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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28800332,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30281647 | Is P. gingivalis bacteria found in brain? | Yes |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28258674,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30255442,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29779852,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29627873,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27521810,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30157388,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19929708,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27501293,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20200338,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15471363 | Is ibudilast effective for multiple sclerosis? | Yes, Ibudilast was shown to be effective for progressive multiple sclerosis. In a phase 2 trial involving patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, ibudilast was associated with slower progression of brain atrophy than placebo but was associated with higher rates of gastrointestinal side effects, headache, and depression. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586303 | Does gepotidacin activate bacterial topoisomerase? | No, gepotidacin is a bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30286773,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25990738 | What is the 3D genome browser? | The 3D Genome Browser, http://3dgenome.org, allows users to conveniently explore both their own and over 300 publicly available chromatin interaction data of different types. The browser provides multiple methods linking distal cis-regulatory elements with their potential target genes. Users can seamlessly integrate thousands of other omics data to gain a comprehensive view of both regulatory landscape and 3D genome structure. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26764594,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26749064,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26574491,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28842640,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25018784,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24668769 | Are gut proteobacteria associated with inflammatory disease? | The onset of inflammatory bowel disease is associated with enteric proteobacterial infection, yet the mechanistic basis for this association is unclear. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28188403,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27838155,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23560574,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24471476,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28348940,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29328005,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28411414,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24810945 | What brain procedure can be done using the NeuroBlate system? | NeuroBlate System is used for Laser interstitial thermal therapy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27569544 | Describe genomiser | Genomiser is an analysis framework that is able not only to score the relevance of variation in the non-coding genome, but also to associate regulatory variants to specific Mendelian diseases. Genomiser scores variants through either existing methods such as CADD or a bespoke machine learning method and combines these with allele frequency, regulatory sequences, chromosomal topological domains, and phenotypic relevance to discover variants associated to specific Mendelian disorders. Genomiser is able to identify causal regulatory variants as the top candidate in 77% of simulated whole genomes, allowing effective detection and discovery of regulatory variants in Mendelian disease. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29456181 | Which ultraconserved element is associated with Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC) self-renewal? | Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) show the peculiar feature to retain extended perfect sequence identity among human, mouse, and rat genomes. Most of them are transcribed and represent a new family of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), the transcribed UCEs (T-UCEs). Despite their involvement in human cancer, the physiological role of T-UCEs is still unknown. A lncRNA containing the uc.170+, named T-UCstem1, was identified with in vitro and in vivo evidence that it plays essential roles in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by modulating cytoplasmic miRNA levels and preserving transcriptional dynamics. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30379987 | What is TPMCalculator? | The quantification of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) abundance using a normalization method that calculates transcripts per million (TPM) is a key step to compare multiple samples from different experiments. TPMCalculator is a one-step software to process RNA-seq alignments in BAM format and reports TPM values, raw read counts and feature lengths for genes, transcripts, exons and introns. The program describes the genomic features through a model generated from the gene transfer format (GTF) file used during alignments reporting of the TPM values and the raw read counts for each feature. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9436410,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12479430,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16826520,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25365855,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25411939,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25196531,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25219146,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24472885,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25610221,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30461311,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18751807,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27902173 | Describe clinical presentation of Escobar syndrome. | The Escobar variant of multiple pterygium syndrome (MPS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder which is characterized by pterygia, arthrogryposis (joint contractures), facial dysmorphism along with other anomalies. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26401871 | What is small-activating RNA? | small activating RNAs are double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that target gene promoters and trigger gene activation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29266015,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29950729,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29670690,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30466743,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29860938,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30209701,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30093505,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29934313 | What is the mechanism of action of Ivosidenib? | Ivosidenib is an inhibitor of the IDH1 mutant enzyme that exhibits profound 2-HG lowering in tumor models. It is effective for IDH1-mutant relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25559105,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29052193,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29605854,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30375457,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30421411,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29155775,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28550296,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28846090,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25679813 | Which is the basis of the ATAC-Seq protocol? | This method probes DNA accessibility with hyperactive Tn5 transposase, which inserts sequencing adapters into accessible regions of chromatin. Sequencing reads can then be used to infer regions of increased accessibility, as well as to map regions of transcription-factor binding and nucleosome position. The method is a fast and sensitive alternative to DNase-seq for assaying chromatin accessibility genome-wide, or to MNase-seq for assaying nucleosome positions in accessible regions of the genome.ATAC-Seq probes DNA accessibility with hyperactive Tn5 transposase, which inserts sequencing adapters into accessible regions of chromatin. Sequencing reads can then be used to infer regions of increased accessibility, as well as to map regions of transcription-factor binding and nucleosome position.This method probes DNA accessibility with hyperactive Tn5 transposase, which inserts sequencing adapters into accessible regions of chromatin. Sequencing reads can then be used to infer regions of increased accessibility, as well as to map regions of transcription-factor binding and nucleosome position. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27250555 | What is vcfanno? | Vcfanno flexibly extracts and summarizes attributes from multiple annotation files and integrates the annotations within the INFO column of the original VCF file. Substantial performance gains are reported by annotating ~85,000 variants per second with 50 attributes from 17 commonly used genome annotation resources. Vcfanno is available at https://github.com/brentp/vcfanno under the MIT license. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30173918 | What is the association of Disease-Associated STRs (daSTRs) with domain boundaries? | Nearly all disease-associated STRs (daSTRs) are located at boundaries demarcating 3D chromatin domains. For instance, Fragile X syndrome patients exhibit severe boundary disruption in a manner that correlates with local loss of CTCF occupancy and the degree of FMR1 silencing. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29996107 | What is the link between ultraconserved elements and three-dimensional mammalian genome organization? | Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) occupy specific arenas of three-dimensional mammalian genome organization. UCEs are enriched within contact domains and, further, that the subset of UCEs within domains shared across diverse cell types are linked to kidney-related and neuronal processes. In boundaries, UCEs are generally depleted, with those that do overlap boundaries being overrepresented in exonic UCEs. Regarding loop anchors, UCEs are neither overrepresented nor underrepresented, but those present in loop anchors are enriched for splice sites. As the relationships between UCEs and human Hi-C features are conserved in mouse, UCEs contribute to interspecies conservation of genome organization and, thus, genome stability. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27297469,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28658311,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23917329,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28482005,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068775,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26181593 | What are the "Ohnologs"? | Whole genome duplications (WGD) have now been firmly established in all major eukaryotic kingdoms. In particular, all vertebrates descend from two rounds of WGDs, that occurred in their jawless ancestor some 500 MY ago. Paralogs retained from WGD, also coined 'ohnologs' after Susumu Ohno, have been shown to be typically associated with development, signaling and gene regulation.Paralogs retained from WGD, also coined 'ohnologs' after Susumu Ohno, have been shown to be typically associated with development, signaling and gene regulation. Ohnologs -paralogous gene pairs generated by whole genome duplication- are enriched for dosage sensitive genes, that is, genes that have a phenotype due to copy number changesParalogs retained from WGD, also coined 'ohnologs' after Susumu Ohno, have been shown to be typically associated with development, signaling and gene regulation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30346488 | What is TissueEnrich? | TissueEnrich is a tool that calculates tissue-specific gene enrichment in an input gene set. TissueEnrich can assign tissue identities to single cell clusters and differentiated embryonic stem cells. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28924672 | Describe OligoSTORM | OligoSTORM and OligoDNA-PAINT meld the Oligopaint technology for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with, respectively, Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) and DNA-based Point Accumulation for Imaging in Nanoscale Topography (DNA-PAINT) to enable in situ single-molecule super-resolution imaging of nucleic acids. Both strategies enable ≤20 nm resolution and are appropriate for imaging nanoscale features of the genomes of a wide range of species, including human, mouse, and fruit fly (Drosophila). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24333266,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24772967,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20477100,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8159911,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25648260,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20305046,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24494566,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040398 | Which metabolic pathways have been associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? | Genetic polymorphisms of the xenobiotic metabolic pathway involved in estrogen metabolism might contribute towards pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). According to the analysis on metabolic pathway, SLE could cause significant changes in unsaturated fatty acid and amino acid metabolism pathway. Results suggest reducing FLI1 in lupus decreases the pathogenicity of T cells by decreasing TCR-specific activation and IL-4 production in part through the modulation of glycosphingolipid metabolism |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940404 | What are the 3 main bacteria found in human milk? | Human milk is rich in diverse bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas genera. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29850774 | Which algorithm has been developed for trio-based benchmarking of variant calls? | Geck is a tool for trio-based comparative benchmarking tool of variant calls. It is a statistical mixture model for comparing two variant calling pipelines from genotype data they produce after running on individual members of a trio. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23307200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29209322,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29807376,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28139813,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28445600,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30298461,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28645643,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28110841,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30046703,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863353 | Which molecule is targeted by Caplacizumab? | Caplacizumab is anti-von Willebrand factor (VWF) antibody that blocks the interaction between VWF and platelets. It is used for treatment of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25548914,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21241365,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10026129,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23122604,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17373633,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1345168,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22925639 | In which tissues is the lincRNA Xist expressed? | Relative expression of X-linked genes was examined in liver, kidney and brain tissue by real-time PCR in adult XX(Y)* and XY* males and XX females. X-chromosome inactive specific transcript (Xist) was expressed only in female adipose tissue. X-chromosome inactive specific transcript (Xist) was expressed only in female adipose tissue. It was also expressed in duodenum and testis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28784297,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27986376,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28780180,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26667592 | Which is the main component of the Lewy body? | Lewy bodies comprise of aggregated intracellular vesicles and proteins and α-synuclein is reported to be a major protein component. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28741506,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23296657,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26943583,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27812871,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22020330,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28217839,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27731420 | What forms part of the senescence associated secretory phenotype, or SASP? | The diverse arrays of proteins secreted by senescent cells have been described to influence aging and to have both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic influences on the surrounding microenvironment. Further characterization of these proteins, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and their regulators is required to understand and further manipulate such activities. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is characterized by IL1B, CXCL8, CCL2, TNF, CCL27 and other pro-inflammatory factors including a novel SASP component CLEC11A.Numerous activities of senescent cells depend on the aptitude of these cells to secrete myriads of bioactive molecules, a behavior termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) The SASP supports cell-autonomous functions like the senescence-associated growth arrest, and mediates paracrine interactions between senescent cells and their surrounding microenvironment. Cultures enriched with not-diploid cells acquired a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) characterized by IL1B, CXCL8, CCL2, TNF, CCL27 and other pro-inflammatory factors including a novel SASP component CLEC11A. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11997343,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24463456,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15916954 | How many pseudogenes are contained in the C. elegans genome? | Evidence suggests that a fifth of annotated Caenorhabditis elegans genes may be pseudogenes. At least 4% of the annotated C. elegans genes can be recognized as pseudogenes simply from closer inspection of the sequence data. Thus out of 18000 transcripts, around 3500 are expected to be pseudogenes.Evidence suggesting that a fifth of annotated Caenorhabditis elegans genes may be pseudogenes The remaining explanation is that most of the annotated genes in the recently duplicated category are pseudogenes, a proportion corresponding to 20% of all of the annotated C. elegans genes At least 4% of the annotated C. elegans genes can be recognized as pseudogenes simply from closer inspection of the sequence dataEvidence suggesting that a fifth of annotated Caenorhabditis elegans genes may be pseudogenes |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26870725 | What is a Aquaporin channel? | Aquaporins are membrane channels expressed in almost every organism and involved in the bidirectional transfer of water and small solutes across cell membranes. Aquaporins have important biological roles and have been implicated in several pathophysiological conditions suggesting a great translational potential in aquaporin-based diagnostics and therapeutics. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29208350,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29243545,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11381193 | What is cluster of differentiation? | Cluster of Differentiation (CD) are cellular antigens used to identify cell populations, such as T-lymphocyte populations and macrophages. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30406902 | List two medication included in the Juluca pill. | Juluca® pill includes dolutegravir and rilpivirine. It is the first two-drug single-tablet regimen (STR) to be approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29788413 | Which tool has been developed for tagging biomedical concepts via interactive learning? | ezTag is a web-based annotation tool that supports annotating a wide variety of biological concepts with or without pre-existing training data. It allows curators to perform annotation and provide training data with humans in the loop. ezTag supports both abstracts in PubMed and full-text articles in PubMed Central. It also provides lexicon-based concept tagging as well as the state-of-the-art pre-trained taggers such as TaggerOne, GNormPlus and tmVar. ezTag is freely available at http://eztag.bioqrator.org. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28930285,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28941323,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28935156 | Which cells produce Interleukin 17A? | Interleukin (IL)-17A is secreted from T helper type 17 (TH17) cells. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29069302,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29303787,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29593890,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29140105,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28664936,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30489337,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28705024,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29239189,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30116683,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29958099,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28585617,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29358503,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29760563,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30012210,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29545095,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28885881,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27196116,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28960263,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28512504,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30327351 | Is durvalumab used for lung cancer treatment? | Yes, Durvalumab is an anti-PDL-1 antibody that is used for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19008962,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11359936 | Is LRP1 interacting with Urokinase receptor? | Yes |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28837952,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26928024,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26638123,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28514983,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22258511,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26107577,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591798,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23922324,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26163814,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25496905,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24119725,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28284174 | Is obesity related to cognitive decline? | Obesity is a common medical illness that is increasingly recognised as conferring risk of decline in cognitive performance, independent of other comorbid medical conditions. Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of subnormal intellectual performance in young adult males. Subjects with low birth weight and adolescent overweight/obesity are at particular risk of subnormal performance. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21289125,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29746266,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20698725,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23023102,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342515,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29989910,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29689540,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19015347,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21134642,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28429756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30378502,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30110589,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24097413,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24853313,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20463063,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29675744 | Describe the mechanism of action of ibalizumab. | Ibalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that acts as post-attachment inhibitor by binding CD4 2nd domain of T lymphocyte and preventing HIV connection to CCR5 or CXCR4. It has been recently approved by Food and Drug Administration as a new intravenous antiretroviral agent for heavily treated HIV adults with multi -drug resistant infection. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28480599,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28605137,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27749361,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9660728,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28133951 | Describe information obtained by immunophenotyping. | Mass cytomety enables comprehensive single-cell immunophenotyping and functional assessments, capturing the complexity of the immune system, and the molecularly heterogeneous consequences of primary immunodeficiency defects.
Circulating B, T, and dendritic cells were defined using flow cytometric analysis as recommended by the Human Immunology Project Consortium.
