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Measurement of dead space | Fowler's method and Bohr's equation | Respiratory physiology mbbs

Respiratory physiology lecture on measurement of anatomical and physilogical dead space Buy Physiology Notes here: Download Android app for Physiology notes here: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.rogers.ezlep IOS app: https://apps.apple.com/in/app/myinstitute/id1472483563 (use org code:ezlep) Website: http://www.physiologyopen.com/ Buy our Practical Physiology book here: Amazon: https://www.amazon.in/Practical-Physiology-MBBS-OSPE-Examination/dp/9386480808 Flipkart: https://www.flipkart.com/practical-physiology-mbbs-objectively-structured-examination-ospe-per-revised-mci-curriculum/p/itme81715e9ff7d2 #physiology #MBBS1styear #physiologyopen

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dead space is the space in the respiratory system where no gas exchange takes place. So, when we inhale the air what happens that the air goes into the respiratory passages and via the respiratory passages it enters into the respiratory unit which consists of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and it is in this respiratory unit that gas exchange takes place. The air which remains in the conducting zone of the respiratory system there no gas exchange takes place. And if you know that this tracheobronchial tree actually consists of 23 divisions 23 divisions and in this 23 divisions the first 16 divisions are what we are considering the conducting zone or the dead space and because it is anatomically present means it cannot be avoided the air will go through that passage itself that is known as anatomical dead space and it is only in the last seven generations that is from the 17th to 23 divisions that gas exchange takes place and this is known as the respiratory zone or what I said was respiratory unit consisting of respiratory bronchioles then there is alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs. So that is anatomical dead space we spoke about but there is another kind of dead space known as physiological dead space and actually even though the name suggests it is physiological dead space there is nothing physiological about it rather it happens in pathological conditions in which there might be certain areas in the respiratory unit in which the gas is going the air is going but there is no perfusion in the area so what will happen if perfusion is not there will gas exchange take place no gas exchange will not take place. So these are areas where ventilation is there in the respiratory unit but perfusion is not there so that is kind of a wasted ventilation okay. So these areas become part of physiological dead space which is basically anatomical dead space because it is already existing plus the alveoli which are only ventilated and not perfused so that constitutes the physiological dead space. So let us see that how we have to measure these anatomical and physiological dead space. So first let us talk about the anatomical dead space measurement. Anatomical dead space is measured by a method known as Fowler's method. This is basically a technique in which the person takes a single breath of 100% oxygen that is not he is not inhaling the air but he is inhaling oxygen and after that he exhales completely as much as he can and we measure the amount of nitrogen washout understanding he is inhaling oxygen and we are measuring the nitrogen concentration in the exhaled air. Let us see the concept here what is happening see normally we are inhaling the air atmospheric air and this atmospheric air what is the composition around 79% nitrogen is there and 21% oxygen is there. So when we are inhaling the atmospheric air what is happening the alveoli what is its composition it is having both nitrogen as well as oxygen understanding nitrogen as well as oxygen and remember what is the amount of air which is present in the lungs if we are taking tidal expiration then the amount of air which is present in the lung is functional residual capacity which is approximately 2.3 liters so in this 2.3 liters there is a mixture of nitrogen oxygen and some carbon dioxide also is there. Now normally this air is filled everywhere right this is filled everywhere and this is filled here also in the respiratory passages. Now at this point we ask a person to inhale 100% oxygen so when the person inhales 100% oxygen what will happen that it will first go into the respiratory passages whenever we are inhaling the air is first going into the respiratory passes so this part will be filled with oxygen and whatever air was there which is the mixture of nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide it was moving inside understanding so this portion first becomes 100% oxygen and there is pushing of air which was already present in the respiratory passages into the lungs. Now say suppose this air is the amount 500 ml so some of it will remain in the respiratory passages and the rest will mix with the air which is already present in the lungs. Now the person starts exhaling and we measure the concentration of nitrogen in the exhale layer so let us see what will be the concentration of nitrogen as the person exhales. So we will draw it graphically what will happen when the person is exhaling the nitrogen concentration how it will change so suppose on y axis there is nitrogen concentration and on x axis with time we will record that what is the changes in the nitrogen concentration. So initially when the person starts exhaling which air will come out you see the air in the respiratory passages is going to come out and what is this air made up of it is made up of oxygen only because initially it gets filled then it is pushing right and the last portion of the inhaled oxygen remains in the dead space itself so when he exhales this last portion comes out first so what will be the nitrogen concentration in the exhaled air it will be zero initially because it is only 100% oxygen which is coming out right so there will be no nitrogen detected initially but as he is exhaling the air from down here will start coming and this air is basically a mix of the air which is coming out from the respiratory passages and which was present in the dead space so now the nitrogen concentration will start rising why because it consists of mixed alveolar air as well as the air in the dead space so let us draw that nitrogen concentration starts rising up till a point where its concentration almost becomes constant that means now the air which is present in the alveoli only is coming all the mixed air has come out and now only the alveolar air is coming so here what is this it is the pure 100% oxygen then this is the mixed alveolar air right and now here it is only the alveolar air so basically we can say this is only the dead space right this is dead space plus alveolar air okay and this is only the alveolar air so to determine the dead space what we do is that this rising portion in this rising portion at the midpoint we draw a vertical line such that it divides this line into two equal areas understanding so this and this will become equal and from the beginning to this point the air exhaled during this time that is the anatomical dead space so this technique known as Fowler's method or single breath nitrogen washout technique is used for measurement of the dead space now before we proceed on how to measure the physiological dead space just here I want to mention one interesting phenomena that happens that if a person continues exhaling what happens that this nitrogen concentration again starts rising okay so basically this graph has four phases initially one first phase only 100% oxygen second phase rising nitrogen concentration third almost constant nitrogen concentration and again there is a rising nitrogen concentration phase and by this phase we can determine what is known as closing volume so if we draw a line here okay actually at this volume what happens that some alveolar passages start to close see if you have seen my video on ventilation perfusion ratio there I explained that how the top alveoli are more distended and because of them being in distended position they are less ventilated while the base alveoli the alveoli at the base of the lung are more ventilated okay ventilated here means the air which is coming in and out with each breath now what happens that when the person actually inhaled this 100% oxygen because there is less ventilation in the apical alveoli less oxygen reached this apical alveoli and more of it mixed with the alveoli in the base so you see the nitrogen concentration at the apex is higher or lower because the mixing is less nitrogen concentration at the apical alveoli is more now here what I am talking that the nitrogen concentration starts rising actually what happens this basal alveoli their respiratory passages begin to close at the last part of the expiration and the air from the apical alveoli which is less mixed with oxygen starts coming out only so that's why we see here again a rise in nitrogen concentration so this volume at which the basal respiratory passages starts to close off that is known as closing volume and finally no air will come out right because almost all the air has been exhaled only the residual volume will be left in the lungs fine so that was about measurement of anatomical dead space let's go on to measurement of physiological dead space physiological dead space as I told you before what is that actually it is pathological combination of anatomical dead space with the space where alveoli are only ventilated and not perfused and this physiological dead space is measured by an equation known as Bohr's equation and what is this Bohr's equation for this we need to measure the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the expired air and in the alveolar air so what we see here is a simple concept that amount of carbon dioxide which will be exhaled will be equal to the total amount of carbon dioxide which is present in the respiratory passages as well as in the alveoli total amount of carbon dioxide so we can write it as in respiratory system so in this simple equation what we do is we ask the person to exhale and measure the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the exhaled air so what will happen partial pressure of exhaled carbon dioxide in the volume which is exhaled so amount is what amount is equal to concentration into volume so in place of concentration we are taking here partial pressure of carbon dioxide and into the volume exhaled so in a tidal breath that will be equal to the tidal volume and total amount of carbon dioxide in respiratory system partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli where the diffusion has taken place okay so where will the diffusion take place that is a normally perfused alveoli so that we can write it as tidal volume minus that volume of the dead space that is not in the respiratory passages not in the alveoli which are not perfused only in normally perfused alveoli this will be the partial pressure of carbon dioxide plus the partial pressure of carbon dioxide which is inhaled because that is going to be present in the dead space so we have taken the alveolar component separate and the dead space component separate and both will mix to form the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled now we will simplify this equation you see partial pressure of inhaled carbon dioxide is almost zero so we literally neglect this part we ignore this part and we concentrate only in this part secondly this alveolar carbon dioxide partial pressure is equivalent to that of the arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure why because there the gas exchange is taking place and the equilibrium has occurred so we can take that value as well so let us rewrite this equation little bit it will be pecu2 into tidal volume is equal to pecu2 multiplied by tidal volume minus the dead space so let us solve this equation to determine this particular component that is the dead space so we'll open this part so it becomes pecu2 into tidal volume minus pecu2 into the dead space and when we rearrange this equation what we will get is dead space is equal to tidal volume multiplied by difference between the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in our trees subtracted with difference in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in exhaled air upon partial pressure of carbon dioxide again in our trees so this is the simple Bohr's equation and let us try to take certain values and see how much is the dead space coming so normal say suppose tidal volume is 500 ml and alveolar or arterial carbon dioxide is how much it is 40 millimeter mercury then exhaled carbon dioxide let us say the partial pressure is 28 millimeter mercury normally it happens so with this if we solve how much will be the dead space 500 into 40 minus 28 is 12 divided by again 40 so how much this comes this comes to 150 ml and that is the normal value of the anatomical dead space because here we are taking a condition physiological condition in which there is no abnormal alveolar dead space however if alveolar dead space is there in that case this value will be much lesser right and we will get more dead space value so I hope you understood how we measure the anatomical dead space and physiological dead space thanks for watching the video if you liked it do press the like button do share the video with others and don't forget to subscribe to the channel physiology open thank you

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Introduction to theme.json

Introduced in WordPress 5.8, the theme.json file allows block theme developers to control the settings and styles of the blocks in the Editor. In this video tutorial, you will be introduced to the theme.json file, how it works, and how you can control these settings and styles.Presentation Slides » --- View this video and others on WordPress.TV: https://wordpress.tv/2023/01/06/introduction-to-theme-json/

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Hey there, and welcome to Learn WordPress. In this lesson, you're going to learn about the theme JSON file that allows block theme developers to define theme settings, and then apply those settings to the elements of the theme. Introduced in WordPress 5.8, the theme JSON file allows block theme developers to control the settings and styles of the blocks in the editor. With the introduction of blocks into the site editing experience, the number of settings theme developers may need control over has increased. By making these settings available in a specific standard, the theme JSON file allows for a central point of configuration, while also providing a more consistent experience when configuring theme settings and styles. Let's take a look at the theme JSON file in a code editor. The theme JSON file resides in the root directory of a WordPress theme. It contains a JSON object, which is a collection of key value pairs. JSON, which is an abbreviation of JavaScript object notation, is a standard text-based format for representing structured data based on the JavaScript object syntax. Note that the main JSON object is always wrapped in curly braces, and that each key value pair is separated by a comma. The comma is important and must be included after each key value pair, except for the last one in any given object. If you're using a good code editor, you'll notice that leaving out the comma will result in the code editor highlighting an error. In this example, version is the first key, with a value of 2. The values of the next two keys, settings and styles, are also objects, indicated by the curly braces. These are additional collections of key value pairs, which also follow the JSON syntax. The theme JSON file is validated against a schema, which provides autocompletion in code editors. This means that as you type, the editor will suggest the available options and possible available values for each option. This is a great way to learn about the available options and ensure that you are using the correct syntax. To enable the schema validation, the schema key and value needs to be added to the top of the file. The schema value can be found in the block editor handbook, theme JSON reference guide, under the schema heading. With this added, most modern IDEs and code editors will automatically suggest the available options as you type, and will also provide a description of each option. For example, watch what happens if you create an empty theme JSON in Visual Code Studio with just the schema key. As soon as you start a new key by opening the double quotes, a list of available top-level keys is suggested. If you select version, it automatically populates the value with 2, which is the latest version of theme JSON. By default, WordPress Core ships with a default theme JSON, which enables a specific set of settings and creates a set of predefined CSS variables. The settings key is where the theme developer can extend the default theme JSON or enable or disable specific theme settings and functionality, as well as configure new CSS variables. These settings can then be applied to the theme globally, or to specific block elements. Let's look at one of the first settings that a theme developer can enable, Appearance Tools. Appearance Tools is disabled by default, and this one setting controls all of the following features on blocks that support them. The ability to set border color, radius, style and width. The ability to set link color. The ability to set block, gap, margin and padding values. And the ability to set the text line height. By enabling Appearance Tools, the theme developer is enabling all of these features. If you're editing a theme in the site editor, you can now see these features in the sidebar. So we can set link color on the header block. We can set border and radius on the featured image, for example. And on a paragraph, we can set things like padding and margin and the link color. The ability to enable or disable theme specific settings in a theme JSON file replaces the requirement to use add theme support in a functions.php file. For example, let's look at the ability to define custom colors for elements in the site editor. By default, if the user wanted to change the color of something, say the text, it is possible to select a custom color by selecting it from the custom color picker. In a classic theme, if a theme developer wants to disable this functionality, they would need to add the following code in their functions.php file. Add theme support, disable custom colors. However, using theme JSON, you could do so by setting the settings, color, custom key to a value of false. Doing so would disable the custom color picker across all elements in the site editor. If we click on a paragraph, we can't select a custom color. However, you could specifically enable the color picker for a single block. For example, you could enable the custom color picker specifically on the paragraph block by adding the following to the paragraph block in the theme JSON settings. Blocks, core paragraph, color, custom, and set that to true. Now, if you edit the paragraph block, you'll be able to choose a custom color. Next, custom color picker. It is also possible to create new CSS preset variables for a theme. CSS variables are defined once, but can be used throughout the theme. For example, let's say you wanted to add a new color to the color palette available to WordPress. You could do so by adding a new color object to the settings, color, palette key. Notice how the color palette key defaults to square braces. This indicates a JavaScript array, meaning you can add multiple objects to the color palette. To add a color to the color palette, give it a name, a hex color value, and a slug. This new alternative color would then be available in the color palette in the site editor. Additionally, users can now use this color for any element that supports color. For example, if you wanted to apply this color to a paragraph block's text. With this new color available to the color palette of the theme, let's look at some ways it can be applied to a theme, globally, to specific block elements, or to a specific block. By creating this color, you've not only made it available in the site editor, but you've also created a new CSS variable for the color, which can be applied to various elements in the theme. The format for the CSS variable is dash dash wp, dash dash preset, dash dash color, dash dash slug. In this case, the slug is alternative. So the CSS variable is wp preset color alternative. Let's say you wanted to style all text across the entire theme or site to use the new alternative color. For this, you would use the styles key and set the color text key to the new CSS variable wp preset color alternative. If you load this in the site editor, you'll see that all the text across all blocks is now the alternative color. Let's say you wanted to apply the new color to a specific block. For example, you wanted to apply the new color to any instances of the post content block. You could do so by removing the global text color and adding the color to the specific block in the styles block key post content color text. And again, the CSS variable wp preset color alternative. Now, if you're a fresher site editor, you'll see that the post content block is now the alternative color, but all other text is the default color. Since WordPress 6.1, it is not also possible to apply predefined CSS variables to certain elements across the theme. For example, let's say you wanted to apply this color to the background of all button elements. You could apply this in the theme JSON by targeting the styles elements button key button color background and again the CSS variable. This would apply the color to any blocks that use the button elements, for example, the buttons block or the search block. This is just a high level overview of what's possible with theme JSON. For more information on how to use it, please see the global settings and styles guide as well as the theme JSON reference in the block editor handbook. And also take a look at the theme JSON documentation in the theme handbook. Happy coding!

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HIGHLIGHTS Video: AI FOR GOOD Global Summit 2017 - DAY 3

Highlights from day 3 of the AI FOR GOOD Global Summit, ITU, Geneva, Switzerland.

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This three-day summit has brought together hundreds of the world's leading AI experts, whether they be in non-profit organizations, professors, entrepreneurs, captains of industry, academics, scientists, the whole lot. And what they want is for the momentum to continue. The next step is how can we keep this momentum going? And we see a lot of good discussions, a lot of good proposals, and a lot of good questions, and the people eager to come together to continue to address this issue. I think that we have to find ways to engage these people, engage more people to work on this issue, and we will try our best. Two of the three days were focused on breakthrough sessions where delegates and speakers had all together and concentrated on vital issues and real solutions, whether it be promoting equality in access to AI or ethical policy and enhanced privacy and security. Ultimately, there's a meeting of minds between the problem-solving here and the UN's long-term Sustainable Development Goals, or SDGs. Yeah, you know, the challenge with events like this is you get a lot of momentum and everybody's very happy to get together. But it wasn't really a valuable use of time if we don't take action. I think the discussion needs to go more from just dialogue to action. And we are considering having these discussions more towards defining the problems in a very concrete way. If we can start to use this community and this group to define what are the problems and the barriers to solving some of the SDGs, that we can then start to explore the portfolio of solutions that artificial intelligence and other technologies might be used for. I come away with the big need for bringing the different communities together because it is a bit of the technology, science, governance and corporate side of the AI angle have been split into silos. And to bring the silos together and really cross-fertilize ideas, concerns and opportunities has been critical. And I think that's one of the things that we achieved during these three days is not maybe to have groundbreaking principles and solutions that will help us in the near term but building that trust and that platform to go forward. The three-day summit didn't just rally the AI community but thousands of people followed the event worldwide remotely and the media coverage was unprecedented for an artificial intelligence global event. And this is just the start.

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Modi Govt has rapidly upgraded India's health infrastructure in last 7 years... Know more!

PM Modi greeted the doctor community on Doctors’ Day. He said this day, celebrated in the memory of Doctor BC Roy, is the symbol of the highest ideals of our medical fraternity. He thanked the Doctors on behalf of 130 crore Indians for their services during the difficult times in last one and half years of the pandemic. Subscribe Now: https://goo.gl/8qsb5E Stay Updated! 🔔 Follow us to stay updated: ► Download the NM App: http://nm4.in/dnldapp ► Like us on Facebook: https://facebook.com/narendramodi ► Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/narendramodi ► Follow us on Instagram: http://instagram.com/narendramodi #NationalDoctorsDay #VideoConferencing #DrBidhanChandraRoy #DrBCRoy #DoctorsDay #CoronaWarriors #HealthCare

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सात्यो, कोरूना से लड़ाई में जीतनी चनोत्या आई, हमारे बैग्यानी को, दोक्तर्स ने उतने ही समाधान तलाई से प्रभावी दवाया बनाई. आज हमारे दोक्तर्स ही कोरूना के प्रटोकोल्स बना रहे है, उने लागु कर्मानानी में मदद कर रहे है, ये बाईरस नया है, इस में नहीं नहें, मूटेशन्स भी हो रहे है, लिकिन हमारे दोक्तर्स के नालेच, उनके अप्स्पिर्यन्स, उनके अनुवहो, वाईरस के अन्खत्रों और चलनिजीच का मिलकर मुखाबला कर है, इतने दशको में, जिस तरा का मेडिकल अन्प्रस्ट्र, देश में तेयार हो आता, उसकी शिमाए आप भली भाती जानते है, पहले के समय में, मेडिकल अन्प्रस्ट्र को, किस तरा नजर अंदाज किया गया था, इसे भी अप परीचीत है, हमारे देश में, जन संख्या का दबाव, इस चुनोती को, और कत्फिन बना देता है, बावजुद इसके, कोरोना के दोरान, अगर हम प्रती लाग जन संख्या में, संक्रमन को देखें, मुछ्त्युदर को देखें, तो भारत की स्थिती, बड़े-बविखसी तो सम्रुद्त देशो की तुन्ना में, कही सम्मलिव ही रही है, किसी एक जीवन का असमय समवाबत हुना, उतना ही तुखद है, लेकिन भारत ले, कोरूना से लाको का जीवन बचाया भी है, इसका बहुत बड़ास्रे, हमारे परीषमी डोक्तर्स, हमारे हेल्टकेर वरकर्स, हमारे फ्रन्तलाइन वरकर्स को जाता है, साथियों, यह हमारी सरकारी है, जिस ते हेल्टकेर पर सबसे अतिक बल दिया है, पिछले वर्ष, फस बेव के दोराम, हम लगभक 15,000 करो ड्रूट रुपिये, हेल्टकेर के लिए आवन्टित के थे, जिस से हमारे हेल्ट इंफास्ट्रक्तर को बड़ाने मदद में लिए, इस साल, हेल्टकेर के लिए बजेट का लोकेशन, तो गुने से भी जाडा, यहनी तो लाग करो ड्रूट रुपिये से भी अदिक क्या रहा है, अब हम, आजक श्वित्रों है, हेल्ट इंप्रास्ट्रक्तर को मज्भूट करने के लिए, पचास, हाजार, करो ड्रूट रूट रुपिये की, एक क्रेटिट गरन्टी स्किम लेक रहे है, जहां स्वास्त सुभिदाओ की कमी है, हम ने बच्छो के लिए, जरूरी हेल्ट इंप्रस्ट्रक्तर को ससक्त करने के लिए भी, बाविस, हसार, करोट रूट रूट रूट के लिए जाडा अवंटित की है, आज देश में टेजी से ने आम्स खोले जारे है, ने मेटिकल कोलेज बनाई जारे है, आदूनिक हेल्ट इंप्रस्ट्रक्तर क्ड़ा की आजारे है, 2014 तक जहां देश में केवल चे आम्से, वही इंट साथ सालो में 15 आम्स काम शुवा है, मेटिकल कोलेज की संख्या भी करीब देड गुना बड़ी है, इसी का प्रनाव है कि इतने कम समय में, जहां अंडर गरजूएट सिट्स में, देड गुने से जाडा की व्रुद्दिव ही है, वही पीजी सिट्स में, अस्सी प्रसंट इजापाओ है, यानी यहां तक पहुटने के लिए जो संगर्स आपको करना बड़ा, वो कतिनाई है, हमारे युवाव को आपके बच्चो को नहीं उठानी पडेगी, दूर सुदूर खेत्रो में भी, हमारे जाडा से जाडा युवाव को, दोक्तर बनने का अवसर मिलेगा, उनकी प्रतिवाव को, उनके सपनों को नहीं उडान मिलेगी, मेटिकल सेक्टर में हो रहें बड्लावों के भीच, दोक्तरस की सुरक्षा के लिए भी, सरकार प्रतिवडद है, हमारी सरकार नहीं, दोक्तरस के खलाब, हिंसा को रोकने के लिए, पिछले बरशी कानून में कई कडे प्रावदान की है, इसके साथ ही, हम अपने कोविट वोर्यर्स के लिए, फ्री इंश्वरन्स कवर स्किम भी लेकर आए,

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John & 1,2,3 John | Lecture 8 : BC301-John-20220824

This is a lecture video from APC Bible College. Classes are offered On-Campus, Online and via the E-Learning portal. Please visit: https://apcbiblecollege.org for more information. APC Bible College is a ministry of All Peoples Church & World Outreach, Bangalore, India. Watch our online Sunday Church service live stream every Sunday at 10:30am (Indian Time, GMT+5:30). Spirit filled, anointed worship, Word and ministry for healing, miracles and deliverance. YOUTUBE: https://youtube.com/allpeopleschurchbangalore LIVE SERVICES: https://apcwo.org/live Our other websites and free resources: CHURCH: https://apcwo.org FREE SERMONS: https://apcwo.org/resources/sermons FREE BOOKS: https://apcwo.org/books/english DAILY DEVOTIONALS: https://apcwo.org/resources/daily-devotional JESUS CHRIST: https://examiningjesus.com BIBLE COLLEGE: https://apcbiblecollege.org E-LEARNING: https://apcbiblecollege.org/elearn WEEKEND SCHOOLS: https://apcwo.org/ministries/weekend-schools COUNSELING: https://chrysalislife.org MUSIC: https://apcmusic.org MINISTERS FELLOWSHIP: https://pamfi.org CHURCH APP: https://apcwo.org/app CHURCHES: https://apcwo.org/ministries/churches WORLD MISSIONS: https://apcworldmissions.org Download the free church app. Search for "All Peoples Church Bangalore" in the App or Google Play stores. #APCBibleCollege #AllPeoplesChurchBangalore #BibleCollege #OnlineBibleCollege

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We have covered up to John chapter 5 verse 9 and now we will resume from John chapter 5 verse 10 onwards. If we could have one person read out verses 10 and 11 please. The Jew safer said to him who was cured it is the Sabbath that is not lawful for you to carry your bed. He answered them. He who made me was sent to me. Take up your bed and walk. And verse 12, they asked me who is the man who said to you take up your bed and walk. We see a very strange kind of response being made by these Jewish people. First of all they see him carrying his bedding and walking and according to the rules which had been introduced by the Pharisees you are not supposed to... yeah sorry. Yeah well I was saying that we are now resuming from John chapter 5 verses 10 to 11. Okay so that's basically where we are right now. So here you have the Jewish people imposing a law which was not given in the law of Moses. Okay all that Moses said was that the Israelites should observe the Sabbath respectfully and not do work which basically means you know you're not supposed to go to your fields or you know do any kind of merchandising and earn money and all of that. Moses never said you know don't carry an object which weighs so much. Don't walk one kilometer. He never said any of that. He never tried to restrict their movements as you know people doing their normal everyday functions. He never said that. All that God had told the Israelites was that they must focus on him not on money making. They must focus on him not on the other responsibilities of life. So he was just saying that the Sabbath is a day when a person would rest from work because God will take care of whatever they need and they should rest in him, focus on him, refresh themselves and get ready for another six days of work. That's all that God had asked for but the Pharisees who came along they wanted to add all kinds of clauses and sub clauses and so they came up with rules about exactly how many kilometers you should walk. They came up with rules of if you're carrying an object let us say from one tent to another tent then what should be the weight of that object and then I don't know is this one commentary which says that they were even told that they should not use the bathroom on the Sabbath and it just sounds very strange to me. So they came up with a whole bunch of rules on what should be done and what should not be done. They were adding burdens to the people which God had never wanted added. So they were adding additional unnecessary burdens which are not required. So over here this man who was carrying his bed roll, his sleeping mat or whatever, he is not breaking any law of Moses but these people say it is the Sabbath day and so it's not lawful for you to carry it and the man in a very simple manner he replies, he who made me well said to me take up your bed and walk. Now what would be the natural response to that? You became well, why what was your sickness? What happened? Who is the person who healed you? You know that would be the basic question which anyone would ask but then you have the Jews responding in a very different way. You see who is this man who told you to take the bed and walk? You see look at the way how their mind is functioning. They are not at all interested that here is a savior who is able to go around saving people and so they they're not excited that to find out who this person is who can make someone well, who can you know deliver a person from their sickness, they're not interested in those details at all. They want to know who is this culprit who has committed this crime of breaking the rule which we introduced? Who is this culprit so that we can punish him? That is their attitude. So it shows that they have no concern for the sick. They're not happy for this man who has been on a bed for 38 years and now he's walking again. They're not happy about that at all. They couldn't care less about his welfare. They are only interested in their rules which they have introduced you know their little bit of power which they have established and they want to hold on to that. So this is a very wrong attitude and Jesus in fact was always very much against this particular kind of attitude. We don't see that mentioned over here in our book of John and this particular passage but you know when we look at the other gospels we are reminded of the occasions where Jesus expresses his anger you know when they are more interested in their Sabbath rules, rules which they have made up rather than in the wellness of a person. Just to look at one example because I want to just highlight one particular phrase Mark chapter 3 versus 1 to 5 if you were to turn in your bibles to Mark chapter 3 versus 1 to 5 or there you have an event being recorded regarding a man who had a withered hand and he comes to the synagogue you know to worship God and it is the Sabbath day and everyone is carefully observing Jesus to see whether he will heal the man or not because according to them healing someone and delivering them was also work. Okay so it says in verse 5 so if we could you know have one person read out Mark chapter 3 verse 5 the words used over here it talks about how he looked at them with anger and it also says that he was grieved by the hardness of their hearts. So these were not people who cared about others they did not care for anyone's welfare all that mattered to them was you know retaining their power and influence over people and making them you know do whatever they wanted done. So that was their attitude and this attitude always angered God and not just angered him it also pained him it grieved him the word used over there is grieved in the Greek I think it's the word celeb or something where you feel pain regarding that so here was God who cared about the welfare of people and there you had the Jewish leaders who were supposed to be leaders you know shepherds of the people and they had no concern whatsoever for their flock and then we see another interesting contrast over here that would be verse 14 so if someone could just read out chapter 5 verse 14 please. Okay so Jesus has it says here later Jesus found him at the temple which means Jesus was looking for him Jesus was specifically looking for him and he found him at the temple and he approaches him and he speaks to him so Jesus didn't just simply you know do an act of healing and walk away from his life unconcerned about his future but Jesus cared enough to come you know after him pursue him and give him this important piece of advice again we see you know Jesus the physician Jesus the doctor the doctor just doesn't simply you know you know prescribe some medication and just walk away if he is a good doctor he also is very interested in the patient's follow-up in the long term you know this should not trouble them again in the long term what would be best for them so a true doctor one who is genuinely concerned you know for his patients he doesn't just simply do the basic required and walk away he watches out for the long-term welfare of his people and so here Jesus comes back to him and says you know it's good that now you're back on your feet but what about your future what about your eternity and so he says to him stop sinning or something worse may happen to you God you know Jesus gives him this word of warning because Jesus cares about this man's long-term welfare so just in the previous verse you had this bunch of people who were not even happy that the man got healed after 38 years they were not even curious about that complete hardening of the heart on the other hand here you have Jesus looking for him you know in all the crowds that he was coming across trying to find out where is this man because he has something important to convey to him and so in verse 14 Jesus finds him at the temple and immediately walks up to him and gives him this word of warning so that his future can be safe and secure so we see this contrast between Jesus' heart and the heart of the Jewish leaders and then verse 16 to 17 if we could have someone read out please I'll read yes 16 and 17 okay so they began to persecute Jesus because he had done this healing on a Sabbath Jesus answered them my father is always working and I too must work yes it's same is it okay yeah yeah yeah 17 and 17 thank you so much so sorry yeah so over here Jesus says you are saying that I must not work on the Sabbath but my father works on the Sabbath okay so because my father is always at work to this very day I too will continue to work just like he is working so here this an interesting point being made Jesus is saying my father is always at work in indirectly implying even on the Sabbath my father is at work so if he is at work working on behalf of people then I too will continue to work on behalf of people so just one small clarification because it says in Genesis that God rested from his work on the Sabbath so how can Jesus be saying that the father is always at work including on the Sabbath day so this is just a small technicality nothing you know major because over there in the Genesis account when it says that God rested from his work it obviously does not mean that God was so tired after the six days of creation and he needed to take a rest because God does not get tired so over there when it says he rested from his work it means that now he seized you know from CEASED he seized from his work he stopped from his work that word is used in that sense because what he had done in the six days was so perfect so complete that nothing more needs to be added there is nothing more to be added because whatever has been done by God he has created on those six days and he saw that it was good and it's perfect and it's complete and there's nothing more to be done and so he rests he ceases he stops from his work it's so in that sense and so he says to the Israelites because of what I have done the completion with which I have given you this planet and all that there is in this planet one day you know don't think about your work on that one day just rest in me trust me and know that I can take care of you I who created in six days and finished everything that needed to be done for the human race I can take care of you so you don't need to slog on the seventh day and you know go about running to your fields and running to the market to get your financial transactions done know on that one day remember who your actual provider is the who the actual creator is who has given you all of this and just rest in him that day focus on him rebuild your faith so that they know the next day onwards you can again face the challenges of life so in that sense they were supposed to celebrate the rest it was supposed to be a rest of trusting him to supposed to be a rest of just believing in him and enjoying him so all the Sabbath obviously God would have constantly been continuing to look look down upon the Israelites who are down below on the earth and he would have continued looking after their welfare so Jesus so God never rested rested from work in the sense he never stopped watching out for them on Sabbath day so even on Sabbath day they were protected on Sabbath day they were continued to be provided for they continue to be taken care of and so Jesus says the father who has always been working on behalf of his people he is my example and so in the same way that he has been working I too will continue working even on the Sabbath we have an Old Testament scripture Psalm 121 verses three to four where it talks about God who never sleeps or slumbers is always watching over his people so God does not rest he does not sleep he continues to watch over his people even on the Sabbath so we will now come into John chapter 5 19 onwards where it's where we have more doctrine you know being mentioned so we could maybe begin by reading out verses 19 and 20 please then Jesus answered and said to them most actually I say to you a son can do nothing of himself but what he sees a father do for whatever he does the son also does in right manner for the father loves his son and shows him all things that he himself does and he will show him great works that this that you know now in these two verses we we see how Jesus talks about how he has chosen to place himself under the father okay so he says I don't do anything on my own I only do whatever I see the father doing so he places himself under the will of the father but at the same time we see that this is not some kind of you know boss and you know inferior you know that it's not that kind of a relationship rather it says in verse 20 the father loves the son and shows him all he does so it's a relationship of love that is there between the father and the son it's not that of a boss and an inferior okay and then in verses 21 to 23 he talks about the other aspect of who he is if he could have someone read out 21 22 23 for as the father raises the dead and gives life to them even so the son gives life to whom he will but the father judges no one but has committed all judgment to the son that all should honor the son just as they honor the father he who does not honor the son does not honor the father who sent him so he talked about how he has chosen to place himself under the father's will and so he never does anything just like that on his own he does only what is in line with what the father wants but also at the same time he is in every way equal with the father because in the same way the father you know raises the dead and gives them life the son also has the capacity to do the very same thing so they both are equal and even though they are equal the son chooses to place himself under the father's will and so over here Jesus says therefore because of this you must honor me you know and if you are not honoring me then it would mean that you are not honoring the one who sent me and also there's another point that Jesus makes um yeah if we can look at verses 24 to 27 if if we could have one person read out please most actually I say to you he who hears my word and believes in him will send me has everlasting life and shall not come into judgment but has passed from death into life most actually I say to you the hour is coming and now is when the dead will hear the voice of the son of God and those here okay so here we see very clearly that Jesus is not saying that I am the father he says that he is the son of God okay so later on like I said false doctrines started to come into the church and there were people who were saying that both the father and son are just one single person and in the ancient times this was a cult which was known as Sebelianism and today you have people who kind of still believe this this kind sort of doctrine and they are supposed to be the oneness Pentecostals who believe that the father and the son are just one single entity but that is not what we see over here here Jesus very clearly says that the father and the son of God are two separate people because he says in verse 26 as the father has life in himself so he has granted the son also to have life in himself so both of them are not persons or entities to whom someone gave life they always had life they always were so no one had to give them life and bring them into existence they always had life in themselves already so they are two separate you know persons in in that sense so again there are you know there was this ancient cult called Arianism and those people said that the father is God but Jesus is not fully God he's just partially God because the father made him okay so in that sense and even you know today in our modern day we have people who follow those kinds of doctrines one of them being the Jehovah witnesses who believe that it's only Jehovah Yahweh who is God and that Jesus is not fully God so these things are actually put to rest through this particular passage because in this passage Jesus talks about how he has chosen to place himself under the father even though in power he's equal with the father and he goes on to say in the same way the father always had life in himself the son also has always had life in himself and he has the authority to judge because he's the son of man who is talked about in Daniel chapter 7 so one day he's the one who will be judging and so they better submit to his word and they better you know accept him because he's the one who is going to be judging them so these are all points which are brought out in this particular passage and then if we can move on to 28 29 and 30 if we could have one person read out these three verses please don't be so surprised indeed the time is coming when all the dead in their graves will hear the voice of God's son and they will rise again those who have done good will rise to experience eternal life and those who have continued an evil will rise to experience judgment I can do nothing on my should I continue yes I can do nothing on my own I judge as God tells me therefore my judgment is just because I can carry out the will of the one who sent me not my own will yes so over here Jesus says I judge only as I hear and my judgment is just for I seek not to please myself but him who sent me now under the Jewish culture if any person is know coming there as a messenger of his master and he very correctly and in a very you know with with integrity delivers all of that all of the message which the master wanted conveyed and in no way is he trying to serve his own interests and he's being truthful towards his master such an agent you know who's conveying the message of his master would be considered most reliable and he would be regarded as a person with full authority they would accept the authority of the agent and speaking to them because why he's completely fulfilling whatever the master wanted him to convey so they would regard his words as having full authority now in the same way Jesus is saying you see I'm I'm a person who never said anything on my own I never preached doctrines which were my own I always have only spoken through the father so he says because I have been a faithful person in conveying what the father wants conveyed therefore he says you know I have never tried to please myself I have always tried to please him therefore he says you know you must accept what I am saying to you the people should be willing to accept the authority of Jesus in speaking these things and they must be willing to place their faith in these things and this is one small point mentioned over here it talks about how a time will come when Jesus will you know will call out and when he calls out people will come out from their graves and it says those who have done what is good will rise up to live you know they would have eternal life so they would live in the presence of God but those who have done what is evil they will rise up to be condemned and so you know we are aware right when we all rise up we would rise up in our resurrected bodies and the interesting point made over here and in fact even in revelation we see the same thing there are people who are resurrected to enter into eternal life and there are people who are resurrected to be thrown into the lake of fire so you know for you to suffer you would need a physical body to experience the suffering and so it's really very sad that there are people who will be resurrected not to enjoy the you know the wonders that God has in awaiting but rather they would rise up in a resurrected body to be condemned to be punished to suffer pain to be separated from God forever so it is such a terrible terrible thing because the resurrected body is something wonderful I mean a human who died of physical death and no longer you know inhabits the body and the body disintegrates or maybe is burnt or whatever and that is now being resurrected once again or every single particle of that body comes back together and it's given a new form so that it's no longer like a human body but it's rather a resurrected body and to have a body like that and learn that because of the choices you made in rejecting Jesus now or what are you rising up with for you're only rising up with this resurrected body for punishment it's such an amazing terrible terrible tragedy so it should make us want to share the word of God you know the gospel with people because it is so sad they are going to be resurrected one day just like us but they'll be resurrected for punishment they will be resurrected for a life of hopelessness there is just no hope left because they have been separated from God and that should create in us a burden to really share the gospel with everyone so that they can be resurrected with hope to look forward to something exciting and enjoyable rather than just be condemned you know forever and ever away from the presence of God moving one from there versus 31 and 32 yeah if we can just have verses 31 and 32 please yeah I mean now based on the Old Testament based on passages like Deuteronomy chapter 19 verse 15 it was generally considered that if someone wishes to say something and they wish to prove that it is true they should there should be at least two or three other witnesses who can establish that what this person is saying is the truth and so here Jesus uses that particular tradition and he says I can come up with three witnesses you know to confirm that what I am saying is true and the three witnesses that he uses are John the Baptist and then he talks about the works which he is doing so his works that the very miraculous works which he is doing they also testify to who he is and the third testimony he says comes from the father himself so these are the three testimony witnesses that Jesus uses to confirm that he is you know divine and that he is equal with the father so we know I mean what John the Baptist was preaching about Jesus he was pointing everyone towards Jesus and saying that he is the Messiah follow him and coming to the works of Jesus they too were testifying that this person is not ordinary he's doing things that only the father can do only the things which only God can do so these things should have proved to them that Jesus is indeed the Son of God like he was claiming to be but they did not choose this testimony they did not accept this testimony why it's because they had hoped that the Messiah would perform certain particular kind of works these were a hardened people who didn't care about the welfare of the people they were not really concerned with the people were getting healed and delivered and their lives were giving you know they were being given a second chance to start life all over again these things were not of interest to them they were hoping for a Messiah who will come and do political works who will know destroy the Romans and re-establish the kingdom of Israel that was the kind of works that they were looking for and so when Jesus came and began to do all this wonderful things of deliverance and compassion they couldn't care less they rejected this testimony even though this was such a powerful testimony so it is the common people in fact who are willing to accept what Jesus was saying the leaders on the other hand they had been hoping that their power would rise to a whole new level once you know the kingdom of Israel is re-established so they were very very disappointed they had been hoping for greater power but that was now denied to them on the other hand what were they seeing they were seeing that the flock which which had been placed under them you know because their leaders and they have a flock of Israelites under their care they were seeing that someone has come and he is now helping the flock delivering the flock healing the flock and that's never what they wanted they wanted to be able to rule over the flock suppress it burden it and you know maintain a firm hand over it so this was definitely not what they wanted so in chapters 4 and 5 the message comes across so clearly you know Jesus his heart and the Jewish leaders and their heart is a clear contrast between these two categories of people in in these two chapters all right we will maybe look at verses 39 to 44 and yeah we can in fact you know gain one or two learnings from this which would be good and useful for us oh yeah before that we talked about the testimony of Jesus works the third testimony he gives is that of his father and this probably is a reference to you know the baptism of Jesus where an audible voice comes out from heaven and says that this is indeed my son so and now I don't know whether everyone's standing over they could clearly hear that voice or not so but John the Baptist explains to him explains to them very clearly what the voice said he says that the voice clearly told that this is my son so they have received the testimony of the father as well okay so these are the three testimonies that Jesus gives to back up his claim that he is the divine son of God so now we come into verses 39 to 44 which just sounds like a lot of heavy words but there is there are you know truths that we can learn even from this so if one of us could just read out 39 to 44 please you search the scriptures for whom you think you had eternal life and this are they what which satisfy everything but you are not willing to come to me that you may have life but you do not receive honor from me that I know you that you do not have the love of God in you I have come in my father's name and you do not receive me if another comes in his own name him you will receive verse 44 how can you believe who receive honor from one another and do not seek the honor honor that comes from the only God all right so Jesus comes in a very simple and humble manner not what they had hoped for they wanted a conqueror they wanted a political force you know who could represent them but Jesus comes in comes in a very humble way in the sense he keeps pointing all the glory towards the father he says what the father wants that I am doing I can do nothing by myself except for the father you know the father enables me to do so he's humbling himself in his human capacity and because he presents himself in that manner the people are not very happy with him because Jesus is constantly pointing to the father and they are not very interested in the father first of all and that is why Jesus points out the truth to them very clearly he says verse 42 he says I know you I know that you do not have the love of God in your hearts you see when we when we started off the book of John and we looked at those first disciples they were so excited they were so happy because they had been waiting longingly for this messiah that God would send and so they had a passion for the things of God they were excited about the things of God but here when Jesus is talking to these Jewish leaders and he's pointing out to them you know the truth about himself they are not interested because he's pointing them towards God and for them over the centuries God has just become something that must be followed has a ritual he is no longer someone who excites them and that is why Jesus says in verses 43 and 44 a very valid point he says I have come in my father's name and you do not accept me but if someone else comes in his own name you will accept him how can you believe since you accept glory from one another but do not seek the glory that comes from the only God they had this desire for big personalities you know people who will stand there in the front and claim that they are somebody very knowledgeable and very powerful and influential and they would talk in a very impressive manner and everyone would be impressed by such people Jesus on the other hand was doing the exact opposite he instead of you know instead of puffing himself up and making himself appear big he was humbling himself you know staying in the background not getting into confrontations at this moment you know in the early days when he was avoiding a direct confrontation with the Pharisees all of this so they he did not look very impressive to them why because these are people who accept glory from one another for them in the eyes of the world they need to be something big in the eyes of the world they should be considered somebody influential and Jesus was very plainly says in verse 41 I do not accept glory from human beings in the sense I don't need you know the appreciation of people to establish who I am whether people appreciate me or not I am God so you know he he says I don't need human beings you know compliments to place me where I am I already am where I am so these people on the other hand were more impressed by big personalities by you know tall words rather than by someone who is coming in a very humble way and sharing with them the kingdom of God and talking to them pointing them towards the father that they were not impressed with that is not something that they wanted and so they say that some of the scholars they say that this phrase over here in verse 43 if someone else comes in his own name you will accept him they say that maybe Jesus was indirectly even referring to the Antichrist who would come in the end times and the Antichrist would come in his own name he's not trying to say that I am the Messiah because you know we have many many false messiahs right now people who are claiming that I am the promised Messiah but this man Antichrist when he comes he doesn't pretend to be the Messiah being sent you know being talked about in the Old Testament he would clearly establish himself as someone who is an alternative he would offer himself as a better alternative to the Messiah and so maybe Jesus is over here actually referring to the Antichrist when he says if someone else comes in his own name you will accept him and that would is something that would happen in the end times if Jesus is referring to that particular thing all right we are kind of coming into the last portion of John chapter five let's look at verses 45 46 47 if we could have one person read out please yeah it isn't I who accused you before the Father Moses will accuse you yes Moses in whom you put your hopes if you really believe Moses you would believe me because he wrote about me but since you don't believe what he wrote how will you believe how you will you believe what I say yes so it's Moses specifically talks about Jesus in Deuteronomy chapter 18 verse 15 where he says that the Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from your midst and him you shall hear okay so very specifically over there Moses is talking about the Messiah who will come in the future and then in the other prophetic books of course there are many references to the Messiah now common people ordinary people who are not necessarily scholars or religious leaders they were able to understand what Moses had said and they were able to link this to Jesus you know the prophecy which was given by Moses they were able to connect it to Jesus but it looks like as if this learned leaders refuse to make the connection because in our first very first chapter of John where we you know we saw Philip talking to Nathaniel if we were to just go back you know in our Bibles right now to John chapter 1 verse 45 over there Philip is talking to Nathaniel and this is what he says he says we have found the one Moses wrote about in the law about whom the prophets also wrote so Philip is someone who has studied the law of Moses which is the first five books and he has also studied what the prophets have said and he is able to make the link very clearly and he is able to say see this is the one that Moses was talking about this is the one that the prophets were talking about and here you have very learned Jewish people you know the Pharisees and the scholars who seem to know everything and they are unable to make the connection between the prophecies given and so Jesus says ordinary people are beginning to understand what Moses talked about and they are reaching out to me and submitting themselves to me you on the other hands who are who consider yourselves authorities in the law of Moses who know your first five books by heart you are refusing to accept me and so he says I don't even have to accuse you before the father Moses himself will accuse you because you have considered yourselves you know complete authorities in everything that he has said and you seem to say that you know all and you have known and understood all that what Moses said but here you are refusing to believe what Moses wrote about me and so he says that Moses himself will condemn them for their disbelief in what he has taught and I think it is in Luke yeah Luke chapter 24 verses 25 to 27 where it talks about the you know the incident at on the road to Emmaus where Jesus explains from the scriptures how all of those scriptures were talking about him it says over there in Luke 24 verses 25 to 27 how slow to believe all that okay how foolish you are and how slow to believe all that the prophets have spoken and then it says in verse 27 beginning with Moses so what does it mean over there beginning with Moses Moses is just the title which is being used for the first five books of the law so that the law of Moses so beginning with the first five books and then all the prophetic books Jesus explains to them how those particular scriptures are talking about him okay so that's what is mentioned over here um yes I think that covers most of the important things anything else that came to your mind any questions that you have or anything that you would just like to you know share your thoughts on chapter four and chapter five if not you know we can just close with the word of prayer so anyone wants to say something or ask something no okay then maybe we can close with the word of prayer Lord we just thank you so much for today's class thank you a lot for the things that we could learn from chapters four and five we pray a lot that unlike the Jewish leaders we would have a heart for the people not a heart for power and position but a heart for the people I pray that we would imitate Jesus Christ in the way we approach people rather than imitate those leaders or Lord who are not interested in people at all we pray a lot that you would give us compassionate hearts that would also treat people with respect and dignity in the same way you treated that Samaritan woman with dignity also a lot we pray that you would cause us to submit to you fully in the same way that you always chose to submit to the father you being completely equal or Lord with the father you chose to submit yourself to him and so how much more is it important that we should be willing to submit to you give us hearts or Lord that will have that kind of a surrendered attitude thank you Lord and we pray that all these learnings which we have learned at the right time when we need these things I pray that you would bring these things back to our mind that you would remind us so that Lord we can walk in these truths which we are learning thank you so much a lot in Jesus name amen amen thank you so much for you know paying attention and I know for you for some of your questions and your thoughts and we'll meet again next week thank you pastor

