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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8275567,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687348,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7573151,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24615390,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25691420,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792360 | List features of the Kaufman Oculocerebrofacial Syndrome. | Clinical features of the Kaufman Oculocerebrofacial Syndrome include hypotonia, developmental delay, intellectual disability, low cholesterol levels, microcephaly, long narrow face, ocular anomalies, and long thin hands and feet. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544571 | What is the role of DNA Repair Cofactors ATMIN and NBS1? | The DNA double-strand break signaling kinase ATM and its cofactor NBS1 are required during T cell development and for the maintenance of genomic stability. The role of a second ATM cofactor, ATMIN (also known as ASCIZ) in T cells is much less clear, and whether ATMIN and NBS1 function in synergy in T cells is unknown.The DNA Repair Cofactors ATMIN and NBS1 are required to suppress T Cell activation. Loss of NBS1 led to a developmental block at the double-positive stage of T cell development, as well as reduced TCRα recombination, that was unexpectedly neither exacerbated nor alleviated by concomitant loss of ATMIN. In contrast, loss of both ATMIN and NBS1 enhanced DNA damage that drove spontaneous peripheral T cell hyperactivation, proliferation as well as excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, leading to a highly inflammatory environment. Intriguingly, the disease causing T cells were largely proficient for both ATMIN and NBS1. In vivo this resulted in severe intestinal inflammation, colitis and premature death. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7686463,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26265115 | The MMR vaccine protects against what 3 viruses? | The MMR vaccine provides immunity to measles, mumps and rubella. measles, mumps and rubella (mmr) vaccine . |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26354489,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27411173,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27385299,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16938764,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20200814,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11196451,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12429595,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27698338,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17880786,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15217518,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27555148,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12752575,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22538409,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20687490,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21656342,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26243364 | List cardinal features of the Triple A syndrome. | Triple A syndrome, also known as Allgrove syndrome, is a rare disease, and presents mainly in children. Its cardinal symptoms are achalasia, alacrima, and adrenal insufficiency. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27197224 | Describe the applicability of Basset in the context of deep learning | Basset is an open source package which applies CNNs to learn the functional activity of DNA sequences from genomics data. Basset was trained on a compendium of accessible genomic sites mapped in 164 cell types by DNase-seq, and demonstrated greater predictive accuracy than previous methods. Basset predictions for the change in accessibility between variant alleles were far greater for Genome-wide association study (GWAS) SNPs that are likely to be causal relative to nearby SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with them. With Basset, a researcher can perform a single sequencing assay in their cell type of interest and simultaneously learn that cell's chromatin accessibility code and annotate every mutation in the genome with its influence on present accessibility and latent potential for accessibility. Thus, Basset offers a powerful computational approach to annotate and interpret the noncoding genome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18411439,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25849507,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15987940,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12220663,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1923513,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23707396,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2649173,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15765532,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18810762,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12821941,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19563810,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9828110,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10590083 | Does the Abelson-related gene (ARG) gene encode for a serine kinase? | No, the ARG gene encodes for a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26336102,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21607086,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26189939,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18304778,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21687806,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25494920,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22662210,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25847026,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25266682,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20885922,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23473220,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19863554,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24351753 | What organism causes tularemia? | Francisella tularensis, the agent of tularemia, is a Gram-negative coccobacillus primarily pathogen for animals and occasionally for humans. F. tularensis is the causative agent of zoonotic tularemia. Francisella tularensis, the agent of tularemia, is a Gram-negative coccobacillus primarily pathogen for animals and occasionally for humans.Francisella tularensis, the agent of tularemia, is a Gram-negative coccobacillus primarily pathogen for animals and occasionally for humans. francisella tularensis, the agent of tularemia, is a gram-negative coccobacillus primarily pathogen for animals and occasionally for humans. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19549842,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11595938,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25435307,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25977791 | Is Prochlorococcus the most abundant photosynthetic organism? | Yes, the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the smallest and most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24221466,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22454754,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15348989,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26922651,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9121757,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25383801,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27239579,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25390402,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27491854,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21563921,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12504719,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25802506,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24269400,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24766157 | List 3 features of IRVAN syndrome. | Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis is coined as IRVAN syndrome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27086681,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785741,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27533159,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27661220,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27567901,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26345307,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26445204,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26822080,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798848,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26548330,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26652782,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26886466,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27207595,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26596726,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23889692,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27186592,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26968977 | Which are the Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors that are FDA approved? | The PCSK9 inhibitors that are FDA approved are:
1) Alirocumab and
2) Evolocumab. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26440137,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27130691,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27690741,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26598956,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23688323,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27497276,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308331 | Is dupilumab an antibody targeting the IL-1 receptor? | No, Dupilumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the IL-4 receptor α subunit that blocks the signaling of IL-4 and IL-13, both key cytokines in Th2-mediated pathways. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24338165,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25553805,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27225853,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26286337,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23136357,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045359,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679246 | List active ingredients of the Stribild polypill. | Active ingredients of Stribild are elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine and tenofovir. It is used for treatment of HIV infection. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25517553,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25861374,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16835919,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258553,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22634751,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25541901,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24313804,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24617583,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14760276,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21108398 | List clinical features of the IMAGe syndrome. | Clinical features of IMAGe syndrome include intra-uterine growth restriction, metaphyseal dysplasia, adrenal hypoplasia congenita and genital abnormalities. It is s caused by gain-of-function mutations of maternally expressed gene CDKN1C on chromosome 11p15.5. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26440629,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22044414,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25848939 | Which gene mutations are predictive of response to anti-TNF therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients? | Μutations in TLR5 and TLR1 genes contribute to differential response to anti-TNF treatment in RA. Variation at FCGR2A and functionally related genes such as DHX32 and RGS12 is also associated with the response to anti-TNF therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19324892 | Which method is used for prediction of novel microRNA genes in cancer-associated genomic regions? | SSCprofiler is a computational tool utilizing a probabilistic method based on Profile Hidden Markov Models to predict novel miRNA precursors. Via the simultaneous integration of biological features such as sequence, structure and conservation, SSCprofiler achieves a performance accuracy of 88.95% sensitivity and 84.16% specificity on a large set of human miRNA genes. The trained classifier is used to identify novel miRNA gene candidates located within cancer-associated genomic regions and rank the resulting predictions using expression information from a full genome tiling array. SSCprofiler is freely available as a web service at http://www.imbb.forth.gr/SSCprofiler.html. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22291963,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21329878,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096807,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20347990,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690098,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172748,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16229457,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21895891,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25618846,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23184661,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20048053,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26522166,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17166288,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20227376,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18334479,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17107956,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27036862,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627621,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23569117,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17293877,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25781956,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22323608,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22463819,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17081967,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24824343,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22106264,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19403047,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17576589,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19782028,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24209620 | Does the histone chaperone ASF1 interact with histones H1/H2? | No, the histone chaperone ASF1 interacts with histones H3/H4. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23164031,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16833000,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19365132,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18022426,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23351454,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17493912,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16544232,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2267227,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15785401,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27833980,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8942272,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17713740,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18071280,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20954316,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22935827 | Is Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma usually a malignant tumor? | Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver (MHL) is an uncommon benign hepatic tumor typically affecting children under 2 years of age.Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver (MHL) is a benign and rare hepatic lesion, mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver (mhl) is an uncommon benign hepatic tumor typically affecting children under 2 years of age. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25707507,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10420194,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11424132,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22140374,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15805154,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2628819,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16970031,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18199584,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302256 | List clinical features of EEM syndrome. | EEM syndrome is characterized by ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly and macular dystrophy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25495907 | How many times is CLAST faster than BLAST? | was capable of identifying sequence similarities ~80.8 times faster than blast and 9.6 times faster than blat . CLAST was capable of identifying sequence similarities ~80.8 times faster than BLAST and 9.6 times faster than BLATCLAST was capable of identifying sequence similarities ~80.8 times faster than BLAST and 9.6 times faster than BLAT. clast was capable of identifying sequence similarities ~80.8 times faster than blast and 9.6 times faster than blat.CLAST is capable of identifying sequence similarities ~80.8 times faster than BLAST |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27167008,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26657634 | Which are the most common methods for circular RNA detection from RNASeq? | The main algorithms are circRNA_finder, find_circ, CIRCexplorer, CIRI, and MapSplice.Here, we use common RNAseq datasets to scrutinize and compare the output from five different algorithms; circRNA_finder, find_circ, CIRCexplorer, CIRI, and MapSplice and evaluate the levels of bona fide and false positive circRNAs based on RNase R resistance. Here, we use common RNAseq datasets to scrutinize and compare the output from five different algorithms; circRNA_finder, find_circ, CIRCexplorer, CIRI, and MapSplice and evaluate the levels of bona fide and false positive circRNAs based on RNase R resistance.CircRNAs are novel members of the non-coding RNA family. Several pipelines have been developed to specifically identify these non-linear reads and consequently predict the landscape of circRNAs based on deep sequencing datasets. Here, we use common RNAseq datasets to scrutinize and compare the output from five different algorithms; circRNA_finder, find_circ, CIRCexplorer, CIRI, and MapSplice and evaluate the levels of bona fide and false positive circRNAs based on RNase R resistance., use common rnaseq datasets to scrutinize and compare the output from five different algorithms; circrna_finder , find_circ , circexplorer , ciri , and mapsplice and evaluate the levels of bona fide and false positive circrnas based on rnase r resistance. . here, we use common rnaseq datasets to scrutinize and compare the output from five different algorithms; circrna.finder, find.circ, circexplorer, ciri, and mapsplice and evaluate the levels of bona fide and false positive circrnas based on rnase r resistance. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242022,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11606782,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23376443,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22692856,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10443698,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12448771,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17639037,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17132702,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11979056,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11824506,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17149693,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26732322,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23016759,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24975960,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21371463,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23503941 | From which cell type is leptin secreted? | leptin is mainly produced and secreted by adipocytes, but other tissues and gastric glands have also recently been shown to produce it in a dual (endocrine and exocrine) mode. Although leptin is produced mainly by white adipose tissue, several laboratories have shown low levels of leptin production by a growing number of tissues including the anterior pituitary gland. Although leptin is produced mainly by white adipose tissue, several laboratories have shown low levels of leptin production by a growing number of tissues including the anterior pituitary gland. Lipolysis (stimulated by beta-adrenergic agents) and leptin secretion by adipocytes are down-regulated by neurons in coculture, effects apparently mediated by neuropeptide Y (NPY)Although leptin is produced mainly by white adipose tissue, several laboratories have shown low levels of leptin production by a growing number of tissues including the anterior pituitary gland. Lipolysis (stimulated by beta-adrenergic agents) and leptin secretion by adipocytes are down-regulated by neurons in coculture, effects apparently mediated by neuropeptide Y (NPY). Leptin is mainly produced and secreted by adipocytes, but other tissues and gastric glands have also recently been shown to produce it in a dual (endocrine and exocrine) mode. Leptin was also detected in some microglobules in whole saliva obtained from four healthy volunteers. Co-localization for leptin, leptin receptor and glucocorticoid receptor in the same cell type suggested a functional relationship between glucocorticoid hormone and leptin secretion also at the level of the salivary glands. Leptin is mainly produced and secreted by adipocytes, but other tissues and gastric glands have also recently been shown to produce it in a dual (endocrine and exocrine) mode. Co-localization for leptin, leptin receptor and glucocorticoid receptor in the same cell type suggested a functional relationship between glucocorticoid hormone and leptin secretion also at the level of the salivary glands.Leptin is mainly produced and secreted by adipocytes, but other tissues and gastric glands have also recently been shown to produce it in a dual (endocrine and exocrine) mode.Co-localization for leptin, leptin receptor and glucocorticoid receptor in the same cell type suggested a functional relationship between glucocorticoid hormone and leptin secretion also at the level of the salivary glands. Leptin is mainly produced and secreted by adipocytes, but other tissues and gastric glands have also recently been shown to produce it in a dual (endocrine and exocrine) mode.Leptin is a 16 kDa protein that exerts important effects on the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure by interacting with the leptin receptor in the brain and in many other tissues. Although leptin is produced mainly by white adipose tissue, several laboratories have shown low levels of leptin production by a growing number of tissues including the anterior pituitary gland.Leptin was also detected in some microglobules in whole saliva obtained from four healthy volunteers. Co-localization for leptin, leptin receptor and glucocorticoid receptor in the same cell type suggested a functional relationship between glucocorticoid hormone and leptin secretion also at the level of the salivary glands. Although leptin is produced mainly by white adipose tissue, several laboratories have shown low levels of leptin production by a growing number of tissues including the anterior pituitary gland. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26304545 | Which tool is used for the identification of recurrent variants in noncoding regions? | LARVA is an integrative framework for large-scale analysis of recurrent variants in noncoding annotations. It integrates variants with a comprehensive set of noncoding functional elements, modeling the mutation counts of the elements with a β-binomial distribution to handle overdispersion. LARVA, moreover, uses regional genomic features such as replication timing to better estimate local mutation rates and mutational hotspots. Furthermore, LARVA highlights several novel highly mutated regulatory sites that could potentially be noncoding drivers. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19700363,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2187446,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16965880,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22250842,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24486016,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7366585 | What body parts are also known as phalanges? | The anatomical structure of each finger is comprised of four phalanges (distal, middle, proximal, and metacarpal phalange). Toes are also known as phalages |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26957512,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25990689,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25854337,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25505227 | Are selenium supplements recommended for prostate cancer prevention? | No. The SELECT study failed to show any significant risk reduction for prostate cancers ascribable to selenium and vitamin E supplementations. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15813666,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18822258,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16896079,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23473590,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16452346,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23032799,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118645,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15805380,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22821059,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22859930,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17533176,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15805381,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22791092 | Which disease is treated with lucinactant? | Lucinactant us used for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25989903,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973436,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25210768,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19854134,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25680078,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24106327,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21826286,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27492286,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21878619,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19169244 | Which proteins control the degradation of cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) in yeast? | Termination of cryptic unstable transcripts is directed by yeast RNA-binding proteins Nrd1 and Nab3. These cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) are rapidly degraded by the nuclear exosome. Key substrates for exosomal degradation include aberrant functional RNAs and cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs). Yeast RNA binding proteins Nrd1 and Nab3 direct termination of sn/snoRNAs and recently have also been implicated in premature transcription termination of the NRD1 gene. These results suggest that transcription termination of CUTs directed by Nrd1 and Nab3 is a prerequisite for rapid degradation by the nuclear exosome. Termination of cryptic unstable transcripts is directed by yeast RNA-binding proteins Nrd1 and Nab3. Key substrates for exosomal degradation include aberrant functional RNAs and cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs). These cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) are rapidly degraded by the nuclear exosome. These transcripts are targeted for degradation immediately after synthesis by the action of the Nrd1-exosome-TRAMP complexes. Cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) were recently described as a principal class of RNA polymerase II transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The exosome and its nuclear specific subunit Rrp6 form a 3'-5' exonuclease complex that regulates diverse aspects of RNA biology including 3' end processing and degradation of a variety of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and unstable transcripts. Known targets of the nuclear exosome include short (<1000 bp) RNAPII transcripts such as small noncoding RNAs (snRNAs), cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), and some stable unannotated transcripts (SUTs) that are terminated by an Nrd1, Nab3, and Sen1 (NNS) dependent mechanism. The MTREC complex physically interacts with the nuclear exosome and with various RNA-binding and RNA-processing complexes, coupling RNA processing to the RNA degradation machinery.Termination of cryptic unstable transcripts is directed by yeast RNA-binding proteins Nrd1 and Nab3 These cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) are rapidly degraded by the nuclear exosome. Yeast RNA binding proteins Nrd1 and Nab3 direct termination of sn/snoRNAs and recently have also been implicated in premature transcription termination of the NRD1 gene.Termination of cryptic unstable transcripts is directed by yeast RNA-binding proteins Nrd1 and Nab3. Yeast RNA binding proteins Nrd1 and Nab3 direct termination of sn/snoRNAs and recently have also been implicated in premature transcription termination of the NRD1 gene. These cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) are rapidly degraded by the nuclear exosome. These results suggest that transcription termination of CUTs directed by Nrd1 and Nab3 is a prerequisite for rapid degradation by the nuclear exosome. Key substrates for exosomal degradation include aberrant functional RNAs and cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs). Termination of cryptic unstable transcripts is directed by yeast RNA-binding proteins Nrd1 and Nab3Cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) were recently described as a principal class of RNA polymerase II transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These transcripts are targeted for degradation immediately after synthesis by the action of the Nrd1-exosome and Trf4/5-Air1/2-Mtr4 polyadenylation (TRAMP) complexes. The termination of cryptic unstable transcripts is directed by yeast RNA-binding proteins Nrd1 and Nab3. Known targets of the nuclear exosome include short (<1000 bp) RNAPII transcripts such as small noncoding RNAs (snRNAs), cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), and some stable unannotated transcripts (SUTs) that are terminated by an Nrd1, Nab3, and Sen1 (NNS) dependent mechanism. Recent work suggests Nrd1 is necessary for transcriptome surveillance, regulating promoter directionality and suppressing antisense transcription independently of, or prior to, Rrp6 activity. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22159035,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24389010,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23057747,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21085180 | Is there any involvement of L1 retrotransposition in the Rett syndrome? | Yes. Recent studies indicate that long interspersed nuclear element-1 (L1) are mobilized in the genome of human neural progenitor cells and enhanced in Rett syndrome and ataxia telangiectasia. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19332933,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25332567,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16321814,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2955886 | Is Downs syndrome associated with decreased risk of leukemia? | No, multiple studies have established the incidence of leukemia in Down's syndrome patients to be 10- to 20-fold higher than that in the general population. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27119237,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26667773,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27121262,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26846321,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25377318,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26988986,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25919767,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26558304,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25234165,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26709701,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138345,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26588946,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26658418,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27783987,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27325500,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26141494,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23514361,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26872892,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27261328,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26337806,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25456369,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27702799,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26811670,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26634271,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27259216,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25302026,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26947893 | Which enzyme is inhibited by ixazomib? | Ixazomib is proteasome inhibitor. It is used for treatment of multiple myeloma. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27284008,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26040332,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20529551,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23675525,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26318398,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23400816,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25649668,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26256967,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22683370,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23690465,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24164109,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21692990,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23974119,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21122852,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23261172,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25679794,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26495026,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24094767,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23106476,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21497351,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580899,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702855,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20716520,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26056005,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23141813,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22300679,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25463543,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24685817,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25905719,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26548330,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24603306,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22907332,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26088304,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19828345,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26364362,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436719,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26023080,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17493938,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22176652,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25744035,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25070550,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24144304,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25971287,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26195630 | Does PCSK9 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) binds with HDL-receptor (HDL-R)? | No, Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 (PCSK9) binds with LDL-receptor (LDL-R) causing its degradation in the lysosome with the result of LDL-C accumulating in the blood. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24203912,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26116527,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23874514,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22928730,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24704526,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26159259,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300062,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26122767,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25683797 | Hy's law measures failure for what organ? | Hy's law correlates enzyme elevations with liver injury ad subsequent failure. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26220911,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25633241,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27272887,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26644232,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27022911,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26806620,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26923915,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27486641,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24595547,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27747762,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27836567,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25973439,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23134988,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22257911,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27307707,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27168275,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827658,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23569359,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580094,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26783350,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27538241,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26660203,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24797159,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26807876,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503917,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26792812 | Is apremilast effective for psoriatic arthritis? | Yes, apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, is effective for psoriatic arthritis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24441682,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26578866,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27325115,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25600067,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25309323,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23431145,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25232744 | Is there any role of TBR1 in autism? | Yes. Exome sequencing studies have identified multiple genes harboring de novo loss-of-function (LoF) variants in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), including T-Brain-1 (TBR1), a master regulator of cortical development. T-brain-1 (TBR1) is a brain-specific T-box transcription factor. In 1995, Tbr1 was first identified from a subtractive hybridization that compared mouse embryonic and adult telencephalons. Previous studies of Tbr1 (-∕-) mice have indicated critical roles for TBR1 in the development of the cerebral cortex, amygdala, and olfactory bulb. Neuronal migration and axonal projection are two important developmental features controlled by TBR1. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19805216,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15522891,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22045335,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24234446,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23977294,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23376927,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17314092,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070963,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12059957,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12694531,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12087101,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25319829,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18824790,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19481678,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19357199,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23518502,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24947836,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19540846,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22918581,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23720738,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26582917,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286659,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23817338,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18606811,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12527764,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15108800,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26940553,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23864661,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19270162,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653632,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22351771,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21799014,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21460226,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19910535,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21196493 | What is the role of the MCM2-7 complex? | The MCM2-7 complex is a ring-shaped heterohexamer helicase, that unwinds the DNA double helix ahead of the other replication machinery. During pre-replication complex (pre-RC) formation, origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6, and Cdt1 cooperatively load a double-hexameric MCM2-7 complex onto DNA. Loading of MCM2-7 is a prerequisite for licensing of eukaryotic DNA replication. During S phase MCM2-7 functions as part of the replicative helicase but within the pre-RC MCM2-7 is inactive. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25398208,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27412092,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25252952,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24565280,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25183486,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20472541,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26539459,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27828710 | In which fields of DNA sequencing are Bloom filters applied? | A novel algorithm, fast and accurate classification of sequences (FACSs), is introduced that can accurately and rapidly classify sequences as belonging or not belonging to a reference sequence. Classification of DNA sequences using Bloom filters Lighter is a fast, memory-efficient tool for correcting sequencing errors.A novel algorithm, fast and accurate classification of sequences (FACSs), is introduced that can accurately and rapidly classify sequences as belonging or not belonging to a reference sequence. Classification of DNA sequences using Bloom filters. Further, we note that Bloom filters would be suitable to implicitly store spaced seeds and be tolerant to sequencing errors. Lighter avoids counting k-mers. Fast lossless compression via cascading Bloom filters. A novel algorithm, fast and accurate classification of sequences (FACSs), is introduced that can accurately and rapidly classify sequences as belonging or not belonging to a reference sequence. Classification of DNA sequences using Bloom filters. Instead, it uses a pair of Bloom filters, one holding a sample of the input k-mers and the other holding k-mers likely to be correct. Fast lossless compression via cascading Bloom filters. Lighter is a fast, memory-efficient tool for correcting sequencing errors. A novel algorithm, fast and accurate classification of sequences (FACSs), is introduced that can accurately and rapidly classify sequences as belonging or not belonging to a reference sequence. Classification of DNA sequences using Bloom filters. Instead, it uses a pair of Bloom filters, one holding a sample of the input k-mers and the other holding k-mers likely to be correct. Lighter is a fast, memory-efficient tool for correcting sequencing errors. Lighter avoids counting k-mers. Bloom Filters (BFs) reduce the memory footprint required to store millions of k-mers while allowing for fast set containment queries, at the cost of a low false positive rate (FPR). Cascading Bloom filters have been used to improve the memory usage and speed of DNA sequence compression.Further, we note that Bloom filters would be suitable to implicitly store spaced seeds and be tolerant to sequencing errors. It uses a pair of cache oblivious Bloom filters, one holding a uniform sample of [Formula: see text]-spaced sequenced [Formula: see text]-mers and the other holding [Formula: see text]-mers classified as likely correct, using a simple statistical test. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23590816,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23531960,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24222976,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23565717,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25826792,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25661549,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23039320,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26313898,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24991373,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23625271,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24986038 | Which 2 medications are included in the Qsymia pill? | Qsymia pill includes phentermine and topiramate. It is used for treatment of obesity. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26867946,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27189494,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26566923,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26780190,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26546616,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27695345,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25981810,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27538055,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26833519,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26323341,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24523439,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27511905,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24773312,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25646180,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26614022,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27376162,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27096888,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27636236,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27067394 | Is sonidegib effective for basal cell carcinoma? | Yes. Sonidegib, an oral smoothened antagonist, is indicated for the treatment of adults with locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (laBCC) who are not candidates for surgery or radiation therapy, or adults with recurrent laBCC following surgery or radiation therapy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27370569 | Which R package could be used for the identification of pediatric brain tumors? | MethPedThe MethPed R package efficiently classifies pediatric brain tumors using the developed MethPed classifier. MethPed is available via Bioconductor: http://bioconductor.org/packages/MethPed/The MethPed classifier, which is a multiclass random forest algorithm, based on DNA methylation profiles from many subgroups of pediatric brain tumors |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26519501 | Describe the usefulness of CAMUR in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) | CAMUR is a new method that extracts multiple and equivalent classification models. CAMUR iteratively computes a rule-based classification model, calculates the power set of the genes present in the rules, iteratively eliminates those combinations from the data set, and performs again the classification procedure until a stopping criterion is verified. CAMUR includes an ad-hoc knowledge repository (database) and a querying tool. Three different types of RNA-seq data sets (Breast, Head and Neck, and Stomach Cancer) were analyzed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and CAMUR and its models were validated also on non-TCGA data. Experimental results show the efficacy of CAMUR by obtaining several reliable equivalent classification models, from which the most frequent genes, their relationships, and the relation with a particular cancer are deduced. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21699408,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10585342,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8624312,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7544745,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15512289,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11084551,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8630836,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16378329,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7485343,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9166168,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25330176,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650125,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18306921,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14669430,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18839465 | Which markers are screened with the triple test for the detection of syndromes in fetus? | The markers that are screened with the triple test for the detection of syndromes in fetus are:
1) alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),
2) beta-chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-CG) and
