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245334011 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-12-21T06:22:54.419Z | 2021-12-20T00:00:00.000Z | Vaccine hesitancy among communities in ten countries in Asia, Africa, and South America during the COVID-19 pandemic
ABSTRACT Vaccine hesitancy is considered one of the greatest threats to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination programs. Lack of trust in vaccine benefits, along with concerns about side effects of the newly developed COVID-19 vaccine, might significantly contribute to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The objective of this study was to determine the level of vaccine hesitancy among communities in particular their belief in vaccination benefits and perceived risks of new vaccines. An online cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 countries in Asia, Africa, and South America from February to May 2021. Seven items from the WHO SAGE Vaccine Hesitancy Scale were used to measure a construct of belief in vaccination benefit, and one item measured perceived riskiness of new vaccines. A logistic regression was used to determine which sociodemographic factors were associated with both vaccine hesitancy constructs. A total of 1,832 respondents were included in the final analysis of which 36.2% (range 5.6–52.2%) and 77.6% (range 38.3–91.2%) of them were classified as vaccine hesitant in terms of beliefs in vaccination benefits and concerns about new vaccines, respectively. Respondents from Pakistan had the highest vaccine hesitancy while those from Chile had the lowest. Being females, Muslim, having a non-healthcare-related job and not receiving a flu vaccination during the past 12 months were associated with poor beliefs of vaccination benefits. Those who were living in rural areas, Muslim, and those who did not received a flu vaccination during the past 12 months had relatively higher beliefs that new vaccines are riskier. High prevalence of vaccine hesitancy in some countries during the COVID-19 pandemic might hamper COVID-19 vaccination programs worldwide. Programs should be developed to promote vaccination in those sociodemographic groups with relatively high vaccine hesitancy. |
32712461 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:13:09.457Z | 1980-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Recognition of intraduct mammary carcinoma.
When examining breast cancers histologically, I have occasionally reflected on the justification for interpreting the wellrecognised appearances, as shown in Figs 1 and 2, as intraduct carcinoma. 1 thought it was possible that this represented invasive carcinoma, the idiosyncratic morphology of which produced well-circumscribed nests of tumour cells, not necessarily within pre-existing ducts. The presence of a basement membrane round these nests, if shown to be present, would be no proof that they were not invasive since invasive breast carcinomata have been shown to produce basement membrane.' 2 Figures 1 and 2 show the histology of a breast carcinoma from a woman of 48 years who had a lump beneath the areola. On gross examination at excision it was seen to be a comedo carcinoma. Histological examination of the breast lump confirmed this when necrotic infiltrating carcinoma was seen together with 'intraduct' areas, as shown in Figure 1. Interestingly, the 'intraduct' growth seen in Fig. 2 was found in an involved axillary node, which reinforces the feeling that a distinct nest of malignant cells, with or without necrotic centres, does not necessarily mean that these cells are growing in a duct. Either these appearances simply represent a particular morphology of invading clumps of cells or they may represent lymphatic vessels distended by the tumour cells. The latter would serve to explain Figure 2. PN COWEN Department of Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT |
252625561 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-10-01T13:21:10.960Z | 2022-07-18T00:00:00.000Z | Human Action Recognition Using Hybrid Deep Evolving Neural Networks
Human action recognition can be applied in a multitude of fully diversified domains such as active large-scale surveillance, threat detection, personal safety in hazardous environments, human assistance, health monitoring, and intelligent robotics. Owing to its high demands in real-world applications, it has drawn significant attention. In this research, we propose hybrid deep neural networks, i.e. Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) Networks, Long-term Recurrent Convolutional Networks (LRCN), for tackling video action classification. In particular, for the LRCN model, different CNN encoder architectures such as VGG16, ResNet50, DenseNet121 and MobileNet, as well as several Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) variant decoder architectures, such as LSTM, bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), are used for spatial-temporal feature extraction to test model performance. We adopt diverse experimental settings including using different numbers of frames per video and learning configurations to optimize performance. The empirical results indicate the superiority of MobileNet in combination with a BiLSTM network over other hybrid network settings for the action classification using the UCF50 dataset. Owing to the lightweight MobileNet encoder, this LRCN model also achieves a better trade-off between performance and training and inference computational costs, while outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods. |
10244961 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:10:40.961Z | 2012-10-12T00:00:00.000Z | Observation of dynamic interactions between fundamental and second-harmonic modes in a high-power sub-terahertz gyrotron operating in regimes of soft and hard self-excitation.
Dynamic mode interaction between fundamental and second-harmonic modes has been observed in high-power sub-terahertz gyrotrons [T. Notake et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 225002 (2009); T. Saito et al. Phys. Plasmas 19, 063106 (2012)]. Interaction takes place between a parasitic fundamental or first-harmonic (FH) mode and an operating second-harmonic (SH) mode, as well as among SH modes. In particular, nonlinear excitation of the parasitic FH mode in the hard self-excitation regime with assistance of a SH mode in the soft self-excitation regime was clearly observed. Moreover, both cases of stable two-mode oscillation and oscillation of the FH mode only were observed. These observations and theoretical analyses of the dynamic behavior of the mode interaction verify the nonlinear hard self-excitation of the FH mode. |
33983111 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-01-23T22:42:21.292Z | 2017-03-07T00:00:00.000Z | Research on joint segment optimisation and stereo matching
Image segments are often used as a constraint in stereo matching. However, both over-segmentation and under-segmentation can lead to disparity degradation in some regions. To obtain an accurate disparity map, a modified semi-global matching (SGM) algorithm is proposed which is based on adaptive window models. Introducing the object notion and build a new global energy function to optimise segments and estimate a disparity map jointly. The effective and efficient block coordinate descent approach is used to optimise the global energy function by merging small segments. The authors’ demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm on the KITTI and Middlebury benchmarks. The results show that the authors’ algorithm outperforms many state-of-the-art methods and confirm the effectiveness of approach. |
26838461 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:50:29.967Z | 2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Topical corticosteroids and corticosteroid sparing therapy in psoriasis management].
Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, genetically determined, inflammatory dermatosis that affects the skin, scalp and joints. Psoriasis is caused by various triggers (infections, drugs, physical and emotional factors). It ranges in severity from mild to severe, and patients with moderate to severe disease suffer significant deterioration in the quality of life. Clinical types of psoriasis are psoriasis guttata, nummular psoriasis, plaque, generalized and erythrodermic psoriasis. Skin changes affect intertriginous regions (inverse psoriasis), and there also are special forms of pustular psoriasis and arthropathic psoriasis. The goals of psoriasis treatment are to gain initial and rapid control of the disease; to decrease plaque lesions and percentage of body surface area involved, to achieve long-term remission; and to minimize adverse events. Topical treatment for mild psoriasis includes topical corticosteroids, calcipotriene, tazarotene, topical tars, anthralin and keratolytics, and immunomodulators (pimecrolimus, tacrolimus). The treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis includes systemic therapies such as methotrexate, acitretin, cyclosporine, hydroxurea and biologicals. Topical treatment can be effective using combination, rotational or sequential regimens for patients with more severe disease. The aim of successful treatment of psoriasis is fast control of the disease and regression of lesions in a short period, prolonged remission and minimal adverse reaction. Local therapy with various topicals is administered for mild and localized forms of the disease, with or without phototherapy (UVB). Topical corticosteroids are used in a variety of formulations, with a potential ranging from superpotent to least potent (class 1-7), which decrease symptoms in tne first two weeks of treatment with improvement in subsequent weeks; D3 vitamin analog (effective in 6-8 weeks), retinoids (effective in 1-2 weeks), tars (2-4 weeks), anthralin (2-4 weeks), and keratolytics (most effective in combination with corticosteroids. Topical corticosteroids have been the first choice in the treatment of and inflammatory dermatoses since 1952 to the present. Corticosteroids are effective as monotherapy or in combination for sequential or rotational treatment. They are effective in short time, simple for use and inexpensive. Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease that requires long-term therapy. For patients with mild to moderate form, intermittent corticosteroid therapy is the most effective treatment. Every-other-day or weekend-only application may be effective in chronic stage. Calcipotriene and tazarotene are more effective in combination with corticosteroids in the initial weeks of therapy. Tar preparations, anthralin and keratolytics may be used with ultraviolet light and corticosteroids. Topical immunomodulators are effective on the face and intertriginous psoriatic lesions. |
67768361 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-12-20T22:52:56.945Z | 2009-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Agency, Strategic Entrepreneurship, and the Performance of Private Equity–Backed Buyouts
Agency theory has focused on buyouts as a governance and control device to increase profitability, organizational efficiency, and limited attention to growth. A strategic entrepreneurship view of buyouts incorporates upside incentives for value creation associated with growth as well as efficiency gains. In this paper, we develop the complementarity between agency theory and strategic entrepreneurship perspectives to examine the performance implications for different types of buyouts. Further, we study how the involvement of private equity (PE) firms is related to the performance of the post–buyout firm. These issues are examined for a sample of 238 PE–backed buyouts in the UK between 1993 and 2003. Implications for theory and practice are suggested. |
15787911 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 1995-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | The context-tree weighting method: basic properties
Describes a sequential universal data compression procedure for binary tree sources that performs the "double mixture." Using a context tree, this method weights in an efficient recursive way the coding distributions corresponding to all bounded memory tree sources, and achieves a desirable coding distribution for tree sources with an unknown model and unknown parameters. Computational and storage complexity of the proposed procedure are both linear in the source sequence length. The authors derive a natural upper bound on the cumulative redundancy of the method for individual sequences. The three terms in this bound can be identified as coding, parameter, and model redundancy, The bound holds for all source sequence lengths, not only for asymptotically large lengths. The analysis that leads to this bound is based on standard techniques and turns out to be extremely simple. The upper bound on the redundancy shows that the proposed context-tree weighting procedure is optimal in the sense that it achieves the Rissanen (1984) lower bound. > |
134094161 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-27T13:03:57.475Z | 1989-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Description of the Feminises Male Form of Macrobrachium malcomsonii from Prawn Catches in Bangladesh
Male Macrobrachium malcomsonii in drag net catches from the Old Brahmaputra River at Mymensingh, Bangladesh were 87% of the norm.al form and 13% of the feminises form. The latter male form was distinguished from typical males by lighter coloration, less carapace and second cheliped spination and significantly (.01 level) smaller second chelipeds. The second cheliped/body length ratio averaged 1.9 in norm.al males and 0.97 in the feminises form. As the tail yield increased from 36.4% to 51.4% and territorial area was reduced in this form compared to the norm.al males, further studies in terms of aquaculture potential appear warranted. |
81719511 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-18T14:03:58.421Z | 2018-10-26T00:00:00.000Z | Book Review: Handbook of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery
The Handbook of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, edited by David Goldenberg and Bradley J. Goldstein, is a surprisingly comprehensive yet concise pocket reference. As a junior resident, I have found it to be the perfect source to quickly gain knowledge on any topic in otolaryngology. Often hallmark textbooks are overwhelming when attempting to introduce oneself to a topic. However, this reference serves as a great way to begin building one’s foundation of knowledge. It is organized into 9 chapters that are further subdivided into specific topics. Each topic begins by listing key features and reviewing epidemiology. It continues with clinical features, evaluation, treatment options, and follow-up care. Additionally, handbooks are often too concise, with bulleted formats that offer facts without explanation. This guide provides explanations to support the facts, which is necessary to truly build one’s fund of knowledge. The text is supplemented with easy-to-read tables and visually appealing color diagrams that help reinforce the topics. At the end of the book, there are 3 practical appendices covering basic procedures and methods of investigation, the cranial nerves, and ear, nose, and throat emergencies requiring immediate diagnostic and/or therapeutic intervention. The first appendix briefly describes each procedure and then lists its indications as well as advantages and disadvantages. The last appendix is organized in a tabular format, with chapter references listed where readers can learn more about each topic. These are particularly helpful not only in the operating room but for primary call at the beginning of residency. Overall, Handbook of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery is an outstanding resource to learn about otolaryngology. It will benefit not only residents but more experienced clinicians as well. It is an expansive, inclusive, and quick reference. More comprehensive texts can then be used to supplement this foundation of knowledge. Certainly, this is the best handbook currently available. 806487 AORXXX10.1177/0003489418806487Annals of Otology, Rhinology & LaryngologyBook Review book-review2018 |
150343261 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-12-14T22:43:05.200Z | 2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Workplace Whining: Antecedents and Process of Noninstrumental Complaining.