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The Narcissist Pretends They Have Moved On

Website - https://www.narcsurvivor.co.uk Coaching - [email protected] Merchandise - https://teespring.com/stores/narcsurvivor Donations - https://paypal.me/narcsurvivor Narc Survivor Raw (No Music) - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2d3HEQ8fuW0_tPLXaSdbyOfx89lO5F4k Pain To Empowerment Online Course - https://narcsurvivor--zensensa.thrivecart.com/pain-to-empowerment/60e2e1368fe54/ Professional Counselling with a Licensed Therapist - https://betterhelp.com/narcsurvivor (I receive commissions on referrals to BetterHelp. I only recommend services I know and trust.) The background checking service I trust: https://checkbv.com/narcsurvivor Avoid potentially dangerous situations with your current or potential partner This sponsored link gets you 15% off Narc Survivor is no stranger to narcissistic abuse. With a lifetime of personal experience and psychology research, he is someone who truly understands what it is like to fall victim to a sadistic emotional predator. #narcissism #narcissist #npd DISCLAIMER: The information contained within www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk is not a substitute for professional advice such as a doctor, psychiatrist, or other counselor. The information provided by www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk does not constitute legal or professional advice nor is it intended to be. Only a trained medical professional can diagnose psychological or medical conditions. Any decisions you make and the consequences of your decisions are your own. Under no circumstances can you hold www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor or www.narcsurvivor.co.uk liable for any of your actions or decisions. You agree Narc Survivor (www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk) or any employees of Narc Survivor (www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk) are not liable for any loss or cost that you, or any person related or associated with you has incurred as a result of information, techniques or coaching offered by www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk Narc Survivor cannot guarantee any results. www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk holds no responsibility for the actions, choices, or decisions made or taken by the client. The owner of and contributors to www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any harm, whether real or imagined, from the use or dissemination of information contained here. The video does not refer to any specific person and it should not be used to refer to any specific person as having narcissism. If you do not agree with these terms, do not engage in the services. By engaging the services of www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk, you have agreed to all of the terms and conditions.

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The narcissist pretends they have moved on the narcissist hasn't moved on They may have discarded you They may have found new supply But they haven't really moved on They can't move on Because they have difficulty with emotional attachments. They can't attach to people any normal way But then they also don't know how to detach from people They have difficulty with the relationships and communication They don't have deep and meaningful relationships Which is why it's so easy for them to leave people and entertain multiple prospects because they can't attach They can't experience a deep connection It may look like they can But they're just receiving narcissistic supply It's a transaction and exchange of compliments and praise But there's no real connection. It's a shared fantasy. It's an illusion Because they're not fully invested in anyone They give them fragments of their attention They flirt but they're not really committed Because they're not really interested in anything other than their own selfish desires and needs They don't care about other people Because they're unable to fully attach to them But even though they may have discarded you And they're giving you the silent treatment And you may think that they've moved on and forgotten about you because they don't know how to detach They will always be watching you. They will always be checking in on what you're doing Because they're going to hoover you They're going to come back But first they need to know that you're willing to accept them back They need to know if they're going to be able to manipulate you again Because they haven't taken accountability for their actions They haven't worked on themselves Because they don't care about building a relationship with you They're just looking for supply They're looking for attention and validation They're looking for money or a place to stay That's all they're looking for They don't care about you So they haven't changed But they also haven't moved on Which is why they're involved with so many people Because they're still in contact with their exes Just as they're still in contact with you The narcissist never really moves on from anyone They're still thinking about their past endeavors They're still giving them attention So even if they do come back They're not going to be exclusive to you They may reserve themselves for you in the beginning But that won't last for long It's only a matter of time until they get bored And then they will be engaged with one of their exes again Because they like to have a lot of people around them They need to have a backup option Because they can't be alone They need constant attention and validation It's never enough for them They always need more Because when they were children They never got what they wanted They never got the attention and validation they crave from their parents or caregivers They could never be themselves around them They always had to be something else to get their attention To get the attention and validation that they craved And they're still the same They're still seeking what they never received in their childhood And that is what motivates them That is what fuels their behavior And when they don't get it, they get bored They become depressed And then they start to seek out other people to give them what they want Because one person could never be enough for them They always want more Which is why they can't attach It's why they could never be fully invested in you It's why you could never have a deep connection and relationship with them Because although they may have needed your attention They could never reciprocate it back to you You just ended up giving them more and more To compensate for their deficiencies Which is exactly what they wanted Because you thought you weren't good enough That's what they made you believe And then they discarded you and moved on to someone else But they never really moved on They just found other people who are more susceptible to their manipulation Other people who validated the illusions of their false self While you were left with no closure You were left to make sense of everything they did to you You were left to figure out why they left But they were never really gone They were always watching you To see if things were getting better for you Because they know they're going to come back They know they're going to need your supply They just need to know that you're willing to give it to them again They need to know that you're still going to love them After everything they did to you After everything they put you through But they're never going to tell you this Because they don't even know what they're doing it They just know that they need your attention But nothing is going to change They're not going to take accountability for their actions They're not going to make things better for you They're just going to blame you Thank you for watching I hope this video resonate with you Please like, comment, share and subscribe If you would like to donate My PayPal link is in the video description Coaching inquiries, you can email me at coaching.naxify.uk Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon

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Darren Dance, WorldPay | Splunk .conf2013

Broadcasting live from Las Vegas, from the Splunk Conference 2013, John Furrier and Dave Vellante, theCUBE co-hosts, caught up with Darren Dance, Unix Technical Lead with WorldPay. WorldPay is a payments company that processes a lot of transactions face-to-face in the UK, which is also used worldwide, online. Talking about Splunk and its adoption in his company, Dance said that "When we first put Splunk into our organization it was purely to do operational intelligence problem solving, then we expanded that to customer facing scenarios, in order to reduce the customer contact time." Bringing Splunk in was an easy process because Dance was familiar with the product. "I've seen it running and followed the project, we had a need for an application login engine, we brought it in at a small scale, and we started seeing real business value from the date of the collecting and the analysis that we were doing on it." WorldPay's business case The old way of doing business for WorldPay was to login on to each box individually, "trolling through the log files" using FindGraph and otherUnix tools. As data was not stored in one place, finding a particular issue didn't reveal if it also occurred anywhere else at the same time. In Splunk, you can look and find out if the issue is present elsewhere. It saves a lot of time. Security challenges Dance admitted they've tried hard to change the perception of Splunk, from an out-of-the-box solution to something their Enterprise security team perceived as a secure, better product. As for security and compliance, Dance explained further: "I've seen a lot of Splunk deployments where there's a silo of Splunk. I'm a great believer in the highly available system, where all the data is going into one place, we share the resources so that we get the benefit from the resilience in the performance, but we need to control who has access to that data. And if you don't have need to access that data, you shouldn't have access to it." Compliance is the nightmare scenario for a lot of developers, in Furrier's opinion. It comes down from the CFOs and the legal guys, while all the innovation takes place from the bottom up, generating a clash in the middle. Dance declared himself quite lucky that in his company Splunk has always been well known and appreciated. About the new release (Splunk 6 -- read details here), Dance says it looks really nice, but he anticipates a small period of adjustment. He's seriously considering migrating to it in the near future. Security teams are really keen on Splunk, as they like the benefits it offers. "Is it because the search and indexing or ease of use?" asked Furrier. "It's a combination of both, but from the infrastructure point of view it's the scalability. If the searches start run slowly, you can put another piece of hardware at the problem, and that's easy to do," said Dance. As for choosing Splunk over other products, that was easy, said Dance. "We looked at several open source alternatives and yes, they're free, but you have three or four products to give you the same result as Splunk. You start to put the tools together and that's not a solution, but a bunch of products." Advice for Splunk regarding open source? "Keep an on it for features being offered and, if they're bringing good stuff to the table, embrace it, don't resist change. In this industry, if you resist change, you die." @thecube #theCUBE #Splunk #SiliconANGLE @Splunkofficial #SplunkConf

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Okay, welcome back to the Splunk Conference, the Dot Conference 2013. This is SiliconANGLE, Wikibon's theCUBE, our flagship program. We go out to the advanced extract of SiliconANGLE Noise. We are live in Las Vegas. I'm John Furrier, the founder of SiliconANGLE. I'm joined by my co-host. I'm Dave Vellante of wikibon.org. Darren dances here. He's the UNIX technical lead at WorldPlay. WorldPlay is an online payment service provider. Darren, welcome to theCUBE. Thank you, welcome. So tell us a little bit more about WorldPlay. WorldPlay, sorry. Oh, WorldPlay, sorry, sorry about that. So WorldPlay is a payments company. We process a lot of transactions face to face in the UK. And we also are a worldwide online payments. They can be used for people who play games, right? Yeah. On-line gaming, right? Yeah, so online gaming, software purchases, micro-payments within applications. The platform is completely versatile and we have customers in the industry. So actually everyone's going gaga over, you know, square, brain tree was just sold to PayPal. I mean, payments is going to be ubiquitous, embedding them all across the network. And you bring up the notion of the, and the keynote they talk about the internet of things. I mean, people are going to be paying from any edge device. Yeah, that's a complex technical challenge. So how do you guys look at that? And what is, how does Splunk fit into all of this? So Splunk, initially when we put it into our organization, it was purely to do operational intelligence and problem solving. And then we're starting to break into the application space now to use it, to work out, for example, where our transactions are coming to run, to work out where our peaks and drops. And then going forward, we will expand that into customer-facing scenarios to help with our customer services and reduce the customer contact time. So you're giving a talk here at Splunk on securing Splunk for the enterprise. Yes. So obviously security is a big deal. Everyone's concerned about it. What does that look like? I mean, what are you going to be talking about on your talk? And what are some of the security challenges you see? Yeah, so what I'm going to be talking about is taking Splunk from the out-of-the-box solution to something which is more secure, which is better for the auditors for when the payments industry, we have to go through PCI, various other audit requirements. And it will basically be moving us from the out-of-the-box solution to something that auditors are happy with, that something our enterprise security teams are happy with, and something that is a more secure, better product. You know, Dave and I love talking about cloud mobile and social. DevOps is one of the hottest areas right now where you see people like Facebook throwing things around like just break stuff. And they're kind of changing their slogan now that they're getting bigger. But there's a lot of network challenges around protocols and security issues around perimeter security versus application security containers, virtualization is changing all that. Within that network environment there's a ton of data being instrumented. Is that mainly an application you guys do? Is that some area that's a concern or is it solid? What's your take on that? Massive amounts of data that we're generating because we actually split away from RBS two years ago and we just built our own data centers and we populated them. And now we're migrating all our applications and systems across. And the amount of data that we've gone from in the last 12 months that we're generating is just insane. We started just over 12 months ago with 500 meg a day on the free license. And we're currently capping the edge of 500 gig a day. That's a ton of data that's been thrown off. So take us back to when you decided to bring Splunk in. What was the driver? How did you justify it? How did it all happen? And what was it like beforehand? Paint a picture for us? Yeah, so I'd actually seen Splunk running and I'd followed it when it was a very early project. And we had a need at the time for an application logging engine so that we could start to do some analytics and we could start to find the problems that we knew were probably there but we couldn't see the symptoms of. So we brought it in initially on a small scale and then as we've built out, it's grown and grown and grown and we're starting to see real business value from the data that we're collecting and the analysis that we're doing on it. So it sounds like it came in under the radar, you probably didn't have to do a big business justification, right? There wasn't at the time. It's going for a lot more control now but at the time when it was small, it did slip in. Well, with that amount of data being indexed here. So, okay, so we'll talk about the business case a little bit so somebody sees the Splunk bill and they go, oh, what is this? Yeah. It's okay. And they go right to you and say, what are you spending all this money on? What are we getting? Yeah, so when we're rolling out new use cases, we've actually been collecting how long it's taking them to do it the old way and then we can map how long that's going to take doing it using Splunk and that helps us as our drivers for our business use cases because we can say, look, we put this in and it saved us X amount. It saved us this amount of time. It saved us reduce the number of contacts into the call center, for example. Talk about the old way. What is the old way? Well, the old way is logging on to each box individually and trawling through the log files using find, grep and all those good old Unix tools. Yeah, okay. And doing it. Yeah, basically, but you can't see everything in a single place. If you find an issue, you've got to go out and manually trawl across your entire state to find if that issue is occurring elsewhere. Whereas if you find an issue, you can actually then look in Splunk and say, well, is this issue elsewhere? Now, you're giving a presentation at the conference. Yes, I am, yes. Securing Splunk for the enterprise, how to keep your creditors away from your Splunk. Yes. So tell us about that. Yeah, so it's basically securing the out-of-the-box solution so that we can actually get it past auditors so that we can make auditors happy and comfortable that what we're putting in there is safe and secure and also role-based access control, which is really important. Because I've seen a lot of Splunk deployments where I've been chatting to people where they've created almost silos of Splunk, where the Windows guys have a silo of Splunk and the Linux guys have a silo and the network guys have a silo. I'm a great believer in making a highly available system where all the data is going into one place. We share the resource so that we get the benefit from the resiliency and the performance, but we need to control who has access to that data. And if you don't have need to access that data, you shouldn't have access to that data. Darin, talk about, obviously, securities. We talked about the security piece is important. You mentioned compliance, right? That's like the nightmare, everyone's nightmare scenario. It's like, people just like to pile a trash. You don't want to look at it, but you have to at least stare at it. There's a huge compliance issue that comes down from like the CFO, the legal guys, but all the innovations coming up from the bottom up, right? So there's a collision happening, right? It does clash in the middle. It clashed in the middle. What have you learned and what are some of the issues that you found around compliance? How do you make it easier? What are some of the threshold issues? Any observations you share? We're really lucky that our current auditors at BCI have actually seen Splunk before and they're quite keen on it. Our previous auditors were a little bit scared and apprehensive. The main challenges that we've, because we are looking at security use cases and security guys tend to be a little bit paranoid about who can access what. And as long as we can demonstrate it, we found within our organization that if you can document it, demonstrate it, improve that you're not allowing people to access to the data that shouldn't have access, then we found it within our organization. It works very well. So two hours ago on the keynote, there was a comment on Twitter from one of someone tweeting, I have the quote, I'm going to get your comment on this. Quote, I've lost track of the number of times the security team has asked me to install Splunk 6. What do you think about that? I mean, is that similar vibe you're getting? Security teams are requesting it because of the ease of access to data? I think they will. I've only been exposed to Splunk 6 today from what I've seen so far. It looks really nice. Obviously there is going to be a small period of adjustment and we will start looking at moving to Splunk 6 in the near future, but we will wait for any more. The security teams in general are pretty keen on Splunk. Yeah, they like the benefits that it can offer and it moves away from your traditional SIM model. And I was chatting to someone a while ago within our organization and it was referred to a competitive product as it scales until it doesn't. Yeah, that's when you need the most, right? Everything that is based on a SQL backend only can go to a finite size. Yeah, you throw memcache at stuff all you want and that's the problem. People when they need it, the most is when this breaks, that scale. So is it because of the search and the indexing? We just had another alpha geek on earlier talking about the indexes and search. Is it the search or just ease of use? What's your take on why people like it? It's a combination of both, but it's from the infrastructure point of view to support the system, it's the scalability. I guess if the searches start to run slowly, you can put another piece of hardware at the problem and it's easy to put that piece of hardware in, you don't have to reinvent the wheel. From the usage point of view, we can have someone who is a relatively non-technical person, we can pre-prepare some searches for them. They don't have to have the full Google style search interface, they can just have type this in here and it doesn't even give them the log data back, it gives them something nice and pretty that they can use to do their job which makes their lives easier. So Darren, you mentioned that you've been following, you were following Splunk early on, you followed the project early, you got in early. There wasn't probably a lot back then, but now you're seeing everywhere we go, John and I here, oh yeah, Splunk, we do that too and we can do that, we've got the Splunk killer, there's open source alternatives coming out, so why Splunk, what else did you look at? Maybe there wasn't anything there, but I'm sure as any technologist you're constantly looking at things, why Splunk? We looked at some of the open source alternatives and yes, they're free, but you have to make, you've got three or four different products to give you the same as Splunk. So Elasticsearch, Logstash would be another one, and some startups lately, but yeah, and the open source alternatives, you start to put the tools together and you've then got to support three or four different tools rather than one where you can go to one person and you've got one throat to choke. It's not a solution. It's not a solution, it's a bunch of products. And the support experience is not there, but over time, it could be. It will be, yeah. Now, so what would your advice be to Splunk with regard to open source? To keep an eye on it, to see what features that's offering and if it is bringing good stuff to the table. Embrace it. Yeah, embrace it, don't resist change. If you resist change, you'll die in this industry. How about other practitioners that may not be as familiar with Splunk, may be hearing about it for the first time. What's your advice in terms of bringing it into the organization? You said you started small and then grew any other landmines that you might want to try to avoid? Yeah, we still have people within our organization that still see Splunk as just a log archiving engine where traditionally we've taken data in, we've kept it for our audit retention periods and then it's been thrown in the bin. And there's so much information that is in that, in that data that we can use to enhance the experience for our customers, increase stability, reduce downtime. It's all there, we just need to embrace it and mine it and make use of it. What about the cloud platform? Were you using Storm or no? No, we're not using Storm. Okay, so what about cloud in general? Is that something that you guys, I mean, we, from a security point of view, we're a little bit hesitant about it. Just a little bit? We do have parts of our organization which are using cloud services while we get ourselves up to standalone strength. And we will be bringing those into our data centers if appropriate. Okay, so maybe those are sort of less risky applications, things that you're not as concerned about, but what about an organization that, let's say a commercial organization, maybe they're smaller, they don't have the resources to manage their own environment that's going to the cloud. As somebody who follows this world, understands the security, the threats, the risks, and some of the privacy issues, what kind of advice would you give to those people that are actually looking to get into the cloud specifically as it relates to security? If you can manage the risk and if the risk is acceptable to your organization, then the cloud is a great way to go. And if the risk is not acceptable, then you are unfortunately bound and have to invest in the infrastructure yourself. Do you agree or disagree with this statement that for the vast majority of organizations, a cloud service provider's security is going to be better than the organization's? True or false in your view? I disagree. No way, right? Okay, so talk about why. Cloud service providers are all about enabling people to get stuff done quickly. And part of that enabling means not restricting stuff. For example, you go to many virtual server providers and you will get a GUI. You will get loads of stuff, which is inherently insecure. Everything we do is stripped down. We take away anything that is not required to reduce the scope of attack and the surface of attack. So how do you balance that natural tension between flexibility and agility, making things easier to do and the need to secure your organization? I mean, they're almost completely counter poised. They are. So at one point you end up with someone's got to make a decision whether you go for a solution that is really secure but costs a lot more to support. And because you've got, say, the increased management overheads, because you've got to do more things, you've got to have more skilled engineers, you've got, if you're putting a new application live, you've got more relaxation that you have to do on your security measures to allow that application to function. And there is a balance to be had there with your developers, which just have a go heroes and they want it to work. It works absolutely fine in development and they can't work out why it doesn't work in a production area. Have a go heroes, I like that. Now, so how is that decision made? Specifically that balance between risk and value. Within our organization, we actually have people that are sat there managing the risk and working out which way is the appropriate solution to go? Should we be relaxing security measures or should we be keeping high security for that particular application? Right, because as a practitioner, you don't want to own that decision, but you obviously want to have input. Yeah, we provide input and we pass along our concerns and why we would want to do something in a certain way. And then we pass that up the chain of commands and they pass back down which direction they would like us to take. So what's on Splunk's to-do list? So, talk to management, what would make your life easier? And with regards to features or? Yeah, either features or policies or business practices or new products that you think they should introduce. Yeah, I think there is room for growth within Splunk. I think they could do some brilliant stuff going forward. And I think with Splunk 6 and where they've got rid of the advanced XML interface and the introduction of the pivot tables and the new engine to make everything go a lot quicker and easier, it reduces the need to have to train people on the search interface as much, which means you've got a quicker time to delivery for your lower skilled staff. We've been talking about that as sort of the holy grail, particularly in big data. A lot of initiatives, I'll say, whether it's the old decision support, the business intelligence crowd, the data warehousing crowd, there's been a lot of promises put forth that we're going to put tools in the hands of business users. Are we there? I really think we're at the point in our industry where that is becoming a reality. We're getting there. There are products such as Splunk which are enabling the business users to start to take control of the data that is sat in the IT infrastructure. Some of the competitive products that I've seen are very much focused towards security, for example. They're very much focused towards fixing IT issues. We haven't quite got there with all the products on allowing the business users to embrace their own destiny. Excellent. All right, Darren, thanks very much for coming on theCUBE and sharing the world-pay story. Really appreciate it. Thank you very much. We'll be right back. This is SiliconANGLE in Mukibon's exclusive coverage of Splunk.conference 2013. I'm John Furrier with SiliconANGLE, showing Dave Vellante. We'll be right back after this break with more exclusive coverage. Day one of two days of live streaming here in Las Vegas. We'll be right back.

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June 30th, The Morning Market Kickoff with Tommy O'Brien on TFNN - 2020

Visit https://www.youtube.com/user/tfnncorp/live every trading day at 8:30AM ET to follow along with Tommy O'Brien as he hosts The Morning Market Kickoff, LIVE, on TFNN! Every trading day Tommy O'Brien kicks off our broadcast with news and information to prepare us for the day's market action. For more from TFNN make sure to check out https://TFNN.com and Subscribe for new videos every day! FOLLOW US ON SOCIAL! FB - https://facebook.com/tfnn1 TWTR- https://twitter.com/tfnn LNKD - https://www.linkedin.com/company/tfnn IG - https://www.instagram.com/tfnncorp/

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The following is a presentation of TFNN, the morning market kickoff with your host Tommy O'Brien. Good morning, everybody. I'm Tommy O'Brien, company alive from TFNN, 8.30 a.m. Tuesday morning, 60 minutes ago until the opening ballot. We got markets in negative territory quite a day yesterday, quite a final 15 minutes to the market. S&P's trading up by about 20 points in the final rush toward the closing bell yesterday. Right now you got S&P's futures negative by eight points trading at 3,039, looking at the NQ's minus 18 at 99.56, the Dow negative 87 points, 25,411. Quite a day for the Dow yesterday, you had Boeing going from about $170 to $195 almost, that putting the biggest bid in the Dow in terms of an acceleration. Gold contract this morning, flat hanging at about 1780, seems like a level gold's been comfortable at recently. You've got oil, negative 66 cents at 3904, the silver contract up five pennies at 1811, and notes and bonds, some higher price and low yield, marginal action, but the 10-year up three ticks at 139.13 and the 30-year up 14 ticks at 179.15. So we'll start things off, we'll start off with the chart of the S&P's. We opened Sunday night 2983, you see the acceleration, we zoom in on the opening bell, you dive lower for 15 minutes and then the run higher begins. We were trading at 2990 and you finished out the day at about 3,050, so you're talking about a solid 2% from the lows we had right around the open to where we closed the action at 4pm yesterday. You see we kind of hang out at this level right until about 1am Eastern time, you dip down to 3,030, you trade up to as high as 3,055 folks, that's 25 S&P points. You're talking about 7 tenths percent, 8 tenths percent, but since 730, the last hour, we've actually given up almost 16 S&P points currently trading 3,039. We talked about the Dow, jumping over to the Dow briefly, there's your acceleration yesterday from 24,743, the Dow dips lower briefly on the open as well, and then we trade from under 25,000, finished the date around 25,5 just under that level 25,372. Quite the day yesterday as well, look at this charge higher from 4 in the morning at 3760, made it above 3980 almost to 40 within 11 pennies, 3989, we've backed off a bit, we get EIA numbers tomorrow, natural gas, let's jump to because talk about some volatility on the Monday session. Natural gas from 7 in the morning trades from under 160 to yesterday reaching a high of 174 and that's where we're trading at right now in natural gas. Jumping around to some of the other stories out there going on, you have Chairman Powell. He will be testifying today testimony ahead, and where is he in front of I believe? Ann Mnuchin, House Financial Services Committee, 12.30 p.m. That begins. Our man Basil Chapman will be live on the air. We'll see what he has to say, the House Financial Services Committee, the joint hearing will address the Fed and Treasury's response to the coronavirus pandemic. In a remarks he'll deliver Tuesday Powell said uncertainty reigns over the outlook for the economy in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. So that begins at 12.30, his remarks already out there, we'll see how that hits the market in terms of if he takes questions and what those questions or answers may be. One thing I found particularly interesting, nope, that's not it, where's my, there it is. So Goldman Sachs saying a national mask mandate could slash infections and save the economy from a quote 5% hit. You're seeing it folks, I think it was New Jersey yesterday, abandoned indoor dining. They're planned to open that because some of the states have already opened with the accelerated Florida being one of them, indoor dining, Texas, California, Arizona, Nevada, all of the hottest of spots, but a lot of states 20 plus and almost approaching 30 states now with rising trends over the last 14 days. We're going to jump into some of those numbers after the first break. But Goldman out here quite a number, listen to me say it. So their chief economist said a team investigated the link between masks and COVID. Goldman says a national mask mandate could raise the percentage of people who wears masks by 15 percentage points and cut the daily growth rate of cases by 1 percentage point to 0.6%. That means it will go from 1.6% to 0.6%. That's quite a reduction. And those results would then translate to a GDP impact and found the mask mandate could substitute for lockdowns that would subtract nearly 5% from growth. Stark numbers out there, we'll see how that plays out. In terms of playing out, we got four months until the election and these stories are going to start gaining steam as you have Trump versus Biden. The story out here that broke Friday in terms of Trump being briefed on Russia providing bounties for US soldiers. Trump out there saying he never heard anything about it. I don't know how you don't hear anything about it folks. That just doesn't happen. The reports keep coming out, substantiated by almost every news organization that the president did earlier than even anticipated. Written briefing in February about that at a time when the president's trying to bring along Russia to G7 meetings and include them with this going on for our men and women. So that's going to play out folks. The election is going to play out. It's remarkable that we're about to be in July and we're about four months out from the general. And it's just creeping up because there's so much else going on. But the market is going to start to react to these as well. In terms of political, China, they're getting political for sure. Controversial national security law for Hong Kong. So the top decision making body in China's parliament, they passed the contentious national security law for Hong Kong. And let's see. So it came ahead of tomorrow's anniversary making Hong Kong's hand over from the UK to mainland China, July 1st, 1997. And yeah, so you have the sole Hong Kong delegate to the committee confirmed on Tuesday that the law was passed. It came one day before. And critics say the new law will undermine the autonomy promised to the special administrative region for 50 years until 2047. Folks, that's 27 years down the line. For people out there, if you have a kid today for all those people in Hong Kong, if you have young children, you're probably coming to the realization that they are going to grow up in basically China. Because by the time they reach, if you have a kid today, they're going to be 27 years old, middle of their 20s. And you're going to be completely handed over to China with Xi in there forever. And you're going to see this escalate as well. And I believe this, Republicans and Democrats, to both their credit, pretty rough on China as they deserve to be in my opinion. So Amazon, they just keep climbing. The brand value now topping $400 billion. Talk about an acceleration, folks. $450.9 billion, increasing its worth for that brand by almost a third. So Apple came in second on the list, $352 billion, Microsoft 326. At a time when technology is just rocking, those brands worth more than their weight in gold. And how about Shell? Talk about some tough woes in the oil sector. Shell, they're going to write down $22 billion with a B of assets in the second quarter. They send a statement to investors that had renewed a significant portion of its business, given the impact of coronavirus. And they're writing down $22 billion. And what else we have? We'll finish up this segment. How about Uber? They didn't quite get Grubhub, so they're going after potentially Post-Mate. But Post-Mate might go public. We'll see what that goes. But Uber, positive probably on that 2950. We closed out about yesterday. We're up about $1 to $30.67 on Uber shares, as they looked to maybe purchase one of those competitors. Post-Mates, one of the early ones into that sector in terms of food delivery. But they are the number four player in that market, so maybe not as many antitrust concerns as original with that Grubhub purchase. Stay tuned, folks. S&P is now negative 11. We get the Dow off 121. Right back in three minutes. TFNN has just launched their July 4th Tiger Dollar sale. For one week only, we've doubled all the bonuses where you can now get up to a 20, 30, or even a 40% bonus on your Tiger Dollar purchase. Tiger Dollars are good on all TFNN newsletters, webinars, and trading services and never expire. For all the details and to get your Tiger Dollars before this sale ends, Monday, July 6th, visit the front page of TFNN.com today. As of January 7th. The gold reports a comprehensive look at the metal sector, as well as the markets that move gold, which is the currency and bond markets. News subscribers get a 30-day money back guarantee, so you have nothing to lose. Every Monday morning, I publish the gold report with coverage of gold, silver, bonds, the XAU, HUI, GDX, as well as more than 30 different mining equities. To see for yourself the types of profitable trades that are recommended within the gold report, sign up now by visiting TFNN.com. Don't miss out on the next great gold trade. Sign up today. Objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the direction shares carefully before investing. The prospectus and summary prospectus contain this and other information about direction shares. To obtain a prospectus or summary prospectus, please contact direction shares at 866-476-7523. The prospectus or summary prospectus should be read carefully before investing. An investment in the funds is subject to risk including the possible loss of principal. The funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors. Distributor, four-side fund services, LLC. Don't forget, you can listen to TFNN live on your mobile device 24 hours per day. Go to TFNN.com and hit Watch Tiger TV. That's TFNN.com and hit Watch Tiger TV for the latest market information. Welcome back, folks. Right now, S&P is negative by about 10 points. Jumping back to what else we have going on for Tuesday trading. You have Fauci and other top US health officials. They're going to be testifying today. So White House health advisor, Dr. Fauci and top US health agency leaders set to testify Tuesday morning before the Senate Health Education, Labor and Pensions Committee. One day after CDC officials said the coronavirus is spreading too rapidly. So I'd seen this article yesterday if you hadn't seen it, folks. I mean, way too much virus to control the pandemic as cases surge across the country. The idea was to get things low enough where you could test and trace and tell people when they're exposed to quarantine. You can't do that when you have numbers, folks, that are approaching a level of about 40,000 cases a day. When you think about the contract tracing that would have to take place in terms of every single person contacting every single person that they were in touch with, let alone that rising number. The one thing encouraging, the decreasing death rates for sure in Florida. We have the average age of the person infected being 34, I believe, as of last count. So that is affecting things dramatically. The only thing I would point to is a potential rise in this as delayed data, deaths, lagging cases. When you start to get a level of 10,000 cases a day, even if a majority of those are not going to be extreme cases that require whether it's hospital visits, doctor visits, ICU, etc. You're still dealing with so many numbers that it could begin to creep into more high risk people. And that is what the worry may be out there. Okay, in terms of other headlines out here I had going on. This one was kind of cool, I was reading this morning. So an opinion piece from Bloomberg, but talking about basically active management. And they had some cool statistics in here in terms of performance of active managers and how that plays out. So marketing for mutual funds always carries the disclaimer that passive performance, no guarantee of future returns. We're all pretty familiar with that phrase. But the degree to which passive performance fails to persist over time goes far beyond the ups and downs of the market. So of the funds that made it into the top 25% of returns in the five years, okay? So your top 25% over a period of 2010 to 2014, only 21% of them managed to stay in the top quartile for the following five years. By comparison, 29% of the top former performers switched and started investing a different style. So basically they're saying like they volunteered to change their strategy, even realizing that that was not possible. Only one fifth of the top quartile, I'll get there, domestic funds, stayed in the top quartile, right? So you're talking about less than almost a 25% chance if you invest in a fund that is in the top quartile over a five year period, that over that next five year period, there's less than a 25% chance. Really, it's about a 20% chance that you will again be in the top quartile of performing funds. So over the years, mutual funds marketing has generally evolved from boasting up about past returns, has moved on from publishing their returns, and the S&P which uses data, okay, let's get into what they're talking about. Some of these stats, the road from here, let me scroll down. Come on, where's my statistics I had? I'll have to maybe pull it up at the second break, because they talked about the performance basically of each one and how they do. Okay, here we go. Sorry for the pause as I get into here. What it really talks about is when you start getting into something like the Russell 2000 or small caps, it's super important. Over the years, mutual fund marketing generally evolved from boasting. Let's see. Alright, I'll have to jump around. I thought I had this all. The case for active management and government bonds looks much stronger, and this is where so 61% of the top quartile managers in that same year period hold on to that position from 2015 to 2020. So if you're talking about an active management government bond fund and you choose one of the top performers that happened to be from 2010 to 2014, there's so much that goes into this though, especially in bonds, right? Bonds have been a one-way trade to higher price and lower yield since the late 80s. Equities, not so much. So this is good news as indexing and fixed income tends to involve giving more money to borrowers with more bonds outstanding. The problem grows more acute. Here we go. This is what I wanted to get into for small cap equities for which the case for indexing is weaker and where there should be a clear role for active managers conducting their own research and spotting diamonds in the rough. But the slings and arrows have been particularly brutal. So small cap managers who finished in the top quartile for 2014 to 2016 far more likely to appear in the bottom quartile for the next three years, 2017 to 2019, then in the top quartile again. So only 1.6%. Where this used things folks though is that 2014 and 2016 were different from 2017 and 2018. I mean, we had a run here to put things in context. Let's put this on a daily for the S&Ps and we'll go back. Now we got to put it on a monthly, of course. Zoom it in. So they were mentioning in that article, 2014-16, which is 2014 here begins, excuse me, 2014 is right here, 2015, 2016. And then look at the run though it had from 2017, 18 and 19. The beginning of 2017, the S&Ps basically started about 2250 and ended 2019 at 3250 versus 2014 started at about 1750 and only ended at 21. Still decent return over three years, but you can see the difference in the market which is obviously going to affect different managers. But it was just interesting because we've all looked probably if you're in any funds, right? How have you done compared to your peers? What quartile are you in? Are you a top performer, active manager? And it's really interesting to see how quickly you can go from that top quartile to maybe the bottom quartile or just how interesting almost 30% of active fund managers are changing what they're doing over that period of time, maybe realizing themselves that if it did work or if it did not work, things are going to change in the future. Interesting nonetheless as we get into it. All right, checking around some of the Fang stocks. Tesla, how about Tesla ringing in that bell about 10 years ago? Tesla, this morning back above 1,000 at about 1,007 Amazon shares, 2684 holding well in that range, Microsoft shares, 197.97 down a bit from 198.44 yesterday, Boeing, the big flyer yesterday up to 195 from about 170 in the close of Friday this morning given back some of those gains back to about 189 on Boeing shares, Netflix, 448 from 432 yesterday. And how about the social media trade yesterday? Facebook going from 206 pre-market. I mean, we opened the day yesterday at 207.11. And look at that closing bar to a high of 220. Facebook, back this out again. They got some problems in their hands with many more advertisers leaving or pausing, but Tom and I were talking about on the 10 o'clock show yesterday when push comes to shove. Advertisers need to spend budgets. They need to reach people. There's probably no better way than Facebook right now. And if they still have active Facebook pages and they're just pausing things, maybe not the most meaningful way and Facebook might rebound. All right, check it out on the front page of TFNN, Short and Trading Week. We got July 4th coming up on Saturday. We're closed on Friday. We got a Tiger Dolls sale running folks. You can double your bonus, a 20, 30, or 40% bonus on whatever you spend. This deal runs through Monday. Check it out on the front page of TFNN. 500, you get 600, 1,000, you get 1,300, 1,500, you get 2,100. Tiger Dolls can be used for any newsletter. If you're a current subscriber, it's a no-brainer. If you're going to subscribe, lock them in. They never expire, folks. That deal runs this week only. Check it out on the front page of TFNN.com. Get those Tiger Dolls. We'll be right back. Back in the day, I joined the Hotel California in 2006 and, like many of you, was drawn in by as well as whatever you think about, you bring about whatever you focus on grows. You see, I believe that everything in life happens for us, not to us. And Tom ignited the fire within me to want to learn how to master the markets. So how did I go from knowing nothing about technical analysis to becoming the number one market timer for the S&P 500 in 2018 and the number two market timer in 2019? Simply put, I hired coaches with a proven track record, which led me to a whole new set of tools that I created to interpret the message of buyers and sellers. I would love the opportunity to teach you this award-winning set of tools and help you improve your market timing. You can test drive my newsletter service, Mastering Probabilities, for the next 30 days with no risk to you. Plus, you'll gain access to archive workshops that will take you step-by-step through my system. Sign up today by going to the home page of TFNN.com and selecting Mastering Probability in the newsletter tab. If you haven't checked out the newsletters page of TFNN.com, what are you waiting for? All of the TFNN newsletters are informative, up-to-date, affordable, and a must-have for every trader looking to gain a competitive informational edge in today's markets. TFNN newsletters cover every aspect of the markets to offer you the very latest in market news. Plus, new subscribers get to test drive our newsletters risk-free for 30 days. From all aspects of the markets, including stocks, bonds, metals, commodities, and tech, there's a newsletter to fit your needs exclusively from TFNN. Stay informed each day you trade and get the competitive edge that will help you stay ahead of the game. Visit our newsletters page by going to TFNN.com and click the newsletters button near the top of the page. TFNN.com, educating investors. We take it every morning. Primal Edge, formulated and approved by Nico & Page, of living a primal lifestyle. Buy it today for just $89. Click on the Primal Edge banner on the front page of TFNN.com. Don't forget, you can listen to TFNN live on your mobile device 24 hours per day. Go to TFNN.com and hit Watch Tiger TV. That's TFNN.com and hit Watch Tiger TV for the latest market information. Now we're looking at an S&P down 10 points at 3037. NASDAQ futures down 29. The Dow off 100. We've got the 10-year yield right now sitting at 0.625%. We're looking at a gold contract basically flat at 1780. And jumping around, how about those banks? Where's my headline? There it is. So talking about dividends, Tom talked about this on his program a couple of days ago. Talking about Wells Fargo at their current level was pushing something like a 7% yield on their dividend versus the other banks nowhere near and way above. And it comes out of course that Wells Fargo, they're going to be cutting their dividend after those stress tests. So you had each of the banks in terms of Goldman, they got commentary from Goldman, Morgan Stanley City, Wells Fargo though, not quite determined yet, but we expect our second quarter results will include an increase in the allowance for credit losses substantially higher than the increase in the first quarter. Credit losses allowance, they need to cover them and they're coming. Wells Fargo continues to have one of the strongest capital positions relative to regulatory minimums among the world's financial services firms, demonstrated by our stress tests. Maybe that's because they have to, because they've done so many nefarious things that they got more regulations than most banks do. These are certainly extremely challenging times for many and we remain committed to supporting our customers and communities. Nonetheless, they're cutting the dividend, all the other banks keeping their dividend where they are jumping around some of those banks, Wells Fargo. Down to 2521 yesterday, really, I mean, we were just at 2750, but some of the other banks, Goldman Sachs, look at that drop from 208 down to 188. Friday, we're currently trading at about 193. Bank of America shares 2332 so far this morning. City shares 5031 and Morgan Stanley will round it out at about 4709. They've had some volatility recently. Speaking of volatility, we'll check in on the VIX as we come into almost 9 a.m., 30 minutes to go, 3235 on the volatility index as it seems pretty comfortable in between about the 30 to 40 range. And again, the rule of 16 on the VIX, right? VIX 16 means you're expecting a move of a half a percent every one out of three days. A VIX of 32, a 1% move every one out of three days. And we're getting those 1% moves, if not 2%, 3%. Stay tuned, folks, our man Larry Pes vento coming up live next with Trade What You See.

