investors to get their shopping lists ready for a massive sale in natural gas names. The Energy Report: Eric, in your Q411 market commentary for Sprott Energy Fund, you describe 2011 as a challenging year. What made the market so difficult for investors? Eric Nuttall: There were several factors: First, the weather failed to cooperate in Canada, where we had a very extended breakup in southeast Saskatchewan. We had epic levels of rainfall. We also had raging forest fires in parts of Alberta. The weather led to a low level of activity for much of the first half of 2011, and many companies struggled to fulfill their capex programs and meet their production targets. Natural gas pricing was very weak, which is something that I expect for the remainder of 2012. Meanwhile, equity markets were very volatile. There were many different factors, all of which oil and gas companies had to contend with. TER: You commented that despite the fact that, for the first time in history, the price of Brent crude oil averaged more than $100 per barrel (/bbl) during 2011, oil stocks languished. What was the issue here? Are markets fearful of negative global macroeconomic events? EN: In a word, yes. European debt issues captivated the public's attention for much of 2011, specifically worries about Italy, Portugal, Spain and most obviously Greece. Today, those fears seem to have abated somewhat, but there's still a tremendous level of uncertainty. I think there's lingering psychological trauma from 2008 and 2009 that encourages people to approach the market from a fear-driven mode as opposed to a greed-driven mode, meaning the appetite for risk is very low. You can see that in mutual fund industry money flows, where the only funds that are really garnering large cash inflows are dividend- or yield-oriented funds. That indicates retail investors are still worried we'll have some unexpected event that will lead to a selloff similar to the one markets experienced in 2008 and 2009. Most people simply can't afford to endure another one of those. TER: Let's shift our focus to oil price action. Oil is up about 3–5% over the past 12 months, but it's basically flat. Is this a period of consolidation? What does that mean for equities? EN: It is a period of consolidation, and share prices today reflect that industry environment. Many stocks have descended well over 20% within the past two months. We've experienced a sharp selloff even though oil prices have remained very strong, and it feels like the market is oversold despite strong fundamentals. Although we had a poor U.S. employment number for March, I think people missed out on the operative word, which is "growth." Gross Domestic Product growth in China may be slowing to 7.5%, but by my math that still portends an approximate 400,000 barrel per day (400 Mbblpd) increase in oil demand. Nonetheless, some midcap stocks with market caps of under $1 billion (B) are growing production by over 50% with cash flow margins of over 50% and solid balance sheets. Yet they are trading under four times their enterprise value, which is very cheap. These strong underlying fundamentals and extraordinarily inexpensively priced stocks present a bit of a dichotomy. TER: You've discussed general market sentiment, but what is your outlook? Are you bullish over the next 12–18 months? EN: Yes I am. The world economy continues to grow, and the world oil market remains tight. We're eating through worldwide capacity, including some of OPEC's vapor barrels. TER: Speaking of OPEC, political tensions between the U.S. and Iran seem to have created a premium in oil. Electoral politics further elevate these tensions. Could this result in a selloff in the period leading up to the November 2012 election? EN: I would agree that there seems to be a political risk premium of around $15–20 built into the current oil price, although supply is in fact down about 800 Mbblpd since Iran sanctions were put in place. But as far as how the election may affect price action, my crystal ball isn't that clear. TER: Do you expect your sub-$1B market cap companies to continue their pace of 50% production growth? EN: Without question. Many companies have put on some hedges, and I'm a big proponent of that because investor risk tolerance has decreased since the 2008–2009 period. Hedging used to be a negative stigma for junior oil producers, the rationale being that if the price of oil went above their hedges, they'd be penalized; and if the price of oil dropped, the share price would still go down despite the protection of the hedges. In today's environment, people are more comfortable if an element of cash flow has been protected so that capex programs are guaranteed irrespective of the underlying commodity price. That said, I'm looking at many of these companies that are sitting on 10–15 years of drilling inventory, and in parts of Canada they can get 5% royalty incentives for upwards of the first 60–80+ Mbbl oil produced, depending on the well. The first couple of years can be wildly economic. The situation is that there is a strong commodity price, and for companies with hedging in place and extended drilling inventory for 10, 15 or even 20 years, the outlook of that growth rate is well maintained. TER: So is this the sweet spot in energy right now? EN: That's a good question because it leads me to my current strategy. Even with the risk premium for oil prices we discussed, I feel that fundamentals will remain strong. Thus, I want to be invested in oil through the subset of roughly $300M–1B-market cap stocks that have been severely penalized in spite of the very strong price of oil in Canada. With natural gas, however, the fundamentals are extraordinarily weak, and the outlook for the next several quarters looks bleak. I expect this summer to be extraordinarily volatile and weak for natural gas stocks. I don't think people appreciate just how terrible the current situation is and what's likely coming in the next couple of quarters. This summer, I expect the market to reach a point of maximum pessimism, with Canadian gas pricing below $1 per thousand cubic feet (/Mcf) and U.S. pricing below $2/Mcf. In a scenario of maxed-out physical storage, natural gas could become a no-bid. I think storage levels both in the U.S. and Canada will fill, and that may lead to a massive selloff. Ultimately, that could potentially lead to the investment opportunity of a decade. TER: You're talking about classic economic theory, where a no-bid would halt production and a rebound would eventually follow. EN: Yes. What's happened is that we've had the warmest winter in about 60 years. It's been an incredibly hot winter, which has led to very little heating demand in conjunction with, for a number of reasons, high levels of production. With demand so low, supply continues to increase, and now we are at a 900 billion cubic feet surplus, which is unbelievably shocking. Canadian storage today is around 83% full and we haven't even started the injection season yet. All things considered, it's just a terrible outlook for the next couple of quarters. And yet when you look at these natural gas stock prices, they're expensive. Even at a higher gas price, I still think the stocks are overvalued. I would not be surprised to see a selloff of another 10%, 20% or 30% in many of these names. TER: How do you interpret rumors of possible Asian demand for Canadian natural gas, an eventuality many analysts are hinting at? For example, Bloomberg recently reported that the CEO of Malaysian, state-owned Petroliam Nasional Bhd (Petronas) says he wants to make a $5B Canadian acquisition in the next three months in order to secure natural gas supplies for Asia. EN: In that case, I think people are misinterpreting what the gentleman meant. If you were sitting in his seat, the least logical thing to do if you're planning a corporate acquisition would be to foreshadow your move. What I think he meant is that he intends on forming a joint venture (JV) agreement with a company, such as an Encana Corp. (ECA:TSX; ECA:NYSE). I see the $5B number he mentioned was more of a reference to drilling costs; I'd be surprised if it referred to an outright corporate acquisition. There's a tremendous amount of product on the market right now, and given how capital-constrained many of these natural gas companies are today, the JV is a more likely scenario. Companies like ARC Resources Ltd. (ARX:TSX) and EnCana are aggressively looking for partners to assist them on drilling. TER: Asian demand aside, what catalysts should investors be watching for if they want to participate in the possible buying opportunity in natural gas you discussed earlier? EN: That's a great question. One may have to be patient, but the potential returns will incentivize being patient in terms of your investment time horizon. First of all, we'll likely have to wait for winter to get a sense of what the heating demand is for next year. Continued decreases in the natural gas-directed rig count would be another indicator. Finally, capitulation by investors in these stocks as they fall precipitously on very large volumes and in large blocks would be a key catalyst. People will just throw in the towel. The ultimate catalyst may even be gas going no-bid, when things frankly could not get any worse. TER: Rock bottom, in other words. Do you have any closing thoughts? EN: In summary, I would say the underlying fundamentals for oil remain strong, assuming the world doesn't slip into a global recession, which I think is very unlikely. Stocks have been extraordinarily weak over the past couple of weeks and months, but if one can be patient, these stocks represent a very good opportunity. As for natural gas, there will be a selloff in equities in the next couple of quarters, and investors need to have their shopping lists ready because these names are going to go on sale. TER: Thank you, Eric. I enjoyed this very much. EN: Likewise. Thank you. Eric Nuttall is a portfolio manager with Sprott Asset Management (SAM). He joined the firm in February 2003 as a research associate and was subsequently promoted to research analyst in 2005, associate portfolio manager in 2008 and then to portfolio manager in January 2010. He is co-manager of the Sprott Energy Fund along with Eric Sprott, and also co-manages the Sprott 2010 Flow-Through Limited Partnership with Allan Jacobs. In addition to his responsibilities for those two funds, Nuttall supports the rest of the Sprott portfolio management team by identifying top-performing oil and gas investment opportunities. Further, he contributes towards internal macro energy forecasts, and his insight into emerging unconventional plays has been covered in several financial publications such as The Wall Street Journal, Asia and Barron's. Nuttall graduated with high honors from Carleton University with an Honors Bachelor of international business.
[ 3855, 3406, 12068, 14345, 39109, 7343, 23432, 25, 7651, 11959, 35429, 198, 198, 7416, 25, 383, 6682, 6358, 198, 198, 35364, 3623, 318, 7026, 11, 475, 340, 338, 1016, 284, 651, 11721, 13, 7651, 11959, 35429, 11, 1085, 15320, 4706, 286, 262, 1338, 305, 926, 6682, 7557, 11, 13423, 262, 4220, 284, 2121, 503, 286, 262, 3288, 3623, 1910, 355, 2582, 355, 428, 3931, 13, 887, 339, 338, 407, 477, 27666, 290, 30338, 13, 554, 1109, 11, 339, 11673, 326, 3288, 3623, 318, 546, 284, 1577, 7713, 262, 7067, 3663, 286, 262, 5707, 13, 554, 3090, 11, 11959, 35429, 26119, 15013, 3349, 329, 3056, 12, 6551, 276, 10891, 12706, 13, 554, 428, 8568, 2720, 351, 1849, 464, 6682, 6358, 11, 339, 28804, 7713, 284, 651, 511, 9735, 8341, 3492, 329, 257, 4858, 5466, 287, 3288, 3623, 3891, 13, 628, 198, 464, 6682, 6358, 25, 1849, 25004, 11, 287, 534, 1195, 42224, 1910, 14604, 329, 1338, 305, 926, 6682, 7557, 11, 345, 6901, 2813, 355, 257, 9389, 614, 13, 1867, 925, 262, 1910, 523, 2408, 329, 7713, 30, 198, 198, 25004, 11959, 35429, 25, 1849, 1858, 547, 1811, 5087, 25, 3274, 11, 262, 6193, 4054, 284, 21270, 287, 3340, 11, 810, 356, 550, 257, 845, 7083, 41584, 287, 26015, 31346, 13, 775, 550, 12191, 2974, 286, 25807, 13, 775, 635, 550, 30082, 8222, 12252, 287, 3354, 286, 15555, 13, 383, 6193, 2957, 284, 257, 1877, 1241, 286, 3842, 329, 881, 286, 262, 717, 2063, 286, 2813, 11, 290, 867, 2706, 11615, 284, 14658, 511, 1275, 24900, 4056, 290, 1826, 511, 3227, 6670, 13, 12068, 3623, 13045, 373, 845, 4939, 11, 543, 318, 1223, 326, 314, 1607, 329, 262, 17675, 286, 2321, 13, 11214, 11, 13598, 5939, 547, 845, 22750, 13, 1318, 547, 867, 1180, 5087, 11, 477, 286, 543, 3056, 290, 3623, 2706, 550, 284, 24351, 351, 13, 198, 198, 5781, 25, 1849, 1639, 16476, 326, 3805, 262, 1109, 326, 11, 329, 262, 717, 640, 287, 2106, 11, 262, 2756, 286, 23357, 14897, 3056, 16449, 517, 621, 720, 3064, 583, 9036, 50247, 65, 2436, 8, 1141, 2813, 11, 3056, 14420, 2786, 1348, 13, 1867, 373, 262, 2071, 994, 30, 4231, 5939, 26844, 286, 4633, 3298, 15021, 17079, 2995, 30, 198, 198, 1677, 25, 1849, 818, 257, 1573, 11, 3763, 13, 3427, 5057, 2428, 3144, 30829, 262, 1171, 338, 3241, 329, 881, 286, 2813, 11, 5734, 18572, 546, 8031, 11, 19101, 11, 8602, 290, 749, 6189, 10315, 13, 6288, 11, 883, 10251, 1283, 284, 423, 450, 515, 6454, 11, 475, 612, 338, 991, 257, 12465, 1241, 286, 13479, 13, 314, 892, 612, 338, 28528, 10590, 14649, 422, 3648, 290, 3717, 326, 18656, 661, 284, 3164, 262, 1910, 422, 257, 3252, 12, 15808, 4235, 355, 6886, 284, 257, 25474, 12, 15808, 4235, 11, 3616, 262, 20788, 329, 2526, 318, 845, 1877, 13, 921, 460, 766, 326, 287, 13584, 1814, 2831, 1637, 15623, 11, 810, 262, 691, 5153, 326, 389, 1107, 34679, 278, 1588, 5003, 28472, 1666, 389, 30494, 12, 393, 7800, 12, 17107, 5153, 13, 1320, 9217, 6308, 7713, 389, 991, 7960, 356, 1183, 423, 617, 10059, 1785, 326, 481, 1085, 284, 257, 3677, 2364, 2092, 284, 262, 530, 5939, 5924, 287, 3648, 290, 3717, 13, 4042, 661, 2391, 460, 470, 5368, 284, 21178, 1194, 530, 286, 883, 13, 198, 198, 5781, 25, 1849, 5756, 338, 6482, 674, 2962, 284, 3056, 2756, 2223, 13, 11474, 318, 510, 546, 513, 1906, 20, 4, 625, 262, 1613, 1105, 1933, 11, 475, 340, 338, 6209, 6228, 13, 1148, 428, 257, 2278, 286, 31941, 30, 1867, 857, 326, 1612, 329, 1602, 871, 30, 198, 198, 1677, 25, 1849, 1026, 318, 257, 2278, 286, 31941, 11, 290, 2648, 4536, 1909, 4079, 326, 2831, 2858, 13, 4650, 14420, 423, 23667, 880, 625, 1160, 4, 1626, 262, 1613, 734, 1933, 13, 775, 1053, 5924, 257, 7786, 3677, 2364, 772, 996, 3056, 4536, 423, 6150, 845, 1913, 11, 290, 340, 5300, 588, 262, 1910, 318, 625, 24120, 3805, 1913, 33099, 13, 4900, 356, 550, 257, 3595, 471, 13, 50, 13, 7184, 1271, 329, 2805, 11, 314, 892, 661, 6825, 503, 319, 262, 28609, 1573, 11, 543, 318, 366, 27922, 526, 21796, 29015, 8721, 3349, 287, 2807, 743, 307, 21605, 284, 767, 13, 20, 7441, 475, 416, 616, 10688, 326, 991, 2493, 2412, 281, 27665, 7337, 11, 830, 9036, 583, 1110, 357, 7029, 40001, 2436, 30094, 8, 2620, 287, 3056, 3512, 13, 198, 198, 43258, 11, 617, 3095, 11128, 14420, 351, 1910, 11022, 286, 739, 720, 16, 2997, 357, 33, 8, 389, 3957, 3227, 416, 625, 2026, 4, 351, 5003, 5202, 20241, 286, 625, 2026, 4, 290, 4735, 5236, 15747, 13, 6430, 484, 389, 7313, 739, 1440, 1661, 511, 13953, 1988, 11, 543, 318, 845, 7026, 13, 2312, 1913, 10238, 33099, 290, 31999, 24475, 306, 19744, 14420, 1944, 257, 1643, 286, 257, 36638, 38385, 13, 198, 198, 5781, 25, 1849, 1639, 1053, 6693, 2276, 1910, 15598, 11, 475, 644, 318, 534, 19360, 30, 4231, 345, 50079, 625, 262, 1306, 1105, 1906, 1507, 1933, 30, 198, 198, 1677, 25, 1849, 5297, 314, 716, 13, 383, 995, 3773, 4477, 284, 1663, 11, 290, 262, 995, 3056, 1910, 3793, 5381, 13, 775, 821, 6600, 832, 8688, 5339, 11, 1390, 617, 286, 49280, 338, 20199, 17907, 13, 198, 198, 5781, 25, 1849, 13887, 286, 49280, 11, 1964, 15733, 1022, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 290, 4068, 1283, 284, 423, 2727, 257, 8683, 287, 3056, 13, 27557, 4819, 2252, 36830, 777, 15733, 13, 10347, 428, 1255, 287, 257, 3677, 2364, 287, 262, 2278, 3756, 510, 284, 262, 3389, 2321, 3071, 30, 198, 198, 1677, 25, 1849, 40, 561, 4236, 326, 612, 2331, 284, 307, 257, 1964, 2526, 8683, 286, 1088, 720, 1314, 1906, 1238, 3170, 656, 262, 1459, 3056, 2756, 11, 3584, 5127, 318, 287, 1109, 866, 546, 10460, 40001, 2436, 30094, 1201, 4068, 9388, 547, 1234, 287, 1295, 13, 887, 355, 1290, 355, 703, 262, 3071, 743, 2689, 2756, 2223, 11, 616, 15121, 2613, 2125, 470, 326, 1598, 13, 198, 198, 5781, 25, 1849, 5211, 345, 1607, 534, 850, 22799, 16, 33, 1910, 1451, 2706, 284, 2555, 511, 8761, 286, 2026, 4, 3227, 3349, 30, 198, 198, 1677, 25, 1849, 16249, 1808, 13, 4650, 2706, 423, 1234, 319, 617, 16418, 3212, 11, 290, 314, 1101, 257, 1263, 42461, 286, 326, 780, 15811, 2526, 15621, 468, 11832, 1201, 262, 3648, 1906, 10531, 2278, 13, 30920, 2667, 973, 284, 307, 257, 4633, 26695, 329, 13430, 3056, 11408, 11, 262, 25738, 852, 326, 611, 262, 2756, 286, 3056, 1816, 2029, 511, 16418, 3212, 11, 484, 1549, 307, 23634, 1143, 26, 290, 611, 262, 2756, 286, 3056, 5710, 11, 262, 2648, 2756, 561, 991, 467, 866, 3805, 262, 4800, 286, 262, 16418, 3212, 13, 554, 1909, 338, 2858, 11, 661, 389, 517, 6792, 611, 281, 5002, 286, 5003, 5202, 468, 587, 6861, 523, 326, 1275, 24900, 4056, 389, 11462, 40611, 286, 262, 10238, 19464, 2756, 13, 198, 198, 2504, 531, 11, 314, 1101, 2045, 379, 867, 286, 777, 2706, 326, 389, 5586, 319, 838, 1906, 1314, 812, 286, 19747, 13184, 11, 290, 287, 3354, 286, 3340, 484, 460, 651, 642, 4, 29359, 16538, 329, 21032, 286, 262, 717, 3126, 1906, 1795, 10, 40001, 2436, 3056, 4635, 11, 6906, 319, 262, 880, 13, 383, 717, 3155, 286, 812, 460, 307, 20278, 3034, 13, 383, 3074, 318, 326, 612, 318, 257, 1913, 19464, 2756, 11, 290, 329, 2706, 351, 16418, 2667, 287, 1295, 290, 7083, 19747, 13184, 329, 838, 11, 1315, 393, 772, 1160, 812, 11, 262, 19360, 286, 326, 3349, 2494, 318, 880, 9456, 13, 198, 198, 5781, 25, 1849, 2396, 318, 428, 262, 6029, 4136, 287, 2568, 826, 783, 30, 198, 198, 1677, 25, 1849, 2504, 338, 257, 922, 1808, 780, 340, 5983, 502, 284, 616, 1459, 4811, 13, 3412, 351, 262, 2526, 8683, 329, 3056, 4536, 356, 6693, 11, 314, 1254, 326, 33099, 481, 3520, 1913, 13, 6660, 11, 314, 765, 284, 307, 13356, 287, 3056, 832, 262, 24637, 286, 7323, 720, 6200, 44, 1906, 16, 33, 12, 10728, 1451, 14420, 326, 423, 587, 15052, 23634, 1143, 287, 15275, 286, 262, 845, 1913, 2756, 286, 3056, 287, 3340, 13, 198, 198, 3152, 3288, 3623, 11, 2158, 11, 262, 33099, 389, 31999, 4939, 11, 290, 262, 19360, 329, 262, 1306, 1811, 13620, 3073, 30942, 13, 314, 1607, 428, 3931, 284, 307, 31999, 22750, 290, 4939, 329, 3288, 3623, 14420, 13, 314, 836, 470, 892, 661, 9144, 655, 703, 7818, 262, 1459, 3074, 318, 290, 644, 338, 1884, 2406, 287, 262, 1306, 3155, 286, 13620, 13, 770, 3931, 11, 314, 1607, 262, 1910, 284, 3151, 257, 966, 286, 5415, 32277, 1042, 11, 351, 5398, 3623, 13045, 2174, 720, 16, 583, 7319, 27216, 3625, 50247, 9742, 69, 8, 290, 471, 13, 50, 13, 13045, 2174, 720, 17, 14, 9742, 69, 13, 554, 257, 8883, 286, 3509, 276, 12, 448, 3518, 6143, 11, 3288, 3623, 714, 1716, 257, 645, 12, 14065, 13, 314, 892, 6143, 2974, 1111, 287, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 290, 3340, 481, 6070, 11, 290, 326, 743, 1085, 284, 257, 4858, 3677, 2364, 13, 24199, 11, 326, 714, 6196, 1085, 284, 262, 4896, 3663, 286, 257, 5707, 13, 198, 198, 5781, 25, 1849, 1639, 821, 3375, 546, 6833, 3034, 4583, 11, 810, 257, 645, 12, 14065, 561, 17369, 3227, 290, 257, 23623, 561, 4191, 1061, 13, 198, 198, 1677, 25, 1849, 5297, 13, 1867, 338, 3022, 318, 326, 356, 1053, 550, 262, 5814, 395, 7374, 287, 546, 3126, 812, 13, 632, 338, 587, 281, 8131, 3024, 7374, 11, 543, 468, 2957, 284, 845, 1310, 16930, 3512, 287, 17856, 351, 11, 329, 257, 1271, 286, 3840, 11, 1029, 2974, 286, 3227, 13, 2080, 3512, 523, 1877, 11, 5127, 4477, 284, 2620, 11, 290, 783, 356, 389, 379, 257, 15897, 2997, 27216, 3625, 18201, 11, 543, 318, 48943, 14702, 13, 5398, 6143, 1909, 318, 1088, 9698, 4, 1336, 290, 356, 4398, 470, 772, 2067, 262, 16954, 1622, 1865, 13, 1439, 1243, 3177, 11, 340, 338, 655, 257, 7818, 19360, 329, 262, 1306, 3155, 286, 13620, 13, 843, 1865, 618, 345, 804, 379, 777, 3288, 3623, 4283, 4536, 11, 484, 821, 5789, 13, 3412, 379, 257, 2440, 3623, 2756, 11, 314, 991, 892, 262, 14420, 389, 625, 39728, 13, 314, 561, 407, 307, 6655, 284, 766, 257, 3677, 2364, 286, 1194, 838, 7441, 1160, 4, 393, 1542, 4, 287, 867, 286, 777, 3891, 13, 198, 198, 5781, 25, 1849, 2437, 466, 345, 6179, 14923, 286, 1744, 7740, 3512, 329, 5398, 3288, 3623, 11, 281, 19657, 414, 867, 13440, 389, 9254, 278, 379, 30, 1114, 1672, 11, 1849, 47696, 1849, 49921, 306, 2098, 326, 262, 6123, 286, 30031, 11, 1181, 12, 11990, 4767, 3225, 1789, 22767, 1538, 16581, 67, 357, 25803, 1313, 292, 8, 1139, 339, 3382, 284, 787, 257, 720, 20, 33, 5398, 12673, 287, 262, 1306, 1115, 1933, 287, 1502, 284, 5713, 3288, 3623, 9416, 329, 7229, 13, 198, 198, 1677, 25, 1849, 818, 326, 1339, 11, 314, 892, 661, 389, 2984, 3849, 3866, 889, 644, 262, 22427, 4001, 13, 1002, 345, 547, 5586, 287, 465, 5852, 11, 262, 1551, 12219, 1517, 284, 466, 611, 345, 821, 5410, 257, 6355, 12673, 561, 307, 284, 1674, 19106, 534, 1445, 13, 1867, 314, 892, 339, 4001, 318, 326, 339, 19582, 319, 14583, 257, 6466, 13189, 357, 41697, 8, 4381, 351, 257, 1664, 11, 884, 355, 281, 1849, 27195, 2271, 11421, 13, 357, 36600, 25, 4694, 55, 26, 412, 8141, 25, 49430, 737, 314, 766, 262, 720, 20, 33, 1271, 339, 4750, 373, 517, 286, 257, 4941, 284, 19747, 3484, 26, 314, 1549, 307, 6655, 611, 340, 6412, 284, 281, 15828, 6355, 12673, 13, 1318, 338, 257, 12465, 2033, 286, 1720, 319, 262, 1910, 826, 783, 11, 290, 1813, 703, 3139, 12, 1102, 2536, 1328, 867, 286, 777, 3288, 3623, 2706, 389, 1909, 11, 262, 449, 53, 318, 257, 517, 1884, 8883, 13, 24382, 588, 1849, 25793, 13864, 12052, 13, 357, 1503, 55, 25, 4694, 55, 8, 1849, 392, 2039, 34, 2271, 389, 19855, 2045, 329, 4887, 284, 3342, 606, 319, 19747, 13, 198, 198, 5781, 25, 1849, 43224, 3512, 7263, 11, 644, 36745, 6448, 815, 7713, 307, 4964, 329, 611, 484, 765, 284, 8277, 287, 262, 1744, 7067, 3663, 287, 3288, 3623, 345, 6693, 2961, 30, 198, 198, 1677, 25, 1849, 2504, 338, 257, 1049, 1808, 13, 1881, 743, 423, 284, 307, 5827, 11, 475, 262, 2785, 5860, 481, 39678, 1096, 852, 5827, 287, 2846, 286, 534, 4896, 640, 17810, 13, 3274, 286, 477, 11, 356, 1183, 1884, 423, 284, 4043, 329, 7374, 284, 651, 257, 2565, 286, 644, 262, 16930, 3512, 318, 329, 1306, 614, 13, 22168, 20638, 287, 262, 3288, 3623, 12, 34762, 7805, 954, 561, 307, 1194, 16916, 13, 9461, 11, 46964, 1741, 416, 7713, 287, 777, 14420, 355, 484, 2121, 18812, 270, 3481, 319, 845, 1588, 15343, 290, 287, 1588, 7021, 561, 307, 257, 1994, 31357, 13, 4380, 481, 655, 3714, 287, 262, 24808, 13, 383, 8713, 31357, 743, 772, 307, 3623, 1016, 645, 12, 14065, 11, 618, 1243, 17813, 714, 407, 651, 597, 4785, 13, 198, 198, 5781, 25, 1849, 19665, 4220, 11, 287, 584, 2456, 13, 2141, 345, 423, 597, 9605, 6066, 30, 198, 198, 1677, 25, 1849, 818, 10638, 11, 314, 561, 910, 262, 10238, 33099, 329, 3056, 3520, 1913, 11, 13148, 262, 995, 1595, 470, 13819, 656, 257, 3298, 16457, 11, 543, 314, 892, 318, 845, 7485, 13, 520, 3320, 423, 587, 31999, 4939, 625, 262, 1613, 3155, 286, 2745, 290, 1933, 11, 475, 611, 530, 460, 307, 5827, 11, 777, 14420, 2380, 257, 845, 922, 3663, 13, 1081, 329, 3288, 3623, 11, 612, 481, 307, 257, 3677, 2364, 287, 1602, 871, 287, 262, 1306, 3155, 286, 13620, 11, 290, 7713, 761, 284, 423, 511, 9735, 8341, 3492, 780, 777, 3891, 389, 1016, 284, 467, 319, 5466, 13, 198, 198, 5781, 25, 1849, 10449, 345, 11, 7651, 13, 314, 8359, 428, 845, 881, 13, 198, 198, 1677, 25, 1849, 45872, 13, 6952, 345, 13, 198, 198, 25004, 11959, 35429, 1849, 271, 257, 15320, 4706, 351, 1338, 305, 926, 31433, 8549, 357, 49302, 737, 679, 5399, 262, 4081, 287, 3945, 5816, 355, 257, 2267, 11602, 290, 373, 12412, 13722, 284, 2267, 12499, 287, 5075, 11, 11602, 15320, 4706, 287, 3648, 290, 788, 284, 15320, 4706, 287, 3269, 3050, 13, 679, 318, 763, 12, 37153, 286, 262, 1338, 305, 926, 6682, 7557, 1863, 351, 7651, 1338, 305, 926, 11, 290, 635, 763, 12, 805, 1095, 262, 1338, 305, 926, 3050, 27782, 12, 15046, 15302, 23270, 351, 31908, 27593, 13, 554, 3090, 284, 465, 15171, 329, 883, 734, 5153, 11, 11959, 35429, 6971, 262, 1334, 286, 262, 1338, 305, 926, 15320, 4542, 1074, 416, 13720, 1353, 12, 37440, 3056, 290, 3623, 4896, 6443, 13, 7735, 11, 339, 22625, 3371, 5387, 15021, 2568, 26119, 11, 290, 465, 11281, 656, 11823, 34014, 5341, 468, 587, 5017, 287, 1811, 3176, 16125, 884, 355, 1849, 464, 5007, 3530, 4913, 11, 7229, 1849, 392, 1849, 10374, 1313, 338, 13, 1849, 45, 15318, 439, 18303, 351, 1029, 25279, 422, 1879, 10565, 2059, 351, 281, 8835, 669, 33399, 286, 3230, 1597, 13, 628, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
2,509
Rental Information Online Rental Request 1. Check availability and request a facility. 2. Review the online school calendar for availability of the date(s), time and area. 3. Click "Log in to Request Facility Use" (in the top right corner of the screen). 4. Log in. If you don't have an account:Complete and submit the request form. 1. Create one (Register). 2. Then, call XXXX 5.  The request will be sent to the xxxx. When the request is activated, contact the XXXX for your rental rate, insurance and security requirements.
[ 49, 2470, 6188, 198, 198, 14439, 371, 2470, 19390, 628, 198, 50286, 16, 13, 6822, 11500, 290, 2581, 257, 6841, 13, 198, 50286, 17, 13, 6602, 262, 2691, 1524, 11845, 329, 11500, 286, 262, 3128, 7, 82, 828, 640, 290, 1989, 13, 198, 50286, 18, 13, 6914, 366, 11187, 287, 284, 19390, 29118, 5765, 1, 357, 259, 262, 1353, 826, 5228, 286, 262, 3159, 737, 198, 50286, 19, 13, 5972, 287, 13, 198, 50284, 1532, 345, 836, 470, 423, 281, 1848, 25, 20988, 290, 9199, 262, 2581, 1296, 13, 198, 50284, 16, 13, 13610, 530, 357, 38804, 737, 198, 50284, 17, 13, 3244, 11, 869, 27713, 55, 198, 50286, 20, 13, 220, 1849, 464, 2581, 481, 307, 1908, 284, 262, 2124, 31811, 13, 1649, 262, 2581, 318, 13906, 11, 2800, 262, 27713, 55, 329, 534, 14447, 2494, 11, 5096, 290, 2324, 5359, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
144
From Yosemite to the Group of Seven, with Some Flatness in Between Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote that every natural fact is a symbol of some spiritual fact. Every appearance in nature corresponds to some state of mind, and that state of mind can be described only by presenting that natural appearance as its picture. If the majestic landscape photographs taken by Carleton Watkins, Ansel Adams, William Henry Jackson, Edward Weston, and Timothy O'Sullivan in Yosemite were to correspond to a state of mind, it would be of hardcore mountain-man machismo. The conquering and capturing of the perfect vistas required a tremendous amount of grunt work. The mammoth camera was a monstrous thing. Glass is heavy. These were tough guys. The mystique of the Yosemite work is pervasive in the history of American photography. Its exudes the sublime and pure landscape. This elusive ideal interests me. I'd better go to the park. The way to Yosemite makes for an odd duck drive. It feels like the drive from Winnipeg to Saskatoon. So flat I can't imagine how this spectacular landscape will suddenly appear. The ultimate American scapes couldn't be further removed from this flat, flat land I find myself driving through. The flatness, however, allows everything to be visible. It's reassuring to see the whole sky, without a bump. It's overcast, the colours are popping, and I'm passing dozens of Stephen Shores and Robert Adamses, and a few Joel Sternfelds. The lone palm in a bare brown field, ragged grass-tangled mess heaps, a cheese factory outlet. I pass many a mound: the wood-chip mound of Christmas trees past, the piled-up-dead-orchard-tree sprawling mound, the bits-of-asphalt, used-to-be-a-road mound. I pass yards of Burtynsky-palette towers. Orchard roads, water towers, a fake western town, odd moonscape-ish rocks (I almost stop for that one, but it's a tricky spot, so I drive on. This photo trip is turning into piles of cliches that I refuse to shoot. It continues as a truck full of lemons passes. And is that a truck full of bricks or beets? No, its fuchsia mulch. Fuchsia mulch and lemons would look amazing together. . . . There goes a fabulously burnt-out orchard of some kind; tangled, gnarly black branches and crispy grass stubble. A sign for Madam Sophia's palm reading. Whoever photographed the cheese factory sign would surely have stopped there. What possible new images can be made here? I haven't even gotten to the park yet. . . . I arrive at the park, and it's almost dark. But still light enough to spot one of THE views, of the brothers and half dome. It's odd to know something only through its photography. Most recently seen in the Watkins show; Dialoguing Among Giants, now on at the Getty in LA and then again in the re-photographing wanna-be-a-Watkins-project of Mark Klett. Sadly, Rebecca Solnit was involved is this project. I was surprised that despite all her work on the female perspective in landscape, she would be involved in such a masturbatory mountain-man photo quest. In her book As Eve Said to the Serpent (2003) Solnit wrote that "the word landscape itself is problematic now. Landscape describes the natural world as an aesthetic phenomenon, a department of visual representation: landscape is scenery, scenery is stage decoration, and stage decorations are static backdrops for a drama that is human." So I suppose she would love to know that Jackson was only three feet away from Watkins had photographed who was fifteen feet away from Adams where Adam photographed, who in turn was only a few feet away from where Sullivan had photographed. Solnit and Klett lectured on the project in conjunction with the Waktins show at the Getty It was mostly a PowerPoint bonanza, zooming and fading in and out of all the photographers' different point of views, piecing them all together into panoramas, the longer the better. My entire visit to the park is haunted by the desire to know who had been standing where, photographing what. Paralyzed by the ghosts of these earlier points of view, my monster Linhoff 4x5 will likely not make it out of my car unless I decide to make that landscape calendar my Dad's always harassing me about. The mystique surrounding Yosemite and its photographers is akin to that associated with Canada's Group of Seven and the Canadian wilderness captured in their hard-core macho plein-air paintings. If Yosemite had been Canadian, those seven would have painted it. Although Algonquin park, where they predominantly painted, is a more modestly majestic place. Nature and the elusive Canadian identity are oddly intertwined. Canada is largely an empty and expensive country. The landscape really is a primary fact of life. Even within urban environments, the vast expanse is not far away. Embracing the wilderness, the Group of Seven broke away from the pastoral British landscape. In colourful and fluid paintings of trees, lakes, snow and such, people never depicted. In her book Weird Sex, Snowshoes, and other Canadian Film Phenomena (2001), Katherine Monk describes the creation of an entirely new tradition that reflected the Canadian lifestyle, one that had little in common with the "castrated wilderness canvases from Europe." She writes that "from the dark clouds over heaving deep blue waves, to stark white snow and black rocks, to the startling contrasts and crisp shadows, to the burning leaves of red and ochre unfolding into abstracted grey clouds, the paintings were as rugged and wild as Canada itself." They laid the foundation for a Canadian artistic identity that quickly became synonymous with wilderness and northernness, an identity Canadian artists have been wrestling with ever since. Michael Snow, Peter Doig, and General Idea, to name a few, have directly addressed the Canadian identity via the representation of landscape as seen through the Group of Seven's paintings. Death by Landscape is a short story written by Margaret Atwood that centers on a wall of Group of Seven paintings and the retelling of the tragic canoe death of a young girl. She writes that despite the fact that there are no people in the paintings or even animals, it's as if there is something, or someone, looking back out. Tom Thomson's mysterious death by landscape via canoe on July 8, 1917, made him the most famous of the Group of Seven painters. He was last seen canoeing on Canoe Lake. His overturned canoe was found the next day and his body at the bottom of the lake days later. There was much speculation surrounding his death. Foul play was suspected; a love triangle was involved. No one was ever charged. But the Tom Thomson murder mystery game is available at for $43.50 CAD through PayPal. "Who killed him? Why? How? Solve one of Canada's most enduring mysteries." Yosemite's biggest murder case was the Yosemite killer. Apparently it wasn't much of a mystery, and the handyman who killed four tourists and a guide was sentenced to death in 1999. Hikers and climbers often fall to their deaths off sheer granite cliffs in the park. Someone once was killed by a deer, and ten have been murdered by falling trees. No murder mystery games for that death by landscape, although there is the unrelated Sierra Railroad Murder Mystery Dinner Train. It's night in the park and there is a serious downpour. The rain and the fog the following day are the only things I shoot. I manage to not be killed by a tree, deer, or handyman. Although while taking my money, a frazzled-looking blonde park cashier stops and stares blankly into nothing for much too long. I imagine this one could snap. There is a small graveyard in Yosemite, hidden between trees. It's foggy, and the lichen and moss on the stones are so many shades of vivid green. The Yosemite killer victims are not buried here. Photography as death is the most overused and obnoxious excuse. Jeff Wall's deathscape The Flooded Grave is, of course, an exception. In Wall's essay About Making Landscapes (1995) he writes that the image of a cemetery is "theoretically, at least, the perfect type of landscape. The inevitably approaching, yet unapproachable, phenomenon of death." Wall is very interested in the distance created in a typical landscape. Not where so-and-so stood in relation to so-and-so, but from sociological point of view. "In making a landscape," he writes, "we must draw a certain distance- far enough to detach ourselves from the immediate presence of other people, but not so far as to lose the ability to distinguish them as agents in a social space." I used to draw that distance, but lately its gone or illusion. I find the most excellent specimens in Yosemite. I often think of photographs as specimens, collections of dead things. Events accounted for and faked. There is an amazing park placard at Mirror Lake that reads "Selling the Sublime." I take that. A few feet away a group of giggling girls are walking across rocks in the lake, about to pose for a picture. All of sudden one starts belting out, "you are the wind beneath my wings." Its horribly flat with a strained vibrato, but the onlookers all start hooting and clapping. From this vantage point, Adams is about fifteen feet to the left and Watkins twelve feet downstream to the right, Jackson is somewhere behind that tree, and there's Sullivan right next to me. Thomson's at the bottom of the lake painting the underwater view.
