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Pinecone 49

11992020

10.1002/fld.1510

It is well known that high-order finite-difference methods may become unstable due to the presence of boundaries and the imposition of boundary conditions. For uniform grids, Gustafsson, Kreiss, and Sundstr¨om theory and the summation-by-parts method provide sufficient conditions for stability. For non-uniform grids, clustering of nodes close to the boundaries improves the stability of the resulting finite-difference operator. Several heuristic explanations exist for the goodness of the clustering, and attempts have been made to link it to the Runge phenomenon present in polynomial interpolations of high degree. By following the philosophy behind the Chebyshev polynomials, a non-uniform grid for piecewise polynomial interpolations of degree q_N is introduced in this paper, where N + 1 is the total number of grid nodes. It is shown that when q = N, this polynomial interpolation coincides with the Chebyshev interpolation, and the resulting finite-difference schemes are equivalent to Chebyshev collocation methods. Finally, test cases are run showing how stability and correct transient behaviours are achieved for any degree q<N through the use of the proposed non-uniform grids. Discussions are complemented by spectra and pseudospectra of the finite-difference operators

Stable high-order finite-difference methods based on non-uniform grid point distributions

stable high-order finite-difference methods based on non-uniform grid point distributions

unstable boundaries imposition conditions. grids gustafsson kreiss sundstr¨om summation stability. grids clustering boundaries improves operator. heuristic explanations goodness clustering attempts runge phenomenon interpolations degree. philosophy behind chebyshev polynomials piecewise interpolations nodes. interpolation coincides chebyshev interpolation schemes chebyshev collocation methods. transient behaviours grids. discussions complemented pseudospectra

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11996234

10.1007/s10666-010-9230-6

We present examples of cumulative chemical risk mapping methods developed within the NoMiracle project. The different examples illustrate the application of the concentration addition (CA) approach to pesticides at different scale, the integration in space of cumulative risks to individual organisms under the CA assumption, and two techniques to (1) integrate risks using data-driven, parametric statistical methods, and (2) cluster together areas with similar occurrence of different risk factors, respectively. The examples are used to discuss some general issues, particularly on the conventional nature of cumulative risk maps, and may provide some suggestions for the practice of cumulative risk mapping

Mapping Cumulative Environmental Risks: Examples from The EU NoMiracle Project

mapping cumulative environmental risks: examples from the eu nomiracle project

cumulative nomiracle project. illustrate pesticides cumulative risks organisms integrate risks parametric occurrence respectively. cumulative suggestions cumulative

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11998887

10.1016/j.sab.2011.04.008

The Stark full widths at half of the maximal line intensity (FWHM, ω) have been measured for 25 spectrallines of PbIII (15 measured for the first time) arising from the 5d106s8s, 5d106s7p, 5d106s5f and 5d106s5g electronic configurations, in a lead plasma produced by ablation with a Nd:YAG laser. The optical emission spectroscopy from a laser-induced plasma generated by a 10 640 Å radiation, with an irradiance of 2 × 1010 W cm− 2 on a lead target (99.99% purity) in an atmosphere of argon was analysed in the wavelength interval between 2000 and 7000 Å. The broadening parameters were obtained with the target placed in argon atmosphere at 6 Torr and 400 ns after each laser light pulse, which provides appropriate measurement conditions. A Boltzmann plot was used to obtain the plasma temperature (21,400 K) and published values of the Starkwidths in Pb I, Pb II and PbIII to obtain the electron number density (7 × 1016 cm− 3); with these values, the plasma composition was determined by means of the Saha equation. Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) conditions and plasma homogeneity has been checked. Special attention was dedicated to the possible self-absorption of the different transitions. Comparison of the new results with recent available data is also presented

Measured Stark widths of several spectral lines of Pb III

measured stark widths of several spectral lines of pb iii

stark widths maximal fwhm spectrallines pbiii arising configurations ablation laser. spectroscopy irradiance purity atmosphere argon analysed broadening placed argon atmosphere torr conditions. boltzmann starkwidths pbiii saha equation. thermodynamic homogeneity checked. dedicated transitions.

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12000663

10.1007/978-3-642-21326-7_45

Diabetes is the most common disease nowadays in all populations and in all age groups. Different techniques of artificial intelligence has been applied to diabetes problem. This research proposed the artificial metaplasticity on multilayer perceptron (AMMLP) as prediction model for prediction of diabetes. The Pima Indians diabetes was used to test the proposed model AMMLP. The results obtained by AMMLP were compared with other algorithms, recently proposed by other researchers, that were applied to the same database. The best result obtained so far with the AMMLP algorithm is 89.93

A Prediction Model to Diabetes using Artificial Metaplasticity

a prediction model to diabetes using artificial metaplasticity

nowadays groups. artificial intelligence problem. artificial metaplasticity multilayer perceptron ammlp diabetes. pima indians ammlp. ammlp researchers database. ammlp

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143693099

10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.08.015

Fast growing sengon (Paraserianthes moluccana) is largely rotary-cut to produce veneer for core plywood production. In order to provide better information on veneer production and utilization, in this study the effects of wood juvenility and veneer thickness on lathe checks of rotary-cut sengon veneers were evaluated. Before veneer manufacturing, sengon logs were boiled at 50 oC and 75 oC for 4 and 8 hours respectively. The boiled logs were peeled to produce veneer of 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm in thickness. Lathe checks of veneers were measured on the loosed side at every 5 mm veneer length under an optical video microscope and their frequency, depth, and length were characterized. Twenty sampling points of 5 mm veneer length were prepared from each segmented ring of 1 cm width from pith to bark. Isocyanate resin adhesive were used to produce laminated veneer lumber (LVL) of 20 mm thick, which consisted of 24-ply of 1 mm veneer thick, 14-ply of 1.5 mm veneer thick, and 11-ply of 2 mm veneer thick, for glue bond and bending strength test. Results showed that wood juvenility and veneer thickness determined the frequency, depth and length of lathe checks for the sengon rotary-cut veneers. In general, the frequency of lathe checks of the veneer increases with increasing veneer thickness, and also increases from pith to bark. Boiling of logs before rotary-cutting could decreases the frequency of lathe check of the veneer. The results indicated that boiling of logs at 50 oC for 8 h and at 75 oC at least 4 h before peeling the logs could minimize the frequency of lathe check in manufacturing rotary cut veneer thickness of 1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm from juvenile wood of fast growing sengon. The frequency of lathe check affect significantly the glue bond and bending strength, in which the glue bond, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) decrease as the frequency of lathe checks increases.The authors thank the Directorate for Research and Community Service of the Ministry of National Education for the Republic of Indonesia for the research gran

Lathe Check Characteristics of Fast Growing Sengon Veneers and Their Effect on LVL Glue-Bond and Bending Strength

lathe check characteristics of fast growing sengon veneers and their effect on lvl glue-bond and bending strength

growing sengon paraserianthes moluccana largely rotary veneer plywood production. veneer utilization wood juvenility veneer lathe checks rotary sengon veneers evaluated. veneer manufacturing sengon logs boiled respectively. boiled logs peeled veneer thickness. lathe checks veneers loosed veneer video microscope characterized. twenty veneer segmented pith bark. isocyanate resin adhesive laminated veneer lumber thick consisted veneer thick veneer thick veneer thick glue bond bending test. wood juvenility veneer lathe checks sengon rotary veneers. lathe checks veneer veneer pith bark. boiling logs rotary cutting lathe check veneer. boiling logs peeling logs minimize lathe check manufacturing rotary veneer juvenile wood growing sengon. lathe check glue bond bending glue bond modulus elasticity modulus rupture lathe checks increases.the directorate ministry republic indonesia gran

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143693940

10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.10.001

A numerical method for optimization of the cable lengths in trawls with respect to the ratio between the estimated trawl drag and the predicted catch efficiency is developed and applied. The trawl cables of interest are warps, bridles, headline and footrope. The optimization algorithm applies an ordered sequential process changing one cable length at the time. It is assumed in the predictions that the catch efficiency of the trawl is proportional with the trawl mouth area. In a case study optimizing a bottom trawl used on a research vessel by applying the new method it is predicted that it would be possible to reduce the ratio between trawl drag and catch efficiency by up to 46% by optimizing the cable lengths. Thus this would enable a considerable reduction in fuel consumption to catch a specific amount of fish. Moreover, we predict an increase in the value of the trawl mouth area leading to better catching efficiency without increase in otter door drag.The authors would like to thank the European Fisheries Fund and the French Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries for funding this field of research

Cable length optimization for trawl fuel consumption reduction

cable length optimization for trawl fuel consumption reduction

cable lengths trawls trawl drag catch applied. trawl cables warps bridles headline footrope. applies ordered sequential changing cable time. catch trawl trawl mouth area. optimizing trawl vessel trawl drag catch optimizing cable lengths. enable considerable fuel catch fish. predict trawl mouth catching otter door drag.the fisheries fund french ministry agriculture fisheries funding field

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144013682

10.1007/s10008-007-0281-9

Abstract The polymer redox mediator, poly(neutral red) (PNR), has been synthesised and characterised electrochemically to investigate the best electropolymerisation and mediation conditions for application in enzyme biosensors and to clarify the mechanism of action. Neutral red was electropolymerised by potential cycling on carbon film electrode substrates by allowing the monomer to be oxidised during the full 20 cycles of polymerisation or reducing the positive limit of the potential window after the first 2 cycles to impede monomer oxidation with a view to obtaining longer polymer chains and a lesser degree of branching. Comparison was made with glassy carbon substrates. The PNR films on carbon film electrodes were characterised using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, as well as in glucose biosensors prepared with PNR. Glucose oxidase enzyme was immobilised by encapsulation in silica sol-gel and compared with that obtained by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The biosensors were evaluated by chronoamperometry in 0.1 M phosphate buffer saline solution, pH 7.0, and showed evidence of electron transfer between the enzyme cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide and PNR dissolved in the enzyme layer competing with PNR-mediated electrochemical degradation of H2O2 formed during the enzymatic process.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-007-0281-

Characterisation of poly(neutral red) modified carbon film electrodes; application as a redox mediator for biosensors

characterisation of poly(neutral red) modified carbon film electrodes; application as a redox mediator for biosensors

polymer redox mediator poly neutral synthesised characterised electrochemically electropolymerisation mediation enzyme biosensors clarify action. neutral electropolymerised cycling film electrode substrates allowing monomer oxidised cycles polymerisation reducing window cycles impede monomer oxidation obtaining polymer chains lesser branching. glassy substrates. films film electrodes characterised cyclic voltammetry electrochemical impedance spectroscopy glucose biosensors pnr. glucose oxidase enzyme immobilised encapsulation silica linking glutaraldehyde. biosensors chronoamperometry phosphate saline enzyme cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide dissolved enzyme competing electrochemical degradation enzymatic process.

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144013705

10.1023/A:1013966705763

There is a growing interest in functional membrane heterogeneity on the mesoscopic (several tens to hundreds of molecular dimensions) scale. However, the physical-chemical basis for this sort of heterogeneity in membranes is not entirely clear. Unambiguous methods to demonstrate that the cell plasma membrane and other cellular membranes are in fact heterogeneous on the mesoscopic level are also not generally available. Fluorescence techniques do, however, provide excellent tools for this purpose. In particular, the emerging techniques of scanning near-field optical microscopy and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy hold a great deal of promise for the near-future. All these methods require the use of fluorescent probes (lipids and/or proteins) and a clear definition of how these probes partition between domains of coexisting membrane phases. The development of the concept of membrane heterogeneity over the years since the first proposal of the “fluid mosaic” model is reviewed briefly. The use of lipid-binding proteins in experimental protocols for the labeling of membranes with fluorescent lipid amphiphiles as monomers in aqueous solutions at concentrations well above their critical aggregation concentrations is discussed. The methods of fluorescence spectroscopy available to the cell biologist for determining probe partition coefficients for partitioning between coexisting membrane phases are reviewed in some detail, as is the relevant theoretical and experimental work reported in the literature.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101396670576

Fluorescence Spectroscopic Studies on Phase Heterogeneity in Lipid Bilayer Membranes

fluorescence spectroscopic studies on phase heterogeneity in lipid bilayer membranes

growing heterogeneity mesoscopic tens hundreds scale. sort heterogeneity membranes entirely clear. unambiguous membranes heterogeneous mesoscopic available. fluorescence excellent purpose. emerging scanning microscopy molecule fluorescence microscopy hold great deal promise future. fluorescent probes lipids probes partition coexisting phases. heterogeneity proposal “fluid mosaic” reviewed briefly. protocols labeling membranes fluorescent amphiphiles monomers aqueous aggregation discussed. fluorescence spectroscopy biologist determining partition partitioning coexisting reviewed literature.

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148349482

10.1016/j.shpsb.2011.12.002

In this paper I critically review the long history of attempts to formulate and derive the geodesic principle, which claims that massive bodies follow geodesic paths in general relativity theory. I argue that if the principle is (canonically) interpreted as a dynamical law of motion describing the actual evolution of gravitating bodies as endorsed by Einstein, then it is impossible to apply the law to massive bodies in a way that is coherent with his own field equations. Rejecting this canonical interpretation, I propose an alternative interpretation of the geodesic principle as a type of universality thesis analogous to the universality behavior exhibited in thermal systems during phase transitions

Proving the Principle: Taking Geodesic Dynamics too Seriously in Einstein's Theory

proving the principle: taking geodesic dynamics too seriously in einstein's theory

critically attempts formulate derive geodesic claims massive bodies geodesic paths relativity theory. argue canonically interpreted describing gravitating bodies endorsed einstein impossible massive bodies coherent equations. rejecting canonical propose geodesic universality thesis analogous universality exhibited

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148653302

10.1016/j.anucene.2008.07.013

In this work we address the development and implementation of the analytic coarse-mesh finite-difference (ACMFD) method in a nodal neutron diffusion solver called ANDES. The first version of the solver is implemented in any number of neutron energy groups, and in 3D Cartesian geometries; thus it mainly addresses PWR and BWR core simulations. The details about the generalization to multigroups and 3D, as well as the implementation of the method are given. The transverse integration procedure is the scheme chosen to extend the ACMFD formulation to multidimensional problems. The role of the transverse leakage treatment in the accuracy of the nodal solutions is analyzed in detail: the involved assumptions, the limitations of the method in terms of nodal width, the alternative approaches to implement the transverse leakage terms in nodal methods – implicit or explicit _, and the error assessment due to transverse integration. A new approach for solving the control rod ‘‘cusping” problem, based on the direct application of the ACMFD method, is also developed and implemented in ANDES. The solver architecture turns ANDES into an user-friendly, modular and easily linkable tool, as required to be integrated into common software platforms for multi-scale and multi-physics simulations. ANDES can be used either as a stand-alone nodal code or as a solver to accelerate the convergence of whole core pin-by-pin code systems. The verification and performance of the solver are demonstrated using both proof-of-principle test cases and well-referenced international benchmarks

The analytic nodal diffusion solver ANDES in multigroups for 3D rectangular geometry: Development and performance analysis

the analytic nodal diffusion solver andes in multigroups for 3d rectangular geometry: development and performance analysis

analytic coarse mesh acmfd nodal neutron solver andes. solver implemented neutron cartesian geometries addresses simulations. generalization multigroups given. extend acmfd formulation multidimensional problems. leakage nodal assumptions limitations nodal implement leakage nodal implicit integration. solving ‘‘cusping” acmfd implemented andes. solver architecture turns andes friendly modular linkable platforms simulations. andes stand nodal solver accelerate systems. verification solver referenced benchmarks

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148653641

10.1002/pssc.200778556

The fabrication of III-N MEMS test structures, such as cantilevers, beams and stress-pointers, and the modelling of their deformation due to residual stress relief, is presented. GaN and AlGaN/GaN structures were fabricated, either with one end and both ends clamped to the Si substrate (asymmetrical and symmetrical mechanical boundary conditions, respectively). The residual stress in the III-N layer was measured by photoluminescence and X-ray diffraction, and the stress relief induced deformation was analysed by a finite element method model. The deformations of the MEMS structures were used to calculate both the residual strains and the Young’s modulus of the material. One-end-clamped structures suffer from large deformations due to the uneven stress relaxation. During micromachining, the relaxation induces large upward buckling, as measured for fabricated devices and fitted by the FEM model. Two-end-clamped structures were also studied using different topologies and under-etching lengths of the clamped region. It is concluded that the deformation of such structures may be reduced with symmetrical mechanical boundary conditions and a small under-etched clamping region compared to the device dimensions

Fabrication and stress relief modelling of GaN based MEMS test structures grown by MBE on Si(111)

fabrication and stress relief modelling of gan based mems test structures grown by mbe on si(111)

fabrication mems cantilevers beams pointers deformation residual relief presented. algan fabricated ends clamped asymmetrical symmetrical residual photoluminescence diffraction relief deformation analysed model. deformations mems residual young’s modulus material. clamped suffer deformations uneven relaxation. micromachining relaxation induces upward buckling fabricated devices fitted model. clamped topologies etching lengths clamped region. concluded deformation symmetrical etched clamping

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148664007

10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.028

The direct application of existing models for seed germination may often be inadequate in the context of ecology and forestry germination experiments. This is because basic model assumptions are violated and variables available to forest managers are rarely used. In this paper, we present a method which addresses the aforementioned shortcomings. The approach is illustrated through a case study of Pinus pinea L. Our findings will also shed light on the role of germination in the general failure of natural regeneration in managed forests of this species. The presented technique consists of a mixed regression model based on survival analysis. Climate and stand covariates were tested. Data for fitting the model were gathered from a 5-year germination experiment in a mature, managed P. pinea stand in the Northern Plateau of Spain in which two different stand densities can be found. The model predictions proved to be unbiased and highly accurate when compared with the training data. Germination in P. pinea was controlled through thermal variables at stand level. At microsite level, low densities negatively affected the probability of germination. A time-lag in the response was also detected. Overall, the proposed technique provides a reliable alternative to germination modelling in ecology/forestry studies by using accessible/ suitable variables. The P. pinea case study highlights the importance of producing unbiased predictions. In this species, the occurrence and timing of germination suggest a very different regeneration strategy from that understood by forest managers until now, which may explain the high failure rate of natural regeneration in managed stands. In addition, these findings provide valuable information for the management of P. pinea under climate-change conditions

Modelling seed germination in forest tree species through survival analysis. The Pinus pinea L. case study

modelling seed germination in forest tree species through survival analysis. the pinus pinea l. case study

seed germination inadequate ecology forestry germination experiments. assumptions violated forest managers rarely used. addresses aforementioned shortcomings. illustrated pinus pinea shed germination regeneration managed forests species. analysis. stand covariates tested. fitting gathered germination mature managed pinea stand northern plateau spain stand densities found. proved unbiased data. germination pinea stand level. microsite densities negatively germination. detected. reliable germination ecology forestry accessible variables. pinea highlights producing unbiased predictions. occurrence timing germination regeneration understood forest managers regeneration managed stands. valuable pinea

