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48179772

10.1007/s00222-018-0788-y

International audienceThe fundamental inequality of Guivarc'h relates the entropy and the drift of random walks on groups. It is strict if and only if the random walk does not behave like the uniform measure on balls. We prove that, in any nonelementary hyperbolic group which is not virtually free, endowed with a word distance, the fundamental inequality is strict for symmetric measures with finite support, uniformly for measures with a given support. This answers a conjecture of S. Lalley. For admissible measures, this is proved using previous results of Ancona and Blachère-Haïssinsky-Mathieu. For non-admissible measures, this follows from a counting result, interesting in its own right: we show that, in any infinite index subgroup, the number of non-distorted points is exponentially small. The uniformity is obtained by studying the behavior of measures that degenerate towards a measure supported on an elementary subgroup

Entropy and drift in word hyperbolic groups

entropy and drift in word hyperbolic groups

audiencethe inequality guivarc relates drift walks groups. strict walk behave balls. nonelementary hyperbolic virtually endowed word inequality strict uniformly support. answers conjecture lalley. admissible proved ancona blachère haïssinsky mathieu. admissible counting infinite subgroup distorted exponentially small. uniformity studying degenerate elementary subgroup

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48188051

10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.027

International audienceThe Archean granitoids in the Kiéné area, Gabon, are overlained by the Paleoproterozoic sediments of the Franceville basin (2.1 Ga). The basin is known for its high-grade uranium deposits among which some have been forming natural nuclear fission reactors. Most of the studies were dedicated to the FA-FB Paleoproterozoic sediments hosting these uranium deposits. Little is known on the Archean basement itself and specifically on the hydrous alteration events it experienced before and after the sediment deposition. The present work is focused on their petrographical, mineralogical and geochemical characterization. Dating the successive alteration events has been attempted on altered monazite crystals. Rocks in different alteration states have been sampled from eight drill cores crosscutting the Archean - Paleoproterozoic unconformity. The Archean granitoids observed in the deepest levels exhibit typical petrographical features of a propylitic alteration while they are intensely illitized up to the unconformity. The propylitic alteration is mainly pervasive but the original texture of the granitoïds is conserved in spite of the formation of new minerals: Mg-chlorite, allanite and epidote forming a typical paragenesis. The illitic alteration is much more invasive near the unconformity. The illitization process leads to the replacement of feldspars and the corrosion of quartz crysals by an illitic matrix while the ferromagnesian minerals are pseudomorphosed by a Fe-chlorite + phengite + hematite assemblage. The final fluid-rock interaction step is marked by fissural deposits of calcite and anhydrite. The δ13C isotopic data show that the fissural carbonates precipitated from diagenetic fluids enriched carbon products deriving from the maturation of organic matter. The U-Pb isotopic analyzes performed on monazite crystals have dated three distinct events: 3.0-2.9 Ga (magmatic), 2.6 Ga (propylitic alteration) and 1.9 Ga (diagenetic illitization). The calculation of geochemical mass balances suggests that the water-rock ratio during the propylitic alteration event was weak. On the contrary, it was much higher during the overprinted illitization which is characterized by an intense leaching of Na, Ca, Mg, Sr, REE and an enrichment in K, Rb,Cs. Neither the petrographic features nor the geochemical data militate for an Archean weathering event (paleosol). In the present case, diagenetic fluids have percolated from the unconformity into the basement where they overprinted the illitization processes upon the previously propylitized rocks. These fluids were probably oxidant as they are also responsible of the U mobilization which led to the formation of the ore deposits close to the FA-FB interface

2.9 to 1.9 Ga paleoalterations ofArchean granitic basement of the Franceville basin (Gabon)

2.9 to 1.9 ga paleoalterations ofarchean granitic basement of the franceville basin (gabon)

audiencethe archean granitoids kiéné gabon overlained paleoproterozoic sediments franceville basin basin grade uranium deposits forming fission reactors. dedicated paleoproterozoic sediments hosting uranium deposits. archean basement hydrous alteration experienced sediment deposition. focused petrographical mineralogical geochemical characterization. dating successive alteration attempted altered monazite crystals. rocks alteration sampled eight drill cores crosscutting archean paleoproterozoic unconformity. archean granitoids deepest exhibit petrographical propylitic alteration intensely illitized unconformity. propylitic alteration pervasive texture granitoïds conserved spite minerals chlorite allanite epidote forming paragenesis. illitic alteration invasive unconformity. illitization replacement feldspars corrosion quartz crysals illitic ferromagnesian minerals pseudomorphosed chlorite phengite hematite assemblage. rock marked fissural deposits calcite anhydrite. isotopic fissural carbonates precipitated diagenetic fluids enriched deriving maturation matter. isotopic analyzes monazite crystals dated magmatic propylitic alteration diagenetic illitization geochemical balances rock propylitic alteration weak. contrary overprinted illitization intense leaching enrichment neither petrographic geochemical militate archean weathering paleosol diagenetic fluids percolated unconformity basement overprinted illitization propylitized rocks. fluids probably oxidant mobilization deposits

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48189172

10.1007/978-3-642-55137-6_13

Part 3: Preserving PrivacyInternational audienceReputation mechanisms are a powerful tool to reduce the potential risk of interacting with almost or completely unknown users in environments in which there is no incentive to behave trustworthily, e.g. in open and large-scale systems. However, by collecting feedback about users, reputation mechanisms can easily be manipulated to deduce users' profiles; thus, these mechanisms jeopardize users' privacy, which clearly compromise their wide adoption. Privacy-preserving reputation mechanisms have recently been proposed to solve this issue. All the proposed designs either rely on a trusted central authority to handle the casting of votes and the derivation of reputation scores, or are based on a distributed environment and use cryptographic tools (e.g. non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge and homomorphic encryption) to demonstrate the validity of votes and reputation scores. However, to the best of our knowledge, all the proposed distributed mechanisms produce solely monotonic reputation scores: whatever the outcome of an interaction, a service provider's reputation can never decrease. In this article, we propose a distributed privacy-preserving reputation mechanism handling both positive and negative votes. This is achieved by combining algorithms and tools from both the distributed and the cryptographic communities

Extending Signatures of Reputation

extending signatures of reputation

preserving privacyinternational audiencereputation powerful interacting unknown environments incentive behave trustworthily e.g. systems. collecting reputation manipulated deduce jeopardize privacy compromise adoption. privacy preserving reputation solve issue. designs rely trusted authority handle casting votes derivation reputation cryptographic e.g. interactive proofs homomorphic encryption validity votes reputation scores. solely monotonic reputation whatever provider reputation never decrease. propose privacy preserving reputation handling votes. combining cryptographic communities

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48226305

10.1016/j.jnnfm.2008.01.006

The original contribution is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037702570800013XInternational audienceThis paper presents an approach to computing the shear flowcurve from torque-rotational velocity data in a Couette rheometer. The approximation techniques in shear rate calculation are generally dictated by the radius ratio between coaxial cylinders and the rheological behaviour of fluid tested. Here, the approach consists in analysing the sheared material as a Bingham fluid and computing an average shear rate when the fluid in the cylindrical gap is partially and fully sheared. We focus in particular on the applicability of the Bingham approximation in shear rate calculation. First, the approach is assessed by examining synthetic data generated with Newtonian, non-Newtonian and yield stress materials with known properties, varying the gap radius ratio. The results, which are compared with commonly used techniques in shear rate calculation, prove the relevance of the proposed approach. Finally, its efficiency is examined by applying it to process Couette data of yield stress fluids taken from published works

Processing the Couette viscometry data using a Bingham approximation in shear rate calculation

processing the couette viscometry data using a bingham approximation in shear rate calculation

audiencethis presents flowcurve torque rotational couette rheometer. dictated coaxial cylinders rheological tested. analysing sheared bingham cylindrical partially sheared. applicability bingham calculation. examining synthetic newtonian newtonian ratio. commonly relevance approach. couette fluids

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48237736

10.1007/978-3-642-11747-3_10

International audienceWe address the issue of formally validating the deployment of access control security policies. We show how the use of a formal expression of the security requirements, related to a given system, ensures the deployment of an anomaly free abstract security policy. We also describe how to develop appropriate algorithms by using a theorem proving approach with a modeling language allowing the specification of the system, of the link between the system and the policy, and of certain target security properties. The result is a set of proved algorithms that constitute the certified technique for a reliable security policy deployment

Model-driven security policy deployment: property oriented approach

model-driven security policy deployment: property oriented approach

audiencewe formally validating deployment security policies. formal security ensures deployment anomaly security policy. proving allowing specification security properties. proved constitute certified reliable security deployment

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48322089

10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.03.019

International audienceThis paper summarizes expert opinions regarding crucial factors that mayinfluence Vietnam’s future use of carbon capture and storage (CCS) based onface-to-face interviews in December 2013 with 16 CCS-related experts fromthe Vietnamese government, research institutes, universities and the energyindustrial sector. This study finds that financial incentives and climate policyare the most important factors for the development of CCS technologies inVietnam in the next two decades. Financial incentives involve direct subsidiesfrom the government, such as tax exemptions for land use and the importationof CCS-related equipment. In addition, all the experts agree that internationalfinancial support is important to initiate a large deployment of CCStechnologies in Vietnam by implementing demonstrative/pilot projects to proveCCS’s working efficiency

Perspective of CO2 capture & storage (CCS) development in Vietnam: Results from expert interviews

perspective of co2 capture & storage (ccs) development in vietnam: results from expert interviews

audiencethis summarizes expert opinions crucial mayinfluence vietnam’s capture storage onface interviews december experts fromthe vietnamese institutes universities energyindustrial sector. finds incentives policyare technologies invietnam decades. incentives involve subsidiesfrom exemptions importationof equipment. experts agree internationalfinancial initiate deployment ccstechnologies vietnam implementing demonstrative pilot projects proveccs’s

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48355423

10.1088/1751-8113/42/14/145301

International audienceThe decomposition of the Laughlin wave function in the Slater orthogonal basis appears in the discussion on the second-quantized form of the Laughlin states and is straightforwardly equivalent to the decomposition of the even powers of the Vandermonde determinants in the Schur basis. Such a computation is notoriously difficult and the coefficients of the expansion have not yet been interpreted. In our paper, we give an expression of these coefficients in terms of hyperdeterminants of sparse tensors. We use this result to construct an algorithm allowing to compute one coefficient of the development without computing the others. Thanks to a program in {\tt C}, we performed the calculation for the square of the Vandermonde up to an alphabet of eleven lettres

Hyperdeterminantal computation for the Laughlin wave function

hyperdeterminantal computation for the laughlin wave function

audiencethe decomposition laughlin slater orthogonal quantized laughlin straightforwardly decomposition powers vandermonde determinants schur basis. notoriously interpreted. hyperdeterminants sparse tensors. allowing others. thanks vandermonde alphabet eleven lettres

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49301704

10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.024

A possible complication associated with the implantation of HA-based prosthesis is the release of particles. Those particles can be phagocyted by monocytes that are among the first cells to colonize the inflammatory site. The activated monocytes produce inflammatory mediators such as cytokines that cause osteoclasts activation. The present work studies the effect of zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite particles with various concentrations of zinc on cytokines production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-8) by human monocytes LPS-stimulated or not. The concentrations used were 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 5%. Our data demonstrates that the zinc has an effect on cytokines production. It decreases the production of TNF- α and increases the production of IL-8 by unstimulated cells. Using LPS-stimulated cells, it decreases the production of inflammatory cytokines and increases the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). So zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite has favourable effects on the cytokines production by monocytes

Influence of the zinc concentration of zinc substituted hydroxyapatite on cytokines production by human monocytes in vitro

influence of the zinc concentration of zinc substituted hydroxyapatite on cytokines production by human monocytes in vitro

complication implantation prosthesis particles. phagocyted monocytes colonize inflammatory site. monocytes inflammatory mediators cytokines osteoclasts activation. zinc substituted hydroxyapatite zinc cytokines monocytes stimulated not. demonstrates zinc cytokines production. unstimulated cells. stimulated inflammatory cytokines inflammatory cytokine zinc substituted hydroxyapatite favourable cytokines monocytes

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51153553

10.1063/1.4868224

Utilisation of wide bandgap Cd1_xZnxS alloys as an alternative to the CdS window layer is an attractive route to enhance the performance of CdTe thin film solar cells. For successful implementation, however, it is vital to control the composition and properties of Cd1_xZnxS through device fabrication processes involving the relatively high-temperature CdTe deposition and CdCl2 activation steps. In this study, cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy and depth profiling methods were employed to investigate chemical and structural changes in CdTe/Cd1_xZnxS/CdS superstrate device structures deposited on an ITO/boro-aluminosilicate substrate. Comparison of three devices in different states of completion—fully processed (CdCl2 activated), annealed only (without CdCl2 activation), and a control (without CdCl2 activation or anneal)—revealed cation diffusion phenomena within the window layer, their effects closely coupled to the CdCl2 treatment. As a result, the initial Cd1_xZnxS/CdS bilayer structure was observed to unify into a single Cd1_xZnxS layer with an increased Cd/Zn atomic ratio; these changes defining the properties and performance of the Cd1_xZnxS/CdTe device

CdCl2 treatment related diffusion phenomena in Cd1xZnxS/CdTe solar cells

cdcl2 treatment related diffusion phenomena in cd1xznxs/cdte solar cells

utilisation bandgap xznxs alloys window attractive route enhance cdte film cells. successful vital xznxs fabrication involving cdte deposition cdcl steps. sectional scanning microscopy profiling cdte xznxs superstrate deposited boro aluminosilicate substrate. devices completion—fully processed cdcl annealed cdcl cdcl anneal —revealed cation phenomena window closely cdcl treatment. xznxs bilayer unify xznxs defining xznxs cdte

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51931521

10.1103/PhysRevB.95.161301

International audienceWe report on a detailed study of the electronic properties of a series of boron-doped diamond epilayers with dopant concentrations ranging from 1.10^ 20 to 3.10^21 cm −3 and thicknesses (d ⊥) ranging from 2 µm to 8 nm. By using well-defined mesa patterns that minimize the parasitic currents induced by doping inhomogeneities, we have been able to unveil a new phase diagram differing from all previous reports. We show that the onset of superconductivity does actually not coincide with the metal-insulator transition in this system. Moreover a dimensional crossover from 3D to 2D transport properties could be induced by reducing d ⊥ in both the metallic non-superconducting and superconducting epilayers, without any reduction of Tc with d ⊥ in the latter

Phase diagram of boron-doped diamond revisited by thickness-dependent transport studies

phase diagram of boron-doped diamond revisited by thickness-dependent transport studies

audiencewe boron doped diamond epilayers dopant ranging thicknesses ranging mesa minimize parasitic currents doping inhomogeneities unveil differing reports. onset superconductivity coincide insulator system. crossover reducing metallic superconducting superconducting epilayers

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51945962

10.1080/00309230.2014.948017

International audienceInaugurated in 2013, this collective research programme aims to construct an international mapping of the history of education that accounts for recent devel-opments in the field. Our goal is to create a current and retrospective assessment of the discipline's institutional grounding and of the knowledge produced by its practitioners, stretching across national and cultural borders. Ultimately, the pro-gramme will help to increase interactions among scholars and facilitate the crea-tion of collaborative research agendas, thereby augmenting the standing and visibility of the discipline. This text will briefly introduce the programme's conceptual basis, explaining the methodological steps taken to ensure the comparability of data gathered and the transnational and transcontinental character of the study's design. In the second section, we will zoom in on doctoral students' dissertations, which are the opti-mal way to study a discipline's development and potential. Doctoral students and recent graduates are part of a tradition, a school of thought, and yet they constitute that tradition's replacement and renewal. Therefore, as graduate stu-dents carry forth the disciplinary torch, they hold the future of the field in their hands

Mapping the discipline history of education

mapping the discipline history of education

audienceinaugurated collective programme aims accounts devel opments field. goal create retrospective discipline institutional grounding practitioners stretching cultural borders. ultimately gramme scholars facilitate crea collaborative agendas thereby augmenting standing visibility discipline. briefly programme conceptual explaining methodological ensure comparability gathered transnational transcontinental character design. zoom doctoral dissertations opti discipline potential. doctoral graduates tradition thought constitute tradition replacement renewal. graduate dents carry forth disciplinary torch hold hands

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51956085

10.1103/PhysRevB.76.180502

International audienceThe angular and field dependence of the Sommerfeld coefficient = lim Cel /T T→0 Cel being the electronic contribution to the specific heat has been measured in Al-doped MgB2 single crystals for x=0, x=0.1, and x 0.2 . We show that the decomposition previously introduced to describe H, where is the angle between the applied field and the c axis in pure samples Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 137001 2007 is well adapted to doped samples: e.g., the contribution of the band to the specific heat is proportional to B/Bc2 whereas the contribution of the band is isotropic but highly nonlinear in field. We hence present the evolution of the coherence lengths of the two bands and corresponding Fermi velocities with doping

Field and angular dependence of the Sommerfeld coefficient in Al-doped MgB2 single crystals

field and angular dependence of the sommerfeld coefficient in al-doped mgb2 single crystals

audiencethe sommerfeld doped crystals decomposition phys. rev. lett. adapted doped e.g. isotropic field. coherence lengths fermi velocities doping

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52130273

10.1016/j.jrurstud.2010.11.001

-Evidence is emerging from across Europe that contemporary agri-environmental schemes are having only limited, if any, influence on farmers’ long-term attitudes towards the environment. In this theoretical paper we argue that these approaches are not ‘culturally sustainable’, i.e. the actions are not becoming embedded within farming cultures as part of conventional ‘good farming’ practice. We propose (following Bourdieu) that, in order to culturally embed the environmental values, beliefs and knowledges that underlie such schemes, policy-makers need to devise approaches that allow the creation of cultural and social capital within farming communities – rather than simply compensating for economic capital lost. We outline the theoretical basis of our position and discuss how the contemporary agri-environmental approach of paying for specified environmental management services restricts the ability of such schemes to generate cultural and, thereby, social capital. Finally, we outline two possible ways of accounting for cultural capital in scheme creation: either through the development of measures of cultural capital that enable its incorporation into contemporary economic models or through a major revision to the way we construct and apply agri-environmental schemes.the Foundation for Research Science and Technology, New Zealand, and the Research Council of Norway as part of the AGRIPOL project (in association with the Centre for Rural Research

Creating culturally sustainable agri-environmental schemes

creating culturally sustainable agri-environmental schemes

emerging europe contemporary agri schemes farmers’ attitudes environment. argue ‘culturally sustainable’ i.e. becoming embedded farming cultures ‘good farming’ practice. propose bourdieu culturally embed beliefs knowledges underlie schemes makers devise creation cultural capital farming communities compensating capital lost. outline contemporary agri paying specified restricts schemes cultural thereby capital. outline ways accounting cultural capital creation cultural capital enable incorporation contemporary revision agri schemes.the foundation zealand council norway agripol rural