[ 4863, 43188, 284, 262, 4912, 286, 13723, 11, 351, 2773, 21939, 1108, 287, 14307, 198, 198, 49, 17307, 24261, 78, 41886, 2630, 326, 790, 3288, 1109, 318, 257, 6194, 286, 617, 8557, 1109, 13, 3887, 5585, 287, 3450, 24866, 284, 617, 1181, 286, 2000, 11, 290, 326, 1181, 286, 2000, 460, 307, 3417, 691, 416, 17728, 326, 3288, 5585, 355, 663, 4286, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 262, 45308, 10747, 12566, 2077, 416, 1879, 10565, 36832, 11, 1052, 741, 12620, 11, 3977, 8616, 6612, 11, 10443, 46949, 11, 290, 22283, 440, 6, 47572, 287, 43188, 547, 284, 6053, 284, 257, 1181, 286, 2000, 11, 340, 561, 307, 286, 22823, 8598, 12, 805, 3235, 44126, 13, 383, 49977, 290, 21430, 286, 262, 2818, 410, 37503, 2672, 257, 12465, 2033, 286, 45836, 670, 13, 383, 44268, 4676, 373, 257, 29100, 1517, 13, 12158, 318, 4334, 13, 2312, 547, 5802, 3730, 13, 198, 198, 464, 21619, 2350, 286, 262, 43188, 670, 318, 29280, 287, 262, 2106, 286, 1605, 16223, 13, 6363, 409, 8401, 262, 41674, 290, 5899, 10747, 13, 770, 29885, 7306, 5353, 502, 13, 314, 1549, 1365, 467, 284, 262, 3952, 13, 198, 198, 464, 835, 284, 43188, 1838, 329, 281, 5629, 22045, 3708, 13, 632, 5300, 588, 262, 3708, 422, 23434, 284, 23541, 23122, 13, 1406, 6228, 314, 460, 470, 5967, 703, 428, 15013, 10747, 481, 6451, 1656, 13, 383, 8713, 1605, 629, 7916, 3521, 470, 307, 2252, 4615, 422, 428, 6228, 11, 6228, 1956, 314, 1064, 3589, 5059, 832, 13, 383, 6228, 1108, 11, 2158, 11, 3578, 2279, 284, 307, 7424, 13, 632, 338, 36450, 284, 766, 262, 2187, 6766, 11, 1231, 257, 13852, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 338, 625, 2701, 11, 262, 18915, 389, 26324, 11, 290, 314, 1101, 6427, 9264, 286, 7970, 911, 2850, 290, 5199, 12620, 274, 11, 290, 257, 1178, 18623, 22990, 16265, 82, 13, 383, 13497, 18057, 287, 257, 6247, 7586, 2214, 11, 374, 14655, 8701, 12, 83, 22393, 2085, 339, 1686, 11, 257, 9891, 8860, 16615, 13, 314, 1208, 867, 257, 31446, 25, 262, 4898, 12, 35902, 31446, 286, 6786, 7150, 1613, 11, 262, 33654, 12, 929, 12, 25124, 12, 273, 30215, 12, 21048, 30190, 31446, 11, 262, 10340, 12, 1659, 12, 292, 41942, 11, 973, 12, 1462, 12, 1350, 12, 64, 12, 6344, 31446, 13, 314, 1208, 5695, 286, 5481, 774, 5907, 2584, 12, 18596, 5857, 18028, 13, 1471, 30215, 9725, 11, 1660, 18028, 11, 257, 8390, 8830, 3240, 11, 5629, 31093, 36435, 12, 680, 12586, 357, 40, 2048, 2245, 329, 326, 530, 11, 475, 340, 338, 257, 17198, 4136, 11, 523, 314, 3708, 319, 13, 770, 4590, 5296, 318, 6225, 656, 30935, 286, 537, 291, 956, 326, 314, 11148, 284, 2686, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 4477, 355, 257, 7779, 1336, 286, 443, 11567, 8318, 13, 843, 318, 326, 257, 7779, 1336, 286, 28902, 393, 307, 1039, 30, 1400, 11, 663, 277, 37533, 544, 35971, 354, 13, 376, 37533, 544, 35971, 354, 290, 443, 11567, 561, 804, 4998, 1978, 13, 764, 764, 764, 1318, 2925, 257, 7843, 18117, 22999, 12, 448, 393, 30215, 286, 617, 1611, 26, 41431, 11, 19967, 283, 306, 2042, 13737, 290, 42807, 8701, 17071, 903, 13, 317, 1051, 329, 4627, 321, 39953, 338, 18057, 3555, 13, 37807, 25880, 262, 9891, 8860, 1051, 561, 10403, 423, 5025, 612, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 1744, 649, 4263, 460, 307, 925, 994, 30, 314, 4398, 470, 772, 7891, 284, 262, 3952, 1865, 13, 764, 764, 764, 198, 198, 40, 9240, 379, 262, 3952, 11, 290, 340, 338, 2048, 3223, 13, 887, 991, 1657, 1576, 284, 4136, 530, 286, 3336, 5009, 11, 286, 262, 9397, 290, 2063, 29500, 13, 632, 338, 5629, 284, 760, 1223, 691, 832, 663, 16223, 13, 4042, 2904, 1775, 287, 262, 36832, 905, 26, 21269, 519, 4250, 9754, 12056, 11, 783, 319, 379, 262, 7136, 287, 9131, 290, 788, 757, 287, 262, 302, 12, 38611, 7113, 722, 18869, 12, 1350, 12, 64, 12, 54, 265, 5331, 12, 16302, 286, 2940, 509, 15503, 13, 27213, 11, 23489, 4294, 48825, 373, 2950, 318, 428, 1628, 13, 314, 373, 6655, 326, 3805, 477, 607, 670, 319, 262, 4048, 6650, 287, 10747, 11, 673, 561, 307, 2950, 287, 884, 257, 22938, 2870, 8598, 12, 805, 4590, 1235, 13, 198, 198, 818, 607, 1492, 1081, 12882, 23885, 284, 262, 30177, 357, 16088, 8, 4294, 48825, 2630, 326, 366, 1169, 1573, 10747, 2346, 318, 15833, 783, 13, 6379, 6794, 8477, 262, 3288, 995, 355, 281, 19713, 10733, 11, 257, 5011, 286, 5874, 10552, 25, 10747, 318, 31068, 11, 31068, 318, 3800, 42050, 11, 290, 3800, 39011, 389, 9037, 736, 49253, 329, 257, 10512, 326, 318, 1692, 526, 1406, 314, 11691, 673, 561, 1842, 284, 760, 326, 6612, 373, 691, 1115, 3625, 1497, 422, 36832, 550, 25880, 508, 373, 17280, 3625, 1497, 422, 12620, 810, 7244, 25880, 11, 508, 287, 1210, 373, 691, 257, 1178, 3625, 1497, 422, 810, 18501, 550, 25880, 13, 4294, 48825, 290, 509, 15503, 11042, 1522, 319, 262, 1628, 287, 17856, 351, 262, 46033, 83, 1040, 905, 379, 262, 7136, 632, 373, 4632, 257, 43563, 5351, 35819, 11, 1976, 30602, 290, 31465, 287, 290, 503, 286, 477, 262, 26474, 6, 1180, 966, 286, 5009, 11, 2508, 2259, 606, 477, 1978, 656, 3425, 273, 17485, 11, 262, 2392, 262, 1365, 13, 198, 198, 3666, 2104, 3187, 284, 262, 3952, 318, 26688, 416, 262, 6227, 284, 760, 508, 550, 587, 5055, 810, 11, 10079, 722, 644, 13, 47552, 8863, 416, 262, 25899, 286, 777, 2961, 2173, 286, 1570, 11, 616, 9234, 5164, 36092, 604, 87, 20, 481, 1884, 407, 787, 340, 503, 286, 616, 1097, 4556, 314, 5409, 284, 787, 326, 10747, 11845, 616, 17415, 338, 1464, 34110, 502, 546, 13, 198, 198, 464, 21619, 2350, 7346, 43188, 290, 663, 26474, 318, 22107, 284, 326, 3917, 351, 3340, 338, 4912, 286, 13723, 290, 262, 5398, 22775, 7907, 287, 511, 1327, 12, 7295, 3235, 78, 3339, 259, 12, 958, 21641, 13, 1002, 43188, 550, 587, 5398, 11, 883, 3598, 561, 423, 13055, 340, 13, 4900, 978, 14520, 21915, 3952, 11, 810, 484, 20736, 13055, 11, 318, 257, 517, 12949, 306, 45308, 1295, 13, 10362, 290, 262, 29885, 5398, 5369, 389, 31414, 45905, 13, 198, 198, 17940, 318, 5688, 281, 6565, 290, 5789, 1499, 13, 383, 10747, 1107, 318, 257, 4165, 1109, 286, 1204, 13, 3412, 1626, 7876, 12493, 11, 262, 5909, 1033, 40054, 318, 407, 1290, 1497, 13, 198, 198, 10161, 1671, 4092, 262, 22775, 11, 262, 4912, 286, 13723, 6265, 1497, 422, 262, 45950, 3517, 10747, 13, 554, 44799, 290, 11711, 21641, 286, 7150, 11, 24768, 11, 6729, 290, 884, 11, 661, 1239, 18904, 13, 554, 607, 1492, 34097, 14419, 11, 7967, 1477, 3028, 11, 290, 584, 5398, 13741, 34828, 3674, 64, 357, 14585, 828, 32719, 28854, 8477, 262, 6282, 286, 281, 5000, 649, 6761, 326, 12548, 262, 5398, 12263, 11, 530, 326, 550, 1310, 287, 2219, 351, 262, 366, 2701, 4111, 22775, 39614, 1386, 422, 2031, 526, 1375, 6797, 326, 366, 6738, 262, 3223, 15114, 625, 339, 2703, 2769, 4171, 9813, 11, 284, 19278, 2330, 6729, 290, 2042, 12586, 11, 284, 262, 28027, 39469, 290, 23453, 16187, 11, 284, 262, 9482, 5667, 286, 2266, 290, 267, 354, 260, 34502, 656, 12531, 276, 13791, 15114, 11, 262, 21641, 547, 355, 30957, 290, 4295, 355, 3340, 2346, 526, 198, 198, 2990, 8104, 262, 8489, 329, 257, 5398, 17290, 5369, 326, 2952, 2627, 33271, 351, 22775, 290, 7840, 1108, 11, 281, 5369, 5398, 7912, 423, 587, 16381, 351, 1683, 1201, 13, 3899, 7967, 11, 5613, 2141, 328, 11, 290, 3611, 37560, 11, 284, 1438, 257, 1178, 11, 423, 3264, 9469, 262, 5398, 5369, 2884, 262, 10552, 286, 10747, 355, 1775, 832, 262, 4912, 286, 13723, 338, 21641, 13, 198, 198, 20148, 416, 6379, 6794, 318, 257, 1790, 1621, 3194, 416, 19579, 1629, 3822, 326, 10399, 319, 257, 3355, 286, 4912, 286, 13723, 21641, 290, 262, 302, 18072, 286, 262, 15444, 47434, 1918, 286, 257, 1862, 2576, 13, 1375, 6797, 326, 3805, 262, 1109, 326, 612, 389, 645, 661, 287, 262, 21641, 393, 772, 4695, 11, 340, 338, 355, 611, 612, 318, 1223, 11, 393, 2130, 11, 2045, 736, 503, 13, 198, 198, 13787, 32425, 338, 11428, 1918, 416, 10747, 2884, 47434, 319, 2901, 807, 11, 24168, 11, 925, 683, 262, 749, 5863, 286, 262, 4912, 286, 13723, 2356, 1010, 13, 679, 373, 938, 1775, 47434, 278, 319, 1680, 2577, 6233, 13, 2399, 27153, 47434, 373, 1043, 262, 1306, 1110, 290, 465, 1767, 379, 262, 4220, 286, 262, 13546, 1528, 1568, 13, 1318, 373, 881, 13367, 7346, 465, 1918, 13, 376, 2852, 711, 373, 9885, 26, 257, 1842, 22950, 373, 2950, 13, 1400, 530, 373, 1683, 5047, 13, 887, 262, 4186, 32425, 5123, 10715, 983, 318, 1695, 379, 329, 720, 3559, 13, 1120, 37292, 832, 22525, 13, 366, 8241, 2923, 683, 30, 4162, 30, 1374, 30, 4294, 303, 530, 286, 3340, 338, 749, 24056, 26045, 526, 198, 198, 56, 577, 32937, 338, 4094, 5123, 1339, 373, 262, 43188, 11868, 13, 18626, 340, 2492, 470, 881, 286, 257, 10715, 11, 290, 262, 15728, 805, 508, 2923, 1440, 15930, 290, 257, 5698, 373, 11897, 284, 1918, 287, 7358, 13, 367, 24913, 290, 39311, 1690, 2121, 284, 511, 7040, 572, 15163, 41013, 41724, 287, 262, 3952, 13, 17877, 1752, 373, 2923, 416, 257, 20096, 11, 290, 3478, 423, 587, 12864, 416, 7463, 7150, 13, 1400, 5123, 10715, 1830, 329, 326, 1918, 416, 10747, 11, 3584, 612, 318, 262, 19938, 17559, 36289, 23375, 18208, 34584, 16835, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 338, 1755, 287, 262, 3952, 290, 612, 318, 257, 2726, 866, 48681, 13, 383, 6290, 290, 262, 19558, 262, 1708, 1110, 389, 262, 691, 1243, 314, 2686, 13, 314, 6687, 284, 407, 307, 2923, 416, 257, 5509, 11, 20096, 11, 393, 15728, 805, 13, 4900, 981, 2263, 616, 1637, 11, 257, 5306, 3019, 992, 12, 11534, 21541, 3952, 5003, 959, 9911, 290, 38806, 9178, 306, 656, 2147, 329, 881, 1165, 890, 13, 314, 5967, 428, 530, 714, 11495, 13, 198, 198, 1858, 318, 257, 1402, 27672, 287, 43188, 11, 7104, 1022, 7150, 13, 632, 338, 19558, 1360, 11, 290, 262, 3476, 831, 290, 42853, 319, 262, 14966, 389, 523, 867, 23787, 286, 21002, 4077, 13, 383, 43188, 11868, 4970, 389, 407, 11694, 994, 13, 198, 198, 27248, 4867, 355, 1918, 318, 262, 749, 625, 1484, 290, 43283, 12226, 13, 198, 198, 19139, 5007, 338, 1918, 6794, 383, 25588, 276, 36424, 318, 11, 286, 1781, 11, 281, 6631, 13, 554, 5007, 338, 14268, 7994, 16427, 6379, 1416, 7916, 357, 21908, 8, 339, 6797, 326, 262, 2939, 286, 257, 27316, 318, 366, 1169, 9997, 1146, 11, 379, 1551, 11, 262, 2818, 2099, 286, 10747, 13, 383, 16857, 13885, 11, 1865, 555, 21064, 34446, 11, 10733, 286, 1918, 526, 5007, 318, 845, 4609, 287, 262, 5253, 2727, 287, 257, 7226, 10747, 13, 1892, 810, 523, 12, 392, 12, 568, 6204, 287, 8695, 284, 523, 12, 392, 12, 568, 11, 475, 422, 1307, 15071, 966, 286, 1570, 13, 366, 818, 1642, 257, 10747, 553, 339, 6797, 11, 366, 732, 1276, 3197, 257, 1728, 5253, 12, 1290, 1576, 284, 48224, 6731, 422, 262, 7103, 4931, 286, 584, 661, 11, 475, 407, 523, 1290, 355, 284, 4425, 262, 2694, 284, 15714, 606, 355, 6554, 287, 257, 1919, 2272, 526, 198, 198, 40, 973, 284, 3197, 326, 5253, 11, 475, 16537, 663, 3750, 393, 17878, 13, 198, 198, 40, 1064, 262, 749, 6275, 27569, 287, 43188, 13, 314, 1690, 892, 286, 12566, 355, 27569, 11, 17268, 286, 2636, 1243, 13, 18715, 17830, 329, 290, 49184, 13, 198, 198, 1858, 318, 281, 4998, 3952, 21957, 446, 379, 17918, 6233, 326, 9743, 366, 50, 9417, 262, 3834, 27299, 526, 314, 1011, 326, 13, 317, 1178, 3625, 1497, 257, 1448, 286, 30442, 1359, 4813, 389, 6155, 1973, 12586, 287, 262, 13546, 11, 546, 284, 12705, 329, 257, 4286, 13, 1439, 286, 4802, 530, 4940, 894, 889, 503, 11, 366, 5832, 389, 262, 2344, 11061, 616, 12098, 526, 6363, 33437, 6228, 351, 257, 30744, 12611, 5549, 11, 475, 262, 47747, 364, 477, 923, 289, 12494, 290, 537, 5912, 13, 3574, 428, 47929, 966, 11, 12620, 318, 546, 17280, 3625, 284, 262, 1364, 290, 36832, 14104, 3625, 33218, 284, 262, 826, 11, 6612, 318, 7382, 2157, 326, 5509, 11, 290, 612, 338, 18501, 826, 1306, 284, 502, 13, 32425, 338, 379, 262, 4220, 286, 262, 13546, 12036, 262, 21258, 1570, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
2,057
Moving with the Internet | Moving Squad Planning a Move with the Power of the Internet If you are planning a move, the internet can empower you to make your move seamless in many ways. First, planning a move with the power of the internet is easy, fast, efficient, and convenient because it’s a matter of just a few clicks. Also, you can access the internet from practically anywhere in the world today, so you can plan your move when thousands of miles from home. Here are some Internet moving hacks that will simplify the moving process. 1. Use Real Estate Sites to Find a New Home If you haven’t found your new home, you can start your search over the internet. One way is to launch a search on your search engine using a set of keywords. If you want a luxurious home in Florida, key in something like “For Lauderdale luxury homes” or “Miami Condominiums for sale” you’ll find a mix of luxury builders who will design and construct a brand-new home, as well as some of the leading real estate brokers who specialize in luxury home sales. There are also many real estate websites that connect with the MLS (multiple listing service) and can show you which houses (or rentals) are on the market currently. Here are a few of our favorites: The good thing: nearly all real estate companies post pictures and locations of their new projects online, so a quick search is enough to help you find the best home deal. Moreover, the internet will also give you a virtual trip to the new home and a good view of your new neighborhood. With this in mind, you can weed out many potential homes while saving yourself the hassle of viewing each one personally. Additionally, planning a move over the internet also gives you a unique opportunity to find out more about the new neighborhood. For instance, you can access information on schools, entertainment spots, parks, career opportunities, hospitals, security, cost of living, and so much more. 2. Compare Moving Companies A reliable mover will ensure that you have a safe and less stressful move to your new home. So how can you use the internet to find a reputable moving company? The simplest way to find a top-rated moving company over the internet is using the moving estimator tool. You’ll enter your moving data, and the company behind the device will provide you with reliable information on the most experienced moving companies around you. Alternatively, you can launch a search on Google. Google will give you a long list of movers in your city. Click on the links to their websites, read their company information, gauge their experience, read their terms, pricing, and portfolio. 3. Read the Reviews After finding the best movers around you, it’s now time to vet them, one by one based on their customers’ experience. Take some time to read through the customer reviews on their websites and their social media platforms. A top-rated company will have happy customers praising them on the reviews section. When you are evaluating your moving companies, it is best to choose a company with the ample reviews that reflect a consistently positive experience for customers, instead of a company with just one or two ratings, because it is hard to determine the extent of their overall experience.   Consumer sites such as Consumer Affairs and The Better Business Bureau are reliable resources to help you find a great mover with a hundreds of happy customers. 4. Find Moving Accessories Online The moving industry is growing by the days and more people are investing in moving and moving tools. Getting your moving accessories online is another brilliant internet moving hack you’d make use of when planning a move with the power of the internet. This may be hard to believe; the internet is the best place to find free moving accessories, especially moving boxes—free of charge. There are resources where you can find moving card boxes around you for free, here are some of them: 5. Reach Out to Your Friends to Help You Move Planning and executing a move is a stressful and tiring job so you’ll need help from friends and relatives. The internet is a powerful moving tool you can which you can use to reach out to helping hands—your friends and relatives. For instance, you can create a moving event on Facebook and invite your friends to help you. You can also tweet about the move and post it on Instagram, and you will find many friends willing to help you out with the move. Additionally, there are many websites where you can create an ad about the move, free of charge, and generate links as well. You can then share links on your social media inviting help from your friends and relatives. Some renowned websites with free resources for creating ads are: Alternatively, you can send your friends emails, or WhatsApp messages requesting for help during the move. WhatsApp can help you coordinate information that your “crew” will need on moving day. 6. Create an Online Checklist A checklist is a vital moving tool which will help you stay organized during the move. There are so many activities to do in preparation for the move, during the move and after the move. The best way to carry out these tasks is to jot them down on a moving checklist. This will save you valuable time by telling you correctly what to do, when to do it, and what to do next. If you use an online moving checklist like ours, you can access it at any time on any smart device. 7. Use a Moving Application Apps are the ultimate game changers in today’s e-commerce world. There are few limits to what you can do with a moving app. From cost estimation and creating a moving checklist to real-time tracking of items on transit and arranging your belongings in a virtual version of your new home, moving apps bring order to a disorganized move. Before you settle on a moving company, download their moving applications and try them out. We are proud to offer the industry’s first in-home estimator in app form! Using this application, you’ll get an even more accurate moving quote. Our Moving Squad moving app, allows you to take pictures and video of your inventory items, order boxes and other supplies, and offers access to moving tools to help make the moving process a breeze. Make sure you check out the versatility of the companies’ services based on the options featured on their apps. The ideal moving company should have an application that will make your move efficient. Leave a Reply
[ 33622, 351, 262, 4455, 930, 26768, 11630, 198, 198, 20854, 768, 257, 10028, 351, 262, 4333, 286, 262, 4455, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 389, 5410, 257, 1445, 11, 262, 5230, 460, 17549, 345, 284, 787, 534, 1445, 32354, 287, 867, 2842, 13, 198, 198, 5962, 11, 5410, 257, 1445, 351, 262, 1176, 286, 262, 5230, 318, 2562, 11, 3049, 11, 6942, 11, 290, 11282, 780, 340, 447, 247, 82, 257, 2300, 286, 655, 257, 1178, 25785, 13, 4418, 11, 345, 460, 1895, 262, 5230, 422, 14547, 6609, 287, 262, 995, 1909, 11, 523, 345, 460, 1410, 534, 1445, 618, 4138, 286, 4608, 422, 1363, 13, 3423, 389, 617, 4455, 3867, 30445, 326, 481, 30276, 262, 3867, 1429, 13, 198, 198, 16, 13, 5765, 6416, 23015, 37034, 284, 9938, 257, 968, 5995, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 4398, 447, 247, 83, 1043, 534, 649, 1363, 11, 345, 460, 923, 534, 2989, 625, 262, 5230, 13, 1881, 835, 318, 284, 4219, 257, 2989, 319, 534, 2989, 3113, 1262, 257, 900, 286, 26286, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 765, 257, 35985, 1363, 287, 4744, 11, 1994, 287, 1223, 588, 564, 250, 1890, 45577, 13064, 5682, 447, 251, 393, 564, 250, 41191, 9724, 46134, 82, 329, 5466, 447, 251, 345, 447, 247, 297, 1064, 257, 5022, 286, 13064, 31606, 508, 481, 1486, 290, 5678, 257, 4508, 12, 3605, 1363, 11, 355, 880, 355, 617, 286, 262, 3756, 1103, 7964, 36139, 508, 39868, 287, 13064, 1363, 4200, 13, 198, 198, 1858, 389, 635, 867, 1103, 7964, 9293, 326, 2018, 351, 262, 13981, 357, 48101, 13487, 2139, 8, 290, 460, 905, 345, 543, 7777, 357, 273, 39457, 8, 389, 319, 262, 1910, 3058, 13, 3423, 389, 257, 1178, 286, 674, 18852, 25, 198, 198, 464, 922, 1517, 25, 3016, 477, 1103, 7964, 2706, 1281, 5986, 290, 7064, 286, 511, 649, 4493, 2691, 11, 523, 257, 2068, 2989, 318, 1576, 284, 1037, 345, 1064, 262, 1266, 1363, 1730, 13, 10968, 11, 262, 5230, 481, 635, 1577, 345, 257, 7166, 5296, 284, 262, 649, 1363, 290, 257, 922, 1570, 286, 534, 649, 6232, 13, 2080, 428, 287, 2000, 11, 345, 460, 20349, 503, 867, 2785, 5682, 981, 8914, 3511, 262, 32721, 286, 11681, 1123, 530, 7620, 13, 198, 198, 23216, 11, 5410, 257, 1445, 625, 262, 5230, 635, 3607, 345, 257, 3748, 3663, 284, 1064, 503, 517, 546, 262, 649, 6232, 13, 1114, 4554, 11, 345, 460, 1895, 1321, 319, 4266, 11, 9739, 10222, 11, 14860, 11, 3451, 6443, 11, 11301, 11, 2324, 11, 1575, 286, 2877, 11, 290, 523, 881, 517, 13, 198, 198, 17, 13, 27814, 26768, 24382, 198, 198, 32, 9314, 285, 2502, 481, 4155, 326, 345, 423, 257, 3338, 290, 1342, 27177, 1445, 284, 534, 649, 1363, 13, 1406, 703, 460, 345, 779, 262, 5230, 284, 1064, 257, 40300, 3867, 1664, 30, 198, 198, 464, 24043, 835, 284, 1064, 257, 1353, 12, 4111, 3867, 1664, 625, 262, 5230, 318, 1262, 262, 3867, 3959, 1352, 2891, 13, 921, 447, 247, 297, 3802, 534, 3867, 1366, 11, 290, 262, 1664, 2157, 262, 3335, 481, 2148, 345, 351, 9314, 1321, 319, 262, 749, 5924, 3867, 2706, 1088, 345, 13, 198, 198, 44163, 11, 345, 460, 4219, 257, 2989, 319, 3012, 13, 3012, 481, 1577, 345, 257, 890, 1351, 286, 6941, 690, 287, 534, 1748, 13, 6914, 319, 262, 6117, 284, 511, 9293, 11, 1100, 511, 1664, 1321, 11, 18266, 511, 1998, 11, 1100, 511, 2846, 11, 13045, 11, 290, 15320, 13, 198, 198, 18, 13, 4149, 262, 20871, 198, 198, 3260, 4917, 262, 1266, 6941, 690, 1088, 345, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 783, 640, 284, 20202, 606, 11, 530, 416, 530, 1912, 319, 511, 4297, 447, 247, 1998, 13, 7214, 617, 640, 284, 1100, 832, 262, 6491, 8088, 319, 511, 9293, 290, 511, 1919, 2056, 9554, 13, 198, 198, 32, 1353, 12, 4111, 1664, 481, 423, 3772, 4297, 33557, 606, 319, 262, 8088, 2665, 13, 1649, 345, 389, 22232, 534, 3867, 2706, 11, 340, 318, 1266, 284, 3853, 257, 1664, 351, 262, 23933, 8088, 326, 4079, 257, 9835, 3967, 1998, 329, 4297, 11, 2427, 286, 257, 1664, 351, 655, 530, 393, 734, 10109, 11, 780, 340, 318, 1327, 284, 5004, 262, 6287, 286, 511, 4045, 1998, 13, 1849, 220, 1849, 49106, 5043, 884, 355, 18110, 10665, 290, 383, 11625, 7320, 9840, 389, 9314, 4133, 284, 1037, 345, 1064, 257, 1049, 285, 2502, 351, 257, 5179, 286, 3772, 4297, 13, 198, 198, 19, 13, 9938, 26768, 44171, 7467, 198, 198, 464, 3867, 2831, 318, 3957, 416, 262, 1528, 290, 517, 661, 389, 14771, 287, 3867, 290, 3867, 4899, 13, 18067, 534, 3867, 18199, 2691, 318, 1194, 10457, 5230, 3867, 8156, 345, 447, 247, 67, 787, 779, 286, 618, 5410, 257, 1445, 351, 262, 1176, 286, 262, 5230, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 743, 307, 1327, 284, 1975, 26, 262, 5230, 318, 262, 1266, 1295, 284, 1064, 1479, 3867, 18199, 11, 2592, 3867, 10559, 960, 5787, 286, 3877, 13, 198, 198, 1858, 389, 4133, 810, 345, 460, 1064, 3867, 2657, 10559, 1088, 345, 329, 1479, 11, 994, 389, 617, 286, 606, 25, 198, 198, 20, 13, 25146, 3806, 284, 3406, 14213, 284, 10478, 921, 10028, 198, 198, 20854, 768, 290, 23710, 257, 1445, 318, 257, 27177, 290, 256, 3428, 1693, 523, 345, 447, 247, 297, 761, 1037, 422, 2460, 290, 12772, 13, 383, 5230, 318, 257, 3665, 3867, 2891, 345, 460, 543, 345, 460, 779, 284, 3151, 503, 284, 5742, 2832, 960, 14108, 2460, 290, 12772, 13, 198, 198, 1890, 4554, 11, 345, 460, 2251, 257, 3867, 1785, 319, 3203, 290, 14037, 534, 2460, 284, 1037, 345, 13, 921, 460, 635, 6126, 546, 262, 1445, 290, 1281, 340, 319, 10767, 11, 290, 345, 481, 1064, 867, 2460, 4684, 284, 1037, 345, 503, 351, 262, 1445, 13, 198, 198, 23216, 11, 612, 389, 867, 9293, 810, 345, 460, 2251, 281, 512, 546, 262, 1445, 11, 1479, 286, 3877, 11, 290, 7716, 6117, 355, 880, 13, 921, 460, 788, 2648, 6117, 319, 534, 1919, 2056, 23310, 1037, 422, 534, 2460, 290, 12772, 13, 2773, 22140, 9293, 351, 1479, 4133, 329, 4441, 9011, 389, 25, 198, 198, 44163, 11, 345, 460, 3758, 534, 2460, 7237, 11, 393, 37666, 6218, 20623, 329, 1037, 1141, 262, 1445, 13, 37666, 460, 1037, 345, 20435, 1321, 326, 534, 564, 250, 42276, 447, 251, 481, 761, 319, 3867, 1110, 13, 198, 198, 21, 13, 13610, 281, 7467, 6822, 4868, 198, 198, 32, 41859, 318, 257, 9204, 3867, 2891, 543, 481, 1037, 345, 2652, 8389, 1141, 262, 1445, 13, 1318, 389, 523, 867, 4568, 284, 466, 287, 11824, 329, 262, 1445, 11, 1141, 262, 1445, 290, 706, 262, 1445, 13, 383, 1266, 835, 284, 3283, 503, 777, 8861, 318, 284, 474, 313, 606, 866, 319, 257, 3867, 41859, 13, 770, 481, 3613, 345, 8119, 640, 416, 5149, 345, 9380, 644, 284, 466, 11, 618, 284, 466, 340, 11, 290, 644, 284, 466, 1306, 13, 1002, 345, 779, 281, 2691, 3867, 41859, 588, 16903, 11, 345, 460, 1895, 340, 379, 597, 640, 319, 597, 4451, 3335, 13, 198, 198, 22, 13, 5765, 257, 26768, 15678, 198, 198, 48433, 389, 262, 8713, 983, 1488, 364, 287, 1909, 447, 247, 82, 304, 12, 27061, 995, 13, 1318, 389, 1178, 7095, 284, 644, 345, 460, 466, 351, 257, 3867, 598, 13, 3574, 1575, 31850, 290, 4441, 257, 3867, 41859, 284, 1103, 12, 2435, 9646, 286, 3709, 319, 11168, 290, 41878, 534, 30985, 287, 257, 7166, 2196, 286, 534, 649, 1363, 11, 3867, 6725, 2222, 1502, 284, 257, 595, 30280, 1445, 13, 198, 198, 8421, 345, 12259, 319, 257, 3867, 1664, 11, 4321, 511, 3867, 5479, 290, 1949, 606, 503, 13, 775, 389, 6613, 284, 2897, 1849, 1169, 2831, 447, 247, 82, 717, 287, 12, 11195, 3959, 1352, 287, 598, 1296, 0, 8554, 428, 3586, 11, 345, 447, 247, 297, 651, 281, 772, 517, 7187, 3867, 9577, 13, 3954, 26768, 11630, 3867, 598, 11, 3578, 345, 284, 1011, 5986, 290, 2008, 286, 534, 13184, 3709, 11, 1502, 10559, 290, 584, 9416, 11, 290, 4394, 1895, 284, 3867, 4899, 284, 1037, 787, 262, 3867, 1429, 257, 28633, 13, 6889, 1654, 345, 2198, 503, 262, 31689, 286, 262, 2706, 447, 247, 2594, 1912, 319, 262, 3689, 8096, 319, 511, 6725, 13, 198, 198, 464, 7306, 3867, 1664, 815, 423, 281, 3586, 326, 481, 787, 534, 1445, 6942, 13, 198, 198, 35087, 257, 14883, 198, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,389
Vedder Price Vedder Thinking | News Jonathan Maude Discusses the Brexit Debate and Its HR Aspects in People Management Article Media Mention Reader View Jonathan Maude, a Partner in Vedder Price’s London office and Chair of the UK/EU Law Committee, was recently quoted in a People Management article on the Brexit debate. Mr. Maude, along with other professionals, discuss how a “leave” vote might affect HR aspects and employment law in the UK. He notes that it is more likely that the government would tinker with aspects of EU-derived employment law that have proven unpopular with business or created too much red tape, instead of eroding certain UK rights that were put in place in the 1990s to protect employees. "The changes are more likely to be around how people work, their terms and conditions, rather than direct cuts to people’s rights,” said Maude. “Much of [the legislation] was driven by the EU, but the bulk of it–such as discrimination law–sits within UK society, and we can’t really argue with it. If we say that some of these rights should be eroded, that would [have an] impact on how we recruit. Millennials have grown up with these rights.” To read the full article, please click here. Jonathan Maude
[ 53, 276, 1082, 7886, 198, 198, 53, 276, 1082, 30707, 930, 3000, 11232, 6669, 2507, 36691, 274, 262, 11435, 41029, 290, 6363, 15172, 1081, 38046, 287, 4380, 8549, 10172, 198, 198, 13152, 337, 1463, 198, 198, 33634, 3582, 198, 198, 30365, 6669, 2507, 11, 257, 35532, 287, 36101, 1082, 7886, 447, 247, 82, 3576, 2607, 290, 9369, 286, 262, 3482, 14, 19684, 3854, 4606, 11, 373, 2904, 10947, 287, 257, 4380, 8549, 2708, 319, 262, 11435, 4384, 13, 1770, 13, 6669, 2507, 11, 1863, 351, 584, 11153, 11, 2112, 703, 257, 564, 250, 47408, 447, 251, 3015, 1244, 2689, 15172, 7612, 290, 7184, 1099, 287, 262, 3482, 13, 198, 198, 1544, 4710, 326, 340, 318, 517, 1884, 326, 262, 1230, 561, 256, 24275, 351, 7612, 286, 4576, 12, 34631, 7184, 1099, 326, 423, 9157, 24166, 351, 1597, 393, 2727, 1165, 881, 2266, 9154, 11, 2427, 286, 1931, 7656, 1728, 3482, 2489, 326, 547, 1234, 287, 1295, 287, 262, 6303, 82, 284, 1805, 4409, 13, 198, 1, 464, 2458, 389, 517, 1884, 284, 307, 1088, 703, 661, 670, 11, 511, 2846, 290, 3403, 11, 2138, 621, 1277, 6630, 284, 661, 447, 247, 82, 2489, 11, 447, 251, 531, 6669, 2507, 13, 564, 250, 20045, 286, 685, 1169, 5520, 60, 373, 7986, 416, 262, 4576, 11, 475, 262, 11963, 286, 340, 1906, 10508, 355, 8839, 1099, 1906, 82, 896, 1626, 3482, 3592, 11, 290, 356, 460, 447, 247, 83, 1107, 7267, 351, 340, 13, 1002, 356, 910, 326, 617, 286, 777, 2489, 815, 307, 44699, 11, 326, 561, 685, 14150, 281, 60, 1849, 48240, 319, 703, 356, 10960, 13, 42828, 423, 7334, 510, 351, 777, 2489, 13, 447, 251, 198, 198, 2514, 1100, 262, 1336, 2708, 11, 3387, 3904, 994, 13, 628, 628, 198, 30365, 6669, 2507, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
296
Thursday, September 2, 2010 Savall - Les Grandes Eaux Musicales de Versailles Devised by the 'Sun King', Louis XIV, this bewitching spectacle of water and music has survived almost intact and is still one of the major attractions, for all those who visit France, particularly Paris and its environs. This year, the musical program has been assigned to Jordi Savall, who certainly needs no introduction for this category of very spectacular and royal sounds. This unique selection, performed majestically by the specialists in the repertoire has a strong and arresting allure that not only transports the listener to an era of extreme social disparity, but also conjures up visions of utopian brilliance. The recordings are spacious, sonorous and wonderfully atmospheric, while Savall's annotations are, as usual, a goldmine of historic as well as musical details. A labor of love that took six years to complete, compressed into 78 minutes of dazzling beauty to be savored for generations to come.—Gerald Fenech Flac, Covers 1. Savall's records are a royal gift. Thanks, Otto. 2. Otto: Your blogs are so excellent but you have receive only complaints from me. Excuse me please. This time part4 is just not available. 3. svp, is the 4th segment of the archive available? Thank you SO MUCH, Otto! 4. The part 4 is missing... THANK YOU VERY MUCH! 5. It would be great if you could re-upload part 4. Thank you very much. 6. Excellent blog, can you re-upload part4? 7. Well, Otto, but what about 4th part? Related Posts with Thumbnails There was an error in this gadget
[ 25381, 11, 2693, 362, 11, 3050, 198, 198, 47362, 439, 532, 11732, 5675, 274, 412, 14644, 33375, 274, 390, 18535, 64, 21718, 198, 198, 13603, 1417, 416, 262, 705, 16012, 2677, 3256, 5593, 42667, 11, 428, 307, 86, 19811, 27519, 286, 1660, 290, 2647, 468, 11803, 2048, 16572, 290, 318, 991, 530, 286, 262, 1688, 29156, 11, 329, 477, 883, 508, 3187, 4881, 11, 3573, 6342, 290, 663, 17365, 343, 684, 13, 770, 614, 11, 262, 10530, 1430, 468, 587, 8686, 284, 38317, 72, 8858, 439, 11, 508, 3729, 2476, 645, 9793, 329, 428, 6536, 286, 845, 15013, 290, 15100, 5238, 13, 198, 1212, 3748, 6356, 11, 6157, 16486, 395, 1146, 416, 262, 22447, 287, 262, 42515, 468, 257, 1913, 290, 33936, 477, 495, 326, 407, 691, 45245, 262, 24783, 284, 281, 6980, 286, 3257, 1919, 30137, 11, 475, 635, 11644, 942, 510, 26096, 286, 49678, 37451, 13, 383, 18813, 389, 40894, 11, 3367, 9610, 290, 33138, 20938, 11, 981, 8858, 439, 338, 37647, 389, 11, 355, 6678, 11, 257, 3869, 3810, 286, 9566, 355, 880, 355, 10530, 3307, 13, 317, 4827, 286, 1842, 326, 1718, 2237, 812, 284, 1844, 11, 25388, 656, 8699, 2431, 286, 41535, 8737, 284, 307, 6799, 1850, 329, 10439, 284, 1282, 13402, 38, 12573, 376, 1734, 354, 198, 7414, 330, 11, 1766, 690, 628, 198, 50286, 16, 13, 8858, 439, 338, 4406, 389, 257, 15100, 6979, 13, 198, 50284, 9690, 11, 30755, 13, 628, 50286, 17, 13, 30755, 25, 628, 50284, 7120, 19118, 389, 523, 6275, 475, 345, 423, 3328, 691, 9687, 422, 502, 13, 25268, 1904, 502, 3387, 13, 628, 50284, 1212, 640, 636, 19, 318, 655, 407, 1695, 13, 628, 50286, 18, 13, 264, 36133, 11, 318, 262, 604, 400, 10618, 286, 262, 15424, 1695, 30, 6952, 345, 12809, 45859, 11, 30755, 0, 628, 50286, 19, 13, 383, 636, 604, 318, 4814, 986, 49360, 7013, 29550, 45859, 0, 628, 50286, 20, 13, 632, 561, 307, 1049, 611, 345, 714, 302, 12, 25850, 636, 604, 13, 6952, 345, 845, 881, 13, 628, 50286, 21, 13, 30932, 4130, 11, 460, 345, 302, 12, 25850, 636, 19, 30, 628, 50286, 22, 13, 3894, 11, 30755, 11, 475, 644, 546, 604, 400, 636, 30, 628, 198, 198, 9819, 12043, 351, 28924, 198, 1858, 373, 281, 4049, 287, 428, 42892, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
383
Schoharie County 1790 UFO Sighting During a clear summer night in 1790, a settler in Schoharie County, New York saw a bright shining light in the northern sky. He was playing his fiddle while sitting on the porch. At around 9 in the evening, he noticed a bright shining light in the north sky with a great roar. He described that it grew intensely until it became brighter than the noonday sun. The resident explained that the brightness of the light would allow him to pick up pins anywhere around him. The German colonist stated he observed what looked like a meteor passing west at around 250 yards from him and approximately 65 feet above the ground. He said that the light maintained low altitude on the other side of the hollow. The object moved above the countryside and rose above tall trees with the speed of galloping horse. When the object reached the Owelus Sowless hill (as what Indians called it), it elevated and flew over the hill. The settler stated that this was the time he lost sight of the mysterious object. He described it as around 300 yards long with snake-like shape, except that the supposed head looked like the root of a tree plucked up by force. He further said that the shape had no neck, and its thickness was like a young bull and tapered off similar to a serpent. He said that it closely resembled a welding hot iron and sparked similar to it. He noted the intense heat warmed his house, and it left a stench resembled a burning star or sulfur, which lingered for another day. The witness was part of the first German settlement in the area. He swore out his statement on August 23, 1823 in the town of Carlisle. The story can be found in The Historical and Philosophical Society of the State of New York records. Related posts...
[ 14874, 1219, 49173, 3418, 1596, 3829, 19728, 26864, 278, 198, 198, 7191, 257, 1598, 3931, 1755, 287, 1596, 3829, 11, 257, 2970, 1754, 287, 3059, 1219, 49173, 3418, 11, 968, 1971, 2497, 257, 6016, 22751, 1657, 287, 262, 7840, 6766, 13, 679, 373, 2712, 465, 277, 2509, 981, 5586, 319, 262, 33179, 13, 1629, 1088, 860, 287, 262, 6180, 11, 339, 6810, 257, 6016, 22751, 1657, 287, 262, 5093, 6766, 351, 257, 1049, 34532, 13, 679, 3417, 326, 340, 6348, 31146, 1566, 340, 2627, 26083, 621, 262, 645, 3204, 4252, 13, 383, 6623, 4893, 326, 262, 22204, 286, 262, 1657, 561, 1249, 683, 284, 2298, 510, 20567, 6609, 1088, 683, 13, 198, 464, 2679, 7633, 396, 5081, 339, 6515, 644, 3114, 588, 257, 19999, 6427, 7421, 379, 1088, 8646, 5695, 422, 683, 290, 6702, 6135, 3625, 2029, 262, 2323, 13, 679, 531, 326, 262, 1657, 9456, 1877, 20334, 319, 262, 584, 1735, 286, 262, 20596, 13, 383, 2134, 3888, 2029, 262, 25708, 290, 8278, 2029, 7331, 7150, 351, 262, 2866, 286, 7976, 15816, 8223, 13, 1649, 262, 2134, 4251, 262, 11960, 417, 385, 311, 322, 1203, 12788, 357, 292, 644, 12746, 1444, 340, 828, 340, 15321, 290, 13112, 625, 262, 12788, 13, 383, 2970, 1754, 5081, 326, 428, 373, 262, 640, 339, 2626, 6504, 286, 262, 11428, 2134, 13, 198, 1544, 3417, 340, 355, 1088, 5867, 5695, 890, 351, 17522, 12, 2339, 5485, 11, 2845, 326, 262, 4385, 1182, 3114, 588, 262, 6808, 286, 257, 5509, 458, 17758, 510, 416, 2700, 13, 679, 2252, 531, 326, 262, 5485, 550, 645, 7393, 11, 290, 663, 20735, 373, 588, 257, 1862, 6473, 290, 9154, 445, 572, 2092, 284, 257, 33727, 13, 679, 531, 326, 340, 7173, 37657, 257, 47973, 3024, 6953, 290, 16752, 2092, 284, 340, 13, 198, 1544, 4367, 262, 8157, 4894, 38794, 465, 2156, 11, 290, 340, 1364, 257, 336, 24421, 37657, 257, 9482, 3491, 393, 37402, 11, 543, 18459, 1068, 329, 1194, 1110, 13, 198, 464, 4973, 373, 636, 286, 262, 717, 2679, 9443, 287, 262, 1989, 13, 679, 37964, 503, 465, 2643, 319, 2932, 2242, 11, 1248, 1954, 287, 262, 3240, 286, 8124, 20919, 13, 383, 1621, 460, 307, 1043, 287, 383, 23121, 290, 18880, 49256, 7023, 286, 262, 1812, 286, 968, 1971, 4406, 13, 198, 198, 9819, 6851, 986, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
383
Focusing On Findings Of 2 `Sneaky` Wives April 22, 1986|By Abigail Van Buren. Dear Abby: My girlfriend and I became suspicious of our husbands` nights out. We thought they got too fancied up to go bowling and have a few beers with the guys, so we played ``private eye`` and followed them for three nights. On Night No. 1, they took two young ladies to a movie. On Night No. 2, the same happy foursome went to a restaurant in Manhattan. On Night No. 3, they went to a St. Patrick`s Day dinner dance in the Bronx. They always came home and said they had a lot of laughs with ``the guys.`` Finally, we presented them with our findings of where they had been each night. They not only denied it, they got mad at us and called us liars and sneaks! Can you believe it? These two cheaters who had been sneaking around called us liars and sneaks! They now say they will never be able to trust us again. We were made to feel like the guilty parties. What is your answer to this? We read you daily in the New York Post, and so do they. Sign us, ``Two Ex-Private Eyes,`` or Fran and Patty. Dear Fran and Patty: Your husbands apparently used the axiom that the best defense is a strong offense, and it worked. Too bad you ``ex-private eyes`` didn`t realize that ``one picture is worth 10,000 words.`` Next time, take a camera along. Dear Abby: I am a 14-year-old boy who reads your column every day and I really enjoy it. But I have spotted something in your solutions that bothers me. Ninety percent of the time you tell your readers to get some kind of counseling. In one letter a couple was having trouble with their sex life. Of course you told them to see a marriage counselor. Come on, Abby, they wrote to you for advice. I`m sure anyone could have told them to go find a counselor. Don`t get me wrong, some of your answers are great, but when you say, ``See a counselor,`` you are passing the buck. J.A.S., Batavia, N.Y. Dear J.A.S.: I realize that I often recommend counseling, but believe me, I`m not passing the buck. I wouldn`t presume to offer an instant solution to a problem that requires many sessions with a counselor or psychotherapist. Some readers tell me only one side of it; a trained counselor is able to probe the situation in depth. Confidential to Political Animal in Albany, N.Y.: A man who was once the governor of the great state of New York said: ``The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have much; it is whether we provide enough for those who have little.`` He was Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Is your social life in a slump? Lonely? Get Abby`s updated, revised and expanded booklet, ``How to Be Popular``--for people of all ages. Send your name and address clearly printed with a check or money order for $2.50 and a long, stamped (39 cents) self-addressed envelope to: Dear Abby, Popularity, Box 38923, Hollywood, Calif. 90038.
