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<s>[INST] What causes nail changes? [/INST] Injury: Crushing the base of the nail or the nail bed may cause a permanent deformity. Chronic picking or rubbing of the skin behind the nail can cause a washboard nail. Long-term exposure to moisture or nail polish can cause nails to peel and become brittle. Infection: Fungus or yeast cause changes in the color, texture, and shape of the nails. Bacterial infection may cause a change in nail color or painful areas of infection under the nail or in the surrounding skin. Severe infections may cause nail loss. Viral warts may cause a change in the shape of the nail or ingrown skin under the nail. Certain infections (especially of the heart valve) may cause red streaks in the nail bed (splinter hemorrhages). Diseases: Disorders that affect the amount of oxygen in the blood (such as abnormal heart anatomy and lung diseases including cancer or infection) may cause clubbing. Kidney disease can cause a build-up of nitrogen waste products in the blood, which can damage nails. Liver disease can damage nails. Thyroid diseases such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism may cause brittle nails or splitting of the nail bed from the nail plate (onycholysis). Severe illness or surgery may cause horizontal depressions in the nails (Beau's lines). Psoriasis may cause pitting, splitting of the nail plate from the nail bed, and chronic destruction of the nail plate (nail dystrophy). Other conditions that can affect the appearance of the nails include systemic amyloidosis, malnutrition, vitamin deficiency, and lichen planus. Skin cancers near the nail and fingertip can distort the nail. Subungal melanoma is a potentially deadly cancer that will normally appear as a dark streak down the length of the nail. Darkening of the cuticle associated with a pigmented streak may be a sign of an aggressive melanoma. Poisons: Arsenic poisoning may cause white lines and horizontal ridges. Silver intake can cause a blue nail. Medications: Certain antibiotics can cause lifting of the nail from the nail bed. Chemotherapy medicines can affect nail growth. Normal aging affects the growth and development of the nails. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Nail changes ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if you have: A new or widening dark streak in the nail Blue nails Clubbed nails Distorted nails Horizontal ridges Pale nails White lines White color under the nails If you have splinter hemorrhages, see the doctor immediately. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Peripheral neurofibromatosis or Neurofibromatosis type 1? [/INST] Neurofibromatosis causes unchecked growth of tissue along the nerves. This can put pressure on affected nerves and cause pain, severe nerve damage, and loss of function in the area served by the nerve. Problems with sensation or movement can occur, depending on the nerves affected. The condition can be very different from person to person, even among people in the same family who have the NF1 gene. The coffee -with- milk (café-au-lait) spots are the hallmark symptom of neurofibromatosis. Although many healthy people have 1 or 2 small café-au-lait spots, adults with 6 or more spots greater than 1.5 cm in diameter are likely to have neurofibromatosis. In most people with the condition, these spots may be the only symptom. Other symptoms may include: Blindness Convulsions Freckles in the underarm or groin Large, soft tumors called plexiform neurofibromas, which may have a dark color and may spread under the surface of the skin Pain (from affected peripheral nerves) Small, rubbery tumors of the skin called nodular neurofibromas </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Peripheral neurofibromatosis or Neurofibromatosis type 1? [/INST] NF1 is an inherited disease. If either parent has NF1, each of their children has a 50% chance of having the disease. NF1 also appears in families with no previous history of the condition, as a result of a new gene change (mutation) in the sperm or egg. NF1 is caused by abnormalities in a gene for a protein called neurofibromin. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Neurofibroma ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if: You notice coffee -with- milk colored spots on your child's skin or any of the signs listed here. You have a family history of neurofibromatosis and are planning to have children, or would like to have your child examined. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Neurofibroma (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] If there are no complications, the life expectancy of people with neurofibromatosis is almost normal. With the right education and job expectations, people with neurofibromatosis can live a normal life. Although mental impairment is generally mild, NF1 is a known cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a small number of patients. Learning disabilities are a common problem. Some people are treated differently because they have hundreds of tumors on their skin. Patients with neurofibromatosis have an increased chance of developing severe tumors. In rare cases, these can shorten a person's lifespan. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Paget's disease of the breast? [/INST] Early signs of Paget's disease of the breast does nmake the patient's attention. As the tumor grows, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms: Redness and flaking of the nipple skin Tingling, itching, increased sensitivity, burning, and pain of the nipple skin Nipple flattened against the breast A lump or mass in the breast Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Paget%27s disease of the breast ? [/INST] The risk factor of Paget's disease of the breast is not clear at present. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Paget%27s disease of the breast ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if symptoms of Paget's disease of the breast develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible: Development of a lump or swelling in the breast or underarm area Skin irritation or dimpling, nipple pain or retraction, redness or scaliness of the nipple or breast skin A discharge other than breast milk </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Paget%27s disease of the breast (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The prognosis of Paget's disease of the breast depends on the following: Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the breast The patient’s general health Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred Template:WH Template:WS </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Pemphigoid? [/INST] Some people may have no symptoms, others may have mild redness and irration. In severe cases, they are multiple blisters, called bullae. The blisters are usually located on the arms, legs, or middle of the body. About one-third of persons with bullous pemphigoid also develop blisters in the mouth. The blisters may break open and form ulcers or open sores. Other symptoms may include: Itching Rashes Mouth sores Bleeding gums </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Pemphigoid? [/INST] The cause is not known, but may be related to immune system disorders, certain other diseases, or use of some medications. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Pemphigoid ? [/INST] Bullous pemphigoid usually occurs in elderly persons and is rare in young people. Symptoms come and go. In most patients, the condition goes away within 6 years. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Pemphigoid ? [/INST] Call your doctor for an appointment if you have: Unexplained blisters on your skin An itchy rash that continues despite home treatment </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Pemphigoid (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Bullous pemphigoid usually responds well to treatment. Most patients may stop taking medicine after several years. However, the disease sometimes returns after treatment is stopped. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Pemphigus? [/INST] About 50% of people with this condition first develop painful blisters and sores in the mouth, followed by skin blisters. Skin sores may come and go. The skin sores may be described as: Draining Oozing Crusting Peeling or easily detached They may be located: In the mouth On the scalp, trunk, or other skin areas </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Pemphigus? [/INST] Pemphigus is an autoimmune disorder. The immune system produces antibodies against specific proteins in the skin and mucus membranes. These antibodies break the bonds between skin cells. This leads to the formation of a blister. The exact cause is unknown. Sometimes pemphigus is caused by certain medications, although this is rare. Medications that may cause this condition include: A drug called penicillamine, which removes certain materials from the blood (chelating agent) Blood pressure medications called ACE inhibitors </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Pemphigus ? [/INST] Pemphigus is uncommon. It almost always occurs in middle-aged or older people. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Pemphigus ? [/INST] Your health care provider should examine any unexplained blisters. Call your health care provider if you have been treated for pemphigus vulgaris and you develop any of the following symptoms: Chills Fever General ill feeling Joint aches Muscle aches New blisters or ulcers </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Pemphigus (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Without treatment, this condition is usually life-threatening. Severe infection is the most frequent cause of death. With treatment, the disorder tends to be chronic. Side effects of treatment may be severe or disabling. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Perioral dermatitis? [/INST] Perioral dermatitis is usually characterized by an uncomfortable burning sensation around the mouth. Itching is not a common symptom. In most cases, bumps (papules) and fluid- or pus-filled bumps (vesicopustules) are seen around the mouth. Rarely, a similar rash may appear around the eyes, nose, or forehead. The rash appears very similar to acne. Usually, patients are most concerned with the cosmetic appearance of the bumps. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Perioral dermatitis? [/INST] While its exact cause is unknown, it may appear after skin creams containing steroids are applied to the face to treat other conditions. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Perioral dermatitis ? [/INST] Perioral dermatitis most commonly affects young women. However, it sometimes affects men, too. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Perioral dermatitis ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if you notice persistent red bumps around your mouth. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Perioral dermatitis (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Perioral dermatitis is a difficult condition to treat effectively. It often requires several months of treatment. It is not unusual for the bumps to return, particularly if skin creams containing steroids are reapplied to the face. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Pityriasis rosea? [/INST] Attacks most often last 4 - 8 weeks. Symptoms may disappear by 3 weeks or last as long as 12 weeks. The rash starts with a single large patch called a herald patch. After several days, more skin rashes will appear on the chest, back, arms, and legs. The skin rashes: Are often pink or pale red Are oval in shape May be scaly May follow lines in the skin or appear in a "Christmas tree" pattern May itch </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Pityriasis rosea? [/INST] Pityriasis rosea is believed to be caused by a virus. It occurs most often in the fall and spring. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Pityriasis rosea ? [/INST] Although pityriasis rosea may occur in more than one person in a household at a time, it is not thought to spread from one person to another. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Pityriasis rosea ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of pityriasis rosea. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Pityriasis rosea (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Pityriasis rosea usually goes away within 6 - 12 weeks. It doesn't usually come back. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Plantar wart? [/INST] Abnormally dark or light skin surrounding the lesion Numerous small, smooth, flat (pinhead sized) lesions on forehead, cheeks, arms, or legs Rough growths around or under fingernails or toenails Rough, round, or oval lesions on soles of feet -- flat to slightly raised -- painful to pressure Small, hard, flat or raised skin lesion or lump </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Plantar wart? [/INST] The typical wart is a raised round or oval growth on the skin with a rough surface. Compared with the surrounding normal skin, warts may appear light, dark, or black (rare). Most adults are familiar with the look of a typical wart and have little trouble recognizing it. Unusual warts with smooth surfaces or flat warts in children may be more difficult for parents to recognize. Common warts tend to cause no discomfort unless they are in areas of repeated friction or pressure. Plantar warts, for example, can become extremely painful. Large numbers of plantar warts on the foot may cause difficulty walking or running. Some warts will disappear without treatment, although it can sometimes take a couple of years. Treated or not, warts that go away often reappear. All warts can spread from one part of your own body to another. Unsightly or painful warts can be treated. Warts around and under your nails are much more difficult to cure than warts in other places. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Plantar wart ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your doctor if: There are signs of infection (red streaking, pus, discharge, or fever) or bleeding. Warts can bleed a little, but if bleeding is significant or not easily stopped by light pressure, see a doctor. The wart does not respond to self-care and you want it removed. You have pain associated with the wart. You have anal or genital warts. You have diabetes or a weakened immune system (for example, HIV) and have developed warts. There is any change in the color or appearance of the wart. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Plantar wart (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Warts are generally harmless growths that often go away on their own within 2 years. They can be contagious, but transmission from person to person is uncommon. Warts may be unsightly or cause discomfort, especially on the feet. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Poison ivy? [/INST] Extreme itching Red, streaky, patchy rash where the plant touched the skin Red bumps, which may form large, weeping blisters The reaction can vary from mild to severe. In rare cases, the person is admitted to a hospital. The worst symptoms are often seen during days 4 to 7. The rash may last for 1 to 3 weeks. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Poison ivy? [/INST] The rash is caused by skin contact with the oils (resin) of these plants. Smoke from burning these plants can cause the same reaction. The oils usually enter the skin rapidly. It is rarely spread from person to person. The rash does not spread by the fluid from the blisters. Therefore, once a person has washed the oil completely off the skin, the rash is usually not contagious. Keep in mind that the plant oils may remain for a long time on contaminated clothing, pets, tools, shoes, and other surfaces. These contaminated items can cause rashes in the future if they are not properly cleaned. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Poison ivy ? [/INST] Call 911 or go to an emergency room if: Someone is suffering a severe allergic reaction, such as swelling or difficulty breathing, or has had a severe reaction in the past. Someone has been exposed to the smoke of a burning plant. Call your provider if: Itching is severe and cannot be controlled. The rash affects your face, lips, eyes, or genitals. The rash shows signs of infection, such as pus, yellow fluid leaking from blisters, odor, or increased tenderness. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Polymyalgia rheumatica? [/INST] The most typical symptom is pain and stiffness in both shoulders and the neck. This pain usually progresses to the hips, and there is fatigue too. It becomes more and more difficult for patients to get around. Other symptoms include: Anemia Appetite loss, which leads to unintentional weight loss Depression Fever There are no specific joint symptoms. Some people with PMR also have giant cell arteritis. This far more serious disease can cause: Heart attack Stroke Sudden blindness Gaint cell arteritis presents with: Headache Jaw pain on talking or chewing Pain or weakness of arm on movement. Trouble in seeing. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Polymyalgia rheumatica? [/INST] The cause is unknown. PMR may occur alone, or with or before giant cell arteritis (also called temporal arteritis), which is inflammation of blood vessels (usually in the head). </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Polymyalgia rheumatica ? [/INST] Polymyalgia rheumatica is a disorder that almost always occurs in people over 50 years old. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Polymyalgia rheumatica ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have persistent weakness or stiffness of the shoulder and neck area, especially if you also have symptoms of general illness, such as fever or headache. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Polymyalgia rheumatica (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Polymyalgia rheumatica usually goes away by itself after 2 - 6 years. After this time, treatment can be stopped. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of a Pressure ulcer? [/INST] A pressure ulcer starts as reddened skin that gets worse over time. It forms a blister, then an open sore, and finally a crater. The most common places for pressure ulcers to form are over bones close to the skin, like the elbow, heels, hips, ankles, shoulders, back, and back of the head. Pressure sores are categorized by how severe they are, from Stage I (earliest signs) to Stage IV (worst): Stage I: A reddened area on the skin that, when pressed, does not turn white. This indicates that a pressure ulcer is starting to develop. Stage II: The skin blisters or forms an open sore. The area around the sore may be red and irritated. Stage III: The skin breakdown now looks like a crater. There is damage to the tissue below the skin. Stage IV: The pressure ulcer has become so deep that there is damage to the muscle and bone, and sometimes to tendons and joints. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes a Pressure ulcer? [/INST] Pressure against the skin reduces blood supply to that area, and the affected tissue dies. This may happen when you stay in one position for too long without shifting your weight. You might get a pressure ulcer if you use a wheelchair or are confined to a bed, even for a short period of time (for example, after surgery or an injury). </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Pressure ulcer ? [/INST] The following factors increase the risk for pressure ulcers: Being bedridden or in a wheelchair Being older Being unable to move certain parts of your body without help, such as after a spine or brain injury or if you have a disease like multiple sclerosis Having a chronic condition, such as diabetes or vascular disease, that prevents areas of the body from receiving proper blood flow Having a mental disability from conditions such as Alzheimer's disease Having fragile skin Having urinary incontinence or bowel incontinence Not getting enough nourishment (malnourishment) </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Pressure ulcer ? [/INST] Contact your health care provider if an area of the skin blisters or forms an open sore. Contact the provider immediately if there are any signs of an infection. An infection can spread to the rest of the body and cause serious problems. Signs of an infected ulcer include: A foul odor from the ulcer Redness and tenderness around the ulcer Skin close to the ulcer is warm and swollen Fever, weakness, and confusion are signs that the infection may have spread to the blood or elsewhere in the body. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of pruritis? [/INST] Pruritis is intense itching sensation that makes the urge to rub or scratch the skin to relieve the symptom. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for pruritis? [/INST] Allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, or allergic rhinitis. Skin diseases, such as psoriasis, bullous pemphigoid, or xerosis. Skin irritation: This may be from sunburn, insect bites, chemicals, soaps, poison ivy or other causes. Infections, such as scabies, chickenpox. Autoimmune diseases, such as Sjogren's syndrome and multiple sclerosis. Endocrine diseases, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism Tumors, such as lymphoma, multiple myeloma, polycythemia vera, melanoma, stomach cancer, CNS carcinoma or breast cancer. Disorders with body-wide effects, such as chronic renal failure, iron deficiency anemia or jaundice. Psychological causes, including anxiety, psychosis or cocaine withdrawa. Drugs causes: Common drugs that cause itching include penicillin and sulfa antibiotics. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Pruritis ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if symptoms of pruritis develop. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Pruritis (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Prognosis of pruritis depends on the underlying cause. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Psoriasis? [/INST] Psoriasis can appear suddenly or slowly. In many cases, psoriasis goes away and then flares up again repeatedly over time. People with psoriasis have irritated patches of skin. The redness is most often seen on the elbows, knees, and trunk, but it can appear anywhere on the body. For example, there may be flaky patches on the scalp. The skin patches or dots may be: Itchy Dry and covered with silver, flaky skin (scales) Pink-red in color (like the color of salmon) Raised and thick Other symptoms may include: Genital lesions in males Joint pain or aching (psoriatic arthritis) Nail changes, including: Nail thickening Yellow-brown spots Indentation (pitting) on the nail surface Separation of the nail from the base Severe dandruff on the scalp Psoriasis may affect any or all parts of the skin. There are five main types of psoriasis: Erythrodermic: The skin redness is very intense and covers a large area. Guttate: Small, pink-red spots appear on the skin. Inverse: Skin redness and irritation occurs in the armpits, groin, and in between overlapping skin. Plaque: Thick, red patches of skin are covered by flaky, silver-white scales. This is the most common type of psoriasis. Pustular: White blisters are surrounded by red, irritated skin. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Psoriasis? [/INST] Psoriasis cannot be spread to others. Psoriasis seems to be passed down through families. Doctors think it probably occurs when the body's immune system mistakes healthy cells for dangerous substances. Skin cells grow deep in the skin and normally rise to the surface about once a month. In persons with psoriasis, this process is too fast (about 2 weeks instead of 4 weeks) and dead skin cells build up on the skin's surface. The following may trigger an attack of psoriasis or make the condition more difficult to treat: Bacteria or viral infections, including strep throat and upper respiratory infections Dry air or dry skin Injury to the skin, including cuts, burns, and insect bites Some medicines, including antimalarial drugs, beta-blockers, and lithium Stress Too little sunlight Too much sunlight (sunburn) Too much alcohol In general, psoriasis may be severe in people who have a weakened immune system. This may include persons who have: AIDS Autoimmune disorders (such as rheumatoid arthritis) Cancer chemotherapy Up to one-third of people with psoriasis may also have arthritis, a condition known as psoriatic arthritis. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Psoriasis ? [/INST] Psoriasis is a very common condition. The disorder may affect people of any age, but it most commonly begins between ages 15 and 35. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Psoriasis ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of psoriasis or if the skin irritation continues despite treatment. Tell your doctor if you have joint pain or fever with your psoriasis attacks. If you have symptoms of arthritis, talk to your dermatologist or rheumatologist. Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have a severe outbreak that covers all or most of your body. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Psoriasis (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Psoriasis is a life-long condition that can be controlled with treatment. It may go away for a long time and then return. With appropriate treatment, it usually does not affect your general physical health. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Purpura? [/INST] Nonthrombocytopenic purpuras may be due to: Congenital cytomegalovirus Congenital rubella syndrome Drugs that affect platelet function Fragile blood vessels (senile purpura) Pressure changes that occur during vaginal childbirth Inflammation of the blood vessels (vasculitis), such as Henoch-Schonlein purpura Thrombocytopenic purpura may be due to: Drugs that prevent platelets from forming Hemangioma Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Immune neonatal thrombocytopenia (can occur in infants whose mothers have ITP) Meningococcemia </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Purpura ? [/INST] Call your doctor for an appointment if you have signs of purpura. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of a Rash? [/INST] Often, the cause of a rash can be determined from its visible characteristics and other symptoms. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes a Rash? [/INST] A simple rash is called dermatitis, meaning inflammation of the skin. Contact dermatitis is caused by things your skin touches, such as: Chemicals in elastic, latex, and rubber products Cosmetics, soaps, and detergents Dyes and other chemicals in clothing Poison ivy, oak, or sumac Seborrheic dermatitis is a rash that appears in patches of redness and scaling around the eyebrows, eyelids, mouth, nose, the trunk, and behind the ears. If it happens on your scalp, it is called dandruff in adults and cradle cap in infants. Other common causes of a rash include: Eczema (atopic dermatitis) -- tends to happen in people with allergies or asthma. The rash is generally red, itchy, and scaly. Psoriasis -- tends to occur as red, scaly, itchy patches over joints and along the scalp. Fingernails may be affected. Impetigo -- common in children, this infection is from bacteria that live in the top layers of the skin. Appears as red sores that turn into blisters, ooze, then crust over. Shingles -- a painful blistered skin condition caused by the same virus as chickenpox. The virus can lie dormant in your body for many years and re-emerge as shingles. Childhood illnesses such as chicken pox, measles, roseola, rubella, hand-foot-mouth disease, fifth disease, and scarlet fever. Medications and insect bites or stings. Many medical conditions can cause a rash as well. For example: Lupus erythematosus Rheumatoid arthritis, especially the juvenile type Kawasaki disease </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Rash ? [/INST] Call 911 if: You are short of breath, your throat is tight, or your face is swollen Your child has a purple rash that looks like a bruise Call your health care provider if: You have joint pain, fever, or a sore throat You have streaks of redness, swelling, or very tender areas as these may indicate an infection You are taking a new medication -- DO NOT change or stop any of your medications without talking to your doctor You may have a tick bite Home treatment doesn't work, or your symptoms get worse </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Rash (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Your doctor will perform a physical examination. He or she will ask questions about your medical conditions, medications, health problems that run in your family, and recent illnesses or exposures. Questions may include: When did the rash begin? What parts of your body are affected? Does anything make the rash better? Worse? Have you used any new soaps, detergents, lotions, or cosmetics recently? Have you been in any wooded areas recently? Have you had any change in your medications? Have you noticed a tick or insect bite? Have you eaten anything unusual of late? Do you have any other symptoms like itching or scaling? What are your underlying medical problems? Do you have, for example, asthma or allergies? Tests may include: Allergy testing Blood tests Skin biopsy Skin scrapings Depending on the cause of your rash, treatments may include medicated creams or lotions, medications taken by mouth, or skin surgery. Many primary care providers are comfortable dealing with common rashes, but for more complicated skin disorders, a referral to a dermatologist may be necessary. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon? [/INST] Strong emotions or exposure to the cold causes the fingers, toes, ears, or nose to become white, then turn blue. When blood flow returns, the area becomes red and then later returns to normal color. The attacks may last from minutes to hours. People with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (no other cause or condition) have problems in the same fingers on both sides, but they do not have very much pain. People with Raynaud's phenomenon associated with other medical conditions are more likely to have pain or tingling in different fingers. The pain is rarely severe. There may be ulcers on the affected fingers. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Raynaud's phenomenon? [/INST] Raynaud's phenomenon can be associated with other conditions. This is called secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Most people with the condition are over age 30. Common causes are: Diseases of the arteries, such as atherosclerosis and Buerger's disease, which is associated with smoking Drugs that cause narrowing of arteries, such as amphetamines, certain types of beta-blockers, some cancer drugs, ergot compounds, and methysergide Arthritis and autoimmune conditions, such as scleroderma, Sjogren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, andsystemic lupus erythematosus Repeated injury, particularly from vibrations such as those caused by typing or playing the piano Smoking Frostbite Thoracic outlet syndrome </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Raynaud%27s phenomenon ? [/INST] Raynaud's phenomenon also occurs without another disease, medication, or cause. This is called primary Raynaud's phenomenon. It most often begins in people younger than age 30. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Raynaud%27s phenomenon ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if: You have a history of Raynaud's phenomenon and the affected body part (arm, hand, leg, foot, or other part) becomes infected or develops a sore Your fingers change color and you do not know the cause Your fingers or toes turn black or the skin breaks You have a sore on the skin of your feet or hands You have a fever, swollen or painful joints, or skin rashes </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Raynaud%27s phenomenon (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The outcome varies depending on the cause and the severity of the condition. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Ringworm? [/INST] Symptoms of ringworm include: Itchy, red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze. The patches tend to have sharply-defined edges. Red patches are often redder around the outside with normal skin tone in the center. This may look like a ring. If ringworm affects your hair, you will have bald patches. If ringworm affects your nails, they will become discolored, thick, and even crumble. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Ringworm? [/INST] Ringworm is common, especially among children. However, it may affect people of all ages. It is caused by a fungus, not a worm like the name suggests. Many bacteria and fungi live on your body. Some of these are useful, while others can cause infections. Ringworm occurs when a type of fungus called tinea grows and multiplies on your skin. Ringwork can affect the skin on your: Beard -- tinea barbae Body -- tinea corporis Feet -- tinea pedis (also called athlete's foot) Groin area -- tinea cruris (also called jock itch) Scalp -- tinea capitis </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Ringworm ? [/INST] Ringworm can spread easily from one person to another. You can catch ringworm if you touch someone who has the infection, or if you come into contact with items contaminated by the fungus, such as combs, unwashed clothing, and shower or pool surfaces. You can also catch ringworm from pets that carry the fungus. Cats are common carriers. The fungus that causes ringworm thrive in warm, moist areas. Ringworm is more likely when you are often wet (such as from sweating) and from minor injuries to your skin, scalp, or nails. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Ringworm ? [/INST] Call your doctor right away if you have any signs of a bacterial infection, which can result from scratching. These signs include swelling, warm skin, sudden worsening in redness of the patches, red streaking, pus, drainage, and fever. Call your doctor if: You have ringworm on your scalp or beard Your skin does not improve after 4 weeks of self-care The rash spreads and you have diabetes or a weakened immune system due to disease or certain medications </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Ringworm (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Skin medicine usually treats ringworm within 4 weeks. If your ringworm infection is severe or it does not respond well to self-care, it will usually respond quickly to antifungal pills. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Rosacea? [/INST] Redness of the face in discrete areas or covering the entire face A tendency to flush or blush easily Increased number of spider-like blood vessels (telangiectasia) of the face A red, bulbous nose Acne-like skin eruptions (may ooze or crust) A burning or stinging sensation of the face Irritated, bloodshot, watery eyes </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Rosacea? [/INST] Rosacea involves swelling of the blood vessels just under the skin. It may be associated with other skin disorders (acne vulgaris, seborrhea) or eye disorders (blepharitis, keratitis). </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Rosacea ? [/INST] Although the cause of rosacea is unknown, you are more likely to develop this harmless skin condition if: You are fair-skinned You blush easily You are a woman (however, men with the condition are usually more severely affected) You are between the ages of 30 and 50 </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Rosacea (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Rosacea is not medically dangerous. It is not curable, but can usually be controlled with treatment. It may be persistent and chronic. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Roseola? [/INST] The child may have a runny nose, sore throat, and eye redness. A fever usually occurs before the rash appears. It lasts for 3 (sometimes up to 7) days. The fever may be as high as 105° Fahrenheit, and it generally responds well to acetaminophen (Tylenol). Between the second and fourth day of the illness, the fever drops and a rash appears (often as the fever falls). The rash starts on the trunk and spreads to the limbs, neck, and face. The rash is pink or rose-colored, and has fairly small sores that are slightly raised. The rash lasts from a few hours to 2 - 3 days. It usually does not itch. Other symptoms include: Irritability High fever that comes on quickly </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Roseola? [/INST] It is caused by a virus called human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), although similar syndromes are possible with other viruses. Roseola occurs throughout the year. The time between becoming infected and the beginning of symptoms (incubation period) is 5 to 15 days. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Roseola (patient infomation)? [/INST] The disease is common in children ages 3 months to 4 years, and most common in those ages 6 months to 1 year. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Roseola (patient infomation)? [/INST] Call your health care provider if your child: Has a fever that does not go down with acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) and a warm bath Continues to appear very sick Acts irritable or lethargic Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if your child has convulsions. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Roseola (patient infomation) (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Most children with roseola fully recover. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Roseola? [/INST] Roseola is common in children ages 3 months to 4 years, and most common in those ages 6 months to 1 year. It is caused by a virus called human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), although similar syndromes are possible with other viruses. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Roseola? [/INST] The time between becoming infected and the beginning of symptoms (incubation period) is 5 to 15 days. The first symptoms include: Eye redness Irritability Runny nose Sore throat High fever, that comes on quickly and may be as high as 105° F (40.5° C) and can last 3 to 7 days. About 2 to 4 days after becoming sick, the child's fever lowers and a rash appears. This rash most often: Starts on the middle of the body and spreads to the arms, legs, neck, and face Is pink or rose-colored Has small sores that are slightly raised The rash lasts from a few hours to 2 to 3 days. It usually does not itch. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Rubella? [/INST] Children generally have few symptoms. Adults may experience a fever, headache, general discomfort (malaise), and a runny nose before the rash appears. They may not notice the symptoms. Other symptoms may include: Bruising (rare) Inflammation of the eyes (bloodshot eyes) Muscle or joint pain </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Rubella? [/INST] The disease is caused by a virus that is spread through the air or by close contact. A person can transmit the disease from 1 week before the rash begins, until 1 - 2 weeks after the rash disappears. The disease is less contagious than rubeola (measles). After an infection, people have immunity to the disease for the rest of their lives. In children and adults, rubella is usually mild and may even go unnoticed. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Rubella ? [/INST] Not being vaccinated against rubella Exposure to an active rubella virus </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Rubella ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if: You are a woman of childbearing age and are unsure of whether you have been vaccinated against rubella You or your child develop a severe headache, stiff neck, earache, or vision problems during or after a case of rubella You or your child need to receive MMR immunization (vaccine) </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Rubella (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Rubella is usually a mild infection. However, if a mother is infected during early pregnancy, rubella can cause defects in the developing baby. The unborn baby can develop congenital rubella syndrome, which typically has a poor outcome. Defects are rare if the infection occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Scabies? [/INST] Itching, especially at night Rashes, especially between the fingers Sores (abrasions) on the skin from scratching and digging Thin, pencil-mark lines on the skin Mites may be more widespread on a baby's skin, causing pimples over the trunk, or small blisters over the palms and soles. In young children, the head, neck, shoulders, palms, and soles are involved. In older children and adults, the hands, wrists, genitals, and abdomen are involved. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Scabies? [/INST] Scabies is found worldwide among people of all groups and ages. It is spread by direct contact with infected people, and less often by sharing clothing or bedding. Sometimes whole families are affected. Outbreaks of scabies are more common in nursing homes, nursing facilities, and child care centers. The mites that cause scabies burrow into the skin and deposit their eggs, forming a burrow that looks like a pencil mark. Eggs mature in 21 days. The itchy rash is an allergic response to the mite. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Scabies ? [/INST] Scabies is spread by skin-to-skin contact with another person who has scabies. Pets and animals cannot spread human scabies. It is also not very likely for scabies to be spread by: A swimming pool Contact with the towels, bedding, and clothing of someone who has scabies, unless the person has what is called "crusted scabies" </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Scabies ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if: You have symptoms of scabies A person you have been in close contact with has been diagnosed with scabies </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Scabies (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Most cases of scabies can be cured without any long-term problems. A severe case with a lot of scaling or crusting may be a sign that the person has a disease such as HIV. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Scarlet fever? [/INST] The most common symptoms of scarlet fever are: Scarlet fever begins with a rash that shows up as tiny red bumps. It most often begins on the chest and stomach but can then spread all over the body. It looks like a sunburn and feels like a rough piece of sandpaper. Most of the time it is redder in the creases of the elbows, arm pits, and groin areas. The rash lasts about 2-7 days. After the rash is gone, the skin on the tips of the fingers and toes begins to peel. Some other common signs of scarlet fever are: A flush face with a pale area around the lips; A red and sore throat that can have white or yellow patches; A fever of 101 degrees Fahrenheit (38.3 degrees Celsius) or higher; Swollen glands in the neck; and A whitish coating can appear on the surface of the tongue. The tongue itself looks like a strawberry because the normal bumps on the tongue look bigger. Other less common signs of illness include: Feeling sick to your stomach (nausea) and throwing up (vomiting); Having a headache; and Having body aches. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Scarlet fever? [/INST] This illness can be caught from contact with the sick person because this germ is carried in the mouth and nasal fluids. The disease can be spread through contact with droplets shed when an infected person coughs or sneezes. If you touch your mouth, nose, or eyes after touching something that has these fluids on them, you may become ill. Also, if you drink from the same glass or eat from the same plate as the sick person, you could also become ill. The best way to keep from getting sick is to wash your hands often and avoid sharing eating utensils. It is especially important for anyone with a sore throat to wash his or her hands often and not share eating or drinking utensils. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Scarlet fever ? [/INST] Scarlet fever usually develops in children, just like colds or the flu are common in children. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Scarlet fever ? [/INST] If you think your child has scarlet fever, take your child to his or her doctor right away. The doctor may give your child drugs that fight germs (antibiotics). Do not let your child return to daycare or school until he or she has taken the antibiotics for at least 24 hours. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Scarlet fever (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Although complications may arise if not treated, scarlet fever goes away after a course of antibiotics. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Scleroderma? [/INST] Some types of scleroderma affect only the skin, while others affect the whole body. Localized scleroderma usually affects only the skin on the hands and face. It develops slowly, and rarely, if ever, spreads throughout the body or causes serious complications. Systemic scleroderma, or sclerosis, may affect large areas of skin and organs such as the heart, lungs, or kidneys. There are two main types of systemic scleroderma: Limited disease (CREST syndrome) and diffuse disease. Skin symptoms of scleroderma may include: Fingers or toes that turn blue or white in response to hot and cold temperatures (See: Raynaud's phenomenon) Hair loss Skin hardness Skin that is abnormally dark or light Skin thickening, stiffness, and tightness of fingers, hands, and forearm Small white lumps beneath the skin, sometimes oozing a white substance that looks like toothpaste Sores (ulcers) on the fingertips or toes Tight and mask-like skin on the face Bone and muscle symptoms may include: Joint pain Numbness and pain in the feet Pain, stiffness, and swelling of fingers and joints Wrist pain Breathing problems may result from scarring in the lungs and can include: Dry cough Shortness of breath Wheezing Digestive tract problems may include: Bloating after meals Constipation Diarrhea Difficulty swallowing Esophageal reflux or heartburn Problems controlling stools (fecal incontinence) </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Scleroderma? [/INST] The cause of scleroderma is unknown. People with this condition have a buildup of a substance called collagen in the skin and other organs. This buildup leads to the symptoms of the disease. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Scleroderma ? [/INST] The disease usually affects people 30 to 50 years old. Women get scleroderma more often than men do. Some people with scleroderma have a history of being around silica dust and polyvinyl chloride, but most do not. Widespread scleroderma can occur with other autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and polymyositis. In such cases, the disorder is referred to as mixed connective disease. </s>