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BIO101_Topic049

BIO101 - Basic biology by Dr Jamil Ahmad

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Sodron Blotting Procedure The procedure used to perform the technique Sodron Blotting is that first of all DNA is extracted from the cells. Once DNA is purified or it is extracted from the cells, this DNA is cleaved with the help of restriction enzymes. After the restriction enzyme digestion, the resulting fragments they are separated on the basis of their size by using electrophoresis. The DNA fragments are denatured and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane for the analysis. So these are the few initial steps for the Sodron Blot that first of all DNA is purified then that DNA is cleaved with the help of restriction enzymes. Once the DNA is digested then it is run on the gel electrophoresis to separate the resulting fragments and then these DNA fragments they are denatured and they are transferred to nitrocellulose membrane. When the fragments they are transferred to nitrocellulose membrane then a labelled probe is added to the blocked membrane and incubated for several hours to allow that the probe molecule will find their targets on the DNA. What is incubated with wash buffers containing NaCl and detergent to wash away excess probe? Once the washing is performed then the radioactive probes they enable by auto radiographic detection. So if we summarize the procedure of the Sodron Blotting is that once the DNA is denatured and it is transferred to the membrane the labelled probe is added that find their target on the entire DNA once it is bind to the DNA then the excessive probe is washed and the radioactive probe is detected with the help of auto radiography. So this is the procedure that how Sodron Blot is performed. Here we can see diagrammatically that how Sodron Blot is performed this is the DNA. This DNA is digested with the help of restriction enzymes then it is run on the gel electrophoresis so that we can separate the bands here we can see these are the bands once they are separated then these bands they are transferred to the membrane. Here we can see nitrocellulose membrane and the gel once the bands they are transferred on nitrocellulose membrane here we can see that the bands they have been transferred on nitrocellulose membrane then probe is added probe is already labelled when the probe is added to the membrane it attaches to the specific target or the complementary sequence on the DNA then that probe is studied with the help of auto radiography. So this is the procedure that how Sodron Blot is performed in the labs. So if we conclude the procedure of the Sodron Blot, Sodron Blot is a technique which is used to identify a particular sequence of the DNA or a particular mutation from the DNA sequence.

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King Abdullah II & Queen Rania of Jordan | House Tour | $70 Million Malibu Mansion & More

King Abdullah II & Queen Rania of Jordan | House Tour | $70 Million Malibu Mansion & More SUBSCRIBE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkrKgPRTzgfFE6NLWvx3vUQ?sub_confirmation=1 How much land does the king own? Well, I guess that kind of depends on which King you’re talking about, but if it’s King Abdullah II of Jordan alongside his wife, Queen Rania, then, as it turns out – far more than they should. Abdullah has ruled Jordan since the death of his father in 1999 – the man who originally positioned the kingdom as a key ally of the Western world, while also being known for his very public displays of wealth. Well, his son has most definitely carried on with that tradition. The problem is, in a country that’s propped up by billions of dollars in international financial aid – and where unemployment has nearly doubled over the past decade – the King’s wealth is something that the government considers to be too sensitive for the public to know about. Until the release of the “Pandora Papers” that is. Considered to be the biggest leak of offshore financial secrets detailing the hidden assets of some of the world’s richest people, this leak contained 11.9 million files worth of confidential information thanks to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. In 2014, King Abdullah II of Jordan shelled out $33.5 Million for what’s the most palatial -- and certainly most expensive -- of his real-estate purchases revealed by the Pandora Papers, a vast clifftop property on California’s Malibu coast. #KingAbdullah #QueenRania #HouseTour #RealEstate #Jordan #RoyalFamily #Malibu #FamousEntertainment Follow Kara on IG: https://www.instagram.com/karathevampireslayer/ Visit Us On IG: https://www.instagram.com/famousentertainmentofficial/ ------------------------------------------------------------ Writer / Host: Kara https://www.instagram.com/karathevampireslayer Website: https://www.BeforeTheyWereFamous.com

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How much land does the king own? Well, I guess that kind of depends on which king you're talking about. But if it's King Abdullah II of Jordan alongside his wife Queen Rania then, as it turns out, far more than they should. Abdullah has ruled Jordan since the death of his father in 1999, the man who originally positioned the kingdom as a key ally of the western world, while also being known for his very public displays of wealth. Well, his son is most definitely carried on with that tradition. The problem is in a country that's propped up by billions of dollars in international financial aid, and where unemployment has nearly doubled over the past decade, the king's wealth is something that the government considers to be too sensitive for the public to know about. Until the release of the Pandora Papers, that is, considered to be the biggest leak of offshore financial secrets detailing the hidden assets of some of the world's richest people. It contains 11.9 million files worth of confidential information, thanks to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. Its biggest revelation that nearly 32 trillion dollars of secret shadow money had been hidden by dozens of world leaders in global tax havens. And to absolutely nobody's surprise, much of that money has wound up being funneled into luxury real estate, which brings us back to King Abdullah II. The files exposed that the Arab world's largest serving current monarch has spent the past few decades amassing an international luxury property empire worth over 100 million dollars. With a footprint stretching from the cliff tops of Malibu, California to Washington, D.C. and the streets of London, this longtime monarch isn't short of places to call home, no matter what country he's visiting. For what I'm just going to have to assume are diplomatic purposes. Has the king actually done anything wrong here? Let's find out as I take you inside some of these breathtaking mansions. In 2014, King Abdullah II of Jordan shelled out 33.5 million dollars for what's the most palatial and certainly most expensive of his real estate purchases revealed by the Pandora Papers, a vast cliff top property on California's Malibu coast, described as a resort hotel like mega mansion, which is maybe five of the most exciting sounding words in the English language when lined up next to each other. This estate is said to contain 26 rooms and overlook a stretch of coastline that was actually made famous as the location of the shocking final scene in the original 1968 Planet of the Apes film. Originally built in 1999 and tucked behind gates, the home is of unclear architectural heritage, but we do see some large columns and inside the entire space is most definitely fit for a modern day king. After buying the property, Abdullah poured millions more into a complete overhaul of the home. The interiors are now likely even fancier than some of the images you're about to see. Take for example this ocean view kitchen that's been equipped with striking wood cabinets, which connects directly to a family room with an outdoor patio. Upstairs, you'll discover a lavishly decorated primary suite with sitting areas, spa style bathrooms, and a private balcony with stunning whitewater views. Elsewhere back on the main floor, the home's Ritz Carlton-like interiors also include a massive movie theater and a fully stocked gym. Meanwhile, outside there's a swimming pool and a big grassy yard that overlooks the Pacific Ocean. Alongside various patios and terraces, all of which offer ample space for a little alfresco dining and entertainment. As impossibly beautiful as that home is, apparently, it just wasn't enough for King Abdullah's purposes. And over the next few years, he'd scoop up further homes in this sun-drenched city. In 2015, his royal highness spent $12.2 million for the property directly right next door. This 2,700 square foot estate is the smallest and least expensive of the King's Malibu's holdings. Built in 1982, the four-bedroom, four-bathroom home sits on a 1.1-acre lot and boasts a very cozy beach-chic vibe. The white Mediterranean villa-style structure is partially shrouded by dense foliage and includes garden walkways as well as panoramic ocean views. Not much is known about the interior, but it's believed that the home was converted into a security building for the King's bodyguards and other service staff. Recently, documents were submitted to city officials for a tear-down, with a proposal to build a new home on that same lot that would be twice as large as the old one. So it's possible that the King has big plans for this property in the coming years. In September of 2017, the King made his most recent purchase of his three Malibu estates when he spent $23 million on a 1.3-acre property next to Point Doome State Beach, boasting 7,700 square foot of space alongside seven bedrooms as well as seven baths. This former listing for this property described it as a grand European-style estate with 100 feet of bluff-top panoramic ocean views. Images of the outside reveal a beige house that gives off a light, airy feel and makes me imagine that the King and Queen probably use this property as a laid-back beach pad when they're looking to engage in a little R&R. According to reports, the King also has construction plans for this home, which include the additions of a new pool, gregola and a large outdoor barbecue space. If you were to add those three properties up alone, you're already arriving at a price tag of nearly $70 million. But these weren't the only estates that the King quietly added to his portfolio over the years. Outside of his homes in Malibu, California, King Abdullah II of Jordan has also acquired four condominiums in Georgetown, a wealthy part of Washington D.C. for a total of $16 million between 2012 and 2014. According to reports, his son Crown Prince Hussain was attending Georgetown University at the time of these purchases. He also secretly bought a portfolio of seven luxury properties in the United Kingdom. These include three in Belgravia, London. Purchased between 2003 and 2011, these English homes are estimated to have a current market value of around $35 million in total. At the same time as the President was spending money as if it were nothing, the United Kingdom's government was sending up to $120 million a year in bilateral aid to Jordan, and they were far from the only country doing so. The biggest red flag when it comes to the King's real estate purchases is that he used a number of different offshore companies incorporated in the British Virgin Islands to keep his ownership of these properties a secret. Those individuals who set up these companies on behalf of the King were extremely careful not to identify him in any way and only referred to him in internal documents as you know who. I know that was only done to protect his identity, but now that we know what was really going on, all that does is make Abdullah sound guiltier by drawing comparisons to he who shall not be named. In a statement released by Jordan's Royal Hashemid Court, it was suggested that the King had not acted in an improper manner when it came to taking ownership of these properties, greeting in parts. His Majesty uses these properties during official visits and hosts official and foreign dignitaries there. The King and his family members also stay in some of these properties during private visits. It was further suggested that the ownership of these properties wasn't originally publicized out of security and privacy concerns, not out of secrecy. Using offshore companies to acquire property isn't illegal and is sometimes used for exactly the reasons that the Jordan government claims, but the secrecy of this system also opens the door up to money laundering, which is why people were looking to the King for answers. No matter what way you look at it, this League of Public Finances and his real estate portfolio is an embarrassing blow for Abdullah who was only further made to look foolish recently when his half-brother, former Crown Prince Hamza, accused the ruling system of corruption. Claiming he was a victim of a malicious plot, the King decided to place his half-brother under house arrest. The question is, with all the homes his family owns, which palatial estate do you think his half-brother has been incarcerated in? In all honesty, I'd be willing to be placed under house arrest too if it meant being holed up in one of these residences. Alright everyone, that's gonna bring this latest house tour to a close. Thanks so much for watching and before you head out, consider answering the following question. If you found out someone you knew had an offshore account, would you immediately assume that they were up to something? Let me know what you think about the King's real estate activities in the comments down below. Now, otherwise, like, subscribe and turn on your notifications to make sure that you never miss an episode. My name's Kara and if you'd like to keep checking out another beautiful mansion or two, then stay tuned as I take you inside the homes of another notorious world leader, Dick Cheney. I'll see you all next time. Bye! Has there ever been a more powerful or frightening vice president of the United States than Dick Cheney? After all, this is a man that not only resembled the penguin from Batman by looks, but demeanor as well, with many photos taken of the man always managing to capture him with a sneer. And then there was that whole hunting fiasco where he wound up accidentally shooting a friend of his, only to have said friend apologize to him. Now, that's what I call power. In the years leading up to his ascent at the right hand of George W. Bush, Dick was living in the town of McLean, Virginia, more or less the political celebrity capital of America. To say that McLean is a right-wing haven might be something of an exaggeration, but only slightly. Here in this neighborhood, real estate prices are some of the most expensive in the city. And it was already a challenge to find anything less than $400,000 over 20 years ago. McLean has always been upscale, and before it was reborn as a Republican enclave, it used to be home to the Kennedys. In fact, Ethel Kennedy still owns a house on Hickory Hill to this day. Even Jacqueline Kenny Onassis' step-parents once owned a house here. Probably because most residents turned a blind eye to these political dynamos that roam the streets and shops around them. Simply put, McLean is not the kind of place where you'll catch people gawking, which made it perfect for the Cheneys. Back in the late 80s, Dick and his wife Lynn spent about $450,000 for a three-bedroom, three-and-a-half bathroom, two-story family townhouse located just down the street from a popular eatery known as Three Picks Barbecue. More than just the occasional fan of some Southern-style barbecue, Dick also became a fixture at the meat counter of the someplace special giant gourmet. But when George took office, Dick moved into the Vice President's residence at the Naval Observatory for what would turn out to be the next eight years. As a result, Dick sold this original property. Dick and Lynn then decided to spend more than on their last home-dropping $1.35 million on a small lot in January 2000 before heading to Washington, D.C. Dick tore down the original home that was standing on the property over the course of his tenure as Vice President and constructed a massive 12,765-square-foot home that was ready for when he left office in 2008 at the expense of around $1.5 million. In terms of location, Cheneys people have done a fantastic job scrubbing all potential details about where the former Vice President lives from the Internet. For the most part, all you're going to find are dead links and timeouts. What I can tell you is that Cheneys new neighborhood was close enough to the CIA that he could easily wander over to their head office from time to time to make sure that everyone was up to snuff on their intelligence gathering. Now, when it comes to the interior, reports suggest that Cheneys residence is a four bedroom, nine bathroom abode that includes his and her en suites off the master bedroom on the first floor as well as his and her libraries. Cheneys also has two more bedrooms on the second floor along with a sitting room, an exercise room, and three bathrooms. There's even a playroom in the basement for the grandkids as well as a spot above the attached two car garage where guests can stay in a one bedroom and bath quarters. Last but not least, considering Cheneys age, the home was installed with an elevator so that he could easily move from floor to floor. Now that you know where Dick spends the vast majority of his time, let's take a look at where he likes to vacation. In 2005, Dick Cheney paid $2.67 million for a stunning waterfront estate located in St. Michael, Maryland. Situated in Chesapeake Bay, this property would later be described by the New York Times as a wide squat Mount Vernon. According to real estate records, Cheney bought this home under his Sumner LLC, a company that's managed by Dick's personal secretary. Dick is not the home's only owner of historical note. One of Thomas Edison's daughters, Madeline, lived here with her husband John Sloane, who originally built the cottage as their private-shore getaway. They even named Ballantober after medieval castle in Ireland. Constructed in 1930 and built the top nine acres of land, Cheney's picturesque property is located about two miles from his longtime friend and former co-worker Donald Rumsfield, who purchased his own home in the area for $1.5 million in 2003. This gated treeline estate features an expansive compound that reportedly totals five bedrooms, one half baths, as well as nearly 5,000 square feet of living space. Boasting an open floor plan, the main house includes a light-filled living room with three walls of windows offering breathtaking views of the surrounding water. In addition, there's also a kitchen that flows out to a family room along with a formal dining room and primary suite located on the first floor. Since the Cheneys are likely to have visitors drop by pretty often, the home also offers plenty of room for friends and family. Not only is there a separate guest cottage, there's a guest suite attached to the three-car garage. There's also plenty of room outside where you'll discover multiple patios, gardens, a pool, and a deep water dock. Dick and his wife would vacation at this lovely home regularly each summer, but then in 2019, he listed the home for just under $2.5 million, ultimately selling it for $2.1 million. While that was a loss I don't think Dick cared much, especially not when you take into consideration that he already had another gorgeous getaway waiting for him in Wyoming. As little as might be known about Dick Cheney's homes in the orbit of Washington DC, we know even less about his longtime residence in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. There on the outskirts of town, Dick has owned a massive mansion since the early 2000s, estimated to be worth $3.6 million that he's used to throw fundraisers for conservative politicians looking to reach the White House. I'm talking folks like Mitt Romney, remember him? Obama might have banished Mitt to the Neverrealm back in 2012, but there was a time when it was looking like Romney might actually defeat Barack, and a lot of that had to do with the money that Dick helped Mitt rake in through a series of fundraisers. You'll notice on the invite that Cheney sent out for their little shindig that only the biggest spenders would be invited to a dinner at their private home. And while the general reception was held at the Teton Pines Country Club nearby, all the actual important stuff was no doubt finalized inside the Cheney residence that overlooks the club grounds with some sweeping mountain views. Again, since very little is known about this home, the only actual photographic evidence of it is a series of pictures taken by USA Today of the former vice president relaxing around the estate. Thanks to those images, we know that his grounds are covered in trees and that there is more than enough space for him to spend time with their family dog Nelson. The only other spaces he provided access to were his kitchen, which boasts granite counters, dark wood cabinets, and stainless steel appliances. And Cheney also has a nice, if not kind of underwhelming study, located on site that boasts leather chairs, picture frame windows, reading materials, and a stone fireplace. Well there you have it, all the information on Dick Cheney's homes that's fit for video. But with Cheney, you don't know what's going to happen next. Thanks so much for joining me and, before you head out, consider answering the following question. What's the craziest Dick Cheney story you've ever heard? Shooting his own friend by accident is only the tip of the iceberg, so remind me of some of your old favorites down below. Otherwise, like, subscribe, and turn on your notifications to never miss an episode.

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Virtual Open Day: Research MSc Social and Behavioral Sciences, Career prospects

Welcome to the virtual open day: these are the career prospects of the Research Master's Social and Behavioral Sciences program as taught at Tilburg University. For more information please visit: http://www.tilburguniversity.edu/education/masters-programmes/social-and-behavioural-sciences/

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In order je te vertellen over je future perspecties, ik geloof het meest onderscheidige en scientifische manier om je in het overvliegen van de eerste job na de gradatie te geven. Dus ik heb de studenten die in de laatste drie jaar graduïd en op hun eerste job gezien. Zoals je kunt zien, 71% van de studenten hebben zo behoekd op scientifische reiswerken dat ze als PhD-studenten werd. Ik moet zeggen dat bij het begin van het programmaal, de meeste studenten zijn niet echt zeker of ze in de academie willen blijven en preferen om alle opties open te laten gaan. Maar we zien dat als het tijd gaat om, meer en meer studenten willen een career hebben op de universiteit. Dankzij de kwaliteit van de studenten en het programmaal, de meeste studenten die een PhD-student willen worden, krijgen een PhD-positie. Wat helpt is dat in de Nederlands, PhD-studenten niet duurden en eigenlijk de hoge salarie krijgen om hun PhD-studenten te schrijven. Zoals je kunt zien, zijn studenten hun PhD-positie op een brede rand van gebouwen. Dit is de advies om een interdisciplinair programma te hebben. Niet alle studenten worden PhD-studenten. Some prefer a job as a researcher either inside or outside the university. For example in a commercial research company. Some students leave their research altogether. It's reassuring to know that they find a good job anyway. For approximately 10% of the students we just do not know. These include the three students who have a temporary job and are waiting for a position as a PhD-student.

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Science Pirates Songs - Hypothesis Song

Science Pirates Songs - Hypothesis Song - New Mexico State University 2003 - - Video furnished by Media Productions, New Mexico State University. Noncommercial use only. These animated songs from the adventure learning game, 'Science Pirates: The Curse of Brownbeard', guide middle school students through concepts in both science and food safety.

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The following is a production of New Mexico State University. Ba-doom, ba-doom, do-ba-doom, do-ba-doom, do-doom, do-be-doom, ba-doom, ba-doom, do-ba-doom, do-ba-doom, do-ba-doom, do-be-doom, do-be-doom, do-be-doom, do-be-doom, do-be-doom, do-be-doom, do-be-doom, begin with what you know from observation. Do-ba-doom, do-bun, do-bun, do-bun, do-bun, do-bun, do-bun, do-bun, do,bun, do-bun, do-in, do a question or thing you'd like to know. Then you hypothesis. Do a prediction, Test if you are right. Do it more than just an educated hypothesize The preceding was a production of New Mexico State University. The views and opinions in this program are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of the NMSU Board of Regents.

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Part 6 - Using computer technologies in teaching

Part 6 - Using computer technologies in teaching

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Hello, welcome to part 6 of the audio tape. We have examined the educational potential of both popular and the most dominant educational medium textbooks. In the last part, we examine a rapidly growing new medium and that is computer technologies. Computer technologies offer huge potential but also some dangers. Let's listen to Tule Tsenye of SchoolNet, John Gultik, Nicky Roberts and Neil Butcher of CEDI. I read in newspapers at the moment all these amazing promises about what computers are going to do for education in this country. The idea that at very low cost you can put computers into every classroom, every school and through those sorts of things you will actually get education to everyone in the country. Do computers actually offer that kind of magic solution to our problems? I do not think that computers on their own can actually bring about differences in teaching and learning. I think it's more about teachers being able to do their work, teachers being able to teach strategically and facilitate lessons properly, etc. So yes, as much as we would be happy that all classrooms are connected but we still feel there is a challenge out there in terms of ensuring that we develop teachers appropriately in using these technologies effectively, etc. I think if you compare the introduction of all technologies in history you will have seen that when radio was introduced it was going to solve the education problems of all of the world and that within 10 or 15 years there were going to be radios in every classroom and teachers wouldn't be necessary. Now I think there's a similar kind of feeling around computers at the moment where you see adverts of build your IQ power, your child won't cope unless they have a computer at home all that kind of thing is contributing to that sense of euphoria of computers are going to solve everything. But I think one of the things that computers does do that's different to technologies that have preceded it is a lawful communication and collaboration and the strength of being able to use the same technology to be able to communicate with either your colleague to ask a district officer when's the next workshop to be able to share your materials with other people as teachers I think is one of the huge advantages of computers. The second then is the other component of the internet which is access to a whole lot of resources and information that is being generated both in South Africa and in other places in the world and having schools gain access to that library of information I think helps tremendously in trying to redress some of the problems of access to information and good resources. From there we obviously need to unpack what constitutes access because what we've discovered is putting a computer in a classroom or in a school principal office doesn't constitute access. What constitutes access is sustainable integration of that technology into the school in a way in which it can be used by the people who are part of the school. We've been doing some work with an NGO working in the Alexander Township called the DevEd Trust in trying to use information technologies to support administration of schools in Alexandra. What they discovered for example is that by providing the administrators of those schools access to computer facilities not only were those schools able to deliver timetables at the beginning of the year in many cases for the first time ever they also found that the person days required to develop those timetables was reduced from about 20 person days to around about one person day per school. If you think about the fact that people generate lessons and tests and then have to update them every year and have to rewrite them from scratch those kind of things are really helped by having your resources on computer and able to update them as and when you need to. Having it in digital form means that you can do that quickly and easily and use it again and again. I think it's really important for individual teachers to be considering what role they can play. Teachers themselves can't just throw up their arms and say well I'm in a school where I don't have any access to a computer there's absolutely nothing I can do and I think there are specific things that teachers can do. It might mean that you're starting just with teachers being encouraged to buy your own computer and see what that does for your administration in terms of managing your workload. From there you could be looking to introduce one or two computers into a school and planning from there on and I would be encouraging any prospective teachers or teachers to be proactive in their approach to gaining access themselves. The other truth about that is that the ones you are proactive are likely to be the ones that also receive the support from organisations like SchoolNet. Those organisations are going to be looking to invest in projects that have the greatest chance of success and so they'll be looking to work with the keen and excited people not the people who feel as if they're being dragged along by something that they actually want to resist. Your CD-ROM also features this interview as well as examples of some of the resources that the speakers have mentioned. Try this medium out if you can get access to a computer with a CD-ROM drive. Well this is the end of the audio tape but continue working in your learning guide. Enjoy.

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Bachelor Degree, GENERAL ENGLISH, 1st Semester, Block-1, Unit - 3 : “Simon Lee” Part - II

Presented by Chayanika Roy, Assistant Professor (English), Padmanath Gohainbaruah School Of Humanities, KKHSOU. Edited by : H. Mout.

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Hello learners, I am Chainika Rai from Padmanand Gohan Borua School of Humanities, Krishnakandar Hendrik State Upan University. This is the second part of the video lecture on the poem Simon Lee by William Wordsworth. In the previous video, we have reflected on the life and works of the poet William Wordsworth. We have come to know that lyrical ballads that was co-written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Colleridge is considered as the official manifesto of the romantic movement. And this is suggestive of the influence and the greatness of William Wordsworth's poetic creation. We have also come to know that the French Revolution impacted or triggered the romantic movement to a great extent. Like the other romantic poets, William Wordsworth was also very much influenced by the revolution. We have also noted that because of the bloodshed that was associated with the revolution and also because of the related political turmoil, William Wordsworth turned towards nature in his poetry to find solace. So in this video, we shall deal with the poem in details. And also try to comprehend what are the important themes or the issues that has been reflected by the poem. The poem Simon Lee has been included in the lyrical ballads that was published in 1798. Let us look what Wordsworth himself has to say about the Huntsman that is Simon Lee. This old man had been Huntsman to the Squires of Alphoxden, which at the time we occupied it belonged to a manor. The old man's cottage stood upon a common, a little way from the entrance to Alphoxden Park. But it had disappeared. Many other changes had taken place in the adjoining village, which I could not but notice with a regret more natural than well-considered improvements but rarely appear such to those who, after long intervals of time, revisit places they have had much pleasure in. It is unnecessary to add the fact was, as mentioned in the poem, and I have, after an interval of forty-five years, the image of the old man as fresh before my eyes as if I had seen him yesterday. The expression, when the hounds were out, I dearly loved their voice, was word for word from his own lips. Simon Lee was an old Huntsman from Cardiganshire, a county in Wales. The poet narrator tells us that he was once an active and strong man who was a fine Huntsman whom no one could arrive in. Hunting, that is, chasing and killing animals for sport, was a popular hobby among the John Tree and in Britain, hunting mostly referred to the sport of hunting foxes. And Simon Lee was not one to engage himself in farming or tilling. He would rather enjoy in the merrier pursuit of hunting. But as we read the poem, we realize that there is a change in the fortunes of this Huntsman as he stripped of health, strength, friends and kindred and has to live in poverty now where he still wears the uniform of his earlier days when he was an active Huntsman. As feudal master, the men and animals are all dead and he is the sole survivor. Simon himself is frail and weak now, his body distorted and afflicted with ailments. Impoverished and childless, the poet says, his wife is his sole companion with whom he resides in a hut. By the countryside, although he owns a piece of land, yet the irony is that he cannot till it because his afflictions do not allow him to do so. Although they involve themselves very hard, there is very little they can produce. The older Simon grows, the more his arthritis troubles him. So by now we must have understood that even though Simon Lee was very proud of being a Huntsman, yet there is a change in his fortune which compels him to live a life of poverty with his sole companion that is his wife. Interestingly, the poet reveals that one fine summer day, the poet happened to see old Simon Lee to sieve an old tree stumped with a pickaxe, but it was all in vain. His pains-taking efforts were not yielding any results, whereupon the poet offers to help him in his task and with a single fell-shocked splits apart the tangled root. So this reveals that Simon Lee was fragile and weak and his physical condition did not support him to do any kind of hard labour. However, Simon Lee was very much moved by this act of kindness shown towards him by the poet narrator and he bursted into tears, tears of gratitude and profoundly thanked the poet. This act of whipping reveals the innate honesty of the old man and in doing so the poet gives the readers the lesson that men in general have become very pitiless. The poem seems to justify the notion of gratitude against that of cold frustration, that is the belief that one's actions should be based on scientific thinking rather than emotions or religious beliefs. The poem emphasises the contrast between the emotion of gratitude and the idea of rationalism. The tragedy and the informity of old age are the essential theme of the poem. As we have seen, Simon in his old age has been discarded although he had devoted himself wholeheartedly to his duties during his heydays. His loyalty to his master was never repaid and he now lives a pitiful life. The poet draws our attention from the incidents themselves to the feelings which give importance to the action. Here however he includes not only of Simon Lee but also those of himself. The poem is very very thought provoking in the sense that it makes the readers or it makes us think as well as feel how even the humblest incidents of everyday life express the human condition. You are advised to go through the poem and read it carefully so as to grasp the meaning of the poem in a better way. I hope this video on the explanation of the poem shall help you in understanding and attempting the poem in a better way. In the next video we shall reflect on the poetic style and language employed by William Wordsworth in this poem. With this we have come to the end of our discussion. Thank you.

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2021 Panini Prizm Football 1st Off the Line FOTL 2 Box Break #4

Live Group Breaks and Case Breaks! Check us out at http://www.laytonsportscards.com Our new Discord has launched! If you are a Youtube Member or Twitch Subscriber, connect your Youtube OR Twitch to your Discord account to gain access to all channels! If you DON'T, you will not be able to see all channels and chats. https://discord.gg/rwcWdxZQt5 Amazing Breaks at Great prices! One of the Biggest Breaking Operations in the World! BREAK SCHEDULE: https://laytonsportscards.com/pages/break-schedule PERSONAL BOX BREAKS: https://laytonsportscards.com/collections/personal-boxes RANDOM RESULTS (Found under "Quick Links" at bottom of our website! : https://laytonsportscards.com/blogs/results Follow Us: INSTAGRAM @LaytonSportsCards TWITTER @LaytonSports - https://twitter.com/LaytonSports FACEBOOK https://www.facebook.com/LaytonSportsCards YOUTUBE https://www.youtube.com/user/LaytonSportsCards TWITCH https://www.twitch.tv/laytonsportscards Multistreaming with https://restream.io/

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Everybody forced here being 2021 prism football first off the line to box number four random teams You'd find their results on your screen right now anytime at late sports cards. I come Good luck y'all links and chat to Steelers, Najee Harris pat fry with other rookies, but you have some chances of vet stuff too. I think I just don't know which ones Steelers are solid Najee Harris and pat fry with the other rookies. All right two photos. I like photos Two of them. Let's see a gold shimmer Trevor Lawrence. I someone was saying earlier not gonna recap this one either It'll be pretty quick break Darden serats orange rookie Ken and Wang Wu To 249 for the Vikings lockdown Jalen Smith Desmond's Patrick Caleb Farley a purple ice Josh Jacobs Numbered 113 of 225 a fireworks Matthew Stafford purple power 3449 Sam's uncle red shimmer auto of Barry Sanders That is awesome five of ten for the Lions Very nice hit for Parker with Detroit Five of ten Barry Sanders prism auto McMath Molden a red shimmer ties Bowser for the Ravens One of 35 and a red wave of Michael P. Ryan jets 102 of 149 Jalen waddle rookie Dolphin Shravan morrig a purple prism Roquan Smith Numbered 121 of 125 Terrace Marshall Jamar Jefferson and a blue shimmer now Rookie Odafe away solid one for the Ravens 12 of 25 Both shimmers of the Ravens and a silver Andy Dalton for the Bears Taub Yvonne will gold shimmer coming up. We are Eric Stokes Micah Parsons and a gold shimmer of Logan Thomas Washington eight of ten There we go. Nice color orange wave Jack young blood Rams One of 60 and a silver Marcus May for the Jets You saw last year was healthy. Yeah, new some Zeven Collins blue wave rookie Amir Smith Marseille Number 31 of 199 silver rookie Ben Scurraniq Rams Remondres Stevenson leave on loser Rike a purple ice Marcus made jets 152 of 225 Jack Wilson Trace sermon Jalen camp and a red shimmer Charles Haley Niners number 23 of 25 Hyperpatriots Nelson Aguilore 23 of 175 and a silver Teju Hushman Zata bangles Holland Deami Brown blue ice John Taylor to 99 Niners RPA coming up Maybe wait, I'm not even gonna show it anymore Collin Hill Jamar Chase base red shimmer Jake funk Rams rookie to 35 Rookie Jersey auto Elijah more jet 70 of 99 last pack of the first box Blue shimmer come on. Come on monster hit. Come on monster hit Monty rice Ron Delmore and a blue shimmer Kirk Cousins for the Vikings Kirk numbered 17 to 25 and a Jordan Lewis to 49 Cowboys One more Only like four breaks This is our Six Savin college Trace sermon Jalen camp three. He's weird purple Ezekiel Elliott number 33 of 125 Jalen waddle rookie Trayvon morrig blue wave rookie Ron Delmore for the Cardinals 62 of 199 silver rookie Panthers JC Horn Terrace Marshall, Jr. Jamar Jefferson a green shimmer Jason Taylor five of five dolphins It's a pretty cool green shimmer and a green scope will Fuller dolphins is 75. I Know dense. We're only doing personals during the day tomorrow We got a 50 boxer tonight Stokes Parsons orange sake on Barkley Numbered 175 of 249 silver Drew Brees Saints Points card here six hundred random to everybody at the end Other green shimmer coming Newsome Stevenson always a rica and a green shimmer rookie Cadarius Tony. Oh nice. That's pretty nice three of five Giants Grats on that one Giants potential Super Bowl winner. You might win it tomorrow Yeah, probably not but never say never I'll say never McMath Fitzpatrick a red shimmer will Fuller for the dolphins at 35 Hyper Jags James Robinson to 175 silver CJ Moseley Jets All the brakes are sold out, but I can drop the schedule for you, but all the brakes tonight are sold out Hey, wait quick Javon Holland DME Brown purple ice rookie as Iso Gelari number 220 of 225 They filled up super fast We are a few minutes behind still I'm catching up Kylan Hill Jamar Chase base followed by an orange wave of Jeremy Shockey Giants number 41 of 60 Red shimmer rookie Otto Ian book Saints 23 of 35 base no rookies there, but there were some there were three rookies in some other packs is a weird collated box here Chris Evans Jalen Phillips purple ice CJ Moseley Jets Number 48 of 225 new recruits Devonte Smith. Oh manga a manga is coming up Locked in locked in Felton Harris there's a silver on the back of Jared Goff Manga time. Who's that? Who's got brown hair at my home's Kyler Murray? Okay? There we go. Cardinals of the manga super short print Congrats Cardinals There you go Manga Kyler Good stuff. Obviously an SSP This is the first one we first Kyler we pulled yeah orange Keenan Allen chargers Number 199 of 249 and a silver Leonard Williams for the Giants one sec We will do the random again guys no recap on this one Gotta make up some time short break though if you need to go back and watch it only took 10 minutes to rip 600 points random to all Eight times three and five whichever team is up top is gonna gets the points one two three four five six seven and eight Falcons Falcons get the points. All right. Thanks again everybody another one of those two boxes coming up

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Rugby Player Reacts to CHASE YOUNG at The 2020 NFL Combine & Why He Didn't Compete!