[ 37, 45743, 1550, 9938, 654, 3226, 362, 4600, 50, 710, 15492, 63, 370, 1083, 198, 198, 16784, 2534, 11, 12113, 91, 3886, 2275, 328, 603, 6656, 347, 23532, 13, 198, 198, 20266, 49220, 25, 2011, 11077, 290, 314, 2627, 13678, 286, 674, 27742, 63, 12513, 503, 13, 775, 1807, 484, 1392, 1165, 39980, 798, 510, 284, 467, 33564, 290, 423, 257, 1178, 16800, 351, 262, 3730, 11, 523, 356, 2826, 7559, 19734, 4151, 15506, 290, 3940, 606, 329, 1115, 12513, 13, 198, 198, 2202, 5265, 1400, 13, 352, 11, 484, 1718, 734, 1862, 17308, 284, 257, 3807, 13, 1550, 5265, 1400, 13, 362, 11, 262, 976, 3772, 1440, 11246, 1816, 284, 257, 7072, 287, 13458, 13, 1550, 5265, 1400, 13, 513, 11, 484, 1816, 284, 257, 520, 13, 9925, 63, 82, 3596, 8073, 9280, 287, 262, 32486, 13, 1119, 1464, 1625, 1363, 290, 531, 484, 550, 257, 1256, 286, 22051, 351, 7559, 1169, 3730, 13, 15506, 198, 198, 11158, 11, 356, 5545, 606, 351, 674, 6373, 286, 810, 484, 550, 587, 1123, 1755, 13, 198, 198, 2990, 407, 691, 6699, 340, 11, 484, 1392, 8805, 379, 514, 290, 1444, 514, 7649, 945, 290, 10505, 4730, 0, 1680, 345, 1975, 340, 30, 2312, 734, 1125, 8605, 508, 550, 587, 41797, 1088, 1444, 514, 7649, 945, 290, 10505, 4730, 0, 198, 198, 2990, 783, 910, 484, 481, 1239, 307, 1498, 284, 3774, 514, 757, 13, 775, 547, 925, 284, 1254, 588, 262, 6717, 4671, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 318, 534, 3280, 284, 428, 30, 775, 1100, 345, 4445, 287, 262, 968, 1971, 2947, 11, 290, 523, 466, 484, 13, 5865, 514, 11, 198, 198, 15506, 7571, 1475, 12, 29067, 18301, 11, 15506, 393, 12323, 290, 42417, 13, 198, 198, 20266, 12323, 290, 42417, 25, 3406, 27742, 5729, 973, 262, 7877, 29005, 326, 262, 1266, 3761, 318, 257, 1913, 6907, 11, 290, 340, 3111, 13, 14190, 2089, 345, 7559, 1069, 12, 19734, 2951, 15506, 1422, 63, 83, 6537, 326, 7559, 505, 4286, 318, 2861, 838, 11, 830, 2456, 13, 15506, 7406, 640, 11, 1011, 257, 4676, 1863, 13, 198, 198, 20266, 49220, 25, 314, 716, 257, 1478, 12, 1941, 12, 727, 2933, 508, 9743, 534, 5721, 790, 1110, 290, 314, 1107, 2883, 340, 13, 887, 314, 423, 13489, 1223, 287, 534, 8136, 326, 46293, 502, 13, 10516, 2963, 1411, 286, 262, 640, 345, 1560, 534, 7183, 284, 651, 617, 1611, 286, 21951, 13, 198, 198, 818, 530, 3850, 257, 3155, 373, 1719, 5876, 351, 511, 1714, 1204, 13, 3226, 1781, 345, 1297, 606, 284, 766, 257, 4845, 31928, 13, 7911, 319, 11, 49220, 11, 484, 2630, 284, 345, 329, 5608, 13, 314, 63, 76, 1654, 2687, 714, 423, 1297, 606, 284, 467, 1064, 257, 31928, 13, 198, 198, 3987, 63, 83, 651, 502, 2642, 11, 617, 286, 534, 7429, 389, 1049, 11, 475, 618, 345, 910, 11, 198, 198, 15506, 6214, 257, 31928, 11, 15506, 345, 389, 6427, 262, 10230, 13, 198, 198, 41, 13, 32, 13, 50, 1539, 6577, 40543, 11, 399, 13, 56, 13, 198, 198, 20266, 449, 13, 32, 13, 50, 11207, 314, 6537, 326, 314, 1690, 4313, 21951, 11, 475, 1975, 502, 11, 314, 63, 76, 407, 6427, 262, 10230, 13, 314, 3636, 63, 83, 36059, 284, 2897, 281, 9113, 4610, 284, 257, 1917, 326, 4433, 867, 10991, 351, 257, 31928, 393, 3795, 847, 41690, 13, 2773, 7183, 1560, 502, 691, 530, 1735, 286, 340, 26, 257, 8776, 31928, 318, 1498, 284, 12774, 262, 3074, 287, 6795, 13, 198, 198, 18546, 35599, 284, 14611, 13792, 287, 29285, 11, 399, 13, 56, 11207, 317, 582, 508, 373, 1752, 262, 8153, 286, 262, 1049, 1181, 286, 968, 1971, 531, 25, 7559, 464, 1332, 286, 674, 4371, 318, 407, 1771, 356, 751, 517, 284, 262, 20038, 286, 883, 508, 423, 881, 26, 340, 318, 1771, 356, 2148, 1576, 329, 883, 508, 423, 1310, 13, 15506, 679, 373, 14021, 4216, 5733, 19297, 13, 198, 198, 3792, 534, 1919, 1204, 287, 257, 37758, 30, 46501, 30, 3497, 49220, 63, 82, 6153, 11, 15556, 290, 9902, 42702, 11, 7559, 2437, 284, 1355, 22623, 15506, 438, 1640, 661, 286, 477, 9337, 13, 16290, 534, 1438, 290, 2209, 4084, 10398, 351, 257, 2198, 393, 1637, 1502, 329, 720, 17, 13, 1120, 290, 257, 890, 11, 28305, 357, 2670, 16059, 8, 2116, 12, 2860, 2790, 22878, 284, 25, 23420, 49220, 11, 22623, 414, 11, 8315, 49633, 1954, 11, 8502, 11, 3192, 13, 15897, 2548, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
738
Document Type Publication Date Law professors nowadays mention natural law and natural rights on a regular basis, and not just in jurisprudence. Given that the founding generation universally subscribed to the idea of natural rights, this concept regularly makes a prominent appearance in discussions of constitutional law. One simply cannot avoid the concept if one is to explain Justice Samuel Chase's well-known claim in Calder v. Bull that "[t]here are certain vital principles in our free Republican governments, which will determine and over-rule an apparent and flagrant abuse of legislative power .... An ACf of the Legislature (for I cannot call it a law) contrary to the great first principles of the social compact, cannot be considered a rightful exercise of legislative authority." Nor can law professors explain to their students the reference in the Ninth Amendment to the "other" rights "retained by the people" without mentioning "the preexistent rights of nature." Publication Citation 20 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Pol’y 655-681 (1997)
[ 24941, 5994, 628, 198, 15202, 341, 7536, 628, 198, 198, 16966, 20339, 26760, 3068, 3288, 1099, 290, 3288, 2489, 319, 257, 3218, 4308, 11, 290, 407, 655, 287, 8174, 271, 1050, 42581, 13, 11259, 326, 262, 16636, 5270, 26208, 45794, 284, 262, 2126, 286, 3288, 2489, 11, 428, 3721, 7987, 1838, 257, 9208, 5585, 287, 9984, 286, 9758, 1099, 13, 1881, 2391, 2314, 3368, 262, 3721, 611, 530, 318, 284, 4727, 4796, 17100, 16346, 338, 880, 12, 4002, 1624, 287, 36468, 410, 13, 8266, 326, 12878, 83, 60, 1456, 389, 1728, 9204, 7811, 287, 674, 1479, 3415, 6905, 11, 543, 481, 5004, 290, 625, 12, 25135, 281, 4156, 290, 6056, 5250, 5076, 286, 10828, 1176, 19424, 1052, 7125, 69, 286, 262, 20815, 357, 1640, 314, 2314, 869, 340, 257, 1099, 8, 10388, 284, 262, 1049, 717, 7811, 286, 262, 1919, 16001, 11, 2314, 307, 3177, 257, 43133, 5517, 286, 10828, 4934, 526, 5414, 460, 1099, 20339, 4727, 284, 511, 2444, 262, 4941, 287, 262, 32547, 8441, 284, 262, 366, 847, 1, 2489, 366, 1186, 1328, 416, 262, 661, 1, 1231, 20862, 366, 1169, 47488, 87, 7609, 2489, 286, 3450, 526, 198, 198, 15202, 341, 42317, 198, 198, 1238, 2113, 85, 13, 449, 13, 43, 13, 1222, 8525, 13, 2165, 447, 247, 88, 45021, 12, 48564, 357, 21498, 8, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
219
Timeline Watch Breitling AVI 765 Mariner II, the first interplanetary probe, reaches Venus 1962 Breitling AVI ref. 765, 42mm. case. Manual winding movement cal. Venus 178. In the mid 1950s, Breitling developed a military aviation-spec chronograph the reference 765. It was a large chronograph, with 22mm. size lugs, a rotating 12 hour steel and 41diameter bezel. In the beginning of 1960s, Breitling changed the black sub-dials to white ones. In 1965, the company decided to update the model but maintained the case, dial and hands. The AVI designation was replaced by CP which stands for Co-Pilot. Then, the material of the bezel was changed from steel to anodized aluminum, besides, Breitling introduced two different types of bezels: a half black and half white bezel and a full black one. Breitling modified the movement to a 15 minute counter instead of the 30 minute, the 15 minute counter was done because Aircrews had 15 minutes to get an aircraft ready for takeoff and this allowed them to keep track of those 15 minutes easier than with a 30 minute counter. Breitling has been a leading innovator in high quality stopwatches and chronographs and helped define how chronographs look and function until today. Breitling launched the first wrist chronograph with a pusher at 2:00 in 1915, presented the first dual pusher wrist chronograph with pushers at 2:00 and 4:00 in 1933 and was one of the first manufacturers to recognize the need of early aviators for wrist watches incorporating such devices. In 1942 Breitling introduced the Chronomat, the worlds first Smart Watch, a chronograph with a rotating logarithmic slide rule that allowed complex calculations with the turn of your fingers. Throughout the 1930s to 50s, Breitling continued creating chronographs with different scales to suit different professions, such as tachymeters for production engineers and drivers, and pulsometers for doctors.
[ 14967, 4470, 6305, 198, 198, 12679, 270, 1359, 1849, 10116, 40, 767, 2996, 198, 198, 7676, 7274, 2873, 11, 262, 717, 987, 11578, 8527, 12774, 11, 12229, 21094, 198, 198, 1129, 5237, 3719, 270, 1359, 317, 12861, 1006, 13, 767, 2996, 11, 5433, 3020, 13, 1339, 13, 17969, 28967, 3356, 2386, 13, 21094, 27368, 13, 198, 198, 818, 262, 3095, 11445, 82, 11, 3719, 270, 1359, 4166, 257, 2422, 22548, 12, 16684, 16199, 2384, 262, 4941, 767, 2996, 13, 632, 373, 257, 1588, 16199, 2384, 11, 351, 2534, 3020, 13, 2546, 300, 10339, 11, 257, 24012, 1105, 1711, 7771, 290, 6073, 67, 13173, 307, 17396, 13, 554, 262, 3726, 286, 9507, 82, 11, 3719, 270, 1359, 3421, 262, 2042, 850, 12, 67, 8231, 284, 2330, 3392, 13, 554, 17672, 11, 262, 1664, 3066, 284, 4296, 262, 2746, 475, 9456, 262, 1339, 11, 5980, 290, 2832, 13, 383, 317, 12861, 22566, 373, 6928, 416, 16932, 543, 6296, 329, 1766, 12, 47, 23439, 13, 3244, 11, 262, 2587, 286, 262, 307, 17396, 373, 3421, 422, 7771, 284, 281, 375, 1143, 15955, 11, 13769, 11, 3719, 270, 1359, 5495, 734, 1180, 3858, 286, 307, 89, 1424, 25, 257, 2063, 2042, 290, 2063, 2330, 307, 17396, 290, 257, 1336, 2042, 530, 13, 198, 198, 12679, 270, 1359, 9518, 262, 3356, 284, 257, 1315, 5664, 3753, 2427, 286, 262, 1542, 5664, 11, 262, 1315, 5664, 3753, 373, 1760, 780, 317, 1980, 1809, 82, 550, 1315, 2431, 284, 651, 281, 6215, 3492, 329, 45306, 290, 428, 3142, 606, 284, 1394, 2610, 286, 883, 1315, 2431, 4577, 621, 351, 257, 1542, 5664, 3753, 13, 198, 198, 12679, 270, 1359, 468, 587, 257, 3756, 6237, 1352, 287, 1029, 3081, 2245, 86, 20981, 290, 16199, 33492, 290, 4193, 8160, 703, 16199, 33492, 804, 290, 2163, 1566, 1909, 13, 198, 198, 12679, 270, 1359, 5611, 262, 717, 15980, 16199, 2384, 351, 257, 4192, 372, 379, 362, 25, 405, 287, 32062, 11, 5545, 262, 717, 10668, 4192, 372, 15980, 16199, 2384, 351, 4192, 7084, 379, 362, 25, 405, 290, 604, 25, 405, 287, 26539, 290, 373, 530, 286, 262, 717, 11372, 284, 7564, 262, 761, 286, 1903, 1196, 72, 2024, 329, 15980, 16860, 29927, 884, 4410, 13, 198, 198, 818, 22458, 3719, 270, 1359, 5495, 262, 8750, 296, 265, 11, 262, 11621, 717, 10880, 6305, 11, 257, 16199, 2384, 351, 257, 24012, 2604, 283, 342, 9383, 10649, 3896, 326, 3142, 3716, 16765, 351, 262, 1210, 286, 534, 9353, 13, 198, 198, 26797, 262, 15533, 82, 284, 2026, 82, 11, 3719, 270, 1359, 3767, 4441, 16199, 33492, 351, 1180, 16252, 284, 6050, 1180, 34423, 11, 884, 355, 256, 35586, 4164, 364, 329, 3227, 12037, 290, 6643, 11, 290, 22271, 40077, 329, 7519, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
452
Saturday, 31 March 2012 Game 79: Montréal 2, Washington 3 (SO) Tonight's game told us more about the Washington Capitals than the Montréal Canadiens. They were playing a tired team, that had played the previous night on the road and then traveled to D.C., and jumped to a 2-0 lead, but then couldn't put them away. They were facing the journeyman goaltender Peter Budaj, and should have stepped on the Canadiens neck, but couldn't close the deal in regulation. There's no harm done to their playoff chances, but it says a lot about their motivation and desire and mindset and playoff readiness. The DD line has cooled off somewhat in recent games, and the centreman had a poor game compared to his usual standards. Maybe he is getting tired, or the motivation is hard to come by this late in the season, but he was responsible for a few breakdowns and finished his evening -1. On the offensive side, he didn't seem to click, and his hesitation to shoot in favour of passing to his teammates may be a detriment at this point. The opponents may have the book on him now, and cover the passing lanes and dare him to shoot, like they do to Tomas Kaberle. He'll need to work on his shot and one-timers this summer to address this issue. P.K. Subban is finally listening to me. I've often asked him to stop relying on the big windup slapshot exclusively, and to fake it then deke the shot blocker and go around him for the wrist shot. We saw him use my tactic tonight to great effect if no tangible result. If he continues to do so, he will be more effective, and his slapshot will be more effective as well, if it ever hits the net, since the defenders won't be able to set up for it so easily. Something had been bugging me about Brad Staubitz, and now I know what it is. He's a dead ringer for this guy . Good night, we pick up the regulation tie point, but our draft standings competitors Minnesota and Toronto bungled their way to a win, so not too much damage done. The choice of the Canadiens' next General Manager As the Canadiens sift through a long list of potential candidates for their General Manager vacancy, there are a few trains of thought that can be seen in the fans. One is the repetitive, reflexive assertion that they should hire 'the best man available regardless of language', in the face of these candidates' remarkable résumés and previous achievements. We find in the most likely candidates that two have shown the intellectual ability to obtain a law degree. A few are currently Assistant General Managers for other teams. A couple have intimate knowledge of the Collective Bargaining Agreement through their roles as NHLPA executives or as a player agent. All of them have shown talent and dedication by ascending the echelons of their profession, and at least some of the required qualifications and traits necessary to succeed as a GM. Somehow these candidates don't satisfy the absolutists, who still feel that the team is hampering itself with an arbitrary and irrelevant language requirement, and that there are some clearly better candidates out there who will be shut out of the process because they are unilingual. When pressed to produce these budding Sam Pollocks and Bill Torreys lost in the wilderness, a few names are offered, but none that seem clearly more worthy of an interview than any of the names punted about, save for maybe Jim Nill. Conversely, this faction discounts as meaningless or worthless the candidates' knowledge of the team's history and local market and the ability to communicate with its fans. Another apparent misunderstanding is how the recruiting process is conducted, either generally or in the hockey world. Usually, a wide net is cast to review as many résumés and evaluate as many candidates as possible. Through various hurdles or benchmarks most are eliminated until a short list is drawn up, and these candidates get interviewed to evaluate their skills, personal abilities and potential fit within the organization. The interviewer or interview panel then may select a candidate, or maybe select a couple of finalists for another round of interviews if they are seen as being 'neck and neck', to allow for another opportunity to differentiate them. In the end the person that is hired is sometimes clearly the best candidate and best fit, but most often there are a few candidates who would be suitable and the decision is a judgment call. It's not as if one candidate scores an 89 and everyone else is in the 60's and 70's, it's never that objective or clear cut. You end up having one candidate who impresses with her energy and enthusiasm and original ideas, and another who shows great experience and judgment and an impressive track record, and have to choose between the two. If the choice was so obvious, if interviews were objective and categorical and not open to bias and error, there wouldn't be any dismissals. People would be hired into jobs and perform well in that role until promoted or recruited somewhere else. This is obviously not the case. Candidates are misevaluated or end up underperforming all the time. The best you can do is find a group of candidates who fit the profile and meet all the basic requirements and most of the preferred requirements, and then do your best and hope you come up with the right choice. One of the more common errors, however, is to not winnow down your list and interview everyone. In these situations you end up with a lot of candidates that blend into a mishmash in the interview panel's mind. Those that were interviewed earlier in the process tend to fade from memory. The very first candidates and the ones who met the panel more recently tend to stand out in the panel's mind, at the expense of worthy but unlucky candidates scheduled in the long boring middle of the pack. I remember going over candidate selection methods in a university industrial psychology course, and learning that none of them are foolproof. Interestingly, the one which recruiters or executives tend to prize the most, the interview, is one of the least accurate selection methods based on the retention rate of hirees, yet is the one that is most relied on and is the one that executives swear by. Studies demonstrated that a process which relied exclusively on résumé review and background and reference checks was a more effective way to find the right candidate than one which included an interview process. Still, it is almost impossible to convince an employer to hire a candidate without meeting them first in an interview. Interestingly, the most effective way to select a candidate is the realistic job preview, where a candidate or group of candidates are put in the workplace and perform the duties required of them, or as near as is possible, and are evaluated thus. The realistic job preview consistently proves to be the best selection method, in that the candidate can evaluate whether the job and workplace is the right environment for herself, the potential coworkers can offer feedback to the recruiters, and the recruiters can see how the candidates perform. Practically, this selection method is hard to use in most settings, as there are problems with allowing candidates to do 'real work'. In some fields however, such as policing or the fire service or the military, cadet programs and ride-along programs serve this function and show great results. In our case, candidates such as Marc Bergevin, Claude Loiselle and Julien Brisebois are already on their realistic job previews, in that they are performing in an Assistant GM role and can be evaluated on how they are performing in as near a position as we can come up with. Francois Giguère actually performed in the GM role and has a track record. All that would remain in their case would be to evaluate their fit within the organization. Which brings us to another train of thought that is puzzling, which is that somehow Pierre McGuire is one of the candidates who deserves serious consideration for the position. While Mr. McGuire is an energetic broadcaster and a likable individual, he performed very poorly in an Assistant GM position with the Hartford Whalers, and has been out of the management ranks for more than a decade. If his résumé is reviewed against some of the other candidates that are bandied about, his shouldn't even make it on the short list pile. Friday, 30 March 2012 Our boys in Hamilton in 2012-13 Looking forward to next season, what do we do with the onslaught of new talent on the Hamilton Bulldogs? We have Brendan Gallagher, Patrick Holland and Michaël Bournival from junior, and maybe Steve Quailer and Danny Kristo from college at forward. On defence, we have Greg Patery coming in from Michigan, and Jared Tinordi, Nathan Beaulieu, Morgan Ellis and maybe Darren Dietz from the CHL. Do we leave these kids in the AHL next season, come hell or high water, or do we draw upon them as needed, which we are certain to? Game 78: Montréal 1, New York Rangers 4 Nothing to report from this game, in that it went as expected. The Canadiens didn't overachieve, like they did a few times this season when they rose to the occasion or the opposition, or like when they, more frequently, laid an egg. This was a Goldilocks special, it was just right. As expected, the Canadiens two forward lines were not able to counter the Rangers' four lines. The Rangers' defence, led by Michael Del Zotto and bolstered by the 'McDonagh swing', easily outclassed the Canadiens'. So the Canadiens were overmatched against the first place team, but they didn't give up, they didn't lie down. They expended effort, but it was understandably lacking spirit this late in this fishtailing season. Any bounce, any lift that could have been provided by the launch of the General Manager hiring process was absent, or maybe overestimated by the press and by this observer. The guys need to find motivation from within, to hold on to their jobs or earn a spot elsewhere, but that may be harder to achieve than we believe. Hockey players are emotional creatures, and when your team has cratered, it's hard to fight like it still matters. Andrei Markov has faded noticeably since his auspicious debut. I saw him chugging back for a cleared puck, racing against a Ranger, and he looked Hal Gill-slow. Now I'm not panicking, it's good that he's out there playing and getting a head start on next season, but it would be better if he looked more comfortable and agile with each passing game. We might be too demanding in this regard. I did see him throw a hip check, which is good, but we also saw him limping off the ice near the end of the game. Now that could be nothing, just scar tissue being knocked loose and the knee being stressed in a different way than Andrei has been allowing it to in the last couple years. We have to remember that Andrei has been 'guarding' his left knee for that long now, favouring his other knee, and babying the injured one. When it gets that little extra impact or twist, he's going to feel it since his knee hasn't been stressed like that, and he's not ready for it psychologically. René Bourque has been getting assailed by fans for being slow, uninvolved, almost apathetic. There are drums beating already for him to be shipped out, and I want to again state that while I wish he was more productive right now, he has all of next season to prove himself. In a way, his torpor is helping us stay high in the draft rankings, so it's an opportune slump for us. Next season, once he's gotten over the repercussions of his suspension and he's fully digested the trade, maybe has a chance to get truly settled in Montréal, has a new coach who can maybe push the right buttons with him, and plays with the right linemates and on a team with more direction, he may get on track and start potting goals. With the Leafs looking to beef up over the summer, and the Senators and Bruins already embracing their inner goon, we'll be happy to have that big guy on our second or third line, at a reasonable price. He's not the issue on our team, there are many other holes to worry about. One player I do worry about is Blake Geoffrion. He does look like he lacks explosion and is a step behind the action. This summer, Blake must forego the golf and wakeboarding and bagging Nashville honeys and instead rent a place in Brossard across the street from the practice complex, and basically live at the gym. He has to do a full summer of explosion training, power skating and plyometrics. He has to show up at training camp leaner, meaner and with noticeably more jump in his stride. He may think that he's training hard right now, but he has to take it two levels higher, and make the strength and conditioning coaches his best friends. I'm not talking about the cliché 'I put on ten pounds of muscle this summer' idea (which is usually a load of bunk), I'm talking pure squats and deadlifts and box jumps and skating until he wants to throw up. His career over the next two seasons will be defined by the effort he expends over the summer. The kid has talent, he was a Hobey Baker winner, now he needs to allow himself to succeed. Thursday, 29 March 2012 Régime change in Brossard Big big news from Montréal today, and welcome news, in that Mr. Pierre Gauthier has been relieved of his duties as the Canadiens General Manager. Also, Bob Gainey, who was working as an advisor to the GM, was informed that his contract which expires this summer will not be renewed. Not that these gentlemen were bad people or incompetent, but the results speak for themselves, both when using the 'Parcells test' while looking at the standings, and also in the erosion of talent from the roster over the last year, and of prestige from the organization. Mr. Gainey's gambit to go for a small skilled team that would skate the opposition into the ground was ultimately undone by the CABAL of Jeremy Jacobs, Colin Campbell and Don Cherry, who are steering the game back to the dark days of the brawling seventies and the clutch and grab nineties. The relationship between the team and its managers was no longer beneficial or workable, so it was time to part ways with these two gentlemen and go in a new direction. A paradoxical angle is that many commentors today applauded the move, but also pined for organizational stability, and lauded the Buffalos and Nashvilles of the league who stick with their GM-Coach combinations year after year, through thick and thin. One encouraging aspect of today's announcement was the performance of Geoff Molson. I had a favourable opinion of him since his interview at the start of the season on RDS, during which he said all the right things: his love of the Canadiens, the fact that he plays hockey himself and his sons do, how he spent time in the Canadiens online ticket-buying system so he could find out what the experience is like for the fans and how it could be improved. The fact that he was eloquent and spoke flawless French was a big plus. The clincher was his assertion that he would be an arms-length owner, and that while he would serve as President, he wouldn't meddle in day-to-day operations, which was great news to those of us who don't want a George Steibrenner or Dan Snyder or Jerry Jones in charge of the Canadiens. Despite this great start, he was splattered by the rotten season the team endured. He was ridiculed when he gave the team and its staff a vote of confidence. He was derided by a number of fans as over his head, or vilified as a beer salesman who didn't care about winning, but only for profits. It seemed he was cut little slack in having taken over a team that was having a measure of success in the playoffs and deciding to let the current managers continue their seeming good work. He also wasn't given any credit for the fact that he had only been in the President's office for less than a year. Thankfully, his press conference today allayed a lot of fears and he seems to have bought himself some time and regained some credibility in the eyes of his critics. He again spoke of the history and tradition of the Canadiens, of how squeaking into the playoffs was not an indicator of success. He was honest on a number of topics, in both languages. His main coup was the announcement that he had hired Serge Savard as his advisor for the candidate selection process. While Mr. Savard has been out of the NHL for a while, he still brings a lot of good judgment, connections and experience to the table. It speaks highly of Mr. Molson that he has the humility to share the spotlight and admit he needs help. This comes on the heels of reports that he has been seeking advice from pretty much anyone he could in the last few weeks, so he is genuine in asking for help, it's not a publicity stunt. There's not much to add to the torrent of positive comments with respect to Mr. Savard. It is a great indication that Mr. Molson understands that the Canadiens have a few advantages that other organizations don't, one of which is a deep pool of qualified, talented men to build an organization with. One of the talking heads spoke in contrast and unflatteringly of the Leafs and quipped: "I wonder if Brian Burke is calling Bill Derlago for advice?" To have resources like Serge Savard and not use them is borderline sabotage. It seems that Geoff Molson 'gets it', and he will capitalize on the strengths of his team. Another advantage the Canadiens have is this hereditary, generational, visceral attachment that the team has with its fans. Mr. Molson again shows that he gets it by stating clearly that having a GM who can speak French is important, if not a mandatory qualification. While this is grist for the mill for those who reflexively repeat that the Canadiens should hire 'the best qualified candidate', this can be addressed in two ways. One is the veritable plethora of candidates who are rattled off when the speculation begins as to who will replace Mr. Gauthier. There are at least half a dozen very qualified candidates who are bilingual and can step into the role, some holding Assistant GM positions currently and being considered as ready by hockey people to take the next step. Vincent Damphousse is a smart guy who owns businesses and who in his time on the NHLPA bargaining committee got to know the Collective Bargaining Agreement exhaustively. Pat Brisson is a very respected player agent who is touted by analysts as the next one to go to the other side of the table and become a GM. If anything, there may be too many candidates to interview. It is clear to see that the requirement to speak French will not prevent the team from interviewing many qualified candidates. The 'best qualified' candidate is an elusive beast. It's not always clear who is the best candidate. There's no objective test. If there was, there wouldn't be so many subsequent dismissals, in the hockey world and in the real world. In reality, the person that tends to get hired is the person that has a strong enough résumé to get on a short list, and then impresses the hiring committee with their personal qualities, the force of their ideas and the fit with the organization. It's not like the World's Strongest Man or a cage brawl where there is an objective, indisputable champion. Out of the short list, you usually feel good about two or three candidates, and then you hope to choose the right one. There is no unemployed Sam Pollock out there without any warts who will be denied a chance at employment because he doesn't speak French. All those mythical 'best qualified' candidates, those who have talent and experience, are either currently employed or were let go from somewhere else because they were found wanting. When the analysts on TSN were asked, after providing the exhaustive list of bilingual potential candidates, to provide a few names of candidates who don't speak French, they could only muster a couple of unmemorable suggestions. Which brings us to the other way we can address the 'best candidate'. If Mr. Molson understands that the attachment between the fans and the team is a strength we can capitalize on, then he knows he has to nurture that bond, feed it. To do so, he has to, as we did in the past by design and by accident, ensure that there is local representation on the team, that Québec boys are stars and heroes and win the Cup and create another generation of boys who want to grow up and be a Canadien too. This kind of attachment is priceless. Or rather, we may find out the price or the advantage if we are able to sign P.A. Parenteau this summer at a hometeam discount. We need to have more generations of little hockey players who identify with the team and would give anything to play here, instead of the deplorable Daniel Brière situation, where a homeboy chose for various reasons to stay away. We need our managers to understand this, and to do everything in their power that more David Desharnais and Alexandre Burrows are discovered instead of slipping through the cracks. Serge Savard has spoken ably on the subject, and it is reassuring that he will recommend we hire a GM who shares this philosophy. It should be an exciting end of season now, as opposed to what we thought as recently as yesterday, that the remaining five games would be a Bataan Death March. Instead they'll be the background action to the main players. Let's hope that we end up with a young, talented, bright GM who quickly hires Patrick Roy, uh, I mean our next coach, and sets us up well in anticipation of the draft in June. Mike Komisarek for Tomas Kaberle? All right, I’ll float this idea again, except I’m a little more serious this time: How about we approach the Leafs and offer to take Mike Komisarek off their hands in return for offloading Tomas Kaberle on them? The contracts are virtually identical in terms of cap hit, dollars and term. 1) I can’t stand Tomas Kaberle. 2) We desperately need the skillset that Mike has, and don’t really need Mr. Kaberle’s, especially with Andrei Markov back next season, and Raphaël Diaz and Yannick Weber still on the roster. 3) With a clearly defined role, maybe Mike can approach the level of play he showed while he was here. He wouldn’t be the big acquisition who has to justify his big free agency bucks he currently is in TO, but rather the guy slotted as a #5 or #6 defensive defenceman, the big strong guy who clears the net and inspires respect for our goalie. Trying to make lemonade out of a lemon. Fire away. Tuesday, 27 March 2012 Game 77: Montréal 2, Florida 3 (SO) In our plummet to the bottom, we have reached our floor, in that we can go no lower than 29th, Columbus having clinched the last/first spot in preparation for the draft lottery. Our team worries me though, since we have some pieces that can prevent some losses, or at least outright losses, losses in regulation that solidify our draft position. We have a goalie, we have hungry rookies who are trying to impress whoever will be calling the shots next training camp, we have a #1 line that is still playing hard, like it matters, and like they enjoy playing with each other instead of being all glum and comatose. This loss is a familiar story for our team this season: play hard, work hard, grab a lead, cough it up in the third, settle for a regulation tie, and lose it in the shootout. And I can't think of another, original way to state it, so I'll grab my violin and pluck out the old dirge that this 'loser' point is killing our chances for a killer draft, and that the deadly Leafs are on the prowl, wielding their familiar weapons: dreadful, beer-league quality goaltending and a crestfallen team whose morale is being obliterated by a tyrannical coach. Those guys are dangerous, they have been there before, they know how to get the job done. You can see it in their eyes, they have the killer attitude. Our team is not as bad as the Leafs. We have a lot of gaping holes in the roster, but there is a strong foundation to build on. At forward we have five or six NHL-worthy players, and now must find six more to fill out our corps. We can do so with one or three judicious free agent signings, maybe by trading a prospect for a player ready for the NHL, and hopefully by infilling from our system, maybe one more summer of development will yield dividends with some of our farmhands and current bottom-liners. We can hope that our first-round draft pick will be ready to fill one of these holes at forward. On defence, we have four very solid players, and then a plethora of question marks. Solid reinforcements are tantalizingly close, maybe in time for the 2013 training camp. We are set and more at goaltender. Louis Leblanc is showing us something, even though he has been affected by injuries the last couple of years, and his development could have stalled. We kind of wish that he'd spent the entire season in Hamilton being the #1 centre and being the horse, but he's making the best of his limited minutes, and tonight kind of showed up René Bourque. Again, next season it would be nice if we could let him mature in Hamilton, but we may not have that luxury since we don't have enough NHL players, and he may force the team's hand with his play anyway. Frédéric St-Denis is another player who is making it hard for us to ignore him. I've discounted his effective play so far this season, believing he didn't bring a skillset to the team that we needed, in that we already have smaller, mobile defencemen on the roster, yet again tonight he was effective, always well-positioned, used his stick to compensate for his lack of physical strength, and gathered an assist when he sent Louis Leblanc off on his 3-on-0 goal. I may be slow on the uptake, but tonight was the first time I began to question whether he might do significantly better than Yannick Weber or Tomas Kaberle or Chris Campoli. I'm a little worried by Ryan White. He hasn't scored a goal yet, isn't creating any chances through diligent forechecking like he was last season, and may be overcompensating by fighting too often. He went up against Erik Gudbranson even though he gave up a significant size advantage. Ryan wasn't a mere fighter when he was drafted out of the WHL, he was seen as a hard-working centre and was ranked ahead of Ben Maxwell and Milan Lucic by NHL Central Scouting his draft year. Another detail which I noted was that his hair was dry as he went to the penalty box, as if he hadn't had the icetime to work up a good sweat beforehand. I know he's trying to contribute any way he can, but I don't want him to marginalize himself into a Rick Rypien-type middleweight who takes on all comers and does not much else. It might mean a short career for him. Mark Napier vs. Mike Bossy Regarding the Mark Napier vs. Mike Bossy draft, the thinking among Montréal fans at the time, and contrary to the Doug Wickenheiser pick, was unanimous that the local kid/scoring machine should be our choice if we had a crack at him. We didn't have the resources available today to do any research, but none of the picks that year were as sexy as picking him seemed to be. There were grumblings that he was too soft and might get killed in the NHL, but those fears existed during his junior career also. He was obviously a target every game he played, and was intimidated and threatened by goons specifically brought in to take him out, yet he persevered. The junior leagues in the seventies were just as crazy as you might expect, and opposition coaches didn't want him to beat them. The retort to the line that he might be too soft was that you just had to surround him with the proper players, as he was with the National de Laval, and like the Islanders did by lining him up with Clarke Gillies and Bryan Trottier, and the Oilers did with Wayne Gretzky and Dave Semenko. Another line of reasoning was that he wasn't a strong defensive player. There's a story that during the 1977 draft, Bill Torrey asked his chief scout who was left when their turn came up in the first round. The reply was: "Mike Bossy, can score but can't check, and Dwight Foster, can check but can't score." "Get me the scorer," Torrey is reputed to have said, "I'll teach him how to check." The Canadiens had a shot at him at the #10 overall slot, but chose to go with Mark Napier, who seemed to be as good a scorer as Mr. Bossy in junior, and had played a pro season in the WHA with Birmingham without ending up deceased, so they felt he was a better candidate. They may have been greedy or unrealistic and thought that Mr. Bossy would still be waiting for them at #20 overall. They ended up missing by three slots, and got Normand Dupont as the consolation prize. Doug Wickenheiser vs. Denis Savard Regarding the Doug Wickenheiser draft, while there was a significant contingent who felt at the time that local boy Denis Savard should be the choice, we were then as now afflicted with the ‘gros joueur de centre’ mania. We had traded away Peter Mahovlich, we complained that he was slow, and stopped skating when he stickhandled, which he did all too often. We learned after his trade that he partied too hard and drove Scotty Bowman nuts. So before the draft, the Montréal Matin, La Presse, le Journal de Montréal, the call-in show ‘Les Amateurs de Sports’ on CKAC, all agreed that we needed to draft a big centre to plug in between Steve Shutt and Guy Lafleur. One look at their stats confirmed the wisdom of drafting Mr. Wickenheiser. He scored more goals and points than Mr. Savard did, in a league that was more defensive and didn’t tend to produce high-scorers. He was the obvious choice. In hindsight, it’s easy to rue that call. If we had chosen Denis Savard, he might have been crushed by expectations and not developed also, or he might have let the adulation and party favours go to his head, and Doug Wickenheiser might have had a much better career in Chicago with time to develop and less pressure. I don’t necessarily believe that, as Denis Savard showed he had the fire to be the best and would have done so anywhere, whereas Doug Wickenheiser seemed too placid for the role he was meant to fill. In our next draft, we have the added disadvantage of drafting eighteen year old players, as opposed to twenty year olds back then, so it’s even more of a conjecture as to how these kids will turn out. Saturday, 24 March 2012 Game 76: Montréal 1, Philadelphia 4 We're mathematically eliminated. It doesn't even sting. Good result for the organization, we lose in regular time and the Leafs lose in OT to hamper themselves with an unwanted point in the standings. Minny and the Islanders kept pace though. Remember the house party at the really cute girl's house, where you were up against three other goobers trying to be the last one to leave, and you were dragging your feet and stalling and helping her clean up and putting another CD on and misremembering where your jacket was and doggone it now you'd miss your bus so you had at least another half hour to kill.... Few positives to point out, even the reliable penalty-kill unit gave up three goals on five chances. Let's see, let's see..... Oh yeah: Josh Gorges blocked six shots, maintaining his lead as the league leader. Claude Giroux was kept off the scoresheet. So was David Fischer. Wayne Simmonds wasn't permitted to be the bully he usually tries to be against the Canadiens, or at least the smaller, meeker Canadiens he faced earlier this season. When he blew a fuse in the third, Mike Blunden and Ryan White were right there on him, and the refs actually got the call right, calling him for two deserved minors and a misconduct. Six more to go. Let's see a René Bourque goal explosion before the season ends, and more excellent all-round performances from P.K. Subban (psst!... P.K.... Use your wrist shot more. Fake the slapper, then move to the centre and wrist it.) Friday, 23 March 2012 Game 75: Montréal 5, Ottawa 1 As the season draws to a close, there is nothing left for Canadiens fans but to enjoy the games, and Erik Cole took charge of our entertainment value in the first period. He potted 3 goals in the first five minutes of the game, and could easily have had three more throughout the remaining fifty-five minutes, as well as Max. Both big wingers were dangerous all game, generating scoring chances every time they were on the ice. Again, I tip my hat to Erik Cole for the ensemble of his oeuvre this season, characterized by a fiery will to win, great leadership and camaraderie with his teammates, and a spectacular bull-in-the-china-shop style, crashing the crease as relentlessly as do waves upon a beach. He has persevered all season, during winning and losing streaks, in close games or during blowouts, against physical or finesse teams, through injuries and aches and pains caused by innumerable crosschecks and collisions with the boards or posts. He fought on the beaches, on the landing grounds, in the fields and the streets, he never surrendered. My only regret is that we won't see his playoff beard this season. The second period’s entertainment, however, was ‘orchestrated’ by putrid refereeing, with the culprits wallowing contentedly in the mire provided by the evil triumvirate of Jeremy Jacobs, Colin Campbell and Don Cherry. The Senators came out slashing, crosschecking and generally gooning from the opening faceoff, and the refs were attentively ineffective. You could see them, with furrowed brows, all eagle-eyed, watching everything and seeing nothing. They allowed the Senators to perpetrate their anti-hockey relatively unencumbered. After every stoppage in front of the Canadiens net, the facewashes and rabbit punches and crosschecks came out, and somehow the refs would think these infractions cancelled out on both sides. Which is completely ridiculous. In rugby, scrums and mauls are sometimes intentionally collapsed by the defending team if they feel they are losing too much ground or are about to be pushed backward over their own goalline. That is, they used to be brought to the ground, because the International Rugby Board, the sports governing body, has now outlawed these tactics, which above all were extremely dangerous for players, in that these collapses will sometimes result in a serious, paralyzing neck injury. This was also seen as anti-rugby, it evened the odds for the less talented teams and killed the flow and spectacle. A problem might have existed to determine who actually caused the collapse with certainty, since in this roiling mass of humanity it's difficult to see who stopped pushing and standing and decided to drag down his opponents. In theory. In practice, the very easy solution was to automatically ascribe the fault (and penalty) to the defending team, since they have everything to gain by fouling the play, as opposed to the team on the attack. So now, when a maul or scrum is collapsed, the attacking team gets the ball on a penalty. It's automatic. There is no attempt to decide if it was intentional. Or, with NHL-think, if the team on the attack had it coming. Or whether the game is too close and it's too close a score to award a penalty. Or whether this late in the game we should just 'let them play'. In a game like tonight's game, it's obvious who's starting the scrums, "le niaisage" as Marc Denis of RDS put it. It's the team that's behind in the score, with Chris Neil and Zenon Konopka and Nick Foligno and Zack Smith on the ice instead of Daniel Alfredsson and Erik Karlsson and Jason Spezza. It's pretty flipping obvious who should be marching to the penalty box after every one of these whistles. As a boy I used to watch a lot of wrestling, and would feel anxiety and panic in response to the incompetence of the referees. It would literally play with my mind, I would verge on tears, I was so outraged at the unfairness of it all, and how the refs had to be blind or crooked. On tag team matches, I would often see two refs push back Jacques Rougeau who had entered the ring without being tagged, and direct him back to his corner outside the ropes. He was only trying to come to the assistance of Denis Gauthier or his cousin Raymond, the other team was cheating, but it didn't matter to the refs, they would escort him back, with their backs turned to the action. Meanwhile, Michel 'Justice' Dubois and Abdullah the Butcher would have hapless Raymond trussed up in the other corner, with a rope around his neck. Justice Dubois would be working his midsection with something he pulled out of his sock, and Abdullah the Butcher might be digging at his scalp with Eddie Creatchman's false teeth. And I would lose my marbles. I'd point at the screen and yell at the refs, point to what they were missing, and to the cheating. "Non, non," my father would say, "ils trichent pas, c'est de la stratégie!" He'd then raise his arms and proclaim in unison with his favourite wrestler: "Justice!!!!"  In hindsight, that was probably child abuse on my father's part. During this game, and during many others, notably against the Bruins, I sense the same impotent rage rising. I see Nick Foligno elbowing Josh Gorges in the head, then later punching Andrei Markov in the back of the head, with Paul MacLean smirking behind the bench, the same week that the NFL suspended coach Payton for an entire year in the name of player safety. I see Mark Stuart buffoonishly chasing after Andrei Kostistyn in a circle around the Jets' zone, slashing him ten times by my count in the process, with no whistle. As I've stated before, the two minutes should have been ringing up like in a pinball game, ping ping ping, until the guy spent the whole next period in the box. I see Brad Marchand punching Daniel Sedin five times in the face, with no call. I see him diving at Alexei Emelin's knees mere weeks after being suspended for the very same offence, with no call. At least at the end of the wrestling match I'd get my retribution, I'd get justice, real justice, not Dubois 'Justice'. The Rougeaus would get a surge of righteous energy and pull it out in the end, they'd fly at the villains from the third rope with acrobatics and somersaults and 'scientific' wrestling, as taught by the chief proponent Edouard Carpentier. I don't get a cathartic apotheosis with hockey like I used to with La Lutte du Samedi, just more of Nick Kypreos, Mike Milbury, Gary Bettman and, increasingly, Brendan Shanahan. Can I state again my distaste for Chris Neil and all he stands for? He's a downright bully, always cruising around the ice with a scowl on his face and thuggery on his mind. How he gets to stay in this game after shoving a referee aside, to start a meaningless, unprovoked fight against Ryan White after the first period siren, I don't understand. And as I write this, I'm watching the St. John Sea Dogs playing the Cape Breton Screaming Eagles, and three or four fights just happened, to the cackles of the announcers who speak of players 'standing up for themselves' and 'sending a message', fully cognizant of the fact that some of these players are not even adults. Thursday, 22 March 2012 Game 74: Montréal 0, Buffalo 3 Did Randy Cunneyworth pound the final nail in his own coffin by pulling Carey Price from the net with 3 and a half minutes to play in an absolutely meaningless game for the Canadiens, especially when they were down 3-0? What an absolutely bizarre move. What was he trying to gain by doing so? His team is eliminated, there is nothing crucial about this game, and all he can reasonably expect from this move is to ruin Ryan Miller's shutout. While he has not overwhelmed anyone with his coaching acumen during his tortured head coaching stint in Montréal, Mr. Cunneyworth has the luxury of a lot of sympathy from observers in the league because of the situation he was parachuted into and how he has kept a certain personal dignity as the ship goes down underneath him. If however many more scenes occur like his argument with Chris Campoli on the bench during the last game, and these fabricated empty-net situations at the end of this game, he may further damage his standing in the league and make it harder on himself to get another shot at a NHL head coaching job. Les Glorieux played more like a defeated, eliminated team than they have recently. We didn't see the energy and the bite they have shown in the last six games, from the net out. Carey Price was okay, the defencemen were invisible except for P.K. Subban, and the top two forward lines weren't able to compensate for the third and fourth line. While this resulted in a soporific game, and I seriously considered using the fast-forward function many times while watching, and only reminding myself that the season is over soon gave me the strength not to, I give the boys a pass, the last few weeks have been rough, and we can't expect miracles from this roster. A quick comment on René Bourque, who is catching a lot of heat from fans now as his cold spell drags on. He seems to be having more of a spark lately, although it hasn't resulted in a goal. I think that next season, with a new start and a new coach, new teammates, and hopefully better linemates, a better acclimation to Montréal, and greater remove from his suspension, which he admits has played havoc with his mindset while he plays, he will be much more effective. The key here is to accept what we have in Mr. Bourque, and temper our expectations accordingly. He's a big, strong winger who can hit, and a legitimate NHL'er who can score goals from in close. He's moody and streaky, we know that also, so we can't get in a tizzy when he's quiet for five or ten games. Let's plug him in on a line with a good playmaker and another winger who'll complement his game, let's expect 20-25 goals from him, let's appreciate his efforts on the penalty kill, and remember that he came with lots of salary cap relief, a prospect and a 2nd-rounder. He's not someone we need to worry about as we play out the string, let's give him a chance to establish his life here, and come out with a better mindset at training camp. Tuesday, 20 March 2012 Guy Lafleur drove his career into the guardrail I read today that Michael Ryder and Mike Ribeiro shouldn't have been cast off from the Canadiens despite their partying ways, that is doesn't matter as long as they produce, since partying never hurt Guy Lafleur for example. To which I'm flabbergasted and retort: "Partying never hurt Guy Lafleur?" What do you say about his last four or five seasons with the team? Were these worthy of a player of his talent? Here are his stats, with his first season in 1972 listed, all the way to his last one with the Canadiens in 1984-85. 