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52130893

10.1002/ece3.1799

-Ancient trees are considered one of the most important habitats for biodiversity in Europe and North America. They support exceptional numbers of specialized species, including a range of rare and endangered wood-living insects. In this study, we use a dataset of 105 sites spanning a climatic gradient along the oak range of Norway and Sweden to investigate the importance of temperature and precipitation on beetle species richness in ancient, hollow oak trees. We expected that increased summer temperature would positively influence all wood-living beetle species whereas precipitation would be less important with a negligible or negative impact. Surprisingly, only oak-specialist beetles with a northern distribution increased in species richness with temperature. Few specialist beetles and no generalist beetles responded to the rise of 4°C in summer as covered by our climatic gradient. The negative effect of precipitation affected more specialist species than did temperature, whereas the generalists remained unaffected. In summary, we suggest that increased summer temperature is likely to benefit a few specialist beetles within this dead wood community, but a larger number of specialists are likely to decline due to increased precipitation. In addition, generalist species will remain unaffected. To minimize adverse impacts of climate change on this important community, long-term management plans for ancient trees are important

Specialists in ancient trees are more affected by climate than generalists

specialists in ancient trees are more affected by climate than generalists

ancient trees habitats biodiversity europe america. exceptional specialized rare endangered wood living insects. dataset spanning climatic norway sweden precipitation beetle richness ancient hollow trees. summer positively wood living beetle precipitation negligible impact. surprisingly specialist beetles northern richness temperature. specialist beetles generalist beetles responded summer covered climatic gradient. precipitation specialist generalists remained unaffected. summer benefit specialist beetles dead wood specialists decline precipitation. generalist unaffected. minimize adverse impacts plans ancient trees

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52169398

10.1017/jfm.2014.659

We study the motion of a bubble driven by buoyancy and thermocapillarity in a tube with a non-uniformly heated walls, containing a so-called ‘self-rewetting fluid’; the surface tension of the latter exhibits a parabolic dependence on temperature, with a well-defined minimum. In the Stokes flow limit, we derive the conditions under which a spherical bubble can come to rest in a self-rewetting fluid whose temperature varies linearly in the vertical direction, and demonstrate that this is possible for both positive and negative temperature gradients. This is in contrast to the case of simple fluids whose surface tension decreases linearly with temperature, for which bubble motion is arrested only for negative temperature gradients. In the case of self-rewetting fluids, we propose an analytical expression for the position of bubble arrestment as a function of other dimensionless numbers. We also perform direct numerical simulation of axisymmetric bubble motion in a fluid whose temperature increases linearly with vertical distance from the bottom of the tube; this is done for a range of Bond and Galileo numbers, as well as for various parameters that govern the functional dependence of surface tension on temperature. We demonstrate that bubble motion can be reversed and then arrested only in self-rewetting fluids, and not in linear fluids, for sufficiently small Bond numbers. We also demonstrate that considerable bubble elongation is possible under significant wall confinement, and for strongly self-rewetting fluids and large Bond numbers. The mechanisms underlying the phenomena observed are elucidated by considering how the surface tension dependence on temperature affects the thermocapillary stresses in the flow

Non-isothermal bubble rise: non-monotonic dependence of surface tension on temperature

non-isothermal bubble rise: non-monotonic dependence of surface tension on temperature

bubble buoyancy thermocapillarity tube uniformly heated walls ‘self rewetting fluid’ tension exhibits parabolic minimum. stokes derive spherical bubble come rewetting varies linearly gradients. fluids tension linearly bubble arrested gradients. rewetting fluids propose bubble arrestment dimensionless numbers. axisymmetric bubble linearly tube bond galileo govern tension temperature. bubble reversed arrested rewetting fluids fluids sufficiently bond numbers. considerable bubble elongation confinement rewetting fluids bond numbers. phenomena elucidated tension affects thermocapillary stresses

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52308905

10.1016/J.JVOLGEORES.2013.07.005

International audienceHere we present a new geochemical study of Lopevi volcano, one the most active volcanoes in the Vanuatu island arc. We focus on the temporally well-defined sequence of lava flows emitted since 1960, and for the first time, on pre-1960 volcanic products, including high-MgO basalts and felsic andesites, the most evolved lavas sampled so far on this island. This work reports the first Pb and Hf isotopic study of lavas from Lopevi island. These lavas display correlations between differentiation indexes such as SiO2 content and isotopic ratios. The felsic andesites extend the known correlations with both the least (Sr-Pb) and the most (Nd-Hf) radiogenic isotopic compositions on the island. Our results confirm that the rising magma interacted with the sub-arc crust. Assimilation-Fractional Crystallization (AFC) quantitative modeling of trace element ratios and isotopic compositions requires 1% and 10% of assimilated partial melts of a mafic oceanic crust to account for the pre- and post-1960 lavas, respectively. The post-1960 lavas differ from the former lavas emitted ~ 20 years earlier by enrichments in fluid mobile elements (K, Ba, Rb...), Th, and Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE). We ascribe these features to slight variations in the metasomatic agent added to the sub-arc mantle and ultimately derived from the subducted lithosphere. However, the contrasting time scales involved in subducted lithosphere dehydration and magma genesis, relative to the time elapsed between eruptions of the two lava series, suggest that two different portions of mantle which have undergone slightly different metasomatism, gave birth to the Lopevi lavas. These distinct magmas are still present beneath the volcano

Temporal source evolution and crustal contamination at Lopevi Volcano, Vanuatu Island Arc

temporal source evolution and crustal contamination at lopevi volcano, vanuatu island arc

audiencehere geochemical lopevi volcano volcanoes vanuatu island arc. temporally lava flows emitted volcanic basalts felsic andesites evolved lavas sampled island. isotopic lavas lopevi island. lavas display indexes isotopic ratios. felsic andesites extend radiogenic isotopic compositions island. confirm rising magma interacted crust. assimilation fractional crystallization trace isotopic compositions assimilated melts mafic oceanic crust lavas respectively. lavas former lavas emitted enrichments mobile rb... rare earth lree ascribe slight metasomatic agent mantle ultimately subducted lithosphere. contrasting subducted lithosphere dehydration magma genesis elapsed eruptions lava portions mantle undergone metasomatism gave birth lopevi lavas. magmas beneath volcano

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52434306

10.1016/j.media.2015.02.005

International audienceWe propose a new algorithm for the voxelwise analysis of orientation distribution functions between one image and a group of reference images. It relies on a generic framework for the comparison of diffusion probabilities on the sphere, sampled from the underlying models. We demonstrate that this method, combined to dimensionality reduction through a principal component analysis, allows for more robust detection of lesions on simulated data when compared to classical tensor-based analysis. We then demonstrate the efficiency of this pipeline on the longitudinal comparison of multiple sclerosis patients at an early stage of the disease: right after their first clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and three months later. We demonstrate the pre-dictive value of ODF-based scores for the early detection of lesions that will appear or heal

Diffusion MRI abnormalities detection with orientation distribution functions: A multiple sclerosis longitudinal study

diffusion mri abnormalities detection with orientation distribution functions: a multiple sclerosis longitudinal study

audiencewe propose voxelwise images. relies generic probabilities sphere sampled models. dimensionality principal robust lesions analysis. pipeline longitudinal sclerosis clinically syndrome later. dictive lesions heal

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52474105

10.1007/s00340-005-1867-5

Single, rf-trapped ions find various applications ranging from metrology to quantum computation. High-resolution interrogation of an extremely weak transition under best observation conditions requires an ion almost at rest. To avoid line-broadening effects such as the second order Doppler effect or rf heating in the absence of laser cooling, excess micromotion has to be eliminated as far as possible. In this work the motional state of a confined three-level ion is probed, taking advantage of the high sensitivity of observed dark resonances to the trapped ion's velocity. Excess micromotion is controlled by monitoring the dark resonance contrast with varying laser beam geometry. The influence of different parameters such as the cooling laser intensity has been investigated experimentally and numerically

Dark resonances as a probe for the motional state of a single ion

dark resonances as a probe for the motional state of a single ion

trapped ranging metrology computation. interrogation extremely rest. avoid broadening doppler heating cooling excess micromotion eliminated possible. motional confined probed advantage resonances trapped velocity. excess micromotion geometry. cooling experimentally numerically

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52659656

10.1007/s10509-016-2921-y

International audienceThe spatial structure of a steady state plasma flow is shaped by the standing modes with local phase velocity exactly opposite to the flow velocity. The general procedure of finding the wave vectors of all possible standing MHD modes in any given point of a stationary flow requires numerically solving an algebraic equation. We present the graphical procedure (already mentioned by some authors in the 1960's) along with the exact solution for the Alfvén mode and approximate analytic solutions for both fast and slow modes. The technique can be used to identify MHD modes in space and laboratory plasmas as well as in numerical simulations

Identification of standing fronts in steady state fluid flows: exact and approximate solutions for propagating MHD modes

identification of standing fronts in steady state fluid flows: exact and approximate solutions for propagating mhd modes

audiencethe steady shaped standing opposite velocity. standing stationary numerically solving algebraic equation. graphical alfvén approximate analytic slow modes. plasmas

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52663225

10.1063/1.3076784

International audienceIn mid-2009 a notable upgrade of the H.E.S.S. telescope system will take place: a new telescope with a 600 m2 mirror area and very-high-resolution camera (0.07°) will be positioned at the centre of the present configuration, with the aim of lowering the threshold and enhance its sensitivity in the 100 GeV to several TeV energy range. HESS-II will permit the investigation of the lower energy gamma-ray spectra in various cosmic accelerators, giving information on the origin of the gamma-rays observed, and will detect AGNs with a redshift greater than 0.2 (being less affected by absorption by Extragalactic Background Light-EBL-in this energy range) and will search for new classes of very high energy gamma-ray emitters (pulsars, microquasars, GRB, and dark matter candidates)

HESS-II reconstruction strategy and performance in the low-energy (20-150 GeV) domain

hess-ii reconstruction strategy and performance in the low-energy (20-150 gev) domain

audiencein notable upgrade h.e.s.s. telescope telescope mirror camera positioned lowering enhance range. hess permit gamma cosmic accelerators giving gamma rays detect agns extragalactic gamma emitters pulsars microquasars candidates

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52664887

10.1007/978-3-540-39756-4_47

Springer-Verlag series "ESO Astrophysics Symposia"International audienceThe H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) phase I is comprised of four Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, for observation of galactic and cosmic sources of very high energy gamma rays. Its installation in the Khomas highlands, Namibia has been completed in December, 2003. The first of these telescopes was installed in June 2003, and data-taking has proceeded since that time. The HESS telescope system provides a significant improvement in sensitivity and a threshold for detection below that of previous Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. The characteristics for the phase-I will be presented, together with plans for phase-II of the experiment, comprised of a large telescope in the centre of the current phase-I providing a lowered threshold and increased sensitivity. We can observe AGNs up to redshift 0.5 with HESS and 2-3 with HESS Phase-2, which provides a unique capability for study of spectral and temporal characteristics on timescales of several hours or even less than 1 h (depending on the strength of flares). We will present the first results from a number of southern AGN observed during the installation of the phase-I, in particular concerning the detection and spectral properties of the AGN PKS2155$-$305

Results from observations of AGNs with the H.E.S.S. telescope system and Future plans

results from observations of agns with the h.e.s.s. telescope system and future plans

springer verlag astrophysics symposia audiencethe h.e.s.s. stereoscopic comprised cherenkov telescopes galactic cosmic gamma rays. installation khomas highlands namibia completed december telescopes installed proceeded time. hess telescope cherenkov telescopes. plans comprised telescope lowered sensitivity. agns hess hess capability timescales flares southern installation concerning

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52670456

10.1103/PhysRevD.93.082004

International audienceThe sensitivity of the gravitational-wave detector KAGRA, presently under construction, will be limited by quantum noise in a large fraction of its spectrum. The most promising technique to increase the detector sensitivity is the injection of squeezed states of light, where the squeezing angle is dynamically rotated by a Fabry-Pérot filter cavity. One of the main issues in the filter cavity design and realization is the optical losses due to the mirror surface imperfections. In this work we present a study of the specifications for the mirrors to be used in a 300 m filter cavity for the KAGRA detector. A prototype of the cavity will be constructed at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, inside the infrastructure of the former TAMA interferometer. We also discuss the potential improvement of the KAGRA sensitivity, based on a model of various realistic sources of losses and their influence on the squeezing amplitude

Estimation of losses in a 300 m filter cavity and quantum noise reduction in the KAGRA gravitational-wave detector

estimation of losses in a 300 m filter cavity and quantum noise reduction in the kagra gravitational-wave detector

audiencethe gravitational kagra presently spectrum. promising injection squeezed squeezing dynamically rotated fabry pérot filter cavity. filter cavity realization losses mirror imperfections. specifications mirrors filter cavity kagra detector. prototype cavity astronomical observatory infrastructure former tama interferometer. kagra realistic losses squeezing

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52681103

10.1063/1.4769435

International audienceThe crystallization behavior of Ge2Sb2Te5 nanometric clusters was studied using X-ray diffraction with in situannealing. Clusters were made using a sputtering gas-phase condensation source, which allowed for the growth of well-defined, contaminant-free, and isolated clusters. The average size for the clusters is 5.7 ± 1 nm. As-deposited amorphous clusters crystallize in the fcc cubic phase at 180 °C, while for thin films, the phase change temperature is 155 °C. This observation illustrates the scalability of the Ge2Sb2Te5phase change from the amorphous to the cubic state in three-dimensionally confined systems in this size range

Crystallization of Ge2Sb2Te5 nanometric phase change material clusters made by gas-phase condensation

crystallization of ge2sb2te5 nanometric phase change material clusters made by gas-phase condensation

audiencethe crystallization nanometric diffraction situannealing. sputtering condensation contaminant clusters. deposited amorphous crystallize cubic films illustrates scalability amorphous cubic dimensionally confined

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52689767

10.1016/j.aop.2011.12.004

Expressions for spatial two-particle correlations in an LS-coupled basis of the harmonic oscillator are used to display the probability distribution of two identical nucleons as a function of their relative distance and their distance from the center of the nucleus. It is shown that a two-nucleon state in the p shell with total orbital angular momentum L = 0 and total spin S = 0 contains a di-neutron and a cigarlike component with equal probability. This result can also be proven analytically with the use of angular correlation functions. Scattering of the nucleons from the p shell to other shells leads to the enhancement of the di-neutron con guration. A semi-quantitative application to 6He is presented which shows that the probability of the di-neutron con guration in the ground state is of the order of 60%. The longterm goal of this work is to obtain a geometric insight into the properties of nuclei with several nucleons in a valence shell

Spatial particle correlations in light nuclei. I Two-particle systems

spatial particle correlations in light nuclei. i two-particle systems

expressions harmonic oscillator display nucleons nucleus. nucleon orbital neutron cigarlike probability. proven analytically functions. nucleons shells enhancement neutron guration. neutron guration longterm goal geometric insight nuclei nucleons valence

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52696123

10.1016/j.jcp.2009.11.031

International audienceAn original penalization method is applied to model the interaction of magnetically confined plasma with limiter in the frame of minimal transport model for ionic density and parallel momentum. The limiter is considered as a pure particle sink for the plasma and consequently the density and the momentum are enforced to be zero inside. Comparisons of the numerical results with one dimensional analytical solutions show a very good agreement. In particular, presented method provides a plasma velocity which is almost sonic at the boundaries obstacles as expected from the sheath conditions through the Bohm criterion. The new system being solved in an obstacle free domain, an efficient pseudo-spectral algorithm based on a Fast Fourier transform is also proposed, and associated with an exponential filtering of the unphysical oscillations due to Gibbs phenomenon. Finally, the efficiency of the method is illustrated by investigating the flow spreading from the plasma core to the Scrape Off Layer at the wall in a two-dimensional system with one then two limiters neighboring

Penalization modeling of a limiter in the Tokamak edge plasma

penalization modeling of a limiter in the tokamak edge plasma

audiencean penalization magnetically confined limiter ionic momentum. limiter sink enforced inside. comparisons agreement. sonic boundaries obstacles sheath bohm criterion. solved obstacle pseudo fourier transform exponential filtering unphysical oscillations gibbs phenomenon. illustrated investigating spreading scrape limiters neighboring

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52697073

10.1016/B978-012369442-3/50062-3

ISBN : 978-0-12-369442-3Animal venoms are rich sources of bioactive compounds that possess obvious pharmacological, therapeutic and/or biotechnological values. A majority of these compounds are peptides that mainly target enzymes, membrane receptors or ion channels. These peptides are most often in a size range that allows their production in vitro by chemical synthesis or genetic engineering. Unfortunately, they rarely display the required characteristics in terms of selectivity, affinity, stability and targeting with regard to the desired application. In recent years, a number of structural approaches or strategies have been developed to improve the intrinsic potential of venom peptides. They are reviewed herein for their effectiveness

Structure-function strategies to improve the pharmacological value of animal toxins.

structure-function strategies to improve the pharmacological value of animal toxins.

isbn venoms bioactive possess obvious pharmacological therapeutic biotechnological values. majority peptides enzymes receptors channels. peptides engineering. unfortunately rarely display selectivity affinity targeting regard desired application. intrinsic venom peptides. reviewed herein effectiveness

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52701242

10.1016/j.crte.2007.03.002

International audienceSubfossil chironomid assemblages spanning the last Interglacial/Glacial transition at Les Échets (France) highlight the environmental and climatic changes that took place at this crucial period. The Early Eemian warming is marked by increased percentages of warmwater taxa and decreased percentages of coldwater taxa. In the Middle Eemian, a lowering in water level is indicated by a rise of littoral taxa. In the Late Eemian, chironomids indicate anoxic deep waters and rise of water level, probably induced by increased rainfall. Mélisey I and II and the beginning of the glacial period are marked by the reappearance of coldwater taxa, lower percentages of warmwater taxa, and dominance of littoral taxa, probably correlated with lower water level and climate aridity. St Germain I and II are marked by higher percentages of warmwater taxa, lower percentages, or absence of both coldwater and littoral taxa

Past environment and climate changes at the last Interglacial/Glacial transition (Les Échets, France) inferred from subfossil chironomids (Insecta)

past environment and climate changes at the last interglacial/glacial transition (les échets, france) inferred from subfossil chironomids (insecta)

audiencesubfossil chironomid assemblages spanning interglacial glacial échets highlight climatic took crucial period. eemian warming marked percentages warmwater taxa percentages coldwater taxa. eemian lowering littoral taxa. eemian chironomids anoxic waters probably rainfall. mélisey beginning glacial marked reappearance coldwater taxa percentages warmwater taxa dominance littoral taxa probably aridity. germain marked percentages warmwater taxa percentages coldwater littoral taxa