The purpose o f this dissertation was to develop a conceptual scheme that advances understanding o f workplace whining. It reports an investigation into eight theoretically relevant antecedents to workplace whining, classified into four categories (i.e., dispositional, attitudinal, relational, behavioral). Additionally, it explores the role of organization-based self-esteem in mediating the link between each antecedent and workplace whining. Kowalski’s (1996) theory o f complaining and self-esteem theory (Coopersmith, 1967, Epstein, 1973; Jones, 1973; Leary & Downs, 1995, Mruk, 1995; Pierce et al., 1989) provided the primary theoretical underpinnings for a series o f hypothesized relationships. Data on 471 schoolteachers and their immediate supervisors from 25 elementary, middle, and high schools generally support the proposed conceptual scheme, indicating that when individuals detect discrepancies between their ideal states and their perceived actual states they become dissatisfied, which in turn results in a reduction in current levels of organization-based self-esteem. This deflation o f self-esteem then motivates individuals to whine in an effort to distance themselves from negative and dissatisfying states or outcomes. Furthermore, results support full mediation between workplace whining and seven of the eight specified antecedents. That is, the effects of negative affectivity, overall job satisfaction, facet satisfaction, affective commitment, procedural justice, distributive justice, and leader-member exchange with workplace whining were fully mediated through organization-based self-esteem. The relationship between the eighth antecedent (i.e., job performance) and workplace whining was partially mediated by |
199159311 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-08-02T22:40:06.110Z | 2020-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | “Authorized to work in the US”: Examining the myth of porous borders in the era of populism for practicing linguists
This paper explores top-down, enacted, institutional pushbacks to supermobility and superdiversity in the under-examined arena of academia using emerging frameworks in political economy and the geography of mobility. Zooming in on the discoursal framings of a recent year of job advertisements on a popular, open-source forum for linguists supplemented with qualitatively and quantitatively sourced data from international, national, and local institutional contexts, the paper examines how macrocontextual pushes toward political populism combined with a synchronous tightening of job markets in academia have enacted a plethora of labels for temporary work in lieu of permanent academic positions—now, increasingly the only option for job seekers in a hypercompetitive academic market. In this manufacturing of euphemization discourse, we witness the invention of novel, microlinguistically rendered lexicalizations of semiotic redundancy in academic capitalism’s own obfuscation of profit margins, and a concomitant manufacturing of a new discourse of rationality in which floating semiotic signifiers at multiple scales deploy nationality-criteria to justify ethnic exclusion and/or entry into academic space. More crucially, in these commonsensical framings, we encounter both causation and consequence of newly enacted barriers to transnational mobility. In challenging the myth of porous borders for mobile professionals in the post-global moment, these emerging linguistic signifiers point to the ascendancy of a new public affectivity on display in intellectual spheres and a saturation of sentiment toward illiberality. |
22100761 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-09-26T10:43:20.026Z | 2008-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Advance directives for health care among older community residents.
Advance directives (ADs) for healthcare are useful planning tools for older people. In addition, the utilization of ADs is important for health and human services planners, administrators, and policy makers to understand because whether or not people have an AD, and what types of ADs they have can dramatically influence the treatment trajectories and the well-being of older people who can longer make decisions for themselves. Using telephone survey data with a random sample of Oklahoma residents age 60 and older, we examined the prevalence of four measures of AD use. Prior to the implementation of this survey in 2002, the Oklahoma Aging Services Division was very active in promoting two types of AD---the living will and the durable power of attorney for healthcare. More than half of those interviewed had a living will, two-fifths had a durable power of attorney for healthcare, and one-third had both ADs. Older age and higher levels of education were consistently associated with having ADs. |
153349911 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-15T14:32:53.722Z | 2015-01-02T00:00:00.000Z | Empire’s wake: postcolonial Irish writing and the politics of modern literary form
cially gathers momentum in the second half as Zabus brings the force of her historical insights to bear upon her analyses of contemporary texts by Unoma Azuah, Biyi Bandele, Mark Behr, Jude Dibia and Shamim Sarif among others. The closing sections explore how recent testimonials – including, for instance, Nkunzi Zandile Nkabinde’s Black Bull, Ancestors and Me (2008) – relate the embodied experience of desire to different and sometimes conflicting discursive frameworks and epistemological systems, and help to illustrate, with great delicacy, the complexity of same-sex expression and identity formation in Africa today. While she does not overlook prejudice, Zabus gracefully relates the pleasures of sex in the texts under discussion and, in this way, provides a refreshing counter-perspective to the negativity arising from the recent, dismaying legal initiatives to curb and punish same-sex expression in Uganda and Nigeria. |
224769561 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-10-20T13:20:37.442Z | 2020-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Influence of the Flushing Method on the Stable Oxygen Content in the Scr1 Crabe Breathing Loop in the Decompression Phase
Abstract Maintaining a stable oxygen content in the breathing loop of the diving apparatus with a semi-closed respiratory circuit is essential for the safety of underwater mine clearance operations. This article discusses the influence of modified methods of flushing the breathing apparatus on the quality of the breathing loop ventilation process. The problem of flushing an apparatus is presented in light of the Polish Naval Academy’s change from statistical to deterministic decompression schedules, based on the model of apparatus ventilation, oxygen toxicity hazard and decompression. The examination and determination utilising the required accuracy of the method used for flushing the breathing loop of the device allowed to assess the stable oxygen content during the decompression phase. The assumptions were verified based on a system for measuring oxygen content in the breathing loop. |
99747811 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-08T13:11:46.767Z | 2017-04-03T00:00:00.000Z | Hydrogen solubility in model components of Shenhua coal liquefaction oil: Modeling and prediction by an artificial neural network
ABSTRACT Due to unreliable estimations of classical techniques and the complexity of proposed accurate methods, artificial neural networks have been used to model and predict hydrogen solubility in model components of Shenhua coal liquefaction oil. In the first stage, temperature and pressure are inputs of each network and the hydrogen solubility is the output. The largest average relative deviation of the 2-3-1 network has been calculated to be 3.48%. In the second stage, one 3-4-1 network has been designed for all studied systems and the molecular weight of each substance has been used as a new input. The largest average relative deviation of networks has been calculated to be 3.15%. |
248131761 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-04-14T13:09:38.536Z | 2022-03-29T00:00:00.000Z | Folded Spined Cube: New Topology in Interconnection Networks
Mutual connection between networks plays vital role in improving the pursuance of parallel processing, therefore different topologies have been developed in the literature. New variant of hypercube called Folded Spined Cube (FSQn) is proposed in this paper which is suitable for interconnection networks. For the architecture proposed, properties such as nodes, degree, distance, diameter, and cost are derived. A study is conducted between proposed FSQn, and various hypercube variants based on the performance and cost factors. One-to-one optimal routing algorithm for FSQn which is simple and easy to implement is proposed. |
19051511 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:06:59.225Z | 2018-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Suicide Risk Among Holocaust Survivors Following Psychiatric Hospitalizations: A Historic Cohort Study
The association between Holocaust experience, suicide, and psychiatric hospitalization has not been unequivocally established. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of suicide among 3 Jewish groups with past or current psychiatric hospitalizations: Holocaust survivors (HS), survivors of pre-Holocaust persecution (early HS), and a comparison group of similar European background who did not experience Holocaust persecution. In a retrospective cohort study based on the Israel National Psychiatric Case Register (NPCR) and the database of causes of death, all suicides in the years 1981–2009 were found for HS (n = 16,406), early HS (n = 1,212) and a comparison group (n = 4,286). Age adjusted suicide rates were calculated for the 3 groups and a logistic regression model was built to assess the suicide risk, controlling for demographic and clinical variables. The number of completed suicides in the study period was: HS—233 (1.4%), early HS—34 (2.8%), and the comparison group—64 (1.5%). Age adjusted rates were 106.7 (95% CI 93.0–120.5) per 100,000 person-years for HS, 231.0 (95% CI 157.0–327.9) for early HS and 150.7 (95% CI 113.2–196.6) for comparisons. The regression models showed significantly higher risk for the early HS versus comparisons (multivariate model adjusted OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.09–2.60), but not for the HS versus comparisons. These results may indicate higher resilience among the survivors of maximal adversity compared to others who experienced lesser persecution. |
253790311 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-11-23T16:32:01.208Z | 2022-11-23T00:00:00.000Z | In memory of Professor Jan Dewing
Five members of the Post-doctoral International Community of Practice (a subgroup of the Person-centred Practice Research International Community of Practice, of which Jan was formerly the director) came together to agree a process through which we could co-create a poem in memory of Jan. Each of us had developed a relationship with Jan through our doctoral studies, but also through working with her in our organisations and through this journal. These relationships with Jan were unique to each individual but significant for us all. Individually, we each selected Evoke cards (evokecards.com) that spoke to us about our memories and relationship with Jan. Using the cards, we then recorded a video story, sharing our cards and why we had chosen them. We uploaded the stories to an online database so they could be viewed by us all. While looking at the pictures and listening to the stories, we made notes about what was significant for us within the stories. Subsequently, we met virtually to synthesise the collective themes. |
210892211 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-01-26T14:04:42.063Z | 2020-01-17T00:00:00.000Z | A Prospective Head-to-Head Comparison of 18F-Fluciclovine With 68Ga-PSMA-11 in Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer in PET/CT: A Special Aspect in Imaging Local Recurrence: Reply.
The patient featured in this letter was a 37-year-old woman with a notable large black so-called “tribal” tattoo. This tattoo localization and style were rather trendy in the mid-2000s. Several studies from this period showed that tattooed women were more likely to be considered as heavy drinker or sexually promiscuous. In this context, it is not surprising that this tattoo location got the infamous nickname, known as a “tramp stamp.” However, having stated the obvious, I was rather astonished that the authors used this expression in their article (and also how the peer-review process let this happen). Adding “tramp stamp” does not only bring anything to the understanding of the clinical case, but also it is degrading and judgmental for the patient, who kindly agreed to let the picture of her tattoo be published. I wonder if the patient who gave consent for the use of her picture knew about this comment. Even though she would have mentioned it herself to the authors, there was no reason to publish about it. It has been long known that tattoos are vehicle to negative perceptions, and this also applies to the health care provider. Health care professionals should not judge patients by their appearance in clinical practice or in academic publications. |
21909811 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:02:49.330Z | 2016-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Purtscher-like retinopathy in acute alcoholic pancreatitis
A 23-year-old man with a history of alcoholism presented with vomiting, fever, and sharp epigastric pain radiating to the back and flanks. He was diagnosed as a case of acute alcoholic pancreatitis on the basis of clinical findings and investigations. On the next day of presentation, he developed sudden bilateral visual loss. His best-corrected visual acuity was finger counting at one-foot distance in both eyes. He had diffuse whitening in the circumpapillary area, haloes around the retinal vessels (Purtscher flecken) and intra-retinal hemorrhages on ophthalmoscopic examination. Optical coherence tomography revealed bilateral macular edema. These findings were characteristic of Purtscher-like retinopathy. The patient showed systemic and visual improvement at 8 weeks follow-up after receiving the conventional treatment for acute alcoholic pancreatitis. This case emphasizes the importance of fundus examination by an ophthalmologist in the diagnosis of this rare under-diagnosed entity. |
555161 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:07:32.288Z | 1990-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Partial characterization of fucosylated cell surface glycoproteins of cultured RPE.
The major high molecular weight, fucose containing, cell surface glycoproteins of cultured rat retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were partially characterized. One dimensional peptide mapping by the Cleveland method showed that the polypeptide chains of these proteins were not highly related in structure. Incorporation of 3H-mannose into these glycoproteins was equivalent for normal and dystrophic (RCS rdy-p+) RPE. Furthermore, treatment of the glycoproteins from either normal or dystrophic RPE with Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) did not cause a shift in their Mr's, as determined by SDS PAGE. These results suggest that the high Mr glycoproteins do not contain a large quantity of unprocessed, mannose containing core type N-linked oligosaccharides in either normal or dystrophic RPE. Digestion of the 3H-fucose labeled glycoproteins with Peptide N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) demonstrated that at least 90% of the 3H-fucose incorporated into these glycoproteins is in N-linked oligosaccharides. Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F (Endo F) treatment showed that at least 75-80% of the 3H-fucose is located in more terminal positions (distal to the fucose that is found in alpha 1,6 linkage to the asparagine-linked N-acetylglucosamine residue) in N-linked carbohydrate. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that if the dystrophic RPE possesses a defect in glycoprotein processing, then this defect affects terminal processing of oligosaccharides and addition of terminally located fucose residues. A homologous group of high Mr, fucosylated glycoproteins was found in plasma membranes from cultured monkey RPE, suggesting atht they may be common to other species. |
197717461 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-07-21T08:06:44.363Z | 2019-06-14T00:00:00.000Z | Allies Already Poised to Comply: How Social Proximity Affects Lactation at Work Law Compliance
This study demonstrates how legal compliance may be better achieved when organizations include individuals who will advocate for newly codified rights and related accommodations. To understand compliance with a new law and the rights it confers, this article examines as its case study the Lactation at Work law, which amends the Fair Labor Standards Act to mandate basic provisions for employees to express breast milk at work. In particular, this study interviewed those organizational actors who translate the law into the policies affecting workers’ daily lives: supervising mangers and human resources personnel. Those studied in this article were “Allies Already” friends or relatives of breastfeeding workers, or ones themselves, who held pro-breastfeeding values and understood the complexities of combining lactation and employment. They mobilized within their organization to comply with the law swiftly and fully – often even over-complying. This article demonstrates how heightened compliance, particularly with new laws, may be achieved even without directly-affected actors mobilizing their own rights if allies champion needed accommodations. |
225338811 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-08-20T10:03:31.997Z | 2020-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Transformation of myeloproliferative neoplasms to acute leukaemia
Clinically chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms are biphasic or triphasic diseases that are usually diagnosed in the initial ‘chronic’, ‘indolent’, or ‘stable’ phase and then spontaneously evolve after some years into an advanced phase. In patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia, the advanced phase can sometimes be subdivided into an earlier accelerated phase and a later blast phase resembling acute leukaemia. Patients with essential thrombocythaemia and polycythaemia vera transform initially to myelofibrosis and then to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Rarely they transform directly from the initial indolent phase to AML; patients with primary myelofibrosis also transform directly to AML. Although much is known about the molecular biology and genomic landscape of the initial phases, the molecular basis of disease progression and transformation remains obscure. The clinical management of transformed disease is generally difficult, and most patients tend to have a poor prognosis. This chapter reviews what is known of the mechanisms underlying the transformation of these myeloproliferative neoplasms from a chronic phase to frank leukaemia and also discusses the current and future treatment strategies. |
247404811 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-03-12T16:14:02.263Z | 2022-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Extimacies: Strange Attachments in James Hogg, Robert Louis Stevenson, and Margaret Oliphant
The intense, uncanny relationship between intimacy and exclusion, homeliness and strangeness finds evocative expression in the Gothic tales and ghost stories of James Hogg, Robert Louis Stevenson, and Margaret Oliphant. Their narratives resist and open themselves to haunting, with the supernatural alterity they encounter proving oddly familiar and posing fundamental questions about knowledge and subjectivity. In these moments, distinctions between inside and outside in psychic, social and environmental terms are radically unsettled. Using Jacques Lacan’s notion of ‘extimacy,’ an ‘intimate exteriority’ that constitutes an estranged attachment to the stranger within, this article examines the unresolved struggle in Hogg and Stevenson with this intimate yet agitating sense of otherness that disrupts the assertion of identity. Contrastingly, Oliphant attempts to accommodate the extimate, and embraces her obligations to that which haunts. |
40885411 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:57:12.930Z | 1984-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Role of complement in host resistance against members of the Bacteroidaceae.