73 29 35 64 48 70 28 27 55 51 73 21 35 56 29 70 53 66 119 37 80 56 69 125 36 80 56 80 136 20 78 60 72 132 26 80 52 77 129 28 74 50 75 125 12 51 27 43 70 29 66 27 57 84 24 68 27 49 76 12 80 30 40 70 19 19 2 3 5 10 I read another post today that trots out the old trope that the Cabal of Ronald Corey, Serge Savard and Jacques Lemaire intentionally humiliated Guy by putting him on the fourth line and ‘force’ him to retire. This one really sticks in my craw.  Sure, three guys whose job it is to ice the best team possible and win the Cup 'made' their 'best' player play on the fourth line. If Guy Lafleur had abstained or at least moderated his drinking and smoking and other recreational substances, if he wasn’t out partying all night regularly, he would have eased off into the golden years of his career like Joe Sakic or Steve Yzerman did. They adapted and evolved their play to match their eroding skills and the team needs. The reason he ended up on the fourth line and eventually out of the league is of his own doing. He is the author of his own misery. Is Guy Lafleur a tragic hero to some degree? Without a doubt. Was he a huge influence on me growing up, and the major reason we won four Stanley Cups in the late seventies? Again, indubitably. But was he forced out of the league by sinister forces against which he was powerless? Yes, but only if you are referring to the scourge of addiction. If Guy had still been potting 30-40 goals a season and was still one of the best skaters in the league, Jacques Lemaire would have been only too happy to play him relentlessly, and Serge Savard would have kept tacking on years to his contracts. Patrick Roy, Pierre Alexandre Parenteau are a good start on the way back to respectability I’m trying to catch up to the controversy (controversies) of the day surrounding the Montreal Canadiens. One is the rumour that Geoff Molson has an agreement in principle with Patrick Roy that he will be the next Canadiens coach, and it will be announced at season's end. I’m clearly on record as being in favour of Patrick Roy being the next coach of the Canadiens, despite some of the lucid objections brought forth by many. I heard him being interviewed on radio, and he does sound mature and thoughtful, it’s worth a listen, and it’s certainly a change from the platitudes we hear from the current Canadiens régime. Especially if he’s surrounded with the right assistants (fingers crossed: Larry Robinson and Guy Carbonneau), I think he has the potential to transform our team from one that works very hard to avoid getting scored on and hopefully win to one that skates on to opposition rinks and engenders more of the respect and even fear of yesteryears. There are mostly positive comments about P.A. Parenteau and the possibility that he gets an offer from and eventually signs with the Canadiens, but some doubters and a little ridicule at he being the next francophone ‘saviour’ of the team. While this has been a tough season, there’s no need to get bitter. If we’re not there already. Our team needs NHL talent, we are hard up to fill out a roster, we use AHL’ers who aren’t ready yet for the big leagues currently. If he joins the team, we have plugged a big huge hole, in that we have more scoring, talent, and we have bumped an AHL’er back down to the minors. We can never have too much talent, especially when you consider that injuries will perennially thin out the herd. As far as his origins, they are noteworthy in that they give us a competitive advantage. He has a personal relationship with David Desharnais and claims he wants to play here. He might even take a hometown discount to do so. We have a few cards we can play here, one of them being a huge fanbase that churns out NHL’ers who have a soft spot for the team, let’s use this. This is the opposite situation of the case where we’d have to overpay Daniel Brière for him to come here, since he doesn’t value putting on the CH sweater. In the very long view, it is important that kids growing up in Québec love the Canadiens and recognize themselves in the team, and a bit of the team in themselves. This generates more lifelong fans who will support the team, and more players who dream of making it to the NHL and wearing the bleu-blanc-rouge. In the salary-cap world we live in, this is an important strategic edge we have on the St-Louis Blues and the Florida Panthers. If Geoff Molson understands anything, it needs to be that there must be a strong, visceral, emotional connection between the fans and leurs Glorieux. Having accepted that, we can begin to accept that signing Mr. Parenteau, or drafting local players and signing local free agents, and hiring homegrown coaches is not just a cynical pander to the unwashed masses, but a natural fit for this team and one that yields long-term dividends that are harder to quantify. Saturday, 17 March 2012 Amateurs on That’s Hockey 2 Nite Watching That’s Hockey 2 Nite (ugh… is Prince the exec producer on this show?) and Kevin Daneyko says “Daniel Alfredsson gives the howdy doody to the Montreal defenceman, I believe that’s Desjarnais”. And it’s not a typo, he pronounced it as a cross between ‘Desjardins’ and ‘Desharnais’. Motormouth Steve Kouleas retorted: “I think that was Mathieu Darche actually, number 52″. The jersey number was there clear as day, number 62, it was Frédéric St-Denis who got deked by Mr. Alfredsson. How unprofessional is it for these two clowns to just wing it like that?How hard is it to check the rosters on the game recap on When I comment on this site I take 5 seconds to check or Wikipedia or CapGeek, I don’t say “I think…”, I state a fact. These guys have staffers, a budget, they have no excuse. There’s more. They replayed the goal a couple of minutes later, and Mr. Daneyko says Daniel Alfredsson does the “Howdy Doody on a forward there, not a defenceman….” If you’re so unclear on what’s going on, so confused that it encroaches on your commentary, don’t you just stop rolling the cameras and do your homework and come back once you’ve got your facts straight? Friday, 16 March 2012 Game 72: Montréal 1, Ottawa 2 (OT) The Canadiens get a C for effort and a E for results. They squander a draft-position-solidifying loss by hanging on, in the face of a 33-14 shots-on-goal disadvantage, to a 1-1 regulation tie, and cough up the win in overtime. At this rate we're going to fall in the standings at a slower pace than the Maple Leafs. There is a bright side. By losing to the Senators, we allowed them to vault all the way to second place, dropping the vacillating Bruins to seventh in the Conference, with champion of personal freedom (IN HIS PRIVATE LIFE!!! DON'T MISUNDERSTAND HIM! IT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH HIS PERFORMANCE AS A HOCKEY PLAYER!) Tim Thomas leading the swoon. Our boys tried hard in a way. We can assert this by relying on their penalty killing prowess, whereby they killed off 9 powerplays, which doesn't happen without a lot of sweat and pain. Ask Josh Gorges, who blocked 10 shots, and Tomas Plekanec, who played 12 of his 27 minutes shorthanded. What was missing was a little bit of passion or magic. I saw René Bourque and Ryan White chugging hard to skate back for backchecking duties, but there was a resignation in their bearing, as if they were performing a duty, as if they were trying hard for the cameras and the coaches, almost giving themselves plausible deniability, instead of being driven by a hatred for losing and a hunger for the puck. In stereo, both stood up and stopped skating as soon as they crossed the blueline, their job seemingly done. Carey Price was cool, almost clinical in keeping us in the game. He has a few detractors among Montréal fans, but received nothing but plaudits from the Hockey Night in Canada broadcast crew, despite their documented Toronto bias. He was described as a superstar and a no-brainer choice for the 2014 Team Canada squad. We should cherish him and refuse to take him for granted. The Two and a Half Men line didn't get on the scoreboard, which goes a long way in explaining this loss. If this team is going to have a chance to win, they can't have an off-night. We saw during the game broadcast Max Pacioretty having words on the bench, reportedly with P.K. Subban, after the latter sent a rocket from the point on the powerplay at him at earlobe vicinity, while he was trying to screen the Sens goalie. The technical crew then played earlier footage of the powerplay squad drawing up the play on the ice during a break, with Erik Cole assigning tasks, and Max skating off with a smirk on his face, as if he knew what was coming. Erik has had issues with P.K.'s shot before, I wonder if it was in the back of his mind as he told Max "You go stand in front of the net, I've done my share this year already." Which bring to mind the question, why are the guys drawing up their plays as if they're playing shinny, instead of their coach? Why is Mr. Cunneyworth having a debate with his third pairing defenceman Chris Campoli during a TV timeout, and why does Mr. Campoli feel empowered to retort and provide his views on the subject? Bill Parcells famously said that 'you are what your record says you are', so never mind about potential and injuries, if you're in last place you're a last place team. In Mr. Cunneyworth's case, he took a mediocre team 2 points out of a playoff spot and turned it into a bad team and drove it to the bottom of the standings. So, even bearing in mind that he was put in a difficult situation, he is what his record indicates. He must be replaced next season. I'll repeat that I want a coach who'll provide strong leadership, and will put an end to the bickering on the bench and between players. My inclination, as stated before, would be to hire Patrick Roy, a strong passionate man with credentials who won't tolerate shenanigans, and who'll make the trains run on time. Tomorrow the Islanders. Go Habs go! No half-measures. Win outright, or lose, but no regulation tie please. Hey sportscaster! (4) Hey Glenn Healy! Stop using the word 'calmness', it's unnecessary to add the suffix 'ness' to 'calm' to turn it into a noun, it's already a noun. Why go adding an extra syllable to a word unnecessarily, broadcasting is about economy and using the 'mot juste'. Besides, it sounds horrible, it's a made up word like 'competency' or 'resiliency', it's a double-speak word that has buzz. It sounds new and exciting, but it really isn't. If you want to say that Carey Price is showing a lot of calm, just say that, exactly like that. And tell all your little buddies who talk about sports for a living to do likewise. Stop using calmness. And resiliency. Wednesday, 14 March 2012 Game 71: Montréal 3, Ottawa 2 (SO) This has been a tough couple of days for this Canadiens fan, as he watches his other favourite team, the San Diego Chargers, being dismantled by salary cap pressures. The shuffling of players in and out with no consideration for the fans' attachment for players they have grown to know and love over the seasons is one of the facets of the league that makes the NFL really tough to love sometimes. The NHL isn't immune to those issues, although it is an order of magnitude removed in severity. A team can hold on to its most important players and create a core, then tweak the roster with peripheral additions over many seasons. The Canadiens used to have unparalleled organizational depth and stability, which slowly eroded during the Irving Grundman years, solidified during the reign of Serge Savard, and then collapsed under the cursed touch of Réjean Houle, our very own version of an anti-Midas. We thought that the Bob Gainey-Guy Carbonneau régime would set the ship on the right course, and the last two seasons' results during the playoffs seemed to indicate smoother sailing ahead. Which brings us to this season. The Canadiens seem almost bipolar, capable of good to great performances, with outstanding athletes leading the way, or of putrid outings where half the roster doesn't seem NHL-worthy. This victory against Ottawa was another illustration of what this team can be capable of. The number one line flies up and down the ice, constantly threatening to score, and never stinting on effort. Josh Gorges and P.K. Subban were a study in complementary tandems, with Mr. Gorges sacrificing his body to block shots and kill penalties, while P.K. is an exhilarating offensive force, who is strong and fast on his skates and protects the puck well, and used a nice wrist shot to set up David Desharnais' deflection on the second goal. Andrei Markov had a more discreet game than his first two, with no gems on offence or clunkers on defence, but with every outing will solidify our confidence that he will reclaim his #1 spot on the defence depth chart, and push everyone else a rung down, closer to where they belong. Carey Price was the solid, confidence-inspiring goalie who will anchor our team for the next decade. The rest of the roster is riddled with question marks. We can choose to believe that this was a one-off, a blip of a season which will be rectified by next season, with one or two shrewd free-agent acquisitions and the return to health of Brian Gionta, Travis Moen and Mathieu Darche. Some of the low-performers on this team will be counted on to round out the roster however, and to plug holes when injuries strike. Hamilton will not necessarily be of more help than it was this season, we will have an influx of young players there who are all at least another season away from being able to contribute. Does Tomas Plekanec return to form next year, with better linemates and a clean slate? Does René Bourque produce the expected streaky 25 goals, along with his good work on penalty killing duty? Do Lars Eller and Louis Leblanc continue their progression and become strong, regular contributors? Does Alexei Emelin continue to develop as a second pairing defenceman who hits like a train and shows some nascent offensive skill? Does either Yannick Weber or Raphaël Diaz or both become effective NHL defencemen after a difficult baptism by fire, if their responsibilities are reduced appropriately? These questions are important in that in following the team so closely this year it is impossible to not become attached to these guys and want the best for them. I want them to develop together, individually and as a team. I don't want a shakeup and a blowup for the sake of change, with a whole slew of new faces, some tarnished by having worn the wrong uniforms. I want at least some of the boys who come to Hamilton next season to be in our organization for their whole career, and to seep into the roster and absorb the culture and pass it on to the next generation. I want a team. I don't want to, as Jerry Seinfeld put it, just cheer the laundry, cheer the uniform and not care who is inside the jersey, who wears it and how they do it. The Chargers on Monday cut Marcus McNeill, a left tackle of immense proportions, talent and promise, because he is suffering from spinal column and spinal cord issues he incurred at least partly while playing for them. It was a heartless, ridiculous move that is completely sensible and rational according to NFL rules. The fact that he has a 'contract' is of no import. He is now a liability, and must be removed from the roster. If possible, he will be re-signed for a lower amount, and even less guarantees on his salary. Somehow that's not wrong. We're not supposed to care that we cheered for this guy for years, that he played at a Pro Bowl level for our team at the risk of his health and maybe even his life. We'll applaud the next guy plugged in his spot. I want the revolving door on the Canadiens to stop. I don't want Carey Price to do his lunging pokecheck on another team. I want David Desharnais to continue to grow as a player in our uniform, not for him to be traded while his value is high. I want Brendan Gallagher and Max Pacioretty and Tomas Plekanec to retire as Canadiens. I know it is, but is it really too much to ask? Monday, 12 March 2012 Game 70: Montréal 2, Buffalo 3 (OT) Another heartbreaker in more ways than one. We tie it up with one second left to push the game into overtime, only to lose, and be saddled with a loss and the regulation tie point, which does nothing to enhance our draft status. We keep losing games but picking up a point, it seems Les Fantômes du Forum aren't aware that we are in a race to the bottom, pitted against the redoubtable Leafs in a Clash of the Inept. Enjoyable game nonetheless. Whereas everything seemed to click in Edmonton and Vancouver, we were back to the same old song, with the first line providing all the offence, but with a different beat with Andrei Markov back. Unfortunately, Andrei seemed even more awkward in this game, so our fears that his magic touch alone will rocket us to ninth place in the standings can be allayed. We need to be logical and understand that he's going through the mother of all training camps, having not played in two seasons and doing so with a knee he needs to learn to trust again. It'll come, and despite some doubts it seems clearer yet that to play him in our remaining brace of games is good strategy. Andrei was caught out of position, flagrantly so, on a couple of occasions, and was on the ice for all three Buffalo goals. There were fewer sparks of magic than on Saturday, but his smarts and hockey sense shone through on the tieing goal in the final seconds of regulation. Just before, the Sabres had barely gotten the puck out of their zone and were about to organize an odd-man rush on to the Canadiens empty-net. It would have been game over as soon as they started skating, except that Andrei correctly read the play, reasoned that there was no point in staying back to defend the empty net, and instead pinched up and rushed the puck carrier, knocking the puck free and enabling the Canadiens to regain possession. Andrei can read the play and can be aggressive, and needs to find the happy medium now that he's not feeling quite as agile on his skates, but this play was pure gold, like the Andrei Markov of old. And then there's Scott Gomez, who again provided us with a demonstration of his ineffectiveness on his first shift of the game. He was standing off the left wing side of the Sabres' net, hoping for a rebound while his linemates attacked the front of the net, when the puck squirted free in his general direction, but corralled by the Buffalo defenceman. He made a move as if he was going to outflank Mr. Gomez along the back boards and then up-ice, a fake on which Mr. Gomez bit and thus started to veer in that direction to cut him off. The Buffalo defender smartly changed direction and went behind his net and got the puck out of the Sabres' zone. All this would be run-of-the-mill, except that this action initially took place when Mr. Gomez was less than a metre from the Buffalo puck carrier. Instead of biting on the fake, or even having to guess which direction he would go, to his corner or the other way around the net, he could have simply put his shoulder into him. Not that he needed to hit the man violently, or that it would have taken much of a hit, his opponent was skating from a full stop, so he could have neutralized him easily by a simple, basic bodycheck, separated him from the puck, and kept the pressure on in the offensive zone. Rather than this, the Canadiens were left scrambling in their own zone, with the Sabres buzzing, and Louis Leblanc was able to showcase himself in that he did exactly the opposite of Mr. Gomez and was effective in doing so. While the puck was being batted around, Patrick Kaleta had an opportunity on Peter Budaj's right side, when a near pop fly came to him. He gloved the puck and tried to read/deke Louis Leblanc to figure where he should deposit the puck and then be in a position to shoot or pass it. Mr. Leblanc didn't bother trying to guess, he didn't give Mr. Kaleta an option, he simply stepped into him and separated him from the puck. This wasn't a very hard hit, he barely had taken a couple of strides toward him, but it was enough to do the job, even if Mr. Kaleta is bigger and stronger. How a an undersized rookie can get this right while a decorated, crafty veteran will boot it all over the infield is incomprehensible. Unless you posit that Mr. Leblanc actually cares and expends effort. Oh, and I will again ask all his detractors to please stand up and explain yet again how David Desharnais is too small to be a #1 centre. Please weave into your exposé supporting evidence from the performance of Tyler Ennis, all 5'9", 160 lbs of him. While most naysayers now grudgingly admit that David has been effective, they'll still trot out the old tropes that he's too slow, he needs to be insulated by the two wingers that he was given as gift without ever earning the right to play with them. I think we need to rearrange our mindset to accommodate the fact that Mr. Desharnais has learned to play in a manner that capitalizes on his diminutive stature. He plays differently than a crashing, bruising Joe Thornton or Bobby Smith. He finds the open areas, darts in and out with quickness that behemoths can't match. He plays with intelligence and vision, since all his career he has not been in a position to overpower adversaries with physical dominance. That makes him hard to defend, as his decisions and positioning are unorthodox, unpredictable. We tend to think that in hockey, bigger is automatically better, but if David were 5'11" and 190 lbs, would he be that much better? Or would he have learned to play the same way as everyone else and not have the singular attributes that make him so effective in his second season? Or would he be incapable of moving around the ice in the manner that he does? Or would he get creamed along the boards routinely, instead of using his low centre of gravity to his advantage, and opposing greater strength with timing, quickness and precision? All I know is that his pass on Erik Cole's goal was another beauty. It didn't look difficult, it wasn't a cross-ice saucer in full flight, but again it was a smart play that froze the goalie, and a pass that went tape-to-tape. On his goal, we saw a sniper pull the trigger after setting up the puck and burying it absolutely top shelf. Ryan Miller had slid across and was blocking most of the bottom of the net with the right pad and his blocker. I can think of a few Canadiens who would have hurried and mashed the puck into Mr. Miller's pad, but David took his time and didn't miss. These plays don't happen accidentally over a whole season, at one point we have to applaud the genius, as I did when I bounded off my couch and jumped for joy. So another loss, another loser point, another lose-lose game. Bring back the tie games, these OT losses are worse than kissing your own sister. Sunday, 11 March 2012 François Gagnon is a good, professional journalist There has been some outcry in the last few months regarding La Presse columnist François Gagnon and his work from Canadiens fans. Some of it is based on his reporting of Mike Cammalleri's thoughts before his subsequent trade to the Flames. Some of it is based on his column regarding the wisdom of trading P.K. Subban. In any case, there is an unfair characterization of this man as a muckraker and cheap shot artist which is completely undeserved, and I would like to address it so that anglophone Canadiens fans who cannot read his columns for themselves get the full story, not just the bleatings of those who jump to opinions and conclusions without all the facts. In the first article, Mike Cammalleri was speaking with Mr. Gagnon and I believe Arpon Basu, after a more 'official' press scrum, and in a moment when he let his guard down and probably speaking out of frustration, he stated that the team was practicing and playing with a loser mentality. He added that game planning and watching game films was all well and good, but that at some point the team had to be allowed to play, and not be trained to fear making a mistake. He compared the present mentality to that which the team had on their playoff run in 2010. He stated that he could go on, but that he would refrain from doing so and advised his interlocutors to read between the lines. He then complained about his icetime, stating that he was used to playing more when asked about his decreased performance and production this season. When pressed about a particular play during the game against the Blues on January 10 on which he left Jason Arnott uncovered and was widely blamed for a goal against, Mr. Cammalleri accepted responsibility initially, but then quickly deflected it by stating that he had only had five appearances until that point in the middle of the second, and he normally would have been more involved and had made "fifteen" big plays by then. It was easy to interpret this as a clear shot at his new coach Randy Cunneyworth. General Manager Pierre Gauthier, who has lately been accused of using Mr. Cunneyworth as a 'sacrificial lamb', in that instance moved quickly to quell this nascent mutiny, and to send a clear message to the team that dissension and airings of grievances in the media would not be tolerated, and sent Mr. Cammalleri to Calgary. Once there, Mike explained that his thoughts were supposed to be semi-'off the record', that Mr. Gagnon (who he didn't name), had inflated his words and sensationalized the story. He seemed clearly happy and relieved to be out of Montréal. It's interesting that initially Mr. Basu chose not to publish the Cammalleri cri de coeur, while Mr. Gagnon did. Mr. Basu may have decided that this was indeed a private conversation, while Mr. Gagnon didn't. It's important to note that Mr. Gagnon is an experienced veteran of sports journalism, whereas Mr. Basu is just embarking on his new career. In any case, I often resent the fact that reporters get all this access to teams and their players, but then don't use that access, not for our benefit anyway. We often hear the real dirt on a player once he gets traded away. Canadiens fans made Jessica Rusnak a hero for her daring to ask Jacques Martin why he refused to play Erik Cole more often on the powerplay, which all fans would shout at their TV screen, but which none of the established media would murmur at press gatherings with the head coach. So Mr. Gagnon, in the final analysis, did his job by reporting the divisive statements of a player who was by his conduct campaigning for a ticket out of town. He didn't muckrake, he didn't exaggerate, he told us what was going on, for which we should all be thankful. His article on a potential P.K. Subban trade is even more controversial, and even more misunderstood and misreported. The headline used was: "Trading Subban? Why Not?" His column started by stating that with the Canadiens sliding in the standings, the trade deadline looming and the need for a rebuild evident, there weren't any 'untouchables' in the dressing room, given that even Wayne Gretzky was traded. He then immediately cautions that trading doesn't mean 'giving', and that with the sorry record of the Canadiens recently with trades, that it isn't surprising that this subject is controversial and provokes an emotional reaction from fans. He then lists examples of players who left in ultimately bad trades such as Mike Ribeiro and José Théodore. To acquire players such as Ryan Getzlaf, Eric Staal or Anze Kopitar, who were the object of many fans' affection in late January, he explains that offering Travis Moen wouldn't suffice. There are two impact players on the Habs, Carey Price and P.K. Subban, and because we are devoid of depth at goalie, we can't trade Carey, unless a crazy-good offer comes our way. So logically, to acquire such quality players, Mr. Subban would have to be traded. Mr. Gagnon takes care to explain that P.K. is the Habs' best defenceman and while he may not yet be at the level of a Tyler Myers, Drew Doughty or Erik Karlsson, he is destined to a great career, despite his troubles in his second full season. He explains that the presence of Jared Tinordi and Nathan Beaulieu in the organization make him more easily replaceable, although neither is projected to be as good a defenceman as P.K. will become. So he concludes that to acquire a big centre that we have been pining for, it would be dumb to refuse to consider trading P.K. He takes care to stress that possibility doesn't mean necessity, and again that trading doesn't mean giving. He finishes with the example of the Blues, who traded big pieces in Erik Johnson, Jay McClement and a first-rounder, but received Kevin Shattenkirk, Chris Stewart and a second-rounder in return. So this is nothing incendiary, nothing provocative, just a columnist punting around an idea that is circulating throughout the Canadiens' fandom as they regress in the standings. He is not advocating that Mr. Subban be run out of town on a rail, as a call-in show host might, but simply explaining to fans that to get a #1 centre you'll need to trade a #1 defenceman, not a bag of spare parts. It is noteworthy that Mr. Gagnon is no longer a reporter but now a columnist for La Presse, one who covers the Canadiens and hockey in general. As such, he is required to provide opinion and context, as opposed to just the 5 W's. This is just what he did with the two previous pieces. Mr. Gagnon is a pro who covered the Senators and now the Canadiens for decades now. It is also important to nip in the bud the frequent mentions of the 'French media' as being a problem for the Canadiens. This is becoming a meme that isn't challenged, a reflexive scapegoat that's held up as an unalloyed evil. Let's be careful with this generalization. When imbeciles such as Mike Milbury or Don Cherry or Eklund babble illogically, we don't condemn the 'English media' as a whole in a kneejerk fashion, we understand that they're outliers and for everyone of them there are two Elliott Friedmans and Pierre Lebruns and Dave Stubbs. Andrei Markov is working through the scar tissue. Regarding Andrei Markov, some posters, and some broadcasters last night, remarked that he looked awkward at times, far different than the smooth skater we've come to know. I will take for granted that there are no issues in terms of pain, swelling, looseness in the knee, or else the docs wouldn't have let him jump on the ice. One issue Andrei will work through is a lot of scar tissue in the knee, which is collagen inside the joint kind of binding some pieces that should move smoothly. A lot of this is worked out during rehab, but there's always some left before you return to full duties and he will break up this scar tissue by playing. The stops and starts and sudden stresses on the knee that you can't replicate in training will take care of that. Another reason, which I think is even more important, is that Andrei has been 'guarding' his knee for essentially two years now. He has been careful to not put too much strain or weight on it, has been limping to protect it, would gasp and fall off it if he made a weird move that would give him sharp pain. All these habits and reflexes have been ingrained in him for so long that it will take time for him to learn to trust his knee, to not be afraid to push it, and to have these reflexes and habits diminish and disappear. Until then, we can expect Andrei to try a quick pivot, feel a twinge in his knee, which is normal as scar tissue is being broken up and the joint being stretched in a manner it hasn't been in a long while, and have him stop skating or fall to the ice in anticipation of pain or further damage. Josh Gorges very early in the season had a collision where he fell in the corner with his reconstructed leg underneath him, and he winced and cringed in anticipation, as did we before our plasma screens, but after skating off to the bench, gingerly testing his knee, he realized that he was okay, and we haven't seen him guarding his knee since. Not hoping for such an awkward fall for Andrei, but an accumulation of moments like these which will reassure him that his knee is fine, and convalescence is behind him. Game 69: Montréal 4, Vancouver 1 What a game! Grigoren-who? Yakupov, shmakupov. I want more wins like these, where we outskate and outhit and outgoaltend the opposition, they're addictive. The Canadiens weathered the storm in the first period, due to the solid work of Carey Price. He's had some bumps in the road lately and has been accused of not playing inspired or even focused hockey, but the feeling here is that his mental preparation and readiness at worst mirrors that of the team. In any case, he sent out the message in the first that he was ready, and it may have strengthened the resolve of his teammates and made them believe they were in this game and could pull it off. Brad Staubitz is slowly starting to win me over. I understand that Pierre Gauthier added him to the roster due to the injuries to Mathieu Darche and Travis Moen, and also to react to present circumstances in the NHL, where the Milburites are seemingly ruling the roost, having ousted the Bossyans from any position of power they may still have held. Mr. Staubitz has been restrained in his actions, playing hard and throwing bodychecks but not being called for cheap penalties and dumb plays. He has given a good account of himself when he has dropped the gloves, as shown again tonight against the taller, bigger Zack Kassian. I haven't noticed this before, but in this tilt Mr. Staubitz fought as a lefthander, which may have surprised Mr. Kassian. His hard bodycheck against Alex Edler in the third forced the latter to flip the puck into the stands and take a delay of game penalty, which led to P.K.'s goal on the two-man advantage. Another point in his favour, and this one may seem farfetched, but I liked how he skated hard after a loose puck in the first period, one which could have yielded a scoring chance, but in which race he was beaten by Roberto Luongo. It is crazy that we're reduced to noticing this, but it was good to see that he veered away from contact with the goalie, as opposed to the mendacious Milan Lucic who "could only brace for impact" when confronted with a similar situation against Ryan Miller. If Mr. Staubitz can continue playing hard and clean and smart like he does presently, I'll be happy to have him on this team. My friend Eric joined me shortly after the scrap, and as we drank beers and chin-wagged, we weren't as concentrated on the game as we could have been. He did make it in plenty of time to see Ryan Kesler score for the Canucks, at which juncture we both bellowed at the screen: "Kesler, you're adequately compensated!" This is a tradition which started during the 2006-07 season when we were roommates. Bobby Clarke had just signed Ryan to a $1.9 million offer sheet with the Flyers, and the Canucks petulantly had to match it while NHL GM's howled at Mr. Clarke's perfidy. It was comedic how the Flyers GM gave as good as he got, exclaiming that if he wasn't supposed to make use of the offer sheet provisions, maybe the NHL should take it out of the CBA. In any case, a young Ryan Kesler, still learning the NHL game, was overvalued thought most commenters and analysts, and Eric and I would proclaim: "Kesler, you're overpaid!" whenever he struggled. A couple years later, as his play improved to the point that he was outplaying his contract, we would decry: "Kesler, you're underpaid!" Which brings us to the point we're at today, where we find it necessary to point out the equilibrium between his performance and his remuneration, to quizzical looks from onlookers who aren't in the know. The Blake Geoffrion goal on a Louis Leblanc was a nice moment, it's great to see our young AHL callups produce, but it got Eric grumbling about Roberto Luongo's performance, although not as much as the first Erik Cole goal. I tried to sell it as a sniper's goal, on a backhand, which every goalie will tell you is the hardest shot to stop, but he wasn't buying. We did discuss the possibility of pulling Roberto for Corey Schneider, but I talked him out of it, told him it sent the wrong message to his teammates. We got a little sidetracked about how the Canucks should have handled things at the trade deadline, since I think keeping Mr. Schneider indicates that management doesn't trust their $64 million man. I thought they should have flipped their backup goalie to the Lightning for pieces to help on their Cup run, as the Canucks should load up to win this year, their future is now. He countered that they should have traded Roberto for Vincent Lecavalier, swapping crazy contracts with each other, and I found that notion intriguing. With Henrik Sedin, Ryan Kesler and Vincent Lecavalier, the Canucks would have been super deep at centre, and much stronger for the playoffs. Unfortunately, the NHL isn't run by lively minds such as ours, and there were two pesky No Trade Clauses that might have caused a problem. So we let the matter rest. In time for me to celebrate P.K. Subban's sweet goal on the 5 on 3 powerplay. The Canadiens controlled the puck, looked as if they knew what to do with the puck, Andrei Markov looked like The General of old, and P.K. didn't hit the rafters with his windup, he just took a good hard shot that actually hit the net. I took the time to sing 'The Ballad of Andrei Markov', as Eric, like so many other hockey 'fans', doesn't really know him. I find that Andrei flies under the radar outside of Montreal, I've won countless hockey pools by grabbing him way later than he should have lasted, and then giggled as he piled up the points. It's surprising that in a media-saturated market like Montreal, our players don't get the attention that guys like Dion Phaneuf and James Reimer and Matt Stajan and Darcy Tucker and Tie Domi get. By the time Erik Cole made it 4-1, Eric was offering to trade me Roberto Luongo for Carey Price straight up. I rejected that crazy offer. Years and years ago, I was proposing this same deal to him, a swap of hometown goalies, but back then Carey was going through growing pains, and Roberto seemed rock-solid and to just be itching for a chance at the post-season. As Carey progressed and Roberto amassed critics, my offer changed, and I would request draft picks and players to make the deal. Nowadays, I feel very comfortable with Carey and without Roberto, so Eric's feeble entreaties are brusquely rebuffed. So bring on the Sabres. We're not going to the playoffs, let's ruin their chances as well. Friday, 9 March 2012 Would the Canadiens be better off with Chris Higgins and Ron Hainsey? We sometimes use a microscope to focus in on the minutiae of our organization's errors, and fail to understand that every other team has made the same mistakes repeatedly. Living in the Vancouver area, I can observe the average deluded Canucks fan dispassionately, as Jane Goodall observed her tribe of chimps. I can report that they have the same tales of woe of players who the team gave up on and who then blossomed elsewhere, but they also benefited greatly when they were the happy recipients of young players about to blossom into stars. The Cam Neely-Barry Pederson trade is the classic example of a team trading away a young homegrown talent in return for a current star on the downslope of his career. Mr. Neely had been drafted by the Canucks in 1983 and showed promise, but not quickly enough for the team. They wanted a scoring 1st line center to compete with the Oiler's Wayne Gretzky, the Jets' Dale Hawerchuk among others, and thought they couldn't compete without that building block (sound familiar?). They set their sights on Barry Pederson, a Boston Bruins center and prolific scorer, as well as a Canadiens killer. Mr. Pederson was a B.C. product and had had a couple of rough seasons after a shoulder surgery to remove a tumor from his shoulder had diminished his production. The Canucks thought they'd trade for him when his value was low, and swapped Burnaby-born Cam Neely for him. Of course, the Canucks being the inept organization that they were, were convinced to sweeten the deal for the injured and unproductive Pederson by chipping in a first-round draft pick, who turned out to be Glen Wesley. Most of you know how this story turned out. Barry Pederson, as productive as he was for a time in Boston, never regained his magic touch in Vancouver. Meanwhile, Cam Neely had a Hall of Fame career and terrorized Montreal fans to an even greater degree than Mr. Pederson. Glen Wesley developed into a mere All-Star, he was obviously a 'throw-in' in this deal. To this day, mentioning Cam Neely to a Canucks fan elicits howls of frustration. What they don't go on and on about is the Markus Naslund for Alex Stojanov heist they pulled off with Pittsburgh. The Canucks drafted Mr. Stojanov 7th overall in 1991, and hoped he would develop into an even bigger meaner Cam Neely. His claim to fame was his fights with Eric Lindros in the OHL, and a nice scoring touch to go with that. After a couple of seasons in the minors and a shoulder surgery however, they realized that he probably would never develop as expected, and shipped him off to the Pittsburgh Penguins in return for Markus Naslund, who had been drafted 16th overall in '91 as well. Mr. Naslund had oodles of talent, but a fractious relationship with the Penguins as related to his contract negotiations and ice time. The Penguins lost patience and decided to re-trucculate™ by swapping him for Mr. Stojanov. The rest is well-known. You never heard from Mr. Stojanov again, but Markus Naslund would go on to be the team captain, set the franchise scoring record, have his jersey retired, and to be considered as maybe the greatest Canuck. Somehow, when Markus Naslund comes up, Vancouver fans don't focus on how they fleeced the Pittsburgh fans, they just talk about how great he was and how dominant his line with Brendan Morrison and Todd Bertuzzi was. So when we worry about dealing away the Kostistyn brothers or Matt D'Agostini, let's keep a sense of proportion. Sure it would have been nice to receive fair value for Mike Ribeiro, but deep down we are probably all glad he's gone. It would be great if the salary cap hadn't forced the departures of Sheldon Souray and Marc Streit and James Wisniewski, but that's the world we live in. The Sharks' fans are probably looking at highlights of Max Pacioretty's 30th goal and rueing the Craig Rivet for Josh Gorges and a first-rounder deal. Win some, lose some. Yin yang. Thursday, 8 March 2012 Game 68: Montréal 5, Edmonton 3 A game in front of a partial home-crowd led to a Pyrrhic victory for the Canadiens, one that does wonders for the confidence and self-pride of Les Glorieux, but greatly diminishes the odds we'll drop beyond the Oilers to Columbusian depths in the standings, which we might rue in June. This was kind of like blowing the mortgage payment on a pretty good house party, fun while it lasted, but now what? Confronted with an Oiler team that has lots of promising offensive talent, the Canadiens threw a training camp split squad on the ice. The NHL'ers played well, with P.K. Subban playing an almost flawless game, save for a penalty that can be forgiven, since it was a roughing penalty instead of one of his more brainless infractions. Max Pacioretty potted two goals, one an empty-netter to reach 30 for the season. Tomas Plekanec played with the energy of old. Our AHL players didn't dazzle, but they played hard, with heart. Blake Geoffrion had a couple opportunities to score. Scott Gomez skated hard and was productive with the puck on occasion, earning an assist. Aaron Palushaj seemed dangerous, surely giving Oiler coach Tom Renney a few cold sweats, but flubbed eight or nine shots on a perennially open net. He has now played 28 games for the Canadiens, earning a grand total of one assist. I sometimes wonder if he's destined to be one of those guys you find on, with 40 or 50 games played, no goals and twenty penalty minutes in their NHL career, followed by five seasons playing for the Orlando Solar Bears and HC Fribourg-Gottéron. A thought that occurred to me while watching was that we should put in a call to Brian Burke as soon as the season is over and swap him Tomas Kaberle for Mike Komisarek, relieving each team of a headache in return for a pain somewhere else. I know Mike has fallen a few levels since leaving Montréal, but he can't possibly do worse than Mr. Kaberle. I don't care that he gets occasional points on the powerplay, Tomas Kaberle is the worst player on the team night in night out, and the one who cares the least. The Linus Omark goal provides us with a case study. In the official scoresheet, it is deemed an unassisted goal, but it should really show Mr. Kaberle as having assisted on it, if not gift-wrapping it and putting a nice festive bow on it. He had control of the puck deep in his own zone, and made a poorly thought-out and weak backhand pass to no one in the high slot. No one in white that is, the puck cruised through the zone and may have crossed the blue line in another 15 seconds or so, but Mr. Omark swooped in and wristed it in the net, a nice bank shot off Alexei Emelin's pants. En français, a blind pass or one that ends up going nowhere is often referred to as "une passe à l'aveuglette". The word comes from the root word 'aveugle', which means 'blind', and is used whenever a player dishes off the puck with a poorly conceived pass, which usually ends up being a giveaway or icing. Wags will often say "Le maudit L'Aveuglette, y pogne jamais le puck"; they have conjured up a hapless player named L'Aveuglette who never receives the passes intended for him. I firmly believe that Tomas Kaberle thinks he is playing with L'Aveuglette and would swear on all that is holy that he can see him when he's out there on the ice, much like Haley Joel Osment could see dead people. There is no other explanation for that poor a pass. Had he had a live hand grenade about to go off on the end of his stick, he would have propelled it to the same exact location to try to save his teammates' lives. In that area of the ice, no Canadien would have been harmed. They would all have been equidistantly safe. When the Tomas Kaberle trade was announced, I may have posted a harangue that decried the move, but after that I vowed to myself that I would not harp on this subject. I was convinced that Tomas' own ineptitude would serve as my megaphone. Unfortunately, it is so staggering that it also serves as the trigger to set off all the alarms and all the fears about where this organization is headed. René Bourque has been attracting negative attention lately, but I'm comfortable with his play. He is what we expected. He's big, can play physical, is serviceable as a third-liner who can move up to the second on occasion. He plays well on the penalty kill, and can also play on the powerplay. We knew him to be streaky and that his style makes him seem disaffected sometimes. We can expect around 25 goals from him. And that's exactly what we are getting from him. Next year we'll be looking for enough legitimate NHL players to fill out a roster. Mr. Bourque is not one of our worries. He'll fill his role and a hole in our lineup, we don't need to get on his case because he's not Clarke Gillies. Or Erik Cole. He is René Bourque, and on balance I'm happy to have him on the team. Of note also was the performance of special teams. We've been fretting that the Good Guys have given up on the season and on the coach, but as has been mentioned by others on HIO, the results obtained by the penalty killing units shows that they still have some fight left. Their success depends on effort, hard work, sacrifice and determination. Even with the loss of Hal Gill, which I thought might drastically reduce the PK's effectiveness, they haven't skipped a beat. Against the best powerplay in the league tonight, they allowed one goal out of four. Not great in terms of the percentage, since Edmonton has been clicking on a 25% pace this season, but they often bottled up the Oilers and didn't allow them to establish themselves in the zone and get comfortable. The bonus was that the Canadiens' powerplay was 2/4, and featured a reinvigorated Tomas Plekanec and René Bourque, who seemed dangerous on the second wave after a long stretch of games where nothing seemed to work. Our powerplay strategy had degenerated to sending out the Desharnais line on the first wave, then hoping for a flukey bounce from the ragtag collection we sent out on the second. Thus heartened, we move on to Vancouver for a big big game on Saturday. Hopefully Mr. Desharnais' leg twinge can be alleviated with a couple days of physiotherapy, we'll need all hands on deck to bring down the mighty mighty Canucks.