3) unconjugated oestriol (uE3). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26537679,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27713878,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332356,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27196604,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9826771,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17404593,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15003254,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16101299,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25961797,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18243147,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11223263,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17804822,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22949507,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26147604,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24019758,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17233836,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27502417,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26029824,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8086335,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675874,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20969867,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19220000,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16226227,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10490619,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26476216,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14645574,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319663,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15641800,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8561893,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16596634,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15663936,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8806843,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23110116 | What is the role of TAD protein domain? | TAD domain is a transcription activation domain found in transcription factors. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27582466,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26117798,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24473392,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25994219,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24149621,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25855606,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26004688,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308238,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24063787,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27802187,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26362525,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26302456,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25588719,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24757148,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24196393,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26297315 | What is the function of lncRNA? | Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in a variety of biological processes, including the epigenetic control of gene expression, post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA, and cellular proliferation and differentiation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27583248,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26794715,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23719940,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16939780,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14727085,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23143101,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21059916,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18490724,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26704468,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842680,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27061439,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25619138,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27443883,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25968605,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18423480,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26814471,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16877764,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26850698,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24338844,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27693459 | What is the function of the exosome? | Exosomes are 40-100-nm vesicles released by most cell types after fusion of multivesicular endosomes with the plasma membrane. Exosomes contain proteins and RNA species and can mediate communication and immune responses. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28368371 | Which factors drive replisome disassembly during DNA replication termination and mitosis? | CUL-2LRR-1 and UBXN-3. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8798387,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12692127,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25764335,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1379232,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9869639,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1371280,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7513257,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8090778,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8312968,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21454497,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7503982,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17535246 | Does RNA polymerase II have RNA cleavage activity? | In addition to RNA synthesis, multisubunit RNA polymerases (msRNAPs) support enzymatic reactions such as intrinsic transcript cleavage. The eukaryotic transcription factor TFIIS enhances elongation and nascent transcript cleavage activities of RNA polymerase II in a stalled elongation complex.In addition to RNA synthesis, multisubunit RNA polymerases (msRNAPs) support enzymatic reactions such as intrinsic transcript cleavage. The transcription factor TFIIS zinc ribbon dipeptide Asp-Glu is critical for stimulation of elongation and RNA cleavage by RNA polymerase II.In addition to RNA synthesis, multisubunit RNA polymerases (msRNAPs) support enzymatic reactions such as intrinsic transcript cleavage. msRNAP active sites from different species appear to exhibit differential intrinsic transcript cleavage efficiency and have likely evolved to allow fine-tuning of the transcription process.In addition to RNA synthesis, multisubunit RNA polymerases (msRNAPs) support enzymatic reactions such as intrinsic transcript cleavage.The eukaryotic transcription factor TFIIS enhances elongation and nascent transcript cleavage activities of RNA polymerase II in a stalled elongation complex. The transcription factor TFIIS zinc ribbon dipeptide Asp-Glu is critical for stimulation of elongation and RNA cleavage by RNA polymerase IIComplexes of yeast RNA polymerase II and RNA are substrates for TFIIS-induced RNA cleavage. The RNA polymerase II elongation complex.yesThe RNA polymerase II elongation complex.SII is an RNA polymerase II-binding protein that stimulates transcription elongation and also activates nascent transcript cleavage by RNA polymerase II in elongation complexes in vitroFactor-dependent transcription elongation involves nascent RNA cleavage.The transcription factor TFIIS zinc ribbon dipeptide Asp-Glu is critical for stimulation of elongation and RNA cleavage by RNA polymerase IIThe eukaryotic transcription factor TFIIS enhances elongation and nascent transcript cleavage activities of RNA polymerase II in a stalled elongation complex.Here we show that in the presence of SII and nucleotides, transcript cleavage is detected during SII-dependent elongation but not during SII-independent transcription.Nascent RNA cleavage by arrested RNA polymerase II does not require upstream translocation of the elongation complex on DNA.In addition to RNA synthesis, multisubunit RNA polymerases (msRNAPs) support enzymatic reactions such as intrinsic transcript cleavage.msRNAP active sites from different species appear to exhibit differential intrinsic transcript cleavage efficiency and have likely evolved to allow fine-tuning of the transcription process.Complexes of yeast RNA polymerase II and RNA are substrates for TFIIS-induced RNA cleavage. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22310051,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23458408,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21206756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26080409,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22559821,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27185945 | Is there a sequence bias in MNase digestion patterns? | The cutting preference of MNase in combination with size selection generates a sequence-dependent bias in the resulting fragments.yesMicrococcal nuclease does not substantially bias nucleosome mapping. Signal variation in these simulations reveals an important DNA sampling bias that results from a neighborhood effect of MNase digestion techniques. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28814200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21622571,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26224629,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25734227,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24100029,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28035815 | Is NEMO a zinc finger protein? | NEMO function is mediated by two distal ubiquitin binding domains located in the regulatory C-terminal domain of the protein: the coiled-coil 2-leucine zipper (CC2-LZ) domain and the zinc finger (ZF) domain. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19272450,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17081995,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27754494,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7626141,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21177855,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15808512 | Does TFIIS affect nucleosome positioning? | Transcript cleavage factor TFIIS reactivates the backtracked complexes and promotes pol II transcription through the nucleosome. The same nucleosomes transcribed in the opposite orientation form a weaker, more diffuse barrier that is largely relieved by higher salt, TFIIS, or FACTTranscript cleavage factor TFIIS reactivates the backtracked complexes and promotes pol II transcription through the nucleosome. Efficient and rapid nucleosome traversal by RNA polymerase II depends on a combination of transcript elongation factors.We now show that although TFIIF or TFIIS alone is modestly stimulatory for nucleosome traversal, both factors together increase transcription through nucleosomes in a synergistic manner. Transcript cleavage factor TFIIS reactivates the backtracked complexes and promotes pol II transcription through the nucleosome. yesAfter partial uncoiling of nucleosomal DNA from histone octamer by Pol II and backtracking of the enzyme, nucleosomal DNA recoils on the octamer, locking Pol II in the arrested state. Histone chaperones and transcription factors TFIIS, TFIIF and FACT facilitate transcription through chromatin using different molecular mechanisms. Although TFIIF or TFIIS alone is modestly stimulatory for nucleosome traversal, both factors together increase transcription through nucleosomes in a synergistic manner.Transcript cleavage factor TFIIS reactivates the backtracked complexes and promotes pol II transcription through the nucleosome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28811850,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26548423,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28387957,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28899222,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28872070,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26049551,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26484403,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25759591,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25690134 | Which two cotransporters are inhibited by sotagliflozin? | Sotagliflozin works by inhibiting sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2). It is used for treatment of diabetes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24760109 | What is the administration route of IVIG in Alzheimer's disease patients? | IVIG is administered intravenously. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28298430,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29036597,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28948103 | What is metaSPAdes? | MetaSPAdes is a new versatile metagenomic assembler.While metagenomics has emerged as a technology of choice for analyzing bacterial populations, the assembly of metagenomic data remains challenging, thus stifling biological discoveries. Moreover, recent studies revealed that complex bacterial populations may be composed from dozens of related strains, thus further amplifying the challenge of metagenomic assembly. MetaSPAdes is a new versatile metagenomic assembler which addresses various challenges of metagenomic assembly by capitalizing on computational ideas that proved to be useful in assemblies of single cells and highly polymorphic diploid genomes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26484155,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28222791,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22960375,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899623,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25747664,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24916973,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835883,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28653622,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25530820,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28413449,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22479200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28035030 | What is measured through the NOMe-Seq methodology? | We have developed a method (NOMe-seq) that uses a GpC methyltransferase (M.CviPI) and next generation sequencing to generate a high resolution footprint of nucleosome positioning genome-wide using less than 1 million cells while retaining endogenous DNA methylation information from the same DNA strand. DNaseI-seq and NOMe-seq.NOMe-seq is a method that uses a GpC methyltransferase (M.CviPI) and next generation sequencing to generate a high resolution footprint of nucleosome positioning genome-wide using less than 1 million cells while retaining endogenous DNA methylation information from the same DNA strand. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22833514,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446625,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819907,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20023019,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353557,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25659138,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23651670,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28255560,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22719925,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22544737,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24939385,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22439727,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25535276,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22759512,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19487478,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19795912 | What is the function of the dormancy survival regulator (DosR) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | During this phase, at least 48 genes, collectively named Dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon, are important for the long-term survival of bacilli under a non-respiring state.The dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon, composed of 48 co-regulated genes, is held as essential for Mtb persistence to anti-tuberculosis drugs. The DosR regulon enables the pathogen to persist during lengthy hypoxia. Upon oxygen shift-down, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria can induce a genetic program characterized by halted duplication, which is called Non-replicating persistence (NRP). During this phase, at least 48 genes, collectively named Dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon, are important for the long-term survival of bacilli under a non-respiring state, a condition that bacilli encounter inside granulomatous lesions. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26173414,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25831092,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27488451,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28257851 | Which are the effects of ALDH2 deficiency? | In alcohol drinkers, ALDH2-deficiency is a well-known risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract cancers, i.e., head and neck cancer and esophageal cancer. Diabetic patients with ALDH2 mutations are predisposed to worse diastolic dysfunction.