Sup everyone and welcome back to another "Rugby Player Reacts" reaction video! In this video I take a look at Chase Young of The Ohio State Buckeyes and his interview with Good Morning Football conducted at The 2020 NFL Combine Weekend! I was fascinated to watch this video because I wanted to know the reasons behind Chase Young choosing not to compete at the Combine, in his own words. Chase Young looks to be the most physically impressive defensive football player to grace the field since Aaron Donald and I personally cannot wait to see how he performs at the next level! I come to you as a rugby player with 20 years of experience, trying to do my best to merge both rugby and American football here on this channel as the world starts to take notice too. I've loved the journey so far and plan on continuing long into the future! Thanks for watching and much love! FOLLOW: https://linktr.ee/jacobmcdonald SUPPORT: https://www.patreon.com/jacobmcdonald27 CHANNEL SPONSORS: LetsGetChecked: https://trylgc.com/jacobmcdonald (Use code "JAKE30" for 30% off any order) Manscaped: https://manscaped.com (Use code "JACBD20" for 20% off any order + free shipping) The Ridge: https://theridge.com/JACOB (Use code "JACOB" for 10% off any order) Major Key Physiques: https://majorkeyphysiques.com/ (Use code "JACOB20" for 20% off any order) Redcon1 USA, Canada or Europe: https://redcon1.com/?aff=24327 (Use code "T20JMC" for 20% off any order) CHANNEL PARTNERS: Headspace: https://headspace.pxf.io/x9Z0n3 Bulletproof Coffee: https://bulletproof.fdf2.net/yRknrB Books2Door: https://books2door.sjv.io/MXb0QY Anabolic Warfare: https://anabolicwarfare.pxf.io/7mMWbV NordVPN: https://bit.ly/3zaNkuS Domain.com: https://bit.ly/396dVi2 STDCheck: https://bit.ly/394iV6L Wine Library: https://bit.ly/3kaiazo CBD For Life: https://imp.i295461.net/0JPkYY Hollyweed CBD: https://hollyweed-cbd.sjv.io/NKbnNP Fanatics.com: https://bit.ly/3A5M1i1 NFL Shop: https://nflshop.k77v.net/9WEbeY NHL Shop: https://nhlshop.775j.net/rnXAgd AMAZON PRODUCTS I USE: Garmin GPS Trail Running Watch: https://amzn.to/3okXxmH Canon G7Xiii VLOG Camera: https://amzn.to/3t0EhuX Canon 80d DSLR Camera: https://amzn.to/3zlyDpr Samsung PC Widescreen Monitor: https://amzn.to/38jrWIG MSI Gaming Laptop: https://amzn.to/3km7Nas Cyberlink Editing Software: https://amzn.to/3zll61l Elgato 4K Gaming Capture Card: https://amzn.to/3BjCCn0 Elgato 4K Cam Link: https://amzn.to/3uuGxew Elgato Green Screen: https://amzn.to/3CSU3Me Rode USB Computer Mic: https://amzn.to/3AYCNET Rode Camera Mic: https://amzn.to/3mizu5d Joby VLOG Camera Tripod: https://amzn.to/39UlCYY Neewer DSLR Camera Tripod: https://amzn.to/3kTsCf

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He's tweeting about you all the time, so what's that relationship? Yeah, he's real cool. He's a big brother of mine now, and you know, I can reach out to him anytime. You know, I have a question about, you know, the future, or just anything for him, huh? Yeah. Fuck! He's just graduated college. He's just been given this address book, basically, full of, you know, the most famous and most influential people in the world. And he's got access to them. Complete access. This is the world of American sport. This is the world of college football. It is next level, bro. Alright, there's one thing we need to do before we begin. Chase Young, my friend. Welcome to your reaction video. It was always going to happen. Today's video I'm extremely excited about. As you saw in the previous video, we looked at Chase Young. I told his story. He is huge, clearly. He's agile as well. He's fast, but I don't know exactly how fast. He set basically every single record for defensive ends at Ohio State. He basically won every single award for a defensive player and for defensive ends at Ohio State. He did not train at the Combine because he didn't want to become a Combine player. And he obviously believed that he proved himself enough during his three seasons at Ohio State, which clearly was the right decision because he still went pick number two. And if he had have gone to the Combine, you know, anything could have happened. But it would have been good. It would have been really fun to see him perform with a 40-yard dash, vertical and broad jump. But we're going to do our very best to find out all we need to find out today. So what I've done is I've written in Chase Young's name into YouTube, as I normally do, and we're going to scroll for the first time and see what's there. I assume I'm going to watch this top one, which is Nine Minutes by SickEditHD. It's got 1.1 million views and it's five months old. We've got just bomb productions, 91,000 views. That's one month old, about 10 minutes. We've got Chase Young goes number two overall to Washington Redskins, where we've seen that. Chase Young explains why he's not participating in Combine workouts. You know what? Before we see his highlights, I actually want to know, why did Chase Young not workout? I want to hear it from the horse's mouth. I swear to God, I'm with it. I don't see nobody in my lane. It's quite go get it like me. Please don't be wasting my time with that business. Who you kidding, man? With Chase Young, who is the number one prospect on Daniel Jeremiah's board. He was the number one prospect I had in our top 10 Combine prospects. And he's our number one guest in the 9AM hour. Chase Young, welcome to Good Morning Football. Appreciate it. I appreciate it. It's great having you here. What's this week been like for you? I know it's been a whirlwind, but your impressions... Okay, first impressions. Either Chase Young's seat is a foot shorter than the host here. Or the host is seven foot eight. The guy who everyone has eyes on. It's been definitely crazy, you know. They got us doing a lot of stuff, you know. All these meetings for more and for more. But it's cool, you know. It's something I was doing when I was young. And I'm just happy to be here, you know, and get a chance to see, you know, what goes on behind the scenes, you know, leading up to the drill. Yeah, and we've already come out and said you're not going to compete in the drills. What went into that decision? Saying I'm just going to sit pretty. I'm good. I'll meet with all the teams. I'll do the medical evaluations, but there will be no 40 yard dash from Chase Young. I think me and my team, you know, we decided to do that just because that day one, when I stepped on the field, I want to be football ready. You know, I'm not trying to compete to be, you know, a combine player. I want to compete to be a football player, you know. Just know when I step on that field, you know, day one, I'll be ready. I love it. A complete prospect across the board. You had 16 and a half stacks in the big 10 last year. You had four against Wisconsin. He's confident, man. To go into the NFL. And he should be. What's the thing that you need to do to make your game even better and ready for the NFL? I'll just say stay focused. Hard work, dedication, something I go by. And, you know, just keep my head down to keep pushing like I did in college, man. I feel like that's the main thing I have to do. I talked to a lot of these GMs and these scouts, they say this kid is the perfect defensive prospect and people have been talking to you about these glowing terms. How do you level expectations? How do you stay humble? Oh, here we go. First look at him. No, you don't want that guy coming down. Number one in the mantra, as that guy in your shoes, how do you handle it? I think I have a good team around me. My coach in college, Coach Lady Johnson, he helped me out a lot, but my cast is not all the noise. And I think I give a lot of credit to myself. So you play number two. I actually didn't even, I didn't even realize that defensive players could play number two. Outside noise. You know, they hate all the break. So I think, you know, that was just me growing up on my life. You know, just not paying attention outside noise. And, you know, it definitely helped me a lot during my career. It's got to be some pretty cool things though, because I got a friend who lives out in LA and he texted me and goes, I think Chase Young's at the Laker game. And yes, Chase Young was at the Laker game. Who did you meet at the Laker game last night? I met a, there's a Washington. It was, it was crazy. Barry Davis, Gary Payton, Mark Wahlberg was there. It was definitely cool to see him. Wow. I was, I was definitely blessed. I had a whole conversation with this at Washington. And he didn't say Washington until Chase Young. I love this. He told me, he told me, use football as a platform. We said football is not my purpose. Use it as a platform. And, you know, as I use it as a platform, I'll find my purpose. And he told me when I find my purpose, you know, just, just, just keep going. Damn, that's some good advice. That is advice that a lot of college football players would hopefully get, but, you know, a lot of them probably wouldn't get until they're out of football and they're struggling with their purpose in life. But Chase Young, before he's even begun his NFL career, has been told by one of the most famous fucking actors in the world to never put football on a pedestal. Always know who you are deep down and know that football is not everything and to use it as a platform. He's going to have millions of followers on social media. He is going to have a massive, massive platform to share anything on. It seems as if he's going to be a great, great role model. And that's one of the main things that makes up a successful football player. So inspiring. Yeah. And I know LeBron James plays a big role in all of you Ohio guys. LeBron, have you met LeBron? Yeah, definitely, definitely. What? He's tweeting about you all the time. So what's that relationship? Yeah, he's real cool. He's a big brother of mine now. And, you know, I can, I can reach out to him anytime. You know, I have a question about, you know, the future or just anything for real, man. Yeah. Fuck! He's just graduated college. He's just been given this address book, basically, full of, you know, the most famous and most influential people in the world. And he's got access to them. Complete access. This is the world of American sport. This is the world of college football. It is next level, bro. I look at these Ohio State guys in the last couple of years. We know Marshawn Lattermore and Vaughn Bell and Eli Apple. But the first defensive player taken in the last three drafts, whether it was Joey Bosa, Denzel Ward, or Nick Bosa, have been Ohio State defensive players. What is it about being a buckeye that churns out all these defensive players and at a high level, and not only a player, the number one player taken in defensively? I think it goes to first coach Mick and our strength staff, man. They're great. Coach Mick, he personally pushes me. We had personal conversations about, you know, during my career about, you know, how I wanted to be and how, you know, just big I wanted to get just real detailed conversations. And he pushed me. I think second goes our coaching staff, man. I feel like we had the best coaching staff in the country. My coach, Coach Larry Johnson, I feel like he's the best defensive line coach, you know, that's on the planet right now. And I think, yeah, just our coaching staff falling around, man. It's real great of it. And I feel like just coming up here, they're going to be real good as well. This is going to be a great couple of months for you. It's going to be a whirlwind. If they play. What do you want the prospective NFL teams and fans watching at home right now? We have fans of all 32 watching. What do you want them to know about Chase Young, if they're watching Good Morning Football this morning, and if they're looking to take you in the top two of the top three? Good Morning Football? Sounds like a great program. Number one overall. Just know that you're not my player. Hang on, man. Just before you, just before you answer there. Who hosts Good Morning Football? Hosted by Kay Adams, Nate. Hang on. Who's this? Nate or Peter? No, it's not Nate. Peter Schrager? There he is. How fucking tall is this guy? Peter Schrager is a sportscaster on Fox News. Born April 20th, 1982. In addition to his game day coverage, he's regularly contributed to FS1 studio shows. Did Peter Schrager play in the NFL? No. Let's keep going. I just want to come and work my butt off. I'm going to be as far as I come in there. I'll be confident, not cocky. I'm a player who just wants to learn. Get under a veteran. Confident, not cocky. I'm a player who wants to be the best. I've clearly got coffee on the line. Coffee on the line. He said he's going to be confident, not cocky. And I like that. Means he's coachable. I'm going to be as far as I come in there. I'll be confident, not cocky. I'm a player who just wants to learn. Get under a veteran. And just learn the whole system. And a player who wants to be the best. Nicknamed what? The Predator. The Predator. This guy's the coolest guy I've met here at the combine. Chase Young, thank you so much for coming on the show. Good luck the next few weeks. And of course, as we head towards the NFL Draft, we'll be hearing your name a lot. Thank you, thank you. Bro, that host has to be tall as fuck. What we're going to do now, guys, is click this top video. I've decided it's got 1.1 million views. There's no other way. Chase Young, number two for Ohio State, the legendary. Already legendary at Ohio State. Defensive player of the year. Chase Young.

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Truck Drivers Protest Hit and Run Law END: हिट एंड रन हड़ताल पर सरकार का बड़ा फैसला | News18 Punjab

Truck Drivers Protest Hit and Run Law END: हिट एंड रन हड़ताल पर सरकार का बड़ा फैसला । #truckdriverproblems #hitandrunlaw #cmmohanyadav #News18Punjab #TruckDriversProtest #HitandRunLaw Find Latest News, Top Headline And breaking news Watch your favorite newspapers News18 Punjab Himachal Haryana websites. For All Live Coverage, Exclusive And Latest News Update, Watch The LIVE TV Of News18 Punjab/Haryana/Himachal, Catch The Latest News LIVE News 18 Punjab/Haryana/Himachal is an exclusive news channel on YouTube which streams news related to Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Nation and the World. Along with the news, the channel also has debates on contemporary topics and shows on special series which are interesting and informative. News18 ਪੰਜਾਬ/हरियाणा/हिमाचल एक क्षेत्रीय न्यूज़ चैनल है जिसपर ਪੰਜਾਬ, हरियाणा, हिमाचल, देश एवं विदेश की खबरें प्रकाशित की जाती हैं | समाचारों क साथ-साथ इस चैनल पर समकालीन विषयों पर वाद-विवाद एवं विशेष सीरीज भी प्रकाशित होती हैं जो की काफी रोचक एवं सूचनापूर्ण हैं |n18oc_National Subscribe to our channel: http://bit.ly/1IMIp73 For Latest news and updates, log on to: https://bit.ly/2Cx91Ok Follow Us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/News18Haryana https://twitter.com/News18Himachal https://twitter.com/News18Punjab Like Us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/News18Haryana/ https://www.facebook.com/News18Himachal/ https://www.facebook.com/News18Punjab

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अस्रवात करहे हैं दिलिः सारहें गबारी खवर किसात जहान चुर्टछरसके हरताल को लेकर बैट्रक हुई है अल एंदिया मोटर चुश्पोट कोंगरसके पत्रडिद्यो की बैट्ख, आरी ब्सकतान चीट किनट्राले में पर पानादी नहीं रहा है आल-अड़ अस बढ़्ह्मादर्फुईमान् नहीं और अपत्हले में जित किे रहा है प्र�唉क्ष्�ス सुट्रो औचक्ढत मपर बडथे तेहाहनेगी उने हगाatar. और ताल बलाही ही नहीं तो आपकेगार, और ताल किस्टिक आबाहन पर हुइ ये बड़ा सभाब है और ताल कब तक हद्पूँ होगी सभाल बना हुआ है और ताल को लेकर जो कवाएडे की जारही नहीं एं उनसे उनका उसर कब तक देख्चनी को मिलेगा साच्टराईघा, सिलाल ये बेट्ख ग्री सच्ट्टिएक साच जारी है. तू, हर्टाल को लेकर हैकोत का सक्त रवाया देखने को बिला, कोतने हर्टाल कथ्मु कराणे किले सरकाल को निर्धेष्टी है. तरूग और बस्ट़्ाइ� reach flavors केह़ार्षीका लगा एक ठाप याप याषीका लगाए गब सुन्वाई खर मैं कोत ने खर ताल को असर्द्धानी कै नें पताया साथी सर्काल को लगाए कराने खब क्राने को नेरदेष लिए हैं. जबल पुर है कोट ने ये सक्त रवाया दिखाते हुए हर्टाल को तुरं ती कथ्मू कराने के ले सरकार को निर्देष्त दिये है त्रुक और बस द्रीवल्स की हर्टाल के कि लाप यार्चिका यहां लगाए गे ती कोट ने हर्टाल को संथानिक बता है तो इसी सासन न्याले में इस सासन लिए कोट बचन दिया गया यह आजी इस समझन सरकार कथोर कदा मठाए की तो यह सुझचित करे किसी मिस्ती इस्ती आच्टक बस्ट्बों को का प्रहावित ना हो, पैट्टोडिया आई आई पदार थी हो है तो एक तरफ कोट भी हरताल को लेकर सकत है, तो वही च्यम ने भी हरताल पा दिकारो के साथ बट्टक, की बट्टक मिस्समझनो की कलेक्टर अर्ट्टर अच्पी शामिल होए ज़ोगी समान की कमी ना हो, इस लिहास इस च्यम ना दिकारो को निरदेष ती है अदबाड्ट, की बट्टक मिस्समझनो की कलेक्टर अर्ट्टर सपी शामिल होए ज़ोगी समान की कमी ना हो, इस लिहास इस च्यम ना दिकारो को निरदेष ती है, ख्यम ने प्रदशन कारो की उदबाड़ पर सकत करवाई करने के भी आतेष ती है तम रख को über तो यह साद्ठ, काहनी औ�� दिली बॉमन के पहलत्म सावरूएक जो थः बॉम को िा Mario Krotoam नगाद respects रमागा� affection . काई जा लिगा Donc all of you काई और उस्� Cult workflows अज़़्शार दात्रा आप आनकोई थो परत्गांई जाए�ज़्ाश्ः रीवती शफ्व्गन। जैसे एक आप अपफाग आव तो अस्प्वे वलोक समिऑप पाड़ा है जब कभर बहुलग है, अगर कोई हीतन रँन कंपाण्ला करते है, तो विक उगर साल का जो सजजा लहु जो सजजा हो सकता है, लेकि या साल की जो सजजा है, यह आजसा खुई प्रुधार नहीं होता है. सजजँ सजजा ये अप यह यह आच्झ आप ना मांलो कनजाम नहीं देता है, ब्रामक्स दी ये है कि सब को लग रहा है ट्रक द्राइवर्स को खास्तोरपर कि अगर हिट्रन रन में वो पक्डे गय तो ने पक्डे जाते ही उनक पर सीथा सास्थाल कि सदा उनको हो जाएगी शंकर एक अद बात यहाँ पर समन्द चाहूँँँँँँँँँँँँँँ उसको लेकर क्या इंझबोट है? बात वही में के रहाता है कि बहुँ सारे असुसियसन आसे हैं उन असुस्कियसन के बीष में कुछ आसे लोग है जो जान बुचकर इस मामले को बला वनाने की कोशिस करते हैं गलत तरीके से तत्तियों को पेईचना में रगा जाता है जिसके चलते ये मस्ला इतना बला से दिख रहा है तो उन तमाम मस्लो को दूर करने के लिए जो अफवाय हैं या गलत फैमिया हैं उनको दूर करने का प्यास क्या जार है था एक आम बोल चाल की बहसम मैं सश्झाना चाथा हो की एक कानून क्या है और इस वस आजा क्या है समान न तोर बे दिखा जाता है कि सदको पर अगर कोगे जीटन रन का मामला होता है तो ख़भार होता है कि दर की मारे डाईवर फरार हो जाते है बहुपाल में सक्त निर्देश दे दिया है कि आम जरनता को दिखकत ताहों और साती जो उतपात कर रहा है अर्ताल की दाम पर उनपर भी सक्त कार रही हो बिलकोल अपना दर सल दो मोचो पर फोखस है और फोखस पहला यह कि जो बहुपाल में आज दिन्बल की आस्धी रही है वहाँ पर हाई कोट न में सक्ति पडी की है इस्तिती तीन दिं से एसी तरगी बनी हुई है पेट्रोल पंप पेर भीड लगी हुई है सब्जिया महंगी हो गई है और जो देनेक रोसगार है अज जो देनेक रोसगार है देनेक दिनचरया की चीजे है वो भी कही न कही प्रभवित होती दिकरे है जिनकी की मितें कही न कही देरे देरे बड़ती जाडी है आज जो है शामग को हाई कोट कगे जैसे ही आदेष आए गे हरताल खटन करवाने के लिये आज ही हरताल खटन कराने के पूरी बाच्चीत की जाएगी जो भी नडा होगा जन्ता के हित को दिहान में रकते होगे पैसला लिया जाएगा उसके बाज जिला प्रशासन की तीम शेहप्रा इस्तित दिपो पहुची पैट्रोलियम दिपो जहाँपर पैट्रोलियम दिपो जहाँपर हरताल करने वाले तेंकर चाल को और ट्रान्स्पोटर्स के साथ में बाच्चीत की और ट्रान्स्पोटर्स पीचे हतने के लिया तेयार नहीं है लेकिन ये जरुर बाज सामने आए के पैट्रोल दिजल की आपूरती कोई भी इस्पष्ट जान्कारी सामने नहीं आए जी, बहुआ शुक्री आप आबन आपका प्रशाज शंकर आप तीरों काई शुक्रेस पूरी जान्कारी के लिए और जिस तरं से हरताल का असर देख्षी को मिल रहा है, हरताल को ख़त मुगराने कर दम मैं रत्लाम की बड़ी कबर आपको बतातेते है जहाँ, पेत्रोल भराने को लेकर लिट्ट तैक कर दीगाए, 2 विलर अगर आपकी पास है तो आप पास सुर्पे तक काई पेत्रोल बरवासकते हैं और अगर आपकी पास 4 विलर है, अगर आपकी पास 4 विलर है, तो पंदर सुर्पे के लिट्ट 4 विलर जाल को की ले है कलक्र नहीं आदेश चारी कर दिए गय है जो, पेत्रोल पमस पा लंभी लंभी कतारे देखने को मिल रहे है, कि लोगो में होड लगी हुए आदेश जालिए के, कलक्र की वोड़ से अगर आपकी पास 2 विलर है, तो आप पीशयं सुर्पे का ही, पेत्रोल बरवास सकते है उतनी ही लिमइत आपके लिट्ट रहीं गय है अगर आपकी परस 4 विलर है, तो आपकी लिमट रहीं यह पंदर सुर्पे �整री या भउर की आभPs новых and ग़िना भञीजी तक मैग़े से दी तुव सो असी labour या तो पिक सो गाब के लिए करिक था दो। किMta ni त्रई प्रिफ हैट्र है भामता किरे वो था रस्री प्रछो ज़ Nai Sir ख़ दिब थिन्दवें, लिए शवा लिमिद के रहाता, ज़े और बाद कर तें मुक्वन च्यवों न वो डोगा मिलगी और में