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148667973

10.1016/j.nima.2013.07.011

This paper reports on design studies concerning a moderator concept which aims to maximize the time averaged flux. The idea is to provide neutron spectra showing two clear maxima, with peaks at View the MathML source and View the MathML source arising from leakage from both cryogenic and thermal moderators. Such a concept known as a bi-spectral moderator (Mezei, 2006 [1]) while proven on a reactor source has only been examined for the ESS 2003 proposal. Filges et al. (2003 [2]), which featured a different design than the current ESS. This paper thus reports on a baseline design for such a moderator concept and shows that it can provide substantial gains in count rates for those applications not requiring high resolution in time-of-flight

Neutronic analysis of the bi-spectral moderator such as that proposed for ESS

neutronic analysis of the bi-spectral moderator such as that proposed for ess

concerning moderator aims maximize averaged flux. neutron maxima mathml mathml arising leakage cryogenic moderators. moderator mezei proven reactor proposal. filges featured ess. moderator substantial gains count requiring flight

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148668206

10.1007/s11036-012-0380-4

This paper tackles the optimization of applications in multi-provider hybrid cloud scenarios from an economic point of view. In these scenarios the great majority of solutions offer the automatic allocation of resources on different cloud providers based on their current prices. However our approach is intended to introduce a novel solution by making maximum use of divide and rule. This paper describes a methodology to create cost aware cloud applications that can be broken down into the three most important components in cloud infrastructures: computation, network and storage. A real videoconference system has been modified in order to evaluate this idea with both theoretical and empirical experiments. This system has become a widely used tool in several national and European projects for e-learning and collaboration purposes

A cost-effective methodology applied to videoconference services over hybrid clouds

a cost-effective methodology applied to videoconference services over hybrid clouds

tackles provider hybrid scenarios view. scenarios great majority offer automatic allocation providers prices. intended divide rule. describes methodology create aware broken infrastructures storage. videoconference experiments. widely projects purposes

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148668945

10.1093/jigpal/jzs028

It has been demonstrated that rating trust and reputation of individual nodes is an effective approach in distributed environments in order to improve security, support decision-making and promote node collaboration. Nevertheless, these systems are vulnerable to deliberate false or unfair testimonies. In one scenario, the attackers collude to give negative feedback on the victim in order to lower or destroy its reputation. This attack is known as bad mouthing attack. In another scenario, a number of entities agree to give positive feedback on an entity (often with adversarial intentions). This attack is known as ballot stuffing. Both attack types can significantly deteriorate the performances of the network. The existing solutions for coping with these attacks are mainly concentrated on prevention techniques. In this work, we propose a solution that detects and isolates the abovementioned attackers, impeding them in this way to further spread their malicious activity. The approach is based on detecting outliers using clustering, in this case self-organizing maps. An important advantage of this approach is that we have no restrictions on training data, and thus there is no need for any data pre-processing. Testing results demonstrate the capability of the approach in detecting both bad mouthing and ballot stuffing attack in various scenarios

Detecting false testimonies in reputation systems using self-organizing maps

detecting false testimonies in reputation systems using self-organizing maps

rating trust reputation environments security promote collaboration. nevertheless vulnerable deliberate false unfair testimonies. attackers collude victim destroy reputation. attack mouthing attack. entities agree entity adversarial intentions attack ballot stuffing. attack deteriorate performances network. coping attacks concentrated prevention techniques. propose detects isolates abovementioned attackers impeding spread malicious activity. detecting outliers clustering organizing maps. advantage restrictions processing. capability detecting mouthing ballot stuffing attack scenarios

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148673400

10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.04.012

tThe rate of metabolic processes demanding energy in tree stems changes in relation with prevailing cli-matic conditions. Tree water availability can affect stem respiration through impacts on growth, phloemtransport or maintenance of diverse cellular processes, but little is known on this topic. Here we moni-tored seasonal changes in stem CO2efflux (Fs), radial growth, sap flow and non-structural carbohydrates intrees of Quercus ilex in a Mediterranean forest stand subjected since 2003 to either partial (33%) through-fall exclusion (E) or unchanged throughfall (C). Fsincreased exponentially during the day by an effectof temperature, although sap flow attenuated the increase in Fsduring the day time. Over the year, Fsalso increased exponentially with increasing temperatures, but Fscomputed at a standard temperatureof 15?C (F15s) varied by almost 4-fold among dates. F15swas the highest after periods of stem growth anddecreased as tree water availability decreased, similarly in C and E treatments. The decline in F15swas notlinked to a depletion of soluble sugars, which increased when water stress was higher. The proportionof ecosystem respiration attributed to the stems was highest following stem growth (23.3%) and lowestduring the peak of drought (6.5%). High within-year variability in F15smakes unadvisable to pool annualdata of Fsvs. temperature to model Fsat short time scales (hours to months) in Mediterranean-type for-est ecosystems. We demonstrate that water availability is an important factor governing stem CO2effluxand suggest that trees in Mediterranean environments acclimate to seasonal drought by reducing stemrespiration. Stem respiratory rates do not seem to change after a long-term increase in drought intensity,however

Stem CO2 efflux and its contribution to ecosystem CO2 efflux decrease with drought in a Mediterranean forest stand

stem co2 efflux and its contribution to ecosystem co2 efflux decrease with drought in a mediterranean forest stand

tthe metabolic demanding stems prevailing matic conditions. availability respiration impacts phloemtransport maintenance diverse topic. moni tored seasonal efflux carbohydrates intrees quercus ilex mediterranean forest stand subjected fall exclusion unchanged throughfall fsincreased exponentially effectof attenuated fsduring time. fsalso exponentially fscomputed temperatureof varied dates. swas anddecreased availability treatments. decline swas notlinked depletion soluble sugars higher. proportionof ecosystem respiration attributed stems lowestduring drought smakes unadvisable pool annualdata fsvs. fsat mediterranean ecosystems. availability governing effluxand trees mediterranean environments acclimate seasonal drought reducing stemrespiration. respiratory seem drought

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148676018

10.1063/1.870353

There is a self-similar solution for the stability limits of long, almost cylindrical liquid bridges between equal disks subjected to both axial and lateral accelerations. The stability limits depend on only two variables; the so-called reduced axial, and lateral Bond numbers. A novel experimental setup that involved rotating a horizontal cylindrical liquid bridge about a vertical axis of rotation was designed to test the stability limits predicted by the self-similar solution. Analytical predictions compared well with both numerical and experimental results

On the stability limits of long nonaxisymmetric cylindrical liquid bridges

on the stability limits of long nonaxisymmetric cylindrical liquid bridges

cylindrical bridges disks subjected axial lateral accelerations. axial lateral bond numbers. setup rotating cylindrical bridge solution.

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148688763

10.1016/j.simpat.2014.10.003

This document summarizes the goals achieved in the development of a data mapping appli- cation, for a multi-robot system, implemented as a service with the guidelines found in the Service Oriented Computing paradigm (SOC). The obtained service generates both local and global maps in the reconstruction of a virtual scenario: the local maps represent the sur- rounding area around each one of the mobile robots, and the global one the totality of the scenario where the robots move. The information of the global map is continuously updated by merging the data coming from the local maps by using a novel approach: each one of the maps manages a confidence level value that defines which of the data coming from the maps is worthy of being updated into the global one. This technique is not present in related work. The Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio framework was chosen for its implementation because of the advantages that this tool offers in the management of concurrent and distrib- uted processes, typically found in both a robotics platform and in a multi-robot system

Multi-robot data mapping simulation by using microsoft robotics developer studio

multi-robot data mapping simulation by using microsoft robotics developer studio

document summarizes goals appli cation robot implemented guidelines oriented paradigm generates reconstruction virtual rounding mobile robots totality robots move. continuously updated merging coming manages confidence defines coming worthy updated one. work. microsoft robotics developer studio advantages offers concurrent distrib uted robotics platform robot

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149227162

10.1007/s10535-007-0137-2

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)The effects of 100 and 200 µM methyl jasmonate (MJA) on cell proliferation and paclitaxel and baccatin III production were investigated in free and alginate immobilized cells of Taxus baccata growing in a selected product formation culture medium. The greatest accumulation of paclitaxel (13.20 mg dm−3) and baccatin III (4.62 mg dm−3) occurred when 100 µM MJA was added to the culture medium of cells entrapped using a 1.5 and 2.5 % alginate solution. The effects of different treatments on the viability of cultured cells and their capacity to excrete both taxanes into the surrounding medium were considered.

Paclitaxel and baccatin III production induced by methyl jasmonate in free and immobilized cells of Taxus baccata

paclitaxel and baccatin iii production induced by methyl jasmonate in free and immobilized cells of taxus baccata

erworben rahmen schweizer nationallizenzen methyl jasmonate proliferation paclitaxel baccatin alginate immobilized taxus baccata growing medium. greatest accumulation paclitaxel baccatin occurred entrapped alginate solution. treatments viability cultured excrete taxanes surrounding considered.

exact_dup

150210778

10.1063/1.4894501

Producción CientíficaCombined spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations bring to light a first investigation of a metallic cyanoacetylide, AlC3N, using laser ablation molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. This molecule was synthesized in a supersonic expansion by the reaction of aluminum vapour with C3N, produced from solid aluminum rods and BrCCCN in a newly constructed ablation-heating nozzle device. A set of accurate rotational and 27Al and 14N nuclear quadrupole coupling constants have been determined from the analysis of the rotational spectrum and compared with those predicted in a high-level ab initio study, conducting to the assignment of the observed species to linear AlCCCN. We have searched for this species towards the carbon-rich evolved star IRC + 10216 but only an upper limit to its abundance has been obtained.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA330U13

Generation and structural characterization of aluminum cyanoacetylide

generation and structural characterization of aluminum cyanoacetylide

producción científicacombined spectroscopy bring metallic cyanoacetylide ablation fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. molecule synthesized supersonic aluminum vapour aluminum rods brcccn newly ablation heating nozzle device. rotational quadrupole rotational initio conducting assignment alcccn. searched evolved abundance obtained.junta castilla león programa apoyo proyectos investigación ref.

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151537141

10.1002/open.201600158

The incorporation of fluorine atoms into functional molecules is of wide interest in synthetic organic chemistry as well as cognate disciplines. In particular, in medicinal chemistry, there is a strong desire to positively influence the physicochemical molecular properties of drug compounds by introducing fluorine into biologically active molecules. Here, we present targeted fluoro positioning as the key design principle of converting a weak matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13 ) inhibitor into a very potent (IC50 = 6nM) and highly selective (selectivity factors of > 1000 over MMP-1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14) inhibitor with excellent plasma and microsomal stability, and no binding to the hERG channel (hERG: human ether-a-go-go related gene)

Targeted fluoro positioning for the discovery of a potent and highly selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor

targeted fluoro positioning for the discovery of a potent and highly selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor

incorporation fluorine synthetic cognate disciplines. medicinal desire positively physicochemical introducing fluorine biologically molecules. targeted fluoro positioning converting metalloproteinase inhibitor potent selective selectivity inhibitor excellent microsomal herg herg ether

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154884377

10.1038/s41598-018-22112-3

Alternative methods, including green synthetic approaches for the preparation of various types of nanoparticles are important to maintain sustainable development. Extracellular or intracellular extracts of fungi are perfect candidates for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles due to the scalability and cost efficiency of fungal growth even on industrial scale. There are several methods and techniques that use fungi-originated fractions for synthesis of gold nanoparticles. However, there is less knowledge about the drawbacks and limitations of these techniques. Additionally, identification of components that play key roles in the synthesis is challenging. Here we show and compare the results of three different approaches for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using either the extracellular fraction, the autolysate of the fungi or the intracellular fraction of 29 thermophilic fungi. We observed the formation of nanoparticles with different sizes (ranging between 6 nm and 40 nm) and size distributions (with standard deviations ranging between 30% and 70%) depending on the fungi strain and experimental conditions. We found by using ultracentrifugal filtration technique that the size of reducing agents is less than 3 kDa and the size of molecules that can efficiently stabilize nanoparticles is greater than 3 kDa

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles by thermophilic filamentous fungi

green synthesis of gold nanoparticles by thermophilic filamentous fungi

synthetic preparation nanoparticles maintain sustainable development. extracellular intracellular extracts fungi perfect candidates nanoparticles scalability fungal industrial scale. fungi originated fractions gold nanoparticles. drawbacks limitations techniques. additionally roles challenging. gold nanoparticles extracellular autolysate fungi intracellular thermophilic fungi. nanoparticles sizes ranging deviations ranging fungi conditions. ultracentrifugal filtration reducing efficiently stabilize nanoparticles

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159811928

10.1093/molbev/msu340

Antibodies are glycoproteins produced by the immune system as a dynamically adaptive line of defense against invading pathogens. Very elegant and specific mutational mechanisms allow B lymphocytes to produce a large and diversified repertoire of antibodies, which is modified and enhanced throughout all adulthood. One of these mechanisms is somatic hypermutation, which stochastically mutates nucleotides in the antibody genes, forming new sequences with different properties and, eventually, higher affinity and selectivity to the pathogenic target. Since somatic hypermutation involves fast mutation of antibody sequences, this process can be described using a Markov substitution model of molecular evolution. Here, using large sets of antibody sequences from mice and humans, we infer an empirical amino acid substitution model AB, which is specific to antibody sequences. Compared to existing general amino acid models, we show that the AB model provides significantly better description for the somatic evolution of mice and human antibody sequences, as demonstrated on large next generation sequencing (NGS) antibody data. General amino acid models are reflective of conservation at the protein level due to functional constraints, with most frequent amino acids exchanges taking place between residues with the same or similar physicochemical properties. In contrast, within the variable part of antibody sequences we observed an elevated frequency of exchanges between amino acids with distinct physicochemical properties. This is indicative of a sui generis mutational mechanism, specific to antibody somatic hypermutation. We illustrate this property of antibody sequences by a comparative analysis of the network modularity implied by the AB model and general amino acid substitution models. We recommend using the new model for computational studies of antibody sequence maturation, including inference of alignments and phylogenetic trees describing antibody somatic hypermutation in large NGS data sets. The AB model is implemented in the open-source software CodonPhyML (http://sourceforge.net/projects/codonphyml) and can be downloaded and supplied by the user to ProGraphMSA (http://sourceforge.net/projects/prographmsa) or other alignment and phylogeny reconstruction programs that allow for user-defined substitution models

Antibody-specific model of amino acid substitution for immunological inferences from alignments of antibody sequences

antibody-specific model of amino acid substitution for immunological inferences from alignments of antibody sequences

antibodies glycoproteins immune dynamically adaptive defense invading pathogens. elegant mutational lymphocytes diversified repertoire antibodies adulthood. somatic hypermutation stochastically mutates nucleotides forming eventually affinity selectivity pathogenic target. somatic hypermutation involves mutation markov substitution evolution. humans infer substitution sequences. somatic sequencing data. reflective conservation frequent exchanges physicochemical properties. elevated exchanges physicochemical properties. indicative generis mutational somatic hypermutation. illustrate comparative modularity implied substitution models. recommend maturation inference alignments phylogenetic trees describing somatic hypermutation sets. implemented codonphyml downloaded supplied prographmsa alignment phylogeny reconstruction programs substitution

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160271518

10.1007/978-3-319-66981-6_13

This book provides insight into the implementation of Life Cycle approaches along the entire business value chain, supporting environmental, social and economic sustainability related to the development of industrial technologies, products, services and policies; and the development and management of smart agricultural systems, smart mobility systems, urban infrastructures and energy for the built environment. The book is based on papers presented at the 8th International Life Cycle Management Conference that took place from September 3-6, 2017 in Luxembourg, and which was organized by the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) and the University of Luxembourg in the framework of the LCM Conference Series

Greening agri-food value chains in emerging economies

greening agri-food value chains in emerging economies

book insight supporting sustainability industrial technologies policies smart agricultural smart mobility infrastructures built environment. book papers took september luxembourg organized luxembourg luxembourg

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160818648

10.1007/978-3-319-44588-5_10

Planning has been found to have a powerful effect on human actions (e.g., Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006 ). But how do people plan? In this chapter we first introduce implementation intentions (e.g., Gollwitzer, 1999 ) as an efficient way of planning. Implementation intentions refer to specific plans in which individuals and groups can specify when, where, and how they intend to act using an if-then format (e.g., “If I come home from work on Fridays, then I will immediately put on my jogging shoes and go for a 30-minute run!”). After we examine how they support goal pursuit, we differentiate between spontaneous and strategic planning—two ways in which if–then plans can be made on the basis of goal-related knowledge. With respect to spontaneous planning, we highlight the importance of the accessibility of goal-related knowledge. We introduce goal systems theory (Kruglanski, Shah, Fishbach, Friedman, Chun, & Sleeth-Keppler, 2002 ) as a conceptual framework because it addresses the question of how goals can increase the accessibility of knowledge about when, where, and how to pursue the goal. To illustrate how the accessibility of goal-related knowledge facilitates goal attainment, we discuss a set of recent studies. They show that individuals spontaneously grasp goal-relevant information in the form of implementation intentions (Marquardt, Tröger, Wieber, & Gollwitzer, 2016 ; see also Marquardt, 2011 ) even if it is incidentally provided in their environment and that they use this knowledge to improve their goal attainment without being prompted to do so

Planning and the control of action

planning and the control of action

planning powerful e.g. gollwitzer sheeran plan intentions e.g. gollwitzer planning. intentions plans specify intend format e.g. come home fridays immediately jogging shoes minute examine goal pursuit differentiate spontaneous strategic planning—two ways if–then plans goal knowledge. spontaneous planning highlight accessibility goal knowledge. goal kruglanski shah fishbach friedman chun sleeth keppler conceptual addresses goals accessibility pursue goal. illustrate accessibility goal facilitates goal attainment studies. spontaneously grasp goal intentions marquardt tröger wieber gollwitzer marquardt incidentally goal attainment prompted

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161689969

10.1002/stem.1982

This study sought to identify critical determinants of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) potency using in vitro and in vivo attributes of cells isolated from the bone marrow of age‐ and sex‐matched donors. Adherence to plastic was not indicative of potency, yet capacity for long‐term expansion in vitro varied considerably between donors, allowing the grouping of MSCs from the donors into either those with high‐growth capacity or low‐growth capacity. Using this grouping strategy, high‐growth capacity MSCs were smaller in size, had greater colony‐forming efficiency, and had longer telomeres. Cell‐surface biomarker analysis revealed that the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) criteria did not distinguish between high‐growth capacity and low‐growth capacity MSCs, whereas STRO‐1 and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha were preferentially expressed on high‐growth capacity MSCs. These cells also had the highest mean expression of the mRNA transcripts TWIST‐1 and DERMO‐1. Irrespective of these differences, both groups of donor MSCs produced similar levels of key growth factors and cytokines involved in tissue regeneration and were capable of multilineage differentiation. However, high‐growth capacity MSCs produced approximately double the volume of mineralized tissue compared to low‐growth capacity MSCs when assessed for ectopic bone‐forming ability. The additional phenotypic criteria presented in this study when combined with the existing ISCT minimum criteria and working proposal will permit an improved assessment of MSC potency and provide a basis for establishing the quality of MSCs prior to their therapeutic application. Stem Cells 2015;33:1878–189

Establishing criteria for human mesenchymal stem cell potency

establishing criteria for human mesenchymal stem cell potency

sought determinants mesenchymal potency attributes marrow age‐ sex‐matched donors. adherence plastic indicative potency long‐term varied considerably donors allowing grouping mscs donors high‐growth low‐growth capacity. grouping high‐growth mscs colony‐forming telomeres. cell‐surface biomarker isct distinguish high‐growth low‐growth mscs stro‐ platelet‐derived alpha preferentially high‐growth mscs. transcripts twist‐ dermo‐ irrespective donor mscs cytokines regeneration capable multilineage differentiation. high‐growth mscs mineralized low‐growth mscs ectopic bone‐forming ability. phenotypic isct proposal permit potency establishing mscs therapeutic application.

