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<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Scleroderma ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if: You have symptoms of scleroderma You have scleroderma and symptoms become worse or new symptoms develop </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Scleroderma (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Some people with scleroderma have symptoms that develop quickly over the first few years and continue to get worse. However, in most patients, the disease slowly gets worse. People who only have skin symptoms have a better outlook. Widespread (systemic) scleroderma can damage the heart, kidney, lungs, or GI tract, which may cause death. Lung problems are the most common cause of death in patients with scleroderma. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Sebaceous cysts? [/INST] The main symptom is usually a small, non-painful lump beneath the skin. If the lump becomes infected or inflammed, other symptoms may include: Skin redness Tender or sore skin Warm skin in the affected area Grayish-white, cheesy, foul-smelling material may drain from the cyst. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Sebaceous cysts? [/INST] Sebaceous cysts most often arise from swollen hair follicles. Skin trauma can also induce a cyst to form. A sac of cells is created into which a protein called keratin is secreted. These cysts are usually found on the face, neck, and trunk. They are usually slow- growing, painless, freely movable lumps beneath the skin. Occasionally, however, a cyst will become inflamed and tender. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Sebaceous cysts ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if you notice any new growths on your body. Although cysts are not dangerous, your doctor should examine you for signs of skin cancer. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Sebaceous cysts (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Large, painful cysts may interfere with day-to-day life. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Seborrheic dermatitis? [/INST] Seborrheic dermatitis can occur on many different body areas. Usuallky it forms where the skin is oily or greasy. Commonly affected areas include the scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, creases of the nose, lips, behind the ears, in the outer ear, and middle of the chest. Seborrheic dermatitis in infants, also called cradle cap, is a harmless, temporary condition. It appears as thick, crusty, yellow or brown scales over the child's scalp. Similar scales may also be found on the eyelids, ear, around the nose, and in the groin. Cradle cap may be seen in newborns and small children up to age 3. Cradle cap is not contagious, nor is it caused by poor hygiene. It is not an allergy, and it is not dangerous. Cradle cap may or may not itch. If it itches, excessive scratching of the area may cause additional inflammation, and breaks in skin may cause mild infections or bleeding. In general, symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis include: Skin lesions Plaques over large area Greasy, oily areas of skin Skin scales -- white and flaking, or yellowish, oily, and adherent -- "dandruff" Itching -- may become more itchy if infected Mild redness Hair loss </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Seborrheic dermatitis? [/INST] Seborrheic dermatitis is thought to be due to a combination of an over production of skin oil and irritation from a yeast called malessizia. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Seborrheic dermatitis ? [/INST] Seborrheic dermatitis appears to run in families. Stress, fatigue, weather extremes, oily skin, infrequent shampoos or skin cleaning, use of lotions that contain alcohol, skin disorders (such as acne), or obesity may increase the risk. Neurologic conditions, including Parkinson's disease, head injury, and stroke may be associated with seborrheic dermatitis. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has also been linked to increased cases of seborrheic dermatitis. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Seborrheic dermatitis ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if seborrheic dermatitis symptoms do not respond to self-care or over-the-counter treatments. Also call if patches of seborrheic dermatitis drain fluid or pus, form crusts, or become very red or painful. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Seborrheic dermatitis (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic (life-long) condition that can be controlled with treatment. It often has extended inactive periods followed by flare-ups. A more extreme form of this condition overlaps with psoriasis of the scalp and is called sebopsoriasis. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Shingles? [/INST] The first symptom is usually one-sided pain, tingling, or burning. The pain and burning may be severe and is usually present before any rash appears. Red patches on the skin, followed by small blisters, form in most people. The blisters break, forming small ulcers that begin to dry and form crusts. The crusts fall off in 2 to 3 weeks. Scarring is rare. The rash usually involves a narrow area from the spine around to the front of the belly area or chest. The rash may involve face, eyes, mouth, and ears. Additional symptoms may include: Abdominal pain Chills Difficulty moving some of the muscles in the face Drooping eyelid (ptosis) Fever and chills General ill-feeling Genital lesions Headache Hearing loss Joint pain Loss of eye motion Swollen glands (lymph nodes) Taste problems Vision problems You may also have pain, muscle weakness, and a rash involving different parts of your face if shingles affects a nerve in your face. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Shingles? [/INST] After you get chickenpox, the virus remains inactive (becomes dormant) in certain nerves in the body. Shingles occurs after the virus becomes active again in these nerves years later. The reason the virus suddenly become active again is not clear. Often only one attack occurs. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Shingles ? [/INST] Shingles may develop in any age group, but you are more likely to develop the condition if: You are older than 60 You had chickenpox before age 1 Your immune system is weakened by medications or disease If an adult or child has direct contact with the shingles rash on someone and has not had chickenpox as a child or a chickenpox vaccine, they can develop chickenpox, rather than shingles. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Shingles ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of shingles, particularly if you have a weakened immune system or if your symptoms persist or worsen. Shingles that affects the eye may lead to permanent blindness if you do not receive emergency medical care. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Shingles (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Herpes zoster usually clears in 2 to 3 weeks and rarely recurs. If the virus affects the nerves that control movement (the motor nerves), you may have temporary or permanent weakness or paralysis. Sometimes, the pain in the area where the shingles occurred may last from months to years. See: Postherpetic neuralgia </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Sporotrichosis? [/INST] Symptoms include a small, painless, red lump that develops at the site of infection. As time passes, this lump will turn into an ulcer (sore). The lump may develop up to 3 months after an injury. Most lesions are on the hands and forearms, because these areas are commonly injured when handling plants. In children, lesions may be more likely to manifest on the face. The fungus may follow the channels in your body's lymphatic system. Small ulcers appear as lines on the skin as the infection moves up an arm or leg. These sores do not heal unless they are treated, and they may last for years. The sores may sometimes drain small amounts of pus. Body-wide (systemic) sporotrichosis can cause lung and breathing problems, bone infection, arthritis, and infection of the nervous system. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Sporotrichosis? [/INST] Sporothrix schenckii is found in plants. Infection commonly occurs when the skin is broken while handling plant materials such as rosebushes, briars, or dirt that contains a lot of mulch. Sporotrichosis can be a job-related disease for people who work with plants, such as farmers, horticulturists, rose gardeners, and plant nursery workers. Widespread (disseminated) sporotrichosis can develop in people with a weakened immune system when they inhale dust filled with spores of the fungus. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Sporotrichosis ? [/INST] People who handle thorny plants, sphagnum moss, or bales of hay are at increased risk of getting sporotrichosis. The infection is more common among people with weakened immune systems, but it can also occur in otherwise healthy people. Outbreaks have occurred among florists, plant nursery workers who have handled sphagnum moss, rose gardeners, children who have played on bales of hay, and greenhouse workers who have handled thorns contaminated by the fungus. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Sporotrichosis (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] With treatment, full recovery is likely. Disseminated sporotrichosis is more difficult to treat and requires several months of therapy. Disseminated sporotrichosis can be life-threatening for people with a weakened immune system. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Squamous cell carcinoma? [/INST] General appearance is a rough, flat reddish patch, but special attention needs to be given to the following: Any new growth A mark or bump that is increasing in size A sore or ulcer that doesn't heal within three months Many skin problems can cause lesions that are similar in appearance to squamous cell carcinoma. A dermatologist will need to assess the lesion to confirm the exact nature of it. Any person with suspicious skin markings and changes should seek help from a dermatologist immediately to ensure that it is diagnosed and treated as early as possible. Conditions with symptoms similar to sqaumous cell carcinoma are: Eczema Condyloma acuminata or genital warts Skin ulcer Keratoacanthoma </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin ? [/INST] Clinical data suggests that the development of squamous cell carcinoma is related to several factors. Sunlight(solar UV radiation): Excessive exposure to sunlight is thought to be the largest risk factor for developing squamous cell carcinoma. Fair skin: Data show that caucasian persons and persons with fair skin are at higher risk for skin cancer than darker skinned persons. Genetic factors: Some persons are genetically more at risk to develop skin cancer, and may have a history of skin cancer in their family. Immunosuppressive factors: Persons who have been treated with immunosuppressive medications such as transplant patients, have an increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP): Patients with XP are at higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma because thay cannot repair the damage caused by sunlight. Chemical exposure: Work exposure to large amounts of arsenic, tar, coal, or paraffin increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma. Radiation exposure Age: Epidemiological data suggests that the risk of squamous cell carcinoma increases with age. Gender: Men are at greater risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma than women. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin ? [/INST] See your dermatologist if you get any new or rapidly growing lesions on the skin. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma depends on the following: The stage of squamous cell carcinoma: Whether cancer is found in the skin only, or whether is has invaded the layer below the skin and has spread to the lymph nodes, or to other distant places in the body. The location and the size of the tumor. The patient’s general health. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Stasis dermatitis and ulcers? [/INST] You may have symptoms of venous insufficiency, which include a dull aching or heaviness in the leg and pain that gets worse when you stand. At first, the skin of the ankles and lower legs may look thin or tissue-like. You may slowly get brown stains on the skin. If you scratch the area, the skin may become irritated or crack. It may also become red or swollen, crusted, or weepy. Over time, some skin changes become permanent: Thickening and hardening of the skin on the legs and ankles (lipodermatosclerosis) A bumpy or cobblestone appearance of the skin Dark brown color Skin sores (ulcers) may develop (called a venous ulcer or stasis ulcer). These most often form on the inside of the ankle. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Stasis dermatitis and ulcers? [/INST] Venous insufficiency is a long-term (chronic) condition in which the veins have problems sending blood from the legs back to the heart. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Stasis dermatitis and ulcers ? [/INST] Some people with venous insufficiency develop stasis dermatitis. Blood pools in the veins of the lower leg. Fluid and blood cells leak out of the veins into the skin and other tissues. This may lead to itching, which causes more skin changes. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Stasis dermatitis and ulcers ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop leg swelling or symptoms of stasis dermatitis. Watch for signs of infection: Drainage that looks like pus Open skin sores (ulcers) Pain Redness </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Stasis dermatitis and ulcers (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop leg swelling or symptoms of stasis dermatitis. Watch for signs of infection: Drainage that looks like pus Open skin sores (ulcers) Pain Redness </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Stevens-Johnson syndrome? [/INST] Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) usually begins with a fever, sore throat, and fatigue, which is misdiagnosed and usually treated with antibiotics. Skin eruption occurs 1-3 days after the flu-like symptoms. Skin lesions start as red or reddish blue lesions on the trunk and extremities and later increase in size and combine. Blisters, erosions, and vesicles are also seen Ulcers and other lesions also begin to appear in the mucous membranes, almost always in the mouth and lips but also in the genital and anal regions. Those in the mouth are usually extremely painful and reduce the patient's ability to eat or drink. Conjunctivitis of the eyes occurs in about 30% of children who develop SJS. A rash of round lesions about an inch across arises on the face, trunk, arms and legs, and soles of the feet, but usually not the scalp. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Stevens-Johnson syndrome? [/INST] Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is caused by drug reactions in the majority of the cases although it is also seen in certain viral and bacterial infections, and certain malignancies. Most commonly implicated drugs include sulfa drugs, allopurinol, anti-epileptics (Phenobarbital, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine), antibiotics (for example Penicillin), and NSAIDs. Infections that are associated with SJS may include HIV, Herpes Simplex Virus, Mumps, Mycoplasma, Mycobacteria, Hepatitis, and Streptococcal Infection. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Stevens-Johnson syndrome ? [/INST] Common risk factors in the development of SJS include Low immunity, HIV infection, active cancers (particularly Blood cancers), genetic Predisposition (HLA-B 1502 and HLA-B 5801 variants in particular) on exposure to anti-epileptic medications or allopurinol. Other risk factors may include past or family history of SJS/TEN, Rradiation therapy and rapid use of medications. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Stevens-Johnson syndrome ? [/INST] Urgent Medical Care should be sought in case of skin eruptions or rash along with flu-like symptoms following a drug use or otherwise. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Stevens-Johnson syndrome (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Prognosis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome is generally good. Most lesions heal rapidly within 1-3 weeks unless secondary bacterial infection of lesions occurs. Recovery can take longer, although it usually depends on the severity of symptoms and body surface area involved. The mortality rate is 1-5 percent in SJS and in TEN is 25-35 percent </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Striae? [/INST] Stretch marks can appear when there is rapid stretching of the skin. They are often associated with the abdominal enlargement of pregnancy. They can be found in children who have become rapidly obese. They may also occur during the rapid growth of puberty in males and females. Striae are most commonly located on the breasts, hips, thighs, buttocks, abdomen, and flank. Stretch marks appear as parallel streaks of red, thinned, glossy skin that over time become whitish and scarlike in appearance. The stretch marks may be slightly depressed and have a different texture than normal skin. Striae may also occur as a result of abnormal collagen formation, or a result of medications or chemicals that interfere with collagen formation. They may also be associated with longtime use of cortisone compounds, diabetes, Cushing disease, and post-pregnancy. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Striae? [/INST] Cushing syndrome Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Pregnancy Puberty Obesity Overuse of cortisone skin creams </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Striae ? [/INST] If striae or stretch marks appear without obvious cause such as pregnancy or rapid weight gain, call your health care provider. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Striae (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] You health care provider will examine you and ask questions about your symptoms, including: Is this the first time that you have developed striae? When did you first notice the stretchmarks? What medicines have you taken? Have you used a cortisone skin cream? What other symptoms do you have? If the striae are not caused by normal physical changes, tests may be done. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Strongyloidiasis? [/INST] Most of the time, there are no symptoms. If there are symptoms, they may include: Abdominal pain (upper abdomen) Cough Diarrhea Rash Vomiting Weight loss </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Strongyloidiasis? [/INST] S. stercoralis is a roundworm that is fairly common in warm, moist areas. Rarely, it can be found as far north as Canada. People catch the infection when their skin comes in contact with soil contaminated with the worms. The tiny worm is barely visible to the naked eye. Young roundworms can move through a person's skin and into the bloodstream to the lungs and airways. They then move up to the throat, where they are swallowed into the stomach. The worms then move to the small intestine, where they attach to the wall. Later, they produce eggs, which hatch into tiny larvae and pass out of the body. Unlike other worms, these larvae can reenter the body through the skin around the anus, which allows an infection to grow. Areas where the worms go through the skin may become red and painful. This infection is uncommon in the United States. Most cases seen in North America are brought by travelers who have visited or lived in South America or Africa. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Strongyloidiasis ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of strongyloidiasis. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Strongyloidiasis (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] With good treatment, people should make a full recovery and the parasites should be removed. Sometimes treatment needs to be repeated. Infections that are severe or widespread often have a poor outcome, especially in people with a weakened immune system. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Sturge-Weber syndrome? [/INST] Port-wine stain (more common on the face than the body) Seizures Paralysis or weakness on one side Learning disabilities </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Sturge-Weber syndrome? [/INST] The cause of Sturge-Weber is unknown. It is not thought to be passed down (inherited) through families. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Sturge-Weber syndrome ? [/INST] The health care provider should check all birthmarks, including a port-wine stain. Seizures, vision problems, paralysis, and changes in alertness or mental state may mean the coverings of the brain are involved. These symptoms should be evaluated right away. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Sturge-Weber syndrome (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Most cases of Sturge-Weber are not life-threatening. The patient's quality of life depends on how well the symptoms (such as seizures) can be prevented or treated. Patients will need to visit an ophthalmologist at least once a year to treat glaucoma. They also will need to see a neurologist to treat seizures and other neurologic symptoms. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Sunburn? [/INST] The first signs of a sunburn may not appear for a few hours. The full effect to your skin may not appear for 24 hours or longer. Possible symptoms include: Red, tender skin that is warm to touch. Blisters that develop hours to days later. Severe reactions (sometimes called "sun poisoning"), including fever, chills, nausea, or rash. Skin peeling on sunburned areas several days after the sunburn. While the symptoms of sunburn are usually temporary (such as red skin that is painful to the touch), the skin damage is often permanent and can have serious long-term health effects, including skin cancer. By the time the skin starts to become painful and red, the damage has been done. The pain is worst between 6 and 48 hours after sun exposure. In severe sunburns, blistering of the skin may occur. Deaths have resulted from acute sun exposure, and significant temporary disability is experienced by millions of sunburned people each year. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Sunburn? [/INST] Sunburn results when the amount of exposure to the sun or other ultraviolet light source exceeds the ability of the body's protective pigment, melanin, to protect the skin. Sunburn in a very light-skinned person may occur in less than 15 minutes of midday sun exposure, while a dark-skinned person may tolerate the same exposure for hours. Keep in mind: There is no such thing as a "healthy tan." Unprotected sun exposure causes premature aging of the skin. Sun exposure can cause first and second degree burns. Skin cancer usually appears in adulthood, but is caused by sun exposure and sunburns that began as early as childhood. You can help prevent skin cancer by protecting your skin and your children's skin from the harmful rays of the sun. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Sunburn ? [/INST] Factors that make sunburn more likely: Infants and children are especially sensitive to the burning effects of the sun. People with fair skin are more likely to get sunburn. But even dark and black skin can burn and should be protected. The sun's rays are strongest during the hours of 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. The sun's rays are also stronger at higher altitudes and lower latitudes (closer to the tropics). Reflection off water, sand, or snow can intensify the sun's burning rays. Sun lamps can cause severe sunburn. Some medications (such as the antibiotic doxycycline) can make you more susceptible to sunburn. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Sunburn ? [/INST] Call a health care provider immediately if you have a fever with sunburn or if there are signs of shock, heat exhaustion, dehydration, or other serious reaction. These signs include: Feeling faint or dizzy Rapid pulse or rapid breathing Extreme thirst, no urine output, or sunken eyes Pale, clammy, or cool skin Nausea, fever, chills, or rash Your eyes hurt and are sensitive to light Severe, painful blisters </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Sunburn (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The doctor will perform a physical exam and look at your skin. You may be asked questions about your medical history and current symptoms, including: When did the sunburn occur? How often do you get sunburn? Do you have blisters? How much of the body was sunburned? What medicines do you take? Do you use a sunblock or sunscreen? What type? How strong? What other symptoms do you have? </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Hyperhidrosis? [/INST] The primary symptom of hyperhidrosis is wetness. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Hyperhidrosis? [/INST] Sweating helps the body stay cool. In most cases, it is perfectly natural. People sweat more in warm temperatures, when they exercise, or in response to situations that make them nervous, angry, embarrassed, or afraid. However, excessive sweating occurs without such triggers. Those with hyperhidrosis appear to have overactive sweat glands. The uncontrollable sweating can lead to significant discomfort, both physical and emotional. When excessive sweating affects the hands, feet, and armpits, it's called primary or focal hyperhidrosis. If the sweating occurs as a result of another medical condition, it is called secondary hyperhidrosis. The sweating may be all over the body, or it may be in one area. Conditions that cause second hyperhidrosis include: Acromegaly Anxiety conditions Cancer Carcinoid syndrome Certain medications and substances of abuse Glucose control disorders Heart disease Hyperthyroidism Lung disease Menopause Parkinson’s disease Pheochromocytoma Spinal cord injury Stroke Tuberculosis or other infections </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Sweat ? [/INST] Primary hyperhidrosis affects 2 - 3% of the population, yet less than 40% of patients with this condition seek medical advice. In the majority of primary hyperhidrosis cases, no cause can be found. It seems to run in families. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Sweat ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if you have: Prolonged, excessive, and unexplained sweating Sweating with or followed by chest pain or pressure Sweating with weight loss Sweating that most often occurs during sleep Sweating with fever, weight loss, chest pain, shortness of breath, or a rapid, pounding heartbeat - these symptoms may be a sign of an underlying disease, such as hyperthyroidism </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Sweat (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Aluminum Chloride: Initially a patient may need to use it three to seven times a week. After sweating becomes normal, the person may need to use it only once every one to three weeks. If skin irritation is a problem, a doctor may temporarily prescribe a steroid-based cream. Botox: Swelling goes away in a few weeks. The effect of a single injection can last up to a few months. Some patients need additional injections. Iontophoresis: Sweating may be reduced after six to 10 sessions. After that, the person may need treatment once every one to four weeks. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Systemic lupus erythematosus? [/INST] Symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus vary from person to person, depending the organs affected. And the symptoms may come and go. The most common symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus Fatigue Low fever Muscle pain Joint pain Loss of appetite Facial butterfly rash Sensitivity to sunlight Chest pain Swollen lymph nodes Abnormal blood clotting Other symptoms depends on the orgnas affected. Headache, new paralysis, or seizures Personality change, even psychosis Arrhythmias Abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting Hematuria Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology Skin: Lupus, systemic erythematosus; Discoid skin lesion in patient with SLE Skin: ulcer, necrotic; lupus anticoagulant in thigh Skin: lupus, erythematosus, subacute; Papulosquamous diseases Skin: lupus, erythematosus; Papulosquamous diseases Skin: lupus, erythematosus; papulosquamous diseases Skin: alopecia, secondary lupus erythematosus; hair loss Skin: discoid lupus, face Diseases that can have similar symptoms are Polyarthritis Pneumonitis Lung cancer Acute pericarditis </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Systemic lupus erythematosus? [/INST] Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, which means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. This leads to long-term (chronic) inflammation. The underlying cause of autoimmune diseases is not fully known. SLE is much more common in women than men. It may occur at any age, but appears most often in people between the ages of 10 and 50. African Americans and Asians are affected more often than people from other races. SLE may also be caused by certain drugs. For information on this cause, see Drug-induced lupus erythematosus </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Systemic lupus erythematosus ? [/INST] The underlying cause of this autoimmune disease is not clear. Clinical data show the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with the following factors: Female: SLE affects nine times as many women as men. Age: From 10 to 50 Race: African Americans and Asians are affected more often than people from other races. Drugs, such as chlorpromazine, hydralazine, isoniazid, methyldopa, penicillamine, procainamide, quinidine and sulfasalazine. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Systemic lupus erythematosus ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if you develop symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Systemic lupus erythematosus (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Outcomes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have improved in recent years. Prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus depends on: The results of anti-phospholipid antibodies: Positive results may increase the possibility of pregnancy loss in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Whether the patient is involved of vital organs damage, such as the damages in brain, lungs, heart, and kidney. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura? [/INST] Bleeding into the skin or mucus membranes Changes in consciousness Confusion Easy fatigue Fever Headache Heart rate over 100 beats per minute Pallor Purplish spots in the skin produced by small bleeding vessels near the surface of the skin (purpura) Shortness of breath Speech changes Weakness Yellowish color to the skin (jaundice) </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura? [/INST] This disease may be caused by a lack of, or problems with, a certain enzyme (a type of protein) that is involved in blood clotting. These changes cause clotting to occur in an abnormal way. As the platelets clump together in these clots, fewer platelets are available in the blood in other parts of the body to help with clotting. This can lead to bleeding under the skin and purple-colored spots called purpura. In some cases, the disorder is passed down through families (inherited) and patients are born with naturally low levels of this enzyme. This condition also may be related to: Bone marrow transplantation Cancer Chemotherapy Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation HIV infection Hormone replacement therapy and estrogens Medications (including ticlopidine, clopidogrel, guinine, and cyclosporine A) </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if you have any unexplained bleeding. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Plasma exchange has greatly improved the outcome of this disease. Most patients now recover completely. However, some people die from this disease, especially if it is not found immediately. In people who don't recover, this condition can become long-term (chronic). </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Tinea? [/INST] The symptoms of ringworm include: Itchy, red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze. The patches often have sharply-defined edges. They are often redder around the outside with normal skin tone in the center. This may create the appearance of a ring. Your skin may also appear unusually dark or light. When your scalp or beard is infected, you will have bald patches. If nails are infected, they become discolored, thick, and even crumble. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Tinea? [/INST] Ringworm is a common skin disorder, especially among children, but it may affect people of all ages. Although its name suggests otherwise, it is caused by a fungus, not a worm. Many bacteria and fungi live on your body. Some of these are useful to you and your body. Others can multiply rapidly and form infections. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Tinea ? [/INST] Ringworm occurs when a particular type of fungus grows and multiplies anywhere on your skin, scalp, or nails. Ringworm is contagious. It can be passed from one person to the next by direct skin-to-skin contact or by contact with contaminated items such as combs, unwashed clothing, and shower or pool surfaces. You can also catch ringworm from pets that carry the fungus. Cats are common carriers. The fungi that cause ringworm thrive in warm, moist areas. Ringworm is more likely when you have frequent wetness (such as from sweating) and minor injuries to your skin, scalp, or nails. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Tinea ? [/INST] Call your doctor right away if you have any signs of a bacterial infection, which can result from scratching. These signs include swelling, warmth to the touch, sudden worsening in redness of the patches, red streaking, pus, discharge, and fever. Call your doctor if: Ringworm infects your scalp or beard. Your skin does not improve after 4 weeks of self-care. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Tinea (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Skin medication is usually successful at treating Ringworm within 4 weeks. If your ringworm infection is severe or resistant (meaning that it does not respond well to self-care), it will usually respond quickly to antifungal pills. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Tinea capitis? [/INST] Tinea capitis may involve only parts of the scalp, or all of it. Areas that are infected appear bald with small black dots, due to hair that has broken off. Round, scaly areas of skin that can be red or swollen (inflamed) may be found, as well as pus-filled sores called kerions. You may have a low-grade fever of around 100 - 101 °F or swollen lymph nodes in the neck. There is usually itching of the scalp. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Tinea capitis? [/INST] Fungi are a type of germ that can live on the dead tissue of the hair, nails, and outer skin layers. The body normally hosts a variety of fungi. Tinea capitis is caused by by mold-like fungi called dermatophytes. The fungi that cause tinea infections do well in warm, moist areas. A tinea infection is more likely if you have: Minor skin or scalp injuries Poor hygiene Wet skin for a long time (such as from sweating) </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Tinea capitis ? [/INST] Tinea capitis or ringworm can spread easily to others. It most often affects children and goes away at puberty. However, it can occur at any age. Tinea infections are contagious. You can catch tinea capitis if you come into direct contact with an area of ringworm on someone else's body, or if you touch items such as combs, hats, or clothing that have been used by someone with ringworm. The infection can also be spread by pets, particularly cats. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Tinea capitis ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of tinea capitis. Home care remedies do not effectively treat tinea capitis. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Tinea capitis (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Tinea capitis may be hard to get rid of, and it may return after treatment. In many cases it gets better on its own when the person reaches puberty. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Tinea corporis? [/INST] Symptoms may include itching. The rash begins as a small area of red, raised spots and pimples. The rash slowly becomes ring-shaped, with a red-colored, raised border and a clearer center. The border may look scaly. The rash may occur on the arms, legs, face, or other exposed body areas. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Tinea corporis? [/INST] Tinea corporis is a common skin disorder among children. However, it may occur in people of all ages. It is caused by mold-like fungi called dermatophytes. Fungi thrive in warm, moist areas. The following raise your risk for a fungal infection: Long-term wetness of the skin (such as from sweating) Minor skin and nail injuries Poor hygiene </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Tinea corporis ? [/INST] Tinea corporis can spread easily to other people. You can catch the condition if you come into direct contact with an area of ringworm on someone's body, or if you touch contaminated items such as: Clothing Combs Pool surfaces Shower floors and walls The fungi can also be spread by pets (cats are common carriers). </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Tinea corporis ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if ringworm does not improve with self-care. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Tinea corporis (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Ringworm usually responds to topical medications within 4 weeks. Severe or resistant cases usually respond quickly to antifungal medicines taken by mouth. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Tinea versicolor? [/INST] The main symptom is patches of discolored skin with sharp borders (edges) and fine scales. The patches are often dark reddish-tan in color. The most common sites are the back, underarms, upper arms, chest, and neck. Affected areas do not darken in the sun (skin may appear lighter than surrounding healthy skin) In African Americans, there may be loss of skin color (hypopigmentation) or an increase in skin color (hyperpigmentation). Other symptoms include: Increased sweating Itching </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Tinea versicolor? [/INST] Tinea versicolor is relatively common. It is caused by the fungus Pityrosporum ovale, a type of yeast that is normally found on human skin. It only causes problems under certain circumstances. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Tinea versicolor ? [/INST] The condition is most common in adolescent and young adult males. It typically occurs in hot climates. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Tinea versicolor ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of tinea versicolor. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Tinea versicolor (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Though tinea versicolor is easily treated, pigment changes may last for months after treatment. The condition may come back during the warm months. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Trichotillomania? [/INST] Symptoms usually begin before age 17. The hair may come out in round patches or across the scalp. The effect is an uneven appearance. The person may pluck other hairy areas, such as the eyebrows, eyelashes, or body hair. These symptoms are usually seen in children: An uneven appearance to the hair Bare patches or all around (diffuse) loss of hair Bowel blockage (obstruction) if people eat the hair they pull out Constant tugging, pulling, or twisting of hair Denying the hair pulling Hair regrowth that feels like stubble in the bare spots Increasing sense of tension before the hair pulling Other self-injury behaviors Sense of relief, pleasure, or gratification after the hair pulling Most people with this disorder also have problems with: Feeling sad or depressed Anxiety Poor self image </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Trichotillomania? [/INST] Trichotillomania is a type of impulsive control disorder. Its causes are not clearly understood. It may affect as much as 4% of the population. Women are four times more likely to be affected than men. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Trichotillomania (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Trichotillomania that begins in younger children (fewer than 6 years old) may go away without treatment. For most, the hair pulling ends within 12 months. For others, trichotillomania is a lifelong disorder. Treatment often improves the hair pulling and the feelings of depression, anxiety, or poor self image. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Vitiligo? [/INST] Flat areas of normal-feeling skin without any pigment appear suddenly or gradually. These areas have a darker border. The edges are well defined but irregular. Vitiligo most often affects the face, elbows and knees, hands and feet, and genitalia. Vitiligo affects both sides of the body equally. Vitiligo is more noticeable in darker-skinned people because of the contrast of white patches against dark skin. No other skin changes occur. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Vitiligo? [/INST] Vitiligo appears to occur when immune cells destroy the cells that produce brown pigment (melanocytes). This destruction is thought to be due to an autoimmune problem, but the cause is unknown. Vitiligo is associated with three other autoimmune diseases: Addison's disease Hyperthyroidism Pernicious anemia </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Vitiligo ? [/INST] Vitiligo may appear at any age. There is an increased rate of the condition in some families. The condition affects about 1 out of every 100 people in the United States. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Vitiligo ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if areas of your skin lose their coloring for no reason (for example, there was no injury to the skin). </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Vitiligo (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The course of vitiligo varies and is unpredictable. Some areas may regain normal pigment (coloring), but other new areas of pigment loss may appear. Skin that is repigmented may be slightly lighter or darker than the surrounding skin. Pigment loss may get worse over time. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Warts? [/INST] Warts are classified based on where they appear on the body. The different types of warts include: Common warts usually appear on the hands, but can appear anywhere. Flat warts are generally found on the face and forehead. They are common in children, less common in teens, and rare in adults. Genital warts (condyloma) are usually found on the genitals, in the pubic area, and in the area between the thighs, but they can also appear inside the vagina and anal canal. Plantar warts are found on the soles of the feet. Subungual and periungual warts appear under and around the fingernails or toenails. Abnormally dark or light skin surrounding the lesion Numerous small, smooth, flat (pinhead sized) lesions on forehead, cheeks, arms, or legs Rough growths around or under fingernails or toenails Rough, round, or oval lesions on soles of feet -- flat to slightly raised -- painful to pressure Small, hard, flat or raised skin lesion or lump </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Warts? [/INST] The typical wart is a raised round or oval growth on the skin with a rough surface. Compared with the surrounding normal skin, warts may appear light, dark, or black (rare). Most adults are familiar with the look of a typical wart and have little trouble recognizing it. Unusual warts with smooth surfaces or flat warts in children may be more difficult for parents to recognize. Common warts tend to cause no discomfort unless they are in areas of repeated friction or pressure. Plantar warts, for example, can become extremely painful. Large numbers of plantar warts on the foot may cause difficulty walking or running. Some warts will disappear without treatment, although it can sometimes take a couple of years. Treated or not, warts that go away often reappear. All warts can spread from one part of your own body to another. Unsightly or painful warts can be treated. Warts around and under your nails are much more difficult to cure than warts in other places. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Wart ? [/INST] Warts can happen to anyone. However, some populations are more likely to get warts after exposure to HPV. At-risk groups include: Children Young adults Elderly people People with compromised immune systems (such as HIV / AIDS positive individuals or organ transplant recipients) </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Wart ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your doctor if: There are signs of infection (red streaking, pus, discharge, or fever) or bleeding. Warts can bleed a little, but if bleeding is significant or not easily stopped by light pressure, see a doctor. The wart does not respond to self-care and you want it removed. You have pain associated with the wart. You have anal or genital warts. You have diabetes or a weakened immune system (for example, HIV) and have developed warts. There is any change in the color or appearance of the wart. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Wart (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Warts are generally harmless growths that often go away on their own within 2 years. They can be contagious, but transmission from person to person is uncommon. Warts may be unsightly or cause discomfort, especially on the feet. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the Symptoms of Yersinia Pestis Infection? [/INST] Plague symptoms depend on how the patient was exposed to the plague bacteria. The plague can take different clinical forms, but the most common are bubonic, pneumonic and septicemic. Symptoms appear suddenly, usually after 2 - 5 days of exposure to the bacteria, and may include: Sudden onset of fever Malaise Headache Chills Weakness Muscle pain Seizures One or more swollen, tender and painful lymph nodes (called buboes): Commonly found in the groin, but may occur in the armpits or neck, most often at the site of the infection (bite or scratch) Pain may occur in the area before the swelling appears Symptoms appear suddenly, typically 2 - 3 days after exposure, and may include: Fever Headache Weakness Rapidly developing pneumonia, with: Shortness of breath Chest pain Cough Bloody or watery mucous This type may cause death even before its symptoms occur. Symptoms may include: Fever Chills Nausea Vomiting Extreme weakness Abdominal pain Bleeding into the skin and other organs (due to blood clotting problems) Diarrhea Necrosis of tissues, such as fingers, toes and nose </s>

<s>[INST] What Causes Yersinia Pestis Infection? [/INST] Plague is caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. Rodents, such as rats, carry the disease. It is spread by their fleas. The plague bacteria can be transmitted to humans by the following ways: Flea bites Plague bacteria are most often transmitted by the bite of an infected flea. During plague epizootics, many rodents die, causing hungry fleas to seek other sources of blood. People and animals that visit places where rodents have recently died from plague are at risk of being infected from flea bites. Dogs and cats may also bring plague-infected fleas into the home. Flea bite exposure may result in primary bubonic plague or septicemic plague. Contact with contaminated fluids or tissues Humans can become infected when handling tissue or body fluids of a plague - infected animal. Infectious droplets When a person has plague pneumonia, they may cough droplets containing the plague bacteria into the air. If these bacteria -containing droplets are breathed in by another person, they can cause pneumonic plague. Typically this requires direct and close contact with the person with pneumonic plague. Transmission of these droplets is the only way that plague can spread between people. This type of spread has not been documented in the United States since 1924, but still occurs with some frequency in developing countries. Cats are particularly susceptible to plague and can be infected by eating infected rodents. Sick cats pose a risk of transmitting infectious plague droplets to their owners or to veterinarians. Several cases of human plague have occurred in the United States in recent decades as a result of contact with infected cats. In the Middle Ages in Europe, massive plague epidemics killed millions of people. Plague can still be found in Africa, Asia, and South America. Today, plague is rare in the United States, but it has been known to occur in parts of California, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. The three most common forms of plague are: Bubonic plague -- an infection of the lymph nodes Pneumonic plague -- an infection of the lungs Septicemic plague -- an infection of the blood The time between infection and development of symptoms is typically 2 to 7 days, but may be as short as 1 day for pneumonic plague. Risk factors for plague include a recent flea bite and exposure to rodents, especially rabbits, squirrels, or prairie dogs, or scratches or bites from infected domestic cats. </s>