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2017-04-18 工研院演講

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各位主管 各位同仁 還有各位貴賓 大家好那歡迎大家來參加今天有產業學院舉辦的藍海系列演講那我們今天的演講非常特別能夠邀請到行政院的數位政務委員唐鳳前來演講那在精采的演講開始之前我們首先邀請本院的張培仁副院長來為我們引言有請張副院長唐政委 委員委委唐政委 各位貴賓 各位同仁那個今天很榮幸我們邀請到唐政委他是說我叫他全名叫唐鳳就可以了謝謝他非常親切那事實上唐鳳他一個小時前一個多小時前就來了不掉兩點就來而且他的包包就丟在這裡然後就去參觀我們這個院的展示室他回來發現袋子還在所以表示我們公約人都一向很誠實入不實以還是說呢事實上已經發現裡面也沒有什麼值錢的東西好 然後言歸正傳我們還是要介紹我們今天Speak真的非常榮幸而且我們跟他相處了一個多小時後發現實際上是非常親切非常親切說我們可以直呼其名我們下次我們董事長來的時候我們也試試看直呼其名會怎樣不過這件事情我們就交給那個羅達賢先生去處理我們還是要言歸正傳要簡介一下唐鳳他就是同等給我的資料我就簡要跟各位說明一下因為今天講的這個內容其實我自己也不太懂不過各位沒有關係因為我會承認我會承認我不太懂唐鳳十四歲級就自學專研自由軟體參與很多開放研事碼的社群十六歲就創業因為大部分十六歲其實都讀高中或是在準備重考高中的時候他已經成立這個澳澳網公司2010年獲聘為蘋果公司的雲端服務在地化的顧問唐鳳他33歲就退休了我29歲才就業他33歲就退休了讓我實在是非常羨慕投入網路的公司業參加臨時政府G0VTW的平台建構2014年擔任行政院顧問跟前政務委員參與領合作推動虛擬世界法規調適交易平台唐鳳他是台灣史上中華民國史上最年輕的行政院政務委員因為我們最年輕的政務委員已經被他拿走了所以我們要試試看去想辦法比最老的政務委員看如果我們董事長有一天覺得我天嘛那我們就去報名這樣統整給我資料裡面的提到說這個唐鳳他是智商180他是致命的hacker至於說這個智商180其實我有一點類似的經驗你看各位笑的這樣其實都不太相信我我念高中二的時候其實也有去測過智利測驗測了第一次之後老師通知我去測第二次然後我們高中很少我們這個高中很少這麼久沒有出現這種分數的學生了叫我測了第二次測了第二次之後這個老師老師我智利測驗成績怎麼樣他說180就跟唐鳳是一樣他說兩次加起來所以呢這個我們高中就發現很久沒有出現這種智商的學生了不過言歸正傳我們還是請本尊來跟我們進行今天的演講我們熱烈鼓掌歡迎我們唐鳳在這邊大家好那剛才就是畫面上這邊有slido.com那如果有手機的話都可以進入這個網址然後進去之後就按04180418就是今天的日期然後就可以進入一個提問的平台那這個提問平台之前在全科會全科學技術會有使用過那當時呢其實我不確定當時是可以匿名還是一定要具名因為這個平台可以設定那後來我就發現說如果都要具名的話就會收到一些就是很沒有意思的這個問題但還可以匿名的話各種這個尖酸刻薄這個非常有挑戰性的問題就會出現所以今天是匿名的好所以我們現在就已經開始看到有朋友來了那所以任何時候就是左邊那個0418那4月18號剛好我生日嘛那所以今天是我36歲對因為我在院裡面就主要負責開放政府社會企業那但是後來院長又再加了一個青年諮詢委員會的那個工作給我那我當時就說我可能只能做半年因為我在半年就不是青年了因為青年直到35歲為止那但anyway那反正就很感謝大家的祝福那我們就開始那今天我是沒有簡報的那所以其實就是完全是靠大家的問題來當做我今天的議程就是我要講什麼就是大家決定那所以不管跟我們這個講題什麼黑客精神往事整和開放政府有關的無關的隨便都可以就往上面丟那如果你有看到比較想聽的呢你就按讚它就會浮到最上面來那我就是按照從最上面到最底下的這個順序然後跟大家分享一下然後我們今天有有多少時間有一個小時兩個小時好 兩個小時那現在12個問題通常我們兩個小時大概可以處理到可能接近100個沒有問題所以就是看大家想到什麼就真的想到什麼就丟上去然後我們就就一個一個來討論這樣子好 那如果都OK的話我們就就這樣子那這個就 archive 起來那OK那祝我生日快樂的我可能就先先都一起 archive 起來因為非常非常多人祝我生日快樂OK 好謝謝大家好有一位朋友問說金融科技它是金融或者是科技那以數位政委的角度來看我們在金融科技發展的初期是否應該要採取鼓勵新興金融產業發展的立場還是採取維護國內傳統金融與服務產業的立場也就是說應該由經濟部來主導還是由財政部或金融部來主導那是非常非常好的問題Fintech我自己的對它的這個認知是說它其實是一種gray market就是說我們現在有很明確的就是金管會它特許可以做的保險證券銀行有的沒有的那些事業那在另外一方面我們也有完全不受金管會可是我根本看不到的好比像說比特幣這樣子的一些交易那這個是我要說是黑市也可以因為你抽不到稅而且你根本不知道發生什麼事情但是大部分我做Fintech的朋友他在做的東西是這兩者中間的就是說他並沒有真的像那個我們的就是Bitcoin一樣覺得說他完全就是在地下化經營那但是他也沒有要像這個特許行業一樣去籌到很大的資本額然後去申請那個特許的憑證他是在這兩者中間的那所以當時我們在審一個叫做金融創新實驗條例也就是俗稱的金融沙盒條例的時候當時我跟就是立法院的一些朋友們的一些說法好比像說我們的黨團他們當時一開始是對這個的想法他是覺得之前沒有聽說過這樣子因為我們的法系是大陸法系大陸法系的意思就是說政府會很明確的說可以做哪些事情那他只要是屬於特許的就是管制政府的角色就是管制者那所以說呢我沒有講你們可以做的基本上在那些特許行業裡面都不能做那這個是大陸法系的一個特點它不能透過這個實驗性質的判理實驗性質的這種解釋來處理如果你要讓特許行業打開你一定要立法所以這個在大陸法系國家我們會是第一個立就是金融創新實驗條例離沙盒的法例的是因為這件事情其實除非有很大的政治意志不然的話你很難說服那個主管機關說我現在不管了我從這個監管的角色改成輔導的角色這個其實是非常非常困難的一件事情所以說當時我跟黨團的朋友們講的時候就是說這是一個灰色地帶灰色地帶你可以選擇去讓它浮到檯面上讓大家看一下這個東西到底值不值得去發展如果值得的話其實我們法令是可以改的改了之後灰色就漂白了漂白之後大家都知道說這件事情是一件好事就可以做那如果你不給它一個漂白的機會所有的灰色的東西都會轉黑那轉黑之後你什麼都看不到而且也不要說像我們之前討論過的網路賣酒的那個案子就是說因為有很多人會覺得說這個網路上面買到酒會不會讓酗酒的人更增加之類之類那當然我們經過討論之後就發現說如果你真的是酗酒的話你就是去Seven Heaven買你不會去網路買酒網路買酒六小時才會倒所以在這樣的情況下其實你很難證明說這兩個中間有任何的關聯但是就是說可是如果覺得說好那我們還是管制就是不把它開放起來的話就會變成兩件事情嗎一個就是說你還是可以透過Amazon之類跟外商買酒這個反而是合法的跟本土是不能買的然後第二個你沒有辦法取得就是網路買酒的人的user的那個profile就是說你沒有辦法去分析他的行為那沒有辦法分析他的行為的意思也就是說你未來真的想要管制或者輔導或家住警語或怎麼樣的時候你根本不知道那些人長什麼樣子那所以這樣子的話當他永遠是黑事的時候其實政府不要說管了政府連理解都不太可能所以對我來講金融科技從政府的角度來看它就是一個gray area一個gray zone那這個gray zone它裡面有金融的成分裡面有科技的成分但是更重要的是裡面有犯法的成分那這個就是犯法的成分我們是系統性的鼓勵人用非暴力的方法來說我現在打算要犯這三個法那如果你覺得這是值得實驗的話就給我六個月的時間這六個月的時間裡面我犯這三個法是不來罰我的那在這件事情裡面我們就試試看中間當然有一些尚未的東西像各自保護像使用者權益保護這些是要照顧的那但是任何時候沒有照顧到它當然可以命其停止可是六個月或可能再加六個月十二個月之後如果大家都覺得這真的是一個好主意的話那回過頭來發這個特許證的那一個金管會就有責任去修訂他們的法規很多時候其實是不需要改法例的它可以用一個解釋或者最多一個法規命令的修改不用送到立法院被查就好了這件事情就突然變成可以經營的變成合法的那未來呢我們才有可能去好比想像剛剛不是提比特幣當例子嗎在很多國家裡面他們已經有在研發說我用區塊鏈可能一下子不是做交易也許是基障啊一些別的但是呢如果他哪一天要做交易了我希望就是中間抽稅或者是中間有一個就是比較accountability trail這種東西我可以設計到這個區塊鏈裡面就是課程式化交易那如果你一開始不讓這個灰色的東西慢慢往白色的方向走它根本不會跟你合作它就跑去跟英國啊新加坡啊隨便哪裡合作的然後在那樣的情況下其實我們的監管單位慢慢就會喪失任何監管的能力就是它沒有辦法發明它的那個regulation technology它的regtech所以說我們整個目的就是說邀請人有系統性來犯法然後犯法六個月到十個月不法如果中間是一個好主義的話那法就要修正如果法修正要等一段時間的話我們希望可以延長這個實驗的壽命但如果這個實驗真的失敗了那當然對不起這個法真的沒有要修等於讓整個社會來評價這件事情那中間如果發生糾紛發生仲裁這些都是非常好的機會來讓就是我們做仲裁的這些朋友們真的比較懂這些新科技那這個也是我很喜歡的就是Leonard Cohen的一句話他說這個萬事萬物的缺口缺口就是光的入口There's a crack in everythingThat's how the light gets in就是說如果你不先打開一個缺口的話根本沒有那個機會去認識這些新的科技那所以回答這個問題的第二部分就是說現在的問題是說因為它的特許是金管會發出來的所以說如果現在是經濟部或財政部來決定金管會要不要修他們的法規這個在我們的法系其實是不合的那所以說它按照這個法的主管機關它必須要由金管會來當作主管機關但是這個金管會必須要學習到說它不再是金管的那個管不再是管控者它慢慢要變成輔導者的角色那如果它的體質沒有辦法這樣子改變的話那當然就是做什麼都是白饒但是我們現在在做創新時間調理的時候已經引進就是外部專家的審議會或者是發生糾紛的時候仲裁也是請外部來仲裁然後這兩群人也要隨時copy到實際來投proposal的人那然後呢他要求鬆綁那三個法規也不限於或幾個法規也不限於金管會的法規他可以說我希望派出另外別的主管部會的法規那他只要copy別的部會的人進來他覺得可以那也對於這個實驗也可以加以派出那當然這裡當然不是說派出刑法派出勞基法這樣子就是他必須還是要有金融的實驗性質但他如果碰到什麼法規或命令的話我們可以透過這種方式來做那所以這個是大概今天可以講的程度但其他未來還是要回到立法院了就是說我們的院版可能這兩個禮拜左右吧就會出去了那就看到立法院的時候就是問人們怎麼想這樣子最後還是要尊重委員們這邊有一位朋友問說公園院該如何跟黑客精神結合這非常好的問題黑客精神它是其實是有canonical就是有正規的定義的那簡單的來講就是說幾個一個是說相信說資訊它越自由的流通越好所以舉例來講像今天我來演講的時候這個公園的同仁就給了我一張Waver就是一個release是說我如果簽名的話我可以勾說允不允許公園院這個錄影然後錄影之後這個在院內然後以非商業性的方式傳播然後我就把那個非劃掉了就是說無所謂就是說我這十幾年來我都是創作大部分的東西都是完全拋棄主作權所以也就是說我不管你是商業使用還是什麼其他的那就是對我來講就是說這個作品本身它我創作出來之後就已經脫離我了所以它傳播的越多越好或者是越自由越好大家如果要改作還要做什麼呢都可以那拋棄主作權一般是拋棄主作財產權我絕大部分做自由軟體的朋友都是拋棄這個可是它會保留就是顯明或者說人格權就是說跟我們做Paper一樣Citation你還是要說這是誰做的那我這個人是比較極端一點就是我是連顯明權也拋棄掉所以說今天如果這個演講主字考你去哪一邊演講說這是我講的我發明的絕對沒有問題那為什麼呢就是說第一個我覺得我花我的心思在告別人上面是我的時間的一種浪費那我任何時候只要想說我要去告別人我基本上就沒有在創作因為它其實是對既有的東西的一個回顧那我如果還想要創作的話其實我腦裡想的東西都不是我以前創作過的東西而是說我現在有什麼新的問題等等那這個也是另外一部分的黑客精神就是我們叫做Hands on Imperative就是說碰到一個問題的時候第一個想的是說我可以怎麼樣子去解決它而不是說我可以怎麼樣子去解決那個發行問題的人那所以這個是黑客精神跟我們的這個傳統的制度一個可能比較大的一個差異那還有另外一個就是說黑客精神是希望就是所有人跟人之間的傳播它是不經過終界的就是說我現在如果有什麼事情找你的話我就是寫一封Email給你Email其實本來就是一個非常有顛覆性的黑客精神的東西那我們知道Email它後面是Internet ProtocolInternet Protocol的意思是在當初發明的時候是說如果發生什麼核子攻擊啊或怎麼樣中間有任何程度的這個電訊受阻或中斷你只要能夠用任何載具包含非哥傳輸只要有任何一條路是通的那那個風暴一定還是會過得去那這是當時網際網路設計的一個原則那那個原則就是有一句話就是說得很好他說網際網路就是說任何程度的審查sensorship它都是damage都是對這個網路的破壞那網際網路的設計就是它會繞過審查就好像它繞過這個實體的破壞一樣對網際網路而言你破壞跟審查是它分不出來的它反而就是繞過去就是了這樣那所以這個東西後來也變成黑客精神的一個很重要的一部分雖然黑客精神是在Internet之前發生的但是有了Internet之後另外一個很重要的東西就是說人跟人之間的溝通是盡可能是平等的然後不是透過老闆的老闆的老闆然後再到下屬下屬的下屬而是盡可能copy到這個實際的利益關係人那這個東西也是我現在在院裡面推動就是行政數位化然後以及開放政府一個很重要的精神盡可能的卻讓第一線的承辦第一線的關係人完全知道我們到底在討論什麼而不是中間傳過三次的話之後就變成完全不同的樣子好 大概這樣我都沒有提到工業院以上都是講行政院OK這邊朋友問說政府目前透過什麼樣的方式來聆聽社群的聲音然後我是否認為PTT這個論壇是否真的是反指標那這邊先解釋一下反指標的意思反指標的意思是說PTT這個線上的布告欄它有幾個很大的刊板好比像說八卦板那在那個刊板上面常常會出現一個報卦或者是一個新聞然後底下的人都會推就是說覺得這個東西很好或者說虛就是覺得這個東西很不好那所謂反指標的意思就是說當你看到一個新聞好比像說電競選手現在可以服替代議了那八卦板如果大家一片叫好那這個政策可能是一個壞政策如果八卦板一片虛覺這是一個壞政策那這個政策這個前途無量所以這個就是這個所謂反指標的意思那這個其實是鄉民自己開玩笑的一個語言那意思就是說會掛PTT的這群人比起這個這個實際的實體的我們的國民呢是這個非常不典型的他們可能都是在曲線的不是最左邊就是最右邊那這個東西其實是沒有辦法做一個很好的sample那但是我是不這樣子覺得啦因為PTT他的那個生態也是非常有意思的就是說相信大家都知道五樓很專業這個講法嘛就是說任何東西一跑出來可能前四個回應的人真的都是他沒有看完他就PO了未看先虛未看先推然後或者是說這個就是看到一個關鍵字就開槍然後之類之類就是一些很無腦的這種這種留言但是因為想要搶第一嘛想要帶風響所以這個大概前四樓都是這樣子那但是呢等到第五個呢這個終於就會有看完文章的人這個開始回應那這個時候呢其實往往一針見血因為這個時候呢還願意花時間來這個留言的人其實就是通常是對這個 subject matter 這件事情相當有研究的人他才能夠在相對短的時間之內看完而且還可以不管前面四個講什麼然後發表他自己的見解這是需要一定的勇氣的所以這個時候呢我們就會看到就是專業的五樓就出現了比方說很多時候我在制定政策的時候在八卦版上面實際看到的到五樓的時候就會是這個東西的這個研究這個研究人員或者是利益相關者或之類我舉一個具體的例子我們在就是重營這個連署平台重營點GOV點台灣有五千多個人連署這個什麼呢ARTC的這個車側中心它就是負責側國產車但是只有它可以上市或不能上市可是我們上市之後沒有像其他國家有NCAP就是它會抽查然後知道這個東西多好或多不好所以呢大家其實也無從比較但是國外的車都有所以我們就不知道國產車比起國外的車到底是都好在哪裡或都不好在哪裡沒有什麼客觀的數據可以用目前有客觀數據就是在ARTC手上ARTC是不是應該要公佈它的這個測量呢ARTC說我們是前測我們本來就不是NCAP所以在國際上也沒有公佈的例子對但是連署的人的訴求就是說國際上沒有不表示你不能夠當第一個所以說你就可以公佈那當時這個在還沒有正式回應之前就是在這個非常會製造衝突的媒體朋友們的訪問之下就把交通部的第一波回應大家可能都有看到他的回應其實記者真的是會很簡化但是簡化他也不會完全完全就是講你們有講過的話所以交通部真的有講過這個話大意就是說我們如果把 roll data放出來的話如果不是學這方面的朋友可能會解讀錯誤然後可能會就是拿來打廣告或怎麼樣那我們覺得說這樣可能不太好但是如果大家看的那個編輯的下標題大概的意思就是說這個鄉民無知不應該分享資料之類那當我們真的在去拿到這個案子然後真的邀提案人來參加我們的協作會議的時候我們就是把車色中心交通部一些朋友們然後以及提案人後來有三個人來然後就是問說對這個數據放出來你們看不懂有什麼感覺可是這三位朋友呢一位是檢察官一位乾脆就是中研院研究這個題目的然後另外一個也是非常資深的車友那他們就是根本不是不懂那也就是說你會發現說雖然連署人五千個或在車板在其他很多板上面都會很多人推那確實也許有些人比較不專業但是這個社群本身它會形成一個我們叫做一個Leather of Learning一個學習的階梯它會有非常專業的可能三五個人在頂端然後有聽得懂他們說話而且可以翻譯成懶人包的朋友在他們旁邊然後有只看懶人包的朋友在外圈然後有這個連懶人包都不看就是這個可能我鄰居挺了我也要挺一下的朋友在最外圈那如果你假設這個所有的人都是都是最外圈的話就會出現一開始的那種回應你如果看Sampling也沒有錯因為九層都在外面但是這個九層在外面它是一個激動的一個核心就是說它任何時候只要願意多花一點時間它就可以再往那一圈走一點點那這個東西其實就是我們說公民社會它自己組織的一個方法那也就是網路現在讓大家可以做這樣子的組織所以如果公部門都是覺得說什麼東西那個就是只看到外面的結果但是如果願意去聆聽社群看PTT Mobile01之類之類它根據就是多次的對話之後你就會發現說那個核心的那幾個就會浮上來那就會發現說論述其實都是他們在寫這樣子那這個時候你就可以真正找到說他們是因為關注這件事情而且真的是願意貢獻他們的時間然後才進入這個公共政策的討論所以在這樣子的前提底下就是說你看起風向或帶風向那個可能都是一時的那個也許是指標也許是反指標但是如果在裡面找出真正的利益關係的倡議團體的話其實那個就是真正的指標那個並不是反指標好那我們現在已經到45個問題了朋友問說我是如何自學的可不可以分享一些經驗我其實從小都是自學只是上學花掉我一些時間而已但是後來我就是為什麼最後決定不上學原因就是因為我大概199495年的時候當時都是還自在用RKGopher這種FTP這個UCP可能這個要很老的人才知道我在講什麼但是在這種情況下他的知識其實是比較分散的你可能找到某個國外的社群或剝接的什麼社群你還是找得到一些研究人員可是他們中間沒有聯繫所以當我要學一個知識的時候他是沒有辦法形成一個我們叫知識體系你找到他的論文他有寫寫可是他寫寫的那個人你也不知道怎麼聯絡他你除了飛去可能歐洲或美國之外你也不知道他們在哪裡可是到94年1995年初的時候就是Tim Bransley就把他的瀏覽器就放出來了那當時NCSM這些東西就開始慢慢出現就是有全球資訊網那有了全球資訊網有了超鏈結之後突然之間這些就是我平常在follow的這些USNET上的研究人員他們都很願意把他們的preprint就是根本還沒有prepare review說不定是胡說八道的東西都先放到自己的網頁上因為當時大家很興奮每個人都在自己家站然後都是家在他們的大學典藝DU的一個什麼Tilt一個波浪號什麼他的那個名字底下所以我突然就發現說這些人就是我平常一個一個follow的他們自己就組織成了一個學術網絡那個幾乎就是看著他發生他就是在可能半年不到的時間裡面就發生了一件事情那當時我就發現說這樣子的話我如果要真的是有系統性把他的paper看懂他的每一個 citation的人我突然都找得到他然後寫一個email去他也真的都可以回覆我所以我覺得重點還是在自己有一個想要解決的問題像我小時候想要解決的問題當然很多啦但其中一個就是說網際網路上面的這種大家快速相互信任大家快速組織起來這件事情到底是怎麼發生的那就是後來就可能資訊社會學這樣子的一個題目那當時研究這個其實已經很多了非常多衝就是什麼cyborg manifesto開始其實非常非常多不同領域的人投入這個題目但當時他們就沒有這樣串連在一起你要一個一個去找他們的bbs什麼well bbs什麼bbs去串那但是有了群球資訊網之後這些人突然從可能四十幾個社群就變成同一個線上社群那當時我就有一個信心說欸我不管碰到任何問題我都可以在這個線上社群找到答案那他們在研究的東西離我們課本裡面寫的東西就是大專用書裡面寫的東西大概有十年左右的差距那後來我自己當了課法會委員國教院課法會之後就發現說這十年確實是因為你要先等科學社群形成共識然後接下來就像剛剛那個核心到外圈一樣你還要做教育的人真的把它轉變成教材教法然後真的能夠變成大家聽得懂的東西然後才能夠寫進課本課本有些還要翻譯還要審訂等等有它的流程所以十年真的是差不多那所以當時我就發現說欸我如果在線上社群的話我差不多就是在跟十年之後未來的人類學的東西那這兩個比起來好像沒有什麼這個懸念所以那時候就決定說不要再花時間去學校那後來呢自己這樣子學大概花了一年多兩年吧後來就發現說這樣子學還是有問題的因為沒有第一手的經驗尤其是沒有討論的經驗雖然email上面就是任何只要是技術性操作性的東西基本上來來往往三四風行應該就ok了但是呢任何所謂感受性的東西就是說你寫這個字的時候它在它的文化脈絡裡面是什麼意思這個東西它只能透過對話只能透過社群來達成所以那個東西沒有辦法從網路上學所以那時候我就回校園裡面然後就是去選反正就是我看不懂哪一個字我就去選大學裡面可能研究所開的那一個字的課然後一開始就混進去然後就是旁聽嘛那因為我也沒有要學位然後也沒有要這個干擾大家所以就是那些研究生們呢都不會把我當競爭對手因為反正對我當然就是多一個人聽而已那教授們都很高興因為他下了課那我反正也沒有別的事做就會一直纏著他繼續問問題所以在這種情況下就是教授們都很喜歡我所以在那樣子的情況下我就是等於是補足了我在網路上面看到的那些比較是屬於哲學的文學的人文的這些文化脈絡上面的東西在他們這個的理解裡面到底是什麼意思那個必須要透過對話來學會那所以大概就是這兩種途徑就是說如果是操作的技術性的 知識性的那就是透過就是互相連結的現在當然有維基百科有各種各樣的社群那如果是文化性對話性溝通方面的那就是透過跟人跟人之間不斷一次一次的對話來學習大概是這兩種學習的方式好下一個是說網路是國際市場台灣年輕人就業率低政府有想如何幫助台灣年輕人在全球網路也脫穎而出我是覺得說就是不要特別幫助不要擋路就可以了這個真的是很確實的一件事情我覺得是這樣子就是說全球網路業它本身是沒有一個或兩個固定的中心的即使是現在細股最大的那些公司它很多的R&D很多的各種各樣的就是sales marketing所有這些operation這些center它其實也是分散在全世界的尤其是如果它客戶是全世界的時候想要在不同時區都有center這個是已經很明顯的一件事情所以說其實這裡的重點不是政府要送多少人實體去哪裡或者讓多少的人實體過來這邊這個還是很重要就是像我剛剛講的文化的傳遞你還是要靠把人送來送去這樣子可是如果只是創業的話其實我們人是在open internet這邊我們跟對岸不太一樣對岸如果解決一個問題它是可以解決那個防火牆裡面intranet的問題那說不定也解決得很好就是它很難scale到外面的open internet來那我們這邊我們在這邊解決的問題我們可以透過open internet在任何地方加以解決像之前我在去年吧有參加過一個叫魚克松的一個黑克松那我們這邊有一個叫成印團隊他們解決的問題就是什麼五大湖裡面出現亞洲鯉魚然後這個過度繁殖迫害他們生態等等那這個團隊它後來就用open hardware跟open source就是軟硬體都是開放的去做一個非常非常便宜的水質偵測的一個儀器然後透過就是IoT的這個網路把它變成一個相當好的分析平台然後你就可以知道他們要產卵的那個特定的時間然後去做intervention等等那但是他們有沒有實際去過五大湖可能就是沒有去過任何一大湖但是只要能夠解決台灣這邊的水質的這個問題它也就可以port到這種就是外面的這個地方它用的protocol用的所有這些東西都是一樣的它把那個spec送出去那邊的人就可以生產了它也不用真的把人送過去所以我要講的是說往好處想就是說我們這邊解決的問題可以很容易scale到除了幾個英傳內之外的全世界那但是呢當然往壞處想就是說如果我們這邊沒有辦法解決我們當地的問題的話那非常容易就被就是外面來的人解決掉了這樣子那當外面來人解決問題的時候它其實就不太會管我們這邊的脈絡我們就要像這個某個Uber公司一樣非常非常多時間跟他們去做握選那所以我的意思是說這是有利有弊的它的這個Transparency的這個程度就是我們的市場在外面看起來是非常非常透明的那反過來講我們的東西要出去也相當容易那我覺得政府最大的能夠幫助就是說讓大家在每一次嘗試失敗的時候盡可能減低大家的失敗的成本那這個成本其實不只是錢錢的話如果你用投資你用補助你用這些東西其實非常容易去處理我覺得最大就是文化就是創業然後失敗比如說我創業失敗五次那這樣子在Silicon Valley其實我是比較容易找工作的那我只要有好好地寫Postmortem我只要好好有寫Blog去講說這個我到底創業為什麼失敗的整個業界有所學習這樣子找到下一份工作是非常非常容易的事情可是在台灣只要聽到創業失敗五次這幾個字大家腦裡浮現就是說你一定把親戚朋友的錢都掃光了什麼之類的這樣子要找到下一份工作另外一個可以做的事情就是鼓勵創新鼓勵創新的意思就是鼓勵實驗然後鼓勵實驗失敗所以就是金管會的那個就是金融創新實驗條例也是一樣就是說你如果這個Proposal就是真的讓不起來兩個月就沒了你不會因此就被金管會變成黑名單你馬上可以再提下一個Proposal然後又繼續開始實驗也就是說金管會的後面的想法就是說你每一次的實驗盡可能是由我們的這個管制體系的法尊成本那你就可以一直揣一直揣一直揣到你的model work 為止那我覺得這個才是真正就是能夠養出讓這個東西能夠scale到其他market的方式不然就是會解決金管會的問題那不一定能夠解決全世界的問題有人問說我上星期去首爾的駭客年會Cogate 2017演講對韓國的數位技術是否有什麼觀察很好的問題我去那邊其實是有他們的叫做Government 3.0的就是有點類似我們這邊做開放政府的有一個對談那我記得這個是在駭客年會的隔天那駭客年會的時候我也是用這種方式收問題然後當時很高票的一個問題就是說你明天要去跟我們政府會談那個會談逐字搞可不可以公開一下那我不知道他們的文化是怎麼樣然後我就知道在台上說我會問我會問但是我是尊重主人但是他們Government 3.0的其實非常非常的開放然後他們就說沒有問題逐字搞是可以公佈的那當然後來我們就想到一個Logistic問題因為我們是用就是華語文他們用韓語回答然後雙方各自的記錄是各自用各自的語言所以我如果公佈成中文那他們要到底要怎麼編輯呢這也是一個很傷腦筋的事情因為我在院裡面主持的會議是逐字搞可是不馬上公開而是讓所有參加的業務單位包含來的這些就是司處長的但也上來幫忙編輯就可以知道說他們當時的就是老闆們答應的東西哪些其實違反物理定律如果出去會怪怪的所以就是說可以把那個可行性都喬好了然後可能比較刺激的字眼都拿掉了才公開的我們院內是這樣就給大家十個工作天的時間但是如果我們就是送一份中文的東西去韓國那不要他們編輯這是有點強人所難所以後來我們的這個 agreement就是說我們做一些素技但是記錄下來之後是用英文然後我們就是送一份英文給對方然後對方也修改成大家他們公開都沒有問題的英文然後我們就是雙方可以同時公佈那個英文版所以也不錯就是他們也還滿願意接受這種radical transparency我們說激進是透明雖然他們之前都沒有完全沒有聽說過這種做法但是就是還滿 receptive那我覺得幾件事情一個是說確實啦就是他們在高速怎麼講就是不管是公共運輸還是在就是機場到收尾這個自由經濟區的那些高速移動的道路上面我都一面在上傳錄音跟錄音然後那個四句從來就沒有斷過這個是非常的羨慕的因為我們在高鐵上面這個中間就會斷很多次那但是這個就是在吳振宗老師的督導之下據說我們在九月就會或者可能七月多就會解決這個問題就可以高鐵全線不總斷因為在隧道裝了一波天線裝了裝了一些這種東西然後中間如果有不overlap的基地台好像也都找到基地台的位置了但是就是說這種就是比較細節的東西但是他因為人類很有意思就是我去一個地方會留下來的對他的印象其實是裡面最高峰的那個印象跟最後的一個印象的平均而已那其實中間的東西都會被扣掉這個是一個就是心理學實驗的結果所以我最後一層就是在去機場的路上就是傳輸非常順所以我到那個那個良好的印象就已經佔了一半的權重所以我現在都會拼命講他們好話真的很不行就人的記憶就是這樣運作的那但是當然也不只是這樣就是說他們的政府的電子話確實是做得很好他們有一個電子政府法那一定曾經以上其實都要用電子來簽公文絕對不會有我們這種跑資本公文的事情那然後我覺得這個非常棒那但是其實他們自己在內部電子的話可能做得很好可是在外部如果去問街上隨便哪一個年輕人說政府的服務你是不是都有在線上有做利用啊什麼其實相對無感的那他們的IMF這方面的排名好像也是二十幾名以後也就是說他們內部的數位化可能做得相當好電子化政府做得既比我們早也比我們就是pervasive但是他們的人民其實不一定有感覺到這件事情他們就會覺得說政府就是自己搞自己的但是其實事先也不會跟我們講然後我們的input也進不去那所以他們就是後來就跑去佔領然後就罷免了他們的總統這可能是其中的一個原因所以就是說數位技術他是可以在組織內部去生化的可是他在內部生化的時候是否真的能夠達到跨部門之間的溝通那他們Gov3.0的朋友們其實是覺得滿保留的那另外一部分就是說他是否能夠促進他跟外界的溝通還是因為內部這個溝通很順暢所以都覺得外面的人就是很外行那他們也是說對好像有一點這樣子的味道所以在這個部分就是人民有感的這個部分他們的候選人以及他們的一些朋友們其實也是很希望跟我們學習所以就是有互相可以學習的地方大概是這樣子然後下一位朋友問說這個就是如果有具名的話絕對不會有的問題就是是否能夠回答Uber為什麼又可以回到台灣那他們的劇烈法款到底什麼時候講是這樣子的就是說Uber在剛進入台灣的時候其實他就是在灰色地帶他不是真的非法那為什麼呢是因為他們當時第一批合作的車他們當時在台北大概只有20輛車吧差不多我應該都走過那20輛車的都是阻領車然後都是平常跑機場的也有R牌也有自己的這個公司然後也有腳碎那所以這一批是沒有什麼問題那但是呢從那一批之後的別的車就不一定了那例如像說他可能不一定有自己的公司他可能只是有R牌但是呢他的人呢可能是好幾個人在開紅一輛車是不是全部都有職業家照呢也不一定那Uber呢雖然在我們鞋上的過程中說我一定會輔導每一個人去取的職業家照但是實際上好像也沒有做所以在這樣的情況下第二批就是灰色就可能更黑一點點這樣子那但是呢到了第三批就是UberX的時候那乾脆就是連R牌車這個都取掉了嘛你用自己的車就可以了然後也完全不需要職業家照然後這件事情是說只是上班的時候順路在一個下班的時候順路在一個但是我們就是實際上去看就發現說一天上下班可能四十趟然後就是好像哪裡怪怪的就是說他們那個凹的那個說法越來越越沒有辦法是白色的這樣好 那所以我們就後來就開了一個現場諮詢會議那也是用這種收意見的方法來讓就是大家去表達就是對這件事情的看法那所以納寡納寡所以就是那個時候6月的時候就包含烏貝的司機就是所有的這個乘客等等幾千人一起去整理出來的這個公事那我們有這個公事我們就很高興因為我們就可以拿來跟烏貝談判那他們在談判桌上都說我們全部都答應這樣子但是事實上就沒有嘛那所以在這個時候那因為就是講的話不算的關係所以後來當就是立法院要通過這個罰款的時候其實真的不是行政院提的至少我完全沒有經受這件事情他們提這個的時候社會上因為我們已經有一個共識說至少你要做到納寡納寡那一關那所以這件事情就是法務部這件事還是有一些爭議但是爭議就沒有這個前兩年那麼大那是後來他們就被罰了一些錢罰了一些錢之後呢他們當然就說那我們停開嘛那停開之後他們就去改他們的Code改成現在怎麼樣呢就是說他們再也不說這個他們是派車的公司了那個共享這兩個次完全拿掉了本來就不是共享然後在這樣的情況下呢他們就說他們只是單純的一個報價梅河平台跟Airbnb呢就比較像因為你在叫的時候你就可以看到是哪輛車哪個車行他事先給你報價你要輸入你要從哪裡去哪裡然後呢當這個你真的搭了然後收了錢之後呢他還會寫一封email這封email就是copy你的email跟司機的email所以他真的就是變成一個梅河平台然後所有的這個司機的車號啊這個什麼就是筒編啊什麼東西他都如實的給你那在這樣的情況之下其實好像找不太到法去罰他因為就是該繳的稅有繳嘛那那那寶也有因為每一個車行是分別保險嘛然後納管也有納管啊都是這個職業駕駛人然後他就他只是一個就是代價司機的什麼什麼梅河服務這樣子所以到這個程度其實他的可罰性已經很可疑了當然反過來講就是說因為他們重開之後我搭了3趟Uber吧那我就是跟司機聊我說其實Uber現在就是在跟他們剛進台灣的時候一樣砸非常非常多錢等於每一趟次就是就是公司在倒貼的這樣的方式再重新把他們的driver base做出來那他們business model當然他們也是都有攤牌講嘛就是說他們希望等自駕車這個就是變成商業化的時候大家手機上面這個最後剩下的那個app就會贏因為他就不用再付任何錢給司機了這樣子所以就是在這個中間的這個過渡的過程呢就是他們這個正在砸錢做的事情那至於他們的罰款因為我真的不是督導這個的政委我不太知道他們現在跟交通部怎麼談當然最壞的情況就是他們設計設定出另外一個這個空殼公司嘛然後用來這個做這個app那但是他本來這個就讓他倒掉這個是這個是最最最簡單的做法但是目前好像他們還願意談到某個程度就是說願意把這個罰款按照某種方式去把他付出了但因為我真的不是督導這個的政委所以我要講的是說他的這個app因為他現在是純媒合了所以他跟他本來的那個罰款的關係其實已經沒有很大本來的那個可罰性現在好像不太適用那但是我們還在繼續觀察就他們如果任何時候他的app裡面改成不是這種公平競爭的東西的話那本來的修訂的那個東西又會再跑出來又有另外一位這個可能也是需要匿名才會聞得出來的問題公園院經常在談創新 誠信 分享但是往往最後一點分享是非常困難的尤其是年長的或是擁有技術的人不願意將自身的no好加以分享除了透過管理進行規範唐政委是否有沒有再推動的經驗可以分享這個是很有意思的就是說應該這樣講就是說我們我剛進來的時候就是剛進政院的時候常常就發現說每次有新興議題出現不管是Uber也好還是電競也好我們政府非常地擅長分工那合作就很需要學習有非常大進步的空間但是有的時候你分工會變成是說好像好像電競好了是三個部會大概各有三分之一的share這樣的事情這個時候是最麻煩的時候因為每一個都是minority stake所以只要任何一個變成主責部會他們就會覺得非常的不公平因為明明他們只佔三分之一而已可是另外兩個都是這樣想的所以到最後就會變成沒有人管事實上電競也六年沒有人管所以在這種情況之下他們每一個的stake到底實際上是什麼的時候可是這個東西就跟實際公務員的文化確實是有一些衝突之處那為什麼呢後來我就是進行了一些訪查一些田野之後發現說其實公務員並不是怕做事公務員怕的是風險而且就是難以預料的高的風險不管是這個圖利罪的風險還是這個就是不服從上級指導因此就被冷凍的風險就是基本上就是只要破壞了他的匿名性然後感覺上就會另外三分之二的所有做不好的事情都落到他身上所以他的那個風險是無可預測的那每一次都會直接估到滿那所以意思就是說他可tolerance就是0tolerance0的你唯一的那個那許平衡就是你什麼都不要做那所以大家都一直在那許平衡裡面不知道在幹什麼所以在這樣的情況下你要打破這件事情我們具體的做法是建立所謂的國會聯絡人的制度簡單來講就是每一次需要跟不特定的外界進行溝通的時候每一個部會就是推派1到3個人的一個team出來那就像是國會聯絡人或新聞聯絡人每個部會都要有這樣子的位置那每一次在喬這種跨部會的事情的時候都是同樣的聯絡人來負責找到業務單位那這個就是求犯兩難的一個做法嘛就是說如果你現在是在玩多人的求犯兩難那你把他做出來的而且你事先就知道會是多次的那這樣子的話其實你就比較會願意合作因為你不管合不合作你下次還是碰到同一個人那所以這樣子的話你這次推掉他下一次也對你不好這樣有什麼意義呢所以我就是跟他們很確定的時候反正接下來三年多如果我能夠做三年多的話就是這批人了然後這批朋友們他的議程設定就是我每個禮拜跟院長報告的內容那所以呢這些人就是跑不掉那一定要做橫向的連結那我會挑一個題目做習作所以在這樣子的情況之下好像就是不得不分享因為他的那個Pay of Matrix算出來就是說你如果不分享的話那而其他人都分享的話那到最後就是你最倒楣嘛所以就不如就是說一開始就就開始採取一個分享或協作的態度那這個也是把他的風險分散的意思因為當你很確定都有主字稿都透明每一個部位他真的只有三分之一的Stake的時候你就不會有不合理的就責就不會外面那個媒體吵一下就說哪一個人要下台負責因為你只要還原到一開始的那個偵測履歷就知道說他其實就真的只有這麼多Stake那不能夠錯怪他所以說把這個偵測履歷這個概念讓他散步上面變得非常容易是我們進來做的第一件事情就是說每一件事情我們如果在我們網站Pittis.TaiwanPittis.Taiwan它展開會變Pittis.NAT.gov.Taiwan然後那有一個翻譯米高然後這是Google翻譯然後它會把那個Terrific Responsible翻成了不起負責然後再如果你按一下那個Accountability你就會看到一些政策履歷那都有一些QR嘛那你按了之後就可以看到這一個特定的政策它從公聽會開始先會有一個議題導覽然後這件事情的三個部會分別的Stake是什麼那它不是最後才公佈的而是一開始這些都是紅燈或黃燈的時候就公佈的然後我就會說那現在協調到哪裡然後接下來還有什麼東西要協調所以就從公聽會開始然後一直到就是跟教育部跟議政署跟文化部然後以及跟這個接下來的就是體育署等等都會做這件事情我們一般在院裡面開會只會看到結論然後中間的過程都是左刮號右右刮號那但是呢在我們的這個政策履歷系統裡面我們會把那個結論附上這個東西的link所以呢每一個承辦都可以知道他們的老闆到底在會議上面講的每一個字每一句話是什麼所以這樣子就有一個for accountability trail就是說不是我任意的去下決定而是這邊他們真的真的答應了什麼東西然後他們做的這個准據是什麼那這個東西也不會說他回去之後這個承辦接到的完全不同的這個指示所以在這樣的情況下就是我們每一個部分都是這樣子做出來那我們這樣做出來的時候呢這個東西就會PO在可能LOL版或者巴哈姆特或者Mobile01那真的就有電競選手他看完之後就寫一個信來那也是公開的然後就說我看到這邊可是我們實際的經驗不是這樣會有之前什麼籃球什麼已經可以怎麼樣解套了所以在這樣的情況下我就會channel網友然後這邊就可以看到我會quote什麼八卦版上的Peter Jackson說什麼什麼之類的直接把網路的意見帶到會議裡面那因為網路上都是一些專業的五樓嘛說不定就是隔壁部會的人怎麼知道呢所以在這樣的情況下就是說一下就可以收斂到可行性方案那這個是我們實際就是做事情的方法所以就是recap幾個重點一個就是說保持一個跨不同單位的社群那這些社群就是一些固定的人然後是有定期的協作的這個方式那到大家熟到一個程度的時候你不想分享你也會願意分享那這個就是一個可能學習形社群的一個想法那在這樣的想法上到最後你可能是不需要管理的你需要的只是說你對於這群人盡量多製造一些讓他們之間對彼此有兩好感受的機會那因為其實你不可能改變一個人對一件事情的看法但是你可以改變他對那件事的感受你只要把他放在那個東西旁邊然後可能配上很好吃的食物或什麼之類看他喜歡什麼嘛你就可以改變他的感受所以就是我開會可能到最後就是發一些巧克力糖之類的那在這個情況下慢慢慢慢的感受改變的時候大家就願意多花一些時間來分享然後就會發現說他的分享的風險是可控制的他不會因為分享這個而被不當的就責當你把他的不當就責拿掉又把一開始的這一群人就是結合起來的話他就可以有更多的創新跟誠心的交流請問網路虛擬社會對於新生代是否有人格建構上的影響力對於虛擬社群的社會價值與教育意涵是否有正面積極的運用指導這個問題實在是充滿了正能量我不知道他怎麼樣開始回答網路虛擬社會他這個很有意思就是說像其實這個東西就是一個虛擬社會因為我一面在講然後大家一面在參與這個社群但是它是往事整合的意思就是說大家會之所以這樣寫是因為我給他一個叫做拘束力什麼是拘束力呢就是說他說他是最高票的我就一定會講這件事情所以說他是靠著這個拘束力去把這個實際場域跟這個網路社群bind在一起那這個是缺一不可的這件事情如果他是沒有拘束力就是大家隨便亂講然後我也不一定會回我看我自己高興的才回那這樣子的話他就會給人一個感受這個感受就是說那這個東西就是你要靠你不是說服大部分人不是讓大家給你按讚而是你就是要可能說服一小部分人就是跟你同溫的這群人就好了他就會變成fragmented society就是會變成碎片化那這個東西再還比較有臉書或者Twitter上面特別的嚴重因為你可以follow人可以不follow人那你看一個東西你要穿透同溫層去評論你要花一分鐘的時間可是你只是按分享其實只要一秒鐘的時間這兩個是時間投入完全不成比例所以到最後就會變成是說都在分享同一群的人他自然而然就因為演算法關係變成一個同溫層他不是任何有意識造成的而是分享比起你要穿透同溫層去評論可能還要忍受一些很酸的這種精神按摩這樣的情況就是說你要付出的認知成本是不成比例所以除非像像我就是在網路上面跟小白對話擁抱小白這個是我的興趣就是說我沒事做的時候就會去做這種事情但是那是因為我的人格滿奇怪的說真的所以說我很享受那種就是他隨便亂講十句話九句是人生攻擊然後其中有一句還滿有建設性的然後我就其實可能也沒有但可以解釋成這樣然後我就是完全忽略到那九句話然後就去回那一句話然後後來慢慢慢慢就發現說他其實會這樣子留言他只是要在這種像我們這個空間是一個convergence space是一個收斂空間因為大家可以按讚好的會浮到上面那像Facebook那種比較分散的空間你要獲取注意力的方式本來就是靠酸靠人生攻擊不然大家就滑掉了為什麼他願意停下來看當然是因為有很酸的關鍵字那在這樣子或者有貓咪圖片那樣也可以但我的意思是說在這樣子的情況之下他一開始為了爵取注意力本來就會用一些比較刺激的字眼那但是呢可是為什麼人到底為什麼要在臉書上面獲取別人的注意力呢為什麼不是去實際就是跟朋友面對面聊個天或甚至打個電話也好或者是這個去公園這個就是散散步呢對不對那這個原因是因為可能在實體上面他要獲得這個注意力要獲得擁抱要獲得什麼東西他要投入太多的認知成本以至於感覺上這邊的注意力雖然品質真的差很多可是他要投入認知成本跟認知成本可能百分之一所以說呢就是有點像吃垃圾的食物一樣就是他還是會飽嘛那但是呢其實那這個東西因為沒有什麼營養所以雖然會飽可是他就是心理上面並沒有什麼建設性所以說他不會造成一個有希望的感覺所以你隔天醒來了還是覺得很空虛然後呢那只好再去酸人所以他就會就等於是有一個養成的一個結構就是說你越拿不到那個實體世界裡面的這個什麼擁抱啊或者是這個朋友們之心交流感覺越會覺得說好吧那我在網路上拿一些刺激品可是你越拿就有點上癮性就是說那你就越不會願意這個越不會有剩下來的好的品質的注意力去這邊那你可能就是越來這邊越酸所以後來呢我學到的方法就是說那我就專門回那一句或半句或三個字有建設性的然後其他的都假裝沒有看到那這樣子就是在告訴他說你要獲取的注意力只能透過有建設性的發言來達到你如果是有建設性的發言你根本就沒有浪費掉我的時間也沒有浪費掉別人的時間那在這樣子的情況下經過幾個回合之後呢真的大家都突然變成非常有建設性非常正能量這個充滿正面積極的因為只有這樣才能獲取注意力啊其他我都當作沒有看到啊所以那我們在做網路上面的這個公開諮詢也是一樣我們不管是眾影平台或者V台灣平台大家只要能夠自由留言我們在就是裡面有人身攻擊或什麼的時候呢其實我們就是按編輯然後把人身攻擊的那幾個字什麼公務員都是什麼什麼阻礙國家進步的元凶什麼之類之類換成比較合換的字眼或者是那一句拿掉但是他的主論點保持那在這樣的情況下我們就會發一封私訊給他事實上這個是有自動程式可以做的就是說我們非常非常感謝您的具體的回應那這個具體的回應七天之內呢我們會有主管的部會加以具體回應不過你這幾個字這個可能是有人身攻擊那我們term of service上面已經有寫不要人身攻擊雖然我們就幫你刪掉了這樣子那但是呢如果你要去看編輯記錄還是在我們不是真的是查進你的言論所以如果你時間太多的話可以去看編輯記錄那這樣的意思是什麼就是各部會的這個承辦以及窗口以及這個一路牽到課長次長都覺得說哇 網路上的意見非常的中肯非常的專業非常有這樣能量因為人身攻擊都被刪掉了然後呢值得他們花一些力起來好好地回應真的是這個非常非常充滿正向的能量那這個原因當然是因為中間有一個filter但是呢這個filter過了幾次之後大家就會學到說對確實你罵人加15個驚嘆號有沒有什麼意義所以在這樣的情況下大家就會變得比較優質的這樣子的一種互動好那但是當然呢也有朋友們可能就是覺得說那這樣子我真的就是不想花時間想公共政策那飯也沒有關係他就去別的地方網路是無限大的發費文地方是非常多的那只是說就是他們就不會來這個平台進行進一步的討論但某個程度上來講也是有就是過濾的作用好所以這是我的興趣那但是就是說大家可以就是我不強迫大家一定要有跟我一樣的興趣但可能就是看到這樣子的社群的時候就可能腦裡可以想一想說這個社群他有哪些是因為他那個系統的circumstances他的外部設定而出現這樣子哪些是這裡面的人那其實人類很容易犯fondamental attribution error就是基礎觀音謬誤就是一個人做這件事情你就會覺得說一定是爛人才做這件事情但是大概九成九的情況下是因為他在一個很爛的環境所以他做這件事情那所以可能就是多檢討環境少檢討受害者這樣子是基本的概念區塊鏈被譽為能夠改變未來的技術它是一個不能改變過去的技術所以它可以改變未來台灣是否應該發展自己的區塊鏈系統不管是公有聯盟還是私有鏈來符合台灣現有的環境政策以及商業生態區塊鏈它其實就是剛剛講不能改變過去一個immutable的一個record它是不能夠輕易改變的那它當然最適合就是你有一個多方的交易其中任何一方都不能夠信任所有其他方那所以你在大家都不互相完全信任的情況下同意某一種我們把這種信任分散的方法然後可是說到底這個東西一開始被拿來當作金融其實是滿滿奇怪的因為它它就是分散資質料庫分散資質料庫其實有非常多種別的用法你拿來做這個像那個杜杜克對不對這是有一個群眾募資平台你在上面買一些碰竿什麼東西的時候它可以確保說即使這個平台倒了它的那個record都還在而且那些真的賣碰竿的人就可以去申請什麼公平交易的認證它就可以真的任何人都可以看到金錢的流向是真的留到那個碰竿的眾的人手上所以在這樣的情況下它可以結合很多個生產者也不只是像群募是很多個出錢的人它可以在這邊也可以分散開來那因為每個人都可以知道其他人的這個生產的流向所以在這樣子的情況下當然這個大家是很願意投入開發的不過因為大部分重要的這些區塊鏈目前兩個兩個大的可成事化的區塊鏈他們其實都是開放原碼的一個技術所以說其實你說臺灣自己自由的好像就是說當然作為研究可能你想要改一些更好的parameter什麼那當然是非常值得鼓勵但是如果你只想要把它拿來用的話那我們現在就有點像是在資料庫技術發展的早期大家都還在摸索那個什麼SQL92的那些standard到底應該怎麼寫的那個時候那這個時候其實與其自己從頭去開發或從頭去tune當然不如去盡可能加入正在運用的這個社群然後盡可能參與這個社群的治理那這個社群的治理其實才是區塊鏈的核心就是大家碰到困難的時候怎麼樣一起解決怎麼樣一起溝通之類所以像Etherian那個鏈的使作用者吧Vitalik Buterin他來臺灣的時候我們就討論一下說當他的鏈真的發生分支的狀況的時候他們內部的政治運作到底是怎麼處理的他們如何取得正當性他們如何讓這個社群分崩離析等等那這個東西後來就發現說我們在做的題目其實滿像的就是說他到最後他是一個就是政治如何在明明就是看起來是都是透明的但是大部分人其實看不懂的這個情況下還能夠獲取正當性那這個中心就有非常多轉易的技術有很多記錄的主持的技術等等那這些都是其實這就是新型態的主權所以我會覺得說與其把它硬放在臺灣的這個環境的這個邊界裡面不如去想說你要拿它來解決那種問題而且提示它很可能跟金融沒關係然後你在應用的時候去看全世界正在解決類似問題的社群然後去參與它這樣下一個問題是這次不是匿名的Jenny說歡迎來到公園院想要問說對公園院有什麼特別的印象有沒有對展示館的技術特別有興趣這個就是講一個會得罪所有其他的這種這種Occasion對我自己是對於公園院的印象其實在入隔之後僅限於就是每個禮拜四跟吳正中老師在科技匯報辦公室開會然後呢因為科匯報辦就會去講說我們接下來要又要做什麼東西比如說什麼國產的PM2.5的sensor我就隨便講一個然後那吳老師就會說這個應該是公園院的什麼什麼可以做因為那個禮拜去看這個東西的進度等等所以就是說感覺上就是一個好像小叮噹這樣子的一個單位只要這個想要什麼道具就是只要把它列到就是吳老師的那個捲帶上面這邊就會好像吳老師的口袋一樣就會變出那樣子的道具來就是我入隔之後對公園院我非常非常誠實的說就是這樣子的印象那當然就是說當然公園院還有更多啦就是我自己剛剛這樣子看了一圈我自己比較比較感覺很有印象深刻的是就是從基礎研究到實際商轉這個中間的短的距離當然我瞭解到會擺出來轉世的都是特別順利或者特別成功的可是在那麼多的領域裡面然後能夠那麼快的去把它規模化然後把它變成就是技術轉移到我們實際商生活可以用的不管是輔助性的或者是擴增性的東西我真的覺得是蠻了不起的就是說如果只看展示的話真的會覺得是真的是小叮囊那樣子的感覺那表示我有年紀了多拉艾夢這樣子的感覺對那對於特定的技術的話我剛剛有一個印象深刻的是那個消防隊的那個水利發電的那個東西因為它其實就是真的要講一個一個轉一個念頭就好了就是確實水壓那麼高的地方差不多也就是就是消防隊了那但是他用來就是做緊急證明確實解決了真正的問題那每個地方政府其實因為他們是就是個別編列的經費嘛所以有些也許還沒有聽過這個東西所以我以後如果碰到的話就會幫忙當sales這樣子就是說要不要考慮一下因為它真的是一個簡單的技巧它幾乎沒有什麼出錯的可能性它的tolerance是非常非常好的那在這樣的情況下好像沒有什麼道理不退所以在就是這種感覺上只是動一個念頭但事實上後面當然有無數次的就是嘗試錯誤有無數次的這個innovation的這個過程但我覺得那個印象就是說到最後的這整個package它不是只是中間研究到一半的結果然後就說這個即將改變世界它是真的已經改變了世界然後已經是未來了只是說這個未來可能還沒有很均勻的傳播可能只有幾個地方政府這個在未來那其他可能還在過去那所以就是我們要可能更花一些力氣當這個傳播者的角色但是從研究到實際某個地點已經變成未來的這個pipeline我覺得這邊是就是非常非常讓人感動非常impressive最近PTT常常看到有人談行動支付組或第三方支付有關好在中國已經相當盛喜真的是一個進步的指標卻忽略了那是因為台灣自由開放就我的觀察是否有台灣真的落後國際社會很多的科技發展對 因為其實行動支付這四個字我們其實沒有很好的index可以用就是當然有些廠商自己量但是我們實際在就是真正的Global Report裡面看到其實大部分是電子支付電子支付的意思就是不用現金那通常就是它的交易量哪些是用現金除以這個全部的交易量然後就這樣子那但是這樣子的index你要做高做低都是非常容易的事情因為它是算量它不是算交易次數所以我們現在當然也想要把index做高一些可是這跟真正的行動支付其實是有一些距離的行動支付當然我同意PTT上很多朋友的見解就是說它在解決的中國那邊的問題在台灣常常不是一個問題在台灣取得現金也好或者是使用現金也好或者是你不是使用現金但是你是用就是信用卡交易也好等等但是這些station比起你用Apple Pay或者是台灣的各種Mobile Pay的那些station它是更 accessible而且你在這個現金互相交流這個過程裡面可能更有人情味等等PTT上有非常多奇怪的論點我現在只是在quote上面的論點但是就是說這些論點每一個都顏值成立它就是一個社會不同的文化但是這個文化我覺得從裡面任意挑一個指標出來然後就說我們落後或者不落後好像真的是哪裡怪怪的所以我通常當外國的朋友問我說台灣這個你覺得最強的指標是什麼然後我就會說台灣 is best at being Taiwan就是說台灣在做台灣上面做的是這個世界無語倫比但是就是我們並沒有想要變成細骨我們沒有想要變成新加坡我們沒有想要變成首爾因為就不是而且這個我們在做的東西在解決的我們實際的社會問題我們在照顧到的我們的社會文化其實大家已經一次一次透過倡議透過討論透過佔領來表示說OK 我們有重視一些價值好比方說絕對的言論自由好比方說這個社會的多元性然後這些東西那這個東西它我覺得是值得珍惜的它不是說我們隨便挑一個指標這個指標落後我們就要犧牲掉這些核心價值那個是可能發展中國家在還覺得這個發展中它必須要沿著什麼什麼線性的什麼發展軌跡的時候才使用的一套修辭那台灣已經離開那個狀況其實已經滿久了所以在這樣的情況下我們我們還是要回到就是價值就是這個社會要什麼然後以及如果這個社會兩群人要的東西不同的話或多群人要的東西不同的話我們怎麼樣子到大家雖不滿意但可接受的一些共同的價值所以這個東西可能比自由開放自由開放是它的前提可是它比自由開放還要深一點它是我們能夠不只是容忍而且到最後可以跟我們很不一樣的人對話然後一起去找到我們共同的一些價值的這種東西那在這件事情上我覺得這個發展就是在國際的任何地方來看都不遜色這樣子至於如果要隨便找一個指標就是找什麼新加坡指標或者是西古指標或者是美國指標然後說台灣在這上面是零分這個是非常非常容易算的但是這是沒有什麼意義就是說我們去比什麼自由經濟貿易區的數量或者是什麼其他的那個要比是非常容易比的可是但就是在劃把然後射箭我自己覺得說這個沒有什麼意義當然我這樣子講是充滿了BIAS因為我自己就是讀三個幼稚園六個小學一個國中然後每年都轉學一次從來沒有做過暑假作業然後就錯學了那在這種情況下我沒有辦法跟人比較我沒有一個固定的比較群體所以我其實腦裡完全沒有競爭這兩個字那所以這可能是我的成長紀念給我的局限可能對很多朋友來講競爭還是有意義的但是對我來講就是競爭真的是完全幾乎完全沒有任何意義因為你任何時候都可以隨便挑一個指標來讓自己看起來很棒或看起來很差可是事實上那個叫做什麼relative status就是你在量的是你跟另外一個別人或一個國家跟另外一個國家的相對地位你隨便挑一個指標那你可能挑的指標好你感覺上這個RQ這個精神勝利的這個相對地位非常非常高或者說你挑到一個反指標這個感覺上非常非常自己非常雖那但是但是事實上這跟是社會現狀到底有什麼關係沒有任何關係那完全只是一個心理感受而已那也就是說我們不會因為挑一些指標看起來贏過所有旁邊的國家就真的變成一個比較好的社會它跟我們的絕對只一點關係都沒有所以我自己是絕對不花時間在這個上面的那我進院裡之後也盡可能在制定科技政策的時候不要花時間在這個上面那原因是因為它很容易去去追很容易去算可是到最後跟我們實際社會的發展跟文化的關係真的不大好政府推出上千億的前瞻建設這是一位叫做這樣的朋友但是仔細一看仍然是以硬體為主而不是在做服務設計也不是讓台灣成為觀光大貨便利國民生活瑞士不光有硬體到火車站窗口可以立刻列出到少女風你今天上得去嗎問好要如何搭車並且立刻賣票給你的資訊服務系統這裡有一個這要講的就是說前瞻基礎建設我們在主基礎編列的時候就有一個criteria這個criteria就是說它必須是一次性的發展性的經費它不能是持續性的補助性的經費因為呢它就只編八年數位的話編四年你如果編這種持續性的應該要回到就是經常預算回到就是就是國家的普通的預算為什麼呢因為不然的話你這個特別預算完了之後你就無以為繼那大部分的這種經常性的都是可能六年計劃八年計劃更長的計劃這種更長的計劃它就是政府的一部分所以這個東西就是要用一般的預算所以如果去看數位建設的話我們是把數位國家創新經濟八年的方案裡面那些一次性的硬體的蓋了之後你不太需要維護的集中到數位建設這邊可能本來是蓋完的我們把它弄到三四年蓋完可是蓋完之後我們要怎麼樣去運用它我們在軟體在服務上那個還是回到數位國家方案去那是因為一開始就是主技處給我們的這個criteria是這樣子所以我們就是挑這些東西編進去不是說我們不做別的別的還是做這個東西因為已經吸收掉了一些硬體這邊的要花的錢所以我們就有更多的公務預算可以來做服務設計可以來做服務流程改造等等其實是在數位建設裡面我們這次也是有放進開放的內容跟共通的服務這兩個主軸這兩個主軸傳統上是不把它當做基礎建設的但是現在我們就是說如果我們現在要不要有我這個演講的錄影以及各位的問題所有這些東西它我不是拋棄了著作權嗎那這個就是任何人都可以利用的素材那這個東西我們也把它叫做基礎建設因為確實你可以在這上面去做更多的東西所以就包含可能就是公式要拍一些什麼劇集但是在拍的過程裡面所有的布景所有這些東西的數位畫整個流程的數位畫還有這個數位畫過程的用到的一些軟體的或者製程的數位畫的公開等等這些東西都變成所謂的基礎建設那在服務這邊也是一樣就我們把之前各自為政的可能各種不同的防救在系統氣象的規氣象然後地震規地震然後消防署規消防署然後是部分不一樣那我們就是用API的方式把它串接起來我們把這個串接的共同性也叫做基礎建設所以我們確實已經把基礎建設從蕉橋部落已經做了額外定義了但是我們還是不能把經常性的東西放進去所以這是這一次的建設的設計所以當基礎建設很容易了解所以為什麼叫前瞻呢所以Forward Looking的意思其實就是說我們七年之後本來就要做我們現在變成兩年之後做這個就是前瞻就是把那個時間稍微壓縮一下這次的意思就是這樣子而已所以回來這個題目就是說當你實際在設計東西的時候你如何去把Service Design的概念放進去我覺得這裡就是回到我們公共政策制定的一個想法就是說我們以前花很多時間在工具性的東西上但是呢這裡我們還是會有徵詢還是會有各種各樣子的動作可是呢我們很少在系統建制的時候讓使用者進來讓那個Stakeholder本身變成這個系統的測試或者它的設計應用的一部分所以就會變成是說如果碰巧是一群真的很懂很領先時代的那個人那當然就可以推出像iPhone這種我們都不知道我們自己需要的產品但是呢但是在更多的情況之下是就會推出一些就是Pump Trail這一類的產品對不起我們要得罪特定廠商的意思我們常常喜歡用Pump的但是就是說很明確的就是說他們在做服務設計的時候是沿著既定的軌道做然後越做可能就是越順利可是使用者真正的需求很少有一個有系統的方法能夠進來所以到最後就會Stagnant那我們現在在院裡面推的就是這一套的做法就是儘可能把我們要建立的自通訊系統也好把這些服務系統也好是一開始就是以使用者的服務發展來當做他的前期那我們未來的就是檢核啊法規啊維護啊意見回饋這些都會回到這個使用者來那當然我們現在只能挑一些特定的題目好不想要剛剛提到公共參與平台可能金融創新實驗可能接下來的數位通訊傳播法等等會開始帶入這樣子的精神我們不太可能一下子就把六法全書裡面每一個政府要做的事情都這樣子翻掉但是我會希望說我們這樣慢慢累積出一些成果一些要點之後我們整個過程都是公開的嘛那其他各部會的朋友就可以拿這些 toolkit去然後也想說對我們在前期involve一些人來不但不會爆炸而且未來他們就不會就是在網路上或馬路上告訴我們說我們設計錯了這樣子所以就是他一定程度上面對於就是事務官這個讓社會知道說其實有些很專業的事務官他可以解決人民的問題只是以前他們提出來的案子可能到第三集就被打回票了以及這個他們自己做的這些事情是不是能夠透過一次一次的試做然後讓整個社會覺得說好 那你現在這邊可以再修正一點再修正一點那把這兩個互動把它做出來而不是中間一直都卡一堆政務官像政委或者是立委這些的政務官然後人民可能就只能隔著報紙喊話的那樣子的狀況可能慢慢的就會變成是真的能夠去做實際的服務上面的對話那所以這個是這個是具體的一個回應啦就是說我們還是要改變我們做服務設計的這個流程那這裡面還牽涉到非常非常多細節好 比如說能不能用敏捷的方式做規劃能不能採購的時候RFP用就是比較是試做或者是co-design的方法開等等那這些我們都在跟國發會合作就是慢慢的會開始把範本做出來有一位朋友想問我對目前半導體產業的看法這個房間裡面可能百分之九十七以上的人都比我適合回答這個問題說真的我是學就是剛剛講的嘛資訊社會學嘛communication design那是網路都已經非常非常順了OSI七成已經全部都可以了之後最上面的那一層所以我對於就是IC實在是一切不同那我連就是基本的教科書都沒有讀過的那個程度所以就是你要問我對半導體產業的看法那個叫做問到餘忙那但是好在我也不管半導體產業的政策所以沒有機會這個因為長官才是的關係而讓台灣的半導體發展受到影響這樣子就是我非常清楚我不懂什麼所以我是絕對不會去管我不同的東西的好下一個問題是說就我的觀察現在的政務體制有哪些實質可以改善的空間該如何開始調整那這邊有提到就是說我們政策形成的過程我覺得這個是一個具體可以調整的那舉例來講我不是說我們每一個部會挑的當時是一到兩名的聯絡人嗎我們為了讓大家聯絡感情我們在2月22號的時候有第零次協作會因為大家幾乎都是陌生人然後在一開始就是問大家這個問題說這個你覺得政府跟人民溝通到底哪裡出了問題大家貼一貼便利貼吧這樣子那當時這個剛好就是在過年前我們發出這個問卷的時候剛好是公務員這個才剛被政務體系得罪的一個時點就是所謂的國律卡事件在當時大家可能就不知道這邊有沒有人真的拿國律卡發生這件事我才去知道有國律卡這個東西可以拿所以國律卡它基本上就是說公務員因為不要他們加班所以加班大概有14天的特休如果你不請的話其實也不會給你加班費也就是說強迫你休假了但是為了強迫你休假國家可能省了一筆加班費所以這個東西就回過頭來變成一年最多補助一萬六然後讓大家可以在請特休假的程度上面去刷這個可能買一點書或者是買一點旅遊相關的東西或者去觀光的地點消費但是呢因為要促進觀光然後可能要對旅行業有一些實質的補貼所以他就在差不多去年12月31號的時候公布說從今年開始有一半的錢他就只能去團體旅遊就是只能坐台灣觀光巴士以及其他的一些旅遊社的套裝行程簡單講就是要跟同事一起出去玩才能夠刷得掉的錢所以當時公務員都非常的不舒服因為主要的原因就是因為沒有人問過他們然後莫名其妙只有一半的錢就被這樣子了然後呢他到底是不是真的能夠補助旅行業也有點可疑然後當時呢因為媒體上面一直放話就是說國律款這件事情到底是幫國家省了80億還是國家額外補助了80億雙方都有講這樣子我就不點名了有兩位這個朋友在媒體上面互相放話所以這個時候呢公務員就覺得很衰因為就是明明已經加班費已經被客扣掉了還要被無名化拿出國律卡的時候還要這個特別被帶到很貴的那邊或跟你說不到500塊不到1000塊不能刷卡還是什麼之類的因為我後來我自己就去view test所以就是都碰到這些事情所以這個時候呢就發現說這個制度真的是缺乏內部溝通而做出來的所以當時呢我們就整理了這個東西然後這邊是當時各組就是各部會三十二個部會大家的一些共識的要怎麼解決那後來呢我們就開始做facilitation開始做主持然後說你要怎麼樣著手解決這個問題呢你就是要在開放創新的文化裡面以解決問題而且首長認為是重要的情況底下幫助全體公務人員在公開透明的管道裡面提及對話來提升決策品質那就是一個具體可以解決的問題但這個問題到底應該怎麼解決呢大家就開始用idea development的方式來畫概念圖然後最後的大概的收斂到就是說我們除了這個對外的參與平台之外也要有個對內的公務員的參與平台然後可能要適用而且讓公務員參與這個平台的設計然後接下來我們就又開了工作坊來做user journey所以呢就是從開始提案之前需要方便容易的登入管道以及保護隱私然後而且要瞭解提案範圍然後要解決一些問題然後大家又可以提案然後可以富裕然後可能覺得像國律卡應該要改成什麼名字才不會有污名化的感覺因為明明就是公務人員強迫不休假什麼什麼加班強迫休假什麼什麼不加班卡什麼之類的但是這個又太長了所以就是可能會有一些有意義的提議或者是要怎麼樣去處理然後後面小組然後要怎麼樣成案之後要怎麼樣處理然後呢要用開放的心態來接受創意思維而且要有專家學者機關的對話座談然後而且如果提出很好的問題的人他可以匿名但是如果他最後願意顯明的話呢就會有獎勵措施而且還會專業的續講什麼之類的然後有一個相當好的service design到這個程度參加這個工作坊的朋友們呢都還是覺得說這只是政委在讓大家做練習而已就是我們試試看嘛這樣子就是就是不了就是隔天我就拿去給院長說怎麼樣我們來做吧然後呢然後院長看了就說好主意啊為什麼不做呢錢不是問題然後就指定了國防會館考處然後莫名其妙就變成一個要點然後所以就是說大家從便利貼收斂到要解決什麼問題到可行方案的東西其實他已經足夠細緻也就是各部會都覺得這是一件好主意所以我們只要一個column就可以翻譯成這種這種文字那所以這種文字其實在行政院裡面這就是我們的code啊就是我們的programming language嘛所以就是你翻譯成這種東西政府機器就可以執行它就是一個compiler所以就是說我們在這樣子的一個過程裡面最後收斂到的東西它只要能夠法制化其實它就會做所以我今天來之前才對不對他簽約我才剛簽出去嘛所以這個東西甚至是說這是一個很有效的方法從大家一份填膺到覺得但是有什麼問題需要解決到可行的解決方法到收斂到這個可行解決方法真的是我們可以處理的然後到可能我們每個禮拜五這樣收斂之後我禮拜一拿去給院長跟其他這種委員同事們他們覺得說哎對這個真的不錯可以做那馬上就取得拘束力然後就回應了那這個cycle其實是非常非常的快這個就是我剛剛講的往事整合的那個拘束力的那個概念就是一個月會投票然後任何部會的PO的聯絡人都可以提案然後當然一開始提案都是提一些跟自己權益有關的嘛然後支持公務人員可以合法組織公會然後但是慢慢的就會處理一些大家可能覺得很棘手或需要跨部會才能夠處理的問題所以我們現在就是一個一個來用這樣子的方式解決大概這樣所以就是說他每一步都要做的事情其實都很小但是公務體系很容易發生的事情就是說每一步他大家都怕有風險或怕被抵消怕被腰斬所以他連那一步都不做或是就象徵性的跨出一步所以我們只要確定每一步的下一步的拘束力都在你跨出那一步之前就在那裡其實這個公務人員都是非常有能力的人他就可以一下子就收斂到這種非常好的協作公司來所以Sofa我是就是這樣子在處理的那這個跟下一位朋友的問題是非常非常相像的就是說有人好不容易湊滿了五千人連署過了之後常常收到關槍式的回應要怎麼樣改善我們目前因為我們的量能有限所以就是每個月挑三個不一定是連署案但是很多是連署案然後就請這五千個人裡面的可能五個人左右來這邊跟我們實質協作然後把雙方互相達成理解這個過程用360錄影用主字膏用各種方式然後寄回給所有的連署人所以大家就可以了解到訴求裡面哪些東西是指出真正的問題哪些其實政府待會已經在做了只是從來沒有發新聞稿講然後等等等等就是讓大家能夠對焦那這個對焦的過程裡面我覺得才是最重要的因為如果沒有辦法對焦也就是說如果你面前沒有人你只看到五千六百七十二這個數字為什麼是關槍式的回應呢因為他腦裡面沒有一個想像的對象那這樣子的話他寫的時候當然就是以他的長官為他想像的對象親和是要往上前那在這樣的情況下他當然寫出來的東西是充滿了就是關就是關槍的的程式語言就是所謂公文公文書寫那但是當我們把實際的利益關係找來然後就是透過反覆的平等的溝通確定多方都可以理解的話那樣子傳出來的東西你只要就是很自然的講話這樣子記錄下來的東西自然就會是大家看得懂的那這個是很有趣的就是說我們還是需要有一個有血有肉的溝通即時的溝通才能夠讓連署人的想望去對焦因為畢竟就是你實際在連署的可能一千字裡面的那個平寬其實是滿少的因為一個連署要成功他一千字裡面就要花五百字去講這件事情很重要或者他很一份甜音或者再不解決就完蛋了之類之後具有急迫性的文字那可能真的只剩五百字在講他的實質而他的實質裡面又可能很多就是直接跳到建議而不會講說我觀察到了什麼事實我有什麼個人經驗我對他有什麼感受可是我們如果真的要解決問題我們是要知道大家的感受所以這個東西就是所謂的Politics of Feelings或者Democracy of Feelings就是我們的一個具體貢獻就是我們怎麼把互相聽互相理解彼此這個感受的這個過程讓它變成有延展性的有人問城市設計師的職業壽命這個很有意思我之前有一陣子在當那個IBM台灣的System Integrator然後我就發現說你如果會就是Cobo或者會Fortune的話你只要願意耐得住無聊就好像會寫公文一樣你只要練到一個程度你基本上就不太會實驗因為永遠都有那種Legacy System需要你去維護而且碰到Y2K的時候案子還特別多所以我的意思是說如果你對城市設計師真的只是把它想像成是一個職業那最簡單的就是你去找他跟某個特定Domain最好是NicheDomain的那個結合的那個Domain Language然後進入那個社群把它學會然後只要那個Domain還在你的這個職業就還在然後就可以當一輩子這樣子但是就是說這樣子好像沒有什麼意思但是如果只是想成一門職業的話這確實是很快速獲得Job Security的一個方法我在西谷認識很多人他就是到五六十歲就是在同一個同一個Vertical裡面然後就是一直做這件事情那所以其實並沒有什麼太大的職業說明上面的問題那但是如果你感興趣的是你對城市設計不是只是把它當作一門職業而是想要創造出一些東西來的話那這個東西的職業說明就蠻短的因為任何要解決社會問題它不會永遠都是社會問題它有時候就會真的被解決然後大家整個社會去去看下一個問題那下一個問題就跟上一個問題需要的是完全不一樣的所以如果真的想要解決社會問題的話就會變成是第一個要準備好失敗很多次然後第二個所有的工具級這種東西基本上就是學過就忘學過就忘就是你要願意一致血腥的拖set因為它是跟著這個就On top of things是跟著時代的這個表面的脈搏走的那但是如果你對研究比較有興趣或者是對特定的斗面比較有興趣就像我們所說的你可以On the bottom of things就是去鑽研某個東西然後把它鑽研到非常的熟那這個最基礎的東西未來所有的城市所有的東西還是要用那就比較接近資訊科學的範疇那在這樣的情況下其實就不需要太擔心職業壽命這件事情其實就是真正在犯刑轉移的資訊科學其實是很慢的那在這件事情上面就不需要太過擔心那有下一位五樓剛剛好這位網友認為說台灣創業環境不友善國外有一些就是自己這個創業成功的人就變Angela但是呢台灣的創業成功的人可能就去投別的地方了所以我們的投資環境常常看中短期利益那政府與產業有一些僵化的思維盲目的遵從一些下引號老總上引號對於年輕人的建議或者是教育那對於台灣僵化思維與老資對立世代對立是否有圖威的建議或者是想法這是非常好的問題因為確實就是第一手經驗不一樣這件事情我覺得是很難去一下子就改變的就是說像舉一個例子來講就是經濟部他在去年吧開始辦了非常多場他們叫做Mix台灣Mix台灣的講座然後Lace Panel他就是找一個已經滿成功的可能前一輩的硬體為主的或者是一些傳統產業的朋友來分享他們的產業升級或轉型的經驗然後找一個年輕的或者是至少是就是比較軟體導向的然後做技術或者是做應用的朋友比較是上層的Application的朋友來分享他的創業經驗然後再找一個弄AI的人來講AI對這兩個東西要怎麼樣把它Fuse在一起我們在看他們的對談就是好幾集的不同的Mix台灣的時候就可以發現說其實真的最大的差別就是個人的第一手經驗當大家都能夠聽到彼此的第一手經驗的時候其實大家就是在每個世代裡面他們看事情的方法解決事情的方法價值觀並沒有差那麼多差最多的就是說覺得什麼事情是重要的這件事情他可能不涉及到人的基本價值而只是說我的親朋好友都在講什麼就是同溫層的這個東西所以我自己覺得說多一些像Mix台灣這樣子的東西他就不會變成是好像一個世代在教育另外一個世代說應該要怎麼樣花錢或者是應該要怎麼樣存錢而是可以變成是說雙方都更花一些時間來聽對方的實際的生活經驗因為確實現在的這一倍對於金錢的態度或者對於這個房子的態度或什麼它是受到一些實際的經濟參數的影響這個東西並不是它是客觀的存在於那邊的那就是這一代的人共通的經驗那在這樣的情況下如果上一代的人沒有辦法進入這個第一手經驗可能我不知道我之前的研究林玉海包含帶著VR然後去進就是實際的去感受到那些實際的地點然後或者是實際的對話那其實也是滿有幫助的所以在這樣的情況下就是說我們還是要盡可能對焦到就是彼此的生活經驗一樣然後去把這個雙方互相污名化這個東西試著把它解開像國旅卡那個案子後來我們就是算出來用OpenData這個算出來說實際上發國旅卡政府省了27億等於吃了公務員27億的豆腐然後這個東西一出來它是實際的客觀的事實怎麼算都已經公佈了那這樣子的話雙方那個互相校正的那個相罵本就消失了就是說大家看著這個客觀的東西大家可以有不同的感受還是可以有不同的感受但是就不會雙方是在不同的現實裡面然後互相指著對方的現實說那個不是現實這樣子那你要至少要對焦到這個程度才有可能有意義的對話所以後來我們的就是國旅卡那案的回應出來之後難得的就是八卦板上面就是看著這個回應然後就是說年輕公務員很可憐這個政府這個吃公務員豆腐還要汙名化他們什麼之類之類非常少看到八卦板在講公務員好話的但是就是就因為我們已經寫到這麼清楚了所以就是鄉民就竟然可以跟公務員同仇敵開那我覺得這個算是算是真的是一個文化上一個圖圍的一個進步請問我對於公演員現階段存在的意義有什麼樣的看法公演員應該要如何調整如何轉型畢竟現在跟當年就是IC的那個時代就是台積電成立的年代已經差很多了這個東西我是覺得啦就是說第一個我對於公演員現在存在意義完全沒有概念我覺得那是大家自己創造出來的東西我沒有辦法一下子就指定一個意義給大家對我來講如果是外部指派的意義那個東西沒有什麼意義其實說真的就是任何時候別人跟我說唐鳳尼入隔的意義就是這個的時候我就說那是你的投射接受你的想像但是我沒有迎合你的期待的義務就是說因為意義這種東西它是兩個或以上的人的一個共同想像才會發生的東西那當然這邊有一大群人所以大家如果有一些共同想像當然非常好因為這樣子就是大家在工作的時候會互相加強彼此的意義但是呢如果現在是各位就是每天的工作的人突然之間跑過來你的意義就是這個那那個就是很不負責任的一個說法因為我並沒有加入那一個就是想像共同體而共同維繫當中所以那個意義就會變成是一個空的或者是一個虛的這種東西那我盡量不花時間在這個上面好但是我同意現在跟台積電成立的年代已經差很多了台積電還是非常的重要那但是在台灣我們就是有更多的社會的問題要解決很多的社會問題也不是靠技術就能夠解決的這些都是真的那但是要怎麼樣子去跟社會做對話要怎麼樣讓大家的工作裡面跟社會對話的過程更順暢然後更能夠發揮意義或者是internal一個能夠發揮意義那真的就是要大家一起來創造的我未來如果來公園上班的話應該會有很多想法但是現在因為就是沒有參加各位的日常工作所以不會回答這個問題請問財團法人該如何避免落入予民爭力之險這沒有辦法避免這不可能他的存在本身就是有我們就是說cross sectoral就是他本來就是一個公部門的邊界跟四部門的邊界稍微模糊了一點點的一個中介地帶那這個中間地帶不管之前是財團法人現在還有行政法人等等其實都是類似的一個狀況就是說大家覺得公部門裡面的那個樹狀的那個hierarchy的那個文化對於創新可能真的不是很有力可是你一下子就完全變成private sector只是為了自己賺錢又不能真正解決公共的問題所以在這個中間出現了一些財團法人或者一些行政法人來既能夠照顧到公共的需求但是又有更好的彈性跟永續性我覺得這是一個很好的概念那我自己在院裡面的業務是社會企業所以我剛剛講的那個形容其實也符合社會企業就是說從一個方面來講它是為了解決社會問題但是要能夠養得活自己從另外一方面來講是說它要賺錢它賺錢的方法是解決社會問題這兩個定義都可以用所以我們也可以說就是台灣的這些大法人就可能就是非常非常大的社會企業他已經長到就是非常非常大了那台灣大部分的新創當然是一些微小的社會企業所以就跟當然我們延伸這個想法就是你要怎麼變成不是語名真理最簡單的方式就是我們社會企業會算一個叫做SROI什麼是SROI就是社會Social Return of Investment就是說你可以解決這個社會問題你可以直接去捐錢你捐這個1塊錢那你可以解決1塊錢的社會問題可是如果你來投資我這個社會企業你投資1塊錢我可以幫你解決相當於你捐3塊錢的社會問題那這個時候我的存在就有意義那如果你現在這邊投1塊錢進去我只能解決半塊錢的社會問題那你不如去捐錢給這個慈善團體直接捐給災民說不定都比較有幫助因為大部分被我吞掉了這樣所以我的意思是說這些東西它還是可以量化的它不是不能量化只是你要找出能夠說服社會它中的量化方式那這個時候你就可以說對我確實是語名真理1塊錢的利可是我在這中間創造了更大的可能30塊300塊的利那這樣子的話這個論述我覺得大部分人就可以接受但這當然還是要就是有跟社會對話過程裡面產生的不是就是自己挑一些然後就湊出來的數字這樣子有一位朋友說他怎麼跟智商90人溝通我這邊先講一下我身高是180啦我智商真的不是100吧那是就俄傳就是那個我們知道在那個太空總數之前有單位算錯嘛單位算錯就會造成這個很大的誤解所以那個單位是公分那成人的智商我也是智力測驗到160就沒有辦法再測上去了那它的效度就到這裡而已所以我不知道我智商多少這是真的那在某一個程度上面來講其實我很常說一句話就是你在做那些智力測驗的時候如果你可以拿著手機去上面該灌的APP有灌的話任何人都破表而且一定破表的程度都一樣因為他考的就是你能不能夠正備一些東西倒備一些東西在三位裡面做旋轉然後或者一些嘗試題維基百科上都有嘛等等就是說你只要有再一個可以上手機去所有人的智商都一樣都是破表然後根本沒有差別所以我要講的是說可能有行動通訊或是有這麼快的網路之前也許智商還有一點意義就是我這個Processor他retain多少了然後computer速度可能怎麼樣但是有了這個之後根本沒有差別就是任何人的智商多少都不是重點重點是你收到要解決問題或者要處理的東西的時候怎麼樣有效地去結合有類似秩序的人然後這個溝通的 bandwidth是不是雙向的是不是夠好的 quality而不是只是單向等等那任何就是這樣子結合起來的人都會比任何單一的個人的智商要好非常多因為他們有正確的 perspective或有正確的 point of view那有一句就是西古也很常聽到的話就是說一個 point of view就只20個智商點數就是說因為當你考慮到越多人的看的角度的時候你就越不容易就鑽某個牛角尖然後就卡住那才能夠真的溝通真的解決社會問題所以具體回答這個我怎麼溝通就是希望大家多用這種協作的工具來溝通它可以是便利貼它可以是白板但是它也可以是這種電子的工具那任何人只要進入這樣子一個這樣的地方它就是磊家式的就是 additive就是說任何人的貢獻它是不會取消到其他人的貢獻那在這樣的情況之下其實智商多少真的完全不是重點我已經覺得智商成年人的智商沒有意義是非常非常久了我是否可以預測一下十年之後的臺灣臺灣會這個就是我怎麼已經知道我要講什麼臺灣會這個不斷向上仰望星空十年之後就是會大概50公分不比現在高50公分事實上是這樣每年升高5公分就是說因為臺灣對我來講是一個地址概念臺灣對我來講不是什麼別的概念所以在這樣的情況下就是臺灣存在已經400萬年了人類都還沒有來這邊這麼久那人類走的時候臺灣還在所以我的意思是說我在想臺灣的時候都是在想這整個島嶼這整個ecosystem然後不是說創業的ecosystem包含創業的ecosystem就是整個biosphere然後整個反正這個島上發生任何事情那用這種尺度看的時候其實很多東西就就比較清楚因為因為到十年之後100萬年之後什麼東西之後確實還是有一些東西會留下來對不對如果你真的把這個整個島炸掉了就沒有這個島了所以儘可能不要做這一類的事情但是還有就是說我們怎麼樣去做一些我們都不在這邊之後對於未來的可能是人類可能是別的跟機器結合過的物種還有意義的貢獻那這個東西是我比較關心的所以這個島可能就是一個舞台讓這些東西發生那我們只要不要破壞它的生物多樣性或它的氣候到最後沒有辦法居住就是生物沒有辦法居住不是只是說人類那我覺得這個東西它就是一個過程但是應該是會繼續升高政策旅業精神是如何公演院有許多的單位擔任政府組織的幕僚因此有許多草擬政策或法規的公防血淚的過程政策的履歷要開放到什麼程度確實我給所有與會的人十天的時間編輯逐字稿的原因就是因為希望他們自己決定要開放到什麼程度有的那這裡面真的看他的編輯記錄是非常非常有意思的事情就是說你事後誰想要把責任推掉誰想要血淚的過程只要看逐字稿的編輯記錄我們有個replay的功能就會看到每個人的游標然後大家多改了哪個字什麼之類的但是因為與會的任何別人也都會看到所以你也沒有辦法改到太離譜所以就那個那個非常有意思但是我要講的是說這個東西的目的不是在我們就是說暴力式的透明不是說什麼東西莫名其妙都直播那個對大家都沒有幫助因為它不是在一個有呼吸的情況下它的目的是雖然我們在工房炒的要命但是我回去可能睡覺醒來心情比較好了看逐字稿的時候我可以看到當時我因為急著吵架而沒有聽到對方的那個發言它裡面真的也許還是有一些有意義的成分我們還是可以找出一些意中求同的東西所以我們也有就是說炒得很兇的會議但是回去大家看逐字稿然後各自補資料有的甚至脫過了十個工作天弄完之後大家就會覺得我可以體諒你的感受所以我還是願意多承擔一些之類就是說它有一段buffer那這段buffer可以讓這個人性中比較好的部分可以有機會服上來因為不然的話常常就是開會你就是覺得說你這次講話就最後一次了那如果你這次不講長官就才是了長官嘗試就完了這樣子的情況下當然大家都會用比較就是交土政策來處理事情但是我一方面說我從來不做什麼才是我就是幫助大家達到一個就是共同的認識那如果沒有達到的話我們就繼續開會我雖然很討厭開會但是我願意開到一直到大家有共識為止那所以這樣子其實就逃不掉就是說如果真的沒有他的公司那只好下個禮拜再來下禮拜再來那其實大家也都很討厭開會所以其實到這個程度上面大家就會發現說如果真的能夠花時間在說服彼此以及可能說服不特定的看到這個過程的網友大家到最後還是可以求出一些不滿意但可接受的東西來那這裡就是要跟那個不滿意的感覺共處那逐字稿就是看不到那個表情啊什麼橫肉啊清津啊那種表情的時候真的比較容易跟你不同的觀點相處所以開放到什麼程度完全是由實際參與事務的同仁們決定的想請問對於亞洲細骨的看法可行性或者意義跟價值這個是我入格的原因就是這四個字連在一起寫的時候所有人都把亞洲看成是形容詞然後呢英文呢那個外電出去就是Asian Silicon Valley就是亞洲的細骨那然後呢新創圈呢就一片看壞為什麼呢因為如果有人說他是好比方說新竹京城屋但是你很喜歡京城屋你就會對那個人很不爽OK那我們都是我是在細骨的創業然後也在細骨這個也有帶過公司很多新創圈朋友都跟細骨有千絲萬縷的關係所以看到亞洲細骨的時候就是跟看到新竹京城屋是一樣的感受就說你怎麼膽敢用這兩個字喔這樣好那所以那這樣的情況下不管他政策寫的多有意義多有價值還沒有用他一開始感受就已經壞掉了好那所以我當時的一個具體的建議就是在亞洲跟細骨中間講一個點嘛那個點念成連結所以就是亞洲連結細骨然後勸明什麼連結亞洲連結細骨創新台灣嘛對不對那所以在這樣的情況下突然之間他感受都好很多因為我們沒有要取代細骨我們只是說我們要連結新竹跟京城屋這個沒有什麼問題嗎我們要請京城屋來新竹這是有什麼問題呢沒有問題嘛好那我們既不是說這個新竹都要養出一堆京城屋我們也不是說要京城屋永遠的搬來新竹沒有嘛只是把這兩個中間關係弄好一點好那在這樣的情況之下他就比較容易接受尤其是呢就是其他的亞洲國家的朋友我們在外交上也比較容易接受因為細骨它確實是有獨佔性的brand好像你就是全亞洲最好的那個才能叫做細骨我也不知道為什麼但是大家有這種競爭性的想法但我們現在說不是喔我們是幫亞洲的所有國家不管是我們發展上面處於相對的價值鏈的哪裡我們都要連結起來而且要一起跟細骨有所連結這些這個連結是雙向的然後突然之間大家都覺得滿有意義的那所以這裡的重點就是說這個意義我們現在是講得很明白是說要跟亞洲的其他的價值鏈商的夥伴以及跟細骨的朋友們不管在法規上在資金上的人才上一起創造就是我剛剛那個一起創造意義的那個概念而不是像本來的那個講法很容易讓人覺得是非常的中二就是說我都不需要你們我自己就是亞洲我自己就是細骨這樣子那這個當然這個就是在國際上感覺是滿中二的那所以在這種情況下就是把它重新加以定義那但是其實你去看政策的內容並沒有哪一個政策或哪一個計畫實際邊境區的時候是說我們要取代細骨我們要變成亞洲什麼杜巴的什麼都沒有完全沒有它在做的事情就是非常本格的就是IoT的產業開發就是資金跟人才跟法規的連結就是該做的事情把它編起來這樣子它只是那個標籤真的是取得不太好那所以在當時就是做了一個重新定義它本身的可行性如果你實際去看它的計畫本身的話其實我覺得還滿好的它裡面真的沒有哪一個部分是我要炒這個地方的房價或者是說我要去騙誰的投資什麼之類都沒有它做的事情是一些非常基本的技術然後以及法規以及人才的這種連結跟開發請問技術的成長歷程要如何訓練小朋友們從智商有關未來能夠像您一樣高乾就是真的要真的要給他們手機真的就是要給他們手機可能要就是教他們上網然後有的手機又可以上網之後真的就跟我智商就一樣了所以這非常非常容易的這個小朋友們現在幾乎不用學就會使用大家要學的是怎麼樣把這個網路跟實體的世界有意義的整合對不對好 那我技術上面的成長歷程其實也還滿多元的因為我當時想要就是做資訊社會學就發現說其實在做的就是從哲學方面做從社會學從經濟從哲學從各個不同學門都有人在做這個題目而且大家用的字一樣意思還不一樣所以就我花了非常非常多的時間去搞清楚同一個字Network在各個不同學門裡面到底給它什麼不同的意思這些意思到底有沒有任何重疊的地方到底學門之間是否有可能這樣子那當然就是當時很多哲學老師政大哲學所有給了我非常多的幫助就是讓我搞清楚說人類在用語言的時候到底是在幹嘛所以這裡面的技術我覺得很多更多的是人跟人之間怎麼樣溝通的技術有一些東西是電腦可以輔助的像如果沒有slide我現在要手動把大家的問題用傳小指條傳posted貼在這邊然後用擺板做收納那個也做得到我也受過這個訓練可是第一個我手手會痠然後第二個兩個小時之後我能夠回答的問題可能是這個的五分之一左右所以就是說它真的自動化真的可以讓我們比較有效率但是不表示說我們只要自動化就好了自動化什麼的那個什麼是我們要提供給這個技術的同樣的這個技術你要怎麼樣去運用你還是要回到說你沒有這個技術只有上一代的技術的時候你覺得怎麼樣的互動模式是好的然後你要求下一代的技術把它做到更好或者把它做到更有效率就是說下一代的技術上什麼東西變得更容易更方便然後我們整個社會就調適然後來幫這個技術作家這個東西其實是非常危險的因為他就是在講說我們透過技術外推你上一代技術喜歡這個那你這個技術出來可以五倍那你喜歡這個一定是這個的五倍的量今年不是說五倍嗎那在這樣的情況下這個東西其實很多時候這個量到五倍的時候人是不開心的沒有辦法接受的就變成一種成癮性的而不是一種這個有效的溝通等等所以當我們技術很容易做到更好 更快 更大的時候還是要回來想說我們要跟技術要求什麼那所以這個是我自己的成長歷程就是先搞清楚說我想要用什麼方式跟人對應那對面包含很多我不做的事情剛剛在回答問題的過程中大家應該有些感受所以就是說我不會因為技術讓這些事情變得很容易所以我就莫名其妙就去做了而是說這個技術的價值然後我是每一代新的技術出來的時候是問說這些技術對這些價值可以有什麼幫助我們還有十分鐘三四歲退休看似是多數人都很難做到的事情請問如何決定要退休退休的定義是什麼退休的基本要素是什麼我退休其實不是因為我有一筆很多的存款然後銀行利率很高然後我就可以每個月領退休解我退休是因為我工作的那三個公司就是Social Text蘋果然後跟Uxford University Press牛津大學出版社這三個他們都跟我簽了一個很奇怪的顧問合約大致的意思就是說我可以調我做什麼就做什麼然後我做的東西都是開放緣碼的就是in principle開放緣碼或我自己可以決定要不要開放緣碼然後不管我做多少他們各自每個月都給我二十幾萬所以這個東西它其實不能說是退休它比較是一種就是senior researcher或一個retainer這樣子的一個職位那但是原因是因為我在開放緣碼社群做的事情這三家團體都覺得說他們不管怎樣一定用得到然後他們想要成為第一批知道怎麼用的人然後希望我帶他們的年輕人怎麼去用我帶了好多批了所以在這樣子的情況下其實這樣的狀況在開放緣碼的自由軟體社群裡面是非常常見的你如果對比如說 Linux kernel有一個程度的貢獻的話你到全世界都是這樣子的狀況就是說是大家會願意你過得好好的然後只是做你愛做的事情但是他們只要求一個就是你做出來的時候他們第一個知道就這樣子但他們不反對你跟別人分享所以這樣子的情況下我雖然說是退休但是並不是沒有在做創造而是說我做創造的方向不是由任何特定的團體來指定所以我33歲大概是這個情況那當然入格之後就剩可能三分之一的薪水所以在這樣的情況下就是說我決定要退休的原因也是因為我後來就發現說我真的只有在做自己感興趣的研究題目的時候我才有創造力我做任何其他別的就是別的公司指定的題目我就做的普通號而已也沒有比一般的矽谷的工程市號那這樣的話我領非常高的薪水我也覺得滿浪費投資人的錢說真的所以在這樣的情況下就是我更願意去做這些公司跟社群終極的橋樑那就很像我現在在做政府跟就是人民之間的通道這樣子的一個概念所以差不多是這樣子那所以這個基本要素還是要你要達到一個一個夠穩定的一個社群而這個社群都覺得說你的貢獻對這個社群的每一個人幾乎都有幫助或至少無害那大家很願意來支持你那在這樣的情況下我覺得就可以算是一種退休的一種方法這樣子網路是國際的市場請問就業力第一政府是否有這個東西剛剛已經回答過了對不起我們挑過一下沒有破壞就沒有創新沒有犧牲就沒有勝利相較於國外台灣的創業風氣相對保守請問政府有何解決方案其實我覺得最需要破壞的就是那個面子問題你知道還有面子問題基本上是不可能創新的因為面子就是一個人對自己的一個形象的一個固著的概念那創新它某一個程度要破壞的就是之前都沒有人做過那沒有人做過就包含沒有你做過所以你只要對自己的那個形象還停留在你之前做的什麼事情基本上很難做出很radical的創新大部分就是在既有的軌道上面把它做得更有效率而已並不是說這樣有什麼不好但是就是比較不是創業需要的那種創新所以政府當然我們沒有辦法去告訴大家說這個面子問題不重要然後我們不可能總統令這個就解決這個問題是不可能的但是我們可以在教育的過程裡面解決這個問題那我在入國前是就是107克剛雖然現在要108才能夠上路了但是107克剛的科發會的委員那我們在做107克剛的時候的想法就是說因為他現在在國小一年級我們不知道他高三出去的時候到底那個產業變怎麼樣完全沒有辦法預測所以我們能夠教他的其實就只有他要自己怎麼樣學習的那個自發他要怎麼跟別人溝通來彌補每個人的特殊能力的不足的那個溝通然後以及在過程之中創造讓大家都受益而不是讓一小部分人受益那個共好的精神那這三個都超級抽象可是呢這個東西才是需要國民教育做的事情就是你要老師用深教的方式一直陪小孩而不是灌輸小孩什麼一直陪到他能夠長出他想要解決的問題或他想要做的題目為止那這個東西在失陪上面其實是非常非常有挑戰的我們花了非常多時間在這個上面但是我們相當程度相信尤其是因為台灣的合法的實驗教育的關係在實驗教育我們累積了一些經驗我們相信說這樣子成長出來的小孩他比較不會有莫名其妙要跟別人競爭比較不會把相對地位當做重要的事情而實際上忽略自己的絕對幸福那就是說他比較願意去創造一些地球上面有看過的東西因為他的成長過程中從他七歲開始就是被鼓勵做出這樣子跟別人都不一樣的東西來而不是跟別人都一樣的東西來那我覺得這個才是製本的方法那但是我現在當然已經不再看發會了但是我是很希望說這個東西能夠不但如期上路而且我們之前規劃的那些失陪可以真的做出來因為除此之外我真的沒有任何別的方法來改變這種比較是文化的東西台灣如何將軟硬的能力做整合資訊管理與法規如何在眾多大平台裡面合理開放去管理這是非常好的問題法規的這個部分其實是比較容易解決的因為我們之前在做法規調適的時候其實已經有累積出相當多的就是怎麼樣才是一個法規調適的良好的process的一個經驗這個是在有眾影平台之前我們幾個就是GDV的臨時政府的朋友們做出來的一個算是實驗性質的平台現在還在營運V台灣點TW那這裡面就可以看到我們之前用這種比較是開放擴大徵詢的方式然後又能夠熟練成共識的方式到底調出哪些法規來那這個之前是蔡宇霖老師在哈士政委的時候做的事情那當時我就是在外面就是以一個ProBono的這個身份做一些技術上的資源那現在就是我們就角色互換他用ProBono的方式繼續做一些法律上面的資源但是基本上是一樣的一個運作的一個模型所以如果對這個東西有興趣的話是可以到V台灣點TW看一下我們之前工作的一些方法所以法規調適其實是相對容易的就是說我們大概知道說我們的法規調適的過程裡怎麼納入利益關係的聲音中間我們怎麼樣試做幾次然後讓學者以及各界意見能夠平衡我們現在也開始把這個東西Scale到更多的向數位同學傳播相關的法律來但是這個東西它解決的是法規不合時宜的這個部分但是它並沒有積極性的要把現有的軟體跟硬體加以整合的這個部分這一部分我覺得還是要透過就是鼓勵各種產業創新來做那這裡的重點不是創新產業創新產業大家都會講這個隨便就可以做出一百個來但是產業創新是說你已經有一套工作方法但是你願意藉由帶來一些技術像現在最紅的就是機器學習把機器學習帶進來然後看或什麼別的東西帶進來然後看說有哪些本來在工作過程裡面習以為常的東西可以因為帶進這個東西而有完全不同的製作方法或者是討論方法像我們在公部門裡面我們自己也在Try說我們如果像剛剛那個竹字稿它如果現在可以用機器學習來產出人只需要做Editing或者是說像中間的很多主持的技術或者是很多語意分析的這些東西哪些是我們重複的任何人來做結果都一樣的我們可以引入更多的機器學習來把這些熔工拿掉大家早一點下班才會有時間去做人類才能做的事情就是價值上面的判斷那這個東西我覺得是整合的一個關鍵就是軟體它還是要用來解決我們目前的Workflow的裡面的問題而不是說為了做軟體做軟體我自己在創業以及工作過程裡面一向都是做軟體都是為了省錢或者是省時間我很少為了賺錢或者賺時間那不可能來開發軟體所以我對軟體的想像一直都是這樣就是說有沒有省錢省時間的方法然後讓大家更做一些人才能夠做的事情而不要做一些機器才能做的事好現在還有30秒所以這個有一位糖粉他底下問說我的PTTID我PTTID是AudreyTownA-U-D-R-E-Y-T-A-N-G好 OK那但是我就是入格之後就沒有再加好友的習慣了可能要等我換下一份工作才能夠加好友對但是就是很歡迎在PTT上面用站內心或者用什麼其他的方式然後我在臉書有兩個帳號有一個Building公務帳號有一朵玫瑰花這是私人帳號那就歡迎大家優勢美食這個可以可以來閒聊那最後就是如果有任何follow-up想問我的問題可以到ask.ptis.taiwan那它會展開到我們PTTIS的一個forum的一個平台裡面那我的要求只是說這個問題是公開問的那它的回答也必須要用CCSO全讓其他人都可以回答所以這是一個常見問打擊的方法所以今天就是說雖然還有60個問題速的這個回答有些根本不是問題是亂告白的那但是就是說也很歡迎就是在我們discourse這個平台上面再繼續我們的對話那今天就先到這邊謝謝大家非常謝謝唐鳳姐的演講以及回應我們主辦單位我們有準備理評總部要是有一個理評那個我想今天大家聽唐鳳的演講一定是一巴不能可是我想這個因為時間關係那我們還是在這個禮拜必須暫時告一段落但是以後我們希望有機會我們再多多邀請唐鳳來我們這裡演講尤其是我做政委做類的話我們其實公園有很多缺而且我們也知道你已經退休了其實對薪水要求並不高我們提供也不多我們當然有一個紀念品要送給您這是一個喇叭謝謝跟要照相是不是到中間喇叭還要照相等一下解釋一下我解釋一下為什麼要送喇叭我在想說為什麼要送唐鳳喇叭因為我們知道政委要上立法院去但是他不用備群還是坐在那裡蠻無聊的所以我就送你一個喇叭沒事就打開聽聽音樂而且政中政委當我們董事長一當很久我們都沒有送他喇叭所以麻煩你一定要開大一點可以一起聽我們是不是謝謝再次熱烈的掌聲謝謝