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16521215

10.1088/1367-2630/15/5/055023

Is the notion of a quantum computer (QC) resilient to thermal noise unphysical? We address this question from a constructive perspective and show that local quantum Hamiltonian models provide self-correcting QCs. To this end, we first give a sufficient condition on the connectedness of excitations for a stabilizer code model to be a self-correcting quantum memory. We then study the two main examples of topological stabilizer codes in arbitrary dimensions and establish their self-correcting capabilities. Also, we address the transversality properties of topological color codes, showing that six-dimensional color codes provide a self-correcting model that allows the transversal and local implementation of a universal set of operations in seven spatial dimensions. Finally, we give a procedure for initializing such quantum memories at finite temperature

Self-correcting quantum computers

self-correcting quantum computers

notion resilient unphysical constructive perspective correcting qcs. connectedness excitations stabilizer correcting memory. topological stabilizer codes establish correcting capabilities. transversality topological codes codes correcting transversal universal operations seven dimensions. initializing memories

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17356715

10.1002/ggge.20173

Recently acquired high-resolution multichannel seismic profiles together with bathymetric and sub-bottom profiler data from the external part of the Gulf of Cadiz (Iberia-Africa plate boundary) reveal active deformation involving old (Mesozoic) oceanic lithosphere. This area is located 180 km offshore the SW Iberian Peninsula and embraces the prominent NE-SW trending Coral Patch Ridge, and part of the surrounding deep Horseshoe and Seine abyssal plains. E-W trending dextral strike-slip faults showing surface deformation of flower-like structures predominate in the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain, whereas NE-SW trending compressive structures prevail in the Coral Patch Ridge and Seine Hills. Although the Coral Patch Ridge region is characterized by subdued seismic activity, the area is not free from seismic hazard. Most of the newly mapped faults correspond to active blind thrusts and strike-slip faults that are able to generate large magnitude earthquakes (Mw 7.2-8.4). This may represent a significant earthquake and tsunami hazard that has been overlooked so far

Active deformation in old oceanic lithosphere and significance for earthquake hazard: Seismic imaging of the Coral Patch Ridge area and neighboring abyssal plains (SW Iberian Margin)

active deformation in old oceanic lithosphere and significance for earthquake hazard: seismic imaging of the coral patch ridge area and neighboring abyssal plains (sw iberian margin)

acquired multichannel seismic bathymetric profiler gulf cadiz iberia africa plate reveal deformation involving mesozoic oceanic lithosphere. offshore iberian peninsula embraces prominent trending coral patch ridge surrounding horseshoe seine abyssal plains. trending dextral strike slip faults deformation flower predominate horseshoe abyssal plain trending compressive prevail coral patch ridge seine hills. coral patch ridge subdued seismic seismic hazard. newly mapped faults blind thrusts strike slip faults earthquakes earthquake tsunami hazard overlooked

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18424169

10.1016/j.msea.2011.11.018

An AZ31 rolled sheet alloy has been tested at dynamic strain rates View the MathML source at 250 °C up to various intermediate strains before failure in order to investigate the predominant deformation and restoration mechanisms. In particular, tests have been carried out in compression along the rolling direction (RD), in tension along the RD and in compression along the normal direction (ND). It has been found that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) takes place despite the limited diffusion taking place under the high strain rates investigated. The DRX mechanisms and kinetics depend on the operative deformation mechanisms and thus vary for different loading modes (tension, compression) as well as for different relative orientations between the loading axis and the c-axes of the grains. In particular, DRX is enhanced by the operation of 〈c + a〉 slip, since cross-slip and climb take place more readily than for other slip systems, and thus the formation of high angle boundaries is easier. DRX is also clearly promoted by twinning

Influence of texture on the recrystallization mechanisms in an AZ31 Mg sheet alloy at dynamic rates

influence of texture on the recrystallization mechanisms in an az31 mg sheet alloy at dynamic rates

rolled sheet alloy mathml predominant deformation restoration mechanisms. compression rolling tension compression recrystallization investigated. kinetics operative deformation vary loading tension compression orientations loading axes grains. slip slip climb readily slip boundaries easier. promoted twinning

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19125384

10.1002/oa.991

This study documents long-term changes in stature from the Mesolithic to the late 20th century in the territory of modern Portugal. Data utilised originated from published sources and from a sample of the Lisbon identified skeletal collection, where long bone lengths were collected. Mean long bone lengths were obtained from 20 population samples and compiled into nine periods. Pooled long bone lengths for each period were then converted to stature estimates. Results show three major trends: (1) a slow increase in stature from prehistory to the Middle Ages; (2) a negative trend from the Middle Ages to the late 19th century; and (3) a very rapid increase in mean stature during the second half of the 20th century. The political and territorial stability of the Kingdom of Portugal may have contributed to the greater heights of the medieval Portuguese, compared with the Roman and Modern periods. The negative secular trend was rooted in poor and unsanitary living conditions and the spread of infectious disease, brought about by increased population growth and urbanisation. Although the end of the Middle Ages coincided with the age of discoveries, the population may not have benefited from the overall prosperity of this period. The 20th century witnessed minor and slow changes in the health status of the Portuguese, but it was not until major improvements in social and economic conditions that were initiated in the 1960s, and further progress in the 1970s, that the Portuguese grew taller than ever before. Since the Middle Ages other European countries have experienced similar oscillations, but showed an earlier recovery in stature after the industrial period. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.99

Trends in adult stature of peoples who inhabited the modern Portuguese territory from the Mesolithic to the late 20th century

trends in adult stature of peoples who inhabited the modern portuguese territory from the mesolithic to the late 20th century

documents stature mesolithic century territory modern portugal. utilised originated lisbon skeletal lengths collected. lengths compiled nine periods. pooled lengths converted stature estimates. slow stature prehistory ages ages century stature century. territorial kingdom portugal contributed heights medieval portuguese roman modern periods. secular rooted unsanitary living spread infectious brought urbanisation. ages coincided discoveries benefited prosperity period. century witnessed minor slow portuguese improvements initiated progress portuguese grew taller ever before. ages experienced oscillations recovery stature industrial period.

exact_dup

19125840

10.1023/A:1016551309288

This paper presents and evaluates a simple but very effective method to implement large data warehouses on an arbitrary number of computers, achieving very high query execution performance and scalability. The data is distributed and processed in a potentially large number of autonomous computers using our technique called data warehouse striping (DWS). The major problem of DWS technique is that it would require a very expensive cluster of computers with fault tolerant capabilities to prevent a fault in a single computer to stop the whole system. In this paper, we propose a radically different approach to deal with the problem of the unavailability of one or more computers in the cluster, allowing the use of DWS with a very large number of inexpensive computers. The proposed approach is based on approximate query answering techniques that make it possible to deliver an approximate answer to the user even when one or more computers in the cluster are not available. The evaluation presented in the paper shows both analytically and experimentally that the approximate results obtained this way have a very small error that can be negligible in most of the cases.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101655130928

Approximate Query Answering Using Data Warehouse Striping

approximate query answering using data warehouse striping

presents evaluates implement warehouses computers achieving query execution scalability. processed potentially autonomous computers warehouse striping expensive computers fault tolerant capabilities prevent fault stop system. propose radically deal unavailability computers allowing inexpensive computers. approximate query answering deliver approximate answer computers available. analytically experimentally approximate negligible cases.

exact_dup

19126018

10.1007/s10750-007-0697-3

Abstract In accordance with the Water Framework Directive guidelines (WFD, 2000, European Communities Official Journal L327 2000/60/EC), classification schemes and ecological evaluation tools (based on benthic invertebrate fauna data sets from 1990 to 2002) were applied in the lower Mondego estuary. Two distinct scenarios could be tested due to the implementation of mitigation practices in 1999, following a long eutrophication process, which started by the early 1980s. Some discrepancies in the results were found by the application of the different indices. The AMBI index (accounting for taxonomic composition) and the ABC method (accounting for abundance and biomass k-dominance patterns) classifications often disagreed with those based on species diversity (Margalef and Shannon-Wiener). The ambiguous results made the classification a complex task to achieve, contrary to the Directive’s objective of maintaining it simple and clear. Our results suggest the necessity of adjusting some of the indices and their ranges to estuarine characteristics, namely to account the typical dominance and abundance of some particular species. These aspects are not taken into consideration by some of the indices proposed, which are more adapted to typical marine conditions. Based on our results, these widely applied indices might still improve their efficiency in estuarine systems allowing their use in the resembling types already established within the new Directive agenda.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0697-

Applicability of ecological evaluation tools in estuarine ecosystems: the case of the lower Mondego estuary (Portugal)

applicability of ecological evaluation tools in estuarine ecosystems: the case of the lower mondego estuary (portugal)

accordance directive guidelines communities official schemes ecological benthic invertebrate fauna mondego estuary. scenarios mitigation practices eutrophication started discrepancies indices. ambi accounting taxonomic accounting abundance biomass dominance classifications disagreed diversity margalef shannon wiener ambiguous contrary directive’s maintaining clear. necessity adjusting indices ranges estuarine dominance abundance species. consideration indices adapted marine conditions. widely indices estuarine allowing resembling directive agenda.

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19126129

10.1007/s00012-004-1901-1

Galois connections were originally expressed in a contravariant form with transformations that reverse (rather than preserve) order. Nowadays its covariant form (as residuated maps) is more often used since it is more convenient; namely compositions of residuated maps are handled more easily. In this paper we show that this is not a serious disadvantage of the contravariant form (at least in the natural context for uniform structures, where we need it), by introducing an operation of composition in the complete lattice Gal( L, L) of all (contravariant) Galois connections in a complete lattice L, that allows us to work with Galois connections in the same way as one usually works with residuated maps. This operation endows Gal( L, L) with a structure of quantale whenever L is a locale, allowing the description of uniform structures in terms of Galois connections.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00012-004-1901-

The quantale of Galois connections

the quantale of galois connections

galois connections originally contravariant transformations reverse preserve order. nowadays covariant residuated convenient compositions residuated handled easily. serious disadvantage contravariant introducing contravariant galois connections galois connections residuated maps. endows quantale whenever locale allowing galois connections.

exact_dup

196152373

10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.06.003

The simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis and hydrogenation of cellobiose, as a model constituent of biomass has been studied over Ru/Al-MCM-48. The catalyst, presenting both acidic and hydrogenating functions has been synthesized and characterized by means of N2 adsorption-desorption, SAXS, H2-TPR, XRD, TEM and NH3-TPD. A kinetic model is proposed, and possible reaction pathways and key intermediate compounds of conversion of cellobiose to hexitols are discussed. In the kinetic study the effects of pressure, temperature and time on the onepot reaction were evaluated. A maximum yield around 91% of hexitols was achieved at 180 °C, 5 MPa of H2 and 7 min, where sorbitol was the main compound in the final product with 82% yield. Cellobitol was the main reaction intermediate. Temperatures in the range of 140–180 °C and pressures in the range of 3–5 MPa of H2 were studied and it was concluded that higher temperatures and pressures had a positive effect in order to maximize the production of hexitols. The developed kinetic model predicted with high accuracy the concentration of the different compounds involved in the proposed reaction pathway and served to calculate the reaction rate constant and activation energy values for the different steps of the catalytic process.Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto de investigación: CTQ2015- 64892-R (MINECO/FEDER

One-pot catalytic hydrolysis/hydrogenation of cellobiose into hexitols over Ru/Al-MCM-48

one-pot catalytic hydrolysis/hydrogenation of cellobiose into hexitols over ru/al-mcm-48

simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis hydrogenation cellobiose constituent biomass catalyst presenting acidic hydrogenating synthesized adsorption desorption saxs tpd. pathways conversion cellobiose hexitols discussed. onepot evaluated. hexitols sorbitol compound yield. cellobitol intermediate. pressures concluded pressures maximize hexitols. served catalytic trabajo forma parte proyecto investigación mineco feder

exact_dup

20342067

10.1063/1.4788800

A phosphorus diffusion gettering model is used to examine the efficacy of a standard gettering process on interstitial and precipitated iron in multicrystalline silicon. The model predicts a large concentration of precipitated iron remaining after standard gettering for most as-grown iron distributions. Although changes in the precipitated iron distribution are predicted to be small, the simulated post-processing interstitial iron concentration is predicted to depend strongly on the as-grown distribution of precipitates, indicating that precipitates must be considered as internal sources of contamination during processing. To inform and validate the model, the iron distributions before and after a standard phosphorus diffusion step are studied in samples from the bottom, middle, and top of an intentionally Fe-contaminated laboratory ingot. A census of iron-silicide precipitates taken by synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy confirms the presence of a high density of iron-silicide precipitates both before and after phosphorus diffusion. A comparable precipitated iron distribution was measured in a sister wafer after hydrogenation during a firing step. The similar distributions of precipitated iron seen after each step in the solar cell process confirm that the effect of standard gettering on precipitated iron is strongly limited as predicted by simulation. Good agreement between the experimental and simulated data supports the hypothesis that gettering kinetics is governed by not only the total iron concentration but also by the distribution of precipitated iron. Finally, future directions based on the modeling are suggested for the improvement of effective minority carrier lifetime in multicrystalline silicon solar cells

Precipitated iron: a limit on gettering efficacy in multicrystalline silicon

precipitated iron: a limit on gettering efficacy in multicrystalline silicon

phosphorus gettering examine efficacy gettering interstitial precipitated iron multicrystalline silicon. predicts precipitated iron gettering grown iron distributions. precipitated iron interstitial iron grown precipitates precipitates contamination processing. inform validate iron phosphorus intentionally contaminated ingot. census iron silicide precipitates synchrotron fluorescence microscopy confirms iron silicide precipitates phosphorus diffusion. comparable precipitated iron sister wafer hydrogenation firing step. precipitated iron confirm gettering precipitated iron simulation. supports gettering kinetics governed iron precipitated iron. directions minority carrier lifetime multicrystalline silicon

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2092240

10.1103/PhysRevA.79.065601

We apply a kinetic model to predict the existence of an instability mechanism in elongated Bose-Einstein condensates. Our kinetic description, based on the Wigner formalism, is employed to highlight the existence of unstable Bogoliubov waves that may be excited in the counterpropagation configuration. We identify a dimensionless parameter, the Mach number at T = 0, that tunes different regimes of stability. We also estimate the magnitude of the main parameters at which two-stream instability is expected to be observed under typical experimental conditions.Comment: 4 page

Two-stream instability in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates

two-stream instability in quasi-one-dimensional bose-einstein condensates

predict instability elongated bose einstein condensates. wigner formalism highlight unstable bogoliubov excited counterpropagation configuration. dimensionless mach tunes regimes stability. stream instability

exact_dup

24982152

10.1007/JHEP10(2014)035

We study three-point correlation functions of local operators in planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM at weak coupling using integrability. We consider correlation functions involving two scalar BPS operators and an operator with spin, in the so called SL(2) sector. At tree level we derive the corresponding structure constant for any such operator. We also conjecture its one loop correction. To check our proposals we analyze the conformal partial wave decomposition of known four-point correlation functions of BPS operators. In perturbation theory, we extract from this decomposition sums of structure constants involving all primaries of a given spin and twist. On the other hand, in our integrable setup these sum rules are computed by summing over all solutions to the Bethe equations. A perfect match is found between the two approaches.Comment: 2 figure

Tailoring Non-Compact Spin Chains

tailoring non-compact spin chains

planar mathcal integrability. involving sector. derive operator. conjecture correction. check proposals analyze conformal decomposition operators. perturbation extract decomposition sums involving primaries twist. integrable setup summing bethe equations. perfect match

exact_dup

29137585

10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.008

A statistical theory was proposed for the degradation (random scission of chains) of a network having f-functional nodes in the case where all chains contain equireactive groups and a chain scission event does not create new groups or suppress more than one group. Closedform relations were established between the conversion ratio of the degradation process and the crosslink density. Emphasis was put on the value of the conversion ratio for which the gel disappears. Some limited cases already considered in the literature were recovered, but a general solution was proposed for networks having any number of reactive groups per chain, be it uniform or not, and for conversion ratios up to the degelation point. The results were applied successfully to recent experiments regarding the hydrolysis of a polyester

A statistical theory of polymer network degradation

a statistical theory of polymer network degradation

degradation scission chains chains equireactive scission create suppress group. closedform conversion degradation crosslink density. emphasis conversion disappears. recovered reactive conversion degelation point. successfully hydrolysis polyester

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29137598

10.1002/app.39005

This study deals with the rheological aspects of poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) plastisol gelation and fusion processes in foamable formulations. Here, such processes are simulated by temperature-programmed experiment (5 K min−1) in which complex viscosity components are continuously recorded. Nineteen samples based on a PVC-VAC (vinyl acetate 95/5) copolymer with 100 phr plasticizer have been studied, differing only by the plasticizer structure. The sample shear modulus increases continuously with temperature until a maximum, long time after the end of the dissolution process as characterized by DSC. The temperature at the maximum varies between 345 and 428 K with a clear tendency to increase almost linearly with the plasticizer molar mass, and to vary with the flexibility and the degree of branching of the plasticizer molecule. The shear modulus increase is interpreted in terms of progressive “welding” of swelled particles by polymer chain reptation. The plasticizer nature would mainly affect the friction parameter of chain diffusio

Plastisol Gelation and Fusion Rheological Aspects

plastisol gelation and fusion rheological aspects

deals rheological poly vinyl chloride plastisol gelation fusion foamable formulations. programmed min− viscosity continuously recorded. nineteen vinyl acetate copolymer plasticizer differing plasticizer structure. modulus continuously dissolution dsc. varies tendency linearly plasticizer molar vary flexibility branching plasticizer molecule. modulus interpreted progressive “welding” swelled polymer reptation. plasticizer friction diffusio