Considerable evidence has been reported in recent years suggesting that complement plays an important role in host resistance against members of the Bacteroidaceae. Most of the investigations in this area have focused on the genus Bacteroides because of its clinical importance. Various species of Bacteroides have been shown to activate the complement system in vitro via the classical and alternative pathways. Complement activation results in the generation of chemotactic factors that mobilize polymorphonuclear leukocytes to sites of infection. Activated complement also facilitates bacteriolysis and opsonophagocytic killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. Strains possessing dense fibrillar polysaccharide capsules are resistant to both of these defense mechanisms. The putative importance of complement-dependent bacteriolysis and opsonophagocytic killing in resistance against Bacteroides infections in vivo requires confirmation. In addition, the role of complement in synergistic interactions between Bacteroides and facultative bacteria remains to be elucidated. |
20939361 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:44:25.587Z | 1979-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Sodium acetate as a preservative in protein hydrolysate solutions.
The inhibitory effect of sodium acetate on microorganism growth in protein hydrolysate solutions was studied. Solutions of 5% protein hydrolysate and 5% dextrose in water (seven parts) and 50% dextose in water (three parts) containing 0, 30, 50 and 90 mEq/liter of sodium acetate were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The number of colony-forming units in the solutions after inoculation was compared with that after incubation for 24 hours at 37 C. Sodium acetate inhibited growth of S aureus and E coli. Growth of P aeruginosa was inhibited in protein hydrolysate solutions with and without sodium acetate; inhibition could not be attributed solely to sodium acetate and may have been releated to pH of the solutions (4.7 to 5.4). Growth of C albicans was not inhibited by sodium acetate. Sodium acetate reduced growth of some common contaminants of protein hydrolysates. Sodium acetate is known to reduce metabolic acidosis, a reported complication of parenteral nutrient therapy and a possible predisposing factor in C albicans sepsis. Addition of sodium acetate to protein hydrolysate solutions should be considered seriously. |
3101211 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:24:42.795Z | 1985-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Two defects in old New Zealand Black mice are involved in the loss of low-dose paralysis to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide.
Treatment of normal mice with a subimmunogenic dose of type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III) results in the development of an antigen-specific state of unresponsiveness termed low-dose paralysis. This unresponsiveness is mediated by T suppressor cells and can be transferred by Lyt-2+ T cells, but not by L3T4+ T cells, obtained 18 hr after priming. As autoimmune New Zealand Black (NZB) mice age, there is a progressive decrease in low-dose paralysis to SSS-III. The defect in older NZB mice resulting in decreased suppressive activity was investigated by transferring primed Lyt-2+ T cells from young into old mice, and vice versa. Enlarged Lyt-2+ T cells from old NZB mice could not suppress the SSS-III response of young recipients. However, Lyt-2+ T cells of normal cell size were efficient in inhibiting the antibody response upon transfer. Primed Lyt-2+ T cells from young NZB mice did not affect the response of old recipients, but effectively suppressed the response of young mice. These results suggest that there are two defects involved in the decline of low-dose paralysis to SSS-III in aging NZB mice: Enlarged Lyt-2+ T cells may lose their ability to function as mediators of suppression; and B cells may become resistant to T cell-mediated suppression. |
6450261 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2004-03-27T00:00:00.000Z | Identification of protein complexes by comparative analysis of yeast and bacterial protein interaction data
Mounting evidence shows that many protein complexes are conserved in evolution. Here we use conservation to find complexes that are common to yeast S. Cerevisiae and bacteria H. pylori. Our analysis combines protein interaction data, that are available for each of the two species, and orthology information based on protein sequence comparison. We develop a detailed probabilistic model for protein complexes in a single species, and a model for the conservation of complexes between two species. Using these models, one can recast the question of finding conserved complexes as a problem of searching for heavy subgraphs in an edge- and node-weighted graph, whose nodes are orthologous protein pairs.We tested this approach on the data currently available for yeast and bacteria and detected 11 significantly conserved complexes. Several of these complexes match very well with prior experimental knowledge on complexes in yeast only, and serve for validation of our methodology. The complexes suggest new functions for a variety of uncharacterized proteins. By identifying a conserved complex whose yeast proteins function predominantly in the nuclear pore complex, we propose that the corresponding bacterial proteins function as a coherent cellular membrane transport system. We also compare our results to two alternative methods for detecting complexes, and demonstrate that our methodology obtains a much higher specificity. |
201837161 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-09-06T13:06:04.853Z | 2019-08-30T00:00:00.000Z | [Sexual Quality of Life in Patients with Cervical Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy].
To investigate the sexual quality of life and its influencing factors in patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Methods Totally 205 patients with cervical cancer who received radiotherapy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December 2013 to December 2018 were enrolled in this study.The Female Sexual Function Index(FSFI)scale was used to assess the sexual quality of life of these patients.The demographic data(including age,education level,marital status,family status,and occupation)and clinical data(including tumor stage and treatment method)were collected.Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the influence of various factors on the sexual quality of life. Results Female sexual dysfunction was common among patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy.The total FSFI score was 5.5(3.6,16.3),and the scores of subscales were as follows:desire,1.20(0,1.80);sexual arousal,0.90(0,1.80);vaginal lubrication,0.30(0,3.30);orgasm,0(0,2.80);satisfaction,2.40(1.60,3.60);and sexual pain,0(0,2.80).Age(P=0.010),duration of radiotherapy(P=0.008),marital status(P=0.020),family status(P=0.010),and occupation(P=0.024)were influential factors of sexual quality of life in cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Conclusions The sexual quality of life of patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy is affected by multiple factors.Instructions on treatment,mental status,and post-treatment sexual life should be offered in an individualized way to improve the sexual quality of life of these patients. |
23565011 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:30:01.848Z | 1999-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Measurement of calcium content in the blood and other biological fluids by Arsenazo III complexone].
A method of photometric measurement of total calcium in the serum and other biological liquids using Arsenazo III color complexone is offered. Physicochemical characteristics of Arsenazo III (mol extinction, affinity for other ions, spectral characteristics, and its complex with calcium) are described. Calcium was measured in 750 normal subjects, its reference value was 2.15-2.75 mmol/liter, the mean value 2.47 mmole/liter. In semiautomated measurement CV% was about 5%. The reagent is convenient, particularly for automated analyzers; no other reagent are needed, it can be stored for a long time at room temperature, and gives stable results. |
143786311 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-04T13:05:34.597Z | 2005-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Emotional Suppression to Regulated Empathy: From One Face of Control to Another
Abstract During the 1970s the neutral face of bureaucracy in the Australian national employment service was partially replaced by emotional expression. New recruits introduced emotions as a coping strategy in response to work intensification and insufficient training. As government policies subsequently weakened bureaucratic control mechanisms of internal labour markets while also adopting private sector management techniques, emotions became recognised as part of improved service delivery. Measurement and evaluation followed, moving the use of emotions full circle—from suppression, to autonomous use, to recognition, to prescription (or regulated empathy). Two key points are argued. Firstly, workers did not experience emotional labour equally. Secondly, part of the motivation for management s recognition and incorporation of emotions into policy must be perceived as an attempt to tighten behavioural controls over workers, through a customer service focus. |
21647511 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:13:54.232Z | 2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | A new record of Dasyatid fish in China: Dasyatis laosensis.
One specimen was collected from the main course of Lancangjiang River (upper reach of Mekong) in Guanlei Port, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China in April, 2008. It is identified as Dasyatis laosensis, a new record of Dasyatidae species in China. It could be distinguished from other Dasyatis species by a combination of the following characteristics: one enlarged venomous spine on the tail, ventral surface of body with orange marginal coloration, tail length greater than body length. |
7611541 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:37:30.631Z | 1971-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Environmental influence on intrauterine lung development.
Recent advances in developmental biology suggest that alterations in functional maturation of specific organs may serve as a model to assess adverse effects of environmental factors. Maturation of the mammalian lung depends on integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis controlling glucocorticoid production and interference with this system retards or prevents acquisition by the lung of factors essential for extrauterine existence. |
14468241 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-04-02T09:19:13.252Z | 2010-11-26T00:00:00.000Z | The anti-diabetic drug metformin suppresses the metastasis-associated protein CD24 in MDA-MB-468 triple-negative breast cancer cells.
CD24, a mucin-like adhesion molecule that enhances the metastatic potential of malignant cells, has been suggested to be a marker of poor prognosis in breast carcinomas. The tumor-initiating potential of CD44posCD24pos cell populations has been recently recognized and, accordingly, distant metastases are largely composed of CD24-positive cells in breast cancer patients refractory to treatment. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies aimed at down-regulating CD24 may negatively regulate the dissemination of tumor cells and formation of metastasis. Here, we reveal that suppression of CD24 protein expression is a crucial event in the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth-inhibitory effects of the anti-diabetic drug metformin in MDA-MB-468 triple-negative (basal-like) breast cancer cells. First, we confirmed that, among the different molecular classes of breast cancer, basal-like breast cancer cells were significantly more sensitive to the growth-inhibitory effects of metformin. Second, we observed a positive correlation between the growth inhibitory activity of metformin and the relative enrichment in cells bearing the CD44posCD24pos immunophenotype. Third, high-content indirect immunofluorescence imaging assays revealed that CD24 protein levels were drastically decreased in the presence of growth-inhibitory concentrations of metformin. Fourth, to preliminary assess the clinical relevance of metformin's anti-CD24 effects we took advantage of the recently developed ROCK online interface (http://rock.icr.ac.uk/), a publicly accessible portal that allows rapid integration of breast cancer functional and molecular profiling datasets. When we evaluated the impact of CD24 expression on distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in microarray gene expression breast cancer datasets, Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and log-rank tests comparing DMSF for CD24-high and CD24-low breast carcinomas revealed that patients with CD24-high tumors tended to have a shorter DMFS. These findings, altogether, suggest that the ability of metformin to suppress the oncogene, metastasis promoter and breast cancer stem cell marker CD24 may open a novel molecular avenue in the therapeutic management of highly-metastastic subgroups of triple-negative (basal-like) breast cancers naturally enriched with CD44posCD24pos tumor-initiating cell populations. |
238667491 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-10-14T00:07:13.888Z | 2021-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Measuring Customer Satisfaction With the University Front Line Services Using Association Rules
Customer satisfaction and quality services are among the global issues plaguing organizations. This study aimed at finding words/word patterns on comments and/or feedback from Facebook pages on the services provided by the frontline services of PSU-Urdaneta City campus to measure customer satisfaction by utilizing linguistics-based pattern recognition approach. This study employed association rules using the frequent-pattern growth (FP-growth), which adopts a divide-and-conquer strategy for finding frequent item sets. Meaningful patterns of negative comments on the services provided by some of the offices implying unsatisfactory customer service were revealed. However, there were also positive and satisfactory customer services provided by various offices as evidenced by positive comments addressed to the quality of rendered services. The result implies that sentiment analysis and word association can be utilized to measure customer satisfaction and serve as a tool to enrich and improve the frontline services provided by the institution to their clientele. |
152009691 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-10T13:07:12.036Z | 2018-01-02T00:00:00.000Z | How do social work novices and experts solve professional problems? A micro-analysis of epistemic activities and the use of evidence
ABSTRACT Evidence-based practice in social work is an intensely debated topic, with many differing perspectives on how it should be done. However, we know surprisingly little about how social workers actually engage in professional problem-solving and about the knowledge base of those processes. To shed light on this topic of social work expertise, we present a novel model of scientific reasoning and argumentation and investigate how experts and novices differ in the reasoning processes they engage in as they are confronted with social work problems. Vignettes were used to capture reasoning processes, and the corresponding verbal data were then analysed. In this study, 26 probation officers and 22 social work students participated. The findings show that experts differ from novices with respect to both their knowledge bases and the epistemic activities in which they engage. Furthermore, a cluster analysis revealed three common problem-solving strategies: evidence-based solution seeking (15 experts and 15 novices), shared problem-solving (8 experts) and explanation seeking (1 expert and 7 novices). The results indicate the need to improve the practical problem-solving skills of students through situated teaching methods. |
56287691 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-12-15T03:47:51.211Z | 2002-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Mixing of two fluids streams in a microchannel using the Taylor-Aris dispersion effect
Taylor-Aris dispersion is an unwanted effect in some applications, such as chromatography, because of its rapid dispersion along channel axis direction to cause the difficulties to separation. However, this effect can be used in solving mixing problems. In this presentation, the authors studied mixing of two streams of food dye solution in a microchannel. The two liquids sandwiched in the axis direction, and due to non-slip boundary condition, the slugs of liquids stretched and thus increase their interfacial area. This phenomena was firstly studied by Taylor about the dispersion of solute in a circular capillary, and then improved by Aris. Numerical analysis was applied to design mixing section in microchannels, and simplified experiments were conducted to illustrate the concept. |
29413891 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:23:43.941Z | 1999-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | On the robust adaptive stabilization of a class of nominally first-order hybrid systems
This paper presents a robust adaptive stabilization scheme for a class of nominally first-order and controllable hybrid time-invariant linear systems involving both continuous and discrete parametrizations and signals. The usual assumptions of inverse stability of the plant and knowledge of the high-frequency gain are not required. The design philosophy relies on the separation of the contributions of continuous and discrete dynamics to the output by generating two associate additive terms to build the control action. The controllability of the nominally estimated plant model is maintained by using a hysteresis switching function. This allows relaxing the assumption of stability of the plant inverse. |
15073941 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-04-03T19:54:13.933Z | 1999-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Lack of evidence for a polymorphism at codon 160 of human O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase gene in normal tissue and cancer.