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52715185

10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.02.011

International audienceThe Cheliff basin (ex El Asnam) is known as one of the most seismic active zone in Algeria and the West Mediterranean region. We can cite the El Asnam earthquake which occurred in 10.10.01980 with magnitude of 7.3. It was generated by a thrust fault with NE–SW sinistral component. Until now, there is a little information about existence of deep active faults, which generate this strong activity. The gravity field is an important resource of information on crustal structure. The aim of this work is giving a reliable geometry of the major faults relative to the kinematics of this region.The results obtained from various filtered maps (derivatives, upward continuation) of the gravity data, were used to generate a structural map of the studied area. Whilst the continuous wavelet transform method can help in automatic detection of elongated structures in 3-D, to estimate their strike direction, shape and depth. It gives a 3-D image or a model of the region and confirms the existence of several faults, localized or inferred, from former geological studies

Gravimetric evidences of active faults and underground structure of the Cheliff seismogenic basin (Algeria)

gravimetric evidences of active faults and underground structure of the cheliff seismogenic basin (algeria)

audiencethe cheliff basin asnam seismic algeria west mediterranean region. cite asnam earthquake occurred thrust fault ne–sw sinistral component. faults activity. resource crustal structure. giving reliable faults kinematics region.the filtered derivatives upward continuation area. whilst wavelet transform automatic elongated strike depth. confirms faults localized inferred former geological

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52715432

10.1002/jgra.50349

International audience[1] Quantifying the loss of relativistic electrons from the Earth's radiation belts requires to estimate the effects of many kinds of observed waves, ranging from ULF to VLF. Analytical estimates of electron quasi-linear diffusion coefficients for whistler-mode chorus and hiss waves of arbitrary obliquity have been recently derived, allowing useful analytical approximations for lifetimes. We examine here the influence of much lower frequency and highly oblique, fast magnetosonic waves (also called ELF equatorial noise) by means of both approximate analytical formulations of the corresponding diffusion coefficients and full numerical simulations. Further analytical developments allow us to identify the most critical wave and plasma parameters necessary for a strong impact of fast magnetosonic waves on electron lifetimes and acceleration in the simultaneous presence of chorus, hiss, or lightning-generated waves, both inside and outside the plasmasphere. In this respect, a relatively small frequency over ion gyrofrequency ratio appears more favorable, and other propitious circumstances are characterized. This study should be useful for a comprehensive appraisal of the potential effect of fast magnetosonic waves throughout the magnetosphere. Citation: Mourenas, D., A. V. Artemyev, O. V. Agapitov, and V. Krasnoselskikh (2013), Analytical estimates of electron quasi-linear diffusion by fast magnetosonic waves

Analytical estimates of electron quasi-linear diffusion by fast magnetosonic waves

analytical estimates of electron quasi-linear diffusion by fast magnetosonic waves

audience quantifying relativistic earth belts kinds ranging vlf. quasi whistler chorus hiss obliquity allowing approximations lifetimes. examine oblique magnetosonic equatorial approximate formulations simulations. developments magnetosonic lifetimes acceleration simultaneous chorus hiss lightning plasmasphere. gyrofrequency favorable propitious circumstances characterized. comprehensive appraisal magnetosonic magnetosphere. citation mourenas artemyev agapitov krasnoselskikh quasi magnetosonic

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52724133

10.1002/oca.2127

International audienceIn this work, we study the coupling of a culture of microalgae limited by light and an anaerobic digester in a two-tank bioreactor. The model for the reactor combines a periodic day-night light for the culture of microalgae and a classical chemostat model for the digester. We first prove the existence and attraction of periodic solutions of this problem for a 1 day period. Then, we study the optimal control problem of optimizing the production of methane in the digester during a certain timeframe, the control on the system being the dilution rate (the input flow of microalgae in the digester). We apply Pontryagin's Maximum Principle in order to characterize optimal controls, including the computation of singular controls. We present numerical simulations by direct and indirect methods for different light models and compare the optimal 1-day periodic solution to the optimal strategy over larger timeframes. Finally, we also investigate the dependence of the optimal cost with respect to the volume ratio of the two tanks

Analysis of a periodic optimal control problem connected to microalgae anaerobic digestion

analysis of a periodic optimal control problem connected to microalgae anaerobic digestion

audiencein microalgae anaerobic digester tank bioreactor. reactor combines night microalgae chemostat digester. attraction period. optimizing methane digester timeframe dilution microalgae digester pontryagin characterize singular controls. indirect timeframes. tanks

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52734566

10.1016/j.pepi.2011.08.008

soumis à PEPIInternational audienceWe propose an extension of the model by Yoshida et al. (1996), where deformation in the inner core is forced by preferential growth in the equatorial belt, by taking into account the presence of a stable compositional stratification. Stratification inhibits vertical motion, imposes a flow parallel to isodensity surfaces, and concentrates most deformation in a shallow shear layer of thickness $\sim B^{-1/5}$, where $B$ is the dimensionless buoyancy number. The localization of the flow results in large strain rates and enables the development of a strong alignment of iron crystals in the upper inner core. We couple our dynamical model with a numerical model of texture development and compute the time evolution of the lattice preferred orientation of different samples in the inner core. With sufficient stratification, texturing is significant in the uppermost inner core. In contrast, the deeper inner core is unaffected by any flow and may preserve a fossil texture. We investigate the effect of an initial texture resulting from solidification texturing at the ICB. In the present inner core, the deformation rate in the shallow shear layer is large and can significantly alter the solidification texturing, but the solidification texture acquired early in the inner core history can be preserved in the deeper part. Using elastic constants from \textit{ab initio} calculations, we predict different maps of anisotropy in the modern inner core. A model with both solidification texturing and subsequent deformation in a stratified inner core produces a global anisotropy in reasonable agreement with seismological observations

Texturing in the Earth's inner core due to preferential growth in its equatorial belt

texturing in the earth's inner core due to preferential growth in its equatorial belt

soumis pepiinternational audiencewe propose yoshida deformation forced preferential equatorial belt compositional stratification. stratification inhibits imposes isodensity concentrates deformation shallow dimensionless buoyancy number. localization enables alignment iron crystals core. couple texture preferred core. stratification texturing uppermost core. deeper unaffected preserve fossil texture. texture solidification texturing icb. deformation shallow alter solidification texturing solidification texture acquired preserved deeper part. elastic textit initio predict anisotropy modern core. solidification texturing deformation stratified produces anisotropy reasonable seismological

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52737563

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.05.001

International audienceThe total amount of suspended sediment load carried by a stream during a year is usually transported during one or several extreme events related to high river flow and intense rainfall, leading to very high suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs). In this study quantiles of SSC derived from annual maximums and the 99th percentile of SSC series are considered to be estimated locally in a site-specific approach using regional information. Analyses of relationships between physiographic characteristics and the selected indicators were undertaken using the localities of 5-km radius draining of each sampling site. Multiple regression models were built to test the regional estimation for these indicators of suspended sediment transport. To assess the accuracy of the estimates, a Jack-Knife re-sampling procedure was used to compute the relative bias and root mean square error of the models. Results show that for the 19 stations considered in California, the extreme SSCs can be estimated with 40–60% uncertainty, depending on the presence of flow regulation in the basin. This modelling approach is likely to prove functional in other Mediterranean climate watersheds since they appear useful in California, where geologic, climatic, physiographic, and land-use conditions are highly variable

Estimation of local extreme suspended sediment concentrations in California Rivers

estimation of local extreme suspended sediment concentrations in california rivers

audiencethe suspended sediment stream transported extreme river intense rainfall suspended sediment sscs quantiles maximums percentile locally information. physiographic indicators undertaken localities draining site. built indicators suspended sediment transport. jack knife models. stations california extreme sscs basin. mediterranean watersheds california geologic climatic physiographic

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52738171

10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.016

International audienceA 14-m long piston core was retrieved from Lake Le Bourget, NWAlps (France), in order to provide a continuous record of flooding events of the Rhone River during the Holocene. The selection of the coring site was based on high resolution seismic profiling, in an area with limited mass wasting deposits and accumulated proximal Rhone River inter-and underflow deposits. The age-depth model of this core is based on (i) 14 AMS radiocarbon dates, (ii)radionuclide dating(137Cs) and (iii) the identification of historical data (flood events, eutrophication of the lake).The sedimentary record dates back to 9400 cal BP, and includes a thin mass wasting event deposited around 4500 cal BP. A multi-proxy approach was used to track the evolution and origin of clastic sedimentation during the Holocene, in order to identify periods of higher hydrologic al activity in the catchment area. Spectrophotometry was used to detect fluctuations in clastic supply and the study of clay minerals (especially the Illite crystallinity index) allowed locating the main source area of fine grained clastic particles settling at the lake after flood events. This dataset highlights up to 12 periods of more intense flooding events over the last 9400 years in Lake Le Bourget and shows that the main source area of clastic particles during this period is the upper part of the Arve River drainage basin. This part of the catchment area drains several large glaciers from the Mont-Blanc Massif, and fluctuations in Rhone River flood supply in Lake Le Bourget is interpreted as resulting essentially from Mont-Blanc Glacier activity during the Holocene.The comparison of clastic sedimentationin Lake Le Bourget with periods of increasing land use and periods of Alpine glacier and mid-European lake level fluctuations, suggest that the core LDB04 clastic record in Lake Le Bourget is a continuous proxy of the Holocene hydrologic al history of the NW Alps

North western Alps Holocene paleohydrology recorded by flooding activity in Lake Le Bourget, France and possible relations with Mont-Blanc glaciers fluctuations

north western alps holocene paleohydrology recorded by flooding activity in lake le bourget, france and possible relations with mont-blanc glaciers fluctuations

audiencea piston retrieved lake bourget nwalps record flooding rhone river holocene. coring seismic profiling wasting deposits accumulated proximal rhone river underflow deposits. radiocarbon dates radionuclide dating historical flood eutrophication lake .the sedimentary record dates wasting deposited proxy track clastic sedimentation holocene hydrologic catchment area. spectrophotometry detect clastic supply clay minerals illite crystallinity locating fine grained clastic settling lake flood events. dataset highlights intense flooding lake bourget clastic arve river drainage basin. catchment drains glaciers mont blanc massif rhone river flood supply lake bourget interpreted essentially mont blanc glacier holocene.the clastic sedimentationin lake bourget alpine glacier lake clastic record lake bourget proxy holocene hydrologic alps

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52759101

10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.02.020

International audienceStatistical assessment of landslide susceptibility has become a major topic of research in the last decade. Most progress has been accomplished on producing susceptibility maps at meso-scales (1:50,000–1:25,000). At 1:10,000 scale, which is the scale of production of most regulatory landslide hazard and risk maps in Europe, few tests on the performance of these methods have been performed. This paper presents a procedure to identify the best variables for landslide susceptibility assessment through a bivariate technique (weights of evidence, WOE) and discusses the best way to minimize conditional independence (CI) between the predictive variables. Indeed, violating CI can severely bias the simulated maps by over- or under-estimating landslide probabilities. The proposed strategy includes four steps: (i) identification of the best response variable (RV) to represent landslide events, (ii) identification of the best combination of predictive variables (PVs) and neo-predictive variables (nPVs) to increase the performance of the statistical model, (iii) evaluation of the performance of the simulations by appropriate tests, and (iv) evaluation of the statistical model by expert judgment. The study site is the north-facing hillslope of the Barcelonnette Basin (France), affected by several types of landslides and characterized by a complex morphology. Results indicate that bivariate methods are powerful to assess landslide susceptibility at 1:10,000 scale. However, the method is limited from a geomorphological viewpoint when RVs and PVs are complex or poorly informative. It is demonstrated that expert knowledge has still to be introduced in statistical models to produce reliable landslide susceptibility maps

Landslide susceptibility assessment by bivariate methods at large scales: Application to a complex mountainous environment

landslide susceptibility assessment by bivariate methods at large scales: application to a complex mountainous environment

audiencestatistical landslide susceptibility topic decade. progress accomplished producing susceptibility meso regulatory landslide hazard europe performed. presents landslide susceptibility bivariate weights discusses minimize conditional independence predictive variables. violating severely estimating landslide probabilities. landslide predictive predictive npvs expert judgment. facing hillslope barcelonnette basin landslides morphology. bivariate powerful landslide susceptibility scale. geomorphological viewpoint poorly informative. expert reliable landslide susceptibility

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52767075

10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01074-9

International audienceStepwise demagnetization isolates a stable magnetic component in 13 sites of basalt flows and baked sediments dated at 113.3±1.6 Ma from the Tuoyun section, western Xinjiang Province, China. Except for one flow from the base of the 300 m thick section, the rest have exclusively reversed polarity. The sequence correlates with chron M-0 in some geomagnetic polarity time scales, which potentially places the section just before the start of the Cretaceous Long Normal polarity superchron. Five of 11 sites of Early Cretaceous red beds that underlie the basalts possess coherent directions that pass both fold and reversals tests. Six sites of Upper Jurassic red beds have a magnetic component that was likely acquired after folding in the Tertiary. The mean paleolatitude of the Lower Cretaceous red beds is 11° lower than that of the Lower Cretaceous basalts suggesting the red beds underestimate the true field inclination. We further test this result by calculating the paleolatitudes to a common point of the available Early Cretaceous to Present paleomagnetic poles from red beds and volcanic rocks from central Asian localities north of the Tibetan Plateau. We find that paleolatitudes of volcanic rocks roughly equal the paleolatitudes calculated from the reference Eurasian apparent polar wander path (APWP) and that paleolatitudes of red beds are generally 10-20° lower than the paleolatitudes of volcanic rocks and those predicted from the reference curve. Our study suggests that central Asian red beds poorly record the Earth's field inclination, which leads to lower than expected paleolatitudes. Good agreement in paleolatitudes from volcanic rocks and the Eurasian APWP argues against proposed canted and non-dipole field models

Paleomagnetic of Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretecous volcanic and sedimentary rocks from the western Tarim abd implications for inclination shallowing and absolute dating of the M0 (ISEA) chron.

paleomagnetic of upper jurassic to lower cretecous volcanic and sedimentary rocks from the western tarim abd implications for inclination shallowing and absolute dating of the m0 (isea) chron.

audiencestepwise demagnetization isolates basalt flows baked sediments dated tuoyun xinjiang province china. thick exclusively reversed polarity. correlates chron geomagnetic polarity potentially places cretaceous polarity superchron. cretaceous beds underlie basalts possess coherent directions pass reversals tests. jurassic beds acquired folding tertiary. paleolatitude cretaceous beds cretaceous basalts beds underestimate inclination. calculating paleolatitudes cretaceous paleomagnetic poles beds volcanic rocks asian localities tibetan plateau. paleolatitudes volcanic rocks roughly paleolatitudes eurasian apparent polar wander apwp paleolatitudes beds paleolatitudes volcanic rocks curve. asian beds poorly record earth inclination paleolatitudes. paleolatitudes volcanic rocks eurasian apwp argues canted dipole

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52772697

10.1088/1742-6596/692/1/012011

International audienceThis paper is devoted to the design of new chaotic Pseudo Random Number Generator (CPRNG). Exploring several topologies of network of 1-D coupled chaotic mapping, we focus first on two dimensional networks. Two topologically coupled maps are studied: T T L (RC) non-alternate, and T T L (SC) alternate. The primary idea of the novel maps has been based on an original coupling of the tent and logistic maps to achieve excellent random properties and homogeneous /uniform/ density in the phase plane, thus guaranteeing maximum security when used for chaos base cryptography. In this aim two new nonlinear CPRNG: M T T L (SC 2) and N T T( L2) are proposed. The maps successfully passed numerous statistical, graphical and numerical tests, due to proposed ring coupling and injection mechanisms

Robust PRNG based on homogeneously distributed chaotic dynamics

robust prng based on homogeneously distributed chaotic dynamics

audiencethis devoted chaotic pseudo generator cprng exploring topologies chaotic networks. topologically alternate alternate. tent logistic excellent homogeneous guaranteeing security chaos cryptography. cprng proposed. successfully passed numerous graphical injection

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52795140

10.1051/0004-6361:20041954

International audienceWe present the first VLTI/MIDI observations of the Be star alpha Ara (HD 158 427), showing a nearly unresolved circumstellar disk in the N band. The interferometric measurements made use of the UT1 and UT3 telescopes. The projected baselines were 102 and 74 meters with position angles of 7 ° and 55°, respectively. These measurements put an upper limit on the envelope size in the N band under the uniform disk approximation of φmax= 4±1.5 mas, corresponding to 14 R*, assuming R*=4.8 Rȯ and the Hipparcos distance of 74 pc. On the other hand the disk density must be large enough to produce the observed strong Balmer line emission. In order to estimate the possible circumstellar and stellar parameters we have used the SIMECA code developed by Stee et al. (1995, A&A, 300, 219) and Stee & Bittar (2001, A&A, 367, 532). Optical spectra taken with the échelle instrument Heros and the ESO-50 cm telescope, as well as infrared ones from the 1.6m Brazilian telescope were used together with the MIDI spectra and visibilities. These observations place complementary constraints on the density and geometry of the alpha Ara circumstellar disk. We discuss the potential truncation of the disk by a companion and we present spectroscopic indications of a periodic perturbation of some Balmer lines

First VLTI/MIDI observations of a Be star: Alpha Arae

first vlti/midi observations of a be star: alpha arae

audiencewe vlti midi alpha nearly unresolved circumstellar band. interferometric telescopes. projected baselines meters angles respectively. envelope φmax hipparcos balmer emission. circumstellar simeca stee stee bittar échelle instrument heros telescope infrared brazilian telescope midi visibilities. complementary alpha circumstellar disk. truncation companion spectroscopic indications perturbation balmer

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52828981

10.1007/s00199-009-0464-y

Voir Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2008.11 : http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00257731/fr/International audienceWe consider a general model of pure exchange economies with consumption externalities. Households may have different consumption sets and each consumption set is described by a function called the possibility function. Utility and possibility functions depend on the consumptions of all households. Showing by means of an example that basic assumptions are not enough to guarantee generic regularity, we provide sufficient conditions for generic regularity in the space of endowments and possibility functions

Externalities, consumption constraints and regular economies

externalities, consumption constraints and regular economies

voir documents travail economie sorbonne halshs.archives audiencewe economies externalities. households function. utility consumptions households. assumptions guarantee generic regularity generic regularity endowments