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30934093

10.1007/s11948-014-9552-x

Ambient assisted living (AAL) technologies can provide assistance and support to persons with dementia. They might allow them the possibility of living at home for longer whilst maintaining their comfort and security as well as offering a way towards reducing the huge economic and personal costs forecast as the incidence of dementia increases worldwide over coming decades. However, the development, introduction and use of AAL technologies also trigger serious ethical issues. This paper is a systematic literature review of the on-going scholarly debate about these issues. More specifically, we look at the ethical issues involved in research and development (R&D), clinical experimentation, and clinical application of AAL technologies for people with dementia and related stakeholders. In the discussion we focus on: 1) the value of the goals of AAL technologies, 2) the special vulnerability of persons with dementia in their private homes, 3) the complex question of informed consent for the usage of AAL technologies

A review of contemporary work on the ethics of ambient assisted living technologies for people with dementia

a review of contemporary work on the ethics of ambient assisted living technologies for people with dementia

ambient assisted living technologies assistance persons dementia. living home whilst maintaining comfort security offering reducing huge personal forecast incidence dementia worldwide coming decades. technologies trigger serious ethical issues. going scholarly debate issues. look ethical experimentation technologies dementia stakeholders. goals technologies vulnerability persons dementia private homes informed consent usage technologies

exact_dup

33107845

10.1103/PhysRevA.92.052313

In this paper we introduce a simple and natural bipartite Bell scenario, by considering the correlations between two parties defined by general measurements in one party and dichotomic ones in the other. We show that unbounded Bell violations can be obtained in this context. Since such violations cannot occur when both parties use dichotomic measurements, our setting can be considered as the simplest one where this phenomenon can be observed. Our example is essentially optimal in terms of the outputs and the Hilbert space dimension

Large bipartite Bell violations with dichotomic measurements

large bipartite bell violations with dichotomic measurements

bipartite bell parties party dichotomic other. unbounded bell violations context. violations parties dichotomic simplest phenomenon observed. essentially outputs hilbert

exact_dup

33171752

10.1088/0965-0393/21/5/055009

We aim at understanding the multislip behaviour of metals subject to irreversible deformations at small-scales. By focusing on the simple shear of a constrained single-crystal strip, we show that discrete Dislocation Dynamics (DD) simulations predict a strong latent hardening size effect, with smaller being stronger in the range [1.5 µm, 6 µm] for the strip height. We attempt to represent the DD pseudo-experimental results by developing a flow theory of Strain Gradient Crystal Plasticity (SGCP), involving both energetic and dissipative higher-order terms and, as a main novelty, a strain gradient extension of the conventional latent hardening. In order to discuss the capability of the SGCP theory proposed, we implement it into a Finite Element (FE) code and set its material parameters on the basis of the DD results. The SGCP FE code is specifically developed for the boundary value problem under study so that we can implement a fully implicit (Backward Euler) consistent algorithm. Special emphasis is placed on the discussion of the role of the material length scales involved in the SGCP model, from both the mechanical and numerical points of view

Latent hardening size effect in small-scale plasticity

latent hardening size effect in small-scale plasticity

multislip metals irreversible deformations scales. focusing constrained strip dislocation predict latent hardening stronger strip height. attempt pseudo plasticity sgcp involving energetic dissipative novelty latent hardening. capability sgcp implement results. sgcp implement implicit backward euler algorithm. emphasis placed sgcp

exact_dup

35085482

10.1088/1475-7516/2014/12/032

The production rate of right-handed neutrinos from a Standard Model plasma at a temperature above a hundred GeV has previously been evaluated up to NLO in Standard Model couplings (g ∼ 2/3) in relativistic (M ∼ πT) and non-relativistic regimes (M ≫ πT), and up to LO in an ultrarelativistic regime (M ≲ gT). The last result necessitates an all-orders resummation of the loop expansion, accounting for multiple soft scatterings of the nearly light-like particles participating in 1 ↔ 2 reactions. In this paper we suggest how the regimes can be interpolated into a result applicable for any right-handed neutrino mass and at all temperatures above 160GeV. The results can also be used for determining the lepton number washout rate in models containing right-handed neutrinos. Numerical results are given in a tabulated form permitting for their incorporation into leptogenesis codes. We note that due to effects from soft Higgs bosons there is a narrow intermediate regime around (M ∼ g1/2T in which our interpolation is phenomenological and a more precise study would be welcome

Right-handed neutrino production rate at T > 160 GeV

right-handed neutrino production rate at t > 160 gev

handed neutrinos hundred couplings relativistic relativistic regimes ultrarelativistic necessitates orders resummation accounting scatterings nearly participating reactions. regimes interpolated applicable handed gev. determining lepton washout handed neutrinos. tabulated permitting incorporation leptogenesis codes. bosons narrow interpolation phenomenological precise welcome

exact_dup

35091980

10.1007/JHEP08(2015)146

Using gauge/gravity duality, we investigate charge localization near an inter-face in a strongly coupled system. For this purpose we consider a top-down holographic model and determine its conductivities. Our model corresponds to a holographic interface which localizes charge around a (1+1)-dimensional defect in a (2+1)-dimensional system. The setup consists of a D3/D5 intersection at finite temperature and charge density. We work in the probe limit, and consider massive embeddings of a D5-brane where the mass depends on one of the field theory spatial directions, with a profile interpolating between a negative and a positive value. We compute the conductivity in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the interface. For the latter case we are able to express the DC conductivity as a function of background horizon data. At the interface, the DC conductivity in the parallel direction is enhanced up to five times with respect to that in the orthogonal one. We study the implications of broken translation invariance for the AC and DC conductivities

Holographic charge localization at brane intersections

holographic charge localization at brane intersections

duality localization system. holographic conductivities. holographic localizes defect system. setup intersection density. massive embeddings brane directions interpolating value. conductivity perpendicular interface. express conductivity horizon data. conductivity orthogonal one. broken translation invariance conductivities

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38678481

10.1016/j.fss.2012.12.005

It is well-known that the residual of a left-continuous t-norm satisfies the exchange principle (EP). However, the left-continuity of a t-norm is only sufficient and not necessary, as many examples in the literature illustrate. In this work we study the necessary and sufficient conditions on a t-norm for its residual to satisfy (EP). We present a complete characterization of two classes of t-norms whose residuals satisfy (EP), viz., t-norms that are border-continuous and those that have an ordinal sum representation. Based on the obtained results we characterize t-norms, whose residuals satisfy both the exchange principle and the ordering property

R-implications and the exchange principle: The case of border continuous t-norms

r-implications and the exchange principle: the case of border continuous t-norms

residual norm satisfies continuity norm illustrate. norm residual satisfy norms residuals satisfy viz. norms border ordinal representation. characterize norms residuals satisfy ordering

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38678940

10.1007/s12039-015-0782-5

We report here the syntheses and structural studies of dimeric sodium and potassium complexes of composition [Na(THF)2{Ph2P(BH3)N(2,6- i Pr2C6H6)}]2 (2) and [K(THF)2{Ph2P(BH3)N(2,6- i Pr2C6H6)}]2 (3). The sodium complex 2 was readily prepared by the reaction of sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide with 2,6-diisopropylanilidophosphine-borane ligand [2,6- i Pr2C6H3NHP(BH3)Ph2] (1-H) at ambient temperature. The potassium complex 3 was prepared by two synthetic routes: in the first method, the ligand 1-H was made to react with potassium hydride at room temperature to afford the corresponding potassium complex. The potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amides were made to react with protic ligand 1-H in the second method to eliminate the volatile bis(trimethyl)silyl amine. Solid-state structures of both the new complexes were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the molecular structures of complexes 2, the sodium metal is coordinated by the anilido nitrogen (η 1) and borane group (η 1) attached to the phosphorus atom of ligand 1. In contrast, for compound 2, ligand 1 displays η 6 π-arene interaction from 2,6-diisopopylphenyl ring with potassium atom along with η 3 interaction of BH3 group due to larger ionic radius of potassium ion

Syntheses and structures of dimeric sodium and potassium complexes of 2,6-diisopropyl-Anilidophosphine borane ligand

syntheses and structures of dimeric sodium and potassium complexes of 2,6-diisopropyl-anilidophosphine borane ligand

syntheses dimeric sodium potassium complexes sodium readily sodium trimethylsilyl amide diisopropylanilidophosphine borane ligand ambient temperature. potassium synthetic routes ligand react potassium hydride room afford potassium complex. potassium trimethylsilyl amides react protic ligand eliminate volatile trimethyl silyl amine. complexes diffraction analysis. complexes sodium coordinated anilido nitrogen borane attached phosphorus atom ligand compound ligand displays arene diisopopylphenyl potassium atom ionic potassium

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41136325

10.1007/s00726-013-1591-0

The polyamine spermine is transported into the\ud mitochondrial matrix by an electrophoretic mechanism\ud having as driving force the negative electrical membrane\ud potential (DW). The presence of phosphate increases\ud spermine uptake by reducingDpH and enhancingDW. The\ud transport system is a specific uniporter constituted by a\ud protein channel exhibiting two asymmetric energy barriers\ud with the spermine binding site located in the energy well\ud between the two barriers. Although spermine transport is\ud electrophoretic in origin, its accumulation does not follow\ud the Nernst equation for the presence of an efflux pathway.\ud Spermine efflux may be induced by different agents, such as\ud FCCP, antimycin A and mersalyl, able to completely or\ud partially reduce theDWvalue and, consequently, suppress\ud or weaken the force necessary to maintain spermine in the\ud matrix. However this efflux may also take place in normal\ud conditions when the electrophoretic accumulation of the\ud polycationic polyamine induces a sufficient drop inDWable\ud to trigger the efflux pathway. The release of the polyamine\ud is most probably electroneutral in origin and can take place\ud in exchange with protons or in symport with phosphate\ud anion. The activity of both the uptake and efflux pathways\ud induces a continuous cycling of spermine across the mitochondrial membrane, the rate of which may be prominent in imposing the concentrations of spermine in the inner and\ud outer compartment. Thus, this event has a significant role on\ud mitochondrial permeability transition modulation and consequently on the triggering of intrinsic apoptosis

Bidirectional fluxes of spermine across the mitochondrial membrane.

bidirectional fluxes of spermine across the mitochondrial membrane.

polyamine spermine transported mitochondrial electrophoretic driving electrical phosphate spermine uptake reducingdph enhancingdw. uniporter constituted exhibiting asymmetric barriers spermine barriers. spermine electrophoretic accumulation nernst efflux pathway. spermine efflux fccp antimycin mersalyl partially thedwvalue suppress weaken maintain spermine matrix. efflux electrophoretic accumulation polycationic polyamine induces drop indwable trigger efflux pathway. polyamine probably electroneutral protons symport phosphate anion. uptake efflux pathways induces cycling spermine mitochondrial prominent imposing spermine outer compartment. mitochondrial permeability modulation triggering intrinsic apoptosis

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41144507

10.1063/1.3638046

Crystallization and vitrification of tetrahedral liquids are important both from a fundamental and a technological point of view. Here, we study via extensive umbrella sampling Monte Carlo computer simulations the nucleation barriers for a simple model for tetrahedral patchy particles in the regime where open tetrahedral crystal structures (namely, cubic and hexagonal diamond and their stacking hybrids) are thermodynamically stable. We show that by changing the angular bond width, it is possible to move from a glass-forming model to a readily crystallizing model. From the shape of the barrier we infer the role of surface tension in the formation of the crystalline clusters. Studying the trends of the nucleation barriers with the temperature and the patch width, we are able to identify an optimal value of the patch size that leads to easy nucleation. Finally, we find that the nucleation barrier is the same, within our numerical precision, for both diamond crystals and for their stacking forms. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3638046

Nucleation barriers in tetrahedral liquids spanning glassy and crystallizing regimes

nucleation barriers in tetrahedral liquids spanning glassy and crystallizing regimes

crystallization vitrification tetrahedral liquids technological view. extensive umbrella monte carlo nucleation barriers tetrahedral patchy tetrahedral cubic hexagonal diamond stacking hybrids thermodynamically stable. changing bond move glass forming readily crystallizing model. barrier infer tension crystalline clusters. studying nucleation barriers patch patch nucleation. nucleation barrier precision diamond crystals stacking forms.

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46523540

10.1080/15374416.2016.1138410

Recent research has indicated that vicarious learning can lead to increases in children’s fear beliefs and avoidance preferences for stimuli and that these fear responses can subsequently be reversed using positive modeling (counterconditioning). The current study investigated children’s vicariously acquired avoidance behavior, physiological responses (heart rate), and attentional bias for stimuli and whether these could also be reduced via counterconditioning. Ninety-six (49 boys, 47 girls) 7- to 11-year-olds received vicarious fear learning for novel stimuli and were then randomly assigned to a counterconditioning, extinction, or control group. Fear beliefs and avoidance preferences were measured pre- and post-learning, whereas avoidance behavior, heart rate, and attentional bias were all measured post-learning. Control group children showed increases in fear beliefs and avoidance preferences for animals seen in vicarious fear learning trials. In addition, significantly greater avoidance behavior, heart rate responding, and attentional bias were observed for these animals compared to a control animal. In contrast, vicariously acquired avoidance preferences of children in the counterconditioning group were significantly reduced post-positive modeling, and these children also did not show the heightened heart rate responding to fear-paired animals. Children in the extinction group demonstrated comparable responses to the control group; thus the extinction procedure showed no effect on any fear measures. The findings suggest that counterconditioning with positive modelling can be used as an effective early intervention to reduce the behavioral and physiological effects of vicarious fear learning in childhood

Reductions in children’s vicariously learnt avoidance and heart rate responses using positive modeling

reductions in children’s vicariously learnt avoidance and heart rate responses using positive modeling

vicarious children’s fear beliefs avoidance preferences stimuli fear subsequently reversed counterconditioning children’s vicariously acquired avoidance physiological attentional stimuli counterconditioning. ninety boys girls olds vicarious fear stimuli randomly assigned counterconditioning extinction group. fear beliefs avoidance preferences avoidance attentional learning. fear beliefs avoidance preferences vicarious fear trials. avoidance responding attentional animal. vicariously acquired avoidance preferences counterconditioning heightened responding fear paired animals. extinction comparable extinction fear measures. counterconditioning behavioral physiological vicarious fear childhood

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47097028

10.1016/j.future.2013.05.003

International audienceComplex-systems describe multiple levels of collective structure and organization. In such systems, the emergence of global behaviour from local interactions is generally studied through large scale experiments on numerical models. This analysis generates important computation loads which require the use of multi-core servers, clusters or grid computing. Dealing with such large scale executions is especially challenging for modellers who don't possess the theoretical and methodological skills required to take advantage of high performance computing environments. That's why we have designed a cloud approach for model experimentation. This approach has been implemented in OpenMOLE (Open MOdel Experiment) as a Domain Specific Language (DSL) that leverages the naturally parallel aspect of model experiments. The OpenMOLE DSL has been designed to explore user-supplied models. It delegates transparently their numerous executions to remote execution environment. From a user perspective, those environments are viewed as services providing computing power, therefore no technical detail is ever exposed. This paper presents the OpenMOLE DSL through the example of a toy model exploration and through the automated calibration of a real-world complex system model in the field of geography

OpenMOLE, a workflow engine specifically tailored for the distributed exploration of simulation models

openmole, a workflow engine specifically tailored for the distributed exploration of simulation models

audiencecomplex collective organization. emergence models. generates loads servers computing. dealing executions challenging modellers possess methodological skills advantage environments. experimentation. implemented openmole leverages naturally aspect experiments. openmole explore supplied models. delegates transparently numerous executions remote execution environment. perspective environments viewed ever exposed. presents openmole exploration automated calibration geography

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47125378

10.1016/j.geoderma.2003.08.017

Ferralsols under native vegetation have a weak to moderate macrostructure and a well-developed microstructure corresponding to subrounded microaggregates that are usually 80 to 300 μm in size. The aim of this study was to analyze how the hydraulic properties of a clay Ferralsol were affected by a change of structure when the native vegetation is cleared for pasture. We studied the macrostructure in the field and microstructure in scanning electron microscopy. The water retention properties were determined by using pressure cell equipment. We determined the saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, by applying a constant hydraulic head to saturated core samples, and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, K(Ψ), by applying the evaporation method to undisturbed core samples. Results showed a significant decrease in the water retained at −1 and −10 hPa from 0- to 40-cm-depth when the native vegetation is cleared for pasture. That decrease in the water retained was related to a smaller development of microaggregation and greater proportion of microaggregates in close packing. For smaller water potential, there was no difference of water retained at every depth between native vegetation and pasture. Pedotransfer functions established earlier for Brazilian Ferralsols and using clay content as single predictor gave pretty good results but the precision of the estimation decreased when the water potential increased. This decrease in the precision was related to the lack of predictor taking structure into account. Ks and K(Ψ) showed an upward trend with depth under native vegetation and pasture. Except at 0–7-cm depth between the Brachiaria clumps in the pasture where smaller Ks and K(Ψ) than at the other depth was recorded whatever land use, we did not record any significant difference of Ks and K(Ψ) at every depth between native vegetation and pasture. The upward trend shown by the hydraulic conductivity with depth was related to the increase in the development of microaggregation with depth

Change in the hydraulic properties of a Brazilian clay Ferralsol on clearing for pasture.

change in the hydraulic properties of a brazilian clay ferralsol on clearing for pasture.

ferralsols native vegetation moderate macrostructure microstructure subrounded microaggregates size. analyze hydraulic clay ferralsol native vegetation cleared pasture. macrostructure microstructure scanning microscopy. retention equipment. saturated hydraulic conductivity hydraulic saturated unsaturated hydraulic conductivity evaporation undisturbed samples. retained native vegetation cleared pasture. retained microaggregation proportion microaggregates packing. retained native vegetation pasture. pedotransfer brazilian ferralsols clay predictor gave pretty precision increased. precision predictor account. upward native vegetation pasture. brachiaria clumps pasture whatever record native vegetation pasture. upward hydraulic conductivity microaggregation

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47282238

10.1016/j.cviu.2013.07.003

International audienceWith the aim of elaborating a mobile application, accessible to anyone and with educational purposes, we present a method for tree species identification that relies on dedicated algorithms and explicit botany-inspired descriptors. Focusing on the analysis of leaves, we developed a working process to help recognize species, starting from a picture of a leaf in a complex natural background. A two-step active contour segmentation algorithm based on a polygonal leaf model processes the image to retrieve the contour of the leaf. Features we use afterwards are high-level geometrical descriptors that make a semantic interpretation possible, and prove to achieve better performance than more generic and statistical shape descriptors alone. We present the results, both in terms of segmentation and classification, considering a database of 50 European broad-leaved tree species, and an implementation of the system is available in the iPhone application Folia