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Negroni | The Spruce Eats #SHORTS

The Spruce Eats is packed with delicious recipes that work, cooking videos that show you exactly what to do, and actionable tips from both professional chefs and experienced home cooks. Our 20-year-strong library of more than 25,000 in-depth articles and recipes covers a variety of topics and cuisines, from classic French dishes to your favorite comfort foods. Whether you’re looking to master a cooking technique, upgrade your kitchen gear, or simply figure out what to make for dinner, the team at Spruce Eats is here to help! Follow us on social for your daily dose of delicious! https://www.instagram.com/thespruceea... #CocktailRecipes #ClassicCocktails #Negroni #Shorts

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We are going to be making a Negroni, probably the most famous three ingredient cocktail. So let's start off with our sweet vermouth. And we're gonna do one ounce, one ounce of Campari. This one is a special kind of Old Tom Gin because they sweeten it with honey. But then on top of that, they age it in a wooden barrel. So we're gonna do one and a quarter ounce. Just a little extra. The only thing we need now is to temper it. If you don't have a big ice rock, you could just fill up your glass with ice. And we need to stir it for 10 seconds. Every Negroni deserves an orange slice because if this gets a little too strong for you from the bitterness, you could always take your orange slice and chew on it. And ideally you wanna lay that right on side of the glass. Perfect, nicely balanced, nice balance of bitter, nice balance of sweet, nice balance of gin.