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52845884

10.1016/j.margeo.2013.07.014

International audienceThe aim of this paper is to improve the knowledge of spatio-temporal variability of very large to giant dunes in deep tide dominated environment. Their growth mechanisms and dynamic evolution still remain in debate and constitute a significant scientific challenge in regard to difficulties to achieve accurate measures of migrations. This motivated the realization of three recent swath bathymetry surveys across the wide dune field of the Banc du Four located offshore the western Brittany. The Banc du Four field is composed of more than 500 large dunes exhibiting a great diversity of morphologies ranging from 2D to 3D shapes and reaching the largest sizes of such sedimentary structure ever described (wavelength over 1000 m and height over 30 m). The analysis of the entire ensemble of dune parameters offers the opportunity to discuss the relative influence of forcings and the validity of the equations predicting the bedform geometry in shallow waters. Our results show a good height-spacing power law correlation but do not strike the usual statistical regression observed in previous studies. The steeper positive slope of the equation and the outstanding values of the height parameter reveal the complexity of local hydrodynamic regime, interacting with bed load transport and sediment supply. No clear relationship has been observed between asymmetry and size parameters. Water depth can not be considered as a major factor controlling the size of dunes. Otherwise, the vertical sedimentary variation suggests the action of storm waves on dune crests and the horizontal migration rates of dunes in the eastern field of the Banc du Four were found to range from 3 to 20 m.yr- 1. Such velocities were only mentioned before by Van Landeghem et al. (2012) on deep continental shelves (> 70 m deep) and attest of the still present morphodynamical equilibrium of the large dunes. Furthermore, as was previously found for similar dunes in the Irish Sea, no power-law relationship between dune migration rates and dune size can be deduced. Similarly, no strong correlation is established between migration rates and the degree of asymmetry. Nevertheless, the dune asymmetry can be used to predict the migration direction. As for dimension parameters, the evolution asymmetry depends on the study area and migration rates. More precisely, when the crest lines of dunes form straight lines and their migration rates remain below 8-10 m.yr- 1, the degree of dune asymmetry increases with the migration rate. This trend is reversed for the dunes with higher migration velocities and crests which are sinuous. These results relativize the migratory predictions based on punctual geometrical observations

Giant dune morphologies and dynamics in a deep continental shelf environment: example of the banc du four (Western Brittany, France)

giant dune morphologies and dynamics in a deep continental shelf environment: example of the banc du four (western brittany, france)

audiencethe spatio giant dunes tide dominated environment. debate constitute challenge regard difficulties migrations. motivated realization swath bathymetry surveys dune banc offshore brittany. banc composed dunes exhibiting great diversity morphologies ranging shapes reaching sizes sedimentary ever ensemble dune offers opportunity forcings validity predicting bedform shallow waters. spacing strike usual studies. steeper outstanding reveal hydrodynamic interacting sediment supply. asymmetry parameters. controlling dunes. sedimentary storm dune crests migration dunes eastern banc m.yr velocities landeghem continental shelves attest morphodynamical dunes. dunes irish dune migration dune deduced. migration asymmetry. nevertheless dune asymmetry predict migration direction. asymmetry migration rates. precisely crest dunes straight migration m.yr dune asymmetry migration rate. reversed dunes migration velocities crests sinuous. relativize migratory punctual geometrical

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52849182

10.1016/j.gca.2012.04.050

International audienceWe present new high precision iron isotope data (δ56Fe vs. IRMM-014 in per mil) for four groups of achondrites: one lunar meteorite, 11 martian meteorites, 32 howardite-eucrite-diogenite meteorites (HEDs), and eight angrites. Angrite meteorites are the only planetary materials, other than Earth/Moon system, significantly enriched in the heavy isotopes of Fe compared to chondrites (by an average of +0.12‰ in δ56Fe). While the reason for such fractionation is not completely understood, it might be related to isotopic fractionation by volatilization during accretion or more likely magmatic differentiation in the angrite parent-body. We also report precise data on martian and HED meteorites, yielding an average δ56Fe of 0.00 ± 0.01‰. Stannern-trend eucrites are isotopically heavier by +0.05‰ in δ56Fe than other eucrites. We show that this difference can be ascribed to the enrichment of heavy iron isotopes in ilmenite during igneous differentiation. Preferential dissolution of isotopically heavy ilmenite during remelting of eucritic crust could have generated the heavy iron isotope composition of Stannern-trend eucrites. This supports the view that Stannern-trend eucrites are derived from main-group eucrite source magma by assimilation of previously formed asteroidal crust. These new results show that iron isotopes are not only fractionated in terrestrial and lunar basalts, but also in two other differentiated planetary crusts. We suggest that igneous processes might be responsible for the iron isotope variations documented in planetary crusts

Iron isotope fractionation in planetary crusts

iron isotope fractionation in planetary crusts

audiencewe precision iron isotope irmm achondrites lunar meteorite martian meteorites howardite eucrite diogenite meteorites heds eight angrites. angrite meteorites planetary earth moon enriched isotopes chondrites fractionation understood isotopic fractionation volatilization accretion magmatic angrite parent body. precise martian meteorites yielding stannern eucrites isotopically heavier eucrites. ascribed enrichment iron isotopes ilmenite igneous differentiation. preferential dissolution isotopically ilmenite remelting eucritic crust iron isotope stannern eucrites. supports stannern eucrites eucrite magma assimilation asteroidal crust. iron isotopes fractionated terrestrial lunar basalts differentiated planetary crusts. igneous iron isotope documented planetary crusts

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52856733

10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.016

International audienceWe describe for the first time a set of large active thrusts and folds near the foot of the easternmost Algerian margin, Western Mediterranean, from swath bathymetry and high-resolution seismic data acquired in 2005 during the Maradja2/Samra cruise. This active system resumes a previous passive margin and creates growth strata deposition on the limbs of large folds, resulting in the development of perched basins at the foot of the margin since less than ~ 1 Ma. They form a set of overlapping fault segments verging toward the Algerian basin, in a way similar to what has been observed off eastern Algiers on the rupture zone of the 2003 Mw 6.8 Boumerdes earthquake. The horizontal shortening rate across large folds is estimated to be of the order of 1 mm/yr. Although no historical earthquakes are reported here, these fault segments could have been responsible for large (M ~ 7.5) events in the past. This young tectonic system further supports the hypothesis of subduction inception of the Neogene oceanic lithosphere in the context of the Africa–Eurasia convergence

Recent and active deformation pattern off the easternmost Algerian margin, Western Mediterranean Sea: New evidence for contractional tectonic reactivation

recent and active deformation pattern off the easternmost algerian margin, western mediterranean sea: new evidence for contractional tectonic reactivation

audiencewe thrusts folds foot easternmost algerian margin mediterranean swath bathymetry seismic acquired maradja samra cruise. resumes passive margin creates strata deposition limbs folds perched basins foot margin overlapping fault segments verging toward algerian basin eastern algiers rupture boumerdes earthquake. shortening folds historical earthquakes fault segments past. tectonic supports subduction inception neogene oceanic lithosphere africa–eurasia

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52895989

10.1016/S0045-7825(94)80036-7

International audienceIn this paper we present a new methodology based on the wavelet packet concept, in order to define an adaptive method for the approximation of partial differential equations. The wavelet packet framework allows us to define the notion of a minimal basis that has proven to be an efficient procedure for data compression. The purpose here is to take benefit of this compression to represent accurately and economically the solution of a time dependent PDE. The time discretization is a standard multistep scheme. The spacial discretization is defined by inferring a reduced basis for the solution at the new time step, from the knowledge of the previous ones

Towards a method for solving partial differential equations by using wavelet packet bases

towards a method for solving partial differential equations by using wavelet packet bases

audiencein methodology wavelet packet adaptive equations. wavelet packet notion proven compression. benefit compression accurately economically pde. discretization multistep scheme. spacial discretization inferring

exact_dup

52896272

10.1088/0741-3335/58/5/055003

International audienceTwo nonlinear regimes, depending on the magnetic Prandtl number Prm, are identified for magnetic islands described by resistive MHD equations. The frontier between these two regimes is sharp, and has the characteristics of a phase transition controlled by plasma viscosity. In the low Prm regime, a new form of the so-called flip instability, consisting of a sudden change of the island phase, is identified. Already known in the context of a forcing by external magnetic perturbations and localized current drive, it occurs spontaneously at low Prm. The main characteristics of this new structural instability are described. The low Prm regime is well described by the slab visco-resistive model in the linear phase, and is characterized by both a large saturation of the island and strong nonlinearly driven zonal flows (that do not impact significantly the island dynamics however), while curvature physics strongly impacts the viscous regime

Bifurcation of magnetic island saturation controlled by plasma viscosity

bifurcation of magnetic island saturation controlled by plasma viscosity

audiencetwo regimes prandtl islands resistive equations. frontier regimes sharp viscosity. flip instability consisting sudden island identified. forcing perturbations localized drive spontaneously prm. instability described. slab visco resistive saturation island nonlinearly zonal flows island curvature impacts viscous

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52896378

10.1103/PhysRevB.92.024108

International audienceTaking advantage of the new opportunities provided by x-ray free electron laser (FEL) sources when coupled to a long laser pulse as available at the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS), we have performed x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) of laser shock compressed iron up to 420 GPa (±50) and 10 800 K (±1390). Visible diagnostics coupled with hydrodynamic simulations were used to infer the thermodynamical conditions along the Hugoniot and the release adiabat. A modification of the pre-edge feature at 7.12 keV in the XANES spectra is observed above pressures of 260 GPa along the Hugoniot. Comparing with ab initio calculations and with previous laser-heated diamond cell data, we propose that such changes in the XANES pre-edge could be a signature of molten iron. This interpretation then suggests that iron is molten at pressures and temperatures higher than 260 GPa (±29) and 5680 K (±700) along the principal Fe Hugoniot

X-ray absorption spectroscopy of iron at multimegabar pressures in laser shock experiments

x-ray absorption spectroscopy of iron at multimegabar pressures in laser shock experiments

audiencetaking advantage opportunities coherent lcls spectroscopy xanes shock compressed iron visible diagnostics hydrodynamic infer thermodynamical hugoniot adiabat. modification xanes pressures hugoniot. initio heated diamond propose xanes signature molten iron. iron molten pressures principal hugoniot

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52896538

10.1051/proc/201340003

International audienceWe give in this paper a short review of some recent achievements within the framework of multiphase flow modeling. We focus first on a class of compressible two-phase flow models, detailing closure laws and their main properties. Next we briefly summarize some attempts to model two-phase flows in a porous region, and also a class of compressible three-phase flow models. Some of the main difficulties arising in the numerical simulation of solutions of these complex and highly non-linear systems of PDEs are then discussed, and we eventually show some numerical results when tackling two-phase flows with mass transfer

MODELLING COMPRESSIBLE MULTIPHASE FLOWS

modelling compressible multiphase flows

audiencewe achievements multiphase modeling. compressible detailing closure laws properties. briefly summarize attempts flows porous compressible models. difficulties arising pdes eventually tackling flows

exact_dup

52898568

10.1007/978-3-642-45239-0_15

International audienceIn this paper we introduce a model for studying meet-in-the-middle attacks on block ci-phers, and a simple block cipher construction provably resistant to such attacks in this model. A side-result of this is a proper formalization for an unproven alternative to DESX proposed by Kilian and Rogaway; this construction can now be shown to be sound in our model. Meet-in-the-middle attacks exploit weaknesses in key schedule algorithms, and building constructions resistant to such attacks is an important issue for improving the security of block ciphers. Our construction is generic so that it can be used on top of any block cipher, and it does not require to increase the key-length. We use an exposure resilient function (or ERF) as a building block and we propose a concrete and efficient instantiation strategy based on compression functions

Security Amplification against Meet-in-the-Middle Attacks Using Whitening

security amplification against meet-in-the-middle attacks using whitening

audiencein studying meet attacks phers cipher provably resistant attacks model. proper formalization unproven desx kilian rogaway sound model. meet attacks exploit weaknesses schedule constructions resistant attacks improving security ciphers. generic cipher length. resilient propose concrete instantiation compression

exact_dup

52903631

10.1080/17797179.2012.744544

International audienceThis paper presents an approach to the numerical simulation of crack propagation with cohesive models for the case of structures subjected to mixed mode loadings. The evolution of the crack path is followed by using an adaptive method: with the help of a macroscopic branching criterion based on the calculation of an energetic integral, the evolving crack path is remeshed as the crack evolves in the simulation. Special attention is paid to the unknown fields transfer approach that is crucial for the success of the computational treatment. This approach has been implemented in the finite element code Z-Set (jointly developed by Onera and Ecole des Mines) and is tested on two examples, one featuring a straight crack path and the other involving a complex crack propagation under critical monotonous loading monotonous

An adaptive algorithm for cohesive zone model and arbitrary crack propagation

an adaptive algorithm for cohesive zone model and arbitrary crack propagation

audiencethis presents crack propagation cohesive subjected loadings. crack adaptive macroscopic branching criterion energetic evolving crack remeshed crack evolves simulation. paid unknown crucial success treatment. implemented jointly onera ecole mines featuring straight crack involving crack propagation monotonous loading monotonous

exact_dup

53152046

10.1016/J.APCATB.2004.06.016

Hydrodechlorination of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), pentachlorophenol (PCP), and p-chlorobenzoic acid with hydrogen gas over 5% Pd/C or Raney-Ni was studied in different liquid phase systems: (1) ethanol or ethanol–aqueous KOH; (2) in the multiphase system, composed by an organic phase and aqueous KOH and containing a quaternary ammonium salt (Aliquat 336). Under mild conditions (50 8C and atmospheric pressure of hydrogen) quantitative hydrodechlorination of 2,4,5-T is achieved in 1–4 h over Raney-Ni or Pd/C in the\ud multiphase system or in the ethanol–aqueous KOH solution. PCP reacts selectively giving the dechlorinated phenolate in several hours in the system made of aqueous KOH (with Raney-Ni or Pd/C) or in several minutes in the presence of a small amount of Aliquat 336 solution in isooctane (1–4 molar% of Aliquat 336), where Aliquat 336 promotes the phase-transfer of polychlorinated anion. The reaction rates versus conditions, process localization, and the role of the ionic liquid environment are discussed

Phase-Transfer Promotion of Hydrodechlorination of Chlorophenoxy-Pesticides over Pd/C and Raney-Ni

phase-transfer promotion of hydrodechlorination of chlorophenoxy-pesticides over pd/c and raney-ni

hydrodechlorination trichlorophenoxyacetic pentachlorophenol chlorobenzoic raney ethanol ethanol–aqueous multiphase composed aqueous quaternary ammonium salt aliquat mild hydrodechlorination raney multiphase ethanol–aqueous solution. reacts selectively giving dechlorinated phenolate aqueous raney minutes aliquat isooctane molar aliquat aliquat promotes polychlorinated anion. localization ionic

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54025433

10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.11.015

International audienceThe morpho-sedimentary evolution of the Choisille floodplain (lowland river, catchment: 288 km2), a tributary of the River Loire in the south-western Parisian Basin, was studied through 61 core drillings along eight transects and a geophysical survey located in four stretches of the river: stretches A and B correspond to two sub-catchments, and stretches C and D are in the main valley. Sixty 14C and four OSL datings were obtained, and sediments were analysed on seven reference cores. Eight phases of evolution differing markedly from the evolution of more northern areas in the Parisian Basin and north-western Europe were identified from spatio-temporal distribution of nine lithological facies. The deepest incision phase (1) occurred during the first part of the Weichselian, followed by the deposition of a gravelly-sandy unit (phase 2) during the Middle Pleniglacial, which was deeply incised (phase 3), probably during the Bölling. From the Allerød up to the last third of the Boreal (phase 4), sedimentation was continuously dominated by peaty deposits, with no evidence of either increased hydraulic energy during the Younger Dryas, or of incision during the LateGlacial–Holocene transition. This trend seems to reflect the specificity of the south-western Parisian Basin climate from the Late Weichselian up to the end of the Boreal, due to the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, compared to more northern areas where the climate was more continental. The downstream incision trend during the last third of the Boreal up to the Subatlantic (phases 5 and 6) indicates a sharp increase in precipitation and vegetation cover; the lack of peaty sediments, widespread in north-western Europe, and also of precipitated carbonates frequent in the Parisian Basin, seems to be due to local physiographic characteristics. The main part of the sediment filling, which is principally silty and retrograde, began during the Subatlantic (phase 7 and 8) as a result of deforestation of the plateaux for crop farming. High human-induced sediment yield and storage concealed the possible impacts of climate change on fluvial dynamics: lithological facies change from phase 7 to 8 can only indicate the autogenic morphological evolution of the floodplain in accretion. The non-univocal upstream–downstream variation in the start of phase 7 shows that sediment yield varied in space and time in the catchment, particularly in relation to the agricultural potential of the different areas; this observation could be used to testify human-induced sedimentation in other catchments

Spatio-temporal evolution of the Choisille River (southern Parisian Basin, France) during the Weichselian and the Holocene as a record of climate trend and human activity in north-western Europe

spatio-temporal evolution of the choisille river (southern parisian basin, france) during the weichselian and the holocene as a record of climate trend and human activity in north-western europe

audiencethe morpho sedimentary choisille floodplain lowland river catchment tributary river loire parisian basin drillings eight transects geophysical stretches river stretches catchments stretches valley. sixty datings sediments analysed seven cores. eight differing markedly northern parisian basin europe spatio nine lithological facies. deepest incision occurred weichselian deposition gravelly sandy pleniglacial deeply incised probably bölling. allerød boreal sedimentation continuously dominated peaty deposits hydraulic younger dryas incision lateglacial–holocene transition. reflect specificity parisian basin weichselian boreal atlantic ocean northern continental. downstream incision boreal subatlantic sharp precipitation vegetation cover peaty sediments widespread europe precipitated carbonates frequent parisian basin physiographic characteristics. sediment filling principally silty retrograde began subatlantic deforestation plateaux crop farming. sediment storage concealed impacts fluvial lithological facies autogenic morphological floodplain accretion. univocal upstream–downstream sediment varied catchment agricultural testify sedimentation catchments

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54026635

10.1016/j.catena.2008.10.003

International audienceBrazilian Latosols are characterized by low activity clay, little horizon differentiation, a weak macrostructure and a strong microgranular structure. The development of the latter that was reported as being possibly related to the fine material mineralogy, location in the landscape, parental material and biological activity is still under discussion. The aim of this study is to discuss the origin of the microgranular structure of Latosols located in the Brazilian Central Plateau. Ten Latosols (L) developed in different parent materials were selected along an approximately 350-km long regional toposequence across the South American Surface (SAS) (L1 to L4) and Velhas Surface (VS) (L5 to L10). The structure of the Latosols was studied in the field and samples of the diagnostic Bw horizons were collected for laboratory analyses. Basic soil characterization was performed on the <2-mm material according to the Brazilian standard procedures. The SiO2, AL2O3, Fe2O3 and TiO2 content was determined after dissolution with 1:1 H2SO4. The microstructure was studied in optical microscopy and electron scanning electron microscopy in thin sections. The results showed a varying compound strong microgranular structure and weak to moderate medium sub-angular blocky structure independently of the landscape position as well as the parental material, except for the Latosol developed on a quartzite. The Latosols were classified as gibbsitic-sexquioxic, kaolinitic non-sesquioxid, or kaolinitic-sesquioxid Latosols but there was no relationship between their composition and the development of the microgranular structure in the Bw horizon. The analyses showed indeed several types of microgranular structure with different proportions but without any relationship with their texture and mineralogy. Actually, the types of microgranular structure appeared to be mainly related to soil bioturbation by termites and eventually secondarily by ants. Thus, the weak macrostructure and strong microgranular structure of the Latosols studied, the little vertical differentiation of the horizons, and the lack of a clear relationship between their landscape position and parent material characteristics would result from long-term biotic action with high probability