O6-benzylguanine (BG) is a potent, specific inactivator of the DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), which enhances sensitivity to nitrosoureas in cells and tumor-bearing animals. BG is presently undergoing clinical trials for development as an agent to enhance the therapeutic index of alkylating agent chemotherapy. It has been reported that a polymorphism exists in the human agt gene, with about 15% of the Japanese population having arginine at codon 160 instead of glycine on the polypeptide (Y. Imai et al., Carcinogenesis, 16: 2441-2445, 1995). The resultant mutant AGT protein is equally effective against both methylated DNA as compared with wild type protein. However, this mutant AGT protein was less sensitive to inactivation by BG with a 20-fold increase in the ED50 value. This observation raised the possibility that a subpopulation of patients may be resistant to BG due to a single base change. We have demonstrated that this alteration also reduces the sensitivity to O6-benzyl-8-oxoguanine, an equally potent, yet much longer-lived human metabolite of BG. To test the possibility that this germ-line mutation of the agt gene might explain resistance to BG and O6-benzyl-8-oxoguanine of patients on our Phase I clinical trials, we evaluated the DNA from lymphocytes of 18 patients. The G160R mutation was not found in any of the 18 patients. To determine the frequency of this mutation in the United States population, DNA from 181 healthy individuals were investigated and, again, the mutation was not observed in this cohort. Therefore, if the mutation exists, it is in statistically <1.6% of the United States noncancerous population. To investigate the possibility that this mutation might be somatic, we evaluated genomic DNA samples from 94 human primary cancers of four different histological subtypes (brain, colon, esophageal, and head and neck). Again, none were found to have the G160R mutation. |
216780991 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-01-16T09:08:30.712Z | 2018-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Dynamical environments of MU69: a state of chaotic clearing
Abstract The second (after Pluto) plausible target object for the New Horizons mission is 2014 MU69. It is a classical TNO, a primordial contact binary. Identifying any material in the vicinities of a target object is of an especial concern for planning cosmic fly-byes, as it is hazardous for a space probe. Luckily, no such material has been reported for MU69 up to now. The point of our report is that this lucky absence is just a dynamical consequence of the physical nature of MU69. Spinning gravitating dumbbells create zones of dynamical chaos around them, and this has a clearing effect: any material put in orbits around a rotating dumbbell (e.g., any material ejected from its surface) cannot be long-lived in such zones; it either escapes into space, or returns to the parent body’s surface. As the orbiting matter is removed in this way, a spinning gravitating dumbbell clears its vicinities. We show that MU69 is able to create such a clearing, making itself a safe and hospitable target for a space mission. Therefore, the guest probe is expected to be safe on arrival. |
53114491 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-11-11T12:38:52.281Z | 2018-07-13T00:00:00.000Z | Are Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas That Are Candidates for Active Surveillance in Fact Classical Microcarcinomas Restricted to the Gland?
Background: Patients with small papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) can currently be maintained under active surveillance (AS). The recommended criteria are the following: adult individual, tumor ≤1 cm and not adjacent to the trachea or recurrent laryngeal nerve, cytology non-suggestive of the aggressive subtype, absence of lymph node (LN) involvement and extrathyroidal extension (ETE) on ultrasonography (US), and absence of clinical distant metastases. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of the following peri- and postoperative findings in patients who met the criteria for PTC being candidate for AS: tumor > 1 cm, aggressive subtype or vascular invasion, ETE, clinical LN metastases (cN1), and distant metastases. Methods: We reviewed the results of peri- and postoperative evaluation and histology of patients with a preoperative diagnosis of PTC who would currently be candidates for AS. Results: There were 124 patients (102 women) with nodules ≤1 cm (range 4–10 mm). All nodules corresponded to papillary microcarcinomas on histology and none of them were > 1 cm. Only one microcarcinoma (0.8%) was of the tall-cell subtype. Vascular invasion was found in 10 microcarcinomas (8%). None of the microcarcinomas were staged as T3b or T4, although microscopic ETE was observed in 25 tumors (20%). In 8 patients (6.4%), central LN involvement was suspected during perioperative evaluation and was confirmed by histology (cN1a). None of the patients had distant metastases (M0). Conclusion: Findings that define an intermediate risk of recurrence and favor total thyroidectomy were observed in 31.5% of patients with PTC who are candidates for AS. |
12769041 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-03-07T18:39:34.000Z | 2007-02-09T00:00:00.000Z | Measurement of the top quark mass in the lepton+jets channel using the ideogram method
A measurement of the top quark mass using events with one charged lepton, missing transverse energy, and jets in the final state, collected by the D0 detector from p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, is presented. A constrained fit is used to fully reconstruct the kinematics of the events. For every event a top quark mass likelihood is calculated taking into account all possible jet assignments and the probability that an event is signal or background. Lifetime-based identification of b jets is employed to enhance the separation between t (t) over bar signal and background from other physics processes and to improve the assignment of the observed jets to the quarks in the t (1) over bar hypothesis. We extract a multiplicative jet energy scale (JES) factor in situ, greatly reducing the systematic effect related to the jet energy measurement. In a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 425 pb(-1), we observe 230 candidate events, with an estimated background of 123 events, and measure m(t)=173.7 +/- 4.4(stat+JES)(-2.0)(+2.1)(syst) GeV. This result represents the first application of the ideogram technique to the measurement of the top quark mass in lepton+jets events. |
174817741 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-06-07T20:32:30.385Z | 2020-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Atypical papillitis: An isolated manifestation of Lyme disease
Lyme disease is a rare condition caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. Despite typical symptoms including fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash, sometimes we cannot find those due to the lack of physician consultation in those early stages. If this disease is left untreated, infection could spread to the nervous system causing neuroborreliosis, an atypical and complicated manifestation of this disease. We present the case of an atypical papillitis, probably caused by this bacterium. We suspected this because of the results on the indirect test bloods and the improvement of the symptoms after treatment. This entity should be considered as a possible diagnosis of atypical optical neuropathies, particularly if it occurs in an endemic area. |
46930691 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-06-21T13:03:54.599Z | 2018-06-05T00:00:00.000Z | Changes in the fractionation profile of Al, Ni, and Mo during bioleaching of spent hydroprocessing catalysts with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
ABSTRACT Spent hydroprocessing catalysts are known to contain a variety of potentially toxic metals and therefore studies on the bioavailability and mobility of these metals are critical for understanding the possible environmental risks of the spent catalysts. This study evaluates the different chemical fractions/forms of aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), and molybdenum (Mo) in spent hydroprocessing catalyst and the changes they undergo during bioleaching with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. In the spent catalyst (prior to bioleaching), Al was primarily present in its residual form, suggesting its low environmental mobility. However, Ni comprised mainly an exchangeable fraction, indicating its high environmental mobility. Molybdenum was mainly in the oxidizable form (47.1%), which indicated that highly oxidizing conditions were required to liberate it from the spent catalyst. During bioleaching the exchangeable, reducible and oxidizable fractions of all the metals were leached, whereas the residual fractions remained largely unaffected. At the end of bioleaching process, the metals remaining in the bioleached sample were predominantly in the residual fraction (98.3–99.5%). The ‘risk assessment code’ (RAC) and IR analysis also demonstrated that the environmental risks of the bioleached residue were significantly lower compared to the untreated spent catalyst. The results of this study suggest that bioleaching is an effective method in removing the metals from spent catalysts and the bioleached residue poses little environmental risk. |
51711191 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-08-06T13:23:14.076Z | 2018-07-23T00:00:00.000Z | Evolution of the Local Structure within Chromophoric Mn-O5 Trigonal Bipyramids in YMn1- xIn xO3 with Composition.
We have investigated the local environment around Mn3+ and In3+ ions in YMn1- xIn xO3 chromophores to understand the origin of the intense blue color for small values of x in these solid solutions. While X-ray diffraction results provide an average description of the trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) units about Mn/In atoms with five oxygens surrounding the cation, the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) as well as extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of these materials clearly suggest the presence of two different TBP environments, one of which is similar to MnO5 TBP in YMnO3. EXAFS in conjunction with first-principles calculations show that replacing larger In3+ ions by smaller Mn3+ ones additionally gives rise to another TBP strongly distorted along the axial direction, expanding one of the axial Mn-O bonds by ∼11%. The relative fraction of these two environments changes in close agreement with the global stoichiometry with the elongated TBP, therefore, being dominant in the regime of the low Mn content. This local structural difference is responsible for the intense, but relatively narrow, absorption feature in the red-yellow region of the absorption spectrum, and hence YMn1- xIn xO3 appears blue for small Mn dopings. This distortion is relatively less abundant in Mn-rich compositions, and therefore, such compositions appear black, controlled by the wide absorption feature of the trigonal bipyramid coordination with Mn-O bond lengths that are essentially the same as those in YMnO3, covering the entire visible range. The chromophore properties are, thus, governed by the ratio of these two MnO5 TBP environments, one with a characteristic optical absorption giving it a blue color and the other absorbing over the entire visible range. |
22479541 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:41:30.086Z | 1996-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Heat-Shock Protein and C-fos Expression in Focal Microvascular Brain Damage
Cortical brain damage was produced in rats by a focal pulse from a Nd-YAG laser, and evolution of the lesion was evaluated at 30 min, and 2, 8, and 24 h with respect to microvascular perfusion, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and expression of both the heat-shock/stress protein, hsp72, and the c-fos proto-oncogene transcription factor. A double-labeling fluorescence technique employing intravenously injected Evans blue albumin (EBA) and fluorescein-labeled dextran was used to map and measure BBB damage and microvascular perfusion in fresh frozen brain sections. Hsp72 and c-fos mRNAs were localized by in situ hybridization, and the respective proteins were identified by immunocytochemistry. Parallel sections were stained for glial fibrillary acidic protein and for routine histologic examination. Striking hsp72 mRNA expression was evident by 2 h in an ∼300 μm wide rim surrounding an area of expanding BBB damage. Increased hsp72 mRNA was observed only in regions of preserved microcirculation, where the hsp72 protein was subsequently localized exclusively in the vasculature at 24 h after the insult. Hsp72-positive endothelial cells spanned the narrow margin between the lesion and histologically normal, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cortical tissue. There was no hsp72 expression in the area of subcortically migrating edema fluid. Inductions of c-fos mRNA and Fos protein were not strikingly evident around the focal brain lesion, but were observed transiently throughout the injured hemisphere at 30 min and 2.5 h, respectively, indicating that spreading depression was triggered by the focal injury. These results are in striking contrast to those previously obtained from studies of models of focal ischemic or traumatic brain injury, which are characterized by a complex pattern of glial and neuronal hsp72 expression in the periphery of an infarct, and which suggest that the tightly demarcated lesion produced by the Nd-YAG laser lacks these components of graded injury that are evident following other types of focal brain damage. |
13406441 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:39:29.889Z | 1995-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Percutaneously Inserted Silastic Jugular Hemodialysis Catheters Seldom Cause Jugular Vein Thrombosis
&NA; To find out whether internal jugular vein cannulation with a soft silastic hemodialysis access catheter causes jugular vein thrombosis, the authors carried out Doppler ultrasound examinations on 96 patients receiving hemodialysis who had undergone 144 separate catheter insertion episodes in 116 veins. Two internal jugular vein thromboses were found in 101 veins that had been the site of percutaneous insertions only. In addition, 5 internal jugular vein thromboses were identified in 15 veins that had been cannulated surgically with the Quinton PermCath. The authors conclude that percutaneous internal jugular vein cannulation for hemodialysis access causes an acceptably low incidence of jugular vein damage. This strengthens the case for preferential use of the internal jugular vein for vascular access in patients with end‐stage renal failure, and suggests that percutaneous cannulation is less damaging than surgical insertion. ASAIO Journal 1995; 41:169‐172. |
41627491 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:05:13.526Z | 2008-12-17T00:00:00.000Z | Improving workforce is crucial to viability of Europe’s health services, commission says
The European Commission has launched a consultative green paper setting out the challenges that it thinks national health services will face in the coming decades, particularly with regard to workforce issues.
The 15 page document aims “to increase the visibility of the issues facing the EU health workforce, to generate a clearer picture of the extent to which local and/or national health managers face the same challenges and to provide a better basis for considering what could be done at EU level to address these problems effectively.”