[ 19844, 11, 3261, 2805, 2321, 198, 198, 8777, 9225, 25, 5575, 29350, 282, 362, 11, 2669, 513, 357, 15821, 8, 198, 198, 43783, 338, 983, 1297, 514, 517, 546, 262, 2669, 40707, 621, 262, 5575, 29350, 282, 33664, 13, 1119, 547, 2712, 257, 10032, 1074, 11, 326, 550, 2826, 262, 2180, 1755, 319, 262, 2975, 290, 788, 14113, 284, 360, 13, 34, 1539, 290, 11687, 284, 257, 362, 12, 15, 1085, 11, 475, 788, 3521, 470, 1234, 606, 1497, 13, 1119, 547, 6476, 262, 7002, 805, 44113, 5613, 10370, 1228, 11, 290, 815, 423, 10764, 319, 262, 33664, 7393, 11, 475, 3521, 470, 1969, 262, 1730, 287, 9001, 13, 1318, 338, 645, 4419, 1760, 284, 511, 13119, 8395, 11, 475, 340, 1139, 257, 1256, 546, 511, 14052, 290, 6227, 290, 20527, 290, 13119, 30618, 13, 198, 198, 464, 20084, 1627, 468, 32162, 572, 6454, 287, 2274, 1830, 11, 290, 262, 7372, 805, 550, 257, 3595, 983, 3688, 284, 465, 6678, 5423, 13, 6674, 339, 318, 1972, 10032, 11, 393, 262, 14052, 318, 1327, 284, 1282, 416, 428, 2739, 287, 262, 1622, 11, 475, 339, 373, 4497, 329, 257, 1178, 14608, 82, 290, 5201, 465, 6180, 532, 16, 13, 1550, 262, 5859, 1735, 11, 339, 1422, 470, 1283, 284, 3904, 11, 290, 465, 29592, 284, 2686, 287, 7075, 286, 6427, 284, 465, 13107, 743, 307, 257, 42959, 379, 428, 966, 13, 383, 7691, 743, 423, 262, 1492, 319, 683, 783, 11, 290, 3002, 262, 6427, 15296, 290, 16498, 683, 284, 2686, 11, 588, 484, 466, 284, 42884, 509, 27359, 293, 13, 679, 1183, 761, 284, 670, 319, 465, 2823, 290, 530, 12, 16514, 364, 428, 3931, 284, 2209, 428, 2071, 13, 198, 198, 47, 13, 42, 13, 3834, 3820, 318, 3443, 8680, 284, 502, 13, 314, 1053, 1690, 1965, 683, 284, 2245, 17965, 319, 262, 1263, 2344, 929, 23905, 9442, 11541, 11, 290, 284, 8390, 340, 788, 390, 365, 262, 2823, 38731, 290, 467, 1088, 683, 329, 262, 15980, 2823, 13, 775, 2497, 683, 779, 616, 18543, 9975, 284, 1049, 1245, 611, 645, 24607, 1255, 13, 1002, 339, 4477, 284, 466, 523, 11, 339, 481, 307, 517, 4050, 11, 290, 465, 23905, 9442, 481, 307, 517, 4050, 355, 880, 11, 611, 340, 1683, 7127, 262, 2010, 11, 1201, 262, 16355, 1839, 470, 307, 1498, 284, 900, 510, 329, 340, 523, 3538, 13, 198, 198, 22210, 550, 587, 809, 18792, 502, 546, 8114, 44919, 549, 4224, 11, 290, 783, 314, 760, 644, 340, 318, 13, 679, 338, 257, 2636, 374, 3889, 329, 428, 3516, 764, 198, 198, 10248, 1755, 11, 356, 2298, 510, 262, 9001, 9839, 966, 11, 475, 674, 4538, 33864, 13861, 8919, 290, 6586, 43974, 992, 511, 835, 284, 257, 1592, 11, 523, 407, 1165, 881, 2465, 1760, 13, 198, 198, 464, 3572, 286, 262, 33664, 6, 1306, 3611, 9142, 198, 198, 1722, 262, 33664, 264, 2135, 832, 257, 890, 1351, 286, 2785, 5871, 329, 511, 3611, 9142, 39836, 11, 612, 389, 257, 1178, 13404, 286, 1807, 326, 460, 307, 1775, 287, 262, 3296, 13, 198, 198, 3198, 318, 262, 28585, 11, 24133, 425, 19190, 326, 484, 815, 11078, 705, 1169, 1266, 582, 1695, 7692, 286, 3303, 3256, 287, 262, 1986, 286, 777, 5871, 6, 11004, 40560, 16345, 20954, 290, 2180, 16970, 13, 775, 1064, 287, 262, 749, 1884, 5871, 326, 734, 423, 3402, 262, 9028, 2694, 284, 7330, 257, 1099, 4922, 13, 317, 1178, 389, 3058, 15286, 3611, 1869, 10321, 329, 584, 3466, 13, 317, 3155, 423, 16584, 3725, 286, 262, 29128, 50062, 1397, 12729, 832, 511, 9176, 355, 9481, 4537, 12353, 393, 355, 257, 2137, 5797, 13, 1439, 286, 606, 423, 3402, 7401, 290, 22445, 416, 41988, 262, 304, 29232, 684, 286, 511, 7573, 11, 290, 379, 1551, 617, 286, 262, 2672, 24751, 290, 12796, 3306, 284, 6758, 355, 257, 6951, 13, 198, 198, 4366, 4919, 777, 5871, 836, 470, 15959, 262, 2352, 349, 315, 1023, 11, 508, 991, 1254, 326, 262, 1074, 318, 8891, 21255, 2346, 351, 281, 14977, 290, 18046, 3303, 9079, 11, 290, 326, 612, 389, 617, 4084, 1365, 5871, 503, 612, 508, 481, 307, 4423, 503, 286, 262, 1429, 780, 484, 389, 555, 34900, 13, 1649, 12070, 284, 4439, 777, 44194, 3409, 12868, 3320, 290, 3941, 4022, 46703, 2626, 287, 262, 22775, 11, 257, 1178, 3891, 389, 4438, 11, 475, 4844, 326, 1283, 4084, 517, 12733, 286, 281, 2720, 621, 597, 286, 262, 3891, 4000, 1513, 546, 11, 3613, 329, 3863, 5395, 399, 359, 13, 198, 198, 3103, 21243, 11, 428, 17710, 25684, 355, 24513, 393, 28063, 262, 5871, 6, 3725, 286, 262, 1074, 338, 2106, 290, 1957, 1910, 290, 262, 2694, 284, 10996, 351, 663, 3296, 13, 198, 198, 6610, 4156, 29789, 318, 703, 262, 16517, 1429, 318, 5952, 11, 2035, 4143, 393, 287, 262, 12217, 995, 13, 19672, 11, 257, 3094, 2010, 318, 3350, 284, 2423, 355, 867, 40560, 16345, 20954, 290, 13446, 355, 867, 5871, 355, 1744, 13, 9561, 2972, 34283, 393, 31747, 749, 389, 15254, 1566, 257, 1790, 1351, 318, 7428, 510, 11, 290, 777, 5871, 651, 12299, 284, 13446, 511, 4678, 11, 2614, 7883, 290, 2785, 4197, 1626, 262, 4009, 13, 383, 39877, 393, 2720, 6103, 788, 743, 2922, 257, 4540, 11, 393, 3863, 2922, 257, 3155, 286, 43736, 329, 1194, 2835, 286, 9299, 611, 484, 389, 1775, 355, 852, 705, 27235, 290, 7393, 3256, 284, 1249, 329, 1194, 3663, 284, 28754, 606, 13, 198, 198, 818, 262, 886, 262, 1048, 326, 318, 9657, 318, 3360, 4084, 262, 1266, 4540, 290, 1266, 4197, 11, 475, 749, 1690, 612, 389, 257, 1178, 5871, 508, 561, 307, 11080, 290, 262, 2551, 318, 257, 8492, 869, 13, 632, 338, 407, 355, 611, 530, 4540, 8198, 281, 9919, 290, 2506, 2073, 318, 287, 262, 3126, 338, 290, 4317, 338, 11, 340, 338, 1239, 326, 9432, 393, 1598, 2005, 13, 921, 886, 510, 1719, 530, 4540, 508, 14947, 274, 351, 607, 2568, 290, 17131, 290, 2656, 4213, 11, 290, 1194, 508, 2523, 1049, 1998, 290, 8492, 290, 281, 8036, 2610, 1700, 11, 290, 423, 284, 3853, 1022, 262, 734, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 262, 3572, 373, 523, 3489, 11, 611, 9299, 547, 9432, 290, 4253, 12409, 290, 407, 1280, 284, 10690, 290, 4049, 11, 612, 3636, 470, 307, 597, 6735, 874, 13, 4380, 561, 307, 9657, 656, 3946, 290, 1620, 880, 287, 326, 2597, 1566, 13722, 393, 18774, 7382, 2073, 13, 770, 318, 6189, 407, 262, 1339, 13, 15518, 37051, 389, 285, 786, 2100, 6605, 393, 886, 510, 739, 37440, 477, 262, 640, 13, 383, 1266, 345, 460, 466, 318, 1064, 257, 1448, 286, 5871, 508, 4197, 262, 7034, 290, 1826, 477, 262, 4096, 5359, 290, 749, 286, 262, 9871, 5359, 11, 290, 788, 466, 534, 1266, 290, 2911, 345, 1282, 510, 351, 262, 826, 3572, 13, 198, 198, 3198, 286, 262, 517, 2219, 8563, 11, 2158, 11, 318, 284, 407, 1592, 2197, 866, 534, 1351, 290, 2720, 2506, 13, 554, 777, 7445, 345, 886, 510, 351, 257, 1256, 286, 5871, 326, 13516, 656, 257, 29406, 76, 1077, 287, 262, 2720, 6103, 338, 2000, 13, 5845, 326, 547, 12299, 2961, 287, 262, 1429, 4327, 284, 22100, 422, 4088, 13, 383, 845, 717, 5871, 290, 262, 3392, 508, 1138, 262, 6103, 517, 2904, 4327, 284, 1302, 503, 287, 262, 6103, 338, 2000, 11, 379, 262, 10907, 286, 12733, 475, 39411, 5871, 7530, 287, 262, 890, 14262, 3504, 286, 262, 2353, 13, 198, 198, 40, 3505, 1016, 625, 4540, 6356, 5050, 287, 257, 6403, 7593, 15119, 1781, 11, 290, 4673, 326, 4844, 286, 606, 389, 9192, 13288, 13, 25044, 11, 262, 530, 543, 10960, 364, 393, 12353, 4327, 284, 11596, 262, 749, 11, 262, 2720, 11, 318, 530, 286, 262, 1551, 7187, 6356, 5050, 1912, 319, 262, 21545, 2494, 286, 11078, 274, 11, 1865, 318, 262, 530, 326, 318, 749, 17498, 319, 290, 318, 262, 530, 326, 12353, 21192, 416, 13, 10422, 9555, 326, 257, 1429, 543, 17498, 11541, 319, 40560, 16345, 2634, 2423, 290, 4469, 290, 4941, 8794, 373, 257, 517, 4050, 835, 284, 1064, 262, 826, 4540, 621, 530, 543, 3017, 281, 2720, 1429, 13, 7831, 11, 340, 318, 2048, 5340, 284, 11508, 281, 9749, 284, 11078, 257, 4540, 1231, 3249, 606, 717, 287, 281, 2720, 13, 198, 198, 33092, 11, 262, 749, 4050, 835, 284, 2922, 257, 4540, 318, 262, 12653, 1693, 12714, 11, 810, 257, 4540, 393, 1448, 286, 5871, 389, 1234, 287, 262, 15383, 290, 1620, 262, 10741, 2672, 286, 606, 11, 393, 355, 1474, 355, 318, 1744, 11, 290, 389, 16726, 4145, 13, 383, 12653, 1693, 12714, 9835, 17021, 284, 307, 262, 1266, 6356, 2446, 11, 287, 326, 262, 4540, 460, 13446, 1771, 262, 1693, 290, 15383, 318, 262, 826, 2858, 329, 5223, 11, 262, 2785, 38945, 460, 2897, 7538, 284, 262, 10960, 364, 11, 290, 262, 10960, 364, 460, 766, 703, 262, 5871, 1620, 13, 13672, 1146, 11, 428, 6356, 2446, 318, 1327, 284, 779, 287, 749, 6460, 11, 355, 612, 389, 2761, 351, 5086, 5871, 284, 466, 705, 5305, 670, 4458, 554, 617, 7032, 2158, 11, 884, 355, 21922, 393, 262, 2046, 2139, 393, 262, 2422, 11, 20603, 316, 4056, 290, 6594, 12, 24176, 4056, 4691, 428, 2163, 290, 905, 1049, 2482, 13, 198, 198, 818, 674, 1339, 11, 5871, 884, 355, 13067, 4312, 469, 7114, 11, 40559, 42879, 13485, 290, 5979, 2013, 1709, 786, 2127, 271, 389, 1541, 319, 511, 12653, 1693, 41418, 11, 287, 326, 484, 389, 9489, 287, 281, 15286, 6951, 2597, 290, 460, 307, 16726, 319, 703, 484, 389, 9489, 287, 355, 1474, 257, 2292, 355, 356, 460, 1282, 510, 351, 13, 40419, 19525, 84, 35979, 1682, 6157, 287, 262, 6951, 2597, 290, 468, 257, 2610, 1700, 13, 1439, 326, 561, 3520, 287, 511, 1339, 561, 307, 284, 13446, 511, 4197, 1626, 262, 4009, 13, 198, 198, 13828, 6774, 514, 284, 1194, 4512, 286, 1807, 326, 318, 42695, 11, 543, 318, 326, 7599, 21204, 33902, 557, 318, 530, 286, 262, 5871, 508, 14071, 2726, 9110, 329, 262, 2292, 13, 2893, 1770, 13, 33902, 557, 318, 281, 26758, 26661, 290, 257, 4300, 540, 1981, 11, 339, 6157, 845, 13455, 287, 281, 15286, 6951, 2292, 351, 262, 37118, 854, 282, 364, 11, 290, 468, 587, 503, 286, 262, 4542, 9803, 329, 517, 621, 257, 5707, 13, 1002, 465, 40560, 16345, 2634, 318, 11765, 1028, 617, 286, 262, 584, 5871, 326, 389, 4097, 798, 546, 11, 465, 6584, 470, 772, 787, 340, 319, 262, 1790, 1351, 14540, 13, 198, 198, 20610, 11, 1542, 2805, 2321, 198, 198, 5122, 6510, 287, 11582, 287, 2321, 12, 1485, 198, 198, 15784, 2651, 284, 1306, 1622, 11, 644, 466, 356, 466, 351, 262, 36847, 286, 649, 7401, 319, 262, 11582, 34969, 30, 775, 423, 26134, 38580, 11, 9925, 16070, 290, 38844, 26689, 75, 347, 1798, 2473, 422, 13430, 11, 290, 3863, 6542, 2264, 603, 263, 290, 15105, 14912, 78, 422, 4152, 379, 2651, 13, 1550, 9366, 11, 356, 423, 8547, 350, 729, 88, 2406, 287, 422, 7055, 11, 290, 19116, 22894, 585, 72, 11, 18106, 1355, 2518, 22304, 11, 10805, 21299, 290, 3863, 26203, 16292, 89, 422, 262, 5870, 43, 13, 2141, 356, 2666, 777, 3988, 287, 262, 35297, 1306, 1622, 11, 1282, 5968, 393, 1029, 1660, 11, 393, 466, 356, 3197, 2402, 606, 355, 2622, 11, 543, 356, 389, 1728, 284, 30, 628, 628, 628, 198, 8777, 8699, 25, 5575, 29350, 282, 352, 11, 968, 1971, 13804, 604, 198, 198, 18465, 284, 989, 422, 428, 983, 11, 287, 326, 340, 1816, 355, 2938, 13, 383, 33664, 1422, 470, 625, 620, 12311, 11, 588, 484, 750, 257, 1178, 1661, 428, 1622, 618, 484, 8278, 284, 262, 6695, 393, 262, 5471, 11, 393, 588, 618, 484, 11, 517, 6777, 11, 8104, 281, 5935, 13, 770, 373, 257, 3561, 346, 3320, 2041, 11, 340, 373, 655, 826, 13, 1081, 2938, 11, 262, 33664, 734, 2651, 3951, 547, 407, 1498, 284, 3753, 262, 13804, 6, 1440, 3951, 13, 383, 13804, 6, 9366, 11, 2957, 416, 3899, 4216, 1168, 17631, 290, 48677, 416, 262, 705, 9742, 3987, 10471, 9628, 3256, 3538, 503, 4871, 276, 262, 33664, 4458, 198, 198, 2396, 262, 33664, 547, 625, 31409, 1028, 262, 717, 1295, 1074, 11, 475, 484, 1422, 470, 1577, 510, 11, 484, 1422, 470, 6486, 866, 13, 1119, 37328, 3626, 11, 475, 340, 373, 36250, 14394, 4437, 428, 2739, 287, 428, 5916, 83, 11608, 1622, 13, 4377, 20110, 11, 597, 10303, 326, 714, 423, 587, 2810, 416, 262, 4219, 286, 262, 3611, 9142, 12965, 1429, 373, 13717, 11, 393, 3863, 41850, 15655, 416, 262, 1803, 290, 416, 428, 22890, 13, 383, 3730, 761, 284, 1064, 14052, 422, 1626, 11, 284, 1745, 319, 284, 511, 3946, 393, 5160, 257, 4136, 8057, 11, 475, 326, 743, 307, 7069, 284, 4620, 621, 356, 1975, 13, 17277, 1938, 389, 7016, 8109, 11, 290, 618, 534, 1074, 468, 27021, 445, 11, 340, 338, 1327, 284, 1907, 588, 340, 991, 6067, 13, 198, 198, 31258, 72, 2940, 709, 468, 24887, 33752, 1201, 465, 45062, 6243, 8886, 13, 314, 2497, 683, 442, 1018, 2667, 736, 329, 257, 12539, 20695, 11, 11717, 1028, 257, 21888, 11, 290, 339, 3114, 11023, 12981, 12, 38246, 13, 2735, 314, 1101, 407, 3425, 7958, 11, 340, 338, 922, 326, 339, 338, 503, 612, 2712, 290, 1972, 257, 1182, 923, 319, 1306, 1622, 11, 475, 340, 561, 307, 1365, 611, 339, 3114, 517, 6792, 290, 36710, 351, 1123, 6427, 983, 13, 775, 1244, 307, 1165, 11334, 287, 428, 2754, 13, 314, 750, 766, 683, 3714, 257, 10359, 2198, 11, 543, 318, 922, 11, 475, 356, 635, 2497, 683, 1761, 13886, 572, 262, 4771, 1474, 262, 886, 286, 262, 983, 13, 2735, 326, 714, 307, 2147, 11, 655, 10153, 10712, 852, 13642, 9155, 290, 262, 10329, 852, 15033, 287, 257, 1180, 835, 621, 10948, 72, 468, 587, 5086, 340, 284, 287, 262, 938, 3155, 812, 13, 775, 423, 284, 3505, 326, 10948, 72, 468, 587, 705, 5162, 13493, 6, 465, 1364, 10329, 329, 326, 890, 783, 11, 7075, 278, 465, 584, 10329, 11, 290, 9289, 1112, 262, 6686, 530, 13, 1649, 340, 3011, 326, 1310, 3131, 2928, 393, 14528, 11, 339, 338, 1016, 284, 1254, 340, 1201, 465, 10329, 5818, 470, 587, 15033, 588, 326, 11, 290, 339, 338, 407, 3492, 329, 340, 39705, 13, 198, 198, 26764, 2634, 20576, 4188, 468, 587, 1972, 840, 6255, 416, 3296, 329, 852, 3105, 11, 555, 44697, 11, 2048, 2471, 18874, 13, 1318, 389, 24730, 11226, 1541, 329, 683, 284, 307, 14338, 503, 11, 290, 314, 765, 284, 757, 1181, 326, 981, 314, 4601, 339, 373, 517, 12973, 826, 783, 11, 339, 468, 477, 286, 1306, 1622, 284, 5879, 2241, 13, 554, 257, 835, 11, 465, 7332, 1819, 318, 5742, 514, 2652, 1029, 287, 262, 4538, 16905, 11, 523, 340, 338, 281, 1269, 419, 1726, 37758, 329, 514, 13, 7406, 1622, 11, 1752, 339, 338, 7891, 625, 262, 34056, 286, 465, 11461, 290, 339, 338, 3938, 3100, 7287, 262, 3292, 11, 3863, 468, 257, 2863, 284, 651, 4988, 10282, 287, 5575, 29350, 282, 11, 468, 257, 649, 3985, 508, 460, 3863, 4574, 262, 826, 12163, 351, 683, 11, 290, 5341, 351, 262, 826, 22774, 689, 290, 319, 257, 1074, 351, 517, 4571, 11, 339, 743, 651, 319, 2610, 290, 923, 1787, 889, 4661, 13, 2080, 262, 25479, 2045, 284, 12023, 510, 625, 262, 3931, 11, 290, 262, 22195, 290, 27607, 1541, 26005, 511, 8434, 467, 261, 11, 356, 1183, 307, 3772, 284, 423, 326, 1263, 3516, 319, 674, 1218, 393, 2368, 1627, 11, 379, 257, 6397, 2756, 13, 679, 338, 407, 262, 2071, 319, 674, 1074, 11, 612, 389, 867, 584, 10421, 284, 5490, 546, 13, 198, 198, 3198, 2137, 314, 466, 5490, 546, 318, 13307, 24688, 81, 295, 13, 679, 857, 804, 588, 339, 16523, 11278, 290, 318, 257, 2239, 2157, 262, 2223, 13, 770, 3931, 11, 13307, 1276, 1674, 2188, 262, 13126, 290, 7765, 27794, 290, 6131, 2667, 19250, 47267, 893, 290, 2427, 5602, 257, 1295, 287, 347, 1214, 446, 1973, 262, 4675, 422, 262, 3357, 3716, 11, 290, 6209, 2107, 379, 262, 11550, 13, 679, 468, 284, 466, 257, 1336, 3931, 286, 11278, 3047, 11, 1176, 33051, 290, 35960, 908, 10466, 13, 679, 468, 284, 905, 510, 379, 3047, 1413, 10904, 263, 11, 1612, 263, 290, 351, 33752, 517, 4391, 287, 465, 33769, 13, 679, 743, 892, 326, 339, 338, 3047, 1327, 826, 783, 11, 475, 339, 468, 284, 1011, 340, 734, 2974, 2440, 11, 290, 787, 262, 4202, 290, 21143, 11070, 465, 1266, 2460, 13, 314, 1101, 407, 3375, 546, 262, 43973, 705, 40, 1234, 319, 3478, 8059, 286, 8280, 428, 3931, 6, 2126, 357, 4758, 318, 3221, 257, 3440, 286, 36355, 828, 314, 1101, 3375, 5899, 48871, 290, 2636, 75, 19265, 290, 3091, 18045, 290, 33051, 1566, 339, 3382, 284, 3714, 510, 13, 2399, 3451, 625, 262, 1306, 734, 7028, 481, 307, 5447, 416, 262, 3626, 339, 1033, 2412, 625, 262, 3931, 13, 383, 5141, 468, 7401, 11, 339, 373, 257, 17073, 2959, 14372, 8464, 11, 783, 339, 2476, 284, 1249, 2241, 284, 6758, 13, 198, 198, 25381, 11, 2808, 2805, 2321, 198, 198, 49, 2634, 70, 524, 1487, 287, 347, 1214, 446, 198, 198, 12804, 1263, 1705, 422, 5575, 29350, 282, 1909, 11, 290, 7062, 1705, 11, 287, 326, 1770, 13, 21204, 12822, 1071, 959, 468, 587, 22598, 286, 465, 10741, 355, 262, 33664, 3611, 9142, 13, 4418, 11, 5811, 21686, 2959, 11, 508, 373, 1762, 355, 281, 20685, 284, 262, 6951, 11, 373, 7981, 326, 465, 2775, 543, 27396, 428, 3931, 481, 407, 307, 16434, 13, 198, 198, 3673, 326, 777, 28527, 547, 2089, 661, 393, 33840, 11, 475, 262, 2482, 2740, 329, 2405, 11, 1111, 618, 1262, 262, 705, 10044, 46342, 1332, 6, 981, 2045, 379, 262, 33864, 11, 290, 635, 287, 262, 29337, 286, 7401, 422, 262, 9354, 625, 262, 938, 614, 11, 290, 286, 29063, 422, 262, 4009, 13, 1770, 13, 21686, 2959, 338, 9106, 2545, 284, 467, 329, 257, 1402, 14297, 1074, 326, 561, 22647, 262, 5471, 656, 262, 2323, 373, 6165, 45171, 416, 262, 327, 6242, 1847, 286, 11753, 27593, 11, 18373, 14327, 290, 2094, 23165, 11, 508, 389, 19702, 262, 983, 736, 284, 262, 3223, 1528, 286, 262, 275, 18771, 10037, 444, 290, 262, 22756, 290, 5552, 13462, 31638, 13, 198, 198, 464, 2776, 1022, 262, 1074, 290, 663, 11663, 373, 645, 2392, 13205, 393, 670, 540, 11, 523, 340, 373, 640, 284, 636, 2842, 351, 777, 734, 28527, 290, 467, 287, 257, 649, 4571, 13, 317, 22226, 605, 9848, 318, 326, 867, 2912, 669, 1909, 38911, 262, 1445, 11, 475, 635, 279, 1389, 329, 26564, 10159, 11, 290, 42086, 262, 8792, 41823, 290, 13950, 85, 21718, 286, 262, 4652, 508, 4859, 351, 511, 6951, 12, 40677, 17790, 614, 706, 614, 11, 832, 6546, 290, 7888, 13, 198, 198, 3198, 12577, 4843, 286, 1909, 338, 8009, 373, 262, 2854, 286, 24688, 17958, 1559, 13, 314, 550, 257, 37742, 4459, 286, 683, 1201, 465, 2720, 379, 262, 923, 286, 262, 1622, 319, 371, 5258, 11, 1141, 543, 339, 531, 477, 262, 826, 1243, 25, 465, 1842, 286, 262, 33664, 11, 262, 1109, 326, 339, 5341, 12217, 2241, 290, 465, 11989, 466, 11, 703, 339, 3377, 640, 287, 262, 33664, 2691, 7846, 12, 11110, 1112, 1080, 523, 339, 714, 1064, 503, 644, 262, 1998, 318, 588, 329, 262, 3296, 290, 703, 340, 714, 307, 6596, 13, 383, 1109, 326, 339, 373, 32973, 298, 290, 5158, 38870, 4141, 373, 257, 1263, 5556, 13, 383, 537, 1939, 372, 373, 465, 19190, 326, 339, 561, 307, 281, 5101, 12, 13664, 4870, 11, 290, 326, 981, 339, 561, 4691, 355, 1992, 11, 339, 3636, 470, 26551, 293, 287, 1110, 12, 1462, 12, 820, 4560, 11, 543, 373, 1049, 1705, 284, 883, 286, 514, 508, 836, 470, 765, 257, 4502, 2441, 571, 918, 1008, 393, 6035, 22543, 393, 13075, 5437, 287, 3877, 286, 262, 33664, 13, 198, 198, 8332, 428, 1049, 923, 11, 339, 373, 4328, 10228, 416, 262, 36371, 1622, 262, 1074, 24067, 13, 679, 373, 47263, 618, 339, 2921, 262, 1074, 290, 663, 3085, 257, 3015, 286, 6628, 13, 679, 373, 4587, 1384, 416, 257, 1271, 286, 3296, 355, 625, 465, 1182, 11, 393, 39796, 1431, 355, 257, 6099, 42414, 508, 1422, 470, 1337, 546, 5442, 11, 475, 691, 329, 10177, 13, 632, 3947, 339, 373, 2005, 1310, 30740, 287, 1719, 2077, 625, 257, 1074, 326, 373, 1719, 257, 3953, 286, 1943, 287, 262, 12980, 290, 14615, 284, 1309, 262, 1459, 11663, 2555, 511, 31792, 922, 670, 13, 679, 635, 2492, 470, 1813, 597, 3884, 329, 262, 1109, 326, 339, 550, 691, 587, 287, 262, 1992, 338, 2607, 329, 1342, 621, 257, 614, 13, 198, 198, 48387, 11, 465, 1803, 4495, 1909, 477, 16548, 257, 1256, 286, 10251, 290, 339, 2331, 284, 423, 5839, 2241, 617, 640, 290, 35049, 617, 16532, 287, 262, 2951, 286, 465, 9188, 13, 679, 757, 5158, 286, 262, 2106, 290, 6761, 286, 262, 33664, 11, 286, 703, 35776, 868, 656, 262, 12980, 373, 407, 281, 16916, 286, 1943, 13, 679, 373, 5508, 319, 257, 1271, 286, 10233, 11, 287, 1111, 8950, 13, 198, 198, 6653, 1388, 12092, 373, 262, 8009, 326, 339, 550, 9657, 14465, 8858, 446, 355, 465, 20685, 329, 262, 4540, 6356, 1429, 13, 2893, 1770, 13, 8858, 446, 468, 587, 503, 286, 262, 9481, 329, 257, 981, 11, 339, 991, 6774, 257, 1256, 286, 922, 8492, 11, 8787, 290, 1998, 284, 262, 3084, 13, 632, 9209, 4047, 286, 1770, 13, 17958, 1559, 326, 339, 468, 262, 34935, 284, 2648, 262, 17838, 290, 9159, 339, 2476, 1037, 13, 770, 2058, 319, 262, 18728, 286, 3136, 326, 339, 468, 587, 6095, 5608, 422, 2495, 881, 2687, 339, 714, 287, 262, 938, 1178, 2745, 11, 523, 339, 318, 8768, 287, 4737, 329, 1037, 11, 340, 338, 407, 257, 19403, 25756, 13, 198, 198, 1858, 338, 407, 881, 284, 751, 284, 262, 24458, 286, 3967, 3651, 351, 2461, 284, 1770, 13, 8858, 446, 13, 632, 318, 257, 1049, 12955, 326, 1770, 13, 17958, 1559, 14759, 326, 262, 33664, 423, 257, 1178, 13391, 326, 584, 5745, 836, 470, 11, 530, 286, 543, 318, 257, 2769, 5933, 286, 10617, 11, 12356, 1450, 284, 1382, 281, 4009, 351, 13, 1881, 286, 262, 3375, 6665, 5158, 287, 6273, 290, 42880, 1436, 4420, 286, 262, 25479, 290, 627, 3949, 25, 366, 40, 4240, 611, 8403, 23259, 318, 4585, 3941, 9626, 75, 3839, 329, 5608, 1701, 198, 198, 2514, 423, 4133, 588, 14465, 8858, 446, 290, 407, 779, 606, 318, 38422, 31983, 13, 632, 2331, 326, 24688, 17958, 1559, 705, 11407, 340, 3256, 290, 339, 481, 35160, 319, 262, 18929, 286, 465, 1074, 13, 198, 198, 6610, 4621, 262, 33664, 423, 318, 428, 49718, 11, 48837, 11, 38259, 18231, 326, 262, 1074, 468, 351, 663, 3296, 13, 1770, 13, 17958, 1559, 757, 2523, 326, 339, 3011, 340, 416, 12316, 4084, 326, 1719, 257, 6951, 508, 460, 2740, 4141, 318, 1593, 11, 611, 407, 257, 13677, 28587, 13, 2893, 428, 318, 1036, 396, 329, 262, 3939, 329, 883, 508, 24133, 2280, 9585, 326, 262, 33664, 815, 11078, 705, 1169, 1266, 10617, 4540, 3256, 428, 460, 307, 9469, 287, 734, 2842, 13, 198, 198, 3198, 318, 262, 3326, 4674, 35146, 286, 5871, 508, 389, 48588, 572, 618, 262, 13367, 6140, 355, 284, 508, 481, 6330, 1770, 13, 12822, 1071, 959, 13, 1318, 389, 379, 1551, 2063, 257, 8667, 845, 10617, 5871, 508, 389, 48116, 290, 460, 2239, 656, 262, 2597, 11, 617, 4769, 15286, 6951, 6116, 3058, 290, 852, 3177, 355, 3492, 416, 12217, 661, 284, 1011, 262, 1306, 2239, 13, 18653, 360, 28474, 28396, 318, 257, 4451, 3516, 508, 12216, 5692, 290, 508, 287, 465, 640, 319, 262, 9481, 4537, 23189, 5583, 1392, 284, 760, 262, 29128, 50062, 1397, 12729, 12142, 2280, 13, 3208, 1709, 30927, 318, 257, 845, 14462, 2137, 5797, 508, 318, 28275, 416, 13440, 355, 262, 1306, 530, 284, 467, 284, 262, 584, 1735, 286, 262, 3084, 290, 1716, 257, 6951, 13, 1002, 1997, 11, 612, 743, 307, 1165, 867, 5871, 284, 2720, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 318, 1598, 284, 766, 326, 262, 9079, 284, 2740, 4141, 481, 407, 2948, 262, 1074, 422, 31481, 867, 10617, 5871, 13, 383, 705, 13466, 10617, 6, 4540, 318, 281, 29885, 13824, 13, 632, 338, 407, 1464, 1598, 508, 318, 262, 1266, 4540, 13, 1318, 338, 645, 9432, 1332, 13, 1002, 612, 373, 11, 612, 3636, 470, 307, 523, 867, 8840, 6735, 874, 11, 287, 262, 12217, 995, 290, 287, 262, 1103, 995, 13, 198, 198, 818, 3950, 11, 262, 1048, 326, 12444, 284, 651, 9657, 318, 262, 1048, 326, 468, 257, 1913, 1576, 40560, 16345, 2634, 284, 651, 319, 257, 1790, 1351, 11, 290, 788, 14947, 274, 262, 12965, 5583, 351, 511, 2614, 14482, 11, 262, 2700, 286, 511, 4213, 290, 262, 4197, 351, 262, 4009, 13, 632, 338, 407, 588, 262, 2159, 338, 13535, 395, 1869, 393, 257, 17186, 42599, 810, 612, 318, 281, 9432, 11, 49919, 48840, 8783, 13, 3806, 286, 262, 1790, 1351, 11, 345, 3221, 1254, 922, 546, 734, 393, 1115, 5871, 11, 290, 788, 345, 2911, 284, 3853, 262, 826, 530, 13, 198, 198, 1858, 318, 645, 21021, 3409, 12868, 735, 503, 612, 1231, 597, 266, 5889, 508, 481, 307, 6699, 257, 2863, 379, 7184, 780, 339, 1595, 470, 2740, 4141, 13, 1439, 883, 37071, 705, 13466, 10617, 6, 5871, 11, 883, 508, 423, 7401, 290, 1998, 11, 389, 2035, 3058, 9322, 393, 547, 1309, 467, 422, 7382, 2073, 780, 484, 547, 1043, 10291, 13, 1649, 262, 13440, 319, 309, 15571, 547, 1965, 11, 706, 4955, 262, 36049, 1351, 286, 48116, 2785, 5871, 11, 284, 2148, 257, 1178, 3891, 286, 5871, 508, 836, 470, 2740, 4141, 11, 484, 714, 691, 36394, 257, 3155, 286, 555, 11883, 10475, 11776, 13, 198, 198, 13828, 6774, 514, 284, 262, 584, 835, 356, 460, 2209, 262, 705, 13466, 4540, 4458, 1002, 1770, 13, 17958, 1559, 14759, 326, 262, 18231, 1022, 262, 3296, 290, 262, 1074, 318, 257, 4202, 356, 460, 35160, 319, 11, 788, 339, 4206, 339, 468, 284, 43414, 326, 6314, 11, 3745, 340, 13, 1675, 466, 523, 11, 339, 468, 284, 11, 355, 356, 750, 287, 262, 1613, 416, 1486, 290, 416, 5778, 11, 4155, 326, 612, 318, 1957, 10552, 319, 262, 1074, 11, 326, 46345, 9423, 6510, 389, 5788, 290, 10281, 290, 1592, 262, 5454, 290, 2251, 1194, 5270, 286, 6510, 508, 765, 284, 1663, 510, 290, 307, 257, 2294, 2013, 1165, 13, 770, 1611, 286, 18231, 318, 49083, 13, 1471, 2138, 11, 356, 743, 1064, 503, 262, 2756, 393, 262, 4621, 611, 356, 389, 1498, 284, 1051, 350, 13, 32, 13, 16774, 68, 559, 428, 3931, 379, 257, 289, 908, 68, 321, 9780, 13, 775, 761, 284, 423, 517, 10439, 286, 1310, 12217, 1938, 508, 5911, 351, 262, 1074, 290, 561, 1577, 1997, 284, 711, 994, 11, 2427, 286, 262, 38316, 10475, 7806, 25866, 35979, 3074, 11, 810, 257, 1363, 7081, 7690, 329, 2972, 3840, 284, 2652, 1497, 13, 198, 198, 1135, 761, 674, 11663, 284, 1833, 428, 11, 290, 284, 466, 2279, 287, 511, 1176, 326, 517, 3271, 2935, 71, 1501, 15152, 290, 21000, 260, 5481, 8516, 389, 5071, 2427, 286, 29612, 832, 262, 23217, 13, 14465, 8858, 446, 468, 9635, 450, 306, 319, 262, 2426, 11, 290, 340, 318, 36450, 326, 339, 481, 4313, 356, 11078, 257, 6951, 508, 7303, 428, 8876, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 815, 307, 281, 7895, 886, 286, 1622, 783, 11, 355, 6886, 284, 644, 356, 1807, 355, 2904, 355, 7415, 11, 326, 262, 5637, 1936, 1830, 561, 307, 257, 347, 1045, 272, 5830, 2805, 13, 5455, 484, 1183, 307, 262, 4469, 2223, 284, 262, 1388, 1938, 13, 3914, 338, 2911, 326, 356, 886, 510, 351, 257, 1862, 11, 12356, 11, 6016, 6951, 508, 2952, 37097, 9925, 9817, 11, 21480, 11, 314, 1612, 674, 1306, 3985, 11, 290, 5621, 514, 510, 880, 287, 24054, 286, 262, 4538, 287, 2795, 13, 198, 198, 16073, 32364, 271, 533, 74, 329, 42884, 509, 27359, 293, 30, 198, 198, 3237, 826, 11, 314, 447, 247, 297, 12178, 428, 2126, 757, 11, 2845, 314, 447, 247, 76, 257, 1310, 517, 2726, 428, 640, 25, 198, 198, 2437, 546, 356, 3164, 262, 25479, 290, 2897, 284, 1011, 4995, 32364, 271, 533, 74, 572, 511, 2832, 287, 1441, 329, 572, 25138, 42884, 509, 27359, 293, 319, 606, 30, 383, 8592, 389, 9826, 10411, 287, 2846, 286, 1451, 2277, 11, 5054, 290, 3381, 13, 628, 198, 16, 8, 314, 460, 447, 247, 83, 1302, 42884, 509, 27359, 293, 13, 198, 198, 17, 8, 775, 16459, 761, 262, 4678, 316, 326, 4995, 468, 11, 290, 836, 447, 247, 83, 1107, 761, 1770, 13, 509, 27359, 293, 447, 247, 82, 11, 2592, 351, 10948, 72, 2940, 709, 736, 1306, 1622, 11, 290, 12281, 3099, 26689, 75, 26899, 290, 575, 1236, 624, 28137, 991, 319, 262, 9354, 13, 198, 198, 18, 8, 2080, 257, 4084, 5447, 2597, 11, 3863, 4995, 460, 3164, 262, 1241, 286, 711, 339, 3751, 981, 339, 373, 994, 13, 679, 3636, 447, 247, 83, 307, 262, 1263, 12673, 508, 468, 284, 12051, 465, 1263, 1479, 4086, 24780, 339, 3058, 318, 287, 5390, 11, 475, 2138, 262, 3516, 1017, 8426, 355, 257, 1303, 20, 393, 1303, 21, 6110, 9366, 805, 11, 262, 1263, 1913, 3516, 508, 37526, 262, 2010, 290, 38934, 2461, 329, 674, 31071, 13, 198, 198, 51, 14992, 284, 787, 18873, 671, 503, 286, 257, 18873, 13, 198, 198, 13543, 1497, 13, 198, 198, 26133, 11, 2681, 2805, 2321, 198, 198, 8777, 8541, 25, 5575, 29350, 282, 362, 11, 4744, 513, 357, 15821, 8, 198, 198, 818, 674, 28940, 284, 262, 4220, 11, 356, 423, 4251, 674, 4314, 11, 287, 326, 356, 460, 467, 645, 2793, 621, 2808, 400, 11, 14939, 1719, 5327, 1740, 262, 938, 14, 11085, 4136, 287, 11824, 329, 262, 4538, 22098, 13, 3954, 1074, 18572, 502, 996, 11, 1201, 356, 423, 617, 5207, 326, 460, 2948, 617, 9089, 11, 393, 379, 1551, 15828, 9089, 11, 9089, 287, 9001, 326, 4735, 1958, 674, 4538, 2292, 13, 775, 423, 257, 31071, 11, 356, 423, 14720, 39777, 508, 389, 2111, 284, 14947, 16958, 481, 307, 4585, 262, 6934, 1306, 3047, 1413, 11, 356, 423, 257, 1303, 16, 1627, 326, 318, 991, 2712, 1327, 11, 588, 340, 6067, 11, 290, 588, 484, 2883, 2712, 351, 1123, 584, 2427, 286, 852, 477, 1278, 388, 290, 401, 265, 577, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 2994, 318, 257, 5385, 1621, 329, 674, 1074, 428, 1622, 25, 711, 1327, 11, 670, 1327, 11, 5552, 257, 1085, 11, 22094, 340, 510, 287, 262, 2368, 11, 12259, 329, 257, 9001, 9839, 11, 290, 4425, 340, 287, 262, 34995, 13, 843, 314, 460, 470, 892, 286, 1194, 11, 2656, 835, 284, 1181, 340, 11, 523, 314, 1183, 5552, 616, 38283, 290, 458, 1347, 503, 262, 1468, 26672, 469, 326, 428, 705, 75, 13416, 6, 966, 318, 5170, 674, 8395, 329, 257, 11868, 4538, 11, 290, 326, 262, 10309, 25479, 389, 319, 262, 25055, 75, 11, 33949, 511, 5385, 3777, 25, 35483, 11, 6099, 12, 19316, 3081, 30896, 1571, 290, 257, 36893, 7207, 268, 1074, 3025, 29651, 318, 852, 35722, 515, 416, 257, 44315, 605, 3985, 13, 5845, 3730, 389, 4923, 11, 484, 423, 587, 612, 878, 11, 484, 760, 703, 284, 651, 262, 1693, 1760, 13, 921, 460, 766, 340, 287, 511, 2951, 11, 484, 423, 262, 11868, 9408, 13, 198, 198, 5122, 1074, 318, 407, 355, 2089, 355, 262, 25479, 13, 775, 423, 257, 1256, 286, 46529, 10421, 287, 262, 9354, 11, 475, 612, 318, 257, 1913, 8489, 284, 1382, 319, 13, 1629, 2651, 356, 423, 1936, 393, 2237, 9481, 12, 18275, 1938, 11, 290, 783, 1276, 1064, 2237, 517, 284, 6070, 503, 674, 16812, 13, 775, 460, 466, 523, 351, 530, 393, 1115, 2553, 6243, 1479, 5797, 42113, 11, 3863, 416, 7313, 257, 6034, 329, 257, 2137, 3492, 329, 262, 9481, 11, 290, 11481, 416, 1167, 4509, 422, 674, 1080, 11, 3863, 530, 517, 3931, 286, 2478, 481, 7800, 26360, 351, 617, 286, 674, 5318, 43365, 290, 1459, 4220, 12, 34380, 13, 775, 460, 2911, 326, 674, 717, 12, 744, 4538, 2298, 481, 307, 3492, 284, 6070, 530, 286, 777, 10421, 379, 2651, 13, 1550, 9366, 11, 356, 423, 1440, 845, 4735, 1938, 11, 290, 788, 257, 35146, 286, 1808, 8849, 13, 15831, 38578, 389, 46937, 2890, 306, 1969, 11, 3863, 287, 640, 329, 262, 2211, 3047, 1413, 13, 775, 389, 900, 290, 517, 379, 44113, 13, 198, 198, 32117, 1004, 2436, 1192, 318, 4478, 514, 1223, 11, 772, 996, 339, 468, 587, 5676, 416, 6821, 262, 938, 3155, 286, 812, 11, 290, 465, 2478, 714, 423, 29759, 13, 775, 1611, 286, 4601, 326, 339, 1549, 3377, 262, 2104, 1622, 287, 11582, 852, 262, 1303, 16, 7372, 290, 852, 262, 8223, 11, 475, 339, 338, 1642, 262, 1266, 286, 465, 3614, 2431, 11, 290, 9975, 1611, 286, 3751, 510, 7152, 2634, 20576, 4188, 13, 6521, 11, 1306, 1622, 340, 561, 307, 3621, 611, 356, 714, 1309, 683, 15345, 287, 11582, 11, 475, 356, 743, 407, 423, 326, 13064, 1201, 356, 836, 470, 423, 1576, 9481, 1938, 11, 290, 339, 743, 2700, 262, 1074, 338, 1021, 351, 465, 711, 6949, 13, 198, 198, 6732, 2634, 67, 2634, 1173, 520, 12, 21306, 271, 318, 1194, 2137, 508, 318, 1642, 340, 1327, 329, 514, 284, 8856, 683, 13, 314, 1053, 29686, 465, 4050, 711, 523, 1290, 428, 1622, 11, 14773, 339, 1422, 470, 2222, 257, 4678, 316, 284, 262, 1074, 326, 356, 2622, 11, 287, 326, 356, 1541, 423, 4833, 11, 5175, 9366, 3653, 319, 262, 9354, 11, 1865, 757, 9975, 339, 373, 4050, 11, 1464, 880, 12, 9150, 276, 11, 973, 465, 4859, 284, 21392, 329, 465, 3092, 286, 3518, 4202, 11, 290, 9272, 281, 3342, 618, 339, 1908, 5593, 1004, 2436, 1192, 572, 319, 465, 513, 12, 261, 12, 15, 3061, 13, 314, 743, 307, 3105, 319, 262, 35340, 11, 475, 9975, 373, 262, 717, 640, 314, 2540, 284, 1808, 1771, 339, 1244, 466, 5566, 1365, 621, 575, 1236, 624, 28137, 393, 42884, 509, 27359, 293, 393, 5180, 5425, 11106, 13, 198, 198, 40, 1101, 257, 1310, 7960, 416, 6047, 2635, 13, 679, 5818, 470, 7781, 257, 3061, 1865, 11, 2125, 470, 4441, 597, 8395, 832, 47334, 1674, 41004, 588, 339, 373, 938, 1622, 11, 290, 743, 307, 625, 5589, 641, 803, 416, 4330, 1165, 1690, 13, 679, 1816, 510, 1028, 22722, 402, 463, 1671, 23103, 772, 996, 339, 2921, 510, 257, 2383, 2546, 4621, 13, 6047, 2492, 470, 257, 5019, 10543, 618, 339, 373, 15937, 503, 286, 262, 370, 6581, 11, 339, 373, 1775, 355, 257, 1327, 12, 16090, 7372, 290, 373, 10307, 4058, 286, 3932, 28276, 290, 21574, 7598, 291, 416, 9481, 5694, 49716, 465, 4538, 614, 13, 6023, 3703, 543, 314, 4367, 373, 326, 465, 4190, 373, 5894, 355, 339, 1816, 284, 262, 7389, 3091, 11, 355, 611, 339, 8020, 470, 550, 262, 14158, 8079, 284, 670, 510, 257, 922, 15488, 27091, 13, 314, 760, 339, 338, 2111, 284, 8676, 597, 835, 339, 460, 11, 475, 314, 836, 470, 765, 683, 284, 14461, 1096, 2241, 656, 257, 8759, 371, 4464, 2013, 12, 4906, 3504, 6551, 508, 2753, 319, 477, 401, 364, 290, 857, 407, 881, 2073, 13, 632, 1244, 1612, 257, 1790, 3451, 329, 683, 13, 198, 198, 9704, 14332, 959, 3691, 13, 4995, 15718, 88, 198, 198, 39424, 262, 2940, 14332, 959, 3691, 13, 4995, 15718, 88, 4538, 11, 262, 3612, 1871, 5575, 29350, 282, 3296, 379, 262, 640, 11, 290, 10388, 284, 