Development and origin of the microgranular structure in Latosols of the Brazilian Central Plateau: significance of texture, mineralogy, and biological activity

development and origin of the microgranular structure in latosols of the brazilian central plateau: significance of texture, mineralogy, and biological activity

audiencebrazilian latosols clay horizon macrostructure microgranular structure. possibly fine mineralogy landscape parental discussion. microgranular latosols brazilian plateau. latosols parent toposequence velhas latosols diagnostic horizons analyses. brazilian procedures. dissolution microstructure microscopy scanning microscopy sections. compound microgranular moderate blocky independently landscape parental latosol quartzite. latosols classified gibbsitic sexquioxic kaolinitic sesquioxid kaolinitic sesquioxid latosols microgranular horizon. microgranular proportions texture mineralogy. microgranular appeared bioturbation termites eventually secondarily ants. macrostructure microgranular latosols horizons landscape parent biotic

exact_dup

59036035

10.1016/j.elecom.2005.03.006

An explicit approximate expression for half-wave potentials of irreversible steady-state current-voltage curves at a microdisk electrode was derived from the diffusion equation and the Butler-Volmer equation on the basis of the previous analytical method (J. E. C., 235 (1987) 87). The plot of the half-wave potential, E1/2, against ln(1-exp(-(E1/2- Eo))F/RT)] showed a linear relation with the slope of RT/αF, irrespective of the values of the kinetic parameters, where a is the radius of the electrode and α is the transfer coefficient. Values on the both axis in this plot are readily accessible from the voltammograms. The intercept gave the rate constant. Values of kinetic parameters obtained from the disk model were very close to those from the hemisphere model although there is big difference in current distribution on the two model electrodes

Evaluation technique of kinetic parameters for irreversible charge transfer reactions from steady-state voltammograms at microdisk electrodes

evaluation technique of kinetic parameters for irreversible charge transfer reactions from steady-state voltammograms at microdisk electrodes

approximate potentials irreversible steady microdisk electrode butler volmer irrespective electrode coefficient. readily accessible voltammograms. intercept gave constant. hemisphere electrodes

exact_dup

59263743

10.1063/1.4861184

Electrical properties of the C60(OH)10/Au contact have been studied by measuring its current-voltage characteristics in the temperature range of 300–500 K. The Schottky barrier of the C60(OH)10/Au contact was confirmed to be 0.70±0.020.70±0.02 eV from Arrhenius plots of the current-voltage characteristics measured at various bias voltages as well as various preparation conditions of the C60(OH)10 material. Significant effect of the applied electric field on the barrier height has not been observed in the range of 0.1–2.0 MVm−10.1–2.0 MVm−1. The effects of both the charge transfer from C60 cage to OH groups and the crystallinity of the C60(OH)10 material on the Schottky barrier were discussed on the basis of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction analyses

Electrical properties of fullerenol C60(OH)10/Au interface

electrical properties of fullerenol c60(oh)10/au interface

electrical measuring schottky barrier confirmed arrhenius plots voltages preparation material. barrier mvm− mvm− cage crystallinity schottky barrier photoemission spectroscopy diffraction

exact_dup

61344114

10.1016/j.nima.2006.02.189

The performance of connected GSO (Gd2SiO5:Ce) bars was investigated using a proton beam of 0.6 – 1.0 GeV/c. Single crystals of 20 cm-long GSO with different Ce concentrations (1.5 mol%, 0.5 mol%) and cross sections (1 cm × 1 cm , 2 cm × 2 cm) were prepared. Long GSO bars were constructed by connecting two crystals of the same type with or without a 10 cm-long plastic scintillator between the crystals. The position dependences of the pulse height, energy resolution and time resolution were investigated. At a typical proton momentum, 1.0 GeV/c, the best energy resolution was 4.8% for 2 cm × 2 cm × 20 cm GSO crystals doped with 0.5 mol% Ce due to the larger light yield, and the best position resolution was 0.55 cm for 1.5 mol% Ce due to the shorter attenuation length

Performance of connected GSO bars

performance of connected gso bars

proton crystals prepared. connecting crystals plastic scintillator crystals. dependences investigated. proton crystals doped shorter attenuation

exact_dup

71027419

10.1103/PhysRevD.86.072004

Distributions sensitive to the underlying event are studied in events containing one or more chargedparticle jets produced in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These measurements reflect 800 μb(-1) of data taken during 2010. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-k(t) algorithm with radius parameter R varying between 0.2 and 1.0. Distributions of the charged-particle multiplicity, the scalar sum of the transverse momentum of charged particles, and the average charged-particle p(T) are measured as functions of p(T)(jet) in regions transverse to and opposite the leading jet for 4 GeV < p(T)(jet) < 100 GeV. In addition, the R dependence of the mean values of these observables is studied. In the transverse region, both the multiplicity and the scalar sum of the transverse momentum at fixed p(T)(jet) vary significantly with R, while the average charged- particle transverse momentum has a minimal dependence on R. Predictions from several Monte Carlo tunes have been compared to the data; the predictions from Pythia 6, based on tunes that have been determined using LHC data, show reasonable agreement with the data, including the dependence on R. Comparisons with other generators indicate that additional tuning of soft-QCD parameters is necessary for these generators. The measurements presented here provide a testing ground for further development of the Monte Carlo models

Underlying event characteristics and their dependence on jet size of charged-particle jet events in pp collisions at root(s)=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

underlying event characteristics and their dependence on jet size of charged-particle jet events in pp collisions at root(s)=7 tev with the atlas detector

chargedparticle jets collisions atlas hadron collider reflect jets reconstructed multiplicity opposite gev. observables studied. multiplicity vary monte carlo tunes pythia tunes reasonable comparisons generators tuning generators. monte carlo

exact_dup

77222298

10.1007/978-3-319-38980-6_6

Although there are various kinds of processes designed to manage the complexities of software development, it is still a challenging endeavor. Recently, a significant number of researchers have started to investigate social problems such as incompatibilities with respect to personality that is likely to be encountered in all stages of the software development process. However, there is no computer-based artifact to reveal the personality types of software practitioners. To bridge this gap, a virtual 3D assessment environment is developed with the ability to immerse individuals similar to a realistic model of the assessment. The interactive questionnaire is based on previous interactive personality assessment framework, which was specifically designed for software engineers. Based on the developed tool, a study was conducted on software practitioners. The data gathered via a survey study from software practitioners is analyzed to observe the difference between the results of paper-based and interactive versions of the same assessment. The analysis of this research states that there is a significant difference between the results of participant’s survey scores. Overall, these results indicate that proposed tool is relevant to help software professionals to improve the software development process when personality types are in consideration

A gamification approach to improve the software development process by exploring the personality of software practitioners

a gamification approach to improve the software development process by exploring the personality of software practitioners

kinds manage complexities challenging endeavor. researchers started incompatibilities personality encountered process. artifact reveal personality practitioners. bridge virtual immerse realistic assessment. interactive questionnaire interactive personality engineers. practitioners. gathered practitioners interactive versions assessment. participant’s scores. professionals personality consideration

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78077277

10.1007/978-3-319-14803-8_2

Attila Egri-Nagy, Chrystopher L Nehaniv, "Computational Understanding and Manipulation of Symmetries", in Chalup S. K., Blair A. D., Randall M. (Eds) Artificial Life and Computational Intelligence ACALCI, First Australasian Conference, Newcastle, NSW, Australia, February 5-7 2015, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 8955, 2015 ?? Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 Final, published version of this paper is available online via doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-14803-8_2For natural and artificial systems with some symmetry structure, computational understanding and manipulation can be achieved without learning by exploiting the algebraic structure. This algebraic coordinatization is based on a hierarchical (de)composition method. Here we describe this method and apply it to permutation puzzles. Coordinatization yields a structural understanding, not just solutions for the puzzles. In the case of the Rubik???s Cubes, different solving strategies correspond to different decompositions

Computational understanding and manipulation of symmetries

computational understanding and manipulation of symmetries

attila egri nagy chrystopher nehaniv manipulation symmetries chalup blair randall artificial intelligence acalci australasian newcastle australia february springer publishing switzerland artificial manipulation exploiting algebraic structure. algebraic coordinatization hierarchical method. permutation puzzles. coordinatization puzzles. rubik cubes solving decompositions

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82608951

10.1016/j.jmoldx.2016.07.003

The use of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a biomarker in transplant recipients offers advantages over invasive tissue biopsy as a quantitative measure for detection of transplant rejection and immunosuppression optimization. However, the fraction of donor-derived cfDNA (dd-cfDNA) in transplant recipient plasma is low and challenging to quantify. Previously reported methods to measure dd-cfDNA require donor and recipient genotyping, which is impractical in clinical settings and adds cost. We developed a targeted next-generation sequencing assay that uses 266 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to accurately quantify dd-cfDNA in transplant recipients without separate genotyping. Analytical performance of the assay was characterized and validated using 1117 samples comprising the National Institute for Standards and Technology Genome in a Bottle human reference genome, independently validated reference materials, and clinical samples. The assay quantifies the fraction of dd-cfDNA in both unrelated and related donor-recipient pairs. The dd-cfDNA assay can reliably measure dd-cfDNA (limit of blank, 0.10%; limit of detection, 0.16%; limit of quantification, 0.20%) across the linear quantifiable range (0.2% to 16%) with across-run CVs of 6.8%. Precision was also evaluated for independently processed clinical sample replicates and is similar to across-run precision. Application of the assay to clinical samples from heart transplant recipients demonstrated increased levels of dd-cfDNA in patients with biopsy-confirmed rejection and decreased levels of dd-cfDNA after successful rejection treatment. This noninvasive clinical-grade sequencing assay can be completed within 3 days, providing the practical turnaround time preferred for transplanted organ surveillance

Validation of a Clinical-Grade Assay to Measure Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

validation of a clinical-grade assay to measure donor-derived cell-free dna in solid organ transplant recipients

circulating cfdna biomarker transplant recipients offers advantages invasive biopsy transplant rejection immunosuppression optimization. donor cfdna cfdna transplant recipient challenging quantify. cfdna donor recipient genotyping impractical settings adds cost. targeted sequencing nucleotide polymorphisms accurately quantify cfdna transplant recipients genotyping. validated comprising standards bottle independently validated samples. quantifies cfdna unrelated donor recipient pairs. cfdna reliably cfdna blank quantification quantifiable precision independently processed replicates precision. transplant recipients cfdna biopsy confirmed rejection cfdna successful rejection treatment. noninvasive grade sequencing completed practical turnaround preferred transplanted organ surveillance

exact_dup

83234977

10.1016/j.drudis.2015.12.004

We extend the megafund concept for funding drug discovery to enable dynamic leverage in which the portfolio of candidate therapeutic assets is predominantly financed initially by equity, and debt is introduced gradually as assets mature and begin generating cash flows. Leverage is adjusted so as to maintain an approximately constant level of default risk throughout the life of the fund. Numerical simulations show that applying dynamic leverage to a small portfolio of orphan drug candidates can boost the return on equity almost twofold compared with securitization with a static capital structure. Dynamic leverage can also add significant value to comparable all-equity-financed portfolios, enhancing the return on equity without jeopardizing debt performance or increasing risk to equity investors

Financing drug discovery via dynamic leverage

financing drug discovery via dynamic leverage

extend megafund funding discovery enable leverage portfolio candidate therapeutic assets predominantly financed initially equity debt gradually assets mature begin generating cash flows. leverage adjusted maintain default fund. leverage portfolio orphan candidates boost return equity twofold securitization capital structure. leverage comparable equity financed portfolios enhancing return equity jeopardizing debt equity investors

exact_dup

11309167

10.1016/j.compbiomed.2009.06.003

The characterisation of epileptic seizures assists in the design of targeted pharmaceutical seizure prevention techniques\ud and pre-surgical evaluations. In this paper, we expand on recent use of multivariate techniques to study the crosscorrelation\ud dynamics between electroencephalographic (EEG) channels. The Maximum Overlap Discrete Wavelet\ud Transform (MODWT) is applied in order to separate the EEG channels into their underlying frequencies. The\ud dynamics of the cross-correlation matrix between channels, at each frequency, are then analysed in terms of the\ud eigenspectrum. By examination of the eigenspectrum, we show that it is possible to identify frequency dependent\ud changes in the correlation structure between channels which may be indicative of seizure activity.\ud The technique is applied to EEG epileptiform data and the results indicate that the correlation dynamics vary over\ud time and frequency, with larger correlations between channels at high frequencies. Additionally, a redistribution of wavelet energy is found, with increased fractional energy demonstrating the relative importance of high frequencies\ud during seizures. Dynamical changes also occur in both correlation and energy at lower frequencies during seizures,\ud suggesting that monitoring frequency dependent correlation structure can characterise changes in EEG signals during\ud these. Future work will involve the study of other large eigenvalues and inter-frequency correlations to determine\ud additional seizure characteristics

Seizure characterisation using frequency-dependent multivariate dynamics

seizure characterisation using frequency-dependent multivariate dynamics

characterisation epileptic seizures assists targeted pharmaceutical seizure prevention surgical evaluations. expand multivariate crosscorrelation electroencephalographic channels. overlap wavelet transform modwt frequencies. analysed eigenspectrum. examination eigenspectrum indicative seizure activity. epileptiform vary frequencies. additionally redistribution wavelet fractional demonstrating seizures. seizures characterise these. involve eigenvalues seizure

exact_dup

11309754

10.1103/PhysRevA.68.052712

We present the absolute photoionization cross section of doubly ionized silicon as a function of photon energy. These were obtained by merging a Si2+ ion beam generated in an electron cyclotron resonance source with monochromatized synchrotron radiation from an undulator. The photoion yield measurements were carried out in the photon energy range between 95 eV and 170 eV, i.e., the region corresponding to the excitation followed by the ionization (threshold ∼133.8eV) of an inner-subshell 2p electron. Resonance structure due to 2p excitation in the 2p63s3p3P metastable state was also observed with its contribution to the total cross section not exceeding 3%. Calculation of the 2p photoionization continuum cross section as a function of photon energy was carried out using the relativistic random-phase approximation (RRPA) and agreed very well with the corresponding measurements. The resonance structure in the 3s cross section below the 2p threshold was found to be in good agreement with the multiconfiguration atomic structure calculations of Sayyad et al. [J. Phys. B 28, 1715 (1995)], while the corresponding RRPA-RMQDT (relativistic multi-channel quantum-defect theory) calculations proved less successful

Absolute photoionization cross sections and resonance structure of doubly ionized silicon in the region of the 2p-1 threshold: experiment and theory

absolute photoionization cross sections and resonance structure of doubly ionized silicon in the region of the 2p-1 threshold: experiment and theory

photoionization doubly ionized silicon energy. merging cyclotron monochromatized synchrotron undulator. photoion i.e. ionization subshell electron. metastable exceeding photoionization continuum relativistic rrpa agreed measurements. multiconfiguration sayyad phys. rrpa rmqdt relativistic defect proved successful

exact_dup

11993170

10.1016/j.physe.2009.11.017

In this paper we analyze the influence of the Rashba spin–orbit coupling on the quantum Hall\ud magnetoresistivity in a two-dimensional electron system (2DES). The study is based on an analytical\ud model for the integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) and the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) phenomena. This\ud model shows the behaviour of the Hall magnetoresistivity when the Rashba parameter is varied, and\ud reproduces Hall plateaux of a 2DES confined in a III–V heterostructure. We also discuss the Rashba and\ud Zeeman competition and its effect on the width of the Hall magnetoresistivity plateaux

Rashba spin–orbit coupling effect on the quantum Hall magnetoresistivity

rashba spin–orbit coupling effect on the quantum hall magnetoresistivity

analyze rashba spin–orbit hall magnetoresistivity integer hall iqhe shubnikov haas phenomena. hall magnetoresistivity rashba varied reproduces hall plateaux confined iii–v heterostructure. rashba zeeman competition hall magnetoresistivity plateaux

exact_dup

11997854

10.1007/s11270-011-0882-x

Arsenic and heavy metal (specifically Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) uptake, translocation, and accumulation in ten native plant species spontaneously growing in soils polluted by mining activities were studied, with a focus on future phytoremediation work in polluted soils. Plant and soil samples were collected in the vicinity of the Mónica mine (NW Madrid, Spain). Soil analysis showed the ability of native plants for growing in soils with high concentration levels of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and especially As. From these elements, the highest percentage of extractable elements was found for Cd and the lowest for Pb. A highly significant correlation was observed between total and extractable element concentrations in soils, except for Cu, indicating that total concentration is the most relevant factor for element mobility in these soils. Extractable elements in soils were better correlated with concentrations in plants than total elements in soils; thus, extraction methods applied are suitable to estimate the element phytoavailable fraction in soils, which depends on the plant species and not only on the element mobility in soils. High element concentrations were found in the aboveground parts of Corrigiola telephiifolia (As and Pb), Jasione montana (Cd and Zn), and Digitalis thapsi (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn). However, considering the translocation and accumulation factors, together with the concentration levels found in roots and aboveground parts, only C. telephiifolia could be considered a Pb accumulator and an As hyperaccumulator plant, which could be used for future phytoremediation work in soils polluted with As

Arsenic and heavy metal uptake and accumulation in native plant species from soils polluted by mining activities

arsenic and heavy metal uptake and accumulation in native plant species from soils polluted by mining activities

arsenic uptake translocation accumulation native spontaneously growing soils polluted mining phytoremediation polluted soils. vicinity mónica mine madrid spain native growing soils extractable extractable soils mobility soils. extractable soils soils extraction phytoavailable soils mobility soils. aboveground corrigiola telephiifolia jasione montana digitalis thapsi translocation accumulation roots aboveground telephiifolia accumulator hyperaccumulator phytoremediation soils polluted

exact_dup

11999029

10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.185

The transport properties of thin-film solar cells based on wide-gap CuGaSe(2) absorbers have been investigated as a function of the bulk [Ga]/[Cu] ratio ranging from 1.01 to 1.33. We find that (i) the recombination processes in devices prepared from absorbers with a composition close to stoichiometry ([Ga]/[Cu] = 1.01) are strongly tunnelling assisted resulting in low recombination activation energies (E(a)) of approx. 0.95 eV in the dark and 1.36 eV under illumination. (ii) With an increasing [Ga]/[Cu] ratio, the transport mechanism changes to be dominated by thermally activated Shockley-Read-Hall recombination with similar E(a) values of approx. 1.52-1.57 eV for bulk [Ga]/[Cu] ratios of 1.12-1.33. The dominant recombination processes take place at the interface between CdS buffer and CuGaSe(2) absorber independently from the absorber composition. The increase of E(a) with the [Ga]/[Cu] ratio correlates with the open circuit voltage and explains the better performance of corresponding solar cells

Transport properties of CuGaSe(2)-based thin-film solar cells as a function of absorber composition

transport properties of cugase(2)-based thin-film solar cells as a function of absorber composition

film cugase absorbers ranging recombination devices absorbers stoichiometry tunnelling assisted recombination approx. illumination. dominated thermally shockley read hall recombination approx. recombination cugase absorber independently absorber composition. correlates circuit explains

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12025305

10.1007/s00191-010-0179-z

Why are humans so vulnerable to pain in interpersonal relations and can so easily hurt others physically and emotionally? We theoretically examine whether being offensively strong but defensively weak can evolve as a strategic trait that fosters cooperation. We study a population comprised of "thick-skinned" and "thin-skinned" agents by using an indirect evolution model that combines rational choice in strategic interactions with evolutionary selection across generations. We find that (a) the relatively vulnerable and cooperative thin-skins cannot evolve under purely random matching, (b) with some assortment thin-skins evolve and can take over the entire population, (c) vulnerability to greater pain makes it easier for thin-skins to evolve, and (d) proximate pain which merely feels bad but does not lower fitness helps thin-skins evolve even more than pain which accurately reflects fitness consequences. We draw contrast with the Hawk-Dove model and identify several ways in which rationality hinders the evolution of the relatively vulnerable and peaceful type of agent.