Understanding Leaves in Natural Images - A Model-Based Approach for Tree Species Identification

understanding leaves in natural images - a model-based approach for tree species identification

audiencewith elaborating mobile accessible anyone educational purposes relies dedicated botany inspired descriptors. focusing leaves recognize picture leaf background. contour segmentation polygonal leaf retrieve contour leaf. afterwards geometrical descriptors semantic generic descriptors alone. segmentation broad leaved iphone folia

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47307323

10.1007/978-3-642-55355-4_13

Part 3: Finance and Service ScienceInternational audienceThe increased complexity in education systems has given rise to a number of intersecting trends and calling for a discipline to integrate across academic silos. As the concept of service innovation advances more rapidly into education services; industry, government, and academy are awakened to the concept of embedding services innovation. This theoretical paper offers an integrated framework for education systems (IFES) covering two intersecting dimensions where service innovation and service science can take place. As an effort to contribute in the area of service innovation and service sciences, an interdisciplinary approach is applied, interconnecting an array of competences across the different stakeholders. It is hypothesized that to increase productivity in education industries, interconnecting knowledge and resources from diverse areas and across different stakeholders through the co-lineation of four dimensions: (1) information, communications and technology; (2) skills and tools; (3) people and attitudes; (4) systems, processes and management; are essential to creating service innovation. This paper contributes a perspective of interconnectivity balanced with harmony that are crucial for effective productivity and service innovation by adopting a service science approach

An Interdisciplinary Perspective on Education Service Systems

an interdisciplinary perspective on education service systems

finance scienceinternational audiencethe intersecting calling discipline integrate academic silos. innovation advances rapidly academy awakened embedding innovation. offers ifes covering intersecting innovation place. effort innovation interdisciplinary interconnecting array competences stakeholders. hypothesized productivity industries interconnecting diverse stakeholders lineation communications skills attitudes creating innovation. contributes perspective interconnectivity balanced harmony crucial productivity innovation adopting

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47716462

10.1007/s10683-009-9223-y

International audienceThis paper studies the role of strategic teaching in coordination games and whether changing the incentives of players to teach leads to more efficient coordination. We ran experiments where subjects played one of four coordination games in constant pairings, where the incentives to teach were varied along two dimensions--the short run cost of teaching and the long run benefit to teaching. We show which aspects of the game lead subjects to adopt long run teaching strategies, and show that subjects try to manipulate their opponent's actions to pull them out of a situation of coordination failure. We also show that extending a model of decision making by introducing a forward-looking component helps to track teachers' behaviour more accurately, and describes the way players behave in a more unified way across both teachers and learners

Learning and Sophistication in Coordination Games

learning and sophistication in coordination games

audiencethis strategic teaching coordination games changing incentives players teach coordination. played coordination games pairings incentives teach varied teaching benefit teaching. game adopt teaching manipulate opponent pull coordination failure. extending introducing looking helps track teachers accurately describes players behave unified teachers learners

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47777156

10.1016/j.jinteco.2008.07.006

International audienceMost of the theoretical and empirical studies on the Home Market Effect (HME) assume the existence of an \outside good" that absorbs all trade imbalances and equalizes wages. We study the consequences on the HME of removing this assumption. The HME is attenuated and, more interestingly, it becomes non-linear. The non-linearity implies that the HME is more important for very large and very small countries than for medium size countries. The empirical investigation conducted on a database comprising 25 indus- tries, 25 countries, and 7 years con¯rms the presence of the HME and of its non-linear shape

Trade costs and the Home Market Effect

trade costs and the home market effect

audiencemost home absorbs trade imbalances equalizes wages. consequences removing assumption. attenuated interestingly linear. linearity countries. comprising indus tries con¯rms

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47816012

10.1002/smj.707

International audienceDeveloping technological applications, entering exploitation alliances, and choosing between a research- or service-focused strategic orientation are decisions that high-tech firms must manage concurrently. This paper explores systematically the contrasting effects of these strategic determinants on rent-generation and rent-appropriation using the entire population of French biotech firms (1994-2002). Findings indicate that science and money do not go unconditionally together - the direct relationship between rent-accruing resources (e.g., patents or articles) and rent appropriation varies depending on the type of resources and the strategic orientation. Moreover, the effects of strategic determinants differ for rent-generation vs. rent-appropriation: 1) technological application diversity undermines a firm's capacity to appropriate rents - in particular for research-oriented firms; 2) exploitation alliances favor rent generation but hinder rent appropriation; 3) service-oriented firms exhibit significantly better performance than research-oriented firms. Such evidence challenges the emergence in the biotechnology industry of a 'one-best' strategic trajectory, as represented by research-intensive start-ups funded by private money engaged in publishing and patenting races

Do Science and Money Go Together? The Case of the French Biotech Industry

do science and money go together? the case of the french biotech industry

audiencedeveloping technological entering exploitation alliances choosing focused strategic decisions tech firms manage concurrently. explores systematically contrasting strategic determinants rent rent appropriation french biotech firms money unconditionally rent accruing e.g. patents articles rent appropriation varies strategic orientation. strategic determinants rent rent appropriation technological diversity undermines firm rents oriented firms exploitation alliances favor rent hinder rent appropriation oriented firms exhibit oriented firms. challenges emergence biotechnology strategic trajectory intensive funded private money engaged publishing patenting races

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48159370

10.1016/j.ic.2012.11.005

International audienceThe model checking problem for finite-state open systems (module checking) has been extensively studied in the literature, both in the context of environments with perfect and imperfect information about the system. Recently , the perfect information case has been extended to infinite-state systems (pushdown module checking). In this paper, we extend pushdown module checking to the imperfect information setting; i.e., to the case where the environment has only a partial view of the system's control states and push-down store content. We study the complexity of this problem with respect to the branching-time temporal logics CTL, CTL * and the propositional µ-calculus. We show that pushdown module checking, which is by itself harder than pushdown model checking, becomes undecidable when the environment has imperfect information. We also show that undecidability relies on hiding information about the pushdown store. Indeed, we prove that with imperfect information about the control states, but a visible pushdown store, the problem is decidable and its complexity is 2Exptime-complete for CTL and the propositional µ-calculus, and 3Exptime-complete for CTL *

Pushdown Module Checking with Imperfect Information

pushdown module checking with imperfect information

audiencethe checking module checking extensively environments perfect imperfect system. perfect infinite pushdown module checking extend pushdown module checking imperfect i.e. push store content. branching logics propositional calculus. pushdown module checking harder pushdown checking undecidable imperfect information. undecidability relies hiding pushdown store. imperfect visible pushdown store decidable exptime propositional calculus exptime

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48160441

10.1002/ajh.24130

International audienceCentral nervous system (CNS) thrombotic events are a well-known complication of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) induction therapy, especially with treatments including l-asparaginase (l-ASP). Data on risk factors and clinical evolution is still lacking in adult patients. We report on the clinical evolution of 22 CNS venous thrombosis cases occurring in 708 adults treated for ALL or lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL) with the Group for Research on Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (GRAALL)-induction protocol, which included eight L-ASP (6,000 IU/m2) infusions. The prevalence of CNS thrombosis was 3.1%. CNS thrombosis occurred after a median of 18 days (range: 11–31) when patients had received a median of three l-ASP injections (range: 2–7). Patients with CNS thrombosis exhibited a median antithrombin (AT) nadir of 47.5% (range: 36–67%) at Day 17 (range: D3–D28), and 95% of them exhibited AT levels lower than 60%. There were no evident increase in hereditary thrombotic risk factors prevalence, and thrombosis occurred despite heparin prophylaxis which was performed in 90% of patients. Acquired AT deficiency was frequently detected in patients with l-ASP-based therapy, and patients with CNS thrombosis received AT prophylaxis (45%) less frequently than patients without CNS thrombosis (83%), P = 0.0002). CNS thrombosis was lethal in 5% of patients, while 20% had persistent sequelae. One patient received all planned l-ASP infusions without recurrence of CNS thrombotic whereas l-ASP injections were discontinued in 20 patients during the management of thrombosis without a significant impact on overall survival (P = 0.4). Am. J. Hematol. 90:986–991, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, In

Cerebral venous thrombosis in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma during induction chemotherapy with l-asparaginase: The GRAALL experience

cerebral venous thrombosis in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma during induction chemotherapy with l-asparaginase: the graall experience

audiencecentral nervous thrombotic complication lymphoblastic leukemia treatments asparaginase lacking patients. venous thrombosis occurring adults lymphoblastic lymphoma lymphoblastic leukemia graall eight infusions. prevalence thrombosis thrombosis occurred injections thrombosis exhibited antithrombin nadir exhibited evident hereditary thrombotic prevalence thrombosis occurred heparin prophylaxis patients. acquired deficiency frequently thrombosis prophylaxis frequently thrombosis thrombosis lethal persistent sequelae. planned infusions recurrence thrombotic injections discontinued thrombosis hematol. wiley periodicals

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48183681

10.1016/j.jde.2015.07.007

International audienceWe study internal null controllability for degenerate parabolic equa-tions of Grushin-type Gγ = ∂_{xx} + |x|^2γ ∂_{yy} , (γ > 0), in the rectangle (x, y) ∈ Ω = (−1, 1) × (0, 1). Previous works proved that null controllability holds for weak degen-eracies (γ small), and fails for strong degeneracies (γ large). Moreover, in the transition regime and with strip shaped control domains, a positive minimal time is required. In this paper, we work with controls acting on two strips, symmetric with respect to the degeneracy. We give the explicit value of the minimal time and we characterize the initial data that can be steered to zero in time T (when the system is not null controllable): their regularity depends on the control domain and the time T . We also prove that, with a control that acts on one strip, touching the degeneracy line {x = 0}, then Grushin-type equations are null controllable in any time T > 0 and for any degeneracy γ > 0. Our approach is based on a precise study of the observability property for the one-dimensional heat equations satisfied by the Fourier coefficients in variable y. This precise study is done, through a transmutation process, on the resulting one-dimensional wave equations, by lateral propagation of energy method

2D Grushin-type equations: minimal time and null controllable data

2d grushin-type equations: minimal time and null controllable data

audiencewe controllability degenerate parabolic equa grushin rectangle proved controllability degen eracies fails degeneracies strip shaped required. acting strips degeneracy. characterize steered controllable regularity acts strip touching degeneracy grushin controllable degeneracy precise observability satisfied fourier precise transmutation lateral propagation

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48206962

10.1103/PhysRevB.81.184433

International audienceUsing X-band electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, we investigate the magnetic properties of the low-dimensional quantum-spin systems, VO(HPO4)⋅0.5H2O, KZn(H2O)(VO)2(PO4)2(H2PO4), and CsV2O5, where the magnetic V4+(S=1/2) ions are arranged in pairs. By studying the temperature dependence as well as the angular dependence of the ESR spectra, we find that these systems, which may be well described as spin-1/2 dimer systems, show a change in behavior as a function of temperature. At room temperature, in accordance with the Kubo-Tomita prediction, an exchange narrowing phenomenon takes place, whereas linewidth broadening and then the appearance of a fine structure are instead observed at helium temperatures where spins are strongly correlated

Electron spin resonance in three spin- 1/2 dimer systems: VO(HPO4)0.5H2O , KZn(H2O)(VO)2(PO4)2(H2PO4) , and CsV_{2}O_{5}

electron spin resonance in three spin- 1/2 dimer systems: vo(hpo4)0.5h2o , kzn(h2o)(vo)2(po4)2(h2po4) , and csv_{2}o_{5}

audienceusing spectroscopy arranged pairs. studying dimer temperature. room accordance kubo tomita narrowing phenomenon linewidth broadening appearance fine helium spins

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48231004

10.1016/j.crte.2011.07.005

International audienceLA-ICP-MS U-Pb analyses performed on zircon grains from the Lizio granite yielded an emplacement age of 316 6 Ma. Typical S-C structures show that the Lizio granite was emplaced contemporaneously with dextral shearing along the northern branch of the South Armorican Shear Zone and that it was therefore active at that time. 40Ar/39Ar analyses performed on muscovite grains yielded plateau dates ranging between 311.5 and 308.2 Ma. Muscovite chemistry is typical of primary magmatic muscovite, which precludes a late fluidsinduced resetting of the K-Ar isotopic system. 40Ar/39Ar dates thus likely correspond to the cooling ages below the argon closure temperature. Considering the uncertainties on the measured ages, we can propose that either the Lizio granite cooled down quickly in less than a million of years or that it remained in a hot environment for several millions of years after its emplacement. This latter scenario could have been sustained by shear heating during dextral shearing along the northern branch of the South Armorican Shear Zone

New U-Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar muscovite age constraints on the emplacement of the Lizio syn-tectonic granite (Armorican Massif, France)

new u-pb zircon and 40ar/39ar muscovite age constraints on the emplacement of the lizio syn-tectonic granite (armorican massif, france)

audiencela zircon grains lizio granite yielded emplacement lizio granite emplaced contemporaneously dextral shearing northern branch armorican time. muscovite grains yielded plateau dates ranging muscovite magmatic muscovite precludes fluidsinduced resetting isotopic system. dates cooling ages argon closure temperature. ages propose lizio granite cooled quickly million remained millions emplacement. sustained heating dextral shearing northern branch armorican

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48262831

10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00760-5

International audienceTransfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA, 10Sa RNA or ssrA) acts to rescue stalled bacterial ribosomes while encoding a peptide tag added trans-translationally to the nascent peptide, targeting it for proteolysis. The understanding at molecular level of this ubiquitous quality control system in eubacteria requires structural information. Here, we describe the purification and structural analysis of a functional fragment of both Aquifex aeolicus and Escherichia coli tmRNA, recapitulating their tRNA-like domain, which were expressed in vivo from synthetic genes. Both recombinant RNA are correctly processed at both 5' and 3' ends and are produced in quantities suitable for structural analysis by NMR and/or X-ray crystallography. The sequence and solution structure of the tRNA-like domains were analysed by various methods including structural mapping with chemical and enzymatic probes and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The minimalist RNAs contain two post-transcriptional base modifications, 5-methyluridine and pseudouridine, as the full-length tmRNA. Both RNAs fold into three stems, a D-analogue, a T-loop and a GAAA tetra-loop. 2D NMR analysis of the imino proton resonances of both RNAs allowed the assignment of the three stems and of a number of tertiary interactions. It shows the existence of interactions between the TPsiC-loop and the D-analogue, exhibiting a number of similarities and also differences with the canonical tRNA fold, indicating that RNA tertiary interactions can be modulated according to the sequence and secondary structure contexts. Furthermore, the E.coli minimalist RNA is aminoacylatable with alanine with a catalytic efficiency an order of magnitude higher than that for full-length tmRNA

The tRNA-like domains of E coli and A.aeolicus transfer-messenger RNA: structural and functional studies.

the trna-like domains of e coli and a.aeolicus transfer-messenger rna: structural and functional studies.

audiencetransfer messenger tmrna ssra acts rescue stalled bacterial ribosomes encoding translationally nascent targeting proteolysis. ubiquitous eubacteria information. purification fragment aquifex aeolicus escherichia coli tmrna recapitulating trna synthetic genes. recombinant correctly processed ends quantities crystallography. trna analysed enzymatic probes spectroscopy. minimalist rnas transcriptional modifications methyluridine pseudouridine tmrna. rnas stems analogue gaaa tetra loop. imino proton resonances rnas assignment stems tertiary interactions. tpsic analogue exhibiting similarities canonical trna tertiary modulated contexts. e.coli minimalist aminoacylatable alanine catalytic tmrna

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49293359

10.1007/s11340-012-9671-8

International audienceThe ply elastic constants needed for classical lamination theory analysis of multi-directional laminates may differ from those obtained from unidirectional laminates because of three dimensional effects. In addition, the unidirectional laminates may not be available for testing. In such cases, full-field displacement measurements offer the potential of identifying several material properties simultaneously. For that, it is desirable to create complex displacement fields that are strongly influenced by all the elastic constants. In this work, we explore the potential of using a laminated plate with an open-hole under traction loading to achieve that and identify all four ply elastic constants (E 1 , E 2 , ν 12 , G 12 ) at once. However, the accuracy of the identified properties may not be as good as properties measured from individual tests due to the complexity of the experiment, the relative insensitivity of the measured quantities to some of the properties and the various possible sources of uncertainty. It is thus important to quantify the uncertainty (or confidence) with which these properties are identified. Here, Bayesian identification is used for this purpose, because it can readily model all the uncertainties in the analysis and measurements, and because it provides the full coupled probability distribution of the identified material properties. In addition, it offers the potential to combine properties identified based on substantially different experiments. The full-field measurement is obtained by moiré interferometry. For computational efficiency the Bayesian approach was applied to a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the displacement fields. The analysis showed that the four orthotropic elastic constants are determined with quite different confidence levels as well as with significant correlation. Comparison with manufacturing specifications showed substantial difference in one constant, and this conclusion agreed with earlier measurement of that constant by a traditional four-point bending test. It is possible that the POD approach did not take full advantage of the copious data provided by the full field measurements, and for that reason that data is provided for others to use (as on line material attached to the article)

Bayesian Identification of Elastic Constants in Multi-Directional Laminate from Moiré Interferometry Displacement Fields

bayesian identification of elastic constants in multi-directional laminate from moiré interferometry displacement fields

audiencethe elastic lamination directional laminates unidirectional laminates effects. unidirectional laminates testing. displacement offer identifying simultaneously. desirable create displacement influenced elastic constants. explore laminated plate traction loading elastic once. insensitivity quantities uncertainty. quantify confidence identified. bayesian readily properties. offers combine substantially experiments. moiré interferometry. bayesian proper orthogonal decomposition displacement fields. orthotropic elastic confidence correlation. manufacturing specifications substantial agreed traditional bending test. advantage copious attached

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50619282

10.1080/00036846.2015.1083090

International audienceThe aim of this article is to examine the impact of stock exchange mergers on the degree of informational efficiency. For this purpose, we apply the generalized spectral shape test for the martingale difference hypothesis to the stock returns before and after the 31 domestic and crossborder mergers completed from 1997 to 2011. The test is conducted with moving subsample windows, allowing us to detect the periods of (in)efficiency, and thus to conduct a comparative analysis for pre-merger and post-merger periods. We find that higher levels of efficiency are less frequent than lower levels of efficiency after a stock exchange merger. We also find that the impact on the level of efficiency depends on a range of merger characteristics such as the level of development, size, geographical diversification and industrial diversification of stock exchang

Stock Exchange Mergers and Market

stock exchange mergers and market

audiencethe examine stock mergers informational efficiency. martingale stock returns domestic crossborder mergers completed moving subsample windows allowing detect conduct comparative merger merger periods. frequent stock merger. merger geographical diversification industrial diversification stock exchang