262, 15115, 370, 5973, 258, 5847, 2298, 11, 373, 28085, 326, 262, 1957, 5141, 14, 46536, 4572, 815, 307, 674, 3572, 611, 356, 550, 257, 8469, 379, 683, 13, 775, 1422, 470, 423, 262, 4133, 1695, 1909, 284, 466, 597, 2267, 11, 475, 4844, 286, 262, 11103, 326, 614, 547, 355, 17144, 355, 10868, 683, 3947, 284, 307, 13, 1318, 547, 1036, 2178, 17783, 326, 339, 373, 1165, 2705, 290, 1244, 651, 2923, 287, 262, 9481, 11, 475, 883, 10251, 11196, 1141, 465, 13430, 3451, 635, 13, 679, 373, 6189, 257, 2496, 790, 983, 339, 2826, 11, 290, 373, 36601, 290, 8556, 416, 467, 684, 5734, 3181, 287, 284, 1011, 683, 503, 11, 1865, 339, 583, 325, 21917, 13, 383, 13430, 16861, 287, 262, 10037, 444, 547, 655, 355, 7165, 355, 345, 1244, 1607, 11, 290, 5471, 11070, 1422, 470, 765, 683, 284, 4405, 606, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1005, 419, 284, 262, 1627, 326, 339, 1244, 307, 1165, 2705, 373, 326, 345, 655, 550, 284, 4573, 683, 351, 262, 1774, 1938, 11, 355, 339, 373, 351, 262, 2351, 390, 406, 9226, 11, 290, 588, 262, 32868, 750, 416, 20883, 683, 510, 351, 19635, 12981, 444, 290, 17857, 8498, 926, 959, 11, 290, 262, 35004, 750, 351, 13329, 35877, 89, 2584, 290, 9935, 311, 8952, 7204, 13, 198, 198, 6610, 1627, 286, 14607, 373, 326, 339, 2492, 470, 257, 1913, 6110, 2137, 13, 1318, 338, 257, 1621, 326, 1141, 262, 15589, 4538, 11, 3941, 4022, 4364, 1965, 465, 4039, 24490, 508, 373, 1364, 618, 511, 1210, 1625, 510, 287, 262, 717, 2835, 13, 383, 10971, 373, 25, 366, 16073, 15718, 88, 11, 460, 4776, 475, 460, 470, 2198, 11, 290, 29902, 18489, 11, 460, 2198, 475, 460, 470, 4776, 526, 198, 198, 1, 3855, 502, 262, 30664, 553, 4022, 4364, 318, 1128, 7241, 284, 423, 531, 11, 366, 40, 1183, 4545, 683, 703, 284, 2198, 526, 198, 198, 464, 33664, 550, 257, 2823, 379, 683, 379, 262, 1303, 940, 4045, 10852, 11, 475, 7690, 284, 467, 351, 2940, 14332, 959, 11, 508, 3947, 284, 307, 355, 922, 257, 30664, 355, 1770, 13, 15718, 88, 287, 13430, 11, 290, 550, 2826, 257, 386, 1622, 287, 262, 7655, 32, 351, 18899, 1231, 7464, 510, 20117, 11, 523, 484, 2936, 339, 373, 257, 1365, 4540, 13, 1119, 743, 423, 587, 31828, 393, 31363, 290, 1807, 326, 1770, 13, 15718, 88, 561, 991, 307, 4953, 329, 606, 379, 1303, 1238, 4045, 13, 1119, 4444, 510, 4814, 416, 1115, 17314, 11, 290, 1392, 11220, 392, 37916, 756, 355, 262, 45194, 11596, 13, 198, 198, 42297, 370, 5973, 258, 5847, 3691, 13, 33089, 8858, 446, 198, 198, 39424, 262, 15115, 370, 5973, 258, 5847, 4538, 11, 981, 612, 373, 257, 2383, 25477, 508, 2936, 379, 262, 640, 326, 1957, 2933, 33089, 8858, 446, 815, 307, 262, 3572, 11, 356, 547, 788, 355, 783, 39785, 351, 262, 564, 246, 70, 4951, 474, 280, 23365, 390, 7372, 447, 247, 582, 544, 13, 198, 198, 1135, 550, 14018, 1497, 5613, 8882, 709, 33467, 11, 356, 13832, 326, 339, 373, 3105, 11, 290, 5025, 33051, 618, 339, 4859, 38788, 11, 543, 339, 750, 477, 1165, 1690, 13, 775, 4499, 706, 465, 3292, 326, 339, 636, 798, 1165, 1327, 290, 10357, 7130, 774, 38774, 14380, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 878, 262, 4538, 11, 262, 5575, 29350, 282, 6550, 259, 11, 4689, 1763, 325, 11, 443, 4913, 390, 5575, 29350, 282, 11, 262, 869, 12, 259, 905, 564, 246, 35882, 1703, 45211, 390, 7092, 447, 247, 319, 45233, 2246, 11, 477, 4987, 326, 356, 2622, 284, 4538, 257, 1263, 7372, 284, 6107, 287, 1022, 6542, 911, 15318, 290, 13145, 31528, 293, 333, 13, 198, 198, 3198, 804, 379, 511, 9756, 4999, 262, 11501, 286, 26931, 1770, 13, 370, 5973, 258, 5847, 13, 679, 7781, 517, 4661, 290, 2173, 621, 1770, 13, 8858, 446, 750, 11, 287, 257, 4652, 326, 373, 517, 6110, 290, 1422, 447, 247, 83, 4327, 284, 4439, 1029, 12, 26675, 3808, 13, 679, 373, 262, 3489, 3572, 13, 198, 198, 818, 36412, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 2562, 284, 374, 518, 326, 869, 13, 1002, 356, 550, 7147, 33089, 8858, 446, 11, 339, 1244, 423, 587, 18577, 416, 9027, 290, 407, 4166, 635, 11, 393, 339, 1244, 423, 1309, 262, 512, 1741, 290, 2151, 2090, 4662, 467, 284, 465, 1182, 11, 290, 15115, 370, 5973, 258, 5847, 1244, 423, 550, 257, 881, 1365, 3451, 287, 4842, 351, 640, 284, 1205, 290, 1342, 3833, 13, 314, 836, 447, 247, 83, 6646, 1975, 326, 11, 355, 33089, 8858, 446, 3751, 339, 550, 262, 2046, 284, 307, 262, 1266, 290, 561, 423, 1760, 523, 6609, 11, 9472, 15115, 370, 5973, 258, 5847, 3947, 1165, 21957, 312, 329, 262, 2597, 339, 373, 4001, 284, 6070, 13, 198, 198, 818, 674, 1306, 4538, 11, 356, 423, 262, 2087, 21407, 286, 26931, 29095, 614, 1468, 1938, 11, 355, 6886, 284, 8208, 614, 44979, 736, 788, 11, 523, 340, 447, 247, 82, 772, 517, 286, 257, 46768, 355, 284, 703, 777, 3988, 481, 1210, 503, 13, 198, 198, 19844, 11, 1987, 2805, 2321, 198, 198, 8777, 8684, 25, 5575, 29350, 282, 352, 11, 8857, 604, 198, 198, 1135, 821, 2603, 46558, 15254, 13, 632, 1595, 470, 772, 24276, 13, 198, 198, 10248, 1255, 329, 262, 4009, 11, 356, 4425, 287, 3218, 640, 290, 262, 25479, 4425, 287, 21676, 284, 8891, 525, 2405, 351, 281, 19125, 966, 287, 262, 33864, 13, 1855, 3281, 290, 262, 32868, 4030, 8761, 996, 13, 198, 198, 16676, 262, 2156, 2151, 379, 262, 1107, 13779, 2576, 338, 2156, 11, 810, 345, 547, 510, 1028, 1115, 584, 467, 672, 364, 2111, 284, 307, 262, 938, 530, 284, 2666, 11, 290, 345, 547, 25046, 534, 3625, 290, 336, 9221, 290, 5742, 607, 3424, 510, 290, 5137, 1194, 6458, 319, 290, 2984, 38947, 278, 810, 534, 15224, 373, 290, 466, 1130, 505, 340, 783, 345, 1549, 2051, 534, 1323, 523, 345, 550, 379, 1551, 1194, 2063, 1711, 284, 1494, 1106, 198, 198, 32351, 38548, 284, 966, 503, 11, 772, 262, 9314, 7389, 12, 12728, 4326, 2921, 510, 1115, 4661, 319, 1936, 8395, 13, 3914, 338, 766, 11, 1309, 338, 766, 12359, 3966, 10194, 25, 8518, 402, 2398, 274, 10226, 2237, 6934, 11, 10941, 465, 1085, 355, 262, 4652, 3554, 13, 198, 198, 47404, 2507, 23837, 22193, 373, 4030, 572, 262, 8198, 25473, 13, 1406, 373, 3271, 30901, 13, 198, 198, 25309, 710, 3184, 42620, 2492, 470, 10431, 284, 307, 262, 27410, 339, 3221, 8404, 284, 307, 1028, 262, 33664, 11, 393, 379, 1551, 262, 4833, 11, 502, 28233, 33664, 339, 7452, 2961, 428, 1622, 13, 1649, 339, 17948, 257, 32738, 287, 262, 2368, 11, 4995, 1086, 917, 268, 290, 6047, 2635, 547, 826, 612, 319, 683, 11, 290, 262, 1006, 82, 1682, 1392, 262, 869, 826, 11, 4585, 683, 329, 734, 20143, 21423, 290, 257, 17063, 13, 198, 198, 21447, 517, 284, 467, 13, 3914, 338, 766, 257, 7152, 2634, 20576, 4188, 3061, 11278, 878, 262, 1622, 5645, 11, 290, 517, 6275, 477, 12, 744, 13289, 422, 350, 13, 42, 13, 3834, 3820, 357, 862, 301, 0, 986, 350, 13, 42, 1106, 5765, 534, 15980, 2823, 517, 13, 33482, 262, 1017, 11463, 11, 788, 1445, 284, 262, 7372, 290, 15980, 340, 2014, 198, 198, 20610, 11, 2242, 2805, 2321, 198, 198, 8777, 5441, 25, 5575, 29350, 282, 642, 11, 14074, 352, 198, 198, 1722, 262, 1622, 14293, 284, 257, 1969, 11, 612, 318, 2147, 1364, 329, 33664, 3296, 475, 284, 2883, 262, 1830, 11, 290, 22722, 11768, 1718, 3877, 286, 674, 9739, 1988, 287, 262, 717, 2278, 13, 679, 279, 8426, 513, 4661, 287, 262, 717, 1936, 2431, 286, 262, 983, 11, 290, 714, 3538, 423, 550, 1115, 517, 3690, 262, 5637, 15334, 12, 13261, 2431, 11, 355, 880, 355, 5436, 13, 5747, 1263, 8539, 364, 547, 4923, 477, 983, 11, 15453, 9689, 8395, 790, 640, 484, 547, 319, 262, 4771, 13, 198, 198, 15316, 11, 314, 8171, 616, 6877, 284, 22722, 11768, 329, 262, 34549, 286, 465, 267, 12496, 43933, 428, 1622, 11, 16264, 416, 257, 27810, 481, 284, 1592, 11, 1049, 5531, 290, 12172, 283, 5067, 494, 351, 465, 13107, 11, 290, 257, 15013, 6473, 12, 259, 12, 1169, 12, 354, 1437, 12, 24643, 3918, 11, 21899, 262, 1126, 589, 355, 37952, 355, 466, 9813, 2402, 257, 10481, 13, 679, 468, 583, 325, 21917, 477, 1622, 11, 1141, 5442, 290, 6078, 48356, 11, 287, 1969, 1830, 393, 1141, 6611, 5269, 11, 1028, 3518, 393, 17176, 325, 3466, 11, 832, 6821, 290, 936, 956, 290, 24985, 4073, 416, 45383, 3272, 42116, 290, 31998, 351, 262, 11490, 393, 6851, 13, 679, 8350, 319, 262, 25585, 11, 319, 262, 9581, 9384, 11, 287, 262, 7032, 290, 262, 6483, 11, 339, 1239, 29209, 13, 2011, 691, 13721, 318, 326, 356, 1839, 470, 766, 465, 13119, 21213, 428, 1622, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1218, 2278, 447, 247, 82, 9739, 11, 2158, 11, 373, 564, 246, 273, 2395, 2536, 515, 447, 247, 416, 1234, 6058, 22957, 278, 11, 351, 262, 26581, 82, 3355, 7855, 2695, 49288, 287, 262, 285, 557, 2810, 416, 262, 6181, 1333, 388, 37040, 378, 286, 11753, 27593, 11, 18373, 14327, 290, 2094, 23165, 13, 383, 22195, 1625, 503, 37714, 11, 3272, 41004, 290, 4143, 467, 12484, 422, 262, 4756, 1986, 2364, 11, 290, 262, 1006, 82, 547, 32649, 2280, 23693, 13, 921, 714, 766, 606, 11, 351, 9230, 808, 276, 4772, 82, 11, 477, 31176, 12, 18834, 11, 4964, 2279, 290, 4379, 2147, 13, 1119, 3142, 262, 22195, 284, 8939, 4873, 511, 3098, 12, 71, 8337, 5365, 555, 12685, 26584, 13, 2293, 790, 43804, 496, 287, 2166, 286, 262, 33664, 2010, 11, 262, 1777, 413, 7465, 290, 22746, 25495, 290, 3272, 42116, 1625, 503, 11, 290, 7599, 262, 1006, 82, 561, 892, 777, 1167, 37810, 16769, 503, 319, 1111, 5389, 13, 9022, 318, 3190, 11441, 13, 198, 198, 818, 22948, 11, 6040, 5700, 290, 285, 2518, 82, 389, 3360, 16464, 14707, 416, 262, 11749, 1074, 611, 484, 1254, 484, 389, 6078, 1165, 881, 2323, 393, 389, 546, 284, 307, 7121, 19528, 625, 511, 898, 467, 439, 500, 13, 1320, 318, 11, 484, 973, 284, 307, 3181, 284, 262, 2323, 11, 780, 262, 4037, 26244, 5926, 11, 262, 5701, 15030, 1767, 11, 468, 783, 43203, 777, 10815, 11, 543, 2029, 477, 547, 4457, 4923, 329, 1938, 11, 287, 326, 777, 35752, 481, 3360, 1255, 287, 257, 2726, 11, 26901, 9510, 7393, 5095, 13, 770, 373, 635, 1775, 355, 3098, 12, 2143, 1525, 11, 340, 772, 276, 262, 10402, 329, 262, 1342, 12356, 3466, 290, 2923, 262, 5202, 290, 27519, 13, 198, 198, 32, 1917, 1244, 423, 11196, 284, 5004, 508, 1682, 4073, 262, 9807, 351, 18979, 11, 1201, 287, 428, 686, 4386, 2347, 286, 9265, 340, 338, 2408, 284, 766, 508, 5025, 7796, 290, 5055, 290, 3066, 284, 6715, 866, 465, 7691, 13, 554, 4583, 13, 554, 3357, 11, 262, 845, 2562, 4610, 373, 284, 6338, 10570, 4892, 262, 8046, 357, 392, 7389, 8, 284, 262, 11749, 1074, 11, 1201, 484, 423, 2279, 284, 4461, 416, 46287, 1359, 262, 711, 11, 355, 6886, 284, 262, 1074, 319, 262, 1368, 13, 1406, 783, 11, 618, 257, 285, 2518, 393, 6040, 388, 318, 14707, 11, 262, 9274, 1074, 3011, 262, 2613, 319, 257, 7389, 13, 632, 338, 11353, 13, 1318, 318, 645, 2230, 284, 5409, 611, 340, 373, 21391, 13, 1471, 11, 351, 9481, 12, 14925, 11, 611, 262, 1074, 319, 262, 1368, 550, 340, 2406, 13, 1471, 1771, 262, 983, 318, 1165, 1969, 290, 340, 338, 1165, 1969, 257, 4776, 284, 5764, 257, 7389, 13, 1471, 1771, 428, 2739, 287, 262, 983, 356, 815, 655, 705, 1616, 606, 711, 4458, 198, 198, 818, 257, 983, 588, 9975, 338, 983, 11, 340, 338, 3489, 508, 338, 3599, 262, 6040, 5700, 11, 366, 293, 299, 544, 271, 496, 1, 355, 13067, 33089, 286, 371, 5258, 1234, 340, 13, 632, 338, 262, 1074, 326, 338, 2157, 287, 262, 4776, 11, 351, 5180, 15929, 290, 14760, 261, 17431, 404, 4914, 290, 8047, 30938, 570, 78, 290, 30718, 4176, 319, 262, 4771, 2427, 286, 7806, 22044, 16528, 290, 22722, 15415, 16528, 290, 8982, 2531, 34443, 13, 632, 338, 2495, 33097, 3489, 508, 815, 307, 26409, 284, 262, 7389, 3091, 706, 790, 530, 286, 777, 32262, 829, 13, 198, 198, 1722, 257, 2933, 314, 973, 284, 2342, 257, 1256, 286, 16381, 11, 290, 561, 1254, 9751, 290, 13619, 287, 2882, 284, 262, 39674, 286, 262, 42692, 13, 632, 561, 7360, 711, 351, 616, 2000, 11, 314, 561, 27373, 319, 10953, 11, 314, 373, 523, 27697, 379, 262, 11675, 1108, 286, 340, 477, 11, 290, 703, 262, 1006, 82, 550, 284, 307, 7770, 393, 45571, 13, 1550, 7621, 1074, 7466, 11, 314, 561, 1690, 766, 734, 1006, 82, 4574, 736, 35437, 27478, 559, 508, 550, 5982, 262, 5858, 1231, 852, 30509, 11, 290, 1277, 683, 736, 284, 465, 5228, 2354, 262, 31001, 13, 679, 373, 691, 2111, 284, 1282, 284, 262, 6829, 286, 33089, 12822, 1071, 959, 393, 465, 16933, 24238, 11, 262, 584, 1074, 373, 21608, 11, 475, 340, 1422, 470, 2300, 284, 262, 1006, 82, 11, 484, 561, 27675, 683, 736, 11, 351, 511, 12983, 2900, 284, 262, 2223, 13, 11214, 11, 12386, 705, 28447, 6, 10322, 10924, 290, 26804, 262, 39680, 561, 423, 387, 14570, 24238, 491, 29569, 510, 287, 262, 584, 5228, 11, 351, 257, 17182, 1088, 465, 7393, 13, 4796, 10322, 10924, 561, 307, 1762, 465, 3095, 5458, 351, 1223, 339, 5954, 503, 286, 465, 32263, 11, 290, 26804, 262, 39680, 1244, 307, 18894, 379, 465, 39287, 351, 19478, 7921, 354, 805, 338, 3991, 9941, 13, 843, 314, 561, 4425, 616, 1667, 7689, 13, 314, 1549, 966, 379, 262, 3159, 290, 28946, 379, 262, 1006, 82, 11, 966, 284, 644, 484, 547, 4814, 11, 290, 284, 262, 21608, 13, 366, 15419, 11, 1729, 553, 616, 2988, 561, 910, 11, 366, 4487, 491, 291, 6925, 38836, 11, 269, 6, 395, 390, 8591, 25369, 2634, 22699, 2474, 679, 1549, 788, 5298, 465, 5101, 290, 23930, 287, 49418, 351, 465, 12507, 34845, 25, 366, 28447, 10185, 2474, 628, 1849, 818, 36412, 11, 326, 373, 2192, 1200, 5076, 319, 616, 2988, 338, 636, 13, 198, 198, 7191, 428, 983, 11, 290, 1141, 867, 1854, 11, 14660, 1028, 262, 27607, 11, 314, 2565, 262, 976, 848, 33715, 14404, 7396, 13, 314, 766, 8047, 30938, 570, 78, 1288, 65, 7855, 8518, 402, 2398, 274, 287, 262, 1182, 11, 788, 1568, 29044, 10948, 72, 2940, 709, 287, 262, 736, 286, 262, 1182, 11, 351, 3362, 4100, 35806, 42821, 3364, 2157, 262, 7624, 11, 262, 976, 1285, 326, 262, 5134, 9951, 3985, 49338, 329, 281, 2104, 614, 287, 262, 1438, 286, 2137, 3747, 13, 314, 766, 2940, 22559, 6940, 2049, 29735, 20023, 706, 10948, 72, 509, 455, 396, 2047, 287, 257, 9197, 1088, 262, 14728, 6, 6516, 11, 37714, 683, 3478, 1661, 416, 616, 954, 287, 262, 1429, 11, 351, 645, 16121, 13, 1081, 314, 1053, 5081, 878, 11, 262, 734, 2431, 815, 423, 587, 32333, 510, 588, 287, 257, 6757, 1894, 983, 11, 29400, 29400, 29400, 11, 1566, 262, 3516, 3377, 262, 2187, 1306, 2278, 287, 262, 3091, 13, 314, 766, 8114, 2805, 392, 29044, 7806, 22710, 259, 1936, 1661, 287, 262, 1986, 11, 351, 645, 869, 13, 314, 766, 683, 23186, 379, 4422, 20295, 2295, 27176, 338, 14475, 5019, 2745, 706, 852, 9951, 329, 262, 845, 976, 14148, 11, 351, 645, 869, 13, 198, 198, 2953, 1551, 379, 262, 886, 286, 262, 16381, 2872, 314, 1549, 651, 616, 40788, 11, 314, 1549, 651, 5316, 11, 1103, 5316, 11, 407, 10322, 10924, 705, 28447, 4458, 383, 27478, 8717, 561, 651, 257, 13853, 286, 19539, 2568, 290, 2834, 340, 503, 287, 262, 886, 11, 484, 1549, 6129, 379, 262, 25239, 422, 262, 2368, 17182, 351, 936, 40655, 873, 290, 3870, 364, 13185, 290, 705, 41355, 6, 16381, 11, 355, 7817, 416, 262, 4039, 42461, 1717, 280, 446, 1879, 16923, 959, 13, 314, 836, 470, 651, 257, 32171, 433, 291, 2471, 20388, 5958, 351, 12217, 588, 314, 973, 284, 351, 4689, 406, 315, 660, 7043, 311, 2434, 72, 11, 655, 517, 286, 8047, 11118, 3866, 418, 11, 4995, 4460, 10711, 11, 10936, 43599, 805, 290, 11, 6481, 11, 26134, 48906, 13, 198, 198, 6090, 314, 1181, 757, 616, 1233, 4594, 329, 5180, 15929, 290, 477, 339, 6296, 329, 30, 679, 338, 257, 31464, 27410, 11, 1464, 44339, 1088, 262, 4771, 351, 257, 629, 4883, 319, 465, 1986, 290, 47641, 7076, 319, 465, 2000, 13, 1374, 339, 3011, 284, 2652, 287, 428, 983, 706, 427, 5165, 257, 22957, 7263, 11, 284, 923, 257, 24513, 11, 555, 15234, 6545, 1907, 1028, 6047, 2635, 706, 262, 717, 2278, 264, 24080, 11, 314, 836, 470, 1833, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 355, 314, 3551, 428, 11, 314, 1101, 4964, 262, 520, 13, 1757, 6896, 21367, 2712, 262, 15725, 3719, 1122, 36306, 278, 13785, 11, 290, 1115, 393, 1440, 11418, 655, 3022, 11, 284, 262, 269, 441, 829, 286, 262, 2335, 7999, 508, 2740, 286, 1938, 705, 5646, 510, 329, 2405, 6, 290, 705, 82, 1571, 257, 3275, 3256, 3938, 8866, 528, 415, 286, 262, 1109, 326, 617, 286, 777, 1938, 389, 407, 772, 6490, 13, 198, 198, 25381, 11, 2534, 2805, 2321, 198, 198, 8777, 8915, 25, 5575, 29350, 282, 657, 11, 14905, 513, 198, 198, 11633, 21248, 327, 403, 1681, 9268, 14896, 262, 2457, 17864, 287, 465, 898, 30834, 416, 10427, 31612, 7886, 422, 262, 2010, 351, 513, 290, 257, 2063, 2431, 284, 711, 287, 281, 5543, 24513, 983, 329, 262, 33664, 11, 2592, 618, 484, 547, 866, 513, 12, 15, 30, 1867, 281, 5543, 13699, 1445, 13, 1867, 373, 339, 2111, 284, 4461, 416, 1804, 523, 30, 2399, 1074, 318, 15254, 11, 612, 318, 2147, 8780, 546, 428, 983, 11, 290, 477, 339, 460, 13025, 1607, 422, 428, 1445, 318, 284, 16866, 6047, 7920, 338, 4423, 448, 13, 198, 198, 3633, 339, 468, 407, 20974, 2687, 351, 465, 13101, 936, 20080, 1141, 465, 22485, 1182, 13101, 22966, 287, 5575, 29350, 282, 11, 1770, 13, 327, 403, 1681, 9268, 468, 262, 13064, 286, 257, 1256, 286, 20242, 422, 17984, 287, 262, 4652, 780, 286, 262, 3074, 339, 373, 31852, 7241, 656, 290, 703, 339, 468, 4030, 257, 1728, 2614, 16247, 355, 262, 4074, 2925, 866, 14638, 683, 13, 1002, 2158, 867, 517, 8188, 3051, 588, 465, 4578, 351, 5180, 5425, 11106, 319, 262, 7624, 1141, 262, 938, 983, 11, 290, 777, 33612, 6565, 12, 3262, 7445, 379, 262, 886, 286, 428, 983, 11, 339, 743, 2252, 2465, 465, 5055, 287, 262, 4652, 290, 787, 340, 7069, 319, 2241, 284, 651, 1194, 2823, 379, 257, 9481, 1182, 13101, 1693, 13, 198, 198, 35882, 2671, 19257, 2821, 2826, 517, 588, 257, 9772, 11, 15254, 1074, 621, 484, 423, 2904, 13, 775, 1422, 470, 766, 262, 2568, 290, 262, 13197, 484, 423, 3402, 287, 262, 938, 2237, 1830, 11, 422, 262, 2010, 503, 13, 31612, 7886, 373, 8788, 11, 262, 9366, 3653, 547, 14836, 2845, 329, 350, 13, 42, 13, 3834, 3820, 11, 290, 262, 1353, 734, 2651, 3951, 6304, 470, 1498, 284, 21392, 329, 262, 2368, 290, 5544, 1627, 13, 2893, 428, 8724, 287, 257, 264, 404, 273, 811, 983, 11, 290, 314, 6411, 3177, 1262, 262, 3049, 12, 11813, 2163, 867, 1661, 981, 4964, 11, 290, 691, 30047, 3589, 326, 262, 1622, 318, 625, 2582, 2921, 502, 262, 4202, 407, 284, 11, 314, 1577, 262, 6510, 257, 1208, 11, 262, 938, 1178, 2745, 423, 587, 5210, 11, 290, 356, 460, 470, 1607, 32904, 422, 428, 9354, 13, 198, 198, 32, 2068, 2912, 319, 7152, 2634, 20576, 4188, 11, 508, 318, 16508, 257, 1256, 286, 4894, 422, 3296, 783, 355, 465, 4692, 4822, 1553, 3775, 319, 13, 679, 2331, 284, 307, 1719, 517, 286, 257, 9009, 16537, 11, 3584, 340, 5818, 470, 8724, 287, 257, 3061, 13, 314, 892, 326, 1306, 1622, 11, 351, 257, 649, 923, 290, 257, 649, 3985, 11, 649, 13107, 11, 290, 11481, 1365, 22774, 689, 11, 257, 1365, 697, 2475, 341, 284, 5575, 29350, 282, 11, 290, 3744, 4781, 422, 465, 11461, 11, 543, 339, 15534, 468, 2826, 29860, 351, 465, 20527, 981, 339, 5341, 11, 339, 481, 307, 881, 517, 4050, 13, 383, 1994, 994, 318, 284, 2453, 644, 356, 423, 287, 1770, 13, 20576, 4188, 11, 290, 4124, 674, 9027, 16062, 13, 679, 338, 257, 1263, 11, 1913, 31389, 508, 460, 2277, 11, 290, 257, 9829, 9481, 6, 263, 508, 460, 4776, 4661, 422, 287, 1969, 13, 679, 338, 10038, 88, 290, 15113, 88, 11, 356, 760, 326, 635, 11, 523, 356, 460, 470, 651, 287, 257, 256, 40593, 618, 339, 338, 5897, 329, 1936, 393, 3478, 1830, 13, 3914, 338, 6107, 683, 287, 319, 257, 1627, 351, 257, 922, 711, 10297, 290, 1194, 31389, 508, 1183, 16829, 465, 983, 11, 1309, 338, 1607, 1160, 12, 1495, 4661, 422, 683, 11, 1309, 338, 9144, 465, 4040, 319, 262, 7389, 1494, 11, 290, 3505, 326, 339, 1625, 351, 6041, 286, 9588, 1451, 8259, 11, 257, 6034, 290, 257, 362, 358, 12, 45788, 13, 679, 338, 407, 2130, 356, 761, 284, 5490, 546, 355, 356, 711, 503, 262, 4731, 11, 1309, 338, 1577, 683, 257, 2863, 284, 4474, 465, 1204, 994, 11, 290, 1282, 503, 351, 257, 1365, 20527, 379, 3047, 1413, 13, 198, 198, 26133, 11, 1160, 2805, 2321, 198, 198, 31080, 31528, 293, 333, 10357, 465, 3451, 656, 262, 4860, 30224, 198, 198, 40, 1100, 1909, 326, 3899, 40238, 290, 4995, 23133, 68, 7058, 6584, 470, 423, 587, 3350, 572, 422, 262, 33664, 3805, 511, 49901, 2842, 11, 326, 318, 1595, 470, 2300, 355, 890, 355, 484, 4439, 11, 1201, 49901, 1239, 5938, 13145, 31528, 293, 333, 329, 1672, 13, 1675, 543, 314, 1101, 781, 397, 3900, 8992, 290, 1005, 419, 25, 366, 7841, 1112, 1239, 5938, 13145, 31528, 293, 333, 1701, 1867, 466, 345, 910, 546, 465, 938, 1440, 393, 1936, 7028, 351, 262, 1074, 30, 15176, 777, 12733, 286, 257, 2137, 286, 465, 7401, 30, 198, 198, 4342, 389, 465, 9756, 11, 351, 465, 717, 1622, 287, 16101, 5610, 11, 477, 262, 835, 284, 465, 938, 530, 351, 262, 33664, 287, 12844, 12, 5332, 13, 198, 198, 4790, 2808, 3439, 5598, 4764, 198, 2154, 2579, 2681, 5996, 6885, 198, 4790, 2310, 3439, 7265, 2808, 198, 2154, 7192, 7930, 15136, 5214, 198, 1795, 7265, 8644, 13151, 4570, 198, 1795, 7265, 4019, 21056, 1160, 198, 3695, 3126, 7724, 21761, 2608, 198, 1795, 6740, 8541, 20248, 2579, 198, 4524, 2026, 5441, 13151, 1105, 198, 4349, 2681, 5946, 4317, 2808, 198, 2791, 2681, 7632, 9508, 1987, 198, 3104, 2681, 5125, 8684, 1105, 198, 1795, 1542, 2319, 4317, 678, 198, 1129, 362, 513, 642, 838, 198, 198, 40, 1100, 1194, 1281, 1909, 326, 4161, 912, 503, 262, 1468, 32463, 326, 262, 15976, 282, 286, 14430, 24154, 11, 14465, 8858, 446, 290, 35437, 20607, 7626, 16464, 42659, 13145, 416, 5137, 683, 319, 262, 5544, 1627, 290, 564, 246, 3174, 447, 247, 683, 284, 8058, 13, 770, 530, 1107, 16461, 287, 616, 27784, 13, 220, 1849, 19457, 11, 1115, 3730, 3025, 1693, 340, 318, 284, 4771, 262, 1266, 1074, 1744, 290, 1592, 262, 5454, 705, 9727, 6, 511, 705, 13466, 6, 2137, 711, 319, 262, 5544, 1627, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 13145, 31528, 293, 333, 550, 16552, 1328, 393, 379, 1551, 7019, 515, 465, 7722, 290, 9216, 290, 584, 18136, 15938, 11, 611, 339, 2492, 447, 247, 83, 503, 49901, 477, 1755, 7987, 11, 339, 561, 423, 44828, 572, 656, 262, 10861, 812, 286, 465, 3451, 588, 5689, 13231, 291, 393, 6542, 575, 89, 2224, 750, 13, 1119, 16573, 290, 12572, 511, 711, 284, 2872, 511, 1931, 7656, 4678, 290, 262, 1074, 2476, 13, 383, 1738, 339, 4444, 510, 319, 262, 5544, 1627, 290, 4191, 503, 286, 262, 4652, 318, 286, 465, 898, 1804, 13, 679, 318, 262, 1772, 286, 465, 898, 24672, 13, 198, 198, 3792, 13145, 31528, 293, 333, 257, 15444, 4293, 284, 617, 4922, 30, 9170, 257, 4719, 13, 8920, 339, 257, 3236, 4588, 319, 502, 3957, 510, 11, 290, 262, 1688, 1738, 356, 1839, 1440, 14167, 41611, 287, 262, 2739, 10037, 444, 30, 6521, 11, 773, 549, 14829, 13, 887, 373, 339, 4137, 503, 286, 262, 4652, 416, 26592, 3386, 1028, 543, 339, 373, 34209, 30, 3363, 11, 475, 691, 611, 345, 389, 9759, 284, 262, 50185, 286, 13230, 13, 198, 198, 1532, 13145, 550, 991, 587, 1787, 889, 1542, 12, 1821, 4661, 257, 1622, 290, 373, 991, 530, 286, 262, 1266, 1341, 8605, 287, 262, 4652, 11, 35437, 20607, 7626, 561, 423, 587, 691, 1165, 3772, 284, 711, 683, 37952, 11, 290, 14465, 8858, 446, 561, 423, 4030, 256, 5430, 319, 812, 284, 465, 8592, 13, 198, 198, 32718, 9817, 11, 21204, 21000, 260, 16774, 68, 559, 389, 257, 922, 923, 319, 262, 835, 736, 284, 2461, 1799, 198, 198, 40, 447, 247, 76, 2111, 284, 4929, 510, 284, 262, 10386, 357, 3642, 31257, 444, 8, 286, 262, 1110, 7346, 262, 12871, 33664, 13, 198, 198, 3198, 318, 262, 7440, 454, 326, 24688, 17958, 1559, 468, 281, 4381, 287, 7989, 351, 9925, 9817, 326, 339, 481, 307, 262, 1306, 33664, 3985, 11, 290, 340, 481, 307, 3414, 379, 1622, 338, 886, 13, 198, 198, 40, 447, 247, 76, 4084, 319, 1700, 355, 852, 287, 7075, 286, 9925, 9817, 852, 262, 1306, 3985, 286, 262, 33664, 11, 3805, 617, 286, 262, 45464, 21954, 3181, 6071, 416, 867, 13, 314, 2982, 683, 852, 12299, 319, 5243, 11, 290, 339, 857, 2128, 15345, 290, 22677, 11, 340, 447, 247, 82, 2861, 257, 6004, 11, 290, 340, 447, 247, 82, 3729, 257, 1487, 422, 262, 40315, 10455, 356, 3285, 422, 262, 1459, 33664, 40560, 70, 524, 13, 198, 198, 48464, 611, 339, 447, 247, 82, 11191, 351, 262, 826, 29488, 357, 28825, 364, 12606, 25, 13633, 12652, 290, 13145, 23699, 46533, 828, 314, 892, 339, 468, 262, 2785, 284, 6121, 674, 1074, 422, 530, 326, 2499, 845, 1327, 284, 3368, 1972, 7781, 319, 290, 11481, 1592, 284, 530, 326, 1341, 689, 319, 284, 5471, 374, 2973, 290, 1786, 7338, 517, 286, 262, 2461, 290, 772, 3252, 286, 3763, 353, 19002, 13, 198, 198, 1858, 389, 4632, 3967, 3651, 546, 350, 13, 32, 13, 16774, 68, 559, 290, 262, 5885, 326, 339, 3011, 281, 2897, 422, 290, 4191, 5895, 351, 262, 33664, 11, 475, 617, 3385, 1010, 290, 257, 1310, 38364, 379, 339, 852, 262, 1306, 46754, 38656, 564, 246, 82, 37716, 447, 247, 286, 262, 1074, 13, 2893, 428, 468, 587, 257, 5802, 1622, 11, 612, 447, 247, 82, 645, 761, 284, 651, 12922, 13, 1002, 356, 447, 247, 260, 407, 612, 1541, 13, 198, 198, 5122, 1074, 2476, 9481, 7401, 11, 356, 389, 1327, 510, 284, 6070, 503, 257, 9354, 11, 356, 779, 35297, 447, 247, 364, 508, 3588, 447, 247, 83, 3492, 1865, 329, 262, 1263, 16861, 3058, 13, 1002, 339, 15449, 262, 1074, 11, 356, 423, 30601, 257, 1263, 3236, 7604, 11, 287, 326, 356, 423, 517, 9689, 11, 7401, 11, 290, 356, 423, 38034, 281, 35297, 447, 247, 263, 736, 866, 284, 262, 21423, 13, 775, 460, 1239, 423, 1165, 881, 7401, 11, 2592, 618, 345, 2074, 326, 6821, 481, 34893, 1927, 7888, 503, 262, 27638, 13, 198, 198, 1722, 1290, 355, 465, 15587, 11, 484, 389, 30902, 287, 326, 484, 1577, 514, 257, 7606, 4621, 13, 679, 468, 257, 2614, 2776, 351, 3271, 2935, 71, 1501, 15152, 290, 3667, 339, 3382, 284, 711, 994, 13, 679, 1244, 772, 1011, 257, 20994, 9780, 284, 466, 523, 13, 775, 423, 257, 1178, 4116, 356, 460, 711, 994, 11, 530, 286, 606, 852, 257, 3236, 49163, 326, 28488, 82, 503, 9481, 447, 247, 364, 508, 423, 257, 2705, 4136, 329, 262, 1074, 11, 1309, 447, 247, 82, 779, 428, 13, 770, 318, 262, 6697, 3074, 286, 262, 1339, 810, 356, 447, 247, 67, 423, 284, 625, 15577, 7806, 25866, 35979, 329, 683, 284, 1282, 994, 11, 1201, 339, 1595, 447, 247, 83, 1988, 5137, 319, 262, 5870, 35685, 13, 198, 198, 818, 262, 845, 890, 1570, 11, 340, 318, 1593, 326, 3988, 3957, 510, 287, 46345, 9423, 1842, 262, 33664, 290, 7564, 2405, 287, 262, 1074, 11, 290, 257, 1643, 286, 262, 1074, 287, 2405, 13, 770, 18616, 517, 25837, 3296, 508, 481, 1104, 262, 1074, 11, 290, 517, 1938, 508, 4320, 286, 1642, 340, 284, 262, 9481, 290, 5762, 262, 7245, 84, 12, 2436, 1192, 12, 472, 469, 13, 554, 262, 9588, 12, 11128, 995, 356, 2107, 287, 11, 428, 318, 281, 1593, 10039, 5743, 356, 423, 319, 262, 520, 12, 32117, 15261, 290, 262, 4744, 17782, 13, 1002, 24688, 17958, 1559, 14759, 1997, 11, 340, 2476, 284, 307, 326, 612, 1276, 307, 257, 1913, 11, 38259, 11, 7016, 4637, 1022, 262, 3296, 290, 443, 1834, 2671, 19257, 2821, 13, 198, 198, 14698, 6292, 326, 11, 356, 460, 2221, 284, 2453, 326, 8415, 1770, 13, 16774, 68, 559, 11, 393, 26931, 1957, 1938, 290, 8415, 1957, 1479, 6554, 11, 290, 12965, 49847, 11070, 318, 407, 655, 257, 28858, 279, 4066, 284, 262, 7379, 5263, 14568, 11, 475, 257, 3288, 4197, 329, 428, 1074, 290, 530, 326, 19299, 890, 12, 4354, 26360, 326, 389, 7069, 284, 36336, 13, 198, 198, 19844, 11, 1596, 2805, 2321, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 628, 198, 5840, 45211, 319, 1320, 447, 247, 82, 17277, 362, 399, 578, 198, 198, 10723, 278, 1320, 447, 247, 82, 17277, 362, 399, 578, 357, 6724, 1399, 318, 9005, 262, 2452, 9920, 319, 428, 905, 10091, 290, 7939, 360, 22297, 7204, 1139, 564, 250, 19962, 22044, 16528, 3607, 262, 703, 9892, 466, 1118, 284, 262, 12871, 9366, 805, 11, 314, 1975, 326, 447, 247, 82, 2935, 73, 1501, 15152, 447, 251, 13, 843, 340, 447, 247, 82, 407, 257, 46517, 11, 339, 16293, 340, 355, 257, 3272, 1022, 564, 246, 5960, 73, 446, 1040, 447, 247, 290, 564, 246, 35, 5069, 1501, 15152, 447, 247, 13, 6543, 579, 1536, 6542, 30559, 293, 292, 1005, 9741, 25, 564, 250, 40, 892, 326, 373, 16320, 22304, 7491, 2395, 1682, 11, 1271, 6740, 12237, 13, 198, 198, 464, 22383, 1271, 373, 612, 1598, 355, 1110, 11, 1271, 8190, 11, 340, 373, 1305, 2634, 67, 2634, 1173, 520, 12, 21306, 271, 508, 1392, 390, 9091, 416, 1770, 13, 22044, 16528, 13, 198, 198, 2437, 555, 33163, 318, 340, 329, 777, 734, 25573, 82, 284, 655, 8539, 340, 588, 326, 30, 2437, 1327, 318, 340, 284, 2198, 262, 48803, 319, 262, 983, 26871, 319, 198, 198, 2215, 314, 2912, 319, 428, 2524, 314, 1011, 642, 4201, 284, 2198, 393, 15312, 393, 4476, 10082, 988, 11, 314, 836, 447, 247, 83, 910, 564, 250, 40, 892, 1399, 447, 251, 11, 314, 1181, 257, 1109, 13, 2312, 3730, 423, 23033, 11, 257, 4466, 11, 484, 423, 645, 12226, 13, 198, 198, 1858, 447, 247, 82, 517, 13, 1119, 302, 21542, 262, 3061, 257, 3155, 286, 2431, 1568, 11, 290, 1770, 13, 360, 22297, 7204, 1139, 7806, 22044, 16528, 857, 262, 564, 250, 2437, 9892, 360, 702, 88, 319, 257, 2651, 612, 11, 407, 257, 9366, 805, 11580, 447, 251, 198, 198, 1532, 345, 447, 247, 260, 523, 10061, 319, 644, 447, 247, 82, 1016, 319, 11, 523, 10416, 326, 340, 45121, 3694, 319, 534, 14604, 11, 836, 447, 247, 83, 345, 655, 2245, 10708, 262, 9073, 290, 466, 534, 26131, 290, 1282, 736, 1752, 345, 447, 247, 303, 1392, 534, 6419, 3892, 30, 198, 198, 20610, 11, 1467, 2805, 2321, 198, 198, 8777, 7724, 25, 5575, 29350, 282, 352, 11, 14074, 362, 357, 2394, 8, 198, 198, 464, 33664, 651, 257, 327, 329, 3626, 290, 257, 412, 329, 2482, 13, 1119, 2809, 4066, 257, 4538, 12, 9150, 12, 39390, 4035, 2994, 416, 10938, 319, 11, 287, 262, 1986, 286, 257, 4747, 12, 1415, 6934, 12, 261, 12, 35231, 21407, 11, 284, 257, 352, 12, 16, 9001, 9839, 11, 290, 22094, 510, 262, 1592, 287, 17820, 13, 1629, 428, 2494, 356, 821, 1016, 284, 2121, 287, 262, 33864, 379, 257, 13611, 8761, 621, 262, 21249, 25479, 13, 198, 198, 1858, 318, 257, 6016, 1735, 13, 2750, 6078, 284, 262, 22195, 11, 356, 3142, 606, 284, 22563, 477, 262, 835, 284, 1218, 1295, 11, 12047, 262, 6658, 359, 803, 27607, 284, 14024, 287, 262, 8785, 11, 351, 8783, 286, 2614, 4925, 357, 1268, 33700, 4810, 3824, 6158, 36821, 10185, 23917, 6, 51, 50029, 4944, 14418, 2257, 6981, 45909, 0, 7283, 33930, 5626, 39, 2751, 5390, 8410, 13315, 33700, 19878, 13775, 10725, 5222, 7054, 317, 367, 4503, 20373, 28180, 1137, 8133, 5045, 5658, 3756, 262, 1509, 2049, 13, 198, 198, 5122, 6510, 3088, 1327, 287, 257, 835, 13, 775, 460, 6818, 428, 416, 17965, 319, 511, 7389, 5170, 30721, 11, 23482, 484, 2923, 572, 860, 1176, 26024, 11, 543, 1595, 470, 1645, 1231, 257, 1256, 286, 15488, 290, 2356, 13, 16981, 8518, 402, 2398, 274, 11, 508, 10226, 838, 6934, 11, 290, 42884, 18063, 27541, 721, 11, 508, 2826, 1105, 286, 465, 2681, 2431, 39147, 12249, 13, 1867, 373, 4814, 373, 257, 1310, 1643, 286, 7506, 393, 5536, 13, 314, 2497, 7152, 2634, 20576, 4188, 290, 6047, 2635, 442, 1018, 2667, 1327, 284, 22647, 736, 329, 736, 41004, 10741, 11, 475, 612, 373, 257, 18525, 287, 511, 14121, 11, 355, 611, 484, 547, 9489, 257, 7077, 11, 355, 611, 484, 547, 2111, 1327, 329, 262, 9073, 290, 262, 11070, 11, 2048, 3501, 2405, 19756, 2853, 12455, 11, 2427, 286, 852, 7986, 416, 257, 13763, 329, 6078, 290, 257, 16460, 329, 262, 20695, 13, 554, 24820, 11, 1111, 6204, 510, 290, 5025, 33051, 355, 2582, 355, 484, 12606, 262, 698, 2731, 500, 11, 511, 1693, 9775, 1760, 13, 198, 198, 17784, 88, 7886, 373, 3608, 11, 2048, 8668, 287, 5291, 514, 287, 262, 983, 13, 679, 468, 257, 1178, 45642, 1871, 5575, 29350, 282, 3296, 11, 475, 2722, 2147, 475, 458, 3885, 896, 422, 262, 17277, 5265, 287, 3340, 7025, 5462, 11, 3805, 511, 12395, 6586, 10690, 13, 679, 373, 3417, 355, 257, 28422, 290, 257, 645, 12, 49334, 3572, 329, 262, 1946, 4816, 3340, 8244, 13, 775, 815, 48303, 683, 290, 11148, 284, 1011, 683, 329, 7520, 13, 198, 198, 464, 4930, 290, 257, 13139, 6065, 1627, 1422, 470, 651, 319, 262, 50198, 11, 543, 2925, 257, 890, 835, 287, 11170, 428, 2994, 13, 1002, 428, 1074, 318, 1016, 284, 423, 257, 2863, 284, 1592, 11, 484, 460, 470, 423, 281, 572, 12, 3847, 13, 775, 2497, 1141, 262, 983, 7025, 5436, 6319, 72, 9997, 774, 1719, 2456, 319, 262, 7624, 11, 7478, 351, 350, 13, 42, 13, 3834, 3820, 11, 706, 262, 6846, 1908, 257, 10701, 422, 262, 966, 319, 262, 1176, 1759, 379, 683, 379, 1027, 75, 5910, 25980, 11, 981, 339, 373, 2111, 284, 3159, 262, 14173, 31071, 13, 383, 6276, 5462, 788, 2826, 2961, 9640, 286, 262, 1176, 1759, 8244, 8263, 510, 262, 711, 319, 262, 4771, 1141, 257, 2270, 11, 351, 22722, 11768, 38875, 8861, 11, 290, 5436, 33051, 572, 351, 257, 895, 14232, 319, 465, 1986, 11, 355, 611, 339, 2993, 644, 373, 2406, 13, 22722, 468, 550, 2428, 351, 350, 13, 42, 2637, 82, 2823, 878, 11, 314, 4240, 611, 340, 373, 287, 262, 736, 286, 465, 2000, 355, 339, 1297, 5436, 366, 1639, 467, 1302, 287, 2166, 286, 262, 2010, 11, 314, 1053, 