Evolution of vulnerability to pain in interpersonal relations as a strategic trait aiding cooperation

evolution of vulnerability to pain in interpersonal relations as a strategic trait aiding cooperation

humans vulnerable interpersonal hurt physically emotionally theoretically examine offensively defensively evolve strategic trait fosters cooperation. comprised thick skinned skinned indirect combines rational strategic evolutionary generations. vulnerable cooperative skins evolve purely matching assortment skins evolve vulnerability easier skins evolve proximate merely feels fitness helps skins evolve accurately reflects fitness consequences. draw hawk dove ways rationality hinders vulnerable peaceful agent.

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132345334

10.1016/j.cam.2016.08.037

In this paper a numerical procedure to generate approximations to periodic traveling wave profiles of some nonlinear dispersive wave systems is introduced. The method is based on a suitable modification of a fixed point algorithm of Petviashvili type and solves several drawbacks of some previous algorithms presented in the literature. By way of illustration, the method is applied to generate numerically periodic traveling waves of two problems of interest: the fractional KdV type equations and the extended Boussinesq system.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad /FEDER (MTM2015-66330-P)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MTM2014-54710-P

Numerical generation of periodic traveling wave solutions of some nonlinear dispersive wave systems.

numerical generation of periodic traveling wave solutions of some nonlinear dispersive wave systems.

approximations traveling dispersive introduced. modification petviashvili solves drawbacks literature. illustration numerically traveling fractional boussinesq system.ministerio economía industria competitividad feder ministerio economía industria competitividad

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143692344

10.1016/j.tsf.2011.11.049

The authors would like to thank the Regional Council of Burgundy, France for its funding and Michael Walock for his help in English revisionsThe aim of this study is to compare the properties of CrAlN coatings obtained by magnetron sputtering with one (CrAl) or two targets (Cr and Al). The influence of parameters such as the target bias voltage, the working pressure, the deposition time and the bias voltage applied on the Cr or Al targets on the properties of the layers was studied. We characterized the films by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, nanoindentation and their residual stresses were also determined. The optimal films obtained with both methods are well crystallized, well-adherent to the substrate, and contained similar amounts of Al (20–30 at.%). The optimal coatings synthesized with one target presented properties not as good as those realized with two targets. Nevertheless, films made with one target showed a lower frictional coefficient probably due to composition control. The lack of compositional control with the use of one target limits the optimization process. With two targets, we have greater control over the film composition. This leads to higher hardness, lower stresses, and improved Young's modulus over films produced with a single CrAl target. Additionally, the morphologies are different (columnar with CrAl and dense with Cr and Al). To conclude, it seems more justified to work if possible with two independent targets.Regional Council of Burgund

Comparison of CrAlN layers obtained with one (CrAl) or two targets (Cr and Al) by magnetron sputtering

comparison of craln layers obtained with one (cral) or two targets (cr and al) by magnetron sputtering

council burgundy funding michael walock english revisionsthe craln coatings magnetron sputtering cral targets deposition targets studied. films diffraction scanning microscopy dispersive spectroscopy nanoindentation residual stresses determined. films crystallized adherent amounts coatings synthesized realized targets. nevertheless films frictional probably control. compositional process. targets film composition. hardness stresses modulus films cral target. additionally morphologies columnar cral dense justified targets.regional council burgund

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144012879

10.1002/ejic.200600309

The reduced Schiff bases of salicylaldehyde [and o-vanillin (o-van)] with D,L- and L-diaminopropionic acid (DPA), designated by salDPA, and L-2,4-diaminopentanoic acid [ornithine (Orn)], designated by salOrn, as well as the VIVO2+ and VVO2+ complexes of salDPA were prepared. The compounds were characterised in the solid state and in solution. The structure of H4salDPA+Cl- was determined by X-ray diffraction. Complexation of VIVO2+ and VVO2+ with salDPA and salOrn (only the VIVO system) in aqueous solution was studied by potentiometry, UV/Visible spectroscopy and circular dichroism, as well as by EPR spectroscopy for the VIVO-salDPA system and by 1H- and 51V NMR spectroscopy for the VVO2-salDPA system. Stoichiometries and complex formation constants were determined by potentiometry at 25 °C and I = 0.2 M KCl. Practically only 1:1 complexes were formed in both systems with composition (VO)LH2 and(VO)L in the VIVO-salDPA system, and with composition(VO2)LH and (VO2)L in the VVO2-salDPA system. Spectroscopic data provided information about the most probable binding modes of each stoichiometry. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.20060030

Vanadium (IV and V) Complexes of Reduced Schiff Bases Derived from the Reaction of Aromatic o -Hydroxyaldehydes and Diamines Containing Carboxyl Groups

vanadium (iv and v) complexes of reduced schiff bases derived from the reaction of aromatic o -hydroxyaldehydes and diamines containing carboxyl groups

schiff bases salicylaldehyde vanillin diaminopropionic designated saldpa diaminopentanoic ornithine designated salorn complexes saldpa prepared. characterised solution. saldpa diffraction. complexation saldpa salorn aqueous potentiometry visible spectroscopy circular dichroism spectroscopy saldpa spectroscopy saldpa system. stoichiometries potentiometry kcl. practically complexes saldpa saldpa system. spectroscopic probable stoichiometry. wiley verlag gmbh kgaa weinheim ejic.

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147566741

10.1038/s41598-018-19472-1

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for marine microbial organisms, and low supply controls productivity in large parts of the world’s ocean. The high latitude North Atlantic is seasonally Fe limited, but Fe distributions and source strengths are poorly constrained. Surface ocean dissolved Fe (DFe) concentrations were low in the study region (<0.1 nM) in summer 2010, with significant perturbations during spring 2010 in the Iceland Basin as a result of an eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano (up to 2.5 nM DFe near Iceland) with biogeochemical consequences. Deep water concentrations in the vicinity of the Reykjanes Ridge system were influenced by pronounced sediment resuspension, with indications for additional inputs by hydrothermal vents, with subsequent lateral transport of Fe and manganese plumes of up to 250–300 km. Particulate Fe formed the dominant pool, as evidenced by 4–17 fold higher total dissolvable Fe compared with DFe concentrations, and a dynamic exchange between the fractions appeared to buffer deep water DFe. Here we show that Fe supply associated with deep winter mixing (up to 103 nmol m−2 d−1) was at least ca. 4–10 times higher than atmospheric deposition, diffusive fluxes at the base of the summer mixed layer, and horizontal surface ocean fluxes

Iron Biogeochemistry in the High Latitude North Atlantic Ocean

iron biogeochemistry in the high latitude north atlantic ocean

iron micronutrient marine microbial organisms supply productivity world’s ocean. latitude atlantic seasonally strengths poorly constrained. ocean dissolved summer perturbations spring iceland basin eruption eyjafjallajökull volcano iceland biogeochemical consequences. vicinity reykjanes ridge influenced pronounced sediment resuspension indications inputs hydrothermal vents lateral manganese plumes particulate pool evidenced dissolvable fractions appeared dfe. supply winter nmol deposition diffusive fluxes summer ocean fluxes

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147600334

10.1007/s12289-010-0891-0

In this work the affects of laser characteristics on microstructure and microhardness of high velocity oxygen fuel sprayed (HVOF) WC–CoCr coatings were investigated. The coating was deposited with a Sulzer Metco WokaJet™-400 kerosene fuel and the laser surface treatments were applied using CO2 laser with 10.6 μm wavelength. Large variations in surface properties were produced from variation in the laser processing parameters. In total, four levels of peak power (100, 200, 300 and 350 W), four levels of spot diameter (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1 mm) and three levels of pulse repetition frequency (PRF) were investigated. An initial set of tests were followed by a more detailed 33 factorial design of experiments. Pulse repetition frequency and duty cycle were set in order to maintain the same overlap in the x and y directions for the raster scanned sample spot impact dimensions. Overlaps of 30% were used in the initial tests and 10% in the more detailed trials. The results have shown that care must be taken to keep the irradiance at a relatively low level compared to uncoated surfaces. High irradiance can in this case result in rough and porous surfaces. Lower levels of irradiance are shown to provide more uniform microstructures, reduced porosity and increased microhardness

Surface modification of HVOF thermal sprayed WC–CoCr coatings by laser treatment

surface modification of hvof thermal sprayed wc–cocr coatings by laser treatment

affects microstructure microhardness fuel sprayed hvof wc–cocr coatings investigated. coating deposited sulzer metco wokajet™ kerosene fuel treatments wavelength. parameters. spot repetition investigated. factorial experiments. repetition duty maintain overlap directions raster scanned spot dimensions. overlaps trials. keep irradiance uncoated surfaces. irradiance rough porous surfaces. irradiance microstructures porosity microhardness

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147609029

10.1016/j.tsf.2015.12.056

A copper-aluminium (CuAl) alloy (90% : 10% wt) has been investigated in relation to segregation of the alloying element Al, from the alloy bulk during vacuum anneal treatments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were used to track the surface enrichment of Al segregating from the alloy bulk during in situ ultra-high vacuum anneals. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) indicates a build-up of Al at the surface of the annealed alloy relative to the bulk composition. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) CuAl/ SiO2/Si structures show a shift in flatband voltage upon thermal anneal consistent with the segregation of the Al to the alloy/SiO2 interface. Electrical four point probe measurements indicates that the segregation of Al from the alloy bulk following thermal annealing results in a decrease in film resistivity. X-ray diffraction data shows evidence for significant changes in crystal structure upon annealing, providing further evidence for expulsion of Al from the alloy bulk

Chemical and electrical characterisation of the segregation of Al from a CuAl alloy (90%:10% wt) with thermal anneal

chemical and electrical characterisation of the segregation of al from a cual alloy (90%:10% wt) with thermal anneal

copper aluminium cual alloy segregation alloying alloy anneal treatments. photoelectron spectroscopy track enrichment segregating alloy situ ultra anneals. spectroscopy sims build annealed alloy composition. oxide semiconductor cual flatband anneal segregation alloy interface. electrical segregation alloy annealing film resistivity. diffraction annealing expulsion alloy

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148349540

10.1016/j.shpsa.2011.07.002

This paper examines James Conant’s pragmatic theory of science – a theory that has been neglected by most commentators on the history of 20th-century philosophy of science – and it argues that this theory occupied an important place in Conant’s strategic thinking about the Cold War. Conant drew upon his wartime science policy work, the history of science, and Quine’s epistemological holism to argue that there is no strict distinction between science and technology, that there is no such thing as “the scientific method,” and that theories are better interpreted as policies rather than creeds. An important consequence that he drew from these arguments is that science is both a thoroughly value-laden, and an intrinsically social, enterprise. These results led him to develop novel proposals for reorganizing scientific and technological research – proposals that he believed could help to win the Cold War. Interestingly, the Cold War had a different impact upon Conant’s thinking than it did upon many other theorists of science in postwar America. Instead of leading him to “the icy slopes of logic,” it led him to develop a socially- and politically-engaged theory that was explicitly in the service of the American Cold War effort

Putting Pragmatism to Work in the Cold War: Science, Technology, and Politics in the Writings of James B. Conant

putting pragmatism to work in the cold war: science, technology, and politics in the writings of james b. conant

examines james conant’s pragmatic neglected commentators century philosophy argues occupied conant’s strategic thinking cold war. conant drew wartime quine’s epistemological holism argue strict distinction thing “the interpreted policies creeds. drew arguments thoroughly laden intrinsically enterprise. proposals reorganizing technological proposals believed cold war. interestingly cold conant’s thinking theorists postwar america. “the slopes logic socially politically engaged explicitly cold effort

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148653241

10.1016/j.nimb.2007.12.096

Multilayer structures with five periods of amorphous SiGe nanoparticles/SiO2 layers with different thickness were deposited by Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition and annealed to crystallize the SiGe nanoparticles. The use of grazing incidence RBS was necessary to obtain sufficient depth resolution to separate the signals arising from the individual layers only a few nm thick. The average size and areal density of the embedded SiGe nanoparticles as well as the oxide interlayer thickness were determined from the RBS spectra. Details of eventual composition changes and diffusion processes caused by the annealing processes were also studied. Transmission Electron Microscopy was used to obtain complementary information on the structural parameters of the samples in order to check the information yielded by RBS. The study revealed that annealing at 900 °C for 60 s, enough to crystallize the SiGe nanoparticles, leaves the structure unaltered if the interlayer thickness is around 15 nm or higher

Combined grazing incidence RBS and TEM analysis of luminescent nano-SiGe/SiO2 multilayers.

combined grazing incidence rbs and tem analysis of luminescent nano-sige/sio2 multilayers.

multilayer amorphous sige nanoparticles deposited vapor deposition annealed crystallize sige nanoparticles. grazing incidence arising thick. areal embedded sige nanoparticles oxide interlayer spectra. eventual annealing studied. microscopy complementary check yielded rbs. annealing crystallize sige nanoparticles leaves unaltered interlayer

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148656884

10.1002/fld.2220/abstract

A high-order computational tool based on spectral and spectral/hp elements (J. Fluid. Mech. 2009; to appear) discretizations is employed for the analysis of BiGlobal fluid instability problems. Unlike other implementations of this type, which use a time-stepping-based formulation (J. Comput. Phys. 1994; 110(1):82–102; J. Fluid Mech. 1996; 322:215–241), a formulation is considered here in which the discretized matrix is constructed and stored prior to applying an iterative shift-and-invert Arnoldi algorithm for the solution of the generalized eigenvalue problem. In contrast to the time-stepping-based formulations, the matrix-based approach permits searching anywhere in the eigenspace using shifting. Hybrid and fully unstructured meshes are used in conjunction with the spatial discretization. This permits analysis of flow instability on arbitrarily complex 2-D geometries, homogeneous in the third spatial direction and allows both mesh (h)-refinement as well as polynomial (p)-refinement. A series of validation cases has been defined, using well-known stability results in confined geometries. In addition new results are presented for ducts of curvilinear cross-sections with rounded corners

High-order methods for the numerical solution of the BiGlobal linear stability eigenvalue problem in complex geometries.

high-order methods for the numerical solution of the biglobal linear stability eigenvalue problem in complex geometries.

fluid. mech. discretizations biglobal instability problems. unlike implementations stepping formulation comput. phys. mech. formulation discretized stored iterative invert arnoldi eigenvalue problem. stepping formulations permits searching anywhere eigenspace shifting. hybrid unstructured meshes conjunction discretization. permits instability arbitrarily geometries homogeneous mesh refinement refinement. validation confined geometries. ducts curvilinear rounded corners

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148657542

10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.106

The efficiency of manure separation by a conveyor belt under a partially slatted floor for fattening pigs was determined for two types of belts, a flat belt with an incline of up to 6° transversely and a concave belt with an incline of up to 1° longitudinally. A 31.20% and 23.75% dry matter content of the solid fraction was obtained for the flat and concave belt, respectively. The flat belt was more efficient at 6° than other slope angles. The residence time of the manure on the two belt types influenced the separation efficiency from a live weight of 63.00 kg upwards. The quantity of residue produced with this system was reduced to 25–40% with respect to a pit system under slat. This could mean a remarkable reduction in costs of storage, transport and application of manure

Belt separation system under slat in fattening pig housing: Effect of belt type and extraction frequency

belt separation system under slat in fattening pig housing: effect of belt type and extraction frequency

manure conveyor belt partially slatted floor fattening pigs belts belt incline transversely concave belt incline longitudinally. concave belt respectively. belt angles. residence manure belt influenced live upwards. quantity residue slat. remarkable storage manure

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148665260

10.1016/j.nimb.2012.09.024

Fe–Cr based alloys are the leading structural material candidates in the design of next generation reactors due to their high resistance to swelling and corrosion. Despite these good properties there are others, such as embrittlement, which require a higher level of understanding in order to improve aspects such as safety or lifetime of the reactors. The addition of Cr improves the behavior of the steels under irradiation, but not in a monotonic way. Therefore, understanding the changes in the Fe–Cr based alloys microstructure induced by irradiation and the role played by the alloying element (Cr) is needed in order to predict the response of these materials under the extreme conditions they are going to support. In this work we perform a study of the effect of Cr concentration in a bcc Fe–Cr matrix on formation and binding energies of vacancy clusters up to 5 units. The dependence of the calculated formation and binding energy is investigated with two empirical interatomic potentials specially developed to study radiation damage in Fe–Cr alloys. Results are very similar for both potentials showing an increase of the defect stability with the cluster size and no real dependence on Cr concentration for the binding energy

Stability of vacancy clusters in FeCr alloys: A study of the Cr concentration dependence

stability of vacancy clusters in fecr alloys: a study of the cr concentration dependence

fe–cr alloys candidates reactors swelling corrosion. embrittlement lifetime reactors. improves steels irradiation monotonic way. fe–cr alloys microstructure irradiation played alloying predict extreme going support. fe–cr vacancy units. interatomic potentials specially fe–cr alloys. potentials defect