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51944241

10.1051/eas/1466011

International audienceOrdinary least square is the common way to estimate linear regression models. When inputs are correlated or when they are too numerous, regression methods using derived inputs directions or shrinkage methods can be efficient alternatives. Methods using derived inputs directions build new uncorrelated variables as linear combination of the initial inputs, whereas shrinkage methods introduce regularization and variable selection by penalizing the usual least square criterion. Both kinds of methods are presented and illustrated thanks to the R software on an astronomical dataset

Linear Regression in High Dimension and/or for Correlated Inputs

linear regression in high dimension and/or for correlated inputs

audienceordinary models. inputs numerous inputs directions shrinkage alternatives. inputs directions build uncorrelated inputs shrinkage regularization penalizing usual criterion. kinds illustrated thanks astronomical dataset

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51944961

10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.08.010

International audienceThe present study examined whether infant-directed (ID) speech facilitates intersensory matching of audio–visual fluent speech in 12-month-old infants. German-learning infants’ audio–visual matching ability of German and French fluent speech was assessed by using a variant of the intermodal matching procedure, with auditory and visual speech information presented sequentially. In Experiment 1, the sentences were spoken in an adult-directed (AD) manner. Results showed that 12-month-old infants did not exhibit a matching performance for the native, nor for the non-native language. However, Experiment 2 revealed that when ID speech stimuli were used, infants did perceive the relation between auditory and visual speech attributes, but only in response to their native language. Thus, the findings suggest that ID speech might have an influence on the intersensory perception of fluent speech and shed further light on multisensory perceptual narrowing

The influence of infant-directed speech on 12-month-olds’ intersensory perception of fluent speech

the influence of infant-directed speech on 12-month-olds’ intersensory perception of fluent speech

audiencethe infant directed speech facilitates intersensory matching audio–visual fluent speech month infants. german infants’ audio–visual matching german french fluent speech variant intermodal matching auditory speech sequentially. sentences spoken directed manner. month infants exhibit matching native native language. speech stimuli infants perceive auditory speech attributes native language. speech intersensory perception fluent speech shed multisensory perceptual narrowing

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51946199

10.1007/s00775-003-0519-7

International audienceFor more than 30 years, the only enzymatic system known to catalyze the elimination of superoxide was superoxide dismutase, SOD. SOD has been found in almost all organisms living in the presence of oxygen, including some anaerobic bacteria, supporting the notion that superoxide is a key and general component of oxidative stress. Recently, a new concept in the field of the mechanisms of cellular defense against superoxide has emerged. It was discovered that elimination of superoxide in some anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria could occur by reduction, a reaction catalyzed by a small metalloenzyme thus named superoxide reductase, SOR. Having played a major role in this discovery, we describe here how the concept of superoxide reduction emerged and how it was experimentally substantiated independently in our laboratory

Discovery of superoxide reductase: an historical perspective.

discovery of superoxide reductase: an historical perspective.

audiencefor enzymatic catalyze elimination superoxide superoxide dismutase sod. organisms living anaerobic bacteria supporting notion superoxide oxidative stress. defense superoxide emerged. discovered elimination superoxide anaerobic microaerophilic bacteria catalyzed metalloenzyme named superoxide reductase sor. played discovery superoxide emerged experimentally substantiated independently

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51964695

10.1016/j.langsci.2013.02.011

International audienceLiaison is a sandhi phenomenon in French. Over the last four decades, it has given rise to many different models illustrating the whole range of phonological theories. More recently, new studies have documented its acquisition in French-speaking children as well as adult learners of French as a second language. These studies have resulted in the elaboration of two models of the acquisition process: 1/ the constructionist model (Chevrot, Dugua & Fayol, 2009; Nicoladis & Paradis, 2011) developed within the framework of the usage-based theories; 2/ the phonological model (Wauquier, 2009) which represents the framework of nonlinear phonology. Our aim is to re-examine the usage-based model in the light of the criticisms and suggestions made by Wauquier (2009). We shall first present the two models and then examine the issues under discussion. After that, we shall present longitudinal data testing a prediction made by the phonological model with regard to the generalization process in L1 and L2 acquisition. To conclude, we shall identify the points that remain to be clarified for each of the models and the directions which future research should take

Liaison acquisition: debates, critical issues, future research

liaison acquisition: debates, critical issues, future research

audienceliaison sandhi phenomenon french. decades illustrating phonological theories. documented acquisition french speaking learners french language. resulted elaboration acquisition constructionist chevrot dugua fayol nicoladis paradis usage phonological wauquier phonology. examine usage criticisms suggestions wauquier examine discussion. longitudinal phonological regard generalization acquisition. clarified directions

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52191199

10.1016/j.alter.2016.02.005

International audienceIn this article, I analyze one evolution in disability research over the past 30 years: the shift from an individual to a social approach to disability. While most disability research has currently “socialized” disability or at the least situates disabled people within a social context, not all do so in the same way nor based on the same assumptions. They lead to different concepts of the person and society and different concepts of disability and normalcy. I analyze this evolution by looking at three approaches to disability: the social model, the approach taken in the sociology of science and technology, and the ethics of care. I show how each, by renewing the analysis of disability, has brought about changes for disabled people and transformed ways of “living together” and “making society.” I also show the limits of these approaches and propose lines of thought for the continuation of our research, notably around the question of autonomy. I propose that we re-think autonomy from the standpoint of the notion of “recalcitrance”

Rethinking disability: Lessons from the past, questions for the future. Contributions and limits of the social model, the sociology of science and technology, and the ethics of care

rethinking disability: lessons from the past, questions for the future. contributions and limits of the social model, the sociology of science and technology, and the ethics of care

audiencein analyze disability disability. disability “socialized” disability situates disabled assumptions. concepts person concepts disability normalcy. analyze looking disability sociology ethics care. renewing disability brought disabled transformed ways “living together” “making society.” propose thought continuation notably autonomy. propose think autonomy standpoint notion “recalcitrance”

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52427933

10.1016/j.geb.2017.10.009.

Ce Working Paper fait l'objet d'une publication in Games and Economic Behavior (2017), 106: 239-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2017.10.009. <hal-01680728, v1>In a polarized committee, majority voting disenfranchises the minority. By allowing voters to spend freely a fixed budget of votes over multiple issues, Storable Votes restores some minority power. We study a model of Storable Votes that highlights the hide-and-seek nature of the strategic game. With communication, the game replicates a classic Colonel Blotto game with asymmetric forces. We call the game without communication a decentralized Blotto game. We characterize theoretical results for this case and test both versions of the game in the laboratory. We find that, despite subjects deviating from equilibrium strategies, the minority wins as frequently as theory predicts. Because subjects understand the logic of the game – minority voters must concentrate votes unpredictably – the exact choices are of secondary importance. The result is an endorsement of the robustness of the voting rule

Democracy for Polarized Committees: The Tale of Blotto's Lieutenants

democracy for polarized committees: the tale of blotto's lieutenants

fait objet publication games j.geb. polarized committee majority voting disenfranchises minority. allowing voters spend freely budget votes storable votes restores minority power. storable votes highlights hide seek strategic game. game replicates classic colonel blotto game asymmetric forces. call game decentralized blotto game. characterize versions game laboratory. deviating minority wins frequently predicts. logic game minority voters concentrate votes unpredictably choices importance. endorsement robustness voting

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52647124

10.1016/j.epsl.2013.05.044

International audienceDykes often grow next to other dykes, evidenced by the widespread occurrence of dyke swarms that comprise many closely-spaced dykes. In giant dyke swarms, dykes are observed to maintain a finite spacing from their neighbors that is tens to hundreds of times smaller than their length. To date, mechanical models have not been able to clarify whether there exists an optimum, or natural spacing between the dykes. And yet, the existence of a natural spacing is at the heart of why dykes grow in swarms in the first place. Here we present and examine a mechanical model for the horizontal propagation of multiple, closely-spaced blade-like dykes in order to find energetically optimal dyke spacings associated with both constant pressure and constant influx magma sources. We show that the constant pressure source leads to an optimal spacing that is equal to the height of the blade-like dykes. We also show that the constant influx source leads to two candidates for an optimal spacing, one which is expected to be around 0.3 times the dyke height and the other which is expected to be around 2.5 times the dyke height. Comparison with measurements from dyke swarms in Iceland and Canada lend initial support to our predictions, and we conclude that dyke swarms are indeed expected to have a natural spacing between first generation dykes and that this spacing scales with, and is on the order of, the height of the blade-like dykes that comprise the swarm

Analytical Predictions for a Natural Spacing within Dyke Swarms

analytical predictions for a natural spacing within dyke swarms

audiencedykes grow dykes evidenced widespread occurrence dyke swarms comprise closely spaced dykes. giant dyke swarms dykes maintain spacing neighbors tens hundreds length. clarify optimum spacing dykes. spacing dykes grow swarms place. examine propagation closely spaced blade dykes energetically dyke spacings influx magma sources. spacing blade dykes. influx candidates spacing dyke dyke height. dyke swarms iceland canada lend dyke swarms spacing dykes spacing blade dykes comprise swarm

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52648446

10.1016/j.matpur.2013.05.006

25 pagesInternational audienceWe study the dynamics of a one-dimensional non-linear and non-local drift-diffusion equation set in the half-line, with the coupling involving the trace value on the boundary. The initial mass M of the density determines the behaviour of the equation: attraction to self similar profile, to a steady state of finite time blow up for supercritical mass. Using the logarithmic Sobolev and the HWI inequalities we obtain a rate of convergence for the cases subcritical and critical mass. Moreover, we prove a comparison principle on the equation obtained after space integration. This concentration-comparison principle allows proving blow-up of solutions for large initial data without any monotonicity assumption on the initial data

Cell polarisation model : the 1D case

cell polarisation model : the 1d case

pagesinternational audiencewe drift involving trace boundary. determines attraction steady blow supercritical mass. logarithmic sobolev inequalities subcritical mass. integration. proving blow monotonicity

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52670740

10.1002/anie.201000122

International audienceOrganophosphorus compounds (OPs) represent one of the most important and lethal classes of chemical warfare agents (e.g. sarin, tabun, soman). Highly active volatile OPs are powerful inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, which is a critical enzyme of the nervous system. [1] The ease of manufacturing OPs based on inexpensive starting materials makes these agents a weapon of choice for terrorist attacks. [2] Thus, the rapid sensing of these nerve agents has recently become an increasingly important research goal. Various approaches have been reported for the detection of these chemical warfare agents including colorimetric and fluorimetric spec-troscopies, [3] enzymatic assays, [4] piezoelectric devices, [5] single-walled carbon nanotube resistors [6] and capacitors. [7] However, these systems are plagued by limitations such as slow response time, moderate selectivity, operational complexity , or limited portability. Field-effect transistors (FET) based on nanomaterials such as semiconducting nanowires, nanoribbons, or carbon nanotubes have been recently explored for chemical and biological detection. [8] Their high effectiveness is mainly ascribed to an extreme sensitivity to electrostatic changes at the surface of the semiconductor and/or modifications of the Schottky barrier at the semiconductor/metal interface. A charge generation in the vicinity of the semiconductor of a FET is known to alter the electrical properties of the device. [9

Nerve Agent Sensors Sub-ppm Detection of Nerve Agents Using Chemically Functionalized Silicon Nanoribbon Field-Effect Transistors**

nerve agent sensors sub-ppm detection of nerve agents using chemically functionalized silicon nanoribbon field-effect transistors**

audienceorganophosphorus lethal warfare e.g. sarin tabun soman volatile powerful inhibitors acetylcholinesterase enzyme nervous system. ease manufacturing inexpensive weapon terrorist attacks. sensing nerve increasingly goal. warfare colorimetric fluorimetric spec troscopies enzymatic assays piezoelectric devices walled nanotube resistors capacitors. plagued limitations slow moderate selectivity operational portability. transistors nanomaterials semiconducting nanowires nanoribbons nanotubes explored detection. effectiveness ascribed extreme electrostatic semiconductor modifications schottky barrier semiconductor interface. vicinity semiconductor alter electrical device.

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52674543

10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2015.11.003

International audienceShort range order in glassy 0.9(Ge0.1As0.15Te0.75)–0.1Cu (GATC1) and 0.9(Ge0.05As0.55Te0.4)–0.1Cu (GATC2) was studied by neutron- and X-ray diffraction as well as EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) measurements at the K-edges of all components. The reverse Monte Carlo simulation technique was used to create models consistent with all experimental datasets. It was found that Cu binds predominantly to Te in GATC1 while Cu–As and Cu–Cu bonding is also significant in GATC2. Ge and As atoms have 4 and 3 Ge/As/Te neighbors in both compositions. In GATC1 the formation of ‘extra’ Te–Te bonds can be observed, similarly to GeTe4–AgI glasse

On the structure of Ge–As–Te–Cu glasses

on the structure of ge–as–te–cu glasses

audienceshort glassy gatc gatc neutron diffraction exafs fine components. reverse monte carlo create datasets. binds predominantly gatc cu–as cu–cu bonding gatc neighbors compositions. gatc ‘extra’ te–te bonds gete –agi glasse

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52680285

10.1063/1.4880756

International audienceStarting from experimental findings and interface growth problems in Si/Ge superlattices, we have investigated through ab initio methods the concurrent and competitive behavior of strain and defects in the second-harmonic generation process. Interpreting the second-harmonic intensities as a function of the different nature and percentage of defects together with the strain induced at the interface between Si and Ge, we found a way to tune and enhance the second-harmonic generation response of these systems. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC

Defects and strain enhancements of second-harmonic generation in Si/Ge superlattices

defects and strain enhancements of second-harmonic generation in si/ge superlattices

audiencestarting superlattices initio concurrent competitive defects harmonic process. interpreting harmonic intensities defects tune enhance harmonic systems. publishing

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52686214

10.1007/s10832-012-9695-6

International audienceDielectric spectroscopy was applied to porous nanocrystalline Na0.5K0.5NbO3 (NKN) ceramic green body, wherein influences of percolation effect and water adsorption at pore surface of the ceramic green body on dielectric response were examined over wide temperature (150 to 450 K) and frequency (100 Hz to 1 MHz) ranges. Dielectric permittivity of the ceramic green body is about 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of pure NKN powder or NKN ceramic. Furthermore, the high dielectric permittivity and high humidity sensitivity of the ceramic green body can appear again with aging a period of time in air. The data from this investigation make potential applications for NKN as a giant dielectric material or a humidity sensing material

Dielectric characteristic of nanocrystalline Na0.5K0.5NbO3 ceramic green body

dielectric characteristic of nanocrystalline na0.5k0.5nbo3 ceramic green body

audiencedielectric spectroscopy porous nanocrystalline ceramic wherein influences percolation adsorption pore ceramic dielectric ranges. dielectric permittivity ceramic orders powder ceramic. dielectric permittivity humidity ceramic aging air. giant dielectric humidity sensing

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52691802

10.1016/j.energy.2010.03.017

International audienceThis study reports on one year (May 1, 2007 - April 30, 2008) of dew, fog and rain measurements carried out in the dryland area of Mirleft, Morocco in order to be used as alternative or supplemental sources of water. Four standard dew condensers and a passive fog net collector of 1 m² surfaces were used. Meteorological data were collected. 178 dew events (18.85 mm), 31 rain events (48.65 mm) and 7 significant fog episodes (1.41 mm) occurred, corresponding to almost 40% of the yearly rain contribution (48.65 mm, 31 events). Chemical and biological analyses were carried out. Dew and rain pH were neutral (close to 7) and the total mineralization was considerable (dew: 560 mg/L; rain: 230 mg/L). Ca²+, K+, SO42- and NO3- are found of continental origin; Cl-, Na+ and Mg2+ are of sea origin. The ions concentration agrees with the World Health Organization recommendations for potable water. The biological analysis shows harmless vegetal spores and little contamination by animal/human bacteria. A cost analysis shows that, with little investment, the population of the arid and semi-arid coastal areas of south-western north Africa could make dew water an interesting supplementary alternative water resource

Dew, fog, and rain as supplementary sources of water in south-western Morocco

dew, fog, and rain as supplementary sources of water in south-western morocco

audiencethis april rain dryland mirleft morocco supplemental water. condensers passive collector used. meteorological collected. rain episodes occurred yearly rain out. rain neutral mineralization considerable rain continental origin. agrees recommendations potable water. harmless vegetal spores contamination bacteria. investment arid arid coastal africa supplementary resource

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52695593

10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.07.003

International audienceRecent sedimentological and morphological evolution of an island in the River Loire (France) was investigated using the 137Cs method. This study describes the morphological adjustment of the island in the last 50 years, which corresponds to the increased bed incision of this sandy, multiple-channel environment because of, among other things, the increase in sediment extraction up to 1995. The results show that some 137Cs can be retained by sandy particles, potentially in clay minerals forming weathering features included in detrital sand grains. From a morphological perspective, significant lateral erosion can be observed in the upstream part of the island, while a weak lateral accretion occurs in its downstream section. Data about 137Cs and aerial photographs show that the morphology of the island margins has undergone significant changes leading to a lateral migration, while the centre of the island has remained relatively stable or is slowly eroding. The migration of the island depends on: (1) the withdrawal of inherited preincision morphological units, such as levees, or the development of new units, such as a channel shelf; (2) water and sediment supply from surrounding channels during flood events; (3) preferential sediment trapping (20 mm year− 1) from the presence of riparian vegetation on the bank of the secondary channel that is subject to narrowing. The sedimentological and morphological response of the island in the context of incision of the Loire river bed is expressed mainly by lateral migration and secondarily by a low vertical adjustment

Caesium-137 in sandy sediments of the River Loire (France): Assessment of an alluvial island evolving over the last 50 years

caesium-137 in sandy sediments of the river loire (france): assessment of an alluvial island evolving over the last 50 years

audiencerecent sedimentological morphological island river loire method. describes morphological adjustment island incision sandy things sediment extraction retained sandy potentially clay minerals forming weathering detrital sand grains. morphological perspective lateral erosion upstream island lateral accretion downstream section. aerial photographs morphology island margins undergone lateral migration island remained slowly eroding. migration island withdrawal inherited preincision morphological levees shelf sediment supply surrounding flood preferential sediment trapping year− riparian vegetation bank narrowing. sedimentological morphological island incision loire river lateral migration secondarily adjustment