1760, 616, 2648, 428, 614, 1541, 526, 198, 198, 13828, 2222, 284, 2000, 262, 1808, 11, 1521, 389, 262, 3730, 8263, 510, 511, 5341, 355, 611, 484, 821, 2712, 40465, 3281, 11, 2427, 286, 511, 3985, 30, 4162, 318, 1770, 13, 327, 403, 1681, 9268, 1719, 257, 4384, 351, 465, 2368, 27356, 9366, 805, 5180, 5425, 11106, 1141, 257, 3195, 26827, 11, 290, 1521, 857, 1770, 13, 5425, 11106, 1254, 29669, 284, 1005, 419, 290, 2148, 465, 5009, 319, 262, 2426, 30, 198, 198, 17798, 2547, 46342, 20524, 531, 326, 705, 5832, 389, 644, 534, 1700, 1139, 345, 389, 3256, 523, 1239, 2000, 546, 2785, 290, 6821, 11, 611, 345, 821, 287, 938, 1295, 345, 821, 257, 938, 1295, 1074, 13, 554, 1770, 13, 327, 403, 1681, 9268, 338, 1339, 11, 339, 1718, 257, 29956, 1074, 362, 2173, 503, 286, 257, 13119, 4136, 290, 2900, 340, 656, 257, 2089, 1074, 290, 10357, 340, 284, 262, 4220, 286, 262, 33864, 13, 1406, 11, 772, 14121, 287, 2000, 326, 339, 373, 1234, 287, 257, 2408, 3074, 11, 339, 318, 644, 465, 1700, 9217, 13, 679, 1276, 307, 6928, 1306, 1622, 13, 314, 1183, 9585, 326, 314, 765, 257, 3985, 508, 1183, 2148, 1913, 5531, 11, 290, 481, 1234, 281, 886, 284, 262, 275, 624, 1586, 319, 262, 7624, 290, 1022, 1938, 13, 2011, 36793, 11, 355, 5081, 878, 11, 561, 307, 284, 11078, 9925, 9817, 11, 257, 1913, 15347, 582, 351, 18031, 508, 1839, 470, 21923, 48949, 11, 290, 508, 1183, 787, 262, 13404, 1057, 319, 640, 13, 198, 198, 49488, 262, 32868, 13, 1514, 367, 8937, 467, 0, 1400, 2063, 12, 47336, 13, 7178, 15828, 11, 393, 4425, 11, 475, 645, 9001, 9839, 3387, 13, 198, 198, 10814, 6332, 1416, 1603, 0, 357, 19, 8, 198, 198, 10814, 17551, 679, 3400, 0, 13707, 1262, 262, 1573, 705, 9948, 76, 1108, 3256, 340, 338, 13114, 284, 751, 262, 35488, 705, 1108, 6, 284, 705, 9948, 76, 6, 284, 1210, 340, 656, 257, 23227, 11, 340, 338, 1541, 257, 23227, 13, 4162, 467, 4375, 281, 3131, 27226, 540, 284, 257, 1573, 38347, 11, 22978, 318, 546, 3773, 290, 1262, 262, 705, 27926, 655, 68, 4458, 16238, 11, 340, 5238, 12361, 11, 340, 338, 257, 925, 510, 1573, 588, 705, 5589, 316, 1387, 6, 393, 705, 411, 2403, 1387, 3256, 340, 338, 257, 4274, 12, 47350, 1573, 326, 468, 14713, 13, 632, 5238, 649, 290, 7895, 11, 475, 340, 1107, 2125, 470, 13, 1002, 345, 765, 284, 910, 326, 31612, 7886, 318, 4478, 257, 1256, 286, 9480, 11, 655, 910, 326, 11, 3446, 588, 326, 13, 843, 1560, 477, 534, 1310, 35548, 508, 1561, 546, 5701, 329, 257, 2877, 284, 466, 20467, 13, 13707, 1262, 9480, 1108, 13, 843, 581, 2403, 1387, 13, 198, 198, 27150, 11, 1478, 2805, 2321, 198, 198, 8777, 9166, 25, 5575, 29350, 282, 513, 11, 14074, 362, 357, 15821, 8, 198, 198, 1212, 468, 587, 257, 5802, 3155, 286, 1528, 329, 428, 33664, 4336, 11, 355, 339, 16860, 465, 584, 12507, 1074, 11, 262, 2986, 9500, 23559, 11, 852, 44001, 416, 9588, 1451, 18895, 13, 383, 32299, 1359, 286, 1938, 287, 290, 503, 351, 645, 9110, 329, 262, 3296, 6, 18231, 329, 1938, 484, 423, 7334, 284, 760, 290, 1842, 625, 262, 7028, 318, 530, 286, 262, 44497, 286, 262, 4652, 326, 1838, 262, 5134, 1107, 5802, 284, 1842, 3360, 13, 198, 198, 464, 9481, 2125, 470, 10900, 284, 883, 2428, 11, 3584, 340, 318, 281, 1502, 286, 14735, 4615, 287, 19440, 13, 317, 1074, 460, 1745, 319, 284, 663, 749, 1593, 1938, 290, 2251, 257, 4755, 11, 788, 25393, 262, 9354, 351, 25514, 19885, 625, 867, 7028, 13, 198, 198, 464, 33664, 973, 284, 423, 39235, 26564, 6795, 290, 10159, 11, 543, 6364, 44699, 1141, 262, 26101, 25665, 358, 805, 812, 11, 4735, 1431, 1141, 262, 13580, 286, 14465, 8858, 446, 11, 290, 788, 14707, 739, 262, 25155, 3638, 286, 47957, 73, 11025, 33790, 293, 11, 674, 845, 898, 2196, 286, 281, 3098, 12, 22622, 292, 13, 775, 1807, 326, 262, 5811, 21686, 2959, 12, 31080, 23699, 46533, 40560, 70, 524, 561, 900, 262, 4074, 319, 262, 826, 1781, 11, 290, 262, 938, 734, 7028, 6, 2482, 1141, 262, 12980, 3947, 284, 7603, 32686, 28499, 4058, 13, 198, 198, 13828, 6774, 514, 284, 428, 1622, 13, 383, 33664, 1283, 2048, 31170, 11, 6007, 286, 922, 284, 1049, 13289, 11, 351, 11660, 10856, 3756, 262, 835, 11, 393, 286, 1234, 6058, 47280, 810, 2063, 262, 9354, 1595, 470, 1283, 9481, 12, 18275, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 5373, 1028, 14074, 373, 1194, 20936, 286, 644, 428, 1074, 460, 307, 6007, 286, 13, 383, 1271, 530, 1627, 17607, 510, 290, 866, 262, 4771, 11, 7558, 11123, 284, 4776, 11, 290, 1239, 22966, 278, 319, 3626, 13, 8518, 402, 2398, 274, 290, 350, 13, 42, 13, 3834, 3820, 547, 257, 2050, 287, 32150, 256, 392, 5232, 11, 351, 1770, 13, 402, 2398, 274, 32698, 465, 1767, 284, 2512, 6934, 290, 1494, 12970, 11, 981, 350, 13, 42, 13, 318, 281, 47029, 803, 5859, 2700, 11, 508, 318, 1913, 290, 3049, 319, 465, 1341, 689, 290, 17289, 262, 20695, 880, 11, 290, 973, 257, 3621, 15980, 2823, 284, 900, 510, 3271, 2935, 71, 1501, 15152, 6, 825, 1564, 319, 262, 1218, 3061, 13, 10948, 72, 2940, 709, 550, 257, 517, 38724, 983, 621, 465, 717, 734, 11, 351, 645, 23685, 319, 14148, 393, 537, 2954, 364, 319, 9366, 11, 475, 351, 790, 32922, 481, 4735, 1958, 674, 6628, 326, 339, 481, 28232, 465, 1303, 16, 4136, 319, 262, 9366, 6795, 8262, 11, 290, 4574, 2506, 2073, 257, 1057, 70, 866, 11, 5699, 284, 810, 484, 5594, 13, 31612, 7886, 373, 262, 4735, 11, 6628, 12, 1040, 12987, 31071, 508, 481, 18021, 674, 1074, 329, 262, 1306, 5707, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1334, 286, 262, 9354, 318, 47655, 351, 1808, 8849, 13, 775, 460, 3853, 284, 1975, 326, 428, 373, 257, 530, 12, 2364, 11, 257, 698, 541, 286, 257, 1622, 543, 481, 307, 13621, 1431, 416, 1306, 1622, 11, 351, 530, 393, 734, 44551, 67, 1479, 12, 25781, 33683, 290, 262, 1441, 284, 1535, 286, 8403, 402, 295, 8326, 11, 19804, 4270, 268, 290, 16320, 22304, 7491, 2395, 13, 2773, 286, 262, 1877, 12, 525, 687, 364, 319, 428, 1074, 481, 307, 14789, 319, 284, 2835, 503, 262, 9354, 2158, 11, 290, 284, 6107, 10421, 618, 6821, 5587, 13, 11582, 481, 407, 6646, 307, 286, 517, 1037, 621, 340, 373, 428, 1622, 11, 356, 481, 423, 281, 25065, 286, 1862, 1938, 612, 508, 389, 477, 379, 1551, 1194, 1622, 1497, 422, 852, 1498, 284, 8676, 13, 198, 198, 13921, 42884, 18063, 27541, 721, 1441, 284, 1296, 1306, 614, 11, 351, 1365, 22774, 689, 290, 257, 3424, 27589, 30, 8314, 7152, 2634, 20576, 4188, 4439, 262, 2938, 15113, 88, 1679, 4661, 11, 1863, 351, 465, 922, 670, 319, 7389, 5170, 7077, 30, 2141, 31239, 412, 6051, 290, 5593, 1004, 2436, 1192, 2555, 511, 17085, 290, 1716, 1913, 11, 3218, 20420, 30, 8314, 4422, 20295, 2295, 27176, 2555, 284, 1205, 355, 257, 1218, 27356, 9366, 805, 508, 7127, 588, 257, 4512, 290, 2523, 617, 45419, 5859, 5032, 30, 8314, 2035, 575, 1236, 624, 28137, 393, 12281, 3099, 26689, 75, 26899, 393, 1111, 1716, 4050, 9481, 9366, 3653, 706, 257, 2408, 33422, 416, 2046, 11, 611, 511, 15171, 389, 5322, 20431, 30, 198, 198, 4711, 2683, 389, 1593, 287, 326, 287, 1708, 262, 1074, 523, 7173, 428, 614, 340, 318, 5340, 284, 407, 1716, 7223, 284, 777, 3730, 290, 765, 262, 1266, 329, 606, 13, 314, 765, 606, 284, 1205, 1978, 11, 17033, 290, 355, 257, 1074, 13, 314, 836, 470, 765, 257, 13279, 929, 290, 257, 6611, 929, 329, 262, 11060, 286, 1487, 11, 351, 257, 2187, 26891, 286, 649, 6698, 11, 617, 40851, 1348, 416, 1719, 12666, 262, 2642, 22551, 13, 314, 765, 379, 1551, 617, 286, 262, 6510, 508, 1282, 284, 11582, 1306, 1622, 284, 307, 287, 674, 4009, 329, 511, 2187, 3451, 11, 290, 284, 384, 538, 656, 262, 9354, 290, 17565, 262, 3968, 290, 1208, 340, 319, 284, 262, 1306, 5270, 13, 314, 765, 257, 1074, 13, 314, 836, 470, 765, 284, 11, 355, 13075, 1001, 47187, 1234, 340, 11, 655, 14042, 262, 25724, 11, 14042, 262, 8187, 290, 407, 1337, 508, 318, 2641, 262, 22383, 11, 508, 17326, 340, 290, 703, 484, 466, 340, 13, 198, 198, 464, 23559, 319, 3321, 2005, 17068, 1982, 26538, 11, 257, 1364, 9761, 286, 13964, 23250, 11, 7401, 290, 6991, 11, 780, 339, 318, 7195, 422, 26234, 5721, 290, 26234, 15050, 2428, 339, 23436, 379, 1551, 11476, 981, 2712, 329, 606, 13, 632, 373, 257, 2612, 1203, 11, 11441, 1445, 326, 318, 3190, 20586, 290, 9377, 1864, 284, 5134, 3173, 13, 383, 1109, 326, 339, 468, 257, 705, 28484, 6, 318, 286, 645, 1330, 13, 679, 318, 783, 257, 12247, 11, 290, 1276, 307, 4615, 422, 262, 9354, 13, 1002, 1744, 11, 339, 481, 307, 302, 12, 32696, 329, 257, 2793, 2033, 11, 290, 772, 1342, 19026, 319, 465, 9588, 13, 36651, 326, 338, 407, 2642, 13, 775, 821, 407, 4385, 284, 1337, 326, 356, 34767, 329, 428, 3516, 329, 812, 11, 326, 339, 2826, 379, 257, 1041, 8693, 1241, 329, 674, 1074, 379, 262, 2526, 286, 465, 1535, 290, 3863, 772, 465, 1204, 13, 775, 1183, 22517, 262, 1306, 3516, 30601, 287, 465, 4136, 13, 198, 198, 40, 765, 262, 39350, 3420, 319, 262, 33664, 284, 2245, 13, 314, 836, 470, 765, 31612, 7886, 284, 466, 465, 12317, 278, 22620, 9122, 319, 1194, 1074, 13, 314, 765, 3271, 2935, 71, 1501, 15152, 284, 2555, 284, 1663, 355, 257, 2137, 287, 674, 8187, 11, 407, 329, 683, 284, 307, 14018, 981, 465, 1988, 318, 1029, 13, 314, 765, 26134, 38580, 290, 5436, 6319, 72, 9997, 774, 290, 42884, 18063, 27541, 721, 284, 8058, 355, 33664, 13, 314, 760, 340, 318, 11, 475, 318, 340, 1107, 1165, 881, 284, 1265, 30, 198, 198, 23810, 11, 1105, 2805, 2321, 198, 198, 8777, 4317, 25, 5575, 29350, 282, 362, 11, 14905, 513, 357, 2394, 8, 198, 198, 6610, 2612, 25766, 287, 517, 2842, 621, 530, 13, 775, 9839, 340, 510, 351, 530, 1218, 1364, 284, 4574, 262, 983, 656, 17820, 11, 691, 284, 4425, 11, 290, 307, 17766, 992, 351, 257, 2994, 290, 262, 9001, 9839, 966, 11, 543, 857, 2147, 284, 9494, 674, 4538, 3722, 13, 775, 1394, 6078, 1830, 475, 10868, 510, 257, 966, 11, 340, 2331, 11732, 8751, 27083, 6880, 7043, 14867, 3588, 470, 3910, 326, 356, 389, 287, 257, 3234, 284, 262, 4220, 11, 46852, 1028, 262, 2266, 12944, 11487, 25479, 287, 257, 33117, 286, 262, 554, 19598, 13, 198, 198, 27467, 540, 983, 19018, 13, 28016, 2279, 3947, 284, 3904, 287, 21165, 290, 10930, 11, 356, 547, 736, 284, 262, 976, 1468, 3496, 11, 351, 262, 717, 1627, 4955, 477, 262, 14148, 11, 475, 351, 257, 1180, 4405, 351, 10948, 72, 2940, 709, 736, 13, 8989, 11, 10948, 72, 3947, 772, 517, 13006, 287, 428, 983, 11, 523, 674, 10251, 326, 465, 5536, 3638, 3436, 481, 10701, 514, 284, 19646, 1295, 287, 262, 33864, 460, 307, 477, 16548, 13, 775, 761, 284, 307, 12219, 290, 1833, 326, 339, 338, 1016, 832, 262, 2802, 286, 477, 3047, 11665, 11, 1719, 407, 2826, 287, 734, 7028, 290, 1804, 523, 351, 257, 10329, 339, 2476, 284, 2193, 284, 3774, 757, 13, 632, 1183, 1282, 11, 290, 3805, 617, 17188, 340, 2331, 22363, 1865, 326, 284, 711, 683, 287, 674, 5637, 22581, 286, 1830, 318, 922, 4811, 13, 198, 198, 31258, 72, 373, 4978, 503, 286, 2292, 11, 6056, 81, 3875, 523, 11, 319, 257, 3155, 286, 12432, 11, 290, 373, 319, 262, 4771, 329, 477, 1115, 14905, 4661, 13, 1318, 547, 7380, 38306, 286, 5536, 621, 319, 3909, 11, 475, 465, 4451, 82, 290, 12217, 2565, 44193, 832, 319, 262, 9839, 278, 3061, 287, 262, 2457, 4201, 286, 9001, 13, 2329, 878, 11, 262, 45899, 550, 8523, 7891, 262, 20695, 503, 286, 511, 6516, 290, 547, 546, 284, 16481, 281, 5629, 12, 805, 10484, 319, 284, 262, 33664, 6565, 12, 3262, 13, 632, 561, 423, 587, 983, 625, 355, 2582, 355, 484, 2067, 33051, 11, 2845, 326, 10948, 72, 9380, 1100, 262, 711, 11, 37857, 326, 612, 373, 645, 966, 287, 10589, 736, 284, 4404, 262, 6565, 2010, 11, 290, 2427, 6757, 1740, 510, 290, 13999, 262, 20695, 11920, 11, 21500, 262, 20695, 1479, 290, 15882, 262, 33664, 284, 21509, 7797, 13, 10948, 72, 460, 1100, 262, 711, 290, 460, 307, 8361, 11, 290, 2476, 284, 1064, 262, 3772, 7090, 783, 326, 339, 338, 407, 4203, 2407, 355, 36710, 319, 465, 1341, 689, 11, 475, 428, 711, 373, 5899, 3869, 11, 588, 262, 10948, 72, 2940, 709, 286, 1468, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 788, 612, 338, 4746, 33231, 11, 508, 757, 2810, 514, 351, 257, 13646, 286, 465, 287, 10760, 6517, 319, 465, 717, 6482, 286, 262, 983, 13, 679, 373, 5055, 572, 262, 1364, 8539, 1735, 286, 262, 45899, 6, 2010, 11, 7725, 329, 257, 23623, 981, 465, 22774, 689, 7384, 262, 2166, 286, 262, 2010, 11, 618, 262, 20695, 2809, 48357, 1479, 287, 465, 2276, 4571, 11, 475, 1162, 81, 4262, 416, 262, 14905, 9366, 805, 13, 679, 925, 257, 1445, 355, 611, 339, 373, 1016, 284, 503, 2704, 962, 1770, 13, 33231, 1863, 262, 736, 11490, 290, 788, 510, 12, 501, 11, 257, 8390, 319, 543, 1770, 13, 33231, 1643, 290, 4145, 2067, 284, 1569, 263, 287, 326, 4571, 284, 2005, 683, 572, 13, 383, 14905, 13191, 4451, 306, 3421, 4571, 290, 1816, 2157, 465, 2010, 290, 1392, 262, 20695, 503, 286, 262, 45899, 6, 6516, 13, 1439, 428, 561, 307, 1057, 12, 1659, 12, 1169, 12, 17805, 11, 2845, 326, 428, 2223, 7317, 1718, 1295, 618, 1770, 13, 33231, 373, 1342, 621, 257, 42760, 422, 262, 14905, 20695, 11920, 13, 5455, 286, 30791, 319, 262, 8390, 11, 393, 772, 1719, 284, 4724, 543, 4571, 339, 561, 467, 11, 284, 465, 5228, 393, 262, 584, 835, 1088, 262, 2010, 11, 339, 714, 423, 2391, 1234, 465, 8163, 656, 683, 13, 1892, 326, 339, 2622, 284, 2277, 262, 582, 25856, 11, 393, 326, 340, 561, 423, 2077, 881, 286, 257, 2277, 11, 465, 6125, 373, 33051, 422, 257, 1336, 2245, 11, 523, 339, 714, 423, 8500, 1143, 683, 3538, 416, 257, 2829, 11, 4096, 1767, 9122, 11, 11266, 683, 422, 262, 20695, 11, 290, 4030, 262, 3833, 319, 287, 262, 5859, 6516, 13, 198, 198, 27202, 621, 428, 11, 262, 33664, 547, 1364, 36502, 287, 511, 898, 6516, 11, 351, 262, 45899, 41719, 11, 290, 5593, 1004, 2436, 1192, 373, 1498, 284, 21742, 2241, 287, 326, 339, 750, 3446, 262, 6697, 286, 1770, 13, 33231, 290, 373, 4050, 287, 1804, 523, 13, 2893, 262, 20695, 373, 852, 45754, 1088, 11, 9925, 12612, 17167, 550, 281, 3663, 319, 5613, 10370, 1228, 338, 826, 1735, 11, 618, 257, 1474, 1461, 6129, 1625, 284, 683, 13, 679, 1278, 2668, 262, 20695, 290, 3088, 284, 1100, 14, 2934, 365, 5593, 1004, 2436, 1192, 284, 3785, 810, 339, 815, 14667, 262, 20695, 290, 788, 307, 287, 257, 2292, 284, 2686, 393, 1208, 340, 13, 1770, 13, 1004, 2436, 1192, 1422, 470, 11393, 2111, 284, 4724, 11, 339, 1422, 470, 1577, 1770, 13, 12612, 17167, 281, 3038, 11, 339, 2391, 10764, 656, 683, 290, 11266, 683, 422, 262, 20695, 13, 770, 2492, 470, 257, 845, 1327, 2277, 11, 339, 8523, 550, 2077, 257, 3155, 286, 35002, 3812, 683, 11, 475, 340, 373, 1576, 284, 466, 262, 1693, 11, 772, 611, 1770, 13, 12612, 17167, 318, 5749, 290, 7387, 13, 198, 198, 2437, 257, 281, 14584, 1143, 12302, 460, 651, 428, 826, 981, 257, 24789, 11, 5977, 88, 9298, 481, 6297, 340, 477, 625, 262, 43262, 318, 47757, 13, 17486, 345, 46436, 326, 1770, 13, 1004, 2436, 1192, 1682, 16609, 290, 1033, 2412, 3626, 13, 198, 198, 5812, 11, 290, 314, 481, 757, 1265, 477, 465, 45642, 284, 3387, 1302, 510, 290, 4727, 1865, 757, 703, 3271, 2935, 71, 1501, 15152, 318, 1165, 1402, 284, 307, 257, 1303, 16, 7372, 13, 4222, 37982, 656, 534, 1033, 418, 2634, 6493, 2370, 422, 262, 2854, 286, 14886, 2039, 21361, 11, 477, 642, 6, 24, 1600, 13454, 15785, 286, 683, 13, 198, 198, 3633, 749, 299, 592, 6962, 783, 1036, 38840, 306, 9159, 326, 3271, 468, 587, 4050, 11, 484, 1183, 991, 4161, 83, 503, 262, 1468, 43275, 326, 339, 338, 1165, 3105, 11, 339, 2476, 284, 307, 47869, 416, 262, 734, 8539, 364, 326, 339, 373, 1813, 355, 6979, 1231, 1683, 13748, 262, 826, 284, 711, 351, 606, 13, 314, 892, 356, 761, 284, 37825, 858, 674, 20527, 284, 15550, 262, 1109, 326, 1770, 13, 2935, 71, 1501, 15152, 468, 4499, 284, 711, 287, 257, 5642, 326, 3139, 4340, 319, 465, 12110, 8827, 32600, 13, 679, 5341, 10338, 621, 257, 21899, 11, 45468, 5689, 37519, 393, 17155, 4176, 13, 679, 7228, 262, 1280, 3006, 11, 47807, 287, 290, 503, 351, 2068, 1108, 326, 307, 4411, 27118, 460, 470, 2872, 13, 679, 5341, 351, 4430, 290, 5761, 11, 1201, 477, 465, 3451, 339, 468, 407, 587, 287, 257, 2292, 284, 42905, 35177, 351, 3518, 18648, 13, 1320, 1838, 683, 1327, 284, 4404, 11, 355, 465, 5370, 290, 22097, 389, 49830, 11, 22900, 13, 775, 4327, 284, 892, 326, 287, 12217, 11, 5749, 318, 6338, 1365, 11, 475, 611, 3271, 547, 642, 6, 1157, 1, 290, 19884, 15785, 11, 561, 339, 307, 326, 881, 1365, 30, 1471, 561, 339, 423, 4499, 284, 711, 262, 976, 835, 355, 2506, 2073, 290, 407, 423, 262, 18032, 12608, 326, 787, 683, 523, 4050, 287, 465, 1218, 1622, 30, 1471, 561, 339, 307, 23402, 286, 3867, 1088, 262, 4771, 287, 262, 5642, 326, 339, 857, 30, 1471, 561, 339, 651, 1126, 2434, 1863, 262, 11490, 16231, 11, 2427, 286, 1262, 465, 1877, 7372, 286, 13522, 284, 465, 4621, 11, 290, 12330, 3744, 4202, 351, 10576, 11, 2068, 1108, 290, 15440, 30, 198, 198, 3237, 314, 760, 318, 326, 465, 1208, 319, 22722, 11768, 338, 3061, 373, 1194, 8737, 13, 632, 1422, 470, 804, 2408, 11, 340, 2492, 470, 257, 3272, 12, 501, 473, 48915, 287, 1336, 5474, 11, 475, 757, 340, 373, 257, 4451, 711, 326, 37785, 262, 31071, 11, 290, 257, 1208, 326, 1816, 9154, 12, 1462, 12, 83, 1758, 13, 1550, 465, 3061, 11, 356, 2497, 257, 26160, 2834, 262, 7616, 706, 4634, 510, 262, 20695, 290, 48360, 340, 5543, 1353, 18316, 13, 6047, 7920, 550, 27803, 1973, 290, 373, 12013, 749, 286, 262, 4220, 286, 262, 2010, 351, 262, 826, 14841, 290, 465, 38731, 13, 314, 460, 892, 286, 257, 1178, 33664, 508, 561, 423, 31662, 290, 49159, 262, 20695, 656, 1770, 13, 7920, 338, 14841, 11, 475, 3271, 1718, 465, 640, 290, 1422, 470, 2051, 13, 2312, 5341, 836, 470, 1645, 14716, 625, 257, 2187, 1622, 11, 379, 530, 966, 356, 423, 284, 22517, 262, 15632, 11, 355, 314, 750, 618, 314, 49948, 572, 616, 18507, 290, 11687, 329, 8716, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 1194, 2994, 11, 1194, 30256, 966, 11, 1194, 4425, 12, 75, 577, 983, 13, 24347, 736, 262, 9839, 1830, 11, 777, 21676, 9089, 389, 4785, 621, 25847, 534, 898, 6621, 13, 198, 198, 21934, 11, 1367, 2805, 2321, 198, 198, 38848, 16175, 10924, 402, 4660, 261, 318, 257, 922, 11, 4708, 10099, 198, 198, 1858, 468, 587, 617, 34334, 287, 262, 938, 1178, 1933, 5115, 4689, 1763, 325, 22309, 50208, 402, 4660, 261, 290, 465, 670, 422, 33664, 3296, 13, 2773, 286, 340, 318, 1912, 319, 465, 6447, 286, 4995, 327, 6475, 439, 33442, 338, 6066, 878, 465, 8840, 3292, 284, 262, 25814, 13, 198, 198, 4366, 286, 340, 318, 1912, 319, 465, 5721, 5115, 262, 11501, 286, 7313, 350, 13, 42, 13, 3834, 3820, 13, 198, 198, 818, 597, 1339, 11, 612, 318, 281, 11675, 32799, 286, 428, 582, 355, 257, 285, 1347, 430, 6122, 290, 7026, 2823, 6802, 543, 318, 3190, 27858, 8520, 11, 290, 314, 561, 588, 284, 2209, 340, 523, 326, 3550, 75, 38656, 33664, 3296, 508, 2314, 1100, 465, 15180, 329, 2405, 651, 262, 1336, 1621, 11, 407, 655, 262, 7245, 265, 654, 286, 883, 508, 4391, 284, 9317, 290, 13242, 1231, 477, 262, 6419, 13, 198, 198, 818, 262, 717, 2708, 11, 4995, 327, 6475, 439, 33442, 373, 5486, 351, 1770, 13, 402, 4660, 261, 290, 314, 1975, 943, 79, 261, 6455, 84, 11, 706, 257, 517, 705, 16841, 6, 1803, 6040, 388, 11, 290, 287, 257, 2589, 618, 339, 1309, 465, 4860, 866, 290, 2192, 5486, 503, 286, 14285, 11, 339, 5081, 326, 262, 1074, 373, 18207, 290, 2712, 351, 257, 30256, 21332, 13, 679, 2087, 326, 983, 5410, 290, 4964, 983, 7328, 373, 477, 880, 290, 922, 11, 475, 326, 379, 617, 966, 262, 1074, 550, 284, 307, 3142, 284, 711, 11, 290, 407, 307, 8776, 284, 3252, 1642, 257, 7457, 13, 679, 3688, 262, 1944, 21332, 284, 326, 543, 262, 1074, 550, 319, 511, 13119, 1057, 287, 3050, 13, 679, 5081, 326, 339, 714, 467, 319, 11, 475, 326, 339, 561, 25133, 422, 1804, 523, 290, 13030, 465, 987, 17946, 315, 669, 284, 1100, 1022, 262, 3951, 13, 679, 788, 13832, 546, 465, 14158, 8079, 11, 12316, 326, 339, 373, 973, 284, 2712, 517, 618, 1965, 546, 465, 11832, 2854, 290, 3227, 428, 1622, 13, 1649, 12070, 546, 257, 1948, 711, 1141, 262, 983, 1028, 262, 15261, 319, 3269, 838, 319, 543, 339, 1364, 8982, 16644, 1252, 18838, 290, 373, 6768, 13772, 329, 257, 3061, 1028, 11, 1770, 13, 327, 6475, 439, 33442, 6292, 5798, 7317, 11, 475, 788, 2952, 825, 12609, 340, 416, 12316, 326, 339, 550, 691, 550, 1936, 11057, 1566, 326, 966, 287, 262, 3504, 286, 262, 1218, 11, 290, 339, 7685, 561, 423, 587, 517, 2950, 290, 550, 925, 366, 32041, 7821, 1, 1263, 5341, 416, 788, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 373, 2562, 284, 6179, 428, 355, 257, 1598, 2823, 379, 465, 649, 3985, 21248, 327, 403, 1681, 9268, 13, 3611, 9142, 21204, 12822, 1071, 959, 11, 508, 468, 16537, 587, 5371, 286, 1262, 1770, 13, 327, 403, 1681, 9268, 355, 257, 705, 30584, 81, 9542, 19343, 3256, 287, 326, 4554, 3888, 2952, 284, 627, 695, 428, 45419, 4517, 3541, 11, 290, 284, 3758, 257, 1598, 3275, 284, 262, 1074, 326, 6249, 3004, 290, 1633, 654, 286, 36121, 287, 262, 2056, 561, 407, 307, 28197, 11, 290, 1908, 1770, 13, 327, 6475, 439, 33442, 284, 17842, 13, 4874, 612, 11, 4995, 4893, 326, 465, 6066, 547, 4385, 284, 307, 10663, 19355, 2364, 262, 1700, 3256, 326, 1770, 13, 402, 4660, 261, 357, 8727, 339, 1422, 470, 1438, 828, 550, 32387, 465, 2456, 290, 31826, 1143, 262, 1621, 13, 679, 3947, 4084, 3772, 290, 22598, 284, 307, 503, 286, 5575, 29350, 282, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 338, 3499, 326, 7317, 1770, 13, 6455, 84, 7690, 407, 284, 7715, 262, 327, 6475, 439, 33442, 269, 380, 390, 763, 23365, 11, 981, 1770, 13, 402, 4660, 261, 750, 13, 1770, 13, 6455, 84, 743, 423, 3066, 326, 428, 373, 5600, 257, 2839, 5273, 11, 981, 1770, 13, 402, 4660, 261, 1422, 470, 13, 632, 338, 1593, 284, 3465, 326, 1770, 13, 402, 4660, 261, 318, 281, 5924, 9298, 286, 5701, 14033, 11, 9472, 1770, 13, 6455, 84, 318, 655, 21030, 278, 319, 465, 649, 3451, 13, 554, 597, 1339, 11, 314, 1690, 20315, 262, 1109, 326, 7638, 651, 477, 428, 1895, 284, 3466, 290, 511, 1938, 11, 475, 788, 836, 470, 779, 326, 1895, 11, 407, 329, 674, 4414, 6949, 13, 775, 1690, 3285, 262, 1103, 13647, 319, 257, 2137, 1752, 339, 3011, 14018, 1497, 13, 33664, 3296, 925, 17352, 9223, 77, 461, 257, 4293, 329, 607, 27939, 284, 1265, 35437, 5780, 1521, 339, 6520, 284, 711, 22722, 11768, 517, 1690, 319, 262, 1176, 1759, 11, 543, 477, 3296, 561, 9191, 379, 511, 3195, 3159, 11, 475, 543, 4844, 286, 262, 4920, 2056, 561, 4636, 28582, 379, 1803, 37134, 351, 262, 1182, 3985, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 1770, 13, 402, 4660, 261, 11, 287, 262, 2457, 3781, 11, 750, 465, 1693, 416, 6447, 262, 29656, 6299, 286, 257, 2137, 508, 373, 416, 465, 3189, 22264, 329, 257, 7846, 503, 286, 3240, 13, 679, 1422, 470, 285, 1347, 33788, 11, 339, 1422, 470, 15912, 378, 11, 339, 1297, 514, 644, 373, 1016, 319, 11, 329, 543, 356, 815, 477, 307, 25535, 13, 198, 198, 6653, 2708, 319, 257, 2785, 350, 13, 42, 13, 3834, 3820, 3292, 318, 772, 517, 8381, 11, 290, 772, 517, 33046, 290, 2984, 26263, 13, 383, 16534, 973, 373, 25, 366, 2898, 4980, 3834, 3820, 30, 4162, 1892, 1701, 2399, 5721, 2067, 416, 12316, 326, 351, 262, 33664, 22292, 287, 262, 33864, 11, 262, 3292, 12508, 28236, 290, 262, 761, 329, 257, 17884, 10678, 11, 612, 6304, 470, 597, 705, 2797, 7673, 2977, 6, 287, 262, 18544, 2119, 11, 1813, 326, 772, 13329, 35877, 89, 2584, 373, 14018, 13, 679, 788, 3393, 1275, 3508, 326, 7313, 1595, 470, 1612, 705, 13992, 3256, 290, 326, 351, 262, 7926, 1700, 286, 262, 33664, 2904, 351, 17674, 11, 326, 340, 2125, 470, 6452, 326, 428, 2426, 318, 8381, 290, 899, 3369, 281, 7016, 6317, 422, 3296, 13, 679, 788, 8341, 6096, 286, 1938, 508, 1364, 287, 6165, 2089, 17674, 884, 355, 4995, 23133, 68, 7058, 290, 36997, 536, 2634, 25102, 13, 1675, 12831, 1938, 884, 355, 6047, 3497, 48274, 1878, 11, 7651, 44919, 282, 393, 1052, 2736, 40500, 7940, 11, 508, 547, 262, 2134, 286, 867, 3296, 6, 17696, 287, 2739, 3269, 11, 339, 6688, 326, 6011, 19804, 4270, 268, 3636, 470, 34302, 13, 1318, 389, 734, 2928, 1938, 319, 262, 367, 8937, 11, 31612, 7886, 290, 350, 13, 42, 13, 3834, 3820, 11, 290, 780, 356, 389, 34065, 286, 6795, 379, 31071, 11, 356, 460, 470, 3292, 31612, 11, 4556, 257, 7165, 12, 11274, 2897, 2058, 674, 835, 13, 1406, 34193, 11, 284, 12831, 884, 3081, 1938, 11, 1770, 13, 3834, 3820, 561, 423, 284, 307, 14018, 13, 198, 198, 5246, 13, 402, 4660, 261, 2753, 1337, 284, 4727, 326, 350, 13, 42, 13, 318, 262, 367, 8937, 6, 1266, 9366, 805, 290, 981, 339, 743, 407, 1865, 307, 379, 262, 1241, 286, 257, 14886, 25434, 11, 18624, 48179, 774, 393, 22722, 15415, 16528, 11, 339, 318, 23985, 284, 257, 1049, 3451, 11, 3805, 465, 14979, 287, 465, 1218, 1336, 1622, 13, 679, 6688, 326, 262, 4931, 286, 19116, 22894, 585, 72, 290, 18106, 1355, 2518, 22304, 287, 262, 4009, 787, 683, 517, 3538, 6330, 540, 11, 3584, 6159, 318, 13301, 284, 307, 355, 922, 257, 9366, 805, 355, 350, 13, 42, 13, 481, 1716, 13, 1406, 339, 18978, 326, 284, 12831, 257, 1263, 7372, 326, 356, 423, 587, 279, 3191, 329, 11, 340, 561, 307, 13526, 284, 11148, 284, 2074, 7313, 350, 13, 42, 13, 679, 2753, 1337, 284, 5503, 326, 5885, 1595, 470, 1612, 14564, 11, 290, 757, 326, 7313, 1595, 470, 1612, 3501, 13, 679, 20271, 351, 262, 1672, 286, 262, 15261, 11, 508, 14018, 1263, 5207, 287, 22722, 5030, 11, 9180, 5108, 1732, 290, 257, 717, 12, 45788, 11, 475, 2722, 7939, 911, 41769, 74, 14232, 11, 5180, 13671, 290, 257, 1218, 12, 45788, 287, 1441, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 428, 318, 2147, 47716, 11, 2147, 28695, 11, 655, 257, 22309, 4000, 889, 1088, 281, 2126, 326, 318, 24495, 3690, 262, 33664, 6, 35387, 355, 484, 50252, 287, 262, 33864, 13, 679, 318, 407, 24950, 326, 1770, 13, 3834, 3820, 307, 1057, 503, 286, 3240, 319, 257, 6787, 11, 355, 257, 869, 12, 259, 905, 2583, 1244, 11, 475, 2391, 11170, 284, 3296, 326, 284, 651, 257, 1303, 16, 7372, 345, 1183, 761, 284, 3292, 257, 1303, 16, 9366, 805, 11, 407, 257, 6131, 286, 13952, 3354, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 318, 30902, 326, 1770, 13, 402, 4660, 261, 318, 645, 2392, 257, 9095, 475, 783, 257, 22309, 329, 4689, 1763, 325, 11, 530, 508, 8698, 262, 33664, 290, 12217, 287, 2276, 13, 1081, 884, 11, 339, 318, 2672, 284, 2148, 4459, 290, 4732, 11, 355, 6886, 284, 655, 262, 642, 370, 338, 13, 770, 318, 655, 644, 339, 750, 351, 262, 734, 2180, 5207, 13, 1770, 13, 402, 4660, 261, 318, 257, 386, 508, 5017, 262, 22195, 290, 783, 262, 33664, 329, 4647, 783, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 318, 635, 1593, 284, 299, 541, 287, 262, 3600, 262, 10792, 15802, 286, 262, 705, 24111, 2056, 6, 355, 852, 257, 1917, 329, 262, 33664, 13, 770, 318, 5033, 257, 25336, 326, 2125, 470, 12827, 11, 257, 24133, 425, 42374, 265, 326, 338, 2714, 510, 355, 281, 555, 439, 726, 276, 6181, 13, 3914, 338, 307, 8161, 351, 428, 2276, 1634, 13, 1649, 545, 9423, 2915, 884, 355, 4995, 4460, 10711, 393, 2094, 23165, 393, 31873, 37525, 9289, 903, 2801, 519, 1146, 11, 356, 836, 470, 15402, 262, 705, 15823, 2056, 6, 355, 257, 2187, 287, 257, 10329, 73, 9587, 6977, 11, 356, 1833, 326, 484, 821, 41528, 3183, 290, 329, 2506, 286, 606, 612, 389, 734, 22386, 15442, 16221, 290, 21204, 1004, 1671, 13271, 290, 9935, 41135, 1443, 13, 198, 198, 31258, 72, 2940, 709, 318, 1762, 832, 262, 10153, 10712, 13, 198, 198, 39424, 10948, 72, 2940, 709, 11, 617, 19379, 11, 290, 617, 38716, 938, 1755, 11, 24998, 326, 339, 3114, 13006, 379, 1661, 11, 1290, 1180, 621, 262, 7209, 1341, 729, 356, 1053, 1282, 284, 760, 13, 314, 481, 1011, 329, 7520, 326, 612, 389, 645, 2428, 287, 2846, 286, 2356, 11, 29844, 11, 40953, 408, 287, 262, 10329, 11, 393, 2073, 262, 34165, 3636, 470, 423, 1309, 683, 4391, 319, 262, 4771, 13, 198, 198, 3198, 2071, 10948, 72, 481, 670, 832, 318, 257, 1256, 286, 10153, 10712, 287, 262, 10329, 11, 543, 318, 45452, 2641, 262, 6466, 1611, 286, 12765, 617, 5207, 326, 815, 1445, 21461, 13, 317, 1256, 286, 428, 318, 3111, 503, 1141, 14321, 11, 475, 612, 338, 1464, 617, 1364, 878, 345, 1441, 284, 1336, 10741, 290, 339, 481, 2270, 510, 428, 10153, 10712, 416, 2712, 13, 383, 9911, 290, 4940, 290, 4802, 29787, 319, 262, 10329, 326, 345, 460, 470, 24340, 287, 3047, 481, 1011, 1337, 286, 326, 13, 198, 198, 6610, 1738, 11, 543, 314, 892, 318, 772, 517, 1593, 11, 318, 326, 10948, 72, 468, 587, 705, 5162, 13493, 6, 465, 10329, 329, 6986, 734, 812, 783, 13, 679, 468, 587, 8161, 284, 407, 1234, 1165, 881, 14022, 393, 3463, 319, 340, 11, 468, 587, 1761, 13886, 284, 1805, 340, 11, 561, 47440, 290, 2121, 572, 340, 611, 339, 925, 257, 7650, 1445, 326, 561, 1577, 683, 7786, 2356, 13, 1439, 777, 13870, 290, 24133, 274, 423, 587, 47938, 287, 683, 329, 523, 890, 326, 340, 481, 1011, 640, 329, 683, 284, 2193, 284, 3774, 465, 10329, 11, 284, 407, 307, 7787, 284, 4574, 340, 11, 290, 284, 423, 777, 24133, 274, 290, 13870, 29889, 290, 10921, 13, 198, 198, 18273, 788, 11, 356, 460, 1607, 10948, 72, 284, 1949, 257, 2068, 30355, 11, 1254, 257, 665, 11912, 287, 465, 10329, 11, 543, 318, 3487, 355, 10153, 10712, 318, 852, 5445, 510, 290, 262, 6466, 852, 19110, 287, 257, 5642, 340, 5818, 470, 587, 287, 257, 890, 981, 11, 290, 423, 683, 2245, 33051, 393, 2121, 284, 262, 4771, 287, 24054, 286, 2356, 393, 2252, 2465, 13, 198, 198, 23808, 402, 2398, 274, 845, 1903, 287, 262, 1622, 550, 257, 17661, 810, 339, 3214, 287, 262, 5228, 351, 465, 49594, 1232, 14638, 683, 11, 290, 339, 1592, 771, 290, 1067, 24431, 287, 24054, 11, 355, 750, 356, 878, 674, 16074, 8947, 11, 475, 706, 33051, 572, 284, 262, 7624, 11, 25072, 306, 4856, 465, 10329, 11, 339, 6939, 326, 339, 373, 8788, 11, 290, 356, 4398, 470, 1775, 683, 33294, 465, 10329, 1201, 13, 1892, 7725, 329, 884, 281, 13006, 2121, 329, 10948, 72, 11, 475, 281, 24106, 286, 7188, 588, 777, 543, 481, 37762, 683, 326, 465, 10329, 318, 3734, 11, 290, 3063, 2040, 43696, 318, 2157, 683, 13, 198, 198, 8777, 8644, 25, 5575, 29350, 282, 604, 11, 10930, 352, 198, 198, 2061, 257, 983, 0, 1902, 328, 29578, 12, 8727, 30, 30254, 929, 709, 11, 427, 76, 461, 929, 709, 13, 314, 765, 517, 7864, 588, 777, 11, 810, 356, 503, 8135, 378, 290, 503, 17945, 290, 503, 2188, 2501, 437, 262, 5471, 11, 484, 821, 28389, 13, 198, 198, 464, 33664, 356, 8638, 262, 6388, 287, 262, 717, 2278, 11, 2233, 284, 262, 4735, 670, 286, 31612, 7886, 13, 679, 338, 550, 617, 34029, 287, 262, 2975, 16537, 290, 468, 587, 5371, 286, 407, 2712, 7867, 393, 772, 5670, 12217, 11, 475, 262, 4203, 994, 318, 326, 465, 5110, 11824, 290, 30618, 379, 5290, 22353, 326, 286, 262, 1074, 13, 554, 597, 1339, 11, 339, 1908, 503, 262, 3275, 287, 262, 717, 326, 339, 373, 3492, 11, 290, 340, 743, 423, 27324, 262, 10568, 286, 465, 13107, 290, 925, 606, 1975, 484, 547, 287, 428, 983, 290, 714, 2834, 340, 572, 13, 198, 198, 30805, 44919, 549, 4224, 318, 6364, 3599, 284, 1592, 502, 625, 13, 314, 1833, 326, 21204, 12822, 1071, 959, 2087, 683, 284, 262, 9354, 2233, 284, 262, 6821, 284, 16320, 22304, 7491, 2395, 290, 19804, 4270, 268, 11, 290, 635, 284, 6324, 284, 1944, 5917, 287, 262, 9481, 11, 810, 262, 4460, 6236, 2737, 389, 9775, 6922, 262, 686, 455, 11, 1719, 37822, 262, 15718, 88, 504, 422, 597, 2292, 286, 1176, 484, 743, 991, 423, 2714, 13, 1770, 13, 44919, 549, 4224, 468, 587, 31531, 287, 465, 4028, 11, 2712, 1327, 290, 9644, 1767, 42116, 475, 407, 852, 1444, 329, 7026, 12970, 290, 13526, 5341, 13, 679, 468, 1813, 257, 922, 1848, 286, 2241, 618, 339, 468, 5710, 262, 18051, 11, 355, 3402, 757, 9975, 1028, 262, 25242, 11, 5749, 30718, 40511, 666, 13, 314, 4398, 470, 6810, 428, 878, 11, 475, 287, 428, 26500, 1770, 13, 44919, 549, 4224, 8350, 355, 257, 443, 69, 400, 4066, 11, 543, 743, 423, 6655, 1770, 13, 40511, 666, 13, 2399, 1327, 1767, 9122, 1028, 4422, 1717, 1754, 287, 262, 2368, 4137, 262, 6846, 284, 14283, 262, 20695, 656, 262, 6296, 290, 1011, 257, 5711, 286, 983, 7389, 11, 543, 2957, 284, 350, 13, 42, 2637, 82, 3061, 319, 262, 734, 12, 805, 4621, 13, 6023, 966, 287, 465, 7075, 11, 290, 428, 530, 743, 1283, 1290, 50012, 11, 475, 314, 8288, 703, 339, 1341, 515, 1327, 706, 257, 9155, 20695, 287, 262, 717, 2278, 11, 530, 543, 714, 423, 26403, 257, 9689, 2863, 11, 475, 287, 543, 3234, 339, 373, 13125, 416, 32076, 6026, 25162, 13, 632, 318, 7165, 326, 356, 821, 5322, 284, 28107, 428, 11, 475, 340, 373, 922, 284, 766, 326, 339, 1569, 1068, 1497, 422, 2800, 351, 262, 31071, 11, 355, 6886, 284, 262, 47618, 14209, 21574, 7598, 291, 508, 366, 24089, 691, 22581, 329, 2928, 1, 618, 16675, 351, 257, 2092, 3074, 1028, 6047, 7920, 13, 1002, 1770, 13, 44919, 549, 4224, 460, 2555, 2712, 1327, 290, 3424, 290, 4451, 588, 339, 857, 27606, 11, 314, 1183, 307, 3772, 284, 423, 683, 319, 428, 1074, 13, 198, 198, 3666, 1545, 7651, 5399, 502, 8972, 706, 262, 15881, 11, 290, 355, 356, 24070, 