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MCMA Earle Shettleworth Lecture on Thomas Sparrow

Maine Historian Earle Shettleworth talks about the work of Portland architect Thomas Sparrow at this Maine Charitable Mechanic Association lecture

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Good evening ladies and gentlemen. Thank you so much for being here. We are very excited to have this room full of people coming to your Earl Shuttleworth. Do what will, as it always is, be an amazing lecture. So welcome to the ballroom at Canucks Hall. How many people are in this room for the first time tonight? Yes! So please come back over and over again. My name is Pam Plum. I'm president of the Board of Directors here at Maine Charitable Mechanic Association. The builder and continuous owner of Mechanics Hall, and we are very excited to have Earl here, our preeminent architectural historian in the state of Maine, and by the way, an advisory board member for Maine Charitable Mechanic Association. And we are putting this on and Earl has offered this to us so that we could put it on so that we could begin a campaign to raise $50,000 to support our first ever Executive Director. First ever since 1815 Executive Director. And it's really a critical thing to help us make the next steps forward in our organization to continue the restoration of the hall and to provide sort of operational stability for the organization, which has been all volunteer run up to this point. Tonight we have, although there are a few seats empty still, a sold out event. And that is thanks to our many sponsors who were here this evening, to whom we're very grateful, our patrons that are here tonight and our attendees. Thank you all for making this evening such a success. I particularly want to thank our event chairs, Paul and Dotto Stevens, who are right here, who have taken this on. They deserve all of that. They have done a spectacular job. This event has been more successful than we ever dreamed it could be, thanks to that energy and to the whole committee. And the committee, by the way, is listed in your program. And I recommend all of those folks for a big thank you. We also want to thank our sponsors, our patrons, and our community support people who have community organizations that have helped us promote this. And those are also listed in your program. So there'll be a test at the end to see if you can remember all of these people. So I'm really going to ask, it's my great pleasure to ask Paul Stevens, who ran this whole show, to put it all together, to come and introduce Earl. He has known Earl even longer than I have known Earl, and I think he's the perfect person to do it. I had the pleasure of meeting Paul at the very beginning of our time in Portland when I went to work for Greater Portland Landmarks and Paul was already up to his eyeballs in Greater Portland Landmarks and actually had the courage to buy for his own home the house right next door to the Howe House, which was considered a pioneers effort at the time that Landmarks bought that building. So Paul, the floor is yours. Thanks, Pam. I couldn't have done this without an awful lot of support from a lot of the people in this room. Many of my friends and, all right, thank you, Frazier. Another volunteer we couldn't have done without Frazier, but it's really a pleasure to see all of my friends and colleagues here tonight who helped us support this organization. I'm going to do something a little different tonight because I've introduced Earl so many times. And this is kind of, you know, one of those things that usually begins, this person needs no introduction. And so I guess the first question I would ask is how many of you here know Earl Shelterworth and how many know a little bit about him? Well, that's almost everybody. So what I could stop here, but let's see how much you know. So who knows where he graduated from high school in 1966? Speak up. Dearing high school. That's correct. And this is a harder question. Who was his favorite teacher and his history mentor in high school? Dale, Elizabeth Ring, you're absolutely right, Dale. So also, did you know that he's a graduate of Colby, has a master's from BU, an honorary degree from Bowdoin, and an honorary degree from Mecca, right across the street. He gave his first lecture in 1964 to the Portland College Club at Mrs. Edith Sills House on Bowdoin Street. So that was quite a long time ago, given the fact that he graduated from high school in 1966. So, but, so now who can guess how many lectures Earl has given since? Let's try and see if anybody can come up with that number. Anybody want to guess, Pam? 2000 plus? Anybody else? 2500? Going once? Going twice? Okay, I think I have it on fairly good knowledge that tonight is 2002. These lectures were almost all in addition to his job as the State Historic Preservation Officer and the Director of the Main Historic Preservation Commission, offices which he held for over 40 years and he's still the State Historian. That's longer than any other State Director has served in the country. Do you know how many buildings were nominated to the National Historic Register during his tenure? All right, anybody else? That's a pretty low number. Anybody else going to come up with a number? You guys are all way, way short. 1600. That is a lot of buildings on the National Historic Register and this is a really easy one. What well-known preservation organization did he help found? And that was when he was in high school. So what famous main architect does he know more about than any other person? You're right, John Calvin Stevens. And you may not know that he was a good friend of my dad and co-authored a book on my great grandfather, one of many, many books that Earl has written. So it's a real pleasure to introduce Earl, who's been my friend since we first shared a podium speaking to students at King Middle School in 1966. I was astonished at how much more he knew about Portland architecture than I did because I thought I was pretty smart because I was fairly, fairly new out of college. But over these years, how many long time, he has been my go-to person for his knowledge of main historic buildings throughout my architectural career. And it gives me a great deal of pleasure to introduce my friend, Earl. Well, thank you very much both Pam and Paul. And I really want to thank you both as well as Dodo Stevens. And also David Clough, who is here tonight, photographer from the Rockland area who actually donated many of the wonderful period, new current photographs as opposed to period photographs in the talk tonight. I just have a couple caveats. One, if you just check your cell phones, you know you do this now every time you go to the movie theater, just to make sure that they're off. If you were before a legislative committee in Augusta, it would be a five dollar fine if your cell phone went off during the hearing. And you know, I'm sure that the main child mechanics would be glad to make a little side money tonight on your transgressions. But it would be nice not to have your phone go off. Secondly, I'm just going to ask that everyone hold any questions or comments that you have until after the lecture. And then I'm happy to take a few minutes to try and answer any questions that you have. So we'll get started. So tonight as advertised, we're going to be concentrating on Thomas J. Sparrow. Thomas J. Sparrow is not your household main or Portland architect, but he is a very important figure in both main and Portland architecture in that as far as Portland is concerned, he's probably the first person who actually declared himself to be a full time architect. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, it was common that the buildings that were being built were both designed and constructed by a master. And in fact, with someone as talented as Alexander Parris during his brief period in Portland in the early 1800s, he was always both a designer and a house right as well. He built the buildings that he designed. However, beginning in the second quarter of the 19th century, you have the emergence of the American architectural profession. And this makes its way to Maine with Bangor in the 1830s, the great boom town of the lumber industry with a man named Charles G. Bryant and another named Charles H. Pond. And then about 1840, we have in Portland our first full-time architect. And in the midst of his long career, he worked about 25 years here in Portland, he designs the Mechanics Hall and becomes a very important factor in the organization. So in any case, this is really the premise that we work under tonight. I want to just go into a little bit of the background of the Cheryl Mechanics before we start, and I'll touch on this as we go through. Some have already alluded to the fact that this is a very old organization. It was founded in 1815, five years before Maine Statehood, and it could very well be one of the oldest, if not the oldest, continuous organizations in Maine today. The organization was created at a time when there was really no safety net, and the concern was that mechanics, mechanics of all kinds, whether you were making barrels or whether you were carving fenestration or whatever you were doing in the field on a day-to-day basis, you had nothing to fall back on. And if something happened, so you died, so you were injured on the job, and one of the main purposes of the mechanics was to provide that organizational, fraternal safety net for its members. Another very important goal from the very beginning was education, and that's still very much a part of what we do here today, and that is from the very early days there was an apprentice library, the opportunity when there weren't public libraries for young men to read books on their particular trade and gain in knowledge and gain in skill and accruity, and that was another great purpose. A third purpose really was to just bring people together, and this was really why the hall was created between 1857 and 1859. It was very popular in the 19th century for organizations, particularly fraternal organizations like the Masons or the Odd Fellows or whatever, to create a meeting hall so that there was a place to gather and a place to exchange ideas and a place to enjoy entertainment. And what we have to remember about this building is that in 1859 when it opened, there was no radio, there was no television, there were no movies, there was no internet, there was no Twitter or anything, and so it was very common for people to create these beautiful big halls for various entertainments, for plays, for traveling shows, for lectures, and whatever. And they're very rare today, and this is what makes the hall that we're in today so special because it's a rare survivor of that 19th century phenomenon of the meeting hall. So these are just three basic precepts of the organization. So now let's turn to Thomas J. Sparrow who we've been looking at here, this very earnest gentleman. The original photograph for this is on the landing, the staircase landing. And he was born in Portland in 1805, son of Jonathan and Eleanor Sparrow. His father was a woodturner. Between 1831 and the mid-1830s, young Thomas was involved in manufacturing organs. By 1837 he had become a joiner, that is a tradesman specializing in interior finish. In 1838 his name appears in a list of workmen on the Great Merchants Exchange, and we'll see that building in a moment. And by 1841 he lists himself in the Portland Directory as an architect. We believe that probably he staked that territory out about a year before. And for the next 25 years he is one of the major architects in Portland. During the Great Fire of July 4th, 1866, he lost the contents of his architectural office. So we have virtually no architectural plans or office records surviving. And this was not unusual. Francis Fassett and George M. Harding and other architects lost their offices as well. He however resumed his practice with the help of a young assistant. But by July 1867 he had suffered a stroke and went to live with his brother William in Brownville up in Northern Maine, where he died in 1870. When word of his death reached Portland, the flag on this building, Mechanics Hall, was lowered to half-mast in his honor. And he was buried in the family plot in Stroudwater. So we're looking first at Portland from Cape Elizabeth in 1832. 1832 is an important year for Portland because it's the year that it becomes the first incorporated city in Maine. Two years later, 1834, Bangor joins Portland. The population is about 12,500. And this is the wonderful fold-out lithographic plate looking from what is now South Portland to Portland from the first edition of William Willis' history. And this is the period when Thomas J. Sparrow first enters the workforce. And we first find his name first as a wood, pardon me, as a maker of organs and then as a joiner. Now we're looking at what is probably the earliest photograph of Portland. This is a view of Middle Street, looking down Middle Street, about 1844, taken by the local photographer George M. Howe. This is a daguerreotype owned by Maine Historical. And you can see that Portland, this was Main Street, Portland. And what a modest group of buildings this is. These little brick and wooden shops, old houses that were built just after the revolution and even one or two had survived the fire that occurred at the time of the revolution. But looming over this entire view is this massive granite Greek revival building called the Merchants Exchange. This was designed by Richard Bond from Boston, and it was probably one of the most ambitious Greek revival public buildings built in New England in the 1830s and 40s. And we find in the records that Thomas J. Sparrow was a workman on this project. This building had a very short life. It was burned in 1854 and in fact nothing in this photograph survived the great fire of 1866. So this is totally removing the veil of time and looking back at a view of everything that is gone. Now we move to 1855 in contrast to the view of 1832 of Portland. And we now find that Portland has increased in population to 27,500. Not a little bit in thanks to a fairly sizable Irish immigration in the 1840s and 50s. This is the great Smith Brothers view of Portland again from what is now South Portland with the ship launching in the foreground. And you can see already the peninsula is becoming very well developed and very populous. This is the city 11 years before the center of the city is destroyed by the great fire. That this is the city in which Thomas J. Sparrow does most of his work in the 1840s, 50s, and 60s. The earliest building that we know by him is this rather fascinating double house that he designed for William and John Sparrow, his brothers, at Winter and Pine Streets built in 1849. And it has a rather gothic touch to it with the very peaked gables on the facade. It's a house which is interesting both architecturally and also both brothers were engineers at the Portland Company, which was a brand new organization created in the mid-1840s to build the steam engines and the rolling stock for what became the Grand Trunk Railway, the great connection between Portland and Montreal. And it was a great economic driver for decades in Portland's life. And so you find that Sparrow's two brothers are engineers at the Portland Company. And then about five years later, William H. Stevenson builds a similar double house at State and Spring Streets, 1854. He is a cashier in the Mechanics Bank. This building is like the one we showed a few moments ago, still very much with us. And it basically is the same plan, the same form as the William and John Sparrow house, but it's a little more elaborate, a little larger in scale. And it's very eclectic. There's Greek Revival trim on the windows. There's Italianate trim on the corners. And there's a very gothic peak to the roof. And here is that building today. And relatively recently it's been restored and it's looking very well. Now, in addition to houses in Portland, we're looking at houses first in our talk, he also worked outside of the city. And again, because of the lack of records, we don't know a lot of what he did. But we do have a very clear record on this beautiful two-and-a-half-story house in Yarmouth, the Captain Reuben Merrill house of 1858. This is on West Main Street. Captain Reuben Merrill was a sea captain. Of course, Yarmouth had many sea captains, a very active port. And in 1858 the captain had crewed enough fortune to build this really quite splendid house. This is an early photograph of the house where you see the L and the barn, the barn no longer survives. And this is the house today. It's actually the headquarters of Main Preservation, very appropriately. And it remains in the family ownership. It's now in the fourth generation of the Merrill family. I would say that generally speaking, you'd characterize it as Italianate. The trim over the windows is maybe very simple, horizontal Greek revival. But the doorway is clearly Italianate with the brackets supporting the little balustrade. And there's that very pronounced overhang with the brackets that's characteristic of the Italianate. It's a beautiful house, still largely intact. In fact, if you visit Main Preservation offices today, you will find Captain Merrill and his wife staring down at you out of period portraits. So they've never really left. Now we're turning to churches that we know by Thomas J. Sparrow. And this is a long lost building. This is the Pine Street Methodist Church. If you go just one in from Pine Street, you'll find even today a kind of a little parking lot there. And this is where that church stood right at the beginning of Pine Street. Totally Greek revival in its style. Trim over the windows, the triangular pediment in the roof, the octagonal tower, all very characteristic. And in many ways, this reminds one of dozens, if not even more, little country churches all through Main built in the 1830s, 40s, and 50s. But here we find it in an urban setting by Thomas J. Sparrow. And this building lasted only till the 1870s. It was torn down and replaced by a brick building, which in turn was torn down. You'll see a very close similarity to the tower on the Pine Street Methodist Church, to the tower on the third congregational church, which is in the foreground. This is a photograph taken in 1865 from the City Hall tower. The City Hall at that time was where our City Hall is now, and we're looking up toward Manjoy Hill on the left, and we're looking out to the harbor on the right. And the church in the foreground, the third congregational church, was a remodeling project of Thomas J. Sparrow in 1847-48. It was destroyed in the Great Fire. Thomas J. Sparrow was apparently very much in demand for remodeling churches. Of course, the whole church culture was a very important force in America at the time. And here we're looking at St. Paul's Church of 182, an Episcopal Church that stood on Pearl Street. And this little building was designed by one of its parishioners, Dr. Shirley Ewing. In 1839, the St. Paul's Episcopal Parish merged into the St. Stephen's Parish, and St. Stephen's took ownership of the building. And then in 1856, they turned to Thomas J. Sparrow to greatly enlarge and remodel what was a lovely sort of classical little federal chapel into this very elaborate Gothic revival church. This is a painting of the church on Pearl Street. And here is a wood engraving of the church in the 1850s, a very elaborate façade. And I think you might say that this was kind of an Italian or a Lombardesque Gothic, because there's quite a bit of arches, arch motif used in the windows, but also the Gothic spires as well. And then amazingly, we have, for a building that was destroyed in the Great Fire, we have interior photographs of this building taken on Christmas Day in 1860. And we're looking toward the pulpit, and then we're looking toward the choir and the organ. So as with many of the buildings we've already encountered, Sparrow's work was destroyed in the Great Fire. And so in any case, this is a stereo view, you can get a sense of it from there, stereo view of what was left of the façade of that very elaborate St. Stephen's Church on Pearl Street. And then we're looking up again north toward Montjoy Hill, and you can see the profile of the observatory in the background. And this is a side view of the ruins of that building. So you can get a sense that all the side windows were all arched as well. It was really a major makeover of a much smaller, earlier building. Now we're going back to another early photograph of Middle Street before the Great Fire, and we're now merging into commercial buildings. The building, one in from the left, is the Barber Block, which is one of the first commercial buildings that we know that Sparrow designed. The Barber Block was built on Middle Street in 1851. This photograph dates from 1863, and it was built by a poor and Joe's who were merchants, and they also rented to a man named Furnal, who was a merchant tailor. What's particularly interesting about this building, there are two factors. One is that the first story is the first building in Portland to use a cast iron front. And there's a record that Mr. Joe's, who was a real estate developer, and Thomas Sparrow actually went to Portland, pardon me, to New York City to one of the great foundries there that was making cast iron fronts, and looked at their wares and ordered this front. And I have a feeling also that the gothic trim over the windows may be cast iron as well, the repeating trim, and then way up there on the top, you see that monitor. That monitor is really very similar in style to what you find on the roof of the Mechanics Hall. Here is a head-on view from an old wood engraving. It's off a billhead from Mr. Furnal, and the building actually has been quite simplified by the wood engraver. It doesn't have quite the elegance that it does in the old photograph, but you get a sense of it anyway. Another of the great buildings, commercial buildings that Thomas J. Sparrow was involved in was Muzzy's Row. This was built by John Muzzy, who was a merchant and real estate developer. He, by the way, was the father of Margot Jane Muzzy Sweat, who gave us the original Sweat gallery for the art museum. And in Muzzy's Row, which is this long building to the right, very similar in style to the Barber Block, cast iron front, these repeating gothic headers on the windows. And here we're looking up Middle Street, and in the background is the old City Hall, where the Soldiers' Monument is now, and even further over is just a glimpse of the old Preble House. This is a view from the 1850s. And again, both the Barber Block and the Muzzy Block were destroyed in a fire. But now, finally, mercifully, we get to two buildings that are still standing, commercial buildings, because Commercial Street was not destroyed in the Great Fire. Commercial Street, of course, was created by the city about 1850 as this grand scheme to rebuild the waterfront and make it ready for the railroad age, because what was happening was the Grand Trunk Railway was coming in from the north from Canada, and railroads were coming in from the south from Boston and Portsmouth. And so there needed to be a place for all of the goods, large warehouses needed to be built. And also, some of us are old enough to remember the railroad tracks in the street, in Commercial Street. And indeed, that was very much a part of it, is that the railroad cars, the freight cars would literally go along the street and empty their goods into these great warehouses. This is a view from the late 19th century, and it shows us two of Sparrow's warehouse buildings. The one on the left is the Brooks Block, and then just count over Brooks Block, the wooden building, the building from the 1880s, and then the molten block. The molten block is the other block by Sparrow on Commercial Street that survives today. It's entirely possible that he did some other of these great blocks, but we just don't have the documentation. Here's an old wooden graving of the Brooks Block. The Brooks Block was built in 1853. It was a very handsome building, very simple in many ways, continuing the Greek revival tradition, but with Italianate trim on the sides and this wonderful fenestration for a cornice in brickwork at the top of the building. And this is the 1924 Portland tax photograph of the building. It was still largely intact from 1853 when this photo was taken in 1924. And here is the building today, and this is, of course, what's happened to many of the buildings in the old port. There have been some additions as part of the reflection of the vitality of the old port and the growth of the old port, and so we have the Brooks Block at the left here with its quite recent contemporary addition. But look how handsome this is with the beautiful granite first story, the big openings, the granite coins on the corner, the fenestration for the cornice, and then shifting over to the far right of this photograph, we see the building we'll be looking at in a moment, the molten block. Here's a close-up of the Brooks Block. Now this is the molten block as it appeared originally. This is a circa 1900 photograph, and it's very interesting to see that before it had that major addition of several stories in the early 20th century that it had this lovely hip roof and this side triangular pediment. But in many ways it's the same theory as the Brooks Block with the first story done in granite, the granite coins on the corners, the fenestration is virtually identical. And here's the building today. As you see, it got a few additions in the early 20th century. Moving on to other commercial buildings, ones that do not survive. If we go, if we start at the right in this 1865 view of Middle Street, we start at the right, we then go to the building with the dormers, then go to the building with the arch windows, and then the big building next to that is the Evans Block from 1863, very handsome Italianate block with probably a sandstone or brownstone facade, as best we can tell from the old photographs. And there's another view of it, Italianate in feeling. And then we turn to the Sturtevant Block. We're standing at Middle and Exchange streets in 1865. At the right, where Post Office Park is now, is the custom house that replaced the merchants exchange. In the background is a city hall that stood only from about 1860 till it was destroyed in the fire. And then if you go up one, two, three, you can barely see it, but it's just sort of on it, just on the side, you can see the facade of the Sturtevant Block, which was designed by Sparrow about 1865. This is the same view about 10 years later after the rebuilding. And what we have is now the old Post Office at the right that took the place of the custom house, a new city hall on the site. And then if you go up just one building in from the building on the corner, you will see a new Sturtevant Block rebuilt after the fire in 1866. And this is the photograph of it today. And from all that we can gather, this building was a virtual duplicate of the building that Sparrow built for the Sturtevant family in 1865. And they liked it so much that and even though he lost his plans in the fire, he was able to just reconstruct virtually the same building for them. Now we turn to an interesting aspect of Thomas J. Sparrow's practice, one that we don't often think of in terms of architects, and that is cemetery monuments. But of course, architects have designed cemetery monuments and tombs all through history. And some of the great American architects of the 19th and early 20th century did tombs. Here we're looking at a very early photograph of the western cemetery. This is probably no later than 1860. The western cemetery was established around 1830 to take care of the overflow of the eastern cemetery. And by the time this photograph was taken 30 years later, it itself was overflowing. And already the city had established cemetery in South Portland for a city and evergreen what was then out in Westbrook. But here we have this wonderful early photograph from about 1860. And why I'm showing this to you is that one of the prominent monuments in the western cemetery, as early as that photograph, and if you look carefully you can pick it out, but even today with the western cemetery is the monument of master Henry Jackson. Master Henry Jackson was a school teacher who taught in a little school on the corner of Spring and Oak Streets for 25 years. He was beloved by his pupils. And when he died in 1850, they raised the money to erect the largest monument in western cemetery to him. Now how many teachers can you say of that? And it is there today. It's a classical obelisk with a very nice marble inscription, and then there's a carved inscription as well. And then at the other end of the city, the eastern cemetery was still being used into the late 19th century, although sparingly, is the monument for a minister. This is the monument of the Reverend William I. Reese in eastern cemetery erected in 1860 from designs by Thomas J. Sparrow. He is noted as the pastor of the first universalist church who founded the Widows Wood Society. And that was one of these organizations. There were so many of these in the days before the safety net to help people who were in need. And this was to provide widows with wood in the winter. Now Sparrow was involved in two for want of better terms public buildings in the 1850s, which have some similarities. The first of these was the Cumberland County Jail. How many of you remember the Cumberland County Jail? Yeah, just a few of us. It was a very intimidating structure. It was built in 1858, 5758. And this is the first illustration we know of it from William Willis' handbook of Portland, or guidebook of Portland from 1859. This is based on a sketch, and then it becomes a wood engraving. But here's the photograph. Very much Italianate in style. The central part of the structure was a combination of administrative space and also, believe it or not, in those days in the 19th century, the jailer and his family lived at the jail. And so indeed this center brick section with the granite trim was that combination of purposes. And then the actual jail cells were in the wings on either side. Note the very elaborate, rusticated, ashler treatment of these wings in granite with the great elongated windows with the coins, arch coins around them, very similar to what we'll see in the Mechanics Hall. And of course the buildings are virtually contemporary. Now the jail did survive the great fire. We're looking from the observatory. The street immediately in the front of us is Congress Street. The street just over the burned area is Cumberland Avenue. And way down there in the lower right on Monroe Street is the county jail that just barely escaped the fire. And of course was used for more than a hundred years later. Now when Thomas J. Sparrow was approached in 1857 to design the Mechanics Hall, there were already some precedents, some ideas, some designs that he might fall back on. And one of them that I think was influential to him was Charles K. Kirby's plan for the new Boston Public Library on Tremont Street. The Kirby brothers, James and Charles, had come from Worcester in the late 1840s and they worked in Portland only into the early 1850s and they went to Boston. And then Kirby got this major commission to do the library. And if you look at the arches on the facade and if you look at the monitored cupola on the top, these are motifs that we find in Mechanics Hall. This is the earliest view that we know of of Mechanics Hall. It also appears in Willis's handbook of Portland, 1859, again probably based upon a sketch or maybe upon an early photograph. And here we see the building after its immediate completion in 1859 with the arched windows on the facade, the wonderful monitor roof that goes the entire length of the roof, and the great side arch windows. Here is a more precise, perhaps more architecturally correct, very early wood engraving, which also dates from 1859 and was published in Belu's pictorial drawing room companion. And so you really get a sense now of the elegant granite facade, the brick on the side with the arch windows, and the monitor roof. And here's a little later view of the building from Edward L. Wells, Portland in vicinity from 1876. And already we have Carter Brothers jewelers in the corner, longtime clients of that space. This is an interesting photograph showing the Congress Street perspective of the building, looking from really from west to east, in which all of these small one-story wooden commercial buildings, they're all buildings that are torn down in 1881 for the big JB Brown commercial block that is built in 1882, 1883. But this is the way the street looked, and in that case, it really gives you a sense of how Mechanics Hall in its early years just loomed above other buildings. This is a wonderful view pretty early on, probably from around the 1870s. We're standing in the middle of Congress Street. The front of the hall is in view at the left, those little commercial buildings, some of them are there at the left. And a number of larger commercial buildings have built beyond. The old city hall is there right of center with its columns. Here's another view. This is a stereo view showing how really striking this building was and the great scale that it had, the other buildings immediately to the right, the Russell block, and then the two buildings that were owned by JB Brown. And there's a very similar view. And here's a view from the opposite vantage point with the Russell carriage and slay factory nestled right up next to Mechanics Hall. And here is Carter Brothers with some really quite nifty kind of Gothic pointed arch drapes over the windows. Carter Brothers, fine watches, jewelry, silverware, under Mechanics Hall, Congress and Casco Streets, Portland watches and jewelry carefully repaired. And this was typical of these schemes when large fraternal halls or organizational halls were built to always have commercial space for rental purposes on the first floor to help with the income for maintaining the building. Now just a sideline, but Mechanics Hall was finished in 1859. And in 1860, another organization, the Portland Atheneum, builds the first public library in Portland on Union Street. And a little known architect named Charles Goodell designs that. It's built in 1860, lasts only 60 years, destroyed by the fire. But again, you can see the influence of Mechanics Hall with the arch motif and particularly the three arch windows and the use of the rustication. Now we're just going to enjoy this building for a few moments. These are photos along with our other contemporary photographs that have been taken by David Kloff and we're very grateful for them. This is the building today at the corner of Congress and Casco Streets, still largely intact from the time that it was completed in 1859. Let me just give you one bit of period flavor here. Can't have a lecture without period flavor. This is from the eastern Argus of October 23rd, 1857, the cornerstone laying. I'm not going to sing this hymn, but I will read it to you. But it does kind of capture what the Mechanics were and still are about. Here a temple let us raise, fitting for thy use and praise, long honored trinity, labor, art and charity, labor, art, charity. Whether sons of toil may turn, resting from this to learn, that of God's they honored be, who in living honor thee. Here may science stay to teach, wisdom utter golden speech, pleasure join with usefulness, love alleviate distress, working out the perfect plan by which all the race of man shall confess thy trinity, labor, art and charity. Here is now of course a view, if you think back a few moments ago, just immediately to the right for most of the history of the building was the Russell block and now we have the main savings bank plaza. For those who don't know the story, I should probably just, this is the preservation story in the talk. Simply that I joined the main Charles Mechanics in 1971. I had to wait two or three years. In those days there was a waiting list and you had to be recommended by someone else who was already a member. At that point the ceiling was 500 members and then a year or two later it was lifted to 600 members and it was about that time in the early 70s that the main savings bank wanted to build its great plaza and they hired a noted architect from the Boston area, Pietro Baluski. Mr. Baluski came to Portland and he looked at the site because there were several old Victorian commercial buildings there and he said, I must have the whole site. I must have the whole block to build my building on. And so the bank came to the Mechanics and I remember the meeting and fortunately reason prevailed and it actually prevailed for very pragmatic reasons. Yes we were aware of the great history and architecture of this building but the decision not to sell to the bank and not to fall to the pressure of Mr. Baluski was simply that where would we go? This building has been our home for so long and this building is the center of our activities and our identity. What would we be without this building? And so fortunately the decision was made to reject the offer and the building is still very much with us today and there have been other peaks and valleys as well in the history of the organization but always reason has prevailed and the organization has risen to the occasion. Here is a head on view and then these wonderful carvings. This is the arm of labor or the arm and hammer. It's not the hand and sickle. It's the hand and hammer. There we go. David's great photograph of this even with the sinnows in this arm. And then to honor two figures from antiquity carved in the keystones of the facade were Vulcan the god of fire and Archimedes the great ancient mathematician and scientist and then over the entrance mechanics apostrophe hall. So as we end our story of Thomas J. Sparrow it is a kind of poignant ending. I've already mentioned that within a year after the great fire he suffered a serious stroke. His one of his brothers that was William had become the superintendent of the Slate quarries in Brownville way up in northern Maine and this is Brownville in about 1870. So it was quite a shock to go from from Portland to Brownville. However and there are the quarries that his brother managed. However his brother had a wonderful house in in Brownville and one wonders if if Thomas because this house predated Thomas's stroke if this might have been a Thomas Sparrow design. In any case it's sort of combination of Greek revival and and Italian eight with a little brackets on the cornice but it is entirely sheath in slate shingles and to this day it is known as the slate house in Brownville and it's on the national register as such. So we end where we began with Thomas J. Sparrow and hopefully we have a little widened appreciation of his life and his work. I want to do another quick reading as I end from the eastern August February 1859. This was when the building was being dedicated a tribute to the architect of the building. We have no need to speak of his praises. We have only to look about us to see them. Now that's very much based upon Sir Christopher Wren's epitaph in in St. Paul's Cathedral. We have only to look about him to look about us to see them. He has proven that although one swallow cannot make a summer, one sparrow can create a form of beauty which shall give delight in all times and all seasons. Thank you. The question is that many of the buildings that were destroyed in the fire were built of brick and granite rather than wood. The problem was that the fire got such a powerful start. It started down at the corner of around high and commercial streets. It hit J.B. Brown's great sugar factory which was eight feet, pardon me, eight stories tall and it just ignited it like a great bomb. Then the fire was like a great sheet of fire. The buildings could not withstand the fire. There was the old custom house that was built in the 1850s was supposed to be a fireproof building. It was built of stone on the outside and a lot of use of cast iron on the inside. The walls withstood the fire but when the government architects came to examine it they said it's just too badly damaged. We can't reuse the walls. It was a massive conflagration. Have you commented on some of the historic uses of the building during the Civil War? Yes. The question is comment on the historic uses of the building. One of the most famous chapters is when the city burns, the great fire, among the buildings as you saw was the city hall that was destroyed. So this became the de facto city hall until the new city hall was reconstituted about 1868. So for a couple years this is where city government was conducted because there were so few large buildings that had survived the fire. I'm seeing Herb Adams back there. Herb, can you tell us the Civil War significance? The very top of the building that you have referenced as the monitor is where the troops that gathered from Maine by train 24-7 would be marched up from the waterfront to the top and it is there they were fed by in that Celestory that is still there. The stove is there. Everything is there except the gas lights and even the place where the ceiling is patched where the men marched up the stairs two in the morning bearing their muskets whacked the ceiling. The musket barrel marks are still there. Thank you. And for those of you who know Herb, Herb among other things is a rare orator from the 19th century who knows how to project his voice. And there was nothing that I enjoyed more when I was in my Augusta days of monitoring the legislature than hearing Herb in debate. No one else really had a chance. Herb. Any other questions? Yes. I'm interested in the processing described where we went from an architect who had to play a role in building the building that he or she designed to the architect as a totally independent from the builder. What did we gain from that transition and what did we lose? Well, I think ultimately we gained because the architectural profession began to develop in that second quarter of the 19th century. And by 1857 we had a national architectural organization. The American Institute of Architects is still there. And it was and then of course that led to professional organization to professional education in the late beginning after the civil war. And it granted it was the development of a specialization but it also meant that that specialization could rise up the quality of what was designed and also be more assured of the stability of what was designed as well. And I think those were, you know, that professionalism was a gradual but important evolution. And Sparrow and a few other people were in the cutting edge of that. Yes. Sparrow, you take a joiner, a wood joiner, and it designs a building like this, but what did you learn? How did you learn to get there in history without falling down? Well, I think what happened, there was a lot of self-education in those days. There were many books on architecture, on structure, and also, you know, one learned through apprenticeships and one learned through reading and one also learned through observation. I mean, this was a period where people began to travel. They would go to Boston, they would go to New York, and we don't know. He might actually have had the opportunity to train with someone in Boston and New York. We've just never found that out. Other early architects in Maine did. Fassett, who's a well-known architect in Portland, trained in both Boston and New York in the 1840s. So it was a combination probably of many factors, Peter. But ultimately, here we are, and the building's still standing. Yes, John? I remember correctly, Sparrow died very shortly after the fire. I'm sorry? Sparrow died very shortly after the fire, unlike the next year. No, no, he had his stroke within a year of the fire, 1867. And then he went up to live in Brownville with his brother and then died there in 1867. I'm just wondering, what might speculate to this brilliant man, saw so many of his creations destroyed in the fire? I'm wondering if that started the demise of his talent? Well, I've often thought the same thing. And also, the other issue may have been, and again, we can only speculate. It's dangerous to speculate. But we can only speculate also that not only the shock of the fire and losing his office, but also the fact that he probably had tremendous pressure upon him to help rebuild the city. And the rest is history.