The commission says that, against … |
85750941 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-30T13:11:30.979Z | 2003-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Protandry and Its Relationship with Adult Size in Some Spanish Stoneflies Species (Plecoptera)
Abstract Protandry in 11 stonefly (Plecoptera) species (representing five families) from Sierra Nevada (Spain) has been studied (recorded and quantified) over their flight period. All species exhibited a positive protandry coefficient (range, 0.07–0.33), indicating that no species shows proteroginy. Protandry was less pronounced in species having extended flight periods, brief flight periods, or highly concentrated flight maximums. The degree of protandry did not correlated with the degree of sexual dimorphism in size, contradicting the theoretical prediction of increased dimorphism with increased protandry. |
26230041 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-19T01:23:41.003Z | 2016-11-22T00:00:00.000Z | Poster: Design consideration of 60 GHz low power low-noise amplifier in 65 nm CMOS
This paper presents a design of fully differential low-noise amplifier (LNA) used for 60 GHz low power wireless communication in 65 nm CMOS technology. The proposed LNA consists of an input stage employing capacitive cross-coupling technique and an gain stage using current-reuse techniques. The simulated amplifier achieves both input and output matching better than -15dB, a forward gain of 15 dB, a noise figure of 4.7 dB, an input IP3 of -14dBm and the power consumption is 5 mW. The author also proposed a simple design method based on "black box" approach, which can be used for low power LNA design. |
229014641 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-10-29T09:07:49.354Z | 2020-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | G384(P) No news isn’t necessarily good news: regional experience of exception reporting by trainees
G383(P) Table 1 Emerging themes Recommendations 1. Tackling work pressures Heavy workload, regular tasks that could be done by non-medical practitioners and documentation duplication. QI projects to streamline processes e.g. finding procedure consumables. Encouraging upskilling of non-medical professionals. 2. Rest Breaks and safe travel home Excessive workload, rota gaps and poor/no rest facilities. Sleep advice as part of all trusts’ induction programmes. Changes to travel home arrangements due with 2019 Junior Doctor |
9530891 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-11T02:40:57.246Z | 2006-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | A Self Oscillating Voltage Controller for Applications with High Bandwidth
In case of electro-technical body tests, it is necessary to use voltage-controlled converters with large bandwidth and fast dynamics. Recently, a novel pulse width modulation has been investigated. It has permitted to design regulators in order to reach an accurate tracking of current or voltage references. Here, the first version of the voltage controller is improved in order to target these new specifications. Indeed, it is necessary to get a bandwidth of a couple of kiloHertz, with a phase shift lower than ten degrees. This goal is reached |
5952841 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:29:02.057Z | 2011-03-07T00:00:00.000Z | Human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue and amnion influence T-cells depending on stimulation method and presence of other immune cells.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells exerting immunomodulatory effects on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. It has been shown that an inflammatory milieu is required for the activation of MSC-mediated immunomodulation, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) plays an important role in this process. We determined the influence of IFN-γ on human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs). We further evaluated the effect of MSCs on stimulated T-cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a cell-contact independent setting. On IFN-γ treatment, ASCs and hAMSCs possessed significantly higher antiproliferative properties and showed surface characteristics of nonprofessional antigen presenting cells (HLA-DR(+)CD40(med+)CD54(high)) with a possible regulatory phenotype (PD-L1(+)PD-L2(+)). The effect of ASCs and hAMSCs on cytokine secretion and T-cell activation was dependent on stimulation method and cellular context. Although ASCs and hAMSCs highly inhibited cytokine secretion of stimulated PBMCs, this was not observed in the case of purified T-cells. The presence of ASCs even favored the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ by T-cells, although T-cell proliferation was efficiently inhibited. Further, ASCs enhanced the number of CD69(+) T-cells independent of the stimuli and cellular context. Interestingly, ASCs significantly suppressed CD25 expression on phytohemagglutinin stimulated PBMCs but had no effect on αCD3/αCD28 stimulated cells. Depending on the stimulation method and cellular context, immune cells create a specific cytokine milieu in vitro, thus differently influencing MSCs and, in turn, affecting their action on immune cells. |
35332041 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:52:53.524Z | 2005-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Influences of FVP1 on the curative and negative effects of CTX].
OBJECTIVE
To observe the influences of FVP1 on both curative and negative effects of CTX.
METHOD
The present study included two parts of experiments. In the part 1, 0.2 mL of 1 x 10(7) mL(-1) of S180 cells were inoculated in the subcutaneous layer of the right armpit of mice. All the mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, in which mice were given with normal saline in 10 consecutive days, CTX group, in which mice were injected with 30 mg of CTX in the first and third days and saline in the other 8 days during the 10 consecutive days of treatment, and FVP1 and CTX group, in which the mice were injected with 30 mg x kg(-1) of CTX in the first and third days and FVP1 at 10 mg x kg(-1) in all 10 consecutive days of treatment. After above 10-day treatment , all the mice were killed and the tumor body was taken out and weighed to calculate the inhibiting rates on tumor. In the part 2 of experiments all the mice were divided into 3 groups: Normal control group, in which mice were not treated with any drugs, CTX-induced model group of inhibiting immune system, in which mice were injected with CTX at dose of 10 mg x kg(-1) in first two days and saline in the following 7 days; and small-, meddle-and large-dosage of FVP1 groups, in which mice were injected with CTX at the same dose as above in first two days and FVP1 intraperitoneally at 5, 10 and 20 mg x kg(-1) respectively in the following 7 days. CTX group was regarded as the control model. After the treatment, the peripheral white cells, thymus index, spleen index, the phagocytic power of macrophage of abdominal cavity, lymphocyte trastation rate and the activity of NK cell were detected.
RESULT
(DFVP1 plus small dose of CTX obviously enhanced the inhibiting rate of CTX on tumor in the mice inoculated with S180 cells. (2) FVP1 at the different dose obviously antagozized CTX-induced leucopenia, atrophy, reduction of the phagocytic power of macrophage in abdominal cavity and restored the function of lymphocyte translation and the activity of NK cells.
CONCLUSION
FPV1 could enhance the curative effect of CTX in depressing tumor and attenuate the negative effect of CTX in inhibiting the function of immune system. |
12808591 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:33:58.223Z | 1985-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Differentiating dental satisfaction in Finns by means of discriminant analyses.
In March 1983 dental satisfaction was studied by interviews with a sample comprising 957 persons drawn to cover the total Finnish population aged 15 yr or over. 34% of the interviewees wore removable dentures of some kind. 78% of persons with only natural teeth and 56% of denture wearers were satisfied with their dentition (subjective estimation of dentition excellent or good). Among persons with only natural teeth the level of satisfaction differed significantly with respect to sex, age, toothbrushing frequency and the latest dental visit. Such a difference was not found among denture wearers. The time elapsed since the latest dental visit was the most important single variable in the discriminant analyses of the level of satisfaction both in the whole series and among persons with only natural teeth. Sex was the only variable in the discriminant analysis which related to satisfaction with dentition among denture wearers. The classification of dissatisfied persons, with and without removable dentures, was far from adequate. It was rarely possible to predict satisfaction with removable dentures using discriminant analysis. The results depict the complexity of the problem. More understanding is needed of the contributions of psychologic factors to patient behavior. |
1281091 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-02-01T17:59:50.645Z | 2015-09-17T00:00:00.000Z | Formal foundations of sensor network applications
One of the key features that distinguishes sensor networks from other networked applications is that their focus is generally not the sensors per se, but space-filling phenomena of the environment through which the sensors are deployed. Following the mathematical implications of this observation leads to a formal grounding of sensor network applications in a field calculus that describes sensing, modeling, and interpretation of space-filling phenomena directly in terms of operations on mathematical fields. This points to more flexible, scalable, and resilient approaches to sensor network applications, as well as simpler approaches to developing decentralized applications that can provide robust services in difficult operating environments such as natural disasters, mass events, and critical cyber-physical systems. |
132002701 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-26T14:15:51.280Z | 2019-02-08T00:00:00.000Z | Ultrafast time-response characteristics of AlGaAs materials
The ultrafast all-optical solid-state framing camera(UASFC) based on semiconductor photorefractive effect is a new type of X-ray ultrafast imaging system. The temporal resolution of UASFC is determined by the response time of the semiconductor. We improve the pump-probe experiment to measure the time response of GaAs/AlGaAs. In our recent experiments, the full width of half maximum (FWHM) is about 2ps, and the dynamic test result of the UASFC system, which use these AlGaAs samples, is 2.5ps. The results verify feasibility of the measurement and provide necessary methods for the further construction of high performance UASFC system. |
30012351 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:34:10.672Z | 1988-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | A broad-spectrum probe for molecular epidemiology of bacteria: ribosomal RNA.
We investigated the use of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) as a probe for molecular epidemiology of bacterial pathogens. The chromosomal DNA of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas cepacia, and nontypable Haemophilus influenzae was digested with EcoRI. Agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, and hybridization by 32P-labeled rRNA revealed eight to 13 bands. The P. cepacia and H. influenzae banding patterns, observed by using an E. coli rRNA probe, were identical to those produced with homologous rRNA probes. Polymorphism of several hybridization bands distinguished all E. coli isolates, nine of 10 H. influenzae isolates, and seven of eight P. cepacia isolates. Two to four bands were common to all P. cepacia and E. coli isolates. The banding patterns of H. influenzae isolates cultured from the trachea and blood of an infant and from the mother's cervix were identical. These data demonstrate that this method is a widely applicable system for determining the molecular epidemiology of genetically diverse gram-negative organisms. |
234077051 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-05-10T00:03:50.241Z | 2021-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | In the Aftermath of Upheaval
This chapter provides recent historical background for the book: a brief recounting of the onset of the pandemic and its medical and social consequences. It describes in detail some of the losses due to Covid-19, including the loss of sense of safety and health; loss of income and employment; and, too often, the loss of loved ones. The lockdown disrupted social rhythms, a disorienting and anxiety-generating experience for many. With social distancing comes the potential loss of social supports, a risk factor for psychopathology. Excessive social media use is another related psychological risk. Part of the problem for people lies in gauging: how much upset is normal and appropriate in an upsetting time, and how much is excessive and symptomatic? In this destructive context, we anticipate, and are already seeing, a wave of psychiatric disorders following the surge(s) of the virus. |
24266751 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:38:16.619Z | 1996-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | On the holoenzyme reconstitution process in native and truncated Rhodotorula gracilis D-amino acid oxidase.
After developing a rapid gel filtration method to prepare pure and stable apoenzyme forms of D-amino acid oxidase from the yeast Rhodotorula gracilis, we carried out comparative kinetic studies on the reconstitution to holoenzyme (with FAD) of the intact (40 kDa) and proteolyzed (38.3 kDa) apoenzyme forms of this oxidase. Changes in catalytic activity and flavin and protein fluorescence revealed that in both cases reconstitution was biphasic. The proteolyzed enzyme was catalytically competent, but unlike the intact form was unable to dimerize following formation of the apoprotein-FAD complex. We present evidence that reconstitution of holoenzyme from apoenzyme plus FAD does not involve dimerization, and that dimerization is not necessary for expression of DAAO activity. We propose that both apoenzyme forms share a common reconstitution mechanism, which includes a step of conformational interconversion of an enzymatically active intermediate to the final holoenzyme. |
145480351 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-06T14:08:18.594Z | 1997-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Use of the Structural Analysis Hypothesis Testing Model to Improve Social Interactions via Peer-Mediated Intervention
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a structural analysis model as a vehicle for improving social interactions via peer-mediated interventions. Nondisabled peers were employed during structural analysis assessments to examine the predictive utility of this process for peer-mediated social interventions for students with disabilities. Five elementary-age students diagnosed with moderate disabilities served as the participants. Five elementary-age general education students were used as assessment and treatment agents in an effort to determine the viability of nondisabled peers in the assessment process. Assessments and treatment protocols were completed in the special education classroom. Generalization probes were then obtained in the general education classroom. Variables identified during assessment as conducive and not conducive to heightened levels of appropriate behavior and social interactions were combined into preferred and nonpreferred treatments. These treatments were evaluated using an alternating treatments design. Data were obtained using partial interval recording. The results of this study demonstrated that structural analysis can be conducted to include nondisabled students to successfully identify antecedents of appropriate social behavior from which effective peer-mediated social interventions can develop. This study supports previous research findings that peer-mediated strategies can serve as a framework from which to fine-tune social skills interventions through the use of structural analysis for students with moderate disabilities. |
25868801 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:26:42.884Z | 2016-04-04T00:00:00.000Z | Cross-species amplification and polymorphism of microsatellite loci in Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazilian cropping systems.