Clinical applications of flow cytometry currently utilized in the laboratory include cell surface antigen determinations or immunophenotyping of hematologic cells, DNA analysis of hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors, and measurement of CD4 (T helper/inducer cell) absolute counts and T helper/T suppressor (CD4/CD8) ratios in the evaluation of immune deficiency. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27405674,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29769259,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27223146,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29734520,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30264916,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28451690,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29042366,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29296836,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29357074,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30125997,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28691557,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30462521,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30344994,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29888855,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29214439,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30278802,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27384849,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29645406,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30431213,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30444568 | What is the mechanism of action of Emicizumab? | Emicizumab (Hemlibra®) is a bispecific humanized monoclonal antibody that restores the function of missing activated FVIII by bridging activated FIX and FX to facilitate effective haemostasis in patients with haemophilia A. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26729373,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29084713,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26710928,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28934466,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28422453 | What is the genetic cause of Roberts syndrome? | Roberts syndrome (RBS) is a human developmental disorder caused by mutations in the cohesin acetyltransferase ESCO2. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059320 | What is DiseaseEnhancer? | DiseaseEnhancer is a manually curated resource of human disease-associated enhancer catalog. As of July 2017, DiseaseEnhancer includes 847 disease-associated enhancers in 143 human diseases. Database features include basic enhancer information (i.e. genomic location and target genes); disease types; associated variants on the enhancer and their mediated phenotypes (i.e. gain/loss of enhancer and the alterations of transcription factor bindings). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30190371,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29247018,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29385370,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30213399,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30111196,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30501490,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29914976,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30309857,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29499750,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29451276 | Is Tisagenlecleucel effective for B-Cell Lymphoma? | Yes, CD19-targeting CAR T-cell therapy tisagenlecleucel produces durable responses in patients with relapsed and refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28846097,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28953886,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29129392,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28846098,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28846099 | What is the function of GFRAL? | GFRAL (orphan receptor of the glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor α family) is a high-affinity receptor for GDF15.
GFRAL expression is limited to hindbrain neurons and not present in peripheral tissues, which suggests that GDF15-GFRAL-mediated regulation of food intake is by a central mechanism. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26202100,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028963 | What is the role of ZCCHC17? | ZCCHC17 is a master regulator of synaptic gene expression in Alzheimer's disease. Master regulator analysis identifies ZCCHC17 as normally supporting the expression of a network of synaptic genes, and predicts that ZCCHC17 dysfunction in AD leads to lower expression of these genes. ZCCHC17 is normally expressed in neurons and is reduced early in the course of AD pathology. Its loss in rat neurons leads to lower expression of the majority of the predicted synaptic targets. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29327913,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29172462,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29554239 | Is ADP-ribosylation a PTM? | Yes,
Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a protein posttranslational modification (PTM) that is critically involved in many biological processes that are linked to cell stress responses. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28013485,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19466346 | Does epidural anesthesia for pain management during labor affect the Apgar score of the the infant? | Epidural analgesia for labor pain management did not appear to have an immediate effect on neonatal status as determined by Apgar scores or in admissions to neonatal intensive care. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687123,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16612292,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8262564 | What is latex bead phagocytosis? | Macrophage scavenger function was assessed by an in vitro latex bead phagocytosis assay.
We developed a scanning cytometry-based high-throughput assay of macrophage phagocytosis that quantitates bound and internalized unopsonized latex beads. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29502249,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25922076,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24795696 | Is phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase a selenoprotein? | Yes,
the phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx/GPx4) is the major selenoprotein. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968643 | Describe CGmapTools | CGmapTools improves the precision of heterozygous SNV calls and supports allele-specific methylation detection and visualization in bisulfite-sequencing data.DNA methylation is important for gene silencing and imprinting in both plants and animals. Recent advances in bisulfite sequencing allow detection of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) achieving high sensitivity, but accurately identifying heterozygous SNVs from partially C-to-T converted sequences remains challenging. CGmapTools is a software package that integrates 40 applications with the aim to analyze DNA methylomes. This package uses CGmap as the format interface, and designs binary formats to reduce the file size and support fast data retrieval, and can be applied for context-wise, gene-wise, bin-wise, region-wise and sample-wise analyses and visualizations. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28183072,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27824633 | Is inositol effective for trichotillomania? | No, inositol is not effective for trichotillomania |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25453756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221642,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29058715,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059182,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20369022 | How is the Regulatory Trait Concordance (RTC) calculated? | Regulatory Trait Concordance (RTC) that accounts for local LD structure and integrates eQTLs and GWAS results in order to reveal the subset of association signals that are due to cis eQTLs.Regulatory Trait Concordance (RTC) that accounts for local LD structure and integrates eQTLs and GWAS results in order to reveal the subset of association signals that are due to cis eQTLs. After stringently testing for a shared causal variant using both the Joint Likelihood Mapping and Regulatory Trait Concordance frameworks, we found that gene-level quantification significantly underestimated the number of causal cis-eQTLs.Regulatory Trait Concordance (RTC) that accounts for local LD structure and integrates eQTLs and GWAS results in order to reveal the subset of association signals that are due to cis eQTLs. After stringently testing for a shared causal variant using both the Joint Likelihood Mapping and Regulatory Trait Concordance frameworks, we found that gene-level quantification significantly underestimated the number of causal cis-eQTLs. We have adapted the regulatory trait concordance (RTC) score to measure the probability of eQTLs being active in multiple tissues and to calculate the probability that a GWAS-associated variant and an eQTL tag the same functional effect.Regulatory Trait Concordance (RTC) that accounts for local LD structure and integrates eQTLs and GWAS results in order to reveal the subset of association signals that are due to cis eQTLs. We have adapted the regulatory trait concordance (RTC) score to measure the probability of eQTLs being active in multiple tissues and to calculate the probability that a GWAS-associated variant and an eQTL tag the same functional effect. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28859904,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29197565,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30258093,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29845234,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30093524 | What is filipin staining used for? | Intracellular and total cholesterol (TC) were measured using filipin staining. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28416184,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17132223 | Is TIAM1 favoring tumor progression in colorectal cancer (CRC)? | No. In colorectal cancer (CRC) TIAM1 suppresses tumor progression by regulating YAP/TAZ activity. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29509874 | Which database has been developed that contains experimentally-confirmed carbonylated proteins? | Protein carbonylation, a chemically diverse oxidative post-translational modification, is widely considered as the biomarker for oxidative stress and protein damage. CarbonylDB has been developed as a manually curated data-resource of experimentally-confirmed carbonylated proteins/sites. The CarbonylDB currently contains 1495 carbonylated proteins and 3781 sites from 21 species, with human, rat and yeast as the top three species. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16133350,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25485891,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28513807,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15659641,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28751496,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22075984,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8794857,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10671368 | What is the function of the Nup153 protein? | Nup153 is a large (153 kD) O-linked glyco-protein which is a component of the basket structure located on the nucleoplasmic face of nuclear pore complexes. Nup153 is a nucleoporin mediating nuclear import. In addition to being important to pore architecture, Nup153 is a key participant in both import and export. During the transition into mitosis, Nup153 directs proteins involved in membrane remodeling to the nuclear envelope. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29562644,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29650801,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29522138,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26288713,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29235894,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26367195,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25762180,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28441920,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30001163,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29616317,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26389774,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27931243,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27226728,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24746271,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29785143,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28336242 | Is pacritinib effective for treatment of myelofibrosis? | Yes. Pacritinib (PAC), a multi-kinase inhibitor with specificity for JAK2, FLT3, and IRAK1 but sparing JAK1, has demonstrated clinical activity in myelofibrosis with minimal myelosuppression. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855821 | How can PEGylation improve recombinant drugs? | PEGylation primarily improves pharmacokinetics and helps to prevent adverse drug reactions, by increasing the molecular mass of proteins and peptides and shielding them from proteolytic enzymes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29053963,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30515690 | Can exposure to heavy metals like lead(Pb) or cadmium(Cd) cause changes in DNA methylation patterns in Isoetes sinensis? | Changes in DNA methylation of the endangered plant, Isoetes sinensis, have be shown to be affected by both Pb and Cd |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27354700 | Describe GeneCodeq | The exponential reduction in cost of genome sequencing has resulted in a rapid growth of genomic data. Most of the entropy of short read data lies not in the sequence of read bases themselves but in their Quality Scores-the confidence measurement that each base has been sequenced correctly. Lossless compression methods are now close to their theoretical limits and hence there is a need for lossy methods that further reduce the complexity of these data without impacting downstream analyses. GeneCodeq is a Bayesian method inspired by coding theory for adjusting quality scores to improve the compressibility of quality scores without adversely impacting genotyping accuracy. Its model leverages a corpus of k-mers to reduce the entropy of the quality scores and thereby the compressibility of these data (in FASTQ or SAM/BAM/CRAM files), resulting in compression ratios that significantly exceeds those of other methods. GeneCodeq can be combined with existing lossy compression schemes to further reduce entropy and allows the user to specify a reference panel of expected sequence variations to improve the model accuracy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28011643,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15039372,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17449317,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25666684 | Has Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) been reported to be a plasminogen receptor in pathogenic bacteria? | Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has been reported to be a plasminogen receptor in many pathogenic bacteria. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29961568 | Which de novo truncating mutations in WASF1 cause intellectual disability? | De novo truncating mutations in WAS protein family member 1 (WASF1) were identified in five unrelated individuals with moderate to profound intellectual disability with autistic features and seizures. WASF1, also known as WAVE1, is part of the WAVE complex and acts as a mediator between Rac-GTPase and actin to induce actin polymerization. The three mutations connected by Matchmaker Exchange were c.1516C>T (p.Arg506Ter), which occurs in three unrelated individuals, c.1558C>T (p.Gln520Ter), and c.1482delinsGCCAGG (p.Ile494MetfsTer23). All three variants are predicted to partially or fully disrupt the C-terminal actin-binding WCA domain. Functional studies using fibroblast cells from two affected individuals with the c.1516C>T mutation showed a truncated WASF1 and a defect in actin remodeling. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29167924 | Can CPX-351 be used for the treatment of tuberculosis? | No, CPX-351 is a novel liposomal formulation of cytarabine and daunorubicin which has recently been FDA approved for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11535617,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25602437,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25942622,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17724121,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10806081,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29791854,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23591820,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30366908,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11598013,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25485891,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9348540,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10921874,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567018,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8794857,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15229283,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11839768,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25845599 | Which proteins form the nuclear pore basket in human cells? | Nup133 Is Required for Proper Nuclear Pore Basket Assembly and Dynamics in Embryonic Stem Cells. Moreover, the association of TREX-2 with the NPC requires the basket nucleoporins NUP153 and TPR, but is independent of transcription. The nucleoporin Nup153 is required for nuclear pore basket formation, nuclear pore complex anchoring and import of a subset of nuclear proteinsNup133 Is Required for Proper Nuclear Pore Basket Assembly and Dynamics in Embryonic Stem Cells. Here we show that the NPC basket proteins Nup1 and Nup60 directly induce membrane curvature by amphipathic helix insertion into the lipid bilayer Moreover, the association of TREX-2 with the NPC requires the basket nucleoporins NUP153 and TPR, but is independent of transcription.Nup133 Is Required for Proper Nuclear Pore Basket Assembly and Dynamics in Embryonic Stem Cells. The nuclear pore complex basket proteins Nup1 and Nup60 directly induce membrane curvature by amphipathic helix insertion into the lipid bilayer. The nucleoporin Nup153 is required for nuclear pore basket formation, nuclear pore complex anchoring and import of a subset of nuclear proteins.Nup133 Is Required for Proper Nuclear Pore Basket Assembly and Dynamics in Embryonic Stem Cells. Here we show that the NPC basket proteins Nup1 and Nup60 directly induce membrane curvature by amphipathic helix insertion into the lipid bilayer The nucleoporin Nup153 is required for nuclear pore basket formation, nuclear pore complex anchoring and import of a subset of nuclear proteins |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22475052 | Does lucatumumab bind to CD140? | No, lucatumumab is a fully humanized anti-CD40 antibody that blocks interaction of CD40L with CD40 and also mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27009270,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15034571,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29090408,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22591194,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29367439,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20582873,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27605553,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30497978,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21445803,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19183864,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27273088,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24853414,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18551622,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23978556,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29159344,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18673445,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19938902,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23393146 | What is the mechanism of action of arimoclomol? | Arimoclomol is a heat shock protein co-inducer that promotes nascent protein folding. It enhances the ability of differentiated neurons to survive heat shock. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21460187,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29844364,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29072354 | What are the effects of STEF depletion? | The mechanisms regulating the actin cap are currently poorly understood. STEF/TIAM2, a Rac1 selective guanine nucleotide exchange factor, localises at the nuclear envelope, co-localising with the key perinuclear proteins Nesprin-2G and Non-muscle myosin IIB (NMMIIB), where it regulates perinuclear Rac1 activity. STEF depletion reduces apical perinuclear actin cables (a phenotype rescued by targeting active Rac1 to the nuclear envelope), decreases nuclear stiffness and reduces expression of TAZ-regulated genes, indicating an alteration in mechanosensing pathways as a consequence of disruption of the actin cap. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26613224,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29310585,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27168928,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15230469 | Please list symptoms of measles. | The leading symptoms of the disease are high fever that presents after an incubation period of 9-10 days and the red rash that begins several days after the fever starts. Beyond specific generalized symptoms, measles may have ocular symptoms. The most commonly occuring satellite symptoms are conjunctivitis, coryza and cough. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28661267,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27160932,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28169856,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26587185,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28966073,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25516195,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26285662 | Does simvastatin improve outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage? | No. Simvastatin showed no benefits in decreasing the incidence of vasospasm, DCI, or all-cause mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage should not be treated routinely with simvastatin during the acute stage. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29044468 | Which databases can exchange data using Matchmaker Exchange's API? | Matchmaker Exchange (MME) was created to establish a federated network connecting databases of genomic and phenotypic data using a common application programming interface (API). To date, seven databases can exchange data using the API: GeneMatcher, PhenomeCentral, DECIPHER, MyGene2, matchbox, Australian Genomics Health Alliance Patient Archive, and Monarch Initiative; the latter included for model organism matching. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20200024,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23363814 | Is pazopanib an effective treatment of glioblastoma? | No. Pazopanib does not improve survival of glioblastoma patients. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30183240,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26262468,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11782648,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28363615,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28965519,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29891469,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24971221,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25933807,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28764972 | What is the purpose of the Ottawa Ankle Rule? | Ottawa Ankle Rules is a clinical decision tool used to minimize unnecessary radiographs in ankle and foot injuries. It shows the areas of tenderness to be evaluated in ankle trauma patients to determine the need for imaging. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29796177,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30374348,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30117315,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29770915,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30479695,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26193342,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28405516,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29670256,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27737921,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27233495,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28193155,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25822800,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28826097,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27959923,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30261315,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29344893 | What is CIBERSORT used for? | CIBERSORT is a versatile computational method for characterizing cell composition of complex tissues from their gene expression profiles.We recently described CIBERSORT, a versatile computational method for quantifying cell fractions from bulk tissue gene expression profiles (GEPs). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29562236 | Are de novo mutations in regulatory elements responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders? | Yes. De novo mutations in highly evolutionarily conserved fetal brain-active elements are significantly and specifically enriched in neurodevelopmental disorders. It is estimated that, genome-wide, 1-3% of patients without a diagnostic coding variant carry pathogenic de novo mutations in fetal brain-active regulatory elements and that only 0.15% of all possible mutations within highly conserved fetal brain-active elements cause neurodevelopmental disorders with a dominant mechanism. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27291997,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28778132,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29191969,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29497315,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413687,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24816152,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28620891,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30353601,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28917265,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30513001,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29478115,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28838379,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27995580,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28745071,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28447475,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28691538,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30406840,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29263653,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24452395,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28187274,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28734947 | Which molecule is targeted by Olaratumab? | Olaratumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that binds to platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα). It is used for treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29119300,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16970875,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28498087,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29722936,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18817720,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20864184,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25151976,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19913659,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24019622,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30325890,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29112476 | What is PANDAS disease? | PANDAS stands for (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection) and has been suggested to be a result of a disordered immune response following an infection causing neuropsychiatric symptoms. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15703218,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29376029 | Are phagosomal proteins ubiquitinated? | Yes,
Phagosomal proteins are ubiquitylated, and ubiquitylation was found to be required for formation of acidic multivesicular structures. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303998 | A herd immunity of what percentage of the population is required to prevent sporadic outbreaks? | A herd immunity of 95% of the population is required to prevent sporadic outbreaks. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28231719,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28729154,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29773326 | Does tremelimumab improve survival of mesothelioma patients? | No. Tremelimumab did not significantly prolong overall survival compared with placebo in patients with previously treated malignant mesothelioma. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29770715 | Can enasidenib be used for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia? | Yes, enasidenib has been approved for the treatment of adults with relapsed and refracctory acture myelogenous leukemia with an IDH2 mutation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24184575,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27780404,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28734578,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28034848,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27895032,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18620092,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25568918,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28904208,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22749189,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18374195 | What membrane proteins constitute TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)? | Tyro3, Axl, and Mer are integral membrane proteins that constitute TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs).TAM-family RTKs AXL and Mer (MerTK). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28450637 | What are the effects of the deletion of all three Pcdh clusters (tricluster deletion) in mice? | Multicluster Pcdh diversity is required for mouse olfactory neural circuit assembly. The vertebrate clustered protocadherin (Pcdh) cell surface proteins are encoded by three closely linked gene clusters (Pcdhα, Pcdhβ, and Pcdhγ). Although deletion of individual Pcdh clusters had subtle phenotypic consequences, the loss of all three clusters (tricluster deletion) led to a severe axonal arborization defect and loss of self-avoidance.The vertebrate clustered protocadherin (Pcdh) cell surface proteins are encoded by three closely linked gene clusters (Pcdhα, Pcdhβ, and Pcdhγ). Although deletion of individual Pcdh clusters had subtle phenotypic consequences, the loss of all three clusters (tricluster deletion) led to a severe axonal arborization defect and loss of self-avoidance. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29378418 | What is CPX351? | CPX-351, a novel liposomal formulation which encapsulates cytarabine and daunorubicin in 5:1 molar ratio, has shown promising efficacy, leading to recent US FDA approval for front-line therapy for patients with therapy-related AML and AML with myelodysplasia-related changes based on a large multicenter Phase III clinical trial. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29146366,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29144022,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28929384 | Is collagen the most abundant human protein? | Yes, collagen is the most abundant protein family in mammals. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23242657,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28842125,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22011751,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22735911 | What micro-RNAs are useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of Heart Failure? | In particular, miR-214, miR-423-5p, appear to be promising for the diagnosis, prognosis and management of HF patients. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29670690 | What is ivosidenib? | AG-120 (ivosidenib) ia an inhibitor of the IDH1 mutant enzyme that exhibits profound 2-HG lowering in tumor models and the ability to effect differentiation of primary patient AML samples ex vivo. Preliminary data from phase 1 clinical trials enrolling patients with cancers harboring an IDH1 mutation indicate that AG-120 has an acceptable safety profile and clinical activity. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21102410,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24768001,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138484,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288197 | List proteins interacting with Star-PAP | Phosphorylation regulates the Star-PAP-PIPKIα interaction and directs specificity toward mRNA targets.