16800, 290, 22531, 12, 86, 14655, 11, 356, 6304, 470, 355, 17298, 319, 262, 983, 355, 356, 714, 423, 587, 13, 679, 750, 787, 340, 287, 6088, 286, 640, 284, 766, 6047, 40679, 1754, 4776, 329, 262, 31252, 11, 379, 543, 10891, 48715, 356, 1111, 8966, 6972, 379, 262, 3159, 25, 366, 42, 274, 1754, 11, 345, 821, 22668, 34304, 2474, 770, 318, 257, 6761, 543, 2067, 1141, 262, 4793, 12, 2998, 1622, 618, 356, 547, 26255, 689, 13, 17155, 19635, 550, 655, 4488, 6047, 284, 257, 720, 16, 13, 24, 1510, 2897, 9629, 351, 262, 30652, 11, 290, 262, 31252, 4273, 377, 3875, 550, 284, 2872, 340, 981, 9481, 6951, 338, 703, 992, 379, 1770, 13, 19635, 338, 23035, 19325, 13, 632, 373, 42047, 703, 262, 30652, 6951, 2921, 355, 922, 355, 339, 1392, 11, 48775, 278, 326, 611, 339, 2492, 470, 4385, 284, 787, 779, 286, 262, 2897, 9629, 8617, 11, 3863, 262, 9481, 815, 1011, 340, 503, 286, 262, 327, 4339, 13, 554, 597, 1339, 11, 257, 1862, 6047, 40679, 1754, 11, 991, 4673, 262, 9481, 983, 11, 373, 625, 39728, 1807, 749, 43807, 290, 13440, 11, 290, 7651, 290, 314, 561, 23930, 25, 366, 42, 274, 1754, 11, 345, 821, 625, 20333, 2474, 8797, 339, 11615, 13, 317, 3155, 812, 1568, 11, 355, 465, 711, 6596, 284, 262, 966, 326, 339, 373, 503, 17916, 465, 2775, 11, 356, 561, 875, 563, 25, 366, 42, 274, 1754, 11, 345, 821, 739, 20333, 2474, 9022, 6774, 514, 284, 262, 966, 356, 821, 379, 1909, 11, 810, 356, 1064, 340, 3306, 284, 966, 503, 262, 29163, 1022, 465, 2854, 290, 465, 816, 38886, 341, 11, 284, 48258, 605, 3073, 422, 47747, 364, 508, 3588, 470, 287, 262, 760, 13, 198, 198, 464, 13307, 24688, 81, 295, 3061, 319, 257, 5593, 1004, 2436, 1192, 373, 257, 3621, 2589, 11, 340, 338, 1049, 284, 766, 674, 1862, 35297, 869, 4739, 4439, 11, 475, 340, 1392, 7651, 1036, 14739, 546, 32076, 6026, 25162, 338, 2854, 11, 3584, 407, 355, 881, 355, 262, 717, 22722, 11768, 3061, 13, 314, 3088, 284, 3677, 340, 355, 257, 26160, 338, 3061, 11, 319, 257, 736, 4993, 11, 543, 790, 31071, 481, 1560, 345, 318, 262, 17612, 2823, 284, 2245, 11, 475, 339, 2492, 470, 7067, 13, 775, 750, 2112, 262, 5885, 286, 10427, 32076, 329, 24154, 26039, 11, 475, 314, 6619, 683, 503, 286, 340, 11, 1297, 683, 340, 1908, 262, 2642, 3275, 284, 465, 13107, 13, 775, 1392, 257, 1310, 9785, 21879, 6021, 546, 703, 262, 31252, 815, 423, 12118, 1243, 379, 262, 3292, 12508, 11, 1201, 314, 892, 5291, 1770, 13, 26039, 9217, 326, 4542, 1595, 470, 3774, 511, 720, 2414, 1510, 582, 13, 314, 1807, 484, 815, 423, 26157, 511, 11559, 31071, 284, 262, 12469, 329, 5207, 284, 1037, 319, 511, 5454, 1057, 11, 355, 262, 31252, 815, 3440, 510, 284, 1592, 428, 614, 11, 511, 2003, 318, 783, 13, 679, 32925, 326, 484, 815, 423, 14018, 32076, 329, 18653, 406, 721, 9226, 959, 11, 38869, 7165, 8592, 351, 1123, 584, 11, 290, 314, 1043, 326, 9495, 19827, 13, 2080, 6752, 12602, 22710, 259, 11, 6047, 40679, 1754, 290, 18653, 406, 721, 9226, 959, 11, 262, 31252, 561, 423, 587, 2208, 2769, 379, 7372, 11, 290, 881, 7387, 329, 262, 12980, 13, 8989, 11, 262, 9481, 2125, 470, 1057, 416, 29696, 9017, 884, 355, 16903, 11, 290, 612, 547, 734, 49109, 1400, 9601, 27166, 2664, 326, 1244, 423, 4073, 257, 1917, 13, 1406, 356, 1309, 262, 2300, 1334, 13, 198, 198, 818, 640, 329, 502, 284, 10648, 350, 13, 42, 13, 3834, 3820, 338, 6029, 3061, 319, 262, 642, 319, 513, 1176, 1759, 13, 383, 33664, 6856, 262, 20695, 11, 3114, 355, 611, 484, 2993, 644, 284, 466, 351, 262, 20695, 11, 10948, 72, 2940, 709, 3114, 588, 383, 3611, 286, 1468, 11, 290, 350, 13, 42, 13, 1422, 470, 2277, 262, 2179, 47131, 351, 465, 2344, 929, 11, 339, 655, 1718, 257, 922, 1327, 2823, 326, 1682, 2277, 262, 2010, 13, 314, 1718, 262, 640, 284, 1702, 705, 464, 6932, 324, 286, 10948, 72, 2940, 709, 3256, 355, 7651, 11, 588, 523, 867, 584, 12217, 705, 69, 504, 3256, 1595, 470, 1107, 760, 683, 13, 314, 1064, 326, 10948, 72, 17607, 739, 262, 13428, 2354, 286, 12871, 11, 314, 1053, 1839, 12925, 12217, 20354, 416, 23256, 683, 835, 1568, 621, 339, 815, 423, 15436, 11, 290, 788, 30442, 992, 355, 339, 33654, 510, 262, 2173, 13, 632, 338, 6452, 326, 287, 257, 2056, 12, 82, 30192, 1910, 588, 12871, 11, 674, 1938, 836, 470, 651, 262, 3241, 326, 3730, 588, 29628, 1380, 1531, 3046, 290, 3700, 797, 22723, 290, 4705, 520, 1228, 272, 290, 7491, 948, 25951, 290, 36286, 9666, 72, 651, 13, 198, 198, 3886, 262, 640, 22722, 11768, 925, 340, 604, 12, 16, 11, 7651, 373, 6011, 284, 3292, 502, 32076, 6026, 25162, 329, 31612, 7886, 3892, 510, 13, 314, 8606, 326, 7165, 2897, 13, 13212, 290, 812, 2084, 11, 314, 373, 24634, 428, 976, 1730, 284, 683, 11, 257, 16075, 286, 20994, 3061, 444, 11, 475, 736, 788, 31612, 373, 1016, 832, 3957, 24985, 11, 290, 32076, 3947, 3881, 12, 39390, 290, 284, 655, 307, 48140, 329, 257, 2863, 379, 262, 1281, 12, 6230, 13, 1081, 31612, 28775, 290, 32076, 39025, 9188, 11, 616, 2897, 3421, 11, 290, 314, 561, 2581, 4538, 11103, 290, 1938, 284, 787, 262, 1730, 13, 2735, 20544, 11, 314, 1254, 845, 6792, 351, 31612, 290, 1231, 32076, 11, 523, 7651, 338, 46299, 920, 630, 444, 389, 865, 385, 4188, 306, 3405, 18339, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 2222, 319, 262, 45899, 13, 775, 821, 407, 1016, 284, 262, 12980, 11, 1309, 338, 16866, 511, 8395, 355, 880, 13, 198, 198, 20610, 11, 860, 2805, 2321, 198, 198, 17353, 262, 33664, 307, 1365, 572, 351, 5180, 39043, 290, 6575, 367, 391, 4397, 30, 198, 198, 1135, 3360, 779, 257, 36396, 284, 2962, 287, 319, 262, 949, 315, 33100, 286, 674, 4009, 338, 8563, 11, 290, 2038, 284, 1833, 326, 790, 584, 1074, 468, 925, 262, 976, 10135, 7830, 13, 13728, 287, 262, 10930, 1989, 11, 314, 460, 12414, 262, 2811, 1619, 19289, 31252, 4336, 4596, 11857, 1286, 11, 355, 12091, 4599, 439, 6515, 607, 14893, 286, 18205, 862, 13, 314, 460, 989, 326, 484, 423, 262, 976, 19490, 286, 266, 2577, 286, 1938, 508, 262, 1074, 2921, 510, 319, 290, 508, 788, 35107, 12657, 8057, 11, 475, 484, 635, 25050, 9257, 618, 484, 547, 262, 3772, 20352, 286, 1862, 1938, 546, 284, 698, 25548, 656, 5788, 13, 198, 198, 464, 7298, 399, 45269, 12, 33, 6532, 13457, 882, 3292, 318, 262, 6833, 1672, 286, 257, 1074, 7313, 1497, 257, 1862, 49847, 7401, 287, 1441, 329, 257, 1459, 3491, 319, 262, 866, 6649, 3008, 286, 465, 3451, 13, 1770, 13, 399, 45269, 550, 587, 15937, 416, 262, 31252, 287, 13540, 290, 3751, 6991, 11, 475, 407, 2952, 1576, 329, 262, 1074, 13, 1119, 2227, 257, 9689, 352, 301, 1627, 3641, 284, 9320, 351, 262, 440, 5329, 338, 13329, 35877, 89, 2584, 11, 262, 14728, 6, 20412, 6091, 263, 46019, 1871, 1854, 11, 290, 1807, 484, 3521, 470, 9320, 1231, 326, 2615, 2512, 357, 23661, 5385, 29865, 1119, 900, 511, 21343, 319, 14488, 13457, 882, 11, 257, 6182, 27607, 3641, 290, 28892, 30664, 11, 355, 880, 355, 257, 33664, 11868, 13, 1770, 13, 13457, 882, 373, 257, 347, 13, 34, 13, 1720, 290, 550, 550, 257, 3155, 286, 5210, 7028, 706, 257, 8163, 8185, 284, 4781, 257, 22359, 422, 465, 8163, 550, 23476, 465, 3227, 13, 383, 31252, 1807, 484, 1549, 3292, 329, 683, 618, 465, 1988, 373, 1877, 11, 290, 37245, 8942, 3930, 12, 6286, 7298, 399, 45269, 329, 683, 13, 3226, 1781, 11, 262, 31252, 852, 262, 43891, 4009, 326, 484, 547, 11, 547, 9431, 284, 6029, 268, 262, 1730, 329, 262, 6686, 290, 555, 27781, 13457, 882, 416, 442, 4501, 287, 257, 717, 12, 744, 4538, 2298, 11, 508, 2900, 503, 284, 307, 20716, 28634, 13, 198, 198, 6943, 286, 345, 760, 703, 428, 1621, 2900, 503, 13, 14488, 13457, 882, 11, 355, 12973, 355, 339, 373, 329, 257, 640, 287, 6182, 11, 1239, 35049, 465, 5536, 3638, 287, 10930, 13, 11214, 11, 7298, 399, 45269, 550, 257, 4789, 286, 18864, 3451, 290, 3246, 1143, 12871, 3296, 284, 281, 772, 3744, 4922, 621, 1770, 13, 13457, 882, 13, 20716, 28634, 4166, 656, 257, 5019, 1439, 12, 8248, 11, 339, 373, 6189, 257, 705, 16939, 12, 259, 6, 287, 428, 1730, 13, 1675, 428, 1110, 11, 20862, 7298, 399, 45269, 284, 257, 31252, 4336, 25487, 896, 703, 7278, 286, 14285, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 484, 836, 470, 467, 319, 290, 319, 546, 318, 262, 46013, 22767, 37525, 329, 4422, 520, 13210, 272, 709, 339, 396, 484, 5954, 572, 351, 12767, 13, 383, 31252, 15937, 1770, 13, 520, 13210, 272, 709, 767, 400, 4045, 287, 10249, 11, 290, 10719, 339, 561, 1205, 656, 281, 772, 5749, 1612, 263, 7298, 399, 45269, 13, 2399, 1624, 284, 16117, 373, 465, 11418, 351, 7651, 9329, 4951, 287, 262, 440, 6581, 11, 290, 257, 3621, 9689, 3638, 284, 467, 351, 326, 13, 2293, 257, 3155, 286, 7028, 287, 262, 21423, 290, 257, 8163, 8185, 2158, 11, 484, 6939, 326, 339, 2192, 561, 1239, 1205, 355, 2938, 11, 290, 14338, 683, 572, 284, 262, 12767, 29755, 287, 1441, 329, 46013, 22767, 37525, 11, 508, 550, 587, 15937, 1467, 400, 4045, 287, 705, 6420, 355, 880, 13, 1770, 13, 22767, 37525, 550, 267, 375, 829, 286, 7401, 11, 475, 257, 12999, 699, 2776, 351, 262, 29755, 355, 3519, 284, 465, 2775, 9825, 290, 4771, 640, 13, 383, 29755, 2626, 16336, 290, 3066, 284, 302, 12, 83, 622, 535, 5039, 8151, 416, 38869, 683, 329, 1770, 13, 520, 13210, 272, 709, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1334, 318, 880, 12, 4002, 13, 921, 1239, 2982, 422, 1770, 13, 520, 13210, 272, 709, 757, 11, 475, 46013, 22767, 37525, 561, 467, 319, 284, 307, 262, 1074, 10654, 11, 900, 262, 8663, 9689, 1700, 11, 423, 465, 22383, 9880, 11, 290, 284, 307, 3177, 355, 3863, 262, 6000, 1680, 1347, 13, 36651, 11, 618, 46013, 22767, 37525, 2058, 510, 11, 10930, 3296, 836, 470, 2962, 319, 703, 484, 5104, 721, 276, 262, 12767, 3296, 11, 484, 655, 1561, 546, 703, 1049, 339, 373, 290, 703, 11410, 465, 1627, 351, 26134, 24454, 290, 14377, 22108, 4715, 72, 373, 13, 198, 198, 2396, 618, 356, 5490, 546, 7219, 1497, 262, 509, 455, 396, 2047, 9397, 393, 4705, 360, 6, 10262, 455, 5362, 11, 1309, 338, 1394, 257, 2565, 286, 9823, 13, 10889, 340, 561, 423, 587, 3621, 284, 3328, 3148, 1988, 329, 4995, 23133, 68, 7058, 11, 475, 2769, 866, 356, 389, 2192, 477, 9675, 339, 338, 3750, 13, 632, 561, 307, 1049, 611, 262, 9588, 1451, 8020, 470, 4137, 262, 50050, 286, 34536, 47694, 323, 290, 13067, 9737, 270, 290, 3700, 24884, 77, 769, 20545, 11, 475, 326, 338, 262, 995, 356, 2107, 287, 13, 383, 31547, 6, 3296, 389, 2192, 2045, 379, 11330, 286, 5436, 6319, 72, 9997, 774, 338, 1542, 400, 3061, 290, 374, 518, 278, 262, 13854, 371, 425, 83, 329, 8518, 402, 2398, 274, 290, 257, 717, 12, 45788, 1730, 13, 7178, 617, 11, 4425, 617, 13, 37201, 331, 648, 13, 198, 198, 25381, 11, 807, 2805, 2321, 198, 198, 8777, 8257, 25, 5575, 29350, 282, 642, 11, 21165, 513, 198, 198, 32, 983, 287, 2166, 286, 257, 13027, 1363, 12, 66, 3986, 2957, 284, 257, 27958, 17179, 291, 5373, 329, 262, 33664, 11, 530, 326, 857, 19294, 329, 262, 6628, 290, 2116, 12, 1050, 485, 286, 11732, 2671, 19257, 2821, 11, 475, 9257, 12110, 5614, 262, 10402, 356, 1183, 4268, 3675, 262, 35004, 284, 14939, 666, 21593, 287, 262, 33864, 11, 543, 356, 1244, 374, 518, 287, 2795, 13, 770, 373, 1611, 286, 588, 19280, 262, 13682, 6074, 319, 257, 2495, 922, 2156, 2151, 11, 1257, 981, 340, 15436, 11, 475, 783, 644, 30, 198, 198, 3103, 8534, 276, 351, 281, 440, 5329, 1074, 326, 468, 6041, 286, 11781, 5859, 7401, 11, 262, 33664, 9617, 257, 3047, 1413, 6626, 8244, 319, 262, 4771, 13, 383, 9481, 6, 364, 2826, 880, 11, 351, 350, 13, 42, 13, 3834, 3820, 2712, 281, 2048, 38870, 983, 11, 3613, 329, 257, 7389, 326, 460, 307, 32350, 11, 1201, 340, 373, 257, 5210, 278, 7389, 2427, 286, 530, 286, 465, 517, 3632, 1203, 1167, 37810, 13, 5436, 6319, 72, 9997, 774, 279, 8426, 734, 4661, 11, 530, 281, 6565, 12, 3262, 353, 284, 3151, 1542, 329, 262, 1622, 13, 42884, 18063, 27541, 721, 2826, 351, 262, 2568, 286, 1468, 13, 3954, 35297, 1938, 1422, 470, 32282, 293, 11, 475, 484, 2826, 1327, 11, 351, 2612, 13, 13307, 24688, 81, 295, 550, 257, 3155, 6443, 284, 4776, 13, 4746, 33231, 1341, 515, 1327, 290, 373, 12973, 351, 262, 20695, 319, 6695, 11, 13748, 281, 3342, 13, 12139, 3175, 1530, 1228, 3947, 4923, 11, 10403, 3501, 440, 5329, 3985, 4186, 7152, 1681, 257, 1178, 4692, 39387, 11, 475, 781, 549, 3077, 3624, 393, 5193, 6934, 319, 257, 34893, 1927, 1280, 2010, 13, 679, 468, 783, 2826, 2579, 1830, 329, 262, 33664, 11, 13748, 257, 4490, 2472, 286, 530, 3342, 13, 314, 3360, 4240, 611, 339, 338, 23985, 284, 307, 530, 286, 883, 3730, 345, 1064, 319, 11, 351, 2319, 393, 2026, 1830, 2826, 11, 645, 4661, 290, 8208, 7389, 2431, 287, 511, 9481, 3451, 11, 3940, 416, 1936, 7028, 2712, 329, 262, 13117, 12347, 15682, 290, 27327, 376, 822, 454, 70, 12, 38, 1252, 2634, 1313, 13, 198, 198, 32, 1807, 326, 5091, 284, 502, 981, 4964, 373, 326, 356, 815, 1234, 287, 257, 869, 284, 8403, 23259, 355, 2582, 355, 262, 1622, 318, 625, 290, 16075, 683, 42884, 509, 27359, 293, 329, 4995, 32364, 271, 533, 74, 11, 15705, 1075, 1123, 1074, 286, 257, 24902, 287, 1441, 329, 257, 2356, 7382, 2073, 13, 314, 760, 4995, 468, 9292, 257, 1178, 2974, 1201, 4305, 5575, 29350, 282, 11, 475, 339, 460, 470, 5457, 466, 4785, 621, 1770, 13, 509, 27359, 293, 13, 314, 836, 470, 1337, 326, 339, 3011, 12209, 2173, 319, 262, 1176, 1759, 11, 42884, 509, 27359, 293, 318, 262, 5290, 2137, 319, 262, 1074, 1755, 287, 1755, 503, 11, 290, 262, 530, 508, 16609, 262, 1551, 13, 198, 198, 464, 5164, 385, 440, 4102, 3061, 3769, 514, 351, 257, 1339, 2050, 13, 554, 262, 1743, 8198, 25473, 11, 340, 318, 10762, 281, 555, 42191, 3061, 11, 475, 340, 815, 1107, 905, 1770, 13, 509, 27359, 293, 355, 1719, 18419, 319, 340, 11, 611, 407, 6979, 12, 29988, 2105, 340, 290, 5137, 257, 3621, 43856, 9563, 319, 340, 13, 679, 550, 1630, 286, 262, 20695, 2769, 287, 465, 898, 6516, 11, 290, 925, 257, 13455, 1807, 12, 448, 290, 4939, 736, 4993, 1208, 284, 645, 530, 287, 262, 1029, 10852, 13, 1400, 530, 287, 2330, 326, 318, 11, 262, 20695, 4630, 1417, 832, 262, 6516, 290, 743, 423, 12606, 262, 4171, 1627, 287, 1194, 1315, 4201, 393, 523, 11, 475, 1770, 13, 440, 4102, 38527, 276, 287, 290, 1319, 6347, 340, 287, 262, 2010, 11, 257, 3621, 3331, 2823, 572, 4422, 20295, 2295, 27176, 338, 12581, 13, 198, 198, 4834, 1216, 272, 16175, 15152, 11, 257, 7770, 1208, 393, 530, 326, 5645, 510, 1016, 12062, 318, 1690, 6412, 284, 355, 366, 1726, 279, 21612, 28141, 300, 6, 1015, 1018, 21348, 1911, 383, 1573, 2058, 422, 262, 6808, 1573, 705, 1015, 1018, 293, 3256, 543, 1724, 705, 27461, 3256, 290, 318, 973, 8797, 257, 2137, 16759, 572, 262, 20695, 351, 257, 13455, 21581, 1208, 11, 543, 3221, 5645, 510, 852, 257, 39015, 393, 41567, 13, 370, 3775, 481, 1690, 910, 366, 3123, 285, 3885, 270, 406, 6, 32, 303, 1018, 21348, 11, 331, 279, 519, 710, 474, 1689, 271, 443, 20695, 8172, 484, 423, 11644, 1522, 510, 257, 387, 14570, 2137, 3706, 406, 6, 32, 303, 1018, 21348, 508, 1239, 11583, 262, 8318, 5292, 329, 683, 13, 198, 198, 40, 14245, 1975, 326, 42884, 509, 27359, 293, 6834, 339, 318, 2712, 351, 406, 6, 32, 303, 1018, 21348, 290, 561, 21192, 319, 477, 326, 318, 11386, 326, 339, 460, 766, 683, 618, 339, 338, 503, 612, 319, 262, 4771, 11, 881, 588, 30646, 18623, 8834, 434, 714, 766, 2636, 661, 13, 1318, 318, 645, 584, 7468, 329, 326, 3595, 257, 1208, 13, 11161, 339, 550, 257, 2107, 1021, 26168, 546, 284, 467, 572, 319, 262, 886, 286, 465, 4859, 11, 339, 561, 423, 40390, 340, 284, 262, 976, 2748, 4067, 284, 1949, 284, 3613, 465, 13107, 6, 3160, 13, 554, 326, 1989, 286, 262, 4771, 11, 645, 2294, 2013, 561, 423, 587, 28517, 13, 1119, 561, 477, 423, 587, 1602, 312, 396, 3875, 3338, 13, 198, 198, 2215, 262, 42884, 509, 27359, 293, 3292, 373, 3414, 11, 314, 743, 423, 4481, 257, 3971, 648, 518, 326, 875, 2228, 262, 1445, 11, 475, 706, 326, 314, 19982, 284, 3589, 326, 314, 561, 407, 3971, 79, 319, 428, 2426, 13, 314, 373, 9431, 326, 42884, 6, 898, 43891, 3984, 561, 4691, 355, 616, 17243, 6570, 505, 13, 8989, 11, 340, 318, 523, 23508, 326, 340, 635, 9179, 355, 262, 7616, 284, 900, 572, 477, 262, 36302, 290, 477, 262, 10251, 546, 810, 428, 4009, 318, 9153, 13, 198, 198, 26764, 2634, 20576, 4188, 468, 587, 25142, 4633, 3241, 16537, 11, 475, 314, 1101, 6792, 351, 465, 711, 13, 679, 318, 644, 356, 2938, 13, 679, 338, 1263, 11, 460, 711, 3518, 11, 318, 2139, 540, 355, 257, 2368, 12, 24683, 508, 460, 1445, 510, 284, 262, 1218, 319, 6695, 13, 679, 5341, 880, 319, 262, 7389, 1494, 11, 290, 460, 635, 711, 319, 262, 1176, 1759, 13, 775, 2993, 683, 284, 307, 15113, 88, 290, 326, 465, 3918, 1838, 683, 1283, 595, 43958, 3360, 13, 775, 460, 1607, 1088, 1679, 4661, 422, 683, 13, 843, 326, 338, 3446, 644, 356, 389, 1972, 422, 683, 13, 7406, 614, 356, 1183, 307, 2045, 329, 1576, 9829, 9481, 1938, 284, 6070, 503, 257, 9354, 13, 1770, 13, 20576, 4188, 318, 407, 530, 286, 674, 18572, 13, 679, 1183, 6070, 465, 2597, 290, 257, 7604, 287, 674, 12750, 11, 356, 836, 470, 761, 284, 651, 319, 465, 1339, 780, 339, 338, 407, 19635, 12981, 444, 13, 1471, 22722, 11768, 13, 679, 318, 7152, 2634, 20576, 4188, 11, 290, 319, 5236, 314, 1101, 3772, 284, 423, 683, 319, 262, 1074, 13, 198, 198, 5189, 3465, 635, 373, 262, 2854, 286, 2041, 3466, 13, 775, 1053, 587, 33960, 889, 326, 262, 4599, 29899, 423, 1813, 510, 319, 262, 1622, 290, 319, 262, 3985, 11, 475, 355, 468, 587, 4750, 416, 1854, 319, 367, 9399, 11, 262, 2482, 6492, 416, 262, 7389, 5170, 4991, 2523, 326, 484, 991, 423, 617, 1907, 1364, 13, 5334, 1943, 8338, 319, 3626, 11, 1327, 670, 11, 11728, 290, 12123, 13, 3412, 351, 262, 2994, 286, 11023, 12981, 11, 543, 314, 1807, 1244, 22188, 4646, 262, 29673, 338, 13530, 11, 484, 4398, 470, 26684, 257, 4405, 13, 12914, 262, 1266, 1176, 1759, 287, 262, 4652, 9975, 11, 484, 3142, 530, 3061, 503, 286, 1440, 13, 1892, 1049, 287, 2846, 286, 262, 5873, 11, 1201, 21165, 468, 587, 12264, 319, 257, 1679, 4, 8761, 428, 1622, 11, 475, 484, 1690, 34123, 510, 262, 35004, 290, 1422, 470, 1249, 606, 284, 4474, 2405, 287, 262, 6516, 290, 651, 6792, 13, 383, 7202, 373, 326, 262, 33664, 6, 1176, 1759, 373, 362, 14, 19, 11, 290, 8096, 257, 6865, 85, 36274, 515, 42884, 18063, 27541, 721, 290, 7152, 2634, 20576, 4188, 11, 508, 3947, 4923, 319, 262, 1218, 6769, 706, 257, 890, 7539, 286, 1830, 810, 2147, 3947, 284, 670, 13, 3954, 1176, 1759, 4811, 550, 25419, 515, 284, 7216, 503, 262, 2935, 71, 1501, 15152, 1627, 319, 262, 717, 6769, 11, 788, 7725, 329, 257, 6562, 2539, 20110, 422, 262, 34232, 12985, 4947, 356, 1908, 503, 319, 262, 1218, 13, 198, 198, 19093, 2612, 2945, 11, 356, 1445, 319, 284, 10930, 329, 257, 1263, 1263, 983, 319, 3909, 13, 19996, 1770, 13, 2935, 71, 1501, 15152, 6, 1232, 665, 11912, 460, 307, 23863, 12931, 351, 257, 3155, 1528, 286, 42087, 18952, 11, 356, 1183, 761, 477, 2832, 319, 6203, 284, 2222, 866, 262, 18680, 18680, 31252, 13, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
21,001
Using a multi-channel 5.1 / 7.1 amplifier receiver AVR with a matrix Using multichannel 5.1 / 7.1 amps AVR with matrix systems Essential Knowledge To understand how multichannel (5.1 / 7.1 etc) audio/sound is routed via a HDMI or HDBaseT matrix system, it is important to firstly acknowledge that all HDMI source devices (Blu-ray players, set-top-boxes, media servers, PCs etc) can only output a single audio format type at any one time. This is a limitation of HDMI itself. For example, the HDMI port on a Blu-Ray player cannot simultaneously output HDMI with 2.0ch stereo as well as HDMI with 7.1 DTS Master audio. It is always one or the other. With only displays connected to the matrix When a matrix has only displays connected, with no AMPS/AVR in your set up, routing audio is relatively easy. This is because displays generally only have two speakers, and so a single HDMI format of HDMI+2.0ch can be routed to all displays. This gives you video and audio at every display. Adding an AVR/AMP the matrix When adding an AMP/AVR to the connected device mix, you are adding a component that can accept a multichannel audio format, such as 5.1 or 7.1. You now have a situation whereby some connected devices (displays) can only accept HDMI with 2.0ch stereo and some (the AVR/Amp) can accept HDMI with multichannel audio. What to expect in a mixed display / AVR setup Video matrixes operate on a “lowest common denominator” rule. This means that the matrix will exchange information with your displays and AVRs to decide on the format of audio to get from the source device; choosing the format that will ensure audio is output in all of your locations. One of two things can happen: If the AVR is turned on first and the matrix set to send a source capable of multi-channel audio to the AVR, the source will deliver multi-channel audio to the AVR. If a stereo TV is then turned on and the matrix then set to send the same source going to the AVR to the TV, the TV will be unable to play back the multi-channel audio. The result would be no sound from the TV. In the reverse, if a TV is turned on first and the matrix is set to send one of the connected sources, the source will deliver stereo audio to the TV via the matrix. If the AVR is then switched on and the matrix set to deliver the same source going to the TV, the AVR will only receive stereo audio. It is important to re-iterate, this is not a product limitation of HDanywhere matrixes. This is a limitation of HDMI technology itself and its specification. A solution is therefore required whereby the source device always sends multichannel audio to the AMP/AVR and 2.0ch stereo audio to the displays. Solution options There are many ways to solve this problem. Some complicated, some easier. Things will depend on the location of your equipment and the number of AVRs. We are always happy to help you build a specific solution that meets your setup. Here we can only cover some of the more common setup examples and a single solution to those. I have a single AVR located beside / local to my source devices and the matrix e.g. in a cupboard / AV rack. In this type of setup, where the AVR for the multi-channel room is located with the sources and matrix itself, one solution is to deliver the audio to your AVR via alternative connectors to the HDMI where possible. For example, Sky HD boxes and Blu-Ray players usually have a digital audio output that can be connected to the AVR** via optical cabling. This can deliver multi-channel audio to the AVR over the optical cable, whilst the HDMI output from the source device can deliver 2.0 ch stereo audio to your matrix and therefore your other TV (stereo) locations in your setup. If this setup is located away from the room with multi-channel speakers fitted, say an under-stairs cupboard, there are solutions to keep IR control of your AVR that we can help with. AVRs located in the room with the displays In this type of setup, where AVR(s) are located in the rooms local to the displays, make sure the HDMI device is set to output 5.1 / 7.1 channel audio. This audio format will be sent over the Cat cable to each display location. In order to get audio out of your HDTVs (in say three rooms) and the AVR (connected to HDTV in a fourth room), some additional hardware is needed. HDanywhere sell a signal manager. Place 1 x signal manager at each TV that needs 2.0 channel audio aka. each TV that does not have an AVR.  Use a HDMI cable to connect the HDMI output port of the matrix’s display receiver to the HDMI input port of the Signal manager. Then use another HDMI cable to connect the HDMI output port of the Signal Manager to the HDMI port on the HDTV. So, the Signal Manager sits in between the display receiver and the HDTV. The Signal Manager has a box labelled “Audio”. The little switch on this audio section needs toggled to number 2: LPCM 2.0 before you connect up and turn on all your HDMI source devices and displays. Do not switch toggle the switch from no. 1 to no. 2 whilst displays and HDMI sourced devices are on. If you do so, you will need to power down the re-power all source devices and displays. Once the signal manager is set up and in place it will take 5.1 and output it as 2.0, ready to be accepted and then output by the HDTV. This should hopefully resolve your issue and deliver 5.1 to your AVR and 2.0 to your HDTV. Buy HDanywhere Signal Manager  *Multichannel audio via HDMI includes the following formats: LPCMDolby DigitalDTSDVD-AudioSuper Audio CDDolby Digital PlusDolby TrueHD,DTS-HD High Resolution AudioDTS-HD Master Audio, MPCM, DSDDST **When using alternative audio connectors other than HDMI, support for DTS-HD Master Audio and Dolby True HD is lost. Using a HDMI Splitter before an AVR and Display
[ 12814, 257, 5021, 12, 17620, 642, 13, 16, 1220, 767, 13, 16, 33382, 9733, 317, 13024, 351, 257, 17593, 198, 198, 12814, 1963, 488, 4276, 642, 13, 16, 1220, 767, 13, 16, 45796, 317, 13024, 351, 17593, 3341, 198, 198, 29508, 1843, 20414, 198, 2514, 1833, 703, 1963, 488, 4276, 357, 20, 13, 16, 1220, 767, 13, 16, 3503, 8, 6597, 14, 23661, 318, 42101, 2884, 257, 25499, 393, 5572, 14881, 51, 17593, 1080, 11, 340, 318, 1593, 284, 717, 306, 12127, 326, 477, 25499, 2723, 4410, 357, 38676, 12, 2433, 1938, 11, 900, 12, 4852, 12, 29305, 11, 2056, 9597, 11, 21869, 3503, 8, 460, 691, 5072, 257, 2060, 6597, 5794, 2099, 379, 597, 530, 640, 13, 770, 318, 257, 17385, 286, 25499, 2346, 13, 198, 198, 1890, 1672, 11, 262, 25499, 2493, 319, 257, 12391, 12, 19591, 2137, 2314, 11640, 5072, 1849, 10227, 8895, 351, 362, 13, 15, 354, 24820, 1849, 292, 880, 355, 1849, 10227, 8895, 351, 767, 13, 16, 360, 4694, 5599, 6597, 13, 632, 318, 1464, 530, 393, 262, 584, 13, 628, 198, 3152, 691, 11298, 5884, 284, 262, 17593, 198, 2215, 257, 17593, 468, 691, 11298, 5884, 11, 351, 645, 3001, 3705, 14, 10116, 49, 1849, 259, 534, 900, 510, 11, 28166, 6597, 318, 5365, 2562, 13, 770, 318, 780, 11298, 4143, 691, 423, 734, 11636, 11, 290, 523, 257, 2060, 25499, 5794, 286, 1849, 10227, 8895, 10, 17, 13, 15, 354, 1849, 5171, 307, 42101, 284, 477, 11298, 13, 770, 3607, 345, 2008, 290, 6597, 379, 790, 3359, 13, 198, 198, 32901, 281, 317, 13024, 14, 23518, 262, 17593, 198, 2215, 4375, 281, 3001, 47, 14, 10116, 49, 284, 262, 1849, 15236, 3335, 5022, 11, 345, 389, 4375, 257, 7515, 326, 460, 2453, 257, 1963, 488, 4276, 6597, 5794, 11, 884, 355, 642, 13, 16, 393, 767, 13, 16, 13, 198, 198, 1639, 783, 423, 257, 3074, 23482, 617, 5884, 4410, 357, 6381, 26024, 8, 460, 691, 2453, 1849, 10227, 8895, 351, 362, 13, 15, 354, 24820, 1849, 392, 617, 357, 1169, 317, 13024, 14, 32, 3149, 8, 460, 2453, 1849, 10227, 8895, 351, 1963, 488, 4276, 6597, 13, 198, 198, 2061, 284, 1607, 287, 257, 7668, 3359, 1220, 317, 13024, 9058, 198, 10798, 17593, 274, 8076, 319, 257, 564, 250, 9319, 395, 2219, 31457, 1352, 447, 251, 3896, 13, 770, 1724, 326, 262, 17593, 481, 5163, 1321, 351, 534, 11298, 290, 317, 13024, 82, 284, 5409, 319, 262, 5794, 286, 6597, 284, 651, 422, 262, 2723, 3335, 26, 11236, 262, 5794, 326, 481, 4155, 6597, 318, 5072, 287, 477, 286, 534, 7064, 13, 198, 198, 3198, 286, 734, 1243, 460, 1645, 25, 1002, 262, 317, 13024, 318, 2900, 319, 717, 290, 262, 17593, 900, 284, 3758, 257, 2723, 6007, 286, 5021, 12, 17620, 6597, 284, 262, 317, 13024, 11, 262, 2723, 481, 5203, 5021, 12, 17620, 6597, 284, 262, 317, 13024, 13, 1002, 257, 24820, 3195, 318, 788, 2900, 319, 290, 262, 17593, 788, 900, 284, 3758, 262, 976, 2723, 1016, 284, 262, 317, 13024, 284, 262, 3195, 11, 262, 3195, 481, 307, 5906, 284, 711, 736, 262, 5021, 12, 17620, 6597, 13, 383, 1255, 561, 307, 645, 2128, 422, 262, 3195, 13, 198, 198, 818, 262, 9575, 11, 611, 257, 3195, 318, 2900, 319, 717, 290, 262, 17593, 318, 900, 284, 3758, 530, 286, 262, 1849, 15236, 4237, 11, 262, 2723, 481, 5203, 24820, 6597, 284, 262, 3195, 2884, 262, 17593, 13, 1002, 262, 317, 13024, 318, 788, 15293, 319, 290, 262, 17593, 900, 284, 5203, 262, 976, 2723, 1016, 284, 262, 3195, 11, 262, 317, 13024, 481, 691, 3328, 24820, 6597, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 318, 1593, 284, 302, 12, 2676, 378, 11, 428, 318, 407, 257, 1720, 17385, 286, 5572, 1092, 3003, 17593, 274, 13, 770, 318, 257, 17385, 286, 25499, 3037, 2346, 290, 663, 20855, 13, 198, 198, 32, 4610, 318, 4361, 2672, 23482, 262, 2723, 3335, 1464, 12800, 1963, 488, 4276, 6597, 284, 262, 3001, 47, 14, 10116, 49, 290, 362, 13, 15, 354, 24820, 6597, 284, 262, 11298, 13, 198, 198, 46344, 3689, 198, 1858, 389, 867, 2842, 284, 8494, 428, 1917, 13, 2773, 8253, 11, 617, 4577, 13, 11597, 481, 4745, 319, 262, 4067, 286, 534, 5112, 290, 262, 1271, 286, 317, 13024, 82, 13, 775, 389, 1464, 3772, 284, 1037, 345, 1382, 257, 2176, 4610, 326, 11185, 534, 9058, 13, 3423, 356, 460, 691, 3002, 617, 286, 262, 517, 2219, 9058, 6096, 290, 257, 2060, 4610, 284, 883, 13, 198, 198, 40, 423, 257, 2060, 317, 13024, 5140, 13970, 1220, 1957, 284, 616, 2723, 4410, 290, 262, 17593, 304, 13, 70, 13, 287, 257, 6508, 3526, 1220, 14661, 19127, 13, 198, 818, 428, 2099, 286, 9058, 11, 810, 262, 317, 13024, 329, 262, 5021, 12, 17620, 2119, 318, 5140, 351, 262, 4237, 290, 17593, 2346, 11, 530, 4610, 318, 284, 5203, 262, 6597, 284, 534, 317, 13024, 2884, 5559, 34472, 284, 262, 25499, 810, 1744, 13, 1114, 1672, 11, 5274, 5572, 10559, 290, 12391, 12, 19591, 1938, 3221, 423, 257, 4875, 6597, 5072, 326, 460, 307, 5884, 284, 262, 317, 13024, 1174, 2884, 18480, 269, 11716, 13, 770, 460, 5203, 5021, 12, 17620, 6597, 284, 262, 317, 13024, 625, 262, 18480, 7862, 11, 14590, 262, 25499, 5072, 422, 262, 2723, 3335, 460, 5203, 362, 13, 15, 442, 24820, 6597, 284, 534, 17593, 290, 4361, 534, 584, 3195, 357, 301, 32934, 8, 7064, 287, 534, 9058, 13, 1002, 428, 9058, 318, 5140, 1497, 422, 262, 2119, 351, 5021, 12, 17620, 11636, 18235, 11, 910, 281, 739, 12, 17617, 6508, 3526, 11, 612, 389, 8136, 284, 1394, 14826, 1630, 286, 534, 317, 13024, 326, 356, 460, 1037, 351, 13, 628, 198, 10116, 31273, 5140, 287, 262, 2119, 351, 262, 11298, 198, 818, 428, 2099, 286, 9058, 11, 810, 317, 13024, 7, 82, 8, 389, 5140, 287, 262, 9519, 1957, 284, 262, 11298, 11, 787, 1654, 262, 25499, 3335, 318, 900, 284, 5072, 642, 13, 16, 1220, 767, 13, 16, 6518, 6597, 13, 770, 6597, 5794, 481, 307, 1908, 625, 262, 5181, 7862, 284, 1123, 3359, 4067, 13, 554, 1502, 284, 651, 6597, 503, 286, 534, 5572, 6849, 82, 357, 259, 910, 1115, 9519, 8, 290, 262, 317, 13024, 357, 15236, 284, 5572, 6849, 287, 257, 5544, 2119, 828, 617, 3224, 6890, 318, 2622, 13, 5572, 1092, 3003, 3677, 257, 6737, 4706, 13, 8474, 352, 2124, 6737, 4706, 379, 1123, 3195, 326, 2476, 362, 13, 15, 6518, 6597, 22430, 13, 1123, 3195, 326, 857, 407, 423, 281, 317, 13024, 13, 220, 1849, 11041, 257, 25499, 7862, 284, 2018, 262, 25499, 5072, 2493, 286, 262, 17593, 447, 247, 82, 3359, 9733, 284, 262, 25499, 5128, 2493, 286, 262, 26484, 4706, 13, 3244, 779, 1194, 25499, 7862, 284, 2018, 262, 25499, 5072, 2493, 286, 262, 26484, 9142, 284, 262, 25499, 2493, 319, 262, 5572, 6849, 13, 1406, 11, 262, 26484, 9142, 10718, 287, 1022, 262, 3359, 9733, 290, 262, 5572, 6849, 13, 628, 198, 464, 26484, 9142, 468, 257, 3091, 30538, 564, 250, 21206, 447, 251, 13, 383, 1310, 5078, 319, 428, 6597, 2665, 2476, 284, 1130, 992, 284, 1271, 362, 25, 406, 5662, 44, 362, 13, 15, 878, 345, 2018, 510, 290, 1210, 319, 477, 534, 25499, 2723, 4410, 290, 11298, 13, 2141, 407, 5078, 19846, 262, 5078, 422, 645, 13, 352, 284, 645, 13, 362, 14590, 11298, 290, 25499, 18229, 4410, 389, 319, 13, 1002, 345, 466, 523, 11, 345, 481, 761, 284, 1176, 866, 262, 302, 12, 6477, 477, 2723, 4410, 290, 11298, 13, 198, 198, 7454, 262, 6737, 4706, 318, 900, 510, 290, 287, 1295, 340, 481, 1011, 642, 13, 16, 290, 5072, 340, 355, 362, 13, 15, 11, 3492, 284, 307, 6292, 290, 788, 5072, 416, 262, 5572, 6849, 13, 770, 815, 11481, 10568, 534, 2071, 290, 5203, 642, 13, 16, 284, 534, 317, 13024, 290, 362, 13, 15, 284, 534, 5572, 6849, 13, 198, 198, 14518, 5572, 1092, 3003, 26484, 9142, 1849, 198, 198, 9, 15205, 488, 4276, 6597, 2884, 25499, 3407, 262, 1708, 17519, 25, 1849, 43, 5662, 12740, 349, 1525, 10231, 35, 4694, 39218, 12, 21206, 12442, 13491, 6458, 35, 349, 1525, 10231, 8227, 35, 349, 1525, 6407, 10227, 11, 35, 4694, 12, 10227, 3334, 22406, 13491, 35, 4694, 12, 10227, 5599, 13491, 11, 4904, 24187, 11, 1849, 5258, 16458, 2257, 198, 198, 1174, 2215, 1262, 5559, 6597, 34472, 584, 621, 25499, 11, 1104, 329, 360, 4694, 12, 10227, 5599, 13491, 290, 25143, 1525, 6407, 5572, 318, 2626, 13, 198, 198, 12814, 257, 25499, 13341, 1967, 878, 281, 317, 13024, 290, 16531, 628, 628, 50256 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1,424