The Old World bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) was recently discovered in Brazil. This species is closely related to the New World bollworm H. zea (Boddie), and mating between these species has already been reported under laboratory conditions. Here, we tested the cross-species amplification of 20 microsatellite (SSR) loci in field populations of H. armigera and H. zea collected from Brazilian cropping systems. Seven SSR loci were successfully amplified and polymorphic in both species except for the locus HaC14, which was monomorphic for H. zea. All SSR loci were in linkage equilibrium, and deviations from Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium were only observed for the locus HarSSR1 in the HaRS-2 population, where null alleles were present. A moderate level of polymorphism was detected in H. armigera and H. zea populations with a mean allele number of 4.14, and 2.24, respectively. Interestingly, most of the populations of the recent invader H. armigera showed higher genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients than H. zea populations. The genetic identity of each species was recovered using a STRUCTURE analysis, where the populations formed two clusters (K = 2) according to their species. STRUCTURE also suggested the occurrence of potential hybrid offspring between H. armigera and H. zea individuals in natural conditions. These SSR loci will be valuable in characterizing population differentiation, invasion routes, adaptation, reproductive behavior, and intra- and interspecific gene flow in H. armigera and H. zea populations in Brazil, the USA, and other areas where these two pests occur. |
4676001 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-08T01:44:27.765Z | 2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | An ERP investigation of hand -based bias on visual attention
Recent behavioral studies have investigated the importance of hand and arm position in visual attentional processes. Reed et al. (2006) found facilitated (fas t r) detection for targets that appear in the space near the hand, relative to target s appearing on the opposite side of a monitor display. The current study aimed to explore the potential bottom-up and top-down neural sources underlying this hand-bias effect on attention with ERP. Using a standard, non-predictive visual cuing paradigm, we examined early (N1, P1) and later (P3) ERP components in response target presenta tion in three conditions: with the non-responding hand resting on the table (Resting), with t he hand held up near the screen and target location (Up), and with the hand held up but away from the screen (Away). An effect of hand-position was found for the P3 in a central electrode group, in which validity effects that were present in the Resting and Away conditions, were not present in the Up condition. This result suggests that top-down sources of attentional bias from positioning a hand near the screen can alter the occurrence of validity effects in this ERP component. However, significant e ffects were not found in the earlier P1 and N1 components, nor did the behavioral results completely replicate the original findings of Reed et al. (2006). The limited findings fr om these other aspects of the study may be explained by a number of limitations discussed in the pa per. |
160660351 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-22T13:34:11.721Z | 2013-02-27T00:00:00.000Z | Ramblin’ on My Mind: New Perspectives on the Blues by David Evans (review)
Ramblin' on My Mind: New Perspectives on the Blues. Ed. David Evans. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2008. Pp. 430, contributors, illustrations, index.)Willie Dixon, a famed blues songwriter known for his Chicago blues classics including "Hoochie Coochie Man" for Muddy Waters, "Spoonful" for Howlin' Wolf, and "My Babe" for Little Walter, once said: "All American music came from the blues." Dixon's statement contains a bit of exaggeration, but there still is no doubt that the blues occupies a significant part of the history of American music and culture. David Evans, the editor of Ramblin' on My Mind: New Perspective on the Blues, mentions in the introduction: "Previous writers had almost universally viewed it [the blues] as either simply a type of folk music, or more or less anonymous and unchanging, or a 'root' form of jazz, worthy of a chapter or two at the beginning of any study of that genre" (p. 1). Evans continues: "What was lacking, except among musicians themselves and their immediate audiences, was a sense of blues as a distinct type of music with its own personalities, stylistic variety, and history of musical development" (p. 1).Although Evans uses the past tense for the above statement, the same idea persists today, in general or even worse. While today's blues music is more popular and widespread than any time in its history, Evans writes that we hardly hear of the blues in academic disciplines, even though the music is prevalent internationally in blues magazines and international club, concert, and festival circuits. For instance, in classrooms on music of the Americas, how much time do instructors spend on the blues? Do they talk about anything other than a 12-bar/aab form with a boogie-woogie bass pattern, or some major artists? Furthermore, in many academic conferences on American music and ethnomusicology-even in national meetings with hundreds of presentations-how often do we see papers on the blues? In my recent experience, there was just one presentation, and it was made by a Japanese scholar-that one was mine. In addition, for this book review, I took a look at ten volumes of journals on American music that I randomly grabbed from my bookshelf, to see how many articles on the blues were included; I found only one.Ramblin' on My Mind is an anthology of ten excellent studies on the blues that fills an important gap in scholarship. The book proves that blues music offers scholars a wealth of issues to explore and that blues scholarship is a dynamic area for research. The collection of essays offers insight into the blues in an interdisciplinary approach that explores previously older historical aspects of blues music, reinterprets familiar material, conducts broader surveys, and examines blues performances. Each study leads to a new appreciation of this musical tradition and shows new possibilities for exploration in various fields-music theory and history, legal practice and history, anthropology, folklore, fieldwork, literary study, and even kinesthetic study. The book consists of essays that include a thorough study of the influence of the West African tonal system and its amalgamation with the European counterpart in Skip James's recordings (Gerhard Kubik), pre-blues compositions in Southern vaudeville around the turn of the twentieth century (Lynn Abbott and Dough Seroff), W. … |
22221101 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:25:17.718Z | 2011-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | The HLA-DP2 protein binds the immunodominant epitope from myelin basic protein, MBP85-99, with high affinity.
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a candidate autoantigen in multiple sclerosis (MS). The immunodominant epitope for T-cell responses is assigned to the amino acid sequence MBP84-102, which binds to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR2a (DRB5*0101) and HLA-DR2b (DRB1*1501) of the HLA-DR2 haplotype carrying the strongest genetic association with MS. In contrast with HLA-DR and -DQ molecules, HLA-DP molecules are poorly characterized with respect to the binding of self-peptides. We show here that HLA-DP2 binds MBP85-99 with high affinity, and that the amino acid residues in position MBP91, MBP92 and MBP93 are influencing the binding, as shown by alanine scans. We further used a series of truncated peptides to identify the core of the binding. Moving the frame along the peptide from residues 87-97 to 89-99 progressively decreased the binding affinity for HLA-DP2, while moving further towards the C-terminal completely abrogated the binding of peptides to HLA-DP2. The data suggest that the docking of the MBP85-99 peptide into the HLA-DP2 groove is dependent on MBP88V and MBP89V and may use either of them as primary anchor for the p1 position. HLA-DP2 might thus present the MBP85-99 peptide in the same register as the HLA-DRB1*1501, where the MBP89V is preferred as the p1 anchor. Notably, full-length MBP was able to compete for peptide binding with an affinity similar to that seen for the high-affinity binding peptides, DRα170-83 and IIP53-65. In summary, the HLA-DP2 molecule binds the immunodominant epitope in MS, MBP85-99, possibly in more than one register. |
148979501 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-11T13:05:50.733Z | 2018-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Resistance: Active and Creative Political Protest Strategies
Resistance to U.S. President Donald Trump’s policies on gender equality, health care, race relations, the environment, and immigration has been large, widespread, and persistent. Following President Trump’s election, millions of people across the United States protested, creatively using slogans, signs, costumes, chants, and songs. Others engaged in resistance with online videos, songs, memes, and hashtags. By employing the communicative informatics model, we examine the relationship between online communication and the creative and active audience involved in U.S. political resistance in 2017. |
7559901 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Mobile Business Research, 2000-2004: Emergence, Current Status, and Future Opportunities
The convergence of mobile communications and distributed networked computing has provided the foundation for the development of a new channel of electronic business - mobile business. Building on the strengths of this medium, the context of the individual and the nature of mobile devices, the scope of this new channel is immense, and we see novel solutions being applied in consumer, business, government, healthcare and many other areas. Following practice, research into mobile business has begun to grow significantly over the last five years to the point where we now see dedicated journals and conferences. The aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of the state of mobile business research. Using a detailed longitudinal analysis and taxonomy of more than 230 papers from key research outlets, we demonstrate the emergence of this research area and its current status. We also provide a critique of current research and some recommendations for future research into mobile business. |
236728901 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-08-03T00:06:31.386Z | 2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Experimental study on V-A characteristics of AC and DC metal oxide varistors under different temperatures
In this paper, the different test platforms are set up to study the V-A characteristics of AC and DC MOV under different temperatures. The entire volt-ampere characteristic includes small current area, operating area(30/60us), lightning area (8/20us), steep wave area(1/5us) and large current area(4/10us). Representative AC and DC MOV in China are chosen as the samples. The experimental results show that AC and DC MOV in small current region exhibit a negative temperature coefficient, that is, at the same current, the higher the temperature, the lower the voltage of MOV. The smaller the current of MOV, the larger the absolute value of the negative temperature coefficient. When the current of MOV is 1mA, the temperature coefficient of DC MOV between -10°C and 120°C is -0.0051 kV/°C, and the temperature coefficient of AC MOV is -0.0063kV/°C. The V-A characteristics of AC and DC MOV in the operating area, lightning area, steep wave area and large current area have little to do with temperature. In the experiment, when the MOV is damaged due to side flash, the voltage and current waveforms will be distorted. The skin effect under high frequency impact can explain the side flash. |
18798701 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-18T23:16:19.698Z | 2016-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Level of the information security awareness of the mechanical engineering students
Aim of this research to analysing the level of the information security awareness of the undergraduate mechanical engineering students after the second semester. The access of the internet is easier day by day. My personal experience shows the young generation use smartphones, tablets to keep in contact with friends at home, on public transport, in the school etc. except sleeping. They use different communication forms like community sides, chat rooms and so on. These applications are protected by password authentication system to keep save the data of the users. I was interested for which systems find the mechanical engineering students important in everyday life and what kind of password use for protecting the information. Why is it important? We see almost in every month in the news a service provider was attacked again by hackers and the have put the username and the passwords on the Internet. The success of the attack depends on user error mainly. The companies store sometimes the important data without any protection. On the other hand the users share sensitive information on the community sites (“I am going to a party today evening”, “I am on holiday by the see” it means my home is empty tonight if I leave alone). I find the information security is a very important question today when we use lot of systems and we store the important information on devices, in cloud and so on. We have to know how can protect our information so I thought the basics of the information security in subject Informatics I. for the mechanical engineering students in the first semester because they do not have any subject which would include information about this topic. The students filled out an information security awareness questionnaire after the second semester. The multidimensional analysis shows which communication systems are more important to the students. These communications systems are protected by password authentication it means the next step of the analysis how long and how complicated password are used by students after the basic information security course in the first semester. The students had to say, how long password they are using by the most important systems like e-mail, community sites, and so on. The longer password is safer then shorter as we know. The following important question is how complicated is the used password. Is it include just lowercase letters, or include some uppercase letters too? Is it include maybe numbers or special characters like “;” or “,”? We need to know some more information about the used passwords. How often change the students these passwords? Are they using same passwords by different systems or one same password? In that case if they use same password it is more important to be the password complicated in other case if it is hacked, the attackers can log on in other systems too what the students use. After the analysis I could see how effective was the basic information security course for the mechanical engineering students. How could I build the information security awareness by them? Was it enough, or should I waste more time on this topic to help them to keep save the sensitive data? |
108706901 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-12T13:58:28.284Z | 2006-02-09T00:00:00.000Z | Novel integrated polarization analyzer sensor made by ion-exchange in glass
In this paper, we propose a novel integrated polarization analyzer sensor (IPAS) made by ion exchange on a glass substrate. It is capable to determine the polarization state of a light beam: elliptical, circular or linear. Furthermore, in the first case, the sensor measures the ellipse's eccentricity and the angle between its major axis and the x-axis of the IPAS (parallel to the glass' top surface). Also, for linear polarization, the angle between polarization direction and the x-axis of the IPAS is measured. The IPAS consists in two Y-junctions that gives three different outputs. The first one is directly one of the two output waveguides of the first Y-junction. The two other outputs are the waveguides following the second Y-junction. Before the latter, a piezoelectric plate creates an artificial anisotropy when it is excited electrically. For each one of the three output signals, a polarizer is inserted between the waveguide's end and a photo-detector. It is demonstrated here that, with adequate signal processing, it is possible to obtain all the information on the polarization state of a light beam. |
27137951 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:55:07.176Z | 2006-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Endoscopic Abdominoplasty: An Alternative Approach
We describe a technique for endoscopic abdominoplasty in which we used 3 incisions, following the triangulation principles. To maintain the subcutaneous cavity, CO2 was insufflated at 8 mm Hg, and Esmarch bandages were placed at the submammary fold in a circumferential way to prevent subcutaneous emphysema. The aponeurosis plication was done with interrupted “8” figure sutures, with extracorporeal knots tied up in a double fisherman knot. The rest of the technique is similar to those previously described. Seven patients were treated, with an average age of 35.7 years (range, 25–60), and the mean length of surgery was of 197.11 minutes (range, 129–240). After surgery, 2 patients had mild pulmonary hypoventilation treated only with oxygen through a nasal mask for 24 hours. There were other complications such as seromas, inadequate implantation of the navel, and superficial periumbilical necrosis. According to the patients’ opinion, the esthetic results have been satisfactory so far. |
249769701 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-06-18T13:07:53.062Z | 2017-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosome Treatment Restores Lung Architecture and Ameliorates Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
With no effective treatment to prevent or reverse bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a multifactorial chronic lung disease of preterm infants, the need for new therapies is urgent. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based therapies have shown promise in numerous preclinical models of lung pathologies relevant to neonatology. We have shown that the therapeutic capacity of MSCs is comprised in their secretome, and our recent studies have demonstrated that the therapeutic vector is represented by the exosomes (extracellular vesicles; EVs) they release. Here, we aimed to purify and comprehensively characterize MSC‐EVs from both human bone marrow (BMSC) and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (WJ) and investigate the efficacy of MSC‐EV treatments in BPD. |
33534051 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-06-17T04:51:19.048Z | 2004-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Long-term survival after traumatic brain injury: a population-based analysis.
This population-based retrospective cohort study identified all Olmsted County, MN residents with any diagnosis indicative of potential traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the years 1985 to 2000. The complete community-based medical records of a random sample (n = 7,175) were reviewed to confirm and characterize the event, and to determine vital status through 2002. The review identified 1,448 confirmed incident cases; 164 (11%) were moderate to severe; 1,284 were mild. The estimated 30-day case fatality rate was 29% for moderate to severe cases and 0.2% for mild cases. Comparison of observed mortality over the full period of follow-up with that expected revealed a risk ratio (95% CI) of 5.29 (4.11-6.71) for moderate to severe cases and 1.33 (1.05-1.65) for mild cases. Proportional hazards modeling showed the adjusted hazard of all-cause mortality for moderate to severe cases relative to mild cases was 5.18 (3.65-7.3) within six months of the event and 1.04 (0.57-1.88) for the remaining follow-up period. This analysis indicates that persons who experience mild TBI exhibit a small but statistically significant reduction in long-term survival compared to the general population. The case fatality rate for persons with moderate to severe TBI is very high, but among six-month survivors, long-term survival is similar to that for persons with mild TBI. |
24869901 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:57:07.997Z | 1997-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Metacarpal Hand: Classification and Guidelines for Microsurgical Reconstruction with Toe Transfers
&NA; Metacarpal hand refers to the hand that has lost its prehensile ability through amputation of all fingers with or without amputation of the thumb. Functional restoration can be achieved by a wide variety of microvascular toe transfer techniques. When deciding which procedure should be used, careful consideration must be given to the level of amputation of the fingers as well as the functional status of the remaining thumb. In this article we propose a classification for the various patterns of the metacarpal hand along with guidelines for selection of the proper toe transfer procedure. |
5901651 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:29:52.322Z | 2008-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Balance, gait and fear of falling in the elderly--a pilot study in community-based rehabilitation homes.