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148669085

10.1093/jxb/ert451

DNA binding with One Finger (DOF) transcription factors are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth and development but their precise roles in abiotic stress tolerance are largely unknown. Here we report a group of five tomato DOF genes, homologous to Arabidopsis Cycling DOF Factors (CDFs), that function as transcriptional regulators involved in responses to drought and salt stress and flowering-time control in a gene-specific manner. SlCDF1?5 are nuclear proteins that display specific binding with different affinities to canonical DNA target sequences and present diverse transcriptional activation capacities in vivo. SlCDF1?5 genes exhibited distinct diurnal expression patterns and were differentially induced in response to osmotic, salt, heat, and low-temperature stresses. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing SlCDF1 or SlCDF3 showed increased drought and salt tolerance. In addition, the expression of various stress-responsive genes, such as COR15, RD29A, and RD10, were differentially activated in the overexpressing lines. Interestingly, overexpression in Arabidopsis of SlCDF3 but not SlCDF1 promotes late flowering through modulation of the expression of flowering control genes such as CO and FT. Overall, our data connect SlCDFs to undescribed functions related to abiotic stress tolerance and flowering time through the regulation of specific target genes and an increase in particular metabolite

Characterization of tomato Cycling Dof Factors reveals conserved and new functions in the control of flowering time and abiotic stress responses.

characterization of tomato cycling dof factors reveals conserved and new functions in the control of flowering time and abiotic stress responses.

finger precise roles abiotic tolerance largely unknown. tomato homologous arabidopsis cycling cdfs transcriptional regulators drought salt flowering manner. slcdf display affinities canonical diverse transcriptional capacities vivo. slcdf exhibited diurnal differentially osmotic salt stresses. arabidopsis overexpressing slcdf slcdf drought salt tolerance. responsive differentially overexpressing lines. interestingly overexpression arabidopsis slcdf slcdf promotes flowering modulation flowering connect slcdfs undescribed abiotic tolerance flowering metabolite

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148670306

10.1088/0143-0807/35/5/055010

The behaviour of confined liquids on board an orbiting spacecraft is mainly driven by surface tension phenomena, which cause an apparently anomalous response of the liquid when compared with the behaviour that can be observed on an Earth laboratory provided that the amount of liquid is high enough. The reason is that in an orbiting spacecraft the different inertial forces acting on the bulk of the liquid are almost zero, causing thus capillary forces to be the dominant ones. Of course, since gravity forces are proportional to the liquid volume, whereas surface tension forces are proportional to the liquid surface, there are situations on Earth where capillarity can be the dominant effect, as it happens when very small volume liquid samples are considered. However, work with small size samples may require the use of sophisticated optical devices. Leaving aside the neutral buoyancy technique, a way of handling large liquid interfaces is by using drop towers, where the sample falls subjected to the action of Earth's gravity. This approach is suitable when the characteristic time of the problem under consideration is much smaller than the drop time. In this work the transformation of an out-of-use chimney into a drop tower is presented. Because of the miniaturization, hardiness and low cost of current electronic devices, a drop tower can be used as an inexpensive tool for undergraduate students to experimentally analyse a large variety of surface tension driven phenomena

Surface tension and microgravity

surface tension and microgravity

confined liquids board orbiting spacecraft tension phenomena apparently anomalous earth enough. orbiting spacecraft inertial forces acting causing capillary forces ones. forces tension forces situations earth capillarity happens considered. sophisticated devices. leaving aside neutral buoyancy handling interfaces drop towers falls subjected earth gravity. consideration drop time. chimney drop tower presented. miniaturization hardiness devices drop tower inexpensive undergraduate experimentally analyse tension phenomena

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148671529

10.1007/978-3-319-00846-2_43

The aim of this paper is to develop a probabilistic modeling framework for the segmentation of structures of interest from a collection of atlases. Given a subset of registered atlases into the target image for a particular Region of Interest (ROI), a statistical model of appearance and shape is computed for fusing the labels. Segmentations are obtained by minimizing an energy function associated with the proposed model, using a graph-cut technique. We test different label fusion methods on publicly available MR images of human brains

A new label fusion method using graph cuts: application to hippocampus segmentation

a new label fusion method using graph cuts: application to hippocampus segmentation

probabilistic segmentation atlases. registered atlases appearance fusing labels. segmentations minimizing technique. label fusion publicly brains

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148686126

10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.07.001

Refuerzo y reparación de vigas de madera aserrada con sistemas de materiales compuestos (fibra de carbono)-- ABSTRACT:This paper explores the behavior of wooden beams tested to bending up to fracture, and later repaired with bidirectional carbon fiber fabric of two grammage types, placed in one or two layers. In addition, beams reinforced with the same fabrics were tested to flexural strength until fracture in order to compare the results. For this purpose, 21 beams were tested to bending at 3 and 4 points; 13 of these beams did not have any reinforcement, 8 of them were repaired with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and later tested, and the other 8 beams were reinforced but were not submitted to any previous test. Results show that when the appropriate fabric strength, the repaired beams –previously collapsed– support higher loads than those that initially caused them to fracture

Reinforcement and repair of small sawn Pinus Sylvestris beams with carbon fiber

reinforcement and repair of small sawn pinus sylvestris beams with carbon fiber

refuerzo reparación vigas madera aserrada sistemas materiales compuestos fibra carbono explores wooden beams bending fracture repaired bidirectional fiber fabric grammage placed layers. beams reinforced fabrics flexural fracture results. beams bending beams reinforcement repaired fiber reinforced polymer cfrp beams reinforced submitted test. fabric repaired beams –previously collapsed– loads initially fracture

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151538655

10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.003

Compassion has been proposed as relevant to psychological functioning and mental health, involving being compassionate and caring towards others in times of difficulty. The Compassion Scale (CS) proposes to assess compassion for others considering its different dimensions (Kindness; Common humanity; Mindfulness; Indifference; Separation, and Disengagement) and also offers a total score. The current work investigated the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of this instrument in adults (N=610). Results showed the acceptability of a two higher-order factor solution representing a negative and a positive valence of compassion (i.e., Compassion and Disconnectedness), with each higher-order factor comprising three different dimensions of compassion. Multi-group analyses established measurement invariance across gender; further mean comparison analyses showed that women presented higher levels of the positive dimensions of compassion, whereas men showed higher levels of the negative ones. The CS demonstrated good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and limited validity in relation to external variables. Overall, these findings contribute to the validation of the CS in a non-clinical adult sample, supporting a new measurement model that partially concurs with the original one. It thus provides the user with a new way of assessing and interpreting compassion that may be useful both in research and clinical settings

Dimensionality and gender-based measurement invariance of the Compassion Scale in a community sample

dimensionality and gender-based measurement invariance of the compassion scale in a community sample

compassion psychological functioning involving compassionate caring difficulty. compassion proposes compassion kindness humanity mindfulness indifference disengagement offers score. psychometric portuguese instrument adults acceptability representing valence compassion i.e. compassion disconnectedness comprising compassion. invariance gender compassion ones. consistency retest reliability validity variables. validation supporting partially concurs one. assessing interpreting compassion settings

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151641499

10.1007/s00419-006-0079-8

The problem of estimating the bending stress distribution in the neighborhood of a crack located on a single line in an orthotropic elastic plate of constant thickness subjected to out-of-plane concentrated moments is examined. Using classical plate theory and integral transform techniques, the general formulae for the bending moment and twisting moment in an elastic plate containing cracks located on a single line are derived. The solution is obtained in a closed form for the case in which there is a single crack in an infinite plate subjected to symmetric concentrated moments

Analytical solution for bending stress intensity factor in an orthotropic elastic plate containing a crack and subjected to concentrated moments

analytical solution for bending stress intensity factor in an orthotropic elastic plate containing a crack and subjected to concentrated moments

estimating bending neighborhood crack orthotropic elastic plate subjected concentrated moments examined. plate transform formulae bending moment twisting moment elastic plate cracks derived. crack infinite plate subjected concentrated moments

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154352683

10.1103/PhysRevB.96.085422

We propose a model of three-dimensional topological insulators consisting of weakly coupled electron-and hole-gas layers with Rashba spin-orbit interaction stacked along a given axis. We show that in the presence of strong electron-electron interactions the system realizes a fractional strong topological insulator, where the rotational symmetry and condensation energy arguments still allow us to treat the problem as quasi-one-dimensional with bosonization techniques. We also show that if Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction terms are equally strong, by doping the system with magnetic impurities, one can bring it into the Weyl semimetal phase

Three-dimensional fractional topological insulators in coupled Rashba layers

three-dimensional fractional topological insulators in coupled rashba layers

propose topological insulators consisting weakly rashba orbit stacked axis. realizes fractional topological insulator rotational condensation arguments treat quasi bosonization techniques. rashba dresselhaus orbit equally doping impurities bring weyl semimetal

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154950039

10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.136

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP), RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) and serine and arginine rich splicing factor 5 (SRSF5) are RNA-binding proteins that are transcriptionally upregulated in response to moderately low temperatures and a variety of cellular stresses in mammalian cells. Induction of these cold-inducible proteins (CIPs) is dependent on transient receptor potential (TRP) V4 channel protein, but seems independent of its ion channel activity. We herein report that in addition to TRPV4, TRPV3 and TRPM8 are necessary for the induction of CIPs. We established cell lines from the lung of TRPV4-knockout (KO) mouse, and observed induction of CIPs in them by western blot analysis. A TRPV4 antagonist RN1734 suppressed the induction in wild-type mouse cells, but not in TRPV4-KO cells. A TRPV3 channel blocker S408271 and a TRPM8 channel blocker AMTB as well as siRNAs against TRPV3 and TRPM8 suppressed the CIP induction in mouse TRPV4-KO cells and human U-2 OS cells. A TRPV3 channel agonist 2-APB induced CIP expression, but camphor did not. Neither did a TRPM8 channel agonist WS-12. These results suggest that TRPV4, TRPV3 and TRPM8 proteins, but not their ion channel activities are necessary for the induction of CIPs at 32 °C. Identification of proteins that differentially interact with these TRP channels at 37 °C and 32 °C would help elucidate the underlying mechanisms of CIP induction by hypothermia

Involvement of TRPV3 and TRPM8 ion channel proteins in induction of mammalian cold-inducible proteins

involvement of trpv3 and trpm8 ion channel proteins in induction of mammalian cold-inducible proteins

cold inducible cirp motif serine arginine splicing srsf transcriptionally upregulated moderately stresses mammalian cells. cold inducible cips transient activity. herein trpv trpv trpm cips. trpv knockout cips blot analysis. trpv antagonist suppressed trpv cells. trpv blocker trpm blocker amtb sirnas trpv trpm suppressed trpv cells. trpv agonist camphor not. neither trpm agonist trpv trpv trpm cips differentially interact elucidate hypothermia

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157866182

10.1007/s10539-014-9427-1

Mayr’s proximate-ultimate distinction has received renewed interest in recent years. Here we discuss its role in arguments about the relevance of developmental to evolutionary biology. We show that two recent critiques of the proximate-ultimate distinction fail to explain why developmental processes in particular should be of interest to evolutionary biologists. We trace these failures to a common problem: both critiques take the proximate-ultimate distinction to neglect specific causal interactions in nature. We argue that this is implausible, and that the distinction should instead be understood in the context of explanatory abstractions in complete causal models of evolutionary change. Once the debate is reframed in this way, the proximate-ultimate distinction’s role in arguments against the theoretical significance of evo-devo is seen to rely on a generally implicit premise: that the variation produced by development is abundant, small and undirected. We show that a “lean version” of the proximate- ultimate distinction can be maintained even when this isotropy assumption does not hold. Finally, we connect these considerations to biological practice. We show that the investigation of developmental constraints in evolutionary transitions has long relied on a methodology which foregrounds the explanatory role of developmental processes. It is, however, entirely compatible with the lean version of the proximate-ultimate distinction

The proximate-ultimate distinction and evolutionary developmental biology: Causal irrelevance vs. explanatory abstraction

the proximate-ultimate distinction and evolutionary developmental biology: causal irrelevance vs. explanatory abstraction

mayr’s proximate ultimate distinction renewed years. arguments relevance developmental evolutionary biology. critiques proximate ultimate distinction fail developmental evolutionary biologists. trace failures critiques proximate ultimate distinction neglect causal nature. argue implausible distinction understood explanatory abstractions causal evolutionary change. debate reframed proximate ultimate distinction’s arguments devo rely implicit premise abundant undirected. “lean version” proximate ultimate distinction maintained isotropy hold. connect considerations practice. developmental evolutionary relied methodology foregrounds explanatory developmental processes. entirely compatible lean proximate ultimate distinction

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157867292

10.1007/s11229-016-1254-2

This paper challenges the soundness of the two-dimensional conceivability argument against the derivation of phenomenal truths from physical truths (cf. Chalmers in The conscious mind, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996; The character of consciousness, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010) in light of a hyperintensional regimentation of the ontology of consciousness. The regimentation demonstrates how ontological dependencies between truths about consciousness and about physics cannot be witnessed by epistemic constraints, when the latter are recorded by the conceivability—i.e., the epistemic possibility—thereof. Generalizations and other aspects of the philosophical significance of the hyperintensional regimentation are further examined

Grounding, Conceivability, and the Mind-Body Problem

grounding, conceivability, and the mind-body problem

challenges soundness conceivability argument derivation phenomenal truths truths chalmers conscious mind oxford oxford character consciousness oxford oxford hyperintensional regimentation ontology consciousness. regimentation demonstrates ontological dependencies truths consciousness witnessed epistemic conceivability—i.e. epistemic possibility—thereof. generalizations philosophical hyperintensional regimentation

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158266103

10.1063/1.4978942

In the framework of a multiscale modeling approach, we present a systematic study of a bipolar rectifying nanopore using a continuum and a particle simulation method. The common ground in the two methods is the application of the Nernst-Planck (NP) equation to compute ion transport in the framework of the implicit-water electrolyte model. The difference is that the Poisson-Boltzmann theory is used in the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) approach, while the Local Equilibrium Monte Carlo (LEMC) method is used in the particle simulation approach (NP+LEMC) to relate the concentration profile to the electrochemical potential profile. Since we consider a bipolar pore which is short and narrow, we perform simulations using two-dimensional PNP. In addition, results of a non-linear version of PNP that takes crowding of ions into account are shown. We observe that the mean field approximation applied in PNP is appropriate to reproduce the basic behavior of the bipolar nanopore (e.g., rectification) for varying parameters of the system (voltage, surface charge, electrolyte concentration, and pore radius). We present current data that characterize the nanopore's behavior as a device, as well as concentration, electrical potential, and electrochemical potential profiles

Multiscale modeling of a rectifying bipolar nanopore: Comparing Poisson-Nernst-Planck to Monte Carlo

multiscale modeling of a rectifying bipolar nanopore: comparing poisson-nernst-planck to monte carlo

multiscale bipolar rectifying nanopore continuum method. nernst planck implicit electrolyte model. poisson boltzmann poisson nernst planck monte carlo lemc lemc relate electrochemical profile. bipolar pore narrow pnp. crowding shown. reproduce bipolar nanopore e.g. rectification electrolyte pore characterize nanopore electrical electrochemical

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1642324

10.1063/1.3099100

Original paper can be found at: http://proceedings.aip.org/proceedings/confproceed/1094.jsp Copyright American Institute of Physics. DOI: 10.1063/1.3099100Precise measurements of the fundamental properties of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs are key to understanding the physics underlying their formation and evolution. While there has been great progress over the last decade in studying the bulk spectrophotometric properties of low-mass objects, direct determination of their masses, radii, and temperatures have been very sparse. Thus, theoretical predictions of low-mass evolution and ultracool atmospheres remain to be rigorously tested. The situation is alarming given that such models are widely used, from the determination of the low-mass end of the initial mass function to the characterization of exoplanets.An increasing number of mass, radius, and age determinations are placing critical constraints on the physics of low-mass objects. A wide variety of approaches are being pursued, including eclipsing binary studies, astrometric-spectroscopic orbital solutions, interferometry, and characterization of benchmark systems. In parallel, many more systems suitable for concerted study are now being found, thanks to new capabilities spanning both the very widest (all-sky surveys) and very narrowest (diffraction-limited adaptive optics) areas of the sky. This Cool Stars 15 splinter session highlighted the current successes and limitations of this rapidly growing area of precision astrophysics

Fundamental properties of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs

fundamental properties of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs

.jsp copyright precise brown dwarfs evolution. great progress decade studying spectrophotometric radii sparse. ultracool atmospheres rigorously tested. alarming widely exoplanets.an determinations placing objects. pursued eclipsing astrometric spectroscopic orbital interferometry benchmark systems. concerted thanks capabilities spanning widest surveys narrowest diffraction adaptive optics sky. cool splinter session highlighted successes limitations rapidly growing precision astrophysics

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19125393

10.1002/nbm.860

Developing methods that can detect compartmentation of metabolic pathways in intact tissues may be important for understanding energy demand and supply. In this study, we investigated compartmentation of glycolysis and glycogenolysis in the isolated perfused rat heart using 13C NMR isotopomer analysis. Rat hearts previously depleted of myocardial glycogen were perfused with 5.5 mm [U-13C]glucose plus 50 mU/mL insulin until newly synthesized glycogen recovered to new steady-state levels (sim60% of pre-depleted values). After a short wash-out period, the perfusate glucose was then switched to [1-13C]glucose, and glycolysis and glycogenolysis were stimulated by addition of glucagon (1 mug/ml). A 13C NMR multiplet analysis of the methyl resonance of lactate provided an estimate of pyruvate derived from glucose vs glycogen while a multiplet analysis of the C4 resonance of glutamate provided an estimate of acetyl-CoA derived from glycolytic pyruvate vs glycogenolytic pyruvate. These two indices were not equivalent and their difference was further magnified in the presence of insulin during the stimulation phase. These combined observations are consistent with functional compartmentation of glycolytic and glycogenolytic enzymes that allows pyruvate generated by these two processes to be distinguished at the level of lactate and acetyl-CoA. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.86

Compartmentation of glycolysis and glycogenolysis in the perfused rat heart

compartmentation of glycolysis and glycogenolysis in the perfused rat heart

detect compartmentation metabolic pathways intact tissues supply. compartmentation glycolysis glycogenolysis perfused isotopomer analysis. hearts depleted myocardial glycogen perfused glucose insulin newly synthesized glycogen recovered steady depleted wash perfusate glucose switched glucose glycolysis glycogenolysis stimulated glucagon multiplet methyl lactate pyruvate glucose glycogen multiplet glutamate acetyl glycolytic pyruvate glycogenolytic pyruvate. indices magnified insulin stimulation phase. compartmentation glycolytic glycogenolytic enzymes pyruvate distinguished lactate acetyl coa. nbm.