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52710521

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.020

International audienceNitrogen pollution of freshwater and estuarine environments is one of the most urgent environmental crises. Shallow aquifers with predominantly local flow circulation are particularly vulnerable to agricultural contaminants. Water transit time and flow path are key controls on catchment nitrogen retention and removal capacity, but the relative importance of hydrogeological and topographical factors in determining these parameters is still uncertain. We used groundwater dating and numerical modeling techniques to assess transit time and flow path in an unconfined aquifer in Brittany, France. The 35.5 km2 study catchment has a crystalline basement underneath a ∼60 m thick weathered and fractured layer, and is separated into a distinct upland and lowland area by an 80 m-high butte. We used groundwater discharge and groundwater ages derived from chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentration to calibrate a free-surface flow model simulating groundwater flow circulation. We found that groundwater flow was highly local (mean travel distance = 350 m), substantially smaller than the typical distance between neighboring streams (∼1 km), while CFC-based ages were quite old (mean = 40 years). Sensitivity analysis revealed that groundwater travel distances were not sensitive to geological parameters (i.e. arrangement of geological layers and permeability profile) within the constraints of the CFC age data. However, circulation was sensitive to topography in the lowland area where the water table was near the land surface, and to recharge rate in the upland area where water input modulated the free surface of the aquifer. We quantified these differences with a local groundwater ratio (rGW-LOCAL), defined as the mean groundwater travel distance divided by the mean of the reference surface distances (the distance water would have to travel across the surface of the digital elevation model). Lowland, rGW-LOCAL was near 1, indicating primarily topographical controls. Upland, rGW-LOCAL was 1.6, meaning the groundwater recharge area is almost twice as large as the topographically-defined catchment for any given point. The ratio rGW-LOCAL is sensitive to recharge conditions as well as topography and it could be used to compare controls on groundwater circulation within or between catchments

Coupling 3D groundwater modeling with CFC-based age dating to classify local groundwater circulation in an unconfined crystalline aquifer

coupling 3d groundwater modeling with cfc-based age dating to classify local groundwater circulation in an unconfined crystalline aquifer

audiencenitrogen pollution freshwater estuarine environments urgent crises. shallow aquifers predominantly circulation vulnerable agricultural contaminants. transit catchment nitrogen retention removal hydrogeological topographical determining uncertain. groundwater dating transit unconfined aquifer brittany france. catchment crystalline basement underneath thick weathered fractured separated upland lowland butte. groundwater discharge groundwater ages chlorofluorocarbon calibrate simulating groundwater circulation. groundwater travel substantially neighboring streams ages groundwater travel distances geological i.e. arrangement geological permeability data. circulation topography lowland recharge upland modulated aquifer. quantified groundwater groundwater travel divided distances travel digital elevation lowland primarily topographical controls. upland meaning groundwater recharge twice topographically catchment point. recharge topography groundwater circulation catchments

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52717225

10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/114

Most pulsars observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope have γ-ray luminosities scaling with spin-down power ˙ E as L γ ≈ (˙ E × 10 33 erg s −1) 1/2. However, there exist one detection and several upper limits an order of magnitude or more fainter than this trend. We describe these " sub-luminous " γ-ray pulsars and discuss the case for this being an orientation effect. Of the 12 known young radio pulsars with ˙ E > 10 34 erg s −1 and d 2 kpc several are substantially sub-luminous. The limited available geometrical constraints favor aligned geometries for these pulsars, although no one case for alignment is compelling. In this scenario GeV emission detected from such sub-luminous pulsars can be due to a lower altitude, lower-power accelerator gap

SUB-LUMINOUS γ -RAY PULSARS

sub-luminous γ -ray pulsars

pulsars fermi telescope luminosities fainter trend. luminous pulsars effect. pulsars substantially luminous. geometrical favor aligned geometries pulsars alignment compelling. luminous pulsars altitude accelerator

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52718812

10.1016/j.tecto.2014.05.026

International audienceAn exceptional structural picture of the immerged Variscan basement, offshore the Leon metamorphic domain, is supplied by high-resolution LiDAR and echosounder data recorded in the Molène archipelago, western Brittany (France). Various types of fabrics are identified and, from in situ rock sample analyses further combined with field structural data, are interpreted on a lineament trajectory map as the trace of magmatic and tectonic structures. Our onshore/offshore study leads us to propose a two-phase kinematic model that emphasizes the role of a strike-slip duplex in an EW-trending relay zone linking the North Armorican and Pierres Noires ductile shear zones (NASZ, PNSZ). Dextral shearing occurred within a transtensional setting, synchronously with magmatic intrusions (St-Renan granite and an offshore gabbro-diorite complex) dated at 314-320 Ma by new U-Th/Pb ages. It post-dated an early regional foliation related to top-to-the-NE ductile transpressional shearing. Our study emphasizes the key role of strike-slip tectonics in the NW part of the Armorica Variscan belt

LiDAR offshore structural mapping and U/Pb zircon/monazite dating of Variscan strain in the Leon metamorphic domain, NW Brittany

lidar offshore structural mapping and u/pb zircon/monazite dating of variscan strain in the leon metamorphic domain, nw brittany

audiencean exceptional picture immerged variscan basement offshore leon metamorphic supplied lidar echosounder molène archipelago brittany fabrics situ rock interpreted lineament trajectory trace magmatic tectonic structures. onshore offshore propose kinematic emphasizes strike slip duplex trending relay linking armorican pierres noires ductile zones nasz pnsz dextral shearing occurred transtensional synchronously magmatic intrusions renan granite offshore gabbro diorite dated ages. dated foliation ductile transpressional shearing. emphasizes strike slip tectonics armorica variscan belt

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52723345

10.1016/j.triboint.2012.10.002

International audienceThis paper considers the degradation of alumina and zirconia toughened alumina vs. alumina for hip implants. The materials are as assumed to be load bearing surfaces subjected to shocks in wet conditions. The load is a peak of force; 9 kN was applied over 15 ms at 2 Hz for 800,000 cycles. The volumetric wear and roughness are lower for ZTA than for alumina. The long ZTA ageing did not seem to have a direct influence on the roughness. The ageing increased the wear volumes of ZTA and it was found to have a higher wear resistance compared to alumina

Degradation of alumina and zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) hip prostheses tested under microseparation conditions in a shock device

degradation of alumina and zirconia toughened alumina (zta) hip prostheses tested under microseparation conditions in a shock device

audiencethis considers degradation alumina zirconia toughened alumina alumina implants. bearing subjected shocks conditions. cycles. volumetric wear roughness alumina. ageing seem roughness. ageing wear volumes wear alumina

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52735102

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.014

International audienceUnderstanding the weathering processes of building stones and more generally of their transfer properties requires detailed knowledge of the porosity characteristics. This study aims at analyzing three-dimensional images obtained by X-ray microtomography of building stones. In order to validate these new results a weathered limestone previously characterised (Rozenbaum et al., 2007) by two-dimensional image analysis was selected. The 3-D images were analysed by a set of mathematical tools that enable the description of the pore and solid phase distribution. Results show that 3-D image analysis is a powerful technique to characterise the morphological, structural and topological differences due to weathering. The paper also discusses criteria for mathematically determining whether a stone is weathered or not

3-D characterization of weathered building limestones by high resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography

3-d characterization of weathered building limestones by high resolution synchrotron x-ray microtomography

audienceunderstanding weathering stones porosity characteristics. aims analyzing microtomography stones. validate weathered limestone characterised rozenbaum selected. analysed mathematical enable pore distribution. powerful characterise morphological topological weathering. discusses mathematically determining stone weathered

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52739968

10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.02.011

International audienceA high-resolution sedimentary charcoal record from Lago dell'Accesa in southern Tuscany reveals numerous changes in fire regime over the last 11.6 kyr cal. BP and provides one of the longest gap-free series from Italy and the Mediterranean region. Charcoal analyses are coupled with gamma density measurements, organic-content analyses, and pollen counts to provide data about sedimentation and vegetation history. A comparison between fire frequency and lake-level reconstructions from the same site is used to address the centennial variability of fire regimes and its linkage to hydrological processes. Our data reveal strong relationships among climate, fire, vegetation, and land-use and attest to the paramount importance of fire in Mediterranean ecosystems. The mean fire interval (MFI) for the entire Holocene was estimated to be 150 yr, with a minimum around 80 yr and a maximum around 450 yr. Between 11.6 and 3.6 kyr cal. BP, up to eight high-frequency fire phases lasting 300–500 yr generally occurred during shifts towards low lake-level stands (ca 11,300, 10,700, 9500, 8700, 7600, 6200, 5300, 3400, 1800 and 1350 cal. yr BP). Therefore, we assume that most of these shifts were triggered by drier climatic conditions and especially a dry summer season that promoted ignition and biomass burning. At the beginning of the Holocene, high climate seasonality favoured fire expansion in this region, as in many other ecosystems of the northern and southern hemispheres. Human impact affected fire regimes and especially fire frequencies since the Neolithic (ca 8000–4000 cal. yr BP). Burning as a consequence of anthropogenic activities became more frequent after the onset of the Bronze Age (ca 3800–3600 cal. yr BP) and appear to be synchronous with the development of settlements in the region, slash-and-burn agriculture, animal husbandry, and mineral exploitation. The anthropogenic phases with maximum fire activity corresponded to greater sensitivity of the vegetation and triggered significant changes in vegetational communities (e.g. temporal declines of Quercus ilex forests and expansion of shrublands and macchia). The link between fire and climate persisted during the mid- and late Holocene, when human impact on vegetation and the fire regime was high. This finding suggests that climatic conditions were important for fire occurrence even under strongly humanised ecosystem conditions

Climate versus human-driven fire regimes in Mediterranean landscapes: the Holocene record of Lago dell'Accesa (Tuscany, Italy)

climate versus human-driven fire regimes in mediterranean landscapes: the holocene record of lago dell'accesa (tuscany, italy)

audiencea sedimentary charcoal record lago dell accesa southern tuscany reveals numerous fire cal. longest mediterranean region. charcoal gamma pollen counts sedimentation vegetation history. fire lake reconstructions centennial fire regimes linkage hydrological processes. reveal fire vegetation attest paramount fire mediterranean ecosystems. fire holocene cal. eight fire lasting occurred shifts lake stands cal. shifts triggered drier climatic summer season promoted ignition biomass burning. beginning holocene seasonality favoured fire ecosystems northern southern hemispheres. fire regimes fire neolithic cal. burning anthropogenic became frequent onset bronze cal. synchronous settlements slash burn agriculture husbandry mineral exploitation. anthropogenic fire corresponded vegetation triggered vegetational communities e.g. declines quercus ilex forests shrublands macchia fire persisted holocene vegetation fire high. climatic fire occurrence humanised ecosystem

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52740056

10.1007/s12665-009-0107-4

International audienceThis paper analyses groundwater resources use and management in the socio-economic context of the Amu Darya River Basin which covers part of the following landlocked Central Asian countries: Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. These agrarian nations for sustaining their vital agricultural productions started to use groundwater during the recent drought years (1998-2001) because of its relatively good quality and quantity and as an alternative to highly mineralized surface waters. Present extent of groundwater resources use is discussed with consideration to their reserves, quality, and institutional management and transboundary aspects within the basin. After the collapse of the centralized water resources management system and infrastructure of the former Soviet Union, new underdeveloped systems are being practiced over the whole Amu Darya River Basin. The critical situation of groundwater management in Afghanistan is also discussed. The document attempts to document the management and use of groundwater in the Amu Darya Basin and present time management realities, with fragmented and weak national and regional regulation on groundwater. Special attention is given to groundwater resources in irrigated agriculture, which increased use in all countries of the basin is due to quick access to underground resources and relatively good quality and quantity

Groundwater Resources Use and Management in the Amu Darya River Basin (Central Asia)

groundwater resources use and management in the amu darya river basin (central asia)

audiencethis groundwater socio darya river basin covers landlocked asian afghanistan tajikistan turkmenistan uzbekistan. agrarian nations sustaining vital agricultural productions started groundwater drought quantity mineralized waters. groundwater consideration reserves institutional transboundary basin. collapse centralized infrastructure former soviet union underdeveloped practiced darya river basin. groundwater afghanistan discussed. document attempts document groundwater darya basin realities fragmented groundwater. groundwater irrigated agriculture basin quick underground quantity

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52749230

10.1103/PhysRevE.78.045601

International audienceIt was recently demonstrated that one can reconstruct the impulse response between passive sensors, by cross-correlating diffuse waves or ambient noise. Using seismic waves recorded on the moon, we show here that not only direct waves can be retrieved but also late arrivals that have been scattered before reaching the seismometers. As these late arrivals propagate for longer time, they are more sensitive to weak perturbations of the medium such as velocity changes. This high sensitivity of scattered waves is used to monitor periodic velocity changes in the lunar soil by measuring small delays of the passively retrieved coda waves. The velocity changes result from temperature variations due to periodic heating of the lunar surface by the sun

Temporal changes in the lunar soil from correlation of diffuse vibrations

temporal changes in the lunar soil from correlation of diffuse vibrations

audienceit reconstruct impulse passive sensors correlating diffuse ambient noise. seismic moon retrieved arrivals scattered reaching seismometers. arrivals propagate perturbations changes. scattered monitor lunar measuring delays passively retrieved coda waves. heating lunar

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52759902

10.1016/j.gca.2007.12.004

International audienceMost of the organic nitrogen (Norg) on Earth is disseminated in crustal sediments and rocks in the form of fossil nitrogen-containing organic matter. The chemical speciation of fossil Norg within the overall molecular structure of organic matter changes with time and heating during burial. Progressive thermal evolution of organic matter involves phases of enhanced elimination of Norg and ultimately produces graphite containing only traces of nitrogen. Long-term chemical and thermal instability makes the chemical speciation of Norg a valuable tracer to constrain the history of sub-surface metamorphism and to shed light on the subsurface biogeochemical nitrogen cycle and its participating organic and inorganic nitrogen pools. This study documents the evolutionary path of Norg speciation, transformation and elimination before and during metamorphism and advocates the use of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to monitor changes in Norg speciation as a diagnostic tool for organic metamorphism. Our multidisciplinary evidence from XPS, stable isotopes, traditional quantitative coal analyses, and other analytical approaches shows that at the metamorphic onset Norg is dominantly present as pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen. The relative abundance of nitrogen substituting for carbon in condensed, partially aromatic systems (where N is covalently bonded to three C atoms) increases exponentially with increasing metamorphic grade, at the expense of pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen. At the same time, much Norg is eliminated without significant nitrogen isotope fractionation. The apparent absence of Rayleigh-type nitrogen isotopic fractionation suggests that direct thermal loss of nitrogen from an organic matrix does not serve as a major pathway for Norg elimination. Instead, we propose that hot H, O-containing fluids or some of their components gradually penetrate into the carbonaceous matrix and eliminate Norg along a progressing reaction front, without causing nitrogen isotope fractionation in the residual Norg in the unreacted core of the carbonaceous matrix. Before the reaction front can reach the core, an increasing part of core Norg chemically stabilizes in the form of nitrogen atoms substituting for carbon in condensed, partially aromatic systems forming graphite-like structural domains with delocalized pi-electron systems (nitrogen atoms substituting for "graphitic" carbon in natural metamorphic organic matter). Thus, this nitrogen species with a conservative isotopic composition is the dominant form of residual nitrogen at higher metamorphic grade

Organic nitrogen chemistry during low-grade metamorphism

organic nitrogen chemistry during low-grade metamorphism

audiencemost nitrogen norg earth disseminated crustal sediments rocks fossil nitrogen matter. speciation fossil norg heating burial. progressive involves elimination norg ultimately produces graphite traces nitrogen. instability speciation norg valuable tracer constrain metamorphism shed subsurface biogeochemical nitrogen participating inorganic nitrogen pools. documents evolutionary norg speciation elimination metamorphism advocates photoelectron spectroscopy monitor norg speciation diagnostic metamorphism. multidisciplinary isotopes traditional coal metamorphic onset norg dominantly pyrrolic pyridinic nitrogen. abundance nitrogen substituting condensed partially aromatic covalently bonded exponentially metamorphic grade expense pyridinic pyrrolic nitrogen. norg eliminated nitrogen isotope fractionation. apparent rayleigh nitrogen isotopic fractionation nitrogen serve norg elimination. propose fluids gradually penetrate carbonaceous eliminate norg progressing front causing nitrogen isotope fractionation residual norg unreacted carbonaceous matrix. front norg chemically stabilizes nitrogen substituting condensed partially aromatic forming graphite delocalized nitrogen substituting graphitic metamorphic nitrogen conservative isotopic residual nitrogen metamorphic grade

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52772860

10.1016/j.jas.2014.01.006

International audienceGenerally speaking, charcoal analysis is based on identifying and counting charcoal fragments in order to calculate the relative variations in taxa frequency. All post-depositional processes are likely to induce fragmentation of the anthracological material, raising the question of the representativeness of taxa. Based on an innovative experimental approach combining both charcoal analysis and biomechanics, this paper explores how the mechanical properties of charcoal can influence the fragmentation and the quantification of species in anthracological assemblages. We carried out standardized laboratory compression tests on 302 samples issued from 10 taxa, charred at three different temperatures, in order to characterize the mechanical properties of common species in temperate and Mediterranean Europe. Our results highlight the differential responses of the tested species in terms of resistance to compression and fragmentation, two processes which do not appear to be correlated. Charcoal is very resistant to pressure (up to 22.5 MPa). Our results show that significant fragmentation differences exist between taxa. The total number of fragments after compression is largely dependent on the species, regardless of the charring temperature. However, this interspecific variability is more significant for small fragments [1-2 mm], than for larger fragments [2-4 mm] and >4 mm, with the exception of Quercus, which displays differential reactions to compression. Finally, a multifactorial analysis brings to light the impact of the physical and anatomical characteristics of the different species on charcoal fragmentation

Impact of post-depositional processes on charcoal fragmentation and archaeobotanical implications: Experimental approach combining charcoal analysis and biomechanics

impact of post-depositional processes on charcoal fragmentation and archaeobotanical implications: experimental approach combining charcoal analysis and biomechanics

audiencegenerally speaking charcoal identifying counting charcoal fragments taxa frequency. depositional induce fragmentation anthracological raising representativeness taxa. innovative combining charcoal biomechanics explores charcoal fragmentation quantification anthracological assemblages. standardized compression issued taxa charred characterize temperate mediterranean europe. highlight compression fragmentation correlated. charcoal resistant fragmentation taxa. fragments compression largely regardless charring temperature. interspecific fragments fragments exception quercus displays compression. multifactorial brings anatomical charcoal fragmentation

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52775250

10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.05.006

International audienceSir,Capnocytophaga spp. have a role in the pathogenesis of various forms of periodontal disease and systemic infections, particularly severe in neutropenic cancer patients. The prevalence of β-lactam-resistant oral bacteria is increasing in clinical isolates [1]. All of the reported β-lactam-resistant Capnocytophaga isolates are β-lactamase-producers, but minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the different β-lactams are variable [2]. The objective of the current study was therefore to explain the variability in β-lactam MIC profiles in 31 cfxA gene-positive oral Capnocytophaga spp. clinical isolates with various antibiotypes..