These data demonstrate that ALDH2 deficiency enhances EtOH-induced disruption of intestinal epithelial tight junctions, barrier dysfunction, and liver damage. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9311882,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8107218 | What is the role of the positive effector of transcription (pet) in the hepatitis B virus? | This element, which we have named pet (positive effector of transcription), exerts its effect in cis in a position and orientation-dependent manner, suggesting that it may function as part of the nascent pregenome transcript. In the presence of this region, deletion of pet activates transcription from downstream promoters, suggesting that pregenome transcription complexes fail to reach the downstream promoters. In vitro transcription experiments support the model that pet is required for transcription elongation on the DHBV template. We speculate that pet is required to suppress transcription termination during the first passage of pregenome transcription complexes through a viral termination region on the circular viral DNA.PET (positive effector of transcription), exerts its effect in cis in a position and orientation-dependent manner, suggesting that it may function as part of the nascent pregenome transcript. In the presence of this region, deletion of pet activates transcription from downstream promoters, suggesting that pregenome transcription complexes fail to reach the downstream promoters. In vitro transcription experiments support the model that pet is required for transcription elongation on the DHBV template. We speculate that pet is required to suppress transcription termination during the first passage of pregenome transcription complexes through a viral termination region on the circular viral DNA.In the presence of this region, deletion of pet activates transcription from downstream promoters, suggesting that pregenome transcription complexes fail to reach the downstream promoters. In vitro transcription from downstream promoters, suggesting that pregenome transcription complexes fail to reach the downstream promoters. We speculate that pet is required to suppress transcription termination during the first passage of pregenome transcription complexes through a viral termination region on the circular viral DNA. In vitro transcription experiments support the model that pet is required for transcription elongation on the DHBV template. This element, which we have named pet , exerts its effect in cis in a position and orientation-dependent manner, suggesting that pregenome transcription complexes fail to reach the downstream promoters. We speculate that pet , exerts its effect in cis in a position and orientation-dependent manner, suggesting that it may function as part of the nascent pregenome transcript. This element, which we have named pet (positive effector of transcription), exerts its effect in cis in a position and orientation-dependent manner, suggesting that it may function as part of the nascent pregenome transcript.In the presence of this region, deletion of pet activates transcription from downstream promoters, suggesting that pregenome transcription complexes fail to reach the downstream promoters.In vitro transcription experiments support the model that pet is required for transcription elongation on the DHBV template.We speculate that pet is required to suppress transcription termination during the first passage of pregenome transcription complexes through a viral termination region on the circular viral DNA.This element, which we have named pet (positive effector of transcription), exerts its effect in cis in a position and orientation-dependent manner, suggesting that it may function as part of the nascent pregenome transcript. In the presence of this region, deletion of pet activates transcription from downstream promoters, suggesting that pregenome transcription complexes fail to reach the downstream promoters. In vitro transcription experiments support the model that pet is required for transcription elongation on the DHBV template.This element, which we have named pet (positive effector of transcription), exerts its effect in cis in a position and orientation-dependent manner, suggesting that it may function as part of the nascent pregenome transcript.This element, which we have named pet (positive effector of transcription), exerts its effect in cis in a position and orientation-dependent manner, suggesting that it may function as part of the nascent pregenome transcript. This element, which we have named pet , exerts its effect in cis in a position and orientation-dependent manner, suggesting that it may function as part of the nascent pregenome transcript. In vitro transcription experiments support the model that pet is required for transcription elongation on the DHBV template. We speculate that pet is required to suppress transcription termination during the first passage of pregenome transcription complexes through a viral termination region on the circular viral DNA. In the presence of this region, deletion of pet activates transcription from downstream promoters, suggesting that pregenome transcription complexes fail to reach the downstream promoters. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28746875 | What is the role of Kmt5a in liver? | H4K20 monomethylation maintains genome integrity by regulating proper mitotic condensation, DNA damage response, and replication licensing. In non-dividing hepatic cells, H4K20Me1 is specifically enriched in active gene bodies and dynamically regulated by the antagonistic action of Kmt5a methylase and Kdm7b demethylase. In liver-specific Kmt5a-deficient mice, reduced levels of H4K20Me1 correlated with reduced RNA Pol II release from promoter-proximal regions. Genes regulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism were most sensitive to impairment of RNA Pol II release. Downregulation of glycolytic genes resulted in an energy starvation condition partially compensated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and increased mitochondrial activity. This metabolic reprogramming generated a highly sensitized state that, upon different metabolic stress conditions, quickly aggravated into a senescent phenotype due to ROS overproduction-mediated oxidative DNA damage.Kmt5a Controls Hepatic Metabolic Pathways by Facilitating RNA Pol II Release from Promoter-Proximal Regions. H4K20 monomethylation maintains genome integrity by regulating proper mitotic condensation, DNA damage response, and replication licensing. In liver-specific Kmt5a-deficient mice, reduced levels of H4K20Me1correlated with reduced RNA Pol II release from promoter-proximal regions. Genes regulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism were most sensitive to impairment of RNA Pol II release. This metabolic reprogramming generated a highly sensitized state that, upon different metabolic stress conditions, quickly aggravated into a senescent phenotype due to ROS overproduction-mediated oxidative DNA damage. The results illustrate how defects in the general process of RNA Pol II transition into a productive elongation phase can trigger specific metabolic changes and genome instability. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7544967,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28762645,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8435921,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26885791,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2186790,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25603890,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28293257,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336176,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16724545,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10790815,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27050699,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11535421,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703125,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1552056,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9486677,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25141855,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24734193,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9589209 | Is tretinoin effective for photoaging? | Yes, Tretinoin is commonly used topically in the treatment of photoaging. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9637687,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11688564,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9192868,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23376107,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18342578,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25129108,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14973280,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15704126,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25285448,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8095484,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22357926 | What is the difference between ganglion mother cells (GMC) and intermediate neural precursor cells (INP) in Drosophila? | GMC divides only once to give rise to two post-mitotic cells (neurons or glia), whereas the INP can also self-renew, albeit for fewer rounds than a NSC, and generate GMCs |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28961785 | What is the FIRE (Functional Inference of Regulators of Expression) tool? | FIRE (Functional Inference of Regulators of Expression) is a tool to score both noncoding and coding SNVs based on their potential to regulate the expression levels of nearby genes.Methods to predict whether or not individual SNVs are likely to regulate gene expression would aid interpretation of variants of unknown significance identified in whole-genome sequencing studies. FIRE (Functional Inference of Regulators of Expression) is a tool to score both noncoding and coding SNVs based on their potential to regulate the expression levels of nearby genes. FIRE consists of 23 random forests trained to recognize SNVs in cis -expression quantitative trait loci (cis -eQTLs) using a set of 92 genomic annotations as predictive features. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27914101 | Does TUC.338 inhibit colorectal cancer? | No. TUC.338 is significantly up-regulated in colorectal cancers (CRC) tissue and CRC cell lines, and the up-regulated TUC.338 is associated with lymph node metastasis. TUC.338 acts as a novel oncogene by targeting the TIMP-1 gene thus promoting colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26899963,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29056905,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28573435,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28683005 | Describe mechanism of action of Napabucasin. | Napabucasin (BBI608) is an orally administered small molecule that blocks stem cell activity in cancer cells by targeting the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27796499 | Has ruxolitinib received FDA approval? | Yes, ruxolitinib is FDA approved. In 2011 the oral JAK2 kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib became the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for the treatment of myelofibrosis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22589733,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23355306,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20808889,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8458255,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10408447,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2644653,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15795314 | Do origins of replication close to yeast centromeres fire early or late? | Epigenetically-inherited centromere and neocentromere DNA replicates earliest in S-phase we discovered that each centromere is associated with a replication origin that is the first to fire on its respective chromosome.In yeast each centromere is associated with a replication origin that is the first to fire on its respective chromosome.Epigenetically-inherited centromere and neocentromere DNA replicates earliest in S-phase we discovered that each centromere is associated with a replication origin that is the first to fire on its respective chromosome. a neocentromere became the first to replicate and became associated with origin recognition complex (ORC) components. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10087779,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19277936,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17000494,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8888455,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11777528,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12053898,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10416137,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12808399 | Is scuba diving safe during pregnancy? | No, scuba diving should be avoided throughout pregnancy because the fetus is at an increased risk for decompression sickness during this activity. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19488064 | Does deflazacort have more side effects than prednisone? | Deflazacort produces fewer side effects than Prednisone in DMD patients. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28731887,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9507713,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26593037,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11814277 | Does echinacea increase anaphylaxis risk? | Yes, there is evidence that echinacea use is associated with anaphylaxis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28154140,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28643105,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27664583,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27725662 | Are neurexins localized at pre-synapses? | Yes, neurexins are localized at pre-synapses. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25071199,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27346350 | Is there any role of 5hmC in T-cell development and differentiation? | Yes. 5hmC is enriched in the gene body of highly expressed genes at all different stages of T-cell development in the thymus and that its presence correlates positively with gene expression. Further emphasizing the connection with gene expression, 5hmC is enriched in active thymus-specific enhancers and genes encoding key transcriptional regulators display high intragenic 5hmC levels in precursor cells at those developmental stages where they exert a positive effect. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8855950,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10037452,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11095670,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22342253,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9545369,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19043592,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/273896,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19270754,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9490799,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9607333,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8411173 | Which are the properties of mammalian GA-sequences? | In this article we identify for the first time explicitly the GA-sequences as a class of fractal genomic sequences that are easy to recognize and to extract, and are scattered densely throughout the chromosomes of a large number of genomes from different species and kingdoms including the human genome. most GA-sequences [1] shared chains of tetra-GA-motifs and contained upstream poly(A)-segments. Although not integral parts of them, Alu-elements were found immediately upstream of all human and chimpanzee GA-sequences with an upstream poly(A)-segment The article hypothesizes that genome navigation uses these properties of GA-sequences in the following way The article describes DNA sequences of mammalian genomes that are longer than 50 bases, but consist exclusively of G's and A's ('pure GA-sequences'). With the exception of a small number of poly-A-, poly-G-, poly-GA-, and poly-GAAA-sequences (combined<0.5%), all pure GA-sequences of the mammals tested were unique individuals, contained several repeated short GA-containing motifs, and shared a common hexa-nucleotide spectrum.GA-sequences are DNA sequences of mammalian genomes that are longer than 50 bases, but consist exclusively of G's and A's ('pure GA-sequences'). Although their frequency of incidence should be 10(-16) or smaller, the chromosomes of human, chimpanzee, dog, cat, rat, and mouse contained many tens of thousands of them ubiquitously located along the chromosomes with a species-dependent density, reaching sizes of up to 1300. All pure GA-sequences of the mammals tested were unique individuals, contained several repeated short GA-containing motifs, and shared a common hexa-nucleotide spectrum. At most 2% of the human GA-sequences were transcribed into mRNAs; all others were not coding for proteins. Although this could have made them less subject to natural selection, they contained many [corrected] times fewer point mutations than one should expect from the genome at large. In this article we identify for the first time explicitly the GA-sequences as a class of fractal genomic sequences that are easy to recognize and to extract, and are scattered densely throughout the chromosomes of a large number of genomes from different species and kingdoms including the human genome. most GA-sequences [1] shared chains of tetra-GA-motifs and contained upstream poly(A)-segments. Although not integral parts of them, Alu-elements were found immediately upstream of all human and chimpanzee GA-sequences with an upstream poly(A)-segment The article hypothesizes that genome navigation uses these properties of GA-sequences in the following way The article describes DNA sequences of mammalian genomes that are longer than 50 bases, but consist exclusively of G's and A's ('pure GA-sequences'). Although their frequency of incidence should be 10(-16) or smaller, the chromosomes of human, chimpanzee, dog, cat, rat, and mouse contained many tens of thousands of them ubiquitously located along the chromosomes with a species-dependent density, reaching sizes of up to 1300 [b].GA-sequences as a class of fractal genomic sequences that are easy to recognize and to extract, and are scattered densely throughout the chromosomes of a large number of genomes from different species and kingdoms including the human genome.The article hypothesizes that genome navigation uses these properties of GA-sequences in the following way. At most 2% of the human GA-sequences were transcribed into mRNAs; all others were not coding for proteins. The article describes DNA sequences of mammalian genomes that are longer than 50 bases, but consist exclusively of G's and A's . Hence, guanine and thymine share significant properties regarding complementarity to adenine, while the TA and GA sequences can stack in at least two mutually compatible ways within the DNA duplexes analyzed here. Although not integral parts of them, Alu-elements were found immediately upstream of all human and chimpanzee GA-sequences with an upstream poly-segment. With the exception of a small number of poly-A-, poly-G-, poly-GA-, and poly-GAAA-sequences , all pure GA-sequences of the mammals tested were unique individuals, contained several repeated short GA-containing motifs, and shared a common hexa-nucleotide spectrum. In this article we identify for the first time explicitly the GA-sequences as a class of fractal genomic sequences that are easy to recognize and to extract, and are scattered densely throughout the chromosomes of a large number of genomes from different species and kingdoms including the human genome. The article describes DNA sequences of mammalian genomes that are longer than 50 bases, but consist exclusively of G's and A's ('pure GA-sequences'). In this article we identify for the first time explicitly the GA-sequences as a class of fractal genomic sequences that are easy to recognize and to extract, and are scattered densely throughout the chromosomes of a large number of genomes from different species and kingdoms including the human genome. With the exception of a small number of poly-A-, poly-G-, poly-GA-, and poly-GAAA-sequences (combined<0.5%), all pure GA-sequences of the mammals tested were unique individuals, contained several repeated short GA-containing motifs, and shared a common hexa-nucleotide spectrum. At most 2% of the human GA-sequences were transcribed into mRNAs; all others were not coding for proteins The article hypothesizes that genome navigation uses these properties of GA-sequences in the following way Although not integral parts of them, Alu-elements were found immediately upstream of all human and chimpanzee GA-sequences with an upstream poly(A)-segment In this article we identify for the first time explicitly the GA-sequences as a class of fractal genomic sequences that are easy to recognize and to extract, and are scattered densely throughout the chromosomes of a large number of genomes from different species and kingdoms including the human genome. most GA-sequences [1] shared chains of tetra-GA-motifs and contained upstream poly(A)-segments. Although not integral parts of them, Alu-elements were found immediately upstream of all human and chimpanzee GA-sequences with an upstream poly(A)-segment The article hypothesizes that genome navigation uses these properties of GA-sequences in the following way In this article we identify for the first time explicitly the GA-sequences as a class of fractal genomic sequences that are easy to recognize and to extract, and are scattered densely throughout the chromosomes of a large number of genomes from different species and kingdoms including the human genome. In this article we identify for the first time explicitly the GA-sequences as a class of fractal genomic sequences that are easy to recognize and to extract, and are scattered densely throughout the chromosomes of a large number of genomes from different species and kingdoms including the human genome. The article hypothesizes that genome navigation uses these properties of GA-sequences in the following way The article describes DNA sequences of mammalian genomes that are longer than 50 bases, but consist exclusively of G's and A's ('pure GA-sequences'). Although their frequency of incidence should be 10(-16) or smaller, the chromosomes of human, chimpanzee, dog, cat, rat, and mouse contained many tens of thousands of them ubiquitously located along the chromosomes with a species-dependent density, reaching sizes of up to 1300 [b]. Alternating polypurine d(GA)n, sequences exhibit a considerable polymorphism Hence, guanine and thymine share significant properties regarding complementarity to adenine, while the TA and GA sequences can stack in at least two mutually compatible ways within the DNA duplexes analyzed here |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28545463 | What is the main focus of the CVE R/Bioconductor package? | The CVE package allows interactive variant prioritisation to expedite the analysis of cancer sequencing studies.CVE is an R package for interactive variant prioritisation in precision oncology. Leveraging Oncotator and the Drug Gene Interaction Database, CVE offers exploration of variants within single or multiple tumour exomes to identify drivers, resistance mechanisms and to assess druggability.interactive variant prioritisation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028909 | Are there ultraconserved genomic regions in the budding yeast? | Yes. In addition to some fundamental biological functions, ultraconserved genomic regions play an important role in the adaptation of S. cerevisiae to the acidic environment. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22347799 | Is davunetide being considered for the treatment of progressive supranuclear palsy? | Yes, Davunetide's efficacy and tolerability are being tested in a placebo-controlled study in PSP patients. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21697827,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29114019,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26805575 | What is the origin of XUT transcripts in yeast? | XUTs are a class of Xrn1-sensitive antisense regulatory non-coding RNA in yeastXUTs are a class of Xrn1-sensitive antisense regulatory non-coding RNA in yeast.Antisense long non-coding (aslnc)RNAs represent a substantial part of eukaryotic transcriptomes that are, in yeast, controlled by the Xrn1 exonuclease. Nonsense-Mediated Decay (NMD) destabilizes the Xrn1-sensitive aslncRNAs (XUT), but what determines their sensitivity remains unclear. 3' single-stranded (3'-ss) extension mediates XUTs degradation by NMD, assisted by the Mtr4 and Dbp2 helicases. Single-gene investigation, genome-wide RNA analyses, and double-stranded (ds)RNA mapping revealed that 3'-ss extensions discriminate the NMD-targeted XUTs from stable lncRNAs. Ribosome profiling showed that XUT are translated, locking them for NMD activity. Interestingly, mutants of the Mtr4 and Dbp2 helicases accumulated XUTs, suggesting that dsRNA unwinding is a critical step for degradation. Indeed, expression of anticomplementary transcripts protects cryptic intergenic lncRNAs from NMD. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22833514,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21653552,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19553548,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23651670,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18294384,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17502400,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22759512 | How many genes constitute the DosR regulon, controlled by the dormancy survival regulator (DosR) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | The Mycobacterium dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon is composed of 48 co-regulated genes.During this phase, at least 48 genes, collectively named Dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon, are important for the long-term survival of bacilli under a non-respiring state, a condition that bacilli encounter inside granulomatous lesions. DosR/DevR of M. tuberculosis is a two component dormancy survival response regulator which induces the expression of 48 genes. During this phase, at least 48 genes, collectively named Dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon, are important for the long-term survival of bacilli under a non-respiring state, a condition that bacilli encounter inside granulomatous lesions. The dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon, composed of 48 co-regulated genes, is held as essential for Mtb persistence.The dormancy survival regulator regulon, composed of 48 co-regulated genes, is held as essential for Mtb persistence. The two component sensor/regulator dosRS is a major mediator in the transcriptional response of M. tuberculosis to hypoxia and controls a regulon of approximately 50 genes that are induced under this condition. During this phase, at least 48 genes, collectively named Dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon, are important for the long-term survival of bacilli under a non-respiring state, a condition that bacilli encounter inside granulomatous lesions.The dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon, composed of 48 co-regulated genes, is held as essential for Mtb persistence. During this phase, at least 48 genes, collectively named Dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon, are important for the long-term survival of bacilli under a non-respiring state, a condition that bacilli encounter inside granulomatous lesions. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28514207,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28721811,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28196106,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29113329,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28865774,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27171500 | Is autophagy modulated in a circadian fashion? | Yes, metabolic pathways, bile acid synthesis, and autophagic and immune/inflammatory processes are driven by the biological clock. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28973902 | Is Drk essential for anesthesia-resistant memory (ARM) in Drosophila? | Yes. Drk, the Drosophila ortholog of the adaptor protein Grb2, is essential for ARM within adult mushroom body neurons in Drosophila. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24495176 | What is oclacitinib? | Oclacitinib (APOQUEL(®)) is a Janus kinase inhibitor with activity against cytokines involved in allergy. It is a potent inhibitor of JAK1. It effectively controls clinical signs associated with allergic skin disease in dogs. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26748519,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26030525,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25959774,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25367294,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26431028,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25409831,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26518482 | Are TAD boundaries in Drosophila depleted in highly-expressed genes? | Drosophila inter-TADs harbor active chromatin and constitutively transcribed (housekeeping) genes.Furthermore, we find that these TAD boundaries are present irrespective of the expression and looping of genes located between them. Drosophila inter-TADs harbor active chromatin and constitutively transcribed genes. We conclude that epigenetic modifications, gene density, and transcriptional activity combine to shape the local packing of the A. thaliana nuclear genome. Drosophila inter-TADs harbor active chromatin and constitutively transcribed (housekeeping) genes. Furthermore, we find that these TAD boundaries are present irrespective of the expression and looping of genes located between them. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12554529,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28937520,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28654461,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28054583,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28267088,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339180,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20031296,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19055865,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27821514,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28878866,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21088621,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22796025,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28680366,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29163997 | List the two most important hematological features of the Evans syndrome | Evans syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder, which is characterized by immune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29058599 | Is there increased recombination rate in human regulatory domains? | No. There is evidence of significantly reduced recombination rate compared to matched control regions at human regulatory domains. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17620423,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26643807,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27052640,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21035151,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25398844,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23911595,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28259301,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26692525,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21896554,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20044633,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150385 | Is enzastaurin effective treatment of glioblastoma? | No. Enzastaurin does not improve prognosis of glioblastoma patients. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26789756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22393239,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19246569,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16248679,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28951178,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27992255,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24613878,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22821566 | Which yeast nucleosomes are preferentially marked by H2A.Z? | Yeast nucleosomes containing histone variant H2A.Z (Htz1p in yeast) are primarily composed of H4 K12ac and H3 K4me3.H2A.Z represses gene expression by establishing low gene accessibility at +1 nucleosome and maintaining high gene accessibility at -1 nucleosome. Ηigh measures of gene responsiveness correlate with the H2A.Z-associated closed +1 nucleosome structure.The H2A and H2A.Z nucleosomes have different sequence preferences. The shifted peaks coincide with DNA regions interacting with the histone loops. Deposition of the histone variant H2A.Z at gene bodies regulates transcription by modifying chromatin accessibility in plants. We showed that H2A.Z preferentially associated with H3K4me3 at promoters, while it was found with H3K27me3 at enhancers, and that H2A.Z deposition negatively correlated with gene expression. In addition, we demonstrated that H2A.Z represses gene expression by establishing low gene accessibility at +1 nucleosome and maintaining high gene accessibility at -1 nucleosome. We further showed that the high measures of gene responsiveness correlate with the H2A.Z-associated closed +1 nucleosome structure. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21153679,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090987,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28259301,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25758746 | Is dasatinib effective for treatment of glioblastoma? | No, dasatinib is ineffective for treatment of glioblastoma and is associated with significant toxicity. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28407038 | Which algorithm is available for computing minimal absent words using external memory? | emMAWemMAW is the first external-memory algorithm for computing minimal absent words. A free open-source implementation of this algorithm is available. This implementation requires less than 3 h on a standard workstation to process the full human genome when as little as 1 GB of RAM is made available. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24760112 | Has IVIG been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease? | Yes, IVIG has been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3056562,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25315465,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23266205,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2724231,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3585870,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25134295,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23184140,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25966437,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22855114 | Which type of urinary incontinence is diagnosed with the Q tip test? | Stress urinary incontinence is diagnosed with the Q tip test. The test evaluates urethral mobility. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9181534,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9082794,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27554507,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21074280,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10864107,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18468843,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/135896,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22803405,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26846544,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22242470,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17456652,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025311,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161728 | Does a tonsillectomy affect the patient's voice? | Some patients complaint for dry throat, foreign body sensation or voice change after tonsillectomy. Group B had a better awareness of tooth damage . There were no differences in secondary outcomes across treatment groups. The incidence rates of voice change, velopharyngeal insufficiency, bleeding, constipation, dehydration, and pain were measured. yes Some patients complaint for dry throat, foreign body sensation or voice change after tonsillectomy. There is no dose-escalation response to dexamethasone (0.0625-1.0 mg/kg) in pediatric tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy patients for preventing vomiting, reducing pain, shortening time to first liquid intake, or the incidence of voice change.Voice change, reported by approximately 70% of all patients, was the most common complaint, but it resolved in all instances. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27863149,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28844088,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27678529,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27821552,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28519900,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28585220,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28578473,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28089741 | List the four most important interferonopathies | Aicardi-Goutières syndrome
chilblain lupus
ubiquitin specific peptidase 18 (USP18)-deficiency
Singleton-Merten syndromeInappropriate upregulation of type I IFN signaling and interferon-stimulated gene expression have been linked to several CNS diseases termed "interferonopathies" including Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, ubiquitin specific peptidase 18 (USP18)-deficiency, haploinsufficiency in A20, otulipenia, familial chiblain lupus. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28355556 | List the partners of budding yeast Cdc48 that are important for disassembly of ubiquitylated CMG helicase at the end of chromosome replication | The ubiquitin-binding Ufd1-Npl4 complex recruits Cdc48 to ubiquitylated CMG helicase at the end of chromosome replication. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25995270,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28348222,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28977529,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25409831,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27312344 | How are topologically associating domains (TAD) associated with replication timing? | Topologically associating domains and their long-range contacts are established during early G1 coincident with the establishment of the replication-timing program. Topologically associating domains are stable units of replication-timing regulation.Topologically associating domains are stable units of replication-timing regulation. Both TADs and their long-range contacts are established during early G1 coincident with the establishment of the replication-timing program. Early and late replication correlate, respectively, with open and closed three-dimensional chromatin compartments identified by high-resolution chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), and, to a lesser extent, late replication correlates with lamina-associated domains (LADs).Topologically associating domains and their long-range contacts are established during early G1 coincident with the establishment of the replication-timing program. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18660821,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973436,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19096707,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27345571,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25680078,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18022358,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27113450,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21826286,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28468764,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22567365,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27492286,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19169243,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19169244 | How are cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) defined? | This resource includes deletions of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and other annotated ncRNAs as well as the more recently identified stable unannotated transcripts (SUTs) and cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) whose functions are largely unknown There is extensive transcription throughout the eukaryotic genome resulting in both antisense transcripts from coding regions and cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) from intergenic regions These cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) are rapidly degraded by the nuclear exosome. These results suggest that transcription termination of CUTs directed by Nrd1 and Nab3 is a prerequisite for rapid degradation by the nuclear exosome. It is likely that many of these are cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), which are rapidly degraded and whose function(s) within the cell are still unclear, while others may be novel functional transcripts. These recently identified transcripts either exist stably in cells (stable unannotated transcripts, SUTs) or are rapidly degraded by the RNA surveillance pathway (cryptic unstable transcripts, CUTs)There is extensive transcription throughout the eukaryotic genome resulting in both antisense transcripts from coding regions and cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) from intergenic regions. These cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) are rapidly degraded by the nuclear exosome. The transcription of CUTs predominantly arises within nucleosome-free regions, most of which correspond to promoter regions of bona fide genes. Most of the identified CUTs corresponded to transcripts divergent from the promoter regions of genes, indicating that they represent by-products of divergent transcription occurring at many and possibly most promoters. Regulatory mechanisms involving expression of a CUT are diverse and include attenuation, transcriptional interference, and alternative transcription start site choiceHere, by examining the overlap of stable (SUTs, stable unannotated transcripts) and unstable (CUTs, cryptic unstable transcripts) transcripts with protein-coding genes, we show that the predicted Nrd1 and Nab3-binding site sequences occur at differing frequencies. It is well established that eukaryotic genomes are pervasively transcribed producing cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs). These recently identified transcripts either exist stably in cells (stable unannotated transcripts, SUTs) or are rapidly degraded by the RNA surveillance pathway (cryptic unstable transcripts, CUTs) There is extensive transcription throughout the eukaryotic genome resulting in both antisense transcripts from coding regions and cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) from intergenic regions These cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) are rapidly degraded by the nuclear exosome. It is likely that many of these are cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), which are rapidly degraded and whose function(s) within the cell are still unclear, while others may be novel functional transcripts.Cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) were recently described as a principal class of RNA polymerase II transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.This resource includes deletions of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and other annotated ncRNAs as well as the more recently identified stable unannotated transcripts (SUTs) and cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) whose functions are largely unknown There is extensive transcription throughout the eukaryotic genome resulting in both antisense transcripts from coding regions and cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) from intergenic regions These cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) are rapidly degraded by the nuclear exosome. In this paper, we show that Nrd1 and Nab3 are required for transcription termination of CUTs These results suggest that transcription termination of CUTs directed by Nrd1 and Nab3 is a prerequisite for rapid degradation by the nuclear exosome. It is likely that many of these are cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), which are rapidly degraded and whose function(s) within the cell are still unclear, while others may be novel functional transcripts. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8989517,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8955148,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7916324,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8867791,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8573724,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8892234,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20925119 | How many Groucho-related genes (GRG) are contained in the mouse genome? | It spans approximately 7 kb on chromosome 10 and consists of seven exons. The groucho-related genes (Grg) of the mouse comprise at least four family members.The groucho-related genes of the mouse comprise at least four family members. The Grg gene encodes a 197 amino acid protein homologous to the amino-terminal domain of the product of the groucho gene of the Drosophila Enhancer of split complex. The murine grg products are believed to interact with transcription factors and repress transcription, thereby regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The groucho-related genes (Grg) of the mouse comprise at least four family members.We have isolated cDNAs representing multiple members of murine groucho homologues, designated Grg for groucho-related genes. The groucho-related genes (Grg) of the mouse comprise at least four family members. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26309397,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27756784,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26057634,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28230858,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27166186,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27872101,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28691737,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28436712,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27509307,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28481241,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26902851,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29145888 | What is mechanism of action of galunisertib? | Galunisertib is a transforming growth factor-β receptor type I kinase inhibitor (TGF-βRI). It was tested for treatment of solid cancers, including glioblastoma and neuroblastoma, and liver fibrosis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25764216,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27593562 | What is a coligo? | Coligos are circularized oligodeoxynucleotides |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28420443,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28709498 | What is the relationship of fyn kinase and tau? | The Fyn kinase interacts with tau. The activated Fyn kinase hyperphosphorylates the tau protein. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10706355,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27500536,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27312080,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15127758 | Which are the main manifestations of Ohdo syndrome? | Severe ID, absent or deficient language, skeletal manifestations including bilateral patella dislocations. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22908213,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22080555,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24984850,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23255150,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18428780,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27574198,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17993665,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12519945,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21975940,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24227676,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19957273 | Which algorithm is used by the UCSC Genome Browser? | The UCSC Genome Browser organizes data and annotations (called tracks) around the reference sequences or draft assemblies of many eukaryotic genomes and presents them using a powerful web-based graphical interface. The database is optimized to support fast interactive performance with the web-based UCSC Genome Browser, a tool built on top of the database for rapid visualization and querying of the data at many levels. The annotations for a given genome are displayed in the browser as a series of tracks aligned with the genomic sequence. Sequence data and annotations may also be viewed in a text-based tabular format or downloaded as tab-delimited flat files.The database tables underlying the Genome Browser tracks can be viewed, downloaded, and manipulated using another Web-based application, the UCSC Table Browser. The annotations for a given genome are displayed in the browser as a series of tracks aligned with the genomic sequence. Binary Alignment/Map , where the differences between the data set and the reference assembly may be displayed graphically. The Saved Session feature allows users to store and share customized views, enhancing the utility of the system for organizing multiple trains of thought. The University of California Santa Cruz is a popular Web-based tool for quickly displaying a requested portion of a genome at any scale, accompanied by a series of aligned annotation "tracks". The UCSC Genome Browser organizes data and annotations around the reference sequences or draft assemblies of many eukaryotic genomes and presents them using a powerful web-based graphical interface. The database is optimized to support fast interactive performance with the web-based UCSC Genome Browser, a tool built on top of the database for rapid visualization and querying of the data at many levels. The UCSC Genome Browser organizes data and annotations (called tracks) around the reference sequences or draft assemblies of many eukaryotic genomes and presents them using a powerful web-based graphical interface. The database is optimized to support fast interactive performance with the web-based UCSC Genome Browser, a tool built on top of the database for rapid visualization and querying of the data at many levels.The UCSC Genome Browser organizes data and annotations (called tracks) around the reference sequences or draft assemblies of many eukaryotic genomes and presents them using a powerful web-based graphical interface. The database is optimized to support fast interactive performance with the web-based UCSC Genome Browser, a tool built on top of the database for rapid visualization and querying of the data at many levels. The annotations for a given genome are displayed in the browser as a series of tracks aligned with the genomic sequence. Sequence data and annotations may also be viewed in a text-based tabular format or downloaded as tab-delimited flat files. The database tables underlying the Genome Browser tracks can be viewed, downloaded, and manipulated using another Web-based application, the UCSC Table Browser. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27480489,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28185187 | Which aminoacid position in the human CREB protein is phosphorylated? | pCREB is phosphorylated at its Serine 133. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980509,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28986257,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24453983,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10073572,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18487346,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1885560,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11208779,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24163365,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23385756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26448198,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28379181 | Which gene is the paralog of yeast UPC2? | the related transcription factors Ecm22 and Upc2 play a crucial role in Saccharomyces cerevisiae filamentation.Here, we examine the role of the related transcription factors Ecm22 and Upc2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae filamentation. The zinc cluster proteins Upc2 and Ecm22 promote filamentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by sterol biosynthesis-dependent and -independent pathways. zinc cluster proteins Upc2 and Ecm22 promote filamentationThe zinc cluster proteins Upc2 and Ecm22 promote filamentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by sterol biosynthesis-dependent and -independent pathways.Here, we examine the role of the related transcription factors ecm22 and upc2 in saccharomyces cerevisiae by sterol biosynthesis-dependent and -independent pathways.Here, we examine the role of the related transcription factors ecm22 and upc2 in saccharomyces cerevisiae filamentation.The zinc cluster proteins Upc2 and Ecm22 promote filamentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by sterol biosynthesis-dependent and -independent pathways. Here, we examine the role of the related transcription factors Ecm22 and Upc2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae filamentation. The zinc cluster proteins Upc2 and Ecm22 promote filamentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by sterol biosynthesis-dependent and -independent pathways. Here, we examine the role of the related transcription factors Ecm22 and Upc2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae filamentation.Here, we examine the role of the related transcription factors Ecm22 and Upc2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae filamentation. The zinc cluster proteins Upc2 and Ecm22 promote filamentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by sterol biosynthesis-dependent and -independent pathways.Here, we examine the role of the related transcription factors Ecm22 and Upc2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae filamentation.The zinc cluster proteins Upc2 and Ecm22 promote filamentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by sterol biosynthesis-dependent and -independent pathways.Here, we examine the role of the related transcription factors Ecm22 and Upc2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae filamentation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27374330,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27378359 | Where is the enzyme PM20D1 localized? | PM20D1 is enriched in UCP1+ adipocytes |