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19125514

10.1002/pssb.200642067

We report on the background, current status, and current lines of development of the octopus project. This program materializes the main equations of density-functional theory in the ground state, and of time-dependent density-functional theory for dynamical effects. The focus is nowadays placed on the optical (i.e. electronic) linear response properties of nanostructures and biomolecules, and on the non-linear response to high-intensity fields of finite systems, with particular attention to the coupled ionic-electronic motion (i.e. photo-chemical processes). In addition, we are currently extending the code to the treatment of periodic systems (both to one-dimensional chains, two-dimensional slabs, or fully periodic solids), magnetic properties (ground state properties and excitations), and to the field of quantum-mechanical transport or ldquomolecular electronics.rdquo In this communication, we concentrate on the development of the methodology: we review the essential numerical schemes used in the code, and report on the most recent implementations, with special attention to the introduction of adaptive coordinates, to the extension of our real-space technique to tackle periodic systems, and on large-scale parallelization. More information on the code, as well as the code itself, can be found at . (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.20064206

Octopus: a tool for the application of time-dependent density functional theory

octopus: a tool for the application of time-dependent density functional theory

octopus project. materializes effects. nowadays placed i.e. nanostructures biomolecules ionic i.e. photo extending chains slabs solids excitations ldquomolecular electronics.rdquo concentrate methodology schemes implementations adaptive tackle parallelization. wiley verlag gmbh kgaa weinheim pssb.

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19125578

10.1002/jpp.554

Manganese complexes of 5,15-diaryl-beta-substituted-porphyrins were prepared and their behaviour as oxidation catalysts was studied. The role of the pyrrolic and meso-substituents on the activity and selectivity of these catalysts was studied to reveal new structure-activity relationships in these porphyrin-based epoxidation catalysts. The beneficial effect of the halogen atoms at the meso-phenyls is still observed with these catalysts but, for the first time, a strong dependence on the selectivity of the epoxide production was found to be dependent on the nature of the non-halogen substituents at the beta-pyrrolic positions of the porphyrin. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpp.55

5,15-Diaryl-beta-substituted-porphyrinato-manganese(III) chlorides as probes for structure-activity relationships in porphyrin-based epoxidation catalysts

5,15-diaryl-beta-substituted-porphyrinato-manganese(iii) chlorides as probes for structure-activity relationships in porphyrin-based epoxidation catalysts

manganese complexes diaryl beta substituted porphyrins oxidation catalysts studied. pyrrolic meso substituents selectivity catalysts reveal porphyrin epoxidation catalysts. beneficial halogen meso phenyls catalysts selectivity epoxide halogen substituents beta pyrrolic porphyrin. jpp.

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19130319

10.1051/cocv:2002006

We analyse the sensitivity of the solution of a nonlinear obstacle plate problem, with respect to small perturbations of the middle plane of the plate. This analysis, which generalizes the results of Rao and Sokolowski 1987, Rockafeller 1989 for the linear case, is done by application of an abstract variational result Levy 1999, where the sensitivity of parameterized variational inequalities in Banach spaces, without uniqueness of solution, is quantified in terms of a generalized derivative, that is the proto-derivative. We prove that the hypotheses required by this abstract sensitivity result are verified for the nonlinear obstacle plate problem. Namely, the constraint set defined by the obstacle is polyhedric and the mapping involved in the definition of the plate problem, considered as a function of the middle plane of the plate, is semi-differentiable. The verification of these two conditions enable to conclude that the sensitivity is characterized by the proto-derivative of the solution mapping associated with the nonlinear obstacle plate problem, in terms of the solution of a variational inequality.PRAXIS/PCEX/C/MAT/38/96 \Variational Models and Optimization", and Sapiens Proj99, No. 34471 \Nonlinear Partial Di erential Equations and Interfaces Problems" of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Portuga

Sensitivity Analysis of a Nonlinear Obstacle Plate Problem

sensitivity analysis of a nonlinear obstacle plate problem

analyse obstacle plate perturbations plate. generalizes sokolowski rockafeller variational levy parameterized variational inequalities banach uniqueness quantified proto derivative. hypotheses verified obstacle plate problem. obstacle polyhedric plate plate differentiable. verification enable proto obstacle plate variational inequality.praxis pcex variational sapiens proj erential interfaces ministry portuga

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2083166

10.1007/JHEP02(2010)045

If electroweak symmetry breaking arises via strongly-coupled physics, the observed suppression of flavour-changing processes suggests that fermion masses should arise via mixing of elementary fermions with composite fermions of the strong sector. The strong sector then carries colour charge, and may contain composite leptoquark states, arising either as TeV scale resonances, or even as light, pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons. The latter, since they are coupled to colour, get a mass of the order of several hundred GeV, beyond the reach of current searches at the Tevatron. The same generic mechanism that suppresses flavour-changing processes suppresses leptoquark-mediated rare processes, making it conceivable that the many stringent constraints may be evaded. The leptoquarks couple predominantly to third-generation quarks and leptons, and the prospects for discovery at LHC appear to be good. As an illustration, a model based on the Pati-Salam symmetry is described, and its embedding in models with a larger symmetry incorporating unification of gauge couplings, which provide additional motivation for leptoquark states at or below the TeV scale, is discussed.Comment: 10 pp, version to appear in JHE

Composite Leptoquarks at the LHC

composite leptoquarks at the lhc

electroweak breaking arises suppression flavour changing fermion arise elementary fermions composite fermions sector. carries colour composite leptoquark arising resonances pseudo nambu goldstone bosons. colour hundred searches tevatron. generic suppresses flavour changing suppresses leptoquark rare conceivable stringent evaded. leptoquarks couple predominantly quarks leptons prospects discovery good. illustration pati salam embedding incorporating unification couplings motivation leptoquark

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25005034

10.1088/1475-7516/2014/08/008

We further develop the framework for coupling galileons and Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) scalar fields to a massive graviton while retaining both the non-linear symmetries of the scalars and ghost-freedom of the theory. The general construction is recast in terms of vielbeins which simplifies calculations and allows for compact expressions. Expressions for the general form of the action are derived, with special emphasis on those models which descend from maximally symmetric spaces. We demonstrate the existence of maximally symmetric solutions to the fully non-linear theory and analyze their spectrum of quadratic fluctuations. Finally, we consider self-accelerating cosmological solutions and study their perturbations, showing that the vector and scalar modes have vanishing kinetic terms

Galileons Coupled to Massive Gravity: General Analysis and Cosmological Solutions

galileons coupled to massive gravity: general analysis and cosmological solutions

galileons dirac born infeld massive graviton retaining symmetries scalars ghost freedom theory. recast vielbeins simplifies expressions. expressions emphasis descend maximally spaces. maximally analyze quadratic fluctuations. accelerating cosmological perturbations vanishing

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29525651

10.1016/j.astropartphys.2015.01.007

The ARGO-YBJ experiment has been in stable data taking from November 2007 till February 2013 at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Observatory (4300 m a.s.l.). The detector consists of a single layer of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) ( about 6700 m^2}) operated in streamer mode. The signal pick-up is obtained by means of strips facing one side of the gas volume. The digital readout of the signals, while allows a high space-time resolution in the shower front reconstruction, limits the measurable energy to a few hundred TeV. In order to fully investigate the 1-10 PeV region, an analog readout has been implemented by instrumenting each RPC with two large size electrodes facing the other side of the gas volume. Since December 2009 the RPC charge readout has been in operation on the entire central carpet (about 5800 m^2). In this configuration the detector is able to measure the particle density at the core position where it ranges from tens to many thousands of particles per m^2. Thus ARGO-YBJ provides a highly detailed image of the charge component at the core of air showers. In this paper we describe the analog readout of RPCs in ARGO-YBJ and discuss both the performance of the system and the physical impact on the EAS measurements

The analog Resistive Plate Chamber detector of the ARGO-YBJ experiment

the analog resistive plate chamber detector of the argo-ybj experiment

argo november till february yangbajing cosmic observatory a.s.l. resistive plate chambers rpcs operated streamer mode. pick strips facing volume. digital readout shower front reconstruction measurable hundred tev. analog readout implemented instrumenting electrodes facing volume. december readout carpet ranges tens thousands argo showers. analog readout rpcs argo

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30933955

10.1002/smr.1643

Context: Architecture-centric software evolution (ACSE) enables changes in system’s structure and behaviour while maintaining a global view of the software to address evolution-centric trade-offs. The existing research and practices for ACSE primarily focus on design-time evolution and runtime adaptations to accommodate changing requirements in existing architectures.\ud Objectives: We aim to identify, taxonomically classify and systematically compare the existing research focused on enabling or enhancing change reuse to support ACSE.\ud Method: We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of 32 qualitatively selected studies, and taxonomically classified these studies based on solutions that enable i) empirical acquisition and ii) systematic application of architecture evolution-reuse knowledge to guide ACSE.\ud Results: We identified six distinct research themes that support acquisition and application of architecture evolution-reuse knowledge. We investigated: a) how evolution-reuse knowledge is defined, classified and represented in the existing research to support ACSE, b) what are the existing methods, techniques, and solutions to support: b) empirical acquisition and c) systematic application of architecture evolution-reuse knowledge.\ud Conclusions: Change patterns (34% of selected studies) represent a predominant solution, followed by evolution styles (25%) and adaptation strategies and policies (22%) to enable application of reuse knowledge. Empirical methods for acquisition of reuse knowledge represent 19% including pattern discovery, configuration analysis, evolution and maintenance prediction techniques (approximately 6% each). A lack of focus on empirical acquisition of reuse knowledge suggests the need of solutions with architecture change mining as a complementary and integrated phase for architecture change execution

Classification and comparison of architecture evolution-reuse knowledge – A systematic review

classification and comparison of architecture evolution-reuse knowledge – a systematic review

architecture centric acse enables system’s maintaining centric trade offs. practices acse primarily runtime adaptations accommodate changing architectures. objectives taxonomically classify systematically focused enabling enhancing reuse acse. qualitatively taxonomically classified enable acquisition architecture reuse guide acse. themes acquisition architecture reuse knowledge. reuse classified acse acquisition architecture reuse knowledge. predominant styles adaptation policies enable reuse knowledge. acquisition reuse discovery maintenance acquisition reuse architecture mining complementary architecture execution

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33171543

10.1088/0957-4484/24/12/125702

Large scale high yield cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowires with uniform diameter were synthesized using a rapid and simple solvo-chemical and hydrothermal route assisted by the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Unique CdS nanowires of different morphologies could be selectively produced by only varying the concentration of CTAB in the reaction system with cadmium acetate, sulfur powder and ethylenediamine. We obtained CdS nanowires with diameters of 64–65 nm and lengths of up to several micrometers. A comparative study of the optical properties of ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) Felix-017/100 doped with 1% of CdS nanowires was performed. Response times of the order of from 160 to 180 μs, rotational viscosities of the order of from 5000 to 3000 mN s m−2 and polarizations of the order of from 10 to 70 nC cm−2 were measured. We also observed an anti-ferroelectric to ferroelectric transition for CdS doped FLC instead of the ferroelectric to paraelectric transition for pure FLC

Switching of ferroelectric liquid crystal doped with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-assisted CdS nanostructures

switching of ferroelectric liquid crystal doped with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-assisted cds nanostructures

cadmium sulfide nanowires synthesized solvo hydrothermal route assisted surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ctab nanowires morphologies selectively ctab cadmium acetate sulfur powder ethylenediamine. nanowires diameters lengths micrometers. comparative ferroelectric felix doped nanowires performed. rotational viscosities polarizations measured. ferroelectric ferroelectric doped ferroelectric paraelectric

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33171571

10.1063/1.4824001

The existence of discontinuities within the double-adiabatic Hall-magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model is discussed. These solutions are transitional layers where some of the plasma properties change from one equilibrium state to another. Under the assumption of traveling wave solutions with velocity C and propagation angle θ with respect to the ambient magnetic field, the Hall-MHD model reduces to a dynamical system and the waves are heteroclinic orbits joining two different fixed points. The analysis of the fixed points rules out the existence of rotational discontinuities. Simple considerations about the Hamiltonian nature of the system show that, unlike dissipative models, the intermediate shock waves are organized in branches in parameter space, i.e., they occur if a given relationship between θ and C is satisfied. Electron-polarized (ion-polarized) shock waves exhibit, in addition to a reversal of the magnetic field component tangential to the shock front, a maximum (minimum) of the magnetic field amplitude. The jumps of the magnetic field and the relative specific volume between the downstream and the upstream states as a function of the plasma properties are presented. The organization in parameter space of localized structures including in the model the influence of finite Larmor radius is discusse

Structure of intermediate shocks in collisionsless anisotropic Hall-magnetohydrodynamics plasma models

structure of intermediate shocks in collisionsless anisotropic hall-magnetohydrodynamics plasma models

discontinuities adiabatic hall magnetohydrodynamics discussed. transitional another. traveling propagation ambient hall reduces heteroclinic orbits joining points. rotational discontinuities. considerations unlike dissipative shock organized branches i.e. satisfied. polarized polarized shock exhibit reversal tangential shock front amplitude. jumps downstream upstream presented. localized larmor discusse

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33173601

10.1017/jfm.2013.500

Conditions are identified under which analyses of laminar mixing layers can shed light on aspects of turbulent spray combustion. With this in mind, laminar spray-combustion models are formulated for both non-premixed and partially premixed systems. The laminar mixing layer separating a hot-air stream from a monodisperse spray carried by either an inert gas or air is investigated numerically and analytically in an effort to increase understanding of the ignition process leading to stabilization of high-speed spray combustion. The problem is formulated in an Eulerian framework, with the conservation equations written in the boundary-layer approximation and with a one-step Arrhenius model adopted for the chemistry description. The numerical integrations unveil two different types of ignition behaviour depending on the fuel availability in the reaction kernel, which in turn depends on the rates of droplet vaporization and fuel-vapour diffusion. When sufficient fuel is available near the hot boundary, as occurs when the thermochemical properties of heptane are employed for the fuel in the integrations, combustion is established through a precipitous temperature increase at a well-defined thermal-runaway location, a phenomenon that is amenable to a theoretical analysis based on activation-energy asymptotics, presented here, following earlier ideas developed in describing unsteady gaseous ignition in mixing layers. By way of contrast, when the amount of fuel vapour reaching the hot boundary is small, as is observed in the computations employing the thermochemical properties of methanol, the incipient chemical reaction gives rise to a slowly developing lean deflagration that consumes the available fuel as it propagates across the mixing layer towards the spray. The flame structure that develops downstream from the ignition point depends on the fuel considered and also on the spray carrier gas, with fuel sprays carried by air displaying either a lean deflagration bounding a region of distributed reaction or a distinct double-flame structure with a rich premixed flame on the spray side and a diffusion flame on the air side. Results are calculated for the distributions of mixture fraction and scalar dissipation rate across the mixing layer that reveal complexities that serve to identify differences between spray-flamelet and gaseous-flamelet problems

Dynamics of thermal ignition of spray flames in mixing layers

dynamics of thermal ignition of spray flames in mixing layers

laminar shed turbulent spray combustion. mind laminar spray combustion formulated premixed partially premixed systems. laminar separating stream monodisperse spray inert numerically analytically effort ignition stabilization spray combustion. formulated eulerian conservation arrhenius adopted description. integrations unveil ignition fuel availability kernel droplet vaporization fuel vapour diffusion. fuel thermochemical heptane fuel integrations combustion precipitous runaway phenomenon amenable asymptotics ideas describing unsteady gaseous ignition layers. fuel vapour reaching computations employing thermochemical methanol incipient slowly lean deflagration consumes fuel propagates spray. flame develops downstream ignition fuel spray carrier fuel sprays displaying lean deflagration bounding flame premixed flame spray flame side. mixture dissipation reveal complexities serve spray flamelet gaseous flamelet

exact_dup

33174374

10.1016/j.matdes.2012.12.063

This work presents the main experimental results obtained from the study of plaster test pieces and boards with addition of various volumetric rubber fractions from mechanical grinding of end-of-life tires (ELTs), in three different particle size gradations. It includes a description of the materials employed, and their proportions. The physical and mechanical properties, as well as the thermal conductivity and acoustic insulation properties are analyzed. Experimental results obtained for specimens with addition of recycled rubber are compared with similar ones, carried out on specimens of plaster of identical features without any addition, evaluating the influence of the particle size and mixture proportions. An improvement in thermal and acoustic performance has been obtained as well as a reduction in density, and as a result, some constructive applications for paving and slabs in rehabilitation works are proposed

Influence of proportion and particle size gradation of rubber from end-of-life tires on mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties of plaster-rubber mortars

influence of proportion and particle size gradation of rubber from end-of-life tires on mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties of plaster-rubber mortars

presents plaster pieces boards volumetric rubber fractions grinding tires elts gradations. proportions. conductivity acoustic insulation analyzed. specimens recycled rubber specimens plaster evaluating mixture proportions. acoustic constructive paving slabs rehabilitation

exact_dup

33178015

10.1002/pip.2715

A methodology is presented to determine both the short-term and the long-term influence of the spectral variations on the performance of Multi-Junction (MJ) solar cells and Concentrating\ud "This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: R. Núñez, C. Domínguez, S. Askins, M. Victoria, R. Herrero, I. Antón, and G. Sala, “Determination of\ud spectral variations by means of component cells useful for CPV rating and design,” Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl., 2015., which has been published in final form\ud at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.2715/full. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and\ud Conditions for Self-Archiving [http://olabout.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-820227.html#terms]."\ud Photovoltaic (CPV) modules. Component cells with the same optical behavior as MJ solar cells are used to characterize the spectrum. A set of parameters, namely Spectral Matching Ratios (SMRs), is used to characterize spectrally a particular Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) by comparison to the reference spectrum (AM1.5D-ASTM-G173-03). Furthermore, the spectrally corrected DNI for a given MJ solar cell technology is defined providing a way to estimate the losses associated to the spectral variations. The last section analyzes how the spectrum evolves throughout a year in a given place and the set of SMRs representative for that location are calculated. This information can be used to maximize the energy harvested by the MJ solar cell throughout the year. As an example, three years of data recorded in Madrid shows that losses lower than 5% are expected due to current mismatch for state-of-the-art MJ solar cells

Determination of spectral variations by means of component cells useful for CPV rating and design

determination of spectral variations by means of component cells useful for cpv rating and design

methodology junction concentrating peer reviewed núñez domínguez askins victoria herrero antón sala “determination rating prog. photovolt res. appl. pip. full. commercial purposes accordance wiley archiving .html photovoltaic modules. characterize spectrum. matching smrs characterize spectrally irradiance astm spectrally corrected losses variations. analyzes evolves smrs calculated. maximize harvested year. madrid losses mismatch

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