Genetic determinants associated with cfxA-positive clinical Capnocytophaga isolates

genetic determinants associated with cfxa-positive clinical capnocytophaga isolates

audiencesir capnocytophaga spp. pathogenesis periodontal systemic infections neutropenic patients. prevalence lactam resistant oral bacteria isolates lactam resistant capnocytophaga isolates lactamase producers inhibitory mics lactams lactam cfxa oral capnocytophaga spp. isolates antibiotypes..

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52811280

10.1007/s00182-014-0451-9

International audienceIn cooperative games, the core is one of the most popular solution concept since it ensures coalitional rationality. For non-balanced games however, the core is empty, and other solution concepts have to be found. We propose the use of general solutions, that is, to distribute the total worth of the game among groups rather than among individuals. In particular, the k-additive core proposed by Grabisch and Miranda is a general solution preserving coalitional rationality which distributes among coalitions of size at most k, and is never empty for k ≥ 2. The extended core of Bejan and Gomez can also be viewed as a general solution, since it implies to give an amount to the grand coalition. The k-additive core being an unbounded set and therefore difficult to use in practice, we propose a subset of it called the minimal negotiation set. The idea is to select elements of the k-additive core mimimizing the total amount given to coalitions of size greater than 1. Thus the minimum negotiation set naturally reduces to the core for balanced games. We study this set, giving properties and axiomatizations, as well as its relation to the extended core of Bejan and Gomez. We give a method of computing the minimum bargaining set, and lastly indicate how to eventually get classical solutions from general ones

Preserving coalitional rationality for non-balanced games

preserving coalitional rationality for non-balanced games

audiencein cooperative games popular ensures coalitional rationality. balanced games empty concepts found. propose distribute worth game individuals. additive grabisch miranda preserving coalitional rationality distributes coalitions never empty bejan gomez viewed grand coalition. additive unbounded propose negotiation set. select additive mimimizing coalitions negotiation naturally reduces balanced games. giving axiomatizations bejan gomez. bargaining lastly eventually

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52841951

10.1016/j.seares.2014.02.003

International audienceIntertidal mudflats are ecosystems submitted to natural hydrodynamical forcings during each tide. When the off-shore water flows at high tide, a proportion of the biofilm produced at low tide can be resuspended in the water column and interact with the pelagic food web. As a consequence, the resuspension creates a link between the benthos and the pelagos, modifying their properties and the stability of the meta-ecosystem they form together. The aim of this study is to describe the consequences of the microbial biofilm resuspension on the pelagic food web, and to investigate the question of the stability of the benthos–pelagos coupling resulting from the biofilm resuspension. Two food webs were considered, corresponding to different hydrodynamical conditions in sum-mer condition: one allowing the biofilm massive resuspension, and one without resuspension, but with particle sedimentation. The Monte-Carlo Markov Chain Linear Modelling was used to estimate the unknown flows of the food web. The comparison of the Ecological Network Analysis indices for the two food webs allowed defining their respective differences of structure and functioning. The results showed that the massive resuspension of the microbial biofilm stimulates pelagic primary production and microbial food web via a higher bacterivory. The higher activity of the whole system coupled with both a drop in the specialisation of the trophic pathways and a low cycling activity demonstrated that when massive resuspension occurs, the system is disturbed. In con-trast, when sedimentation occurs, the food webs show functioning features pointing out to a higher stability of the whole system

How does the resuspension of the biofilm alter the functioning of the benthos–pelagos coupled food web of a bare mudflat in Marennes-Oléron Bay (NE Atlantic)?

how does the resuspension of the biofilm alter the functioning of the benthos–pelagos coupled food web of a bare mudflat in marennes-oléron bay (ne atlantic)?

audienceintertidal mudflats ecosystems submitted hydrodynamical forcings tide. shore flows tide proportion biofilm tide resuspended interact pelagic web. resuspension creates benthos pelagos modifying meta ecosystem together. consequences microbial biofilm resuspension pelagic benthos–pelagos biofilm resuspension. webs hydrodynamical allowing biofilm massive resuspension resuspension sedimentation. monte carlo markov unknown flows web. ecological indices webs defining respective functioning. massive resuspension microbial biofilm stimulates pelagic microbial bacterivory. drop specialisation trophic pathways cycling massive resuspension disturbed. trast sedimentation webs functioning pointing

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52896233

10.1103/PhysRevE.93.013113

International audienceThe acceleration statistics of sheared and rotating homogeneous turbulence are studied using direct numerical simulation results. The statistical properties of Lagrangian and Eulerian accelerations are considered together with the influence of the rotation to shear ratio, as well as the scale dependence of their statistics. The probability density functions (pdfs) of both Lagrangian and Eulerian accelerations show a strong and similar dependence on the rotation to shear ratio. The variance and flatness of both accelerations are analyzed and the extreme values of the Eulerian acceleration are observed to be above those of the Lagrangian acceleration. For strong rotation it is observed that flatness yields values close to three, corresponding to Gaussian-like behavior, and for moderate and vanishing rotation the flatness increases. Furthermore, the Lagrangian and Eulerian accelerations are shown to be strongly correlated for strong rotation due to a reduced nonlinear term in this case. A wavelet-based scale-dependent analysis shows that the flatness of both Eulerian and Lagrangian accelerations increases as scale decreases, which provides evidence for intermittent behavior. For strong rotation the Eulerian acceleration is even more intermittent than the Lagrangian acceleration, while the opposite result is obtained for moderate rotation. Moreover, the dynamics of a passive scalar with gradient production in the direction of the mean velocity gradient is analyzed and the influence of the rotation to shear ratio is studied. Concerning the concentration of a passive scalar spread by the flow, the pdf of its Eulerian time rate of change presents higher extreme values than those of its Lagrangian time rate of change. This suggests that the Eulerian time rate of change of scalar concentration is mainly due to advection, while its Lagrangian counterpart is only due to gradient production and viscous dissipation

Structure of sheared and rotating turbulence: Multiscale statistics of Lagrangian and Eulerian accelerations and passive scalar dynamics

structure of sheared and rotating turbulence: multiscale statistics of lagrangian and eulerian accelerations and passive scalar dynamics

audiencethe acceleration sheared rotating homogeneous turbulence results. lagrangian eulerian accelerations statistics. pdfs lagrangian eulerian accelerations ratio. flatness accelerations extreme eulerian acceleration lagrangian acceleration. flatness moderate vanishing flatness increases. lagrangian eulerian accelerations case. wavelet flatness eulerian lagrangian accelerations intermittent behavior. eulerian acceleration intermittent lagrangian acceleration opposite moderate rotation. passive studied. concerning passive spread eulerian presents extreme lagrangian change. eulerian advection lagrangian counterpart viscous dissipation

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52902684

10.1007/s00158-013-0929-2

An approach for structural optimization is proposed, which combines the versatility of the level set method for handling large deformations and topology changes with the accurate description of the geometry provided by an exact mesh of the shape. The key ingredients of this method are efficient algorithms for (i) moving a level set function on an unstructured mesh, (ii) remeshing the surface corresponding to the zero level set and (iii) simultaneously adaptating the volumic mesh which fits to this surfacic mesh

A mesh evolution algorithm based on the level set method for geometry and topology optimization

a mesh evolution algorithm based on the level set method for geometry and topology optimization

combines versatility handling deformations topology mesh shape. ingredients moving unstructured mesh remeshing simultaneously adaptating volumic mesh fits surfacic mesh

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52903878

10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.07.025

International audienceTwo well-dated ca Holocene-long sedimentary sequences from deepest parts of Lake Bourget provide new insights onto the evolution of erosion patterns at a regional scale in NW European Alps. The combination of high resolution geochemistry e XRF core scanning, calibrated by 150 punctual measurements e and isotope geochemistry ( 3Nd) of the terrigenous fraction permitted the reconstruction not only of the intensity, but also the type (physical erosion vs. chemical weathering) and the location (Prealpine massifs vs. High Crystalline massifs) of dominant erosion processes. Those data point the persistency of weak erosion fluxes from 9600 to 5500 cal. BP due both to a dry climate and the growing sheltering effect of soils that rapidly progressed between 9600 and 8000 cal. BP. Soils then reached a steady state before being destabilised around 4400 cal. BP, probably in response to human impact. The human impact then reached a sufficient intensity to change erosion patterns at a regional scale, but did not result in a significant increase of the regional terrigenous flux. The following enhancement of erosion processes occurred around 2700 cal. BP. It was first paced by changing climatic conditions, but probably reinforced by human impact during Late Iron Age e Antiquity period. Over the long-term trend, the Lake Bourget record pinpoints an evolution of paleohydrological conditions in the Alps dominated by dry conditions from 9500 to 4400 cal. BP and a subsequent drift toward wetter conditions that culminated during the so-called Little Ice Age (ca 1350e1900 AD). In such a context the current dry conditions in European Alps appear out-of-trend. At high resolution, 17 periods of enhanced hydrological activity highlight the rapid climatic changes that are typical of the Holocene

Lake Bourget regional erosion patterns reconstruction reveals Holocene NW European Alps soil evolution and paleohydrology

lake bourget regional erosion patterns reconstruction reveals holocene nw european alps soil evolution and paleohydrology

audiencetwo dated holocene sedimentary deepest lake bourget insights erosion alps. geochemistry scanning calibrated punctual isotope geochemistry terrigenous permitted reconstruction erosion weathering prealpine massifs crystalline massifs erosion processes. persistency erosion fluxes cal. growing sheltering soils rapidly progressed cal. soils reached steady destabilised cal. probably impact. reached erosion terrigenous flux. enhancement erosion occurred cal. paced changing climatic probably reinforced iron antiquity period. lake bourget record pinpoints paleohydrological alps dominated cal. drift toward wetter culminated alps trend. hydrological highlight climatic holocene

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52993686

10.1016/j.sna.2015.08.001

International audienceThis paper presents strain sensor arrays on flexible substrates able to measure local deformation induced by radii of curvature of few millimeters. Sensors use n-type doped microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) as piezoresistive material, directly deposited on polyimide sheets at 165 °C. Sensitivity of individual sensors was investigated under tensile and compressive bending at various radii of curvature, down to 5 mm. A Transmission Line Method was used to extract the resistivity for each radius. The devices exhibited longitudinal gauge factors of −31 and longitudinal piezoresistive coefficients of −4.10−10 Pa−1. Reliability was demonstrated with almost unchanged resistances after cycles of bending (standard deviation of 1.7%). Strain gauge arrays, composed of 800 resistors on a 2 cm2 area, were fabricated with a spatial resolution of 500 × 500 μm2. Strain mapping showed the possibility to detect local deformation on a single resistor or to detect larger objects. These strain sensor arrays can find applications when high sensitivity and high spatial resolution is required. This paper also showed that μc-Si can be a relevant semi-conductor candidate for flexible electronic

Microcrystalline silicon: Strain gauge and sensor arrays on flexible substrate for the measurement of high deformations

microcrystalline silicon: strain gauge and sensor arrays on flexible substrate for the measurement of high deformations

audiencethis presents sensor arrays flexible substrates deformation radii curvature millimeters. sensors doped microcrystalline silicon piezoresistive deposited polyimide sheets sensors tensile compressive bending radii curvature extract resistivity radius. devices exhibited longitudinal longitudinal piezoresistive reliability unchanged resistances cycles bending arrays composed resistors fabricated detect deformation resistor detect objects. sensor arrays required. conductor candidate flexible

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52998209

10.1007/978-3-319-13695-0_40

International audienceThe castle of Coatfrec is a medieval castle in Brittany constituting merely a few remaining ruins currently in the process of restoration. Beyond its great archeological interest, it has become, over the course of the last few years, the subject of experimentation in digital archeology. Methods of 3D scanning were implored in order to gauge comparisons between the remaining structures and their absent hypothetical ones, resulting in the first quantitative results of its kind. This paper seeks to introduce the methods which carried out said research, as well as to present the subsequent results obtained using these new digital tools

Combination of 3D Scanning, Modeling and Analyzing Methods around the Castle of Coatfrec Reconstitution

combination of 3d scanning, modeling and analyzing methods around the castle of coatfrec reconstitution

audiencethe castle coatfrec medieval castle brittany constituting merely ruins restoration. great archeological experimentation digital archeology. scanning implored comparisons absent hypothetical kind. seeks said digital

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54027087

10.1090/S0002-9947-09-05048-X

International audienceThe classical Lojasiewicz inequality and its extensions for partial differential equation problems (Simon) and to o-minimal structures (Kurdyka) have a considerable impact on the analysis of gradient-like methods and related problems: minimization methods, complexity theory, asymptotic analysis of dissipative partial differential equations, tame geometry. This paper provides alternative characterizations of this type of inequalities for nonsmooth lower semicontinuous functions defined on a metric or a real Hilbert space. In a metric context, we show that a generalized form of the Lojasiewicz inequality (hereby called the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz inequality) relates to metric regularity and to the Lipschitz continuity of the sublevel mapping, yielding applications to discrete methods (strong convergence of the proximal algorithm). In a Hilbert setting we further establish that asymptotic properties of the semiflow generated by $-\partial f$ are strongly linked to this inequality. This is done by introducing the notion of a piecewise subgradient curve: such curves have uniformly bounded lengths if and only if the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz inequality is satisfied. Further characterizations in terms of talweg lines -a concept linked to the location of the less steepest points at the level sets of $f$- and integrability conditions are given. In the convex case these results are significantly reinforced, allowing in particular to establish the asymptotic equivalence of discrete gradient methods and continuous gradient curves. On the other hand, a counterexample of a convex C^2 function in in the plane is constructed to illustrate the fact that, contrary to our intuition, and unless a specific growth condition is satisfied, convex functions may fail to fulfill the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz inequality

Characterizations of Lojasiewicz inequalities: Subgradient flows, talweg, convexity

characterizations of lojasiewicz inequalities: subgradient flows, talweg, convexity

audiencethe lojasiewicz inequality extensions simon kurdyka considerable minimization asymptotic dissipative tame geometry. characterizations inequalities nonsmooth semicontinuous hilbert space. lojasiewicz inequality hereby kurdyka lojasiewicz inequality relates regularity lipschitz continuity sublevel yielding proximal hilbert establish asymptotic semiflow inequality. introducing notion piecewise subgradient uniformly lengths kurdyka lojasiewicz inequality satisfied. characterizations talweg steepest integrability given. convex reinforced allowing establish asymptotic equivalence curves. counterexample convex illustrate contrary intuition unless satisfied convex fail fulfill kurdyka lojasiewicz inequality

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59036673

10.1002/pssc.200778630

We have found that the material quality of MOVPE InN can be markedly improved after the annealing in the air at around 300 °C. By the annealing in the air, carrier concentration is reduced by about one order of magnitude. In accordance with the carrier reduction, PL intensity is increased and PL peak energy is shifted to the lower energy side by about 0.06 eV for the film annealed for 3 h. The reduction of carrier concentration is also conformed by the shift of LO phonon-plasmon coupled mode in the Raman spectrum. The FWHM of the E_2 (high) mode is decreased, indicating that the crystalline quality is slightly improved by the annealing. Since the FWHM of X-ray rocking curve is not changed after the annealing, the improvement by the annealing is concluded not to be in macroscopic scale but microscopic scale. No improvements are found for the samples annealed in the N_2 flow. No data that show the chemical oxidation of InN are also found

Marked improvements in electrical and optical properties for MOVPE InN annealed at a low temperature (300 °C) in O2 atmosphere

marked improvements in electrical and optical properties for movpe inn annealed at a low temperature (300 °c) in o2 atmosphere

movpe markedly annealing annealing carrier magnitude. accordance carrier shifted film annealed carrier conformed phonon plasmon raman spectrum. fwhm crystalline annealing. fwhm rocking changed annealing annealing concluded macroscopic microscopic scale. improvements annealed flow. oxidation

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78473735

10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01030

In this work the torrefaction of three biomass materials: black locust wood, wheat and rape straw was studied at various temperatures: 200, 225, 250, 275 and 300 °C. The thermal stability and the formation of the decomposition products of the untreated and treated samples were measured by TG/MS method. The degree of hemicellulose and cellulose decomposition during torrefaction at different temperatures were characterized by compositional analysis of the torrefied and untreated samples. The cellulose, hemicellulose and Klason-lignin contents of the raw and torrefied biomass samples were determined by acidic hydrolysis and subsequent HPLC analysis. The inorganic ion contents of the untreated samples were measured by ICP-OES method. The joint evaluation of the results obtained by various analytical methods revealed that the acidic side groups of hemicellulose were partially split off, while the main mass of hemicellulose did not degrade at 225 °C torrefaction temperature. About 40% of hemicellulose degrades at 250 °C torrefaction temperature and the remainder decomposes at higher temperature. Although hemicellulose has different chemical structure in the hardwood and the straws, no significant differences were observed in the thermal stability of hemicelluloses in the three studied samples. Taking into consideration the significantly higher alkali ion content of the straw samples it was concluded that the alkali ion content of the samples did not modify the thermal stability of hemicellulose. Statistical analysis (PCA) have been used to present correlations between the torrefaction temperature, chemical composition and thermal parameters of the samples. The PCA calculations revealed substantial changes in the chemical composition and thermal properties of biomass materials as a result of torrefaction at 275-300°C temperatures

Comprehensive compositional study of torrefied wood and herbaceous materials by chemical analysis and thermoanalytical methods

comprehensive compositional study of torrefied wood and herbaceous materials by chemical analysis and thermoanalytical methods

torrefaction biomass locust wood wheat rape straw decomposition untreated method. hemicellulose cellulose decomposition torrefaction compositional torrefied untreated samples. cellulose hemicellulose klason lignin contents torrefied biomass acidic hydrolysis hplc analysis. inorganic contents untreated method. acidic hemicellulose partially split hemicellulose degrade torrefaction temperature. hemicellulose degrades torrefaction remainder decomposes temperature. hemicellulose hardwood straws hemicelluloses samples. consideration alkali straw concluded alkali modify hemicellulose. torrefaction samples. substantial biomass torrefaction

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83049126

10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.360

A dual-pixel APS sensor architecture is proposed in this paper, for vision based speed measurement applications, based on a novel double exposure method. The sensor integrates two type of imaging elements on pixel level, and is designed to generate two spatially and temporally coherent images. The primary sensor generates a good quality image for vehicle identification, while the output of the secondary sensor is used to calculate speed estimates, based on the intra-frame displacement of the vehicle's headlight. A scaling process has also been developed for the sensitivity of the secondary sensor, based on photodiode parasitic capacitor discharge time

Pixel-level APS Sensor Integration and Sensitivity Scaling for Vision Based Speed Measurement

pixel-level aps sensor integration and sensitivity scaling for vision based speed measurement

pixel sensor architecture vision method. sensor integrates pixel spatially temporally coherent images. sensor generates vehicle sensor intra displacement vehicle headlight. sensor photodiode parasitic capacitor discharge

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