Star-PAP directly associated with cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) 160 and 73 subunits and also the targeted pre-mRNA.
we show that Larp7 interacts with a poly(A) polymerase Star-PAP to maintain Lin28 mRNA stability. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28723606,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29140814,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29934719,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30383334,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30095537,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27508888,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29193050 | Describe symptoms of the Visual snow syndrome. | Visual snow (VS) is a constant visual disturbance described as flickering dots occupying the entire visual field. Recently, it was characterized as the defining feature of a VS syndrome (VSS), which includes palinopsia, photophobia, photopsias, entoptic phenomena, nyctalopia, and tinnitus. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23203635,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22303017,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24699650,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30296411 | What is the role of the Leucosporidium ice-binding protein | Arctic yeast Leucosporidium sp. produces a glycosylated ice-binding protein (LeIBP) with a molecular mass of ∼25 kDa, which can lower the freezing point below the melting point once it binds to ice. ce-binding proteins (IBPs) inhibit ice growth through direct interaction with ice crystals to permit the survival of polar organisms in extremely cold environments. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24957906,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29769354 | Is the enzyme ERAP2 associated with the disease birdshot chorioretinopathy? | Yes,
BSCR is also associated with endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2), an enzyme involved in processing HLA class I ligands. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30102239 | As of September 2018, what machine learning algorithm is used to for cardiac arrhythmia detection from a short single-lead ECG recorded by a wearable device? | Support Vector machines( SVM) can be used for cardiac arrhythmia detection in from an ECG recorded by a wearable device.SVM approach for cardiac arrhythmias detection in short single-lead ECG recorded by a wearable device |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819169,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29413685,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29893894,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26540314 | Does Panitumumab prolong survival of biliary tract cancer patients? | No. Panitumumab in combination with chemotherapy does not improve survival of biliary cancer patients. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822311,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22003227 | Which microRNA is the mediator of the obesity phenotype of patients carrying 1p21.3 microdeletions? | MIR137 is the mediator of the obesity phenotype of patients carrying 1p21.3 microdeletions. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26132585,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28620450,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26770261,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30097312,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22912679,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29532008,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30181556,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19948017,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27634906,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29727689,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26354892,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26813959,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28472085,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26671300,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23106814,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27312051 | What is the aim of the METABRIC project? | The METABRIC [Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium] cohort aims at the integration of genomic and transcriptomic profiles of 2000 breast tumours. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24555495 | Name 3 diseases for which lucatumumab is being tested? | Lucatumumab is being tested as treatment for malignancies such as chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), Multiple Myeloma (MM), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23771139,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21896491 | Which transcription factor binding site is contained in Alu repeats? | A novel abundant NF-κB-binding site resides in specialized Alu-repetitive elements having the potential for long range transcription regulation, thus suggesting that in addition to its known role, NF-κB has a primate-specific function and a role in human evolution.Remarkably, we identified a novel abundant NF-κB-binding site residing in specialized Alu-repetitive elements having the potential for long range transcription regulation, thus suggesting that in addition to its known role, NF-κB has a primate-specific function and a role in human evolution.Remarkably, we identified a novel abundant NF-κB-binding site residing in specialized Alu-repetitive elements having the potential for long range transcription regulation, thus suggesting that in addition to its known role, NF-κB has a primate-specific function and a role in human evolution. A de novo motif enrichment analysis uncovers secondary TFBSs (AP1, SP1) at characteristic distances from NF-κB/RelA TFBSs. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29127238,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29274359,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29175614,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28515173,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28494534 | What is ferroptosis? | Ferroptosis is a newly defined iron-dependent, non-apoptotic mode of cell death with necrotic morphology. Ferroptosis is a new mode of regulated cell death, which is completely distinct from other cell death modes based on morphological, biochemical, and genetic criteria. Ferroptosis is a form of oxidative cell death and has become a chemotherapeutic target for cancer treatment |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29410262,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27338580,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30341655,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28472017,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26171430,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25783358,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27901639,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26108140,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27638274,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28145968,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28549006,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29218664 | What disease is treated with Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy (LHM)? | To compare the outcome of per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) for the treatment of esophageal achalasiaLaparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) is the preferred surgical method for treating achalasia. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30360730 | Name 4 side effects of enasidenib | Enasidenib is found to be associated with certain adverse effects like elevated bilirubin level, diarrhea, differentiation syndrome, decreased potassium and calcium levels etc. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22861192 | Is lucatumumab a polyclonal antibody? | No, lucatumumab is a a monoclonal antibody against CD40. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22795212,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21546092,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29699523,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26346049,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24533537,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29665120,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28471534,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28302702,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28723978,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24884399 | What is evaluated with the SAD PERSONS scale? | SAD PERSONS scale was developed to evaluate suicide risk. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29439500,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28969863,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29428356,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29846502,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29047032,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28026754,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29266819 | Briefly describe a deep learning system that is more accurate than human experts at detecting melanoma. | in August of 2018 a study was published where a Convolutional Neural Network's (CNN) diagnostic performance was compared with a large international group of 58 dermatologists, including 30 experts. Most dermatologists were outperformed by the CNN, the CNN had both higher sensitivity and specificity. |