BACKGROUND
Falls represent a major threat to health status and independence in the elderly, causing pain and cessation of physical activities, whether due to fear of falling, declining mobility or balance.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate falls, vis-à-vis balance, gait and fear of falling, in the elderly living in Community-Based Rehabilitation Homes.
METHODS
Two Community-Based Rehabilitation Homes were randomly picked and 85 apparently healthy elderly (Males 44, Females 41), aged between 65 and 90 years, volunteered to participate in this study. The level of gait and balance of the participants was assessed using Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (TPOMA) scale while the fear of falling was assessed using the Activities Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale. The occurrence of falls in the elderly was also recorded. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistic of chi-square to see the effect of gender.
RESULTS
There was a significant difference between the physical characteristics of the male and female participants. Falls and fears of falls were prevalent. The frequency of falls increased with age. Chi-square test showed that the frequency of falls was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the females than males.
CONCLUSION
Falls are significant causative factors of pain and avoidable disability. Their prevention in the elderly should be a major concern in our environment. |
24076651 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-18T12:35:13.600Z | 2010-10-07T00:00:00.000Z | A Runtime Approach to Verify Scenario in Multi-agent Systems
A scenario is a synthetic description of an event or series of actions and events. It plays an important role in software analysis and design, as well as verification and validation. In this paper, we propose an approach to verify the correctness of execution scenario in a multi-agent system. In this approach, scenarios are specified by Protocol Diagrams in AUML (Agent Unified Modeling Language), we formalize pre and post conditions of the scenarios and define an extension property class in JPF (Java Path Finder) model checker to verify if the execution of scenarios satisfies their constraints. We use a well-known scenario of a book trading multi-agent system to illustrate our approach. |
71880351 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-09T14:04:25.854Z | 2005-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Effect of acute acoustic stress on anorectal function and sensation in healthy humans 1
Abstract Little is known about the effects of acute acoustic stress on anorectal function. To determine the effects of acute acoustic stress on anorectal function and sensation in healthy volunteers. Ten healthy volunteers (7 M, 3 F, mean age 34 ± 3 years) underwent anorectal manometry, testing of rectal compliance and sensation using a barostat with and without acute noise stress on separate days. Rectal perception was assessed using an ascending method of limits protocol and a 5‐point Likert scale. Arousal and anxiety status were evaluated using a visual analogue scale. Acoustic stress significantly increased anxiety scores (P < 0.05). Rectal compliance was significantly decreased with acoustic stress compared with control (P < 0.000001). In addition, less intraballoon volume was needed to induce the sensation of severe urgency with acoustic stress (P < 0.05). Acoustic stress had no effect on hemodynamic parameters, anal sphincter pressure, threshold for first sensation, sensation of stool, or pain. Acute acoustic stimulation increased anxiety scores, decreased rectal compliance, and enhanced perception of severe urgency to balloon distention but did not affect anal sphincter pressure in healthy volunteers. These results may offer insight into the pathogenesis of stress‐induced diarrhoea and faecal urgency. |
108144301 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-11T13:07:41.201Z | 2019-03-05T00:00:00.000Z | Estimation method of systematic uncertainties in Monte Carlo particle transport simulation based on analysis of variance
ABSTRACT In the present work, the authors propose a standard analytical method to estimate systematic uncertainties in the Monte Carlo particle transport simulation based on analysis of variance (ANOVA). As sample problems, two sets of neutron-shielding calculations for evaluating effective dose were performed using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System coupled with ANOVA. In the simulation, we selected the total cross section and the water density in material as unclear physical quantities to induce systematic uncertainties. Systematic and statistical uncertainties were evaluated by changing the number of simulation conditions and trials per condition, where each condition is associated with one set of unclear quantities. Then, we analyzed the dependence of convergence of the systematic uncertainties on the number of conditions and trials. The analysis results show that simulations with only three conditions are adequate in the case where variations in the conditions have a monotonic effect on the calculation results, while more than 100 conditions are required in the other cases. In addition, we propose a useful criterion to determine the appropriate number of trials for converging systematic uncertainties. |
38990801 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:24:56.315Z | 1983-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Dacryoadenopexy as a Recognized Factor in Upper Lid Blepharoplasty
The recognition of a herniated lacrimal gland is done by simple examination; it is not usually taught to plastic surgeons. Fullness in the superotemporal aspect of an upper eyelid in younger patients often represents a ptotic gland. Suspension of the glands improves the surgical result of upper-lid blepharoplasty without compromising lacrimal outflow. |
20901801 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:00:10.489Z | 2000-04-15T00:00:00.000Z | Pathogenesis of Herpes Simplex Virus-Induced Ocular Immunoinflammatory Lesions in B-Cell-Deficient Mice
ABSTRACT The role of B cells and humoral immunity in herpes simplex virus (HSV) ocular infections was studied in immunoglobulin μ chain gene-targeted B-cell-deficient mice (μK/O). At doses of virus well tolerated by immunocompetent mice, heightened susceptibility of μK/O mice to herpetic encephalitis as well as to herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) was observed. An explanation was sought for the increased severity of HSK in the μK/O mice. First, the lack of antibody responses in μK/O mice resulted in longer viral persistence and dissemination to the corneal stroma, the site of inflammation. Prolonged virus expression in the corneal stroma was suggested to cause bystander activation of Th1-type CD4+ T cells, further contributing to the severity of HSK lesion expression in μK/O mice. Second, μK/O mice generated minimal Th2 cytokine responses compared to wild-type mice. Such responses might serve to downregulate the severity of Th1-mediated HSK lesions. |
512351 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:09:06.231Z | 1998-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Lipoprotein(a) Changes during and after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: An Epiphenomenon?
The lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) time course during and after coronary artery bypass grafting was examined in 20 caucasoid patients, in relation to the time courses of serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides. Samples were taken at eight different time points. Baseline geometric means (SD) for Lp(a), cholesterol and triglycerides were 115 (336) mg/L, 5.73 (1.10) mmol/L and 1.73 (1.21) mmol/L, respectively. Up to 10 min after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and after correction for haemodilution, no observable effect of CPB on serum concentrations of Lp(a) could be demonstrated, whereas serum concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides showed a progressive and significant decline. Ten minutes after stopping CPB geometric means for cholesterol and triglyceride were 3.90 (0.82) and 0.90 (0.58) mmol/L, respectively. At the third post-operative day geometric Lp(a) and cholesterol means decreased to 62 (90) mg/L and 2.97 (0.84) mmol/L, respectively, while triglycerides went up. It is concluded that Lp(a) levels remain constant during CPB, but mimic total cholesterol changes in the post-CABG period. |
143875351 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-04T13:05:51.547Z | 2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Pluralism, Instrumental Discourse, and the Limits of Social Construction
Laurie Grobman’s commentary, “Beyond Internationalization: Multicultural Education in the Professional Writing Contact Zone” (JBTC 13 [1999]: 427-48), makes sense in several respects, but unfortunately she turns instrumental discourse into a straw man to advance her point of view. Although Grobman rejects “simplistic, reductionist, or stereotypical answers to questions of cultural differences” (438), she repeatedly uses such answers when she discusses instrumental discourse theory. Some of the goals and values of instrumental discourse theory coincide with multiculturalism, and I think that the best approach to technical communication pedagogy is pluralistic: having students study rhetoric, instrumental discourse, multiculturalism, cognitive psychology, project management, usability testing, hardware and software technical communication technologies, and other topics. Grobman refers to her own “biases” (433), but I wish she had been more open-minded. If she wants to improve the education of technical communication students, then she should consider promoting more cooperation and understanding between different critical approaches to technical communication. My comment on Grobman’s commentary falls into two parts: First, I discuss her oversimplification of instrumental discourse theory. Second, I outline briefly some of the limits of social construction, the approach that Grobman prefers. |
23868351 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:18:36.612Z | 1996-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Evidence of adipocyte differentiation in human orbital fibroblasts in primary culture.
Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), in which orbital tissues are infiltrated with activated T lymphocytes and hyaluronan, can manifest an overabundance of adipose tissue in the human orbit. Little is known about adipogenesis in this anatomic region. We have investigated whether orbital fibroblasts in culture possess the capacity to undergo adipocytic differentiation. Orbital tissue from patients with or without GO was placed in primary culture, and proliferating fibroblasts were sub-passaged. Confluent fibroblasts were subjected to a differentiation protocol, involving a serum-free defined medium supplemented with insulin, triiodothyronine, carbaprostacyclin, thyrotropin, dexamethasone, and isobutylmethylxanthine. Control cells were maintained in serum-free medium supplemented only with insulin. After approximately 14 days, light microscopy revealed characteristic morphologic changes of adipocyte differentiation, including cell rounding and lipid droplet accumulation. Oil Red O staining could be demonstrated in those cells. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cells undergoing adipogenesis contain multiple, discrete lipid droplets. The overall percentage of fibroblasts undergoing differentiation was somewhat variable, but no more than 5-10%. The adipocytes arise in close proximity to each other, and often at the periphery of the culture surface. In contrast, dermal fibroblasts and perimysial fibroblasts from extraocular muscle fail to differentiate. We conclude that a subpopulation of orbital fibroblasts is capable of adipocyte differentiation. These in vitro observations may represent the in vivo process that contributes to excess orbital adipose tissue volume in GO. |
250668051 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-06-28T04:34:37.308Z | 2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Operation and performance of a bare broad-energy germanium detector in liquid argon
The GERmanium Detector Array, GERDA, will search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 76Ge by operating bare high-purity germanium detectors, enriched in 76Ge, in liquid argon. To reduce the background to the required level below 10−3 cts/(keV·kg·y), it is necessary to employ active background-suppression techniques. Detectors based on the design of commercially available Broad-Energy Germanium (BEGe) detector are one of the two technologies included in research and development for the second phase of GERDA. BEGe detectors feature an enhanced capability to distinguish between an interaction of an electron from beta-decay and an interaction of a multiple-scattered photon inside the detector, via pulse-shape analysis. A GERDA Phase II prototype BEGe detector mounted in a low-mass holder was operated bare for the first time in liquid argon. The detector showed stable performance over more than one month, with an energy resolution of 1.9 keV (FWHM) at 1.3 MeV, and a low leakage current of ⩽ 20 pA. Periodic pulse-shape analysis checks were performed and the results are equal to those obtained with the same detector in a vacuum cryostat. |
233802151 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-05-07T00:03:42.458Z | 2021-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | 137 Improving safety of opioid prescribing and administration on a hospice inpatient unit (IPU)
Introduction Opioids are commonly used drugs in palliative care, in both healthcare and community settings. The risk for harm from these drugs means that they are subject to additional regulations and good prescribing practice should be followed. NICE guidance on safe prescribing practice recommends that decimal points should be avoided. There should be consideration that palliative care patients often have a significant tablet burden and there is increased risk for error when multiple tablets are needed to supply the prescribed dose. We completed a quality improvement project to improve opiate prescribing and administration safety on the IPU. Method We created two aide memoire charts to encourage safer prescriptions of opioids. These provided guidance on whole number doses of immediate release (I/R) opioids with corresponding easily measured volumes and doses of modified release (M/R) opioids which could be provided by the smallest number of tablets. We reviewed prescribing practices on the IPU before and after the introduction of each chart and education to the medical team. Results Prior to the I/R opioid chart introduction 30% of I/R opioid dose prescriptions had an avoidable decimal point and 40% of corresponding volumes were not easily measured. This improved to 6% and 20% respectively after the interventions. Prior to the M/R chart introduction 55% of M/R opioid prescriptions required 2 or more tablets to supply the required dose. After the interventions there was a moderate improvement with 45% requiring 2 or more tablets. Conclusion There was improvement in I/R and M/R opioid prescribing practice following the introduction of the aide memoire charts and education to the medical team. More education to medical staff around the use of the charts is required to see a continued improvement in prescribing practices on the IPU. |
225874551 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-06-18T09:08:06.878Z | 2020-05-30T00:00:00.000Z | Quantitative determination of albendazole forced degradation percentages by densitometric thin layer chromatographic method
Simple densitometric thin layer chromatographic method has been applied in this study to proceed forced degradation test of albendazole by subjecting drug to acidic, alkaline, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions, and determine the degradation percentages of albendazole in these conditions after 1, 2, 4, and 6 hrs. Two different mobile phases have been used in this study to separate degradation products. chloroform: diethyl ether: glacial acetic acid (75: 12.5: 12.5, v/v) as mobile phase 1, and dichloromethane: methanol (90: 10, v/v) as mobile phase 2. Silica gel GF-254 TLC-plates were used, and densitometric Area under curve (AUC) and AUC percentages were measured. Densitometric measurements showed that albendazole is unstable in all stress conditions but in different percentages, with the least susceptibility have been reported with acid condition (just 6.13% of drug lost after 6 hrs. of incubation). Acidic medium caused reversible degradation with homogeneity in the structures of degradation products, Unlike Alkaline medium which showed heterogeneity in structures detected through the change in the number and Rf-values of degradation spots against time. Both mobile phases were suitable for detecting albendazole degradation percentages under different conditions, as quantitative measurements were closely similar for the two phases, but mobile phase 1 was better to differentiate base-induced degradation products and mobile phase 2 was better for photolytic-induced degradation products. |
34673151 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:42:22.483Z | 2014-04-30T00:00:00.000Z | A linearization approach for the model‐based analysis of combined aggregate and individual patient data
The application of model‐based meta‐analysis in drug development has gained prominence recently, particularly for characterizing dose‐response relationships and quantifying treatment effect sizes of competitor drugs. The models are typically nonlinear in nature and involve covariates to explain the heterogeneity in summary‐level literature (or aggregate data (AD)). Inferring individual patient‐level relationships from these nonlinear meta‐analysis models leads to aggregation bias. Individual patient‐level data (IPD) are indeed required to characterize patient‐level relationships but too often this information is limited. Since combined analyses of AD and IPD allow advantage of the information they share to be taken, the models developed for AD must be derived from IPD models; in the case of linear models, the solution is a closed form, while for nonlinear models, closed form solutions do not exist. |
43094501 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:29:06.148Z | 1986-06-26T00:00:00.000Z | A microcomputer program for critical evaluation of diagnostic tests.
We developed a microcomputer program that provides a Bayesian model of diagnostic performance and a simple decision tree model of clinical utility. We have used this program to review diagnostic performance and clinical utility for proposed new services at our 360-bed university hospital. We believe that significant benefits can be achieved if medical journals report complete data on test performance. First, this allows physicians to perform their own evaluations of diagnostic performance. Second, this allows physicians to evaluate clinical utility using either standard decision trees or decision trees that reflect specific clinical problems. |
40876151 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:56:33.754Z | 2002-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Blood–Brain Barrier Creatine Transporter is a Major Pathway for Supplying Creatine to the Brain
Although creatine plays a pivotal role in the storage of phosphate-bound energy in the brain, the source of cerebral creatine is still unclear. The authors examined the contribution made by the creatine transporter (CRT) at the blood–brain barrier in supplying creatine to the brain from blood. An in vivo intravenous administration study suggested that creatine is continuously transported from the blood to the brain against the creatine concentration gradient that exists between brain and blood. Conditionally immortalized mouse brain capillary endothelial cells (TM-BBB) exhibited creatine uptake, which is Na+ and Cl− dependent and inhibited by CRT inhibitors, such as β-guanidinopropionate and guanidinoacetate. Northern blot and immunoblot analyses demonstrated that CRT is expressed in TM-BBB cells and isolated mouse brain microvessels. Moreover, high expression of CRT was observed in the mouse brain capillaries by confocal immunofluorescent microscopy. These results suggest that CRT plays an important role in supplying creatine to the brain via the blood–brain barrier. |
250099851 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-06-29T15:05:17.362Z | 2022-06-27T00:00:00.000Z | WHAT DIGILATIZATION HAS TRANSFORMED: CONTINUITIES AND DISCONTINUITIES FROM ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
150 years after the invention of analogue photography in 1989, digital photography appeared andtransformed the traditional perceptions about photography. In the era when analogue photography wascommon, it has been assumed that the relation between photography and external reality/ truth isdirectional and unmediated. With digitalization, this kind of relation has vanished which resulted inperturbation. This perturbation gave rise to the claims that photography has ended. Different potentialrelations in which truths have been constructed have become the main topics of the discussions with thedigital transformation and digital photography. Discussions in this period reveal that there is not adichotomy between digital and analogue, rather there is reciprocal relation from analogue to digital whichconsists of continuities and discontinuities. This understanding of relation is far from suggestingtechnological determinism, rather socio-cultural transformation and changes in the photographic practiceshave been determinative. In this study, it is articulated that not only technology is decisive in the processfrom analogue to digital, the reciprocal relations between socio-cultural transformation and practices inphotography have also been determinant. |
239767101 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-10-26T06:16:47.486Z | 2021-10-23T00:00:00.000Z | Motor Intention Decoding from the Upper Limb by Graph Convolutional Network Based on Functional Connectivity
Decoding brain intention from noninvasively measured neural signals has recently been a hot topic in brain-computer interface (BCI). The motor commands about the movements of fine parts can increase the degrees of freedom under control and be applied to external equipment without stimulus. In the decoding process, the classifier is one of the key factors, and the graph information of the EEG was ignored by most researchers. In this paper, a graph convolutional network (GCN) based on functional connectivity was proposed to decode the motor intention of four fine parts movements (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand). First, event-related desynchronization was analyzed to reveal the differences between the four classes. Second, functional connectivity was constructed by using synchronization likelihood (SL), phase-locking value (PLV), H index (H), mutual information (MI), and weighted phase-lag index (WPLI) to acquire the electrode pairs with a difference. Subsequently, a GCN and convolutional neural networks (CNN) were performed based on functional topological structures and time points, respectively. The results demonstrated that the proposed method achieved a decoding accuracy of up to 92.81% in the four-class task. Besides, the combination of GCN and functional connectivity can promote the development of BCI. |
6233601 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:02:04.127Z | 2017-07-17T00:00:00.000Z | Cytokine profiles in Tibetan macaques following α‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase‐knockout pig liver xenotransplantation
Pig‐to‐nonhuman primate orthotopic liver xenotransplantation is often accompanied by thrombocytopenia and coagulation disorders. Furthermore, the release of cytokines can trigger cascade reactions of coagulation and immune attacks within transplant recipients. To better elucidate the process of inflammation in liver xenograft recipients, we utilized a modified heterotopic auxiliary liver xenotransplantation model for xeno‐immunological research. We studied the cytokine profiles and the relationship between cytokine levels and xenograft function after liver xenotransplantation. |
19924401 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:05:01.663Z | 2011-07-15T00:00:00.000Z | Endothelial progenitor cells: a novel tool for the therapy of ischemic diseases.
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are believed to home to sites of neovascularization, contributing to vascular regeneration either directly via incorporation into newly forming vascular structures or indirectly via the secretion of pro-angiogenic growth factors, thereby enhancing the overall vascular and hemodynamic recovery of ischemic tissues. The therapeutic application of EPCs has been shown to be effective in animal models of ischemia, and we as well as other groups involved in clinical trials have demonstrated that the use of EPCs was safe and feasible for the treatment of critical limb ischemia and cardiovascular diseases. However, many issues in the field of EPC biology, especially in regard to the proper and unambiguous molecular characterization of these cells, still remain unresolved, hampering not only basic research but also the effective therapeutic use and widespread application of these cells. Further, recent evidence suggests that several diseases and pathological conditions are correlated with a reduction in the number and biological activity of EPCs, making the development of novel strategies to overcome the current limitations and shortcomings of this promising but still limited therapeutic tool by refinement and improvement of EPC purification, expansion, and administration techniques, a rather pressing issue. |
232281901 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-03-20T13:14:26.221Z | 2021-03-12T00:00:00.000Z | Research on microwave photonics mixer technology of HTS communication satellite
In order to solve the problem of poor spurious suppression characteristics of traditional microwave mixers when high-throughout satellite(HTS) transponder is used in broadband applications,which leads to the degradation of transponder performance. This paper presents a microwave photonics(MWP) mixer design that uses integrated photonic filters to suppress optical carriers and unused sideband. The high integration, tunability, high suppression, and low loss characteristics of the integrated photonic filters are fully utilized. By the tuning of the phase parameters of the filter’s micro-rings, the pass of the upper and lower sidebands is realized respectively, thus 30GHz to 20GHz downconversion and 30GHz to 40GHz upconversion have been realized respectively. Analysis and simulation of the MWP mixer has been done, the result shows that the conversion loss of the mixer is -20dB,noise figure is 25dB, which is close to microwave mixer. At the same time, the LO spurious suppresion is improved by 60dB, IIP3 is improved by 12dB. The design achieves a breakthrough in the technical limitations of traditional microwave mixer, and lays a theoretical and technical foundation for the future application of MWP technology in high-throughout satellite. |
226973351 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-11-17T14:05:43.162Z | 2020-11-11T00:00:00.000Z | Factors that affect heat production in lactating Jersey cows.
Heat production (HP) represents a major energy cost in lactating dairy cows. Better understanding of factors that affect HP will improve our understanding of energy metabolism. Our objective was to derive models to explain variation in HP of lactating Jersey cows. Individual animal-period data from 9 studies (n = 293) were used. The data set included cows with a wide range (min to max) in days in milk (44-410) and milk yield (7.8-43.0 kg/d). Diets included corn silage as the predominate forage source, but diets varied (min to max on DM basis) in crude protein (CP; 15.2-19.5%), neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 35.5-43.0%), starch (16.2-31.1%), and crude fat (2.2 to 6.4%) contents. Average HP was (mean ± standard deviation) 22.1 ± 2.86 Mcal/d, or 28.1 ± 3.70% of gross energy intake. Eight models were fit to explain variation in HP: (1) dry matter intake (DMI; INT); (2) milk fat, protein, and lactose yield (MILKCOMP); (3) INT and milk yield (INT+MY); (4) INT and MILKCOMP/DMI (INT+MILKCOMP); (5) mass of digested NDF, CP, and starch (DIG); (6) INT and digested energy (INT+DE); (7) INT and NDF, CP, and starch digestibility (INT+DIG); or (8) INT+MILKCOMP model plus urinary N excretion (INT+MILKCOMP+UN). For all HP models, metabolic body weight was included. All models were derived via a backward elimination approach and included the random effects of study, cow, and period within block within study. The INT models adequately explained variation in HP with a nonrandom effect-adjusted concordance correlation coefficient of 0.84. Similar adjusted concordance correlation coefficients (0.79-0.85) were observed for other HP models. The HP associated with milk protein yield and supply of digestible protein was greater than other milk production and nutrient digestibility variables. The HP associated with urinary N excretion was 5.32. Overall, HP can be adequately predicted from metabolic body weight and DMI. Milk component yield, nutrient digestibility, or urinary N excretion explained similar variation as DMI. Coefficients for milk protein and protein digestion suggest that digestion and metabolism of protein and synthesis of milk protein contribute substantially to HP of a dairy cow. |
250645281 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-07-20T13:04:47.608Z | 2022-07-09T00:00:00.000Z | Adapting mutation and recombination operators to range-aware relations in real-world application data
Optimisation problems with higher-dimensional search spaces do usually not only come with equality or inequality constraints, but also with dependencies between the different variables. In real-world applications, especially in experimental data from material sciences, these relations as well as the constraints may not be true for the entire search space, but only for certain areas. Other constraints or relations may hold then for different areas of the search space. We build on correlation-aware mutation and recombination operators that are used in genetic algorithms and adjust them to be able to deal with area-specific constraints and relations. This can be configured by a domain expert using a domain-specific language. Our approach is evaluated with well-known benchmark functions, carefully designed distributions, and data description files and shows a better capability of generating feasible solutions in the population. |
250816231 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-07-22T08:06:29.425Z | 2019-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Electrocaloric effect and pyroelectric properties of organic–inorganic hybrid (C2H5NH3)2CuCl4
The organic–inorganic hybrid (C2H5NH3)2CuCl4 (EA2CuCl4) single crystals are prepared by the solvothermal condition method. The x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dielectric permittivity, pyroelectric current, and heat capacity are used to systematically investigate the electrocaloric performances of EA2CuCl4. The pyroelectric currents are measured under various voltages, and the electrocaloric effect (ECE) is calculated. Its ECE exhibits an isothermal entropy change of 0.0028 J/kg · K under an electric field of 30 kV/cm associated with a relatively broad temperature span. Further, the maximum pyroelectric coefficient (p) is 4× 10−3 C/m21 · K and the coefficient β for generating ECE from electric displacement D is 1.068× 108 J · cm · K−1 · C−2 at 240 K. Our results indicate that the ECE behavior of organic–inorganic hybrid EA2CuCl4 is in accordance with Jona and Shirane’s opinion in which the ECE should occur both below and above the Curie temperature Tc. |
37359681 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:01:45.364Z | 1989-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | T cell receptor beta-chain genes in the rat. Availability and pattern of utilization of V gene segments differs from that in the mouse.
We have constructed a specifically primed thymus cDNA library to study the V-region repertoire of the TCR beta-chain in the laboratory rat. From this library, we have isolated and sequenced 14 clones that hybridize with beta-chain constant region probes, eight of which contain V gene segments. Two of these eight contain a V gene segment whose sequence is 85% identical to mouse V beta 14, which has been estimated to be present in mouse thymocyte cDNA at a frequency of only 1.2%. Of the remaining six, four appear to be homologues of known mouse V beta sequences, and average 88% identity with their mouse counterparts. Two additional rat V regions have no homologue yet identified in the mouse, showing only 64 and 73% identity with the most closely related mouse sequences; at least one of these is present and polymorphic in the mouse genome, and may be located near one end of the V beta deletion known in the SWR strain. The availability and pattern of V beta gene segment expression in rat thymus appears, therefore, to differ significantly from the mouse. Two cDNA clones represent germline transcripts which show a J/C splice (one of which is defective) but no D/J rearrangement; two different J segments are used, indicating the presence of promoter activity 5' to these two J segments. In addition, by using V beta-specific probes derived from our cDNA clones, we have analyzed the distribution of V beta alleles among 10 inbred strains of rat. We find that rat V beta gene segments occur predominantly in single member subfamilies, and present evidence for the existence of three TCR V beta haplotypes defined by RFLP. |
10526181 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 1996-09-16T00:00:00.000Z | 3D reconstruction of indoor environments
This paper presents a new 3D scene analysis system that automatically reconstructs the 3D model of real-world scenes from multiple range images acquired by a laser range finder on board of a mobile robot. The reconstruction is achieved through an integrated procedure including range data acquisition, geometrical feature extraction, planning the next view, registration and integration of multiple views. The system relies only on the acquired data. Experimental results on real range images are presented in the paper. Direct applications of this technique include 3D reconstruction and/or update of architectural or industrial plans into a CAD model, design verification of buildings, navigation of autonomous robots, and input to virtual reality systems. |