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Consolidating the Digital Trade Ecosystem

A recording of the Hyperledger Trade Finance meeting on January 19, 2021 featuring a presentation by Atul Patel, founder of #dltledgers, and Ross Wilkinson, Head of Global Accounts | Multi-Bank Trade Finance Management Applications at RWHK Consulting Pty Ltd, on the creation of the Singapore Trade Registry. The second part of the meeting was focused on the integration of the eBL (electronic Bill of Lading) into the blockchain platform by #dltledgers. More about the meeting is at: https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/TFSIG/TF-SIG+Meeting+-+2021.01.19 ---- Hyperledger – Open Source Blockchain Technologies Hyperledger is an open source community focused on developing a suite of stable frameworks, tools and libraries for enterprise-grade blockchain deployments. It serves as a neutral home for various distributed ledger frameworks including Hyperledger Besu, Fabric, Sawtooth, Indy, as well as tools like Hyperledger Avalon, Cactus and libraries like Hyperledger Aries, Ursa. Learn more about Hyperledger projects: https://www.hyperledger.org/use Case Studies: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/case-studies Training & Certification: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/training Tutorials: https://www.hyperledger.org/use/tutorials Webinars: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/webinars Events: https://www.hyperledger.org/events Vendor Directory: https://www.hyperledger.org/use/vendor-directory Subscribe to the Hyperledger Newsletter: https://www.hyperledger.org/newsletter Follow-us on Twitter @Hyperledger Learn about Hyperledger Membership: https://www.hyperledger.org/about/join #Hyperledger #HyperledgerTradeFinanceSIG #Blockchain

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Here we are, I'm now recording and I'm going through the policy. Linux Foundation meetings involve participation by industry competitors and it is the intention of the Linux Foundation to conduct all of its activities in accordance with applicable and trust and competition laws. It is therefore extremely important that attendees adhere to meeting agendas and be aware of and not participate in any activities that are prohibited under applicable U.S. state, federal or foreign and trust and competition laws. Examples of types of actions that are prohibited at Linux Foundation meetings and in connection with the Linux Foundation activities are described in the Linux Foundation and trust policy. If you have questions about these matters, please contact your company council or if you are a member of the Linux Foundation, feel free to contact Andrea up the grove of the firm of Gassman up the grove which provides legal counsel to the Linux Foundation. Hyperledger is committed to creating safe and welcoming community for all. For more information, please visit our Hyperledger code of conduct. So welcome everybody, we just came back after a while, you know, after our last meeting on 22nd of December, it's nice to see you all here. I'll leave them to you at all to start the meeting. It's going to be interesting for everybody who joined us today at all. Yeah. Well, no, first of all, thank you so much, Andrea, and welcome everyone to trade finance special interest group for 2021. And I think, you know, we are in for an exciting year. And it's my pleasure to be the vice chair and also to kick the session off for the year along with our community leader, Rose. So yeah, so maybe just a bit of introduction from you as well. And then I'll just share my slides. Yeah. Thanks so too. Yeah, just pleased to be here and look forward to doing this joint presentation with DLT ledges and how we're working together with Bolero. I look after Bolero's business development for Northeast Asia and for Australia, New Zealand, Oceania region. So a fairly broad remit. But yeah, just think we should get into it and start talking about today's subject at all. Absolutely. All right. So I think, you know, Andrea reached out to me to talk about, you know, what, you know, a working together between DLT ledgers and Bolero means. I think some most of you would have seen the press release that went out last year. And I wanted to take an opportunity to do a little bit bigger and maybe give an opportunity to also ask a question to myself, you know, I look after the business development as well as the market development for DLT ledger. So it's my pleasure to co-present this along with Rose, a number of other colleagues and the team members of DLT ledgers are also on the call. So we would love to keep it interactive. We would love to keep it more informative. And what we would do in the session is really just walk you through a little bit about what, you know, each of us are doing and what this partnership means. And more kind of giving also a closure to the, closer to the pin touch, I think from an specific angle where both of us are based and, you know, working on. So, you know, we have colleagues on the call from other parts of the world as well. So, you know, chip in as well as we kind of build this joint strategy together. So with that, I'll just kick off what, you know, if you already not know about DLT ledgers, you know, we are now into the fourth year of the running Singapore headquarter, you know, cross motor trade, digitization platform. We got 2020 was a really beautiful year for us where we really crossed the chasm and, you know, we kind of moved into a real prominence where, you know, we have been helping customers of various thesis sizes, small, medium, large, as well as, you know, participating, you know, business partner and ecosystem of those customers along with the at the bank. And I think, you know, based on the internal modeling that we did, the tipping point of the network was read somewhere around June or July of last year. And after that, I think we see momentum really pushing us forward like they do in, you know, any form of business. So we are running a great momentum right now, you know, in terms of what we do with our customers, I think we all have over now 529 customers. So I think this is still, you know, growing every day over 21 large corporates, over 45 banks in the network, and the, you know, the number of trades as well as, you know, the dollar value that is financed is well over 3 billion. In terms of the support and the ecosystem that we are looking at building is which is where, you know, we are building more and more partnership as we feel that collaborative partnership working together with the like minded player, I think makes a lot of sense where the network needs to connect to each other, network needs to have a touch in field with each other, not just talking about interoperability at a technical level, but there has to be also the process and the people level in terms of how, you know, we all can actually coexist and make it easier for customers towards their digitalization journey. Now we have over 70 staff across different parts of the world, including I see people from middle list dialing in. So we have our middle list and main eye headquarter, middle list and Africa headquarter out there in Abu Dhabi. We also have offices in India as well as partner offices in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South East Asia, and as well as in Africa. In terms of what we are also beginning to see is also in convergence of how enterprise systems, you know, such as, you know, your own classic you know, operating systems of the enterprises such as ERP, merging in terms of the technology into, you know, a mixing machine, machine learning as well as what we could see on the blockchain together. So I think it's also the combination of next generation, not just focused around, you know, a standard and piece of technology, but also how it can, you know, mix along with the operating system of the organization. It's where we spend a lot of time. Across the sectors, we, you know, we are proud about the team, our customer success and customer adoption team has done a fantastic job of creating trigger-table, smart contract templates for over 75 different communities. And that is really helping us in a cross to really get any new, you know, company to get started. And we also see more and more merchandising trade type of opportunities coming through as well. And, you know, manufacturing companies coming out of exporting, you know, they're manufacturing from, let's say from Singapore into other parts of the world, we also see them kind of coming into the, into the fold of BLT ledgers and continue to build more and more on this. We have got decent recognition from, you know, external parties as well as also from Singapore government. And, you know, we are into our think of running the digitization program for any companies who are looking to get, get digitization started, you know, whether it's about looking at contracts, whether it's looking at on parties on board, whether they're looking at, you know, integrating with their own, you know, current systems, whether you're looking at, hey, can I actually have a baby steps before I get started? It's all about providing a journey and a curated fashion is what we stand for. So with that, I'll pass it to Ross to just talk a little bit about how Polaroid is leading the digital trade revolution as well. Thanks, Atul. Yeah, Polaroid has now been as a business for around 20 years. And I think of that I've been involved with Polaroid for 17 years. And if you look at the phases, I'd say at least for the first half of that, Polaroid was was really out there a lot on its own trying to digitize trade. And then in the last 10 years, we've seen evolution of other parties getting involved and, of course, with blockchain technology over the last five years. So a bit of history of how Polaroid came about originated from an EU initiative as a research study to dematerialize on what you call digitize international trade process flows. And it was put together by Swift, the banking community and the TT club, the insurance marine insurance community. So Polaroid from its foundation really relied on a lot of expertise, his people that have worked in trade and moved across into the digital space. Groundbreaking market leader and innovator, true. Like I said, it was pretty much a green field in the early days. But that comes with a lot of challenges. You know, honestly, when you're doing it all by yourself, it's really hard to make change at a rapid pace. So there was progress. But the thing we've we've achieved over the years through Bolero's initiatives has been a lot of, you know, firsts of different aspects, first electronic bills of ladings, first electronic presentation, first multi bank solutions, et cetera, et cetera. But the real opportunity is to scale it up. And like what Till mentioned, reach a tipping point. And that's what Bolero has been able to do in terms of the community that's attached to Bolero. So the good part about it is a lot of experience with Bolero, but also a lot of recognition that you can't do everything by yourself. And and that's probably the underlying opportunity with Bolero and DLT ledgers is to have opportunity to bring together expertise that's very complementary and it makes the overall solution much, much better received by the customers, the clients and much more in demand by those wishing to engage in trade digitization. Absolutely. And then if you look at, you know, you know, your orange, the blockchain and I think you have been advocate about the same right arrow, so you want to maybe give a little bit of your flavor here as well. Yeah, well, we've seen a bit of a trend where there's an opportunity to leverage, if you call more established technology such as a Bolero for the provisioning of, I guess, certain aspects of the trade flows that have been accepted, but to complement the new initiatives that have come through developments on blockchain platforms, DLT. And, you know, we had a long, hard look as blockchains evolved and where can Bolero fit in with its current technology stack? And in a way, we found that Bolero kind of is a bit like a private permission blockchain and therefore we looked at how we could synergize what Bolero does into a blockchain platform that might need, for instance, today's topic and electronic bill of lading. And we've done that with a number of well-known, you know, blockchain initiatives. And we're seeing a lot more of these evolve as we speak. So, you know, that's the tenor of what we're going to talk about today, how, you know, what DLT ledges is providing and then how Bolero fits into that ecosystem and what we bring together to make the whole solution more viable for clients and able to scale faster. Now, it's awesome. It's a great vision to have that to really, you know, connect in an open way to the network and participate with the new technologies. So really, kudos to you and your team there, Rose. So I think, you know, you know, in terms of where you see we working together, maybe just a bit of a color would be helpful here as well, Rose. Sure. So, you know, I'm not going to override anything about DLT ledges. You don't know it's all. But basically, if you look at the offering, you know, you're doing pre-shipment finance with bank funding between buyer and seller. And after there's been a payment made through the DLT ledger platform, what we're doing is adding the ability for a EBL, Bolero EBL to be passed from the carrier by a DLT ledgers through Bolero out to the commercial parties. So the supplier is the first recipient. They will then forward a copy to their bank. And the supplier then is able to use the Bolero processes to transfer the electronic bill of lading via DLT ledgers all seamlessly through to the buyer. And then the buyers got options. What do they want to surrender the EBL through the platform and pass it back to the carrier so that they can get the goods? Or do they need to switch it to paper because it might be the next party in the chain is not on the electronic platform. So that's the general part of it. DLT is providing its service and Bolero is putting in the extra yards to provide the EBL, which, as Atul mentioned to me the other day, you know, one, there's an existing opportunity, but there's also clients that are asking for this sort of addition to the solution. Now, exactly right. And I think it's it's it's really kind of, you know, connecting the dots, if you will, we really need to provide an end to end to digitization, which is where, you know, we, we, we believe that partnership is really two plus two equal to five. And, you know, just also, you know, put direct view into what we think how the integration is complementary, right? So I think, you know, what we are really good at is looking at the entire lifecycle of the trade, you know, all the way from the deal confirmation to looking at, you know, managing the different types of contracts, helping them to convert them into smart contracts, looking at making sure that all the laundry list of over 27 different types of documents that may be needed for the trades in order, making sure that all of them are authenticated and, you know, blockchain, if you will, for the purpose of authenticity, and really, you know, also involving the banks for the finances, as Rose mentioned in the previous conversation, really making sure that they are in their support and also providing a really a collaborative platform where different parties who could come and collaborate as if it relates to that particular trade. And, you know, a huge amount of effort has gone in to really, you know, provide the maturity to the platform that we, you know, we have it now running over two years to provide consensus to different types of, you know, terms and conditions that one would have to trade, as well as, you know, what different types of trade finance instruments you would be looking at. And, you know, as the moral nature of the platform, you know, we do allow open account, supply chain finance related support from a bank, a five point of view, as well as the documentary trade support. And, you know, providing really a granular tracking of the trade flow, I think at each step in the way, I think it's been a winning for our customers. And quite a few of our customers, as we have been working closely over the last, you know, a couple of years, have been demanding, you know, a good rounding off for an end to end electronic BL, and that's where we thought we're absolutely vital for our customers, as well as joint customers that Bolero has with us. It would be great to, you know, build this integration which really provides the complementary capabilities. And what, you know, in terms of the nature of the BLTG platform, that's one of the reasons where I applaud the Bolero and the team, because I think the technology has come to the level where, you know, we are at, because of the architecture that we put in place, we are almost able to plug and play any different modules. And we have 16 different deep modules that is part of the platform today. And, you know, ranging from supply chain finance to KYC, to dynamic consensus, to the smart contracts, to, you know, documentary trade, the works, right? But to really look at what is needed as part of the trade plan, connecting that in a plug-in preparation is really, in an open environment, that really is where, you know, we thrive ourselves. So I think, you know, Bolero, we believe, and then, Rose, you can add in one side and put in my flavor to it. We believe you're bringing a huge level of support into the electronic field of leading processing and management of it. Not just the rulebook, but there is also entire framework that, you know, you have tested over a period of time and, you know, you continue to do quite massive work in that space. And, you know, as an original eBell provider, you know, obviously, surprised to say that you are already, you know, setting the strain, if you will, in terms of the P&I club approvals, and also in terms of the number of carriers and the trade flow and the port pair that what could enable, I think you got a significant coverage with over 22 carriers and supporting, you know, I was talking to one carrier who, again, you are in terms of, you know, your eBusiness, their eBusiness solution is already integrated with Colorado, which really makes it easier for carriers to also participate in this trade flow. So I think, you know, the continuous adoption of the carriers and improvement in that area, I think land itself well to have more and more trade flow opened up. I do believe that, you know, if you can do more and more port pairs and more on the trade flows between different parts of Asia, Africa, Europe and then North America, I think, you know, more and more benefit it would be to the all different parties. Rose, do you want to add anything in terms of how you see the lens on your side? Yeah, I just think, you know, the first thing, why it's easy for Bolero to talk with the electronic bills of lading is the name Bolero actually stands for Bill of Lading Electronic Registry Organization. So when the company was founded, it was basically first task to remove paper bills of lading. So, you know, I said this to a lot of guys I talked to about technology, it's not the technology, it's the acceptance of the technology. So having something that works technologically versus gaining acceptance from the broader community, the exporters, the importers, the carriers, the ports, et cetera, et cetera. You know, that came with a lot of blood, sweat and tears and it's, you know, work in progress. But everything Bolero has put together has been well used for over 16 years commercially in terms of electronic bills of lading, you know, from full digital EBLs end to end from seller to buyer with carriers involved. So none of this is theoretical, it's all practiced. The P&I Club approval's been in place for a long time. I think one thing to note about the number of carriers I think both of you were watching a different ball today. We took our eyes off something because it should be over 200 carriers, not cricket balls. So, yeah, and that's Let me do a different picture at Gabba, so. All right, we'll just update that. And their bulk carriers are a very massive number and a huge number of vessels. So they're able to provision EBLs at the client's request which nicely plug into our combined solution. And a lot of the, I think, eight out of 10 of the world's top container line is using Bolero and there's two, three of those with integration into their e-business solutions at present. So it's sort of under the covers, you don't know that Bolero is involved because it's like, you know, your PC is like Intel chip. So Bolero is doing the EBL, the carrier fronts that it's white labeled and they're pumping out especially the last year with COVID necessitating a lot of things done electronically. Huge increase of electronic bills of lading through these carriers, e-business solutions. Yep, no, in fact, I could relate one story. I was talking to one carrier, you know, who uses Bolero and, you know, they've been saying that, look, you know, we've been using it for all along but, you know, my board wants me to talk about something else. So let me talk about something else. But, you know, if you want to do real stuff on to, you know, do the actual shipments electronically, you know, we'd be happy to do plenty of that, right? So I think you got a large, you know, array of carriers to help. And I think the port pairs, we probably, you know, it enables most of the trade routes where we could do, we could do this. I think there are always a question that come up, Rose, and that's probably one that also came up from our team when we were preparing for this was also, what happens to the last mile connectivity, if you will, right? So, you know, how do we handle that? Is that something that kind of, you know, we have a solution on or, you know, we literally can go down to the last mile with the Bolero solution within the port in a country or you have any general comment on that or, you know, we should only be looking at certain pair, port pairs to begin with or any guidance on that would be helpful, maybe. Oh, Bolero, yeah, Bolero was built day one to go end to end. So it can go right through from an import to a destination port. Just depends whether the port wants to get things electronically. Some of the ports around the world have their own electronic portals and people just have to attach their documents to the port or, you know, we've had customers that wanted full digital so they can upload data to their back office and that's possible with a port system. So it's just the desire to be fully digital versus accepting the current processes is what drives it. So for example, you're mentioning about Taiwan, right? So in Taiwan, would it be like any ports that you would be fine with or if you only wanted to port that port initially, you think? Oh, yeah, well, just one that example. Usually in a country, it's great if you've got one port. So we've done particular ports in Taiwan and what happens then is the other thing is if you get a big shipper, big exporter, they tend to have a lot of sway in the market so that can move the market. The other thing we found in China was if one port was accepting the EBL where the cargo had an EBL involved and another port didn't, the buyer can actually switch for which port they wanna just have the goods discharged and that port that didn't wanna participate would lose from business. And it's amazing how quickly that they would start to accept the electronic process. So it becomes more evaluated service and it's kind of differentiated in some sense of the world. Yeah, well, some country companies I've dealt with they said, look, we're a 150-year-old company we've got 200-year-old business practices so they don't wanna change. So there's gotta be some catalyst to change and that can be done in a nice way and it's moved it. But yeah, in a lot of countries things just start with one and then it grows. But what I've found is a lot of these things can be country-orientated. So you've always got to get the first in a country and then you can spread it out but until you've got one in a country some country doesn't care what another country does. So that's all the education process and building process. Absolutely, you're right. And I think what's the need from a deal to a business point of view? I think we're absolutely thrilled to be partnering with Waller who has already done a mess that you want to work on on digitizing the bill of lady. And it's all about ecosystem, right? So I think we need to connect the dots, as I said, from a people point of view, from a process point of view, from an adoption point of view. And obviously, there's a lot of work that's being done on the interoperability point of view as well. So building an ecosystem. And at the end of the day, the corporate, the customers that we have, we want to give them a flexibility. They want to actually continue to work with some of our customers we find, they already run Ballero. So they want to actually connect the LG to Ballero. They want to actually do more and more trade routes, more and more forward pairs. So continue to build an ecosystem. We see a great value in that. Continue to support the customers because at the end of the day, I think more and more everybody benefits in this call if we actually can do an end to end digital transaction. And that cannot happen with one party because it has to happen with the network. And if we can support that more and more repeat trades happening with our customers, which could get increasingly digital. And I know there would be naysayer in this group will say, hey, what happens to a surveyor? What happens to forwarder? What happens to that guy, that guy? But I think as we can have minimum viable parties to really keep doing more and more of repeat. And like Perot said, there will be always a set of customers who will be cutting behind their old way of doing things. Maybe they would be the legged. But I think we have now crossed the chasm. So we are into, I think early majority in terms of the adoption cycle. So continue to support customers is one of the key reason we partner. And then obviously to win the business, right? So, you know, we do see opportunities with other combined forces. We see that, you know, there's an opportunity to win and additional set of business which will benefit both BLT ledger as well as Malera. So what's the need for Malera or what's yours? Well, obviously to work with the company like DLT ledger who's applying latest technology to be able to work with that technology and leverage off it is a great opportunity for Balero to bring to the table and enhance its reputation, but not just that to actually fill in the gaps, you know? Like it's very hard to do everything on your own in international trade. It's really complicated. So that's a key thing, you know, to build, I guess, the perception that Balero has not been there, done that and gone out the back door sort of thing. I think, you know, I've known you guys a tool. There's a great investment in the company and a push with marketing and sales and the market reach to fill in some of the gaps where Balero doesn't have as many feet on the ground. But given everything we do is electronic, you know, always with Balero, we've never had to have so many offices and that. So, you know, we've got core offices in the UK, in Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and that's how we sort of support the business currently globally. And like I mentioned before, you know, to blend in with the latest technology, you know, Balero does not use any blockchain service directly. Not that it say it won't in the future, but, you know, we're not using AI and machine learning. So why not go with people that are experts and making great pace forward, but fill in the gap like Atul said, you know, bring to the table, not just the technology of the EBL, but the acceptance by corporates in country acceptance, proven utilization. And not the least is, you know, apart from the banks and the corporates, but the carriers, you know, the carriers are coming across and starting to even implement it in their own e-business solution. So it's a great opportunity to work together. No, absolutely. And just the final thing on, in terms of the partnership, we have been working very closely with Sunil here in Singapore, as well as Rose to cover the North Asia and Australia path. So, you know, we are really working hand-to-hand to really benefit our customers towards the digitization. And I think we believe that 2021 would be really a year where I think it takes off certainly with Singapore going all guns, bloating with electronic documentation, getting it passed in the parliament and the last couple of weeks has been fantastic here locally. I think we are in for an exciting time. And with that, what I'll do is I'll just, you know, keep this session open for the questions because we wanted to make sure at the start of the session, we want to talk more about taking the questions. And, you know, if there is any comments or questions that people may have, we can discuss that. So certainly that's something that I wanted to do. And yeah, can we have any questions if any one of you have any questions for either Rose or myself? Or are there any chat questions, Andrea? Yeah, thanks for the presentation. Rahul and Ross, it was really, really interesting from my side, you know, I'm just asking myself, you know, whether somebody would like to step in and ask something of this respect. I think there's a question from Rahul. There is a question from Rahul. May I request Ross to dwell on the regulatory acceptance of EBL, that's the first question. And then secondly, also the ports recognizing EBL without converting into paper. Yeah, so there's only, there's a few countries in the world who will not accept an EBL. So when we talk about countries, we see more issues on the import side than the export side. Although I know in Bangladesh there was issues with export side just because bank regulations sort of stood in the way. But predominantly, as we've gone from country to country, on the export side, it's usually been a free flow. Nobody really gets in the way at a port. On the import side, the challenges that we've met was one, if there'd never been anything done in a country, it's very easy for the naysayers to say, oh, you can't use an EBL because of XYZ. And I could write a book on the number of reasons not to change. But was there any solid reason for not doing it? No. So we found countries where they have different rules in different ports. So there might be a country customs rule that affects the port operations. But each port doesn't necessarily follow the same rule book. They have a local interpretation. And some ports would say, well, all we need is the BL number. So whether it is an EBL or is a paper BL, it didn't matter. To get discharged, all you need to do is provide the BL number. Some ports said all we need is a copy of the BL. Well, you can give a copy of an EBL, that's fine. There are a few instances where people said, we must have a paper BL. So we would ask them why? And they would say, oh, we've had so many frauds with BLs. We want the original BL. So then we say, well, you want the original paper BL that you've already had frauds with. Wouldn't it be better if you had an EBL to obviate the risk of fraud? And they go, oh yeah, that's a great idea. So then they're happy with that. But the underlying question has also got one issue. An EBL can terminate at the importer and once they surrender the EBL, the EBL does not exist. They surrender it back to the carrier. The carrier gives the importer a delivery order. They can pick up their goods. So there's this thing that an EBL exists right through to the port. Well, if the port doesn't want to receive electronically, the EBL's already gone, it's terminated. So there is no EBL to actually connect to a port and to suffer any regulatory issue. But if you roll it up into one comment, the major issue is, has there been one done in a country at a port? Because if there hasn't, then you've got a big education challenge to get over. And that's been a lot of the work we've done over the years just to break down those barriers. How that can often happen is you get a major exporter shipping to a major importer and then all the issues change. And nowadays we're seeing a lot of countries actually start to regulate that you will accept electronic documents, you will accept digitization, you will accept electronic signature. So a lot of my comments are based on probably 19 years of history with Bolero, but the last year has been a massive change in that. But I'm not saying that every port in the world is not going to come up with a pushback, but it requires a lot of education to get over those barriers. Yeah, no, and that's fantastic, Rose. Thank you for that. And just also to, you know, common question that every time, you know, we get from customers as well. Well, okay, can you give me by country, whether it's regulatory, you know, whether you will have electronic BL. And then can I blanket to say that this country is going to accept electronic BL? So I think what Rose is saying, it is answered, it really depends on the combo of a corporate and a port in that country, right? So it's not necessarily a blanket, yes or a blanket, no. Rose, is that correct? So for example, if it is Australia, can I say it is a blanket, yes, for, you know, if anybody wants to do electronic BL out of Australia, or it is actually based on a customer and a port, and then, you know, it's customer willingness to do electronic BL and therefore it will happen, right? So maybe that could be useful to just dwell on for that as well. Well, we haven't seen any issues in countries like Australia, China, where there's been a lot of trade flows using EBL, Korea, Japan, you know, South America to the US, India. Yes, well, no, India is great on the export side. It's been a bit slower on the import side, but making great strides at the moment. So, you know, the situation's changing there. So I think there was one other thing I was going to mention. The one of our partners, a carrier, one of the top three container lineers, they've actually got a great sales kit that they talk about their EBL, E-Business Solution. It doesn't mention Valero, but they've actually mapped globally and they've got a nice map that shows you where EBLs are accepted globally. Now, I can't hand that out, but I could refer, for anybody wants to know, I could refer it to that company because that bit of collateral is really spectacular. It answers this question really well. No, that's great. Now, that would be great to share as well. And I think there's a question from Roland to say that it appears there are many ecosystem in trade finance, but also in the wider economy. Will DLT ledgers in Bolor are able to interoperate with multiple ledgers? If so, how? If not, why not? Thanks, so I'll take that rose. I think it is, as I said, at the start of my presentation, absolutely interoperability is key. And in fact, it is quite fascinating to note that the interoperability in the technical level has already been achieved across multiple ledgers. So I don't think it's a fault of the technical team being not able to interoperate. It is always about the flows and also process and adoption. So Rose mentioned that even though if I have perfect ledgers and perfect setup for my destination port and load port, but if the customer doesn't want to change his process, it's not going to happen. So I think interoperability is, as I said, the lens on the technical side of the lens is fairly straightforward. I think the lens where we all need to do a lot of work is on the business side of the house, making the trade flows. Just now what Rose mentioned, if you look at the trade flows and say from Singapore to Australia, let's say, or the Middle East from Dubai into coming into Southeast Asia or from Southeast Asia going into China, or let's say Africa coming into parts of Asia. So when you look at the flows, look at the port pairs and see how much of the trade flow can be digitized, I think that number is very, very, very small. So I think, and that's where I think Emmanuel is on the call. My request Emmanuel, if you are there, I think one of the number that I would like to hear this year from World Economic Forum is to see how much of the $18 trillion trade is actually conducted digitally. Because there has been no real sense of that and that would really help us to say, okay, now we were at X, now we are going to go to Y. So I think this debate on interoperability will always continue unless there is a parameter, but that's something, it's a great question, but we don't believe that reality there is a problem there because we are not able to measure it. And as you know, whatever is not getting measured will not get done. So long answer to your question, Ronald, but open for your comment Emmanuel or Rose if you have any on that. I just had two things. I was actually going to be on another conference call which overlaps, so I didn't sit on it tonight, but it's a DCSI digital container shipping initiative and the subject was EBL standards. So there's two issues really that to add to this, apart from the technology, which is great, there are standards and there's legal issues. So there's laws in country and there's global initiatives with the ICC doing things around international trade flows. So that's why it's complicated because it tends to fragment when you go by different countries and how they do things. And each country's got its own strategy with digitization. So there needs to be some normalization. Standards and this goes back to what Swift did with banking fantastic, but there's the legality as well. You get standards, you can talk easy between systems and do integration easier, but then there's a legal aspect to make sure it's legal to accept electronic documents and that affects a lot of issues, but those two things are okay. Yeah. All right, I think we are fighting away with the chats here. I think are you able to comment by the way, Emmanuel, you had any comments if you feel free to jump in? Thanks, that's good. No, actually nothing to add to what Ross was saying. I think he summarized it very well. You have the tech aspect, but you also have the legal aspect and the decentralization dimension. And we're all trying to work together to try and make it happen, but it's challenging. What's coming up in 2021 so that I can keep and look out for you for any new reports coming up from your side? There would be a few and there may be, I'm trying to schedule the next Global Trend Blockchain event on the 18th of March. So that's the date I've put aside for the moment. So you can already mark your agenda. Awesome, thank you so much. Thank you, thank you for that. And I'll take the next question as well. Are you able to comment on the means and limitation of inputting data into EVL? For example, are there needs for physical digital infrastructure throughout the supply chain? Is this something can or should be accommodated? Ross, you want to give it a try in terms of the limitation of inputting data? I haven't heard that before on EVL. No, no limits. It comes down to the, usually the desire whoever's creating a document. So an EVL is actually what can be drafted between the shipper to the carrier. But at the end of the day, the absolute EVL is created by the carrier. And, you know, we had a service running on Malero in 2004, which was totally digital. So the carrier created a digital EVL would go through from buyers, from seller to buyer. And the seller, the buyer went upload the data from the EVL as well as their other commercial and inspection documents into their ERP system. So it's possible the Malero EVL that we'll plug in with DLT Legends is actually XML based. So we're ready for digital. It's just, if you don't get somebody creating data at source digitally, it's hard to change it along the way on the supply chain. And I think that comes back to the standards thing because everybody wants the standard. So, you know, it's why that container shipping initiative digital standard for EVLs is a great initiative. Yeah, no, absolutely. So just to add on to that, yes, absolutely. There is no real limitation on that part. And there isn't any physical digital infrastructures. Like, you know, I think what he, that, you know, what is being alluded here is probably, you know, rose things like, you know, do I need a, you know, a specific printer at the port to print if I want converting an electronic BL into a paper BL, do I need like a printer with a, you know, kind of a hallmark or some kind of a, you know, thing that, you know, it's only we'll print it once and then it will erase it from elsewhere. Probably that's where that question is alluding to. So do you really need any specific printers? If you will, if you're converting to paper, not really, right? No, but the carriers offer a remote print service. So they don't need a specific printer, but it's a service that they would offer. And they have their own paper with their letterhead and all that sort of stuff at the recipient's office. And that's how they do a remote BL type service. Right, got it. All right. And then there is one more question from Rukka, saying that from legal perspectives, are there any plans to review the Bolero rule book in light of amendment to Singapore Electronic Transaction Act? This will allow to issue EBL with full legal validity. Do you have any comment on that, Rose? It's that you already anywhere do that, right? Well, the way Bolero is set up, Bolero International is like the platform operating company, but then there's a Bolero Association, which are all the users and all the users impact things like the rule book and changes to that. So those things can be worked through and what Bolero always wants to do is adapt to in-country progress that's being made. So Singapore Australia has initiatives with digitization. So things like that, they come up, of course, Bolero looks to leverage in any way, shape or form. We can make things adapt and make things flow faster. So the answer would be yes. Now, is it happening at the moment? I don't know. I'd like to take that question offline. Yeah, absolutely. And just to add under that, we are into a thick of action with the Singapore ETSO. I think that's, watch out for this space and we will provide an update as soon as it is available. But yeah, it's a great question. So thank you for that, I think. And we are back to you. If you have any questions yourself, I think we have been having some good questions on chat. No, I'm fine for me. I mean, we haven't had a question actually from Fami Montgomery to if you're, I know we ran it out of time, you know, just would like to give full answers to the attendance. And Fami is asking, what do you think about Indonesia, acceptance, readiness of e-bill of lading and blockchain trade, TX? Yeah, I think I'll just give my point of view. It is really absolutely depends on, there are obviously Indonesia has lots of ports, but I think there are certain ports which are good for electronic transaction. But then again, you know, I'll defer it to Rose to see, you know, if there is anything peculiar that you see in Indonesia, which, you know, prevents, but I think I do recollect from Sunil that, you know, not an issue at all as far as, you know, whether it's consent to support Indonesia portways. Yeah, I've got some customers that want to export into Indonesia. And I guess where I just put that into is that so far I haven't seen any of my customers been able to do that. And I hear that there's some initiatives through the ICC and the banks to work with the regulators in Indonesia to make things more approachable for digital solutions and acceptance legally in Indonesia. So I do believe there's some momentum in that space at the moment that will open up things. So what's the space, Femi? But 2021 definitely I think would be the year in South East Asia because, you know, I think in a Singapore government is leading the panel of G2G countries which includes all South East Asian countries. They are driving hard about the digital standards. And, you know, as Ros mentioned, this is a standard initiative is also at Kordaroa Singapore and they are taking all the South Asian countries together as far as the standards are getting built. So I think sooner than later, I would say, Femi. Yeah, the questions from the attendance. No, I think what we are trying to do is really kind of focus on doing more and more transactions and opening up the trade flows rights from different parts of the ports. I think it would be handy, I think, Andrea, if we take that up as a trade financing project to see, you know, based on the world today on electronic end-to-end digitization, you know, which are the port, which are the port pairs across countries are open for, you know, acceptance of digital BL solution. I think that would be a good little project to do because I think, you know, we, you know, for example, Indonesia is a great question because, you know, they have a number of ports. Now, obviously, you know, which port that would be my most likely for me to work together with. I think it would be a bit of a research that we could take offline, Andrea, and see if our team can, you know, some mic. I think you are breaking up. Sorry, my feeling is that, you know, I don't know what's going on maybe here. The connection is not that good. I was telling, digitization port is going very fast in the epic region. We should try to be as fast as possible to keep the pace even in other parts of the world, namely Europe. We're stepping up. I mean, at least we're trying to do so, but, you know, we're still struggling, you know, to keep the pace of Asia. Something will happen for sure to happen shortly after we're supposed to Middle Eastern in Africa, in Northern Africa, I believe because we are so working at it. I expect something else to happen in the old Turkey, just keep country. I know, just keep an eye on what's going on as you can see from my post on LinkedIn, trying to follow up. Yeah. It is my... No, it's... Awesome. Awesome. Awesome. Awesome. Awesome. Awesome. Awesome. Awesome. Awesome. Yeah, you're breaking up, but I think absolutely you're breaking up and we are, but... I'm having a bad connection these days. I don't know what's happening. I'm sorry. That's all right. But I think we can take that as the next topic internally for us to discuss. But I think with that, we are coming to the close of the session and if there is any final question, if not, I would like to thank you and to set this up for us. You're welcome to my pleasure and honor. So hopefully we'll go for some more interesting people very soon. Absolutely. All right. Thank you so much, Rose, for staying up and being really a good co-presenter along with me. I think I really enjoyed it and let's kick some tires and get some good business in and we can report the success back to NVR again. That was good. Awesome. Thank you so much, everyone. I was going to end it. Thank you. Take care, everybody. Thank you. All right. Thank you. Bye-bye. Bye-bye, guys. See you soon.

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Setting up Your Own Self Hosted Multi Site UniFi Controller & Deploying Remote UniFi AP Units

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GIkyS_5VXOs

Hey, back here Tom Lawrence with a another YouTube video. This one's for the unify multi-site So I showed you how to install it showed you how to install it on Linux kind of give you no review how the software works It's just pretty slick and some people asked how to do your own multi-site So this is a for us. We have internal servers, but you could do this in a cloud hosted server AWS Azure or pick your favorite hosting company where you want to put this and spin up a Linux instance. So we install this headless and Get it going like it did we did in previous videos and now we're going to set it up for multi-site Now there's a few things we need to do to get this happen first gonna have to open some ports So I made a list of the ports that need to be open. So the portion to be open our 8080 pointed to the internal server 8443 is a remote managed web interface. Now, it's not important You don't have to open this if it's internal for example, so if you're running a server internally in your office You don't have to open it up externally. This is only if you Want to remotely manage it from outside of your office or of course if it's in some type of cloud server You're gonna have to open up the port so you can get to it and 8080 is the announcement port as they call it that's what does the control of the devices and where they connect to and then the Unify is using the stun protocol on 30 40 78 UDP and that's used for data collection and information now You could set this up where it's set in form and I'll explain with these mean in a second when we get to the actual process for this But it's unified at your domain calm. It's really anything you want to make up. So you could call it whatever, you know, my Wi-Fi stuff Dot your domain calm and that's just you know outside the scope of this You set this up a DNS entry to point to whatever the IP address is To that and then you use the set inform command, which we're gonna cover here in a few minutes Now I'm gonna go ahead and delete that this is my internal lab and internal testing and I'm put some things in here So it was gonna pretend there's a different URL But obviously it's internal and private because I didn't want to just expose all the ones we have for our customers so it's set in form and then the internal IP of my System that this is running on and 80 inform now. You'll notice when you look through these that Purposely none of the Wi-Fi units are on the two dot network We have some on a one dot network and some on a three dot network And I've done the above firewall mapping to allow them to connect to the other network here Now, please know these are only the network settings you need on your server as long as the devices themselves have Unrestricted internet access when you plug them in at any client if it's a remote client somewhere as long as they have proper DHCP addresses or if you statically sign it with proper DNS to the unify units Which most time we just loudest up the ACP on the clients network They will reach out to that remote URL as long as they can resolve it and get in as long as the firewall So there's nothing you have to do on the client side to make these work. This is all internally Done. This is done on your server side So let's go over how it works real quick. So I'm slide this out of way now that we know the or else to use So right here we have the current site We're looking at LTS office, and then we also have one called Tom's house And you'll see that this one is on the dot one network And then we have another one over here LTS office and that one's on that three network And we are connected to the dot two network over here So they are completely separate networks and the firewall mapping is allowing each of these to come through now I have one more to adopt and this is the tricky part for doing this setup So first let's go ahead and start from the very beginning in terms of creating a new office We're gonna add news office and recall it test office submit Now we've created a new office with no devices So we just hit the pull down and all three of them are here That's how easy this is up a new customer site. There's really not much to it once you set up that customer site Let's go and create a test Wi-Fi for it. So we go to the wireless networks and There's none configured now that pull down still works so we can see the LTS office here And it shows our networks here So as you switch between these it's showing you each one So each one of these is segmented off based on this pull down here So we'll go back to the test office that we're setting up and we'll go ahead and create a test Wi-Fi for it and We'll just leave it open for now Don't even need a password, but you can get all the same rules apply like I showed in the other video It's it's all the standard unified interface So we have a crest office test Wi-Fi and now we're gonna look at our devices Currently there are no devices in the test office and if we switch over to like the LTS office We see our unified unit here Now we're gonna look at the adoption part of this now when you do the adoptions It's different and you have to take a same firmware unified device So it has to be at the same newest firmware and you can adopt it locally update the firmware And then forget the AP if you have to to get it updated to the latest firmware It's an easy way to do it Before you can join it because if there are firmwares too many versions out of date it may not connect So definitely make sure you're on the latest firmware if it's only a little bit out of date You can update it from here But a pointer if you're having connection issues just adopt it locally Update the firmware then do forget AP and it'll have the latest firmware and then this process will work So just a quick troubleshooting tip there We have the Wi-Fi plugged in and we have a plug in and a dot one network and I am on the dot one network right now myself So mines dot 100 I looked at the DHCP table and I know where the Wi-Fi unit is it's at 102 right now now a default unadopted Unify AP unit is going to be username UBNT and password UBNT So we're going to SSHN to UBNT 192.168.1.102 looked up as I said in the DHCP able to find out what IP address it was assigned to You lack local discovery when these are remote when they're when your cloud controller is remote or not on the same network You're not going to get that local discovery like you're used to where you're just going to get pending adoption So this is the process by which you adopt them All right now we're at the command line now we had done this set in form and Like I said normally you'd want it to be your external URL as long as resolvable and you can test to see that things are Resolvable here, so we can ping Lawrence systems.com for example and see that it resolves And I actually got a rename locally, but let's ping google.com And we can see that this device does have internet access and can connect So now we're going to go ahead and set the inform URL now. This is a multi-step process here So first we set the inform URL here and now we refresh this and It says pending adoption Now the pending adoption crosses all the sites because we had to decide which site we want to adopt to now We click adopt, but it's not going to adopt just yet. Just up arrow again and Do it a second time and you notice it jumped over here now it can adopt and provision That little step is a little bit confusing and it did confuse me at first and it automatically logs me out So it's first you hit it once it adds it to the panel And I don't know exactly how many if you got one or two minutes of pending adoption but this back-and-forth process is what allows the system to Kind of confirm it that you're on that you're connecting to right network You see it show up in there you click the adopt the second time saves it and then logs you out and Reprovisions it and it adds it to the network and you can do this remotely I mean you do not have to be in the same as long as you have connectivity and can be you know internet connectivity It can be remoteed It will easily allow you to adopt the units like this so you can actually go to a client plug them into their network and add in your domain information and it'll connect to your dashboard And then you can finish provisioning each of them you can pre-program at your office And this is what we do to our dashboard and once you program to dashboard. It doesn't matter if their IP address changes they're looking at our full fully qualified domain and I highly recommend don't you can use IP addresses But if you do that and you change an IP address you have to run around and change those settings in all of your unified devices Which is kind of a pain in a butt so use the fully qualified domain that we've ever doing changes internally But that's it you goes there and wherever you put these as long as they have internet access You can pre-program that quickly adopt them build out a Wi-Fi settings for a client with all the networks And when they take them and plug them in their office, it connects to your server and you can manage them now What if I would have adopted it to the wrong place? Well, they've got an easy solution for that you go back over to manage Wi-Fi you say move this device And I just move it to one of the other networks So I could actually repurpose them and move them other do be careful doing this because obviously if they're at a customer's location And you move them somewhere else that would be very confusing because they would see another person's network showing up within their network And all those config files would copy over But this does save you from installing a cloud controller on site you can deploy and manage the Wi-Fi And here's how the statistics look so I've got it Moved my house one off of my usual managed onto this test unit that we have so we're look at Tom's house here And we're gonna look at the clients around here because of that UDP port being open It's doing all the data logging and showing me how much data is being pulled by the Chromecasts I see again that Emily's home right now because it's showing her actively connected and it shows No, she's probably watching Netflix on this particular Chromecast right now So it's gathering all the Wi-Fi data. I will switch it over to the my office here We put this on here for testing I can see the different devices connected what network they're connected to And all the same thing is gathering up all the standard dashboards It's all the other Rules for this software apply it all works the same and it'll even remotely control the USG devices and other Devices that are controlled by this particular unified interface So you can manage everything remotely if we need to change something for any one client Make sure you're on the client site that you want and we'll go ahead and back toward test office No clients found nothing connected to it yet And we're gonna go to settings and these settings apply to this current site choice over here And you can still set up all your users and everything else your users are set up globally So when you're setting up the users, they are added globally to this So that still applies so all the rules are pretty much still the same The only thing that's kind of different is the fact that you have this little multi site right here But once you get all your clients set up Whether you are hosting it yourself like we do and we host it inside of our office because we have a server rack Or you want to host this in a cloud server such as AWS Azure or take your pick of your favorite company This allows you to have one central repository for to manage all your clients Now if you do have to delete a site because I've seen some questions on this whatever site you created first You can export but you can't delete whatever the first one is So I created my home site first then we created this one and then we created this test one You can delete those but you can't delete the main one So if I whatever the furry first site you do is that's the only one you're able to delete But that's just a quick overview how it works It's really simple and just SSH in and use that set and form like the year well I showed you do add this in set inform and do add the inform at the end I seen some more construction saying not that you didn't need it I found it failed unless I put it so I'm gonna say it's required But I'm just if someone knows different let me know But it does seem to work perfectly fine by adding it and didn't have any problems And as you've seen we just adopted one in only a few seconds Just remember that two-part step where you do it click adopt go back to your SSH session with that unit And just up arrow and enter again because the second time saves it and confirms it and away you go You can adopt it and get it going so if you have any questions So leave comments below if this video wasn't clear enough or whatever Let me know if I need to redo a couple things in everybody think I pretty much got it Just to kind of give you guys an idea and this is why I love the Unify software because you can self-host I'm not beholden to an external server or some dashboard controlled only by them that they could later change And you're controlling all of your clients from your internal server in our case because we host it But it's even if it's a server you host like an AWS is something you have control over Not third-party so if something terrible happens to the Unify company and they go out of business I'm not linked to their dashboard how we manage it I'm linked to the software and the only worst-case scenario of unified tank would be I wouldn't be able to get new updates Which would be tragic because we really like your products I don't think you're going anywhere And this is just the way this works in this latest version of the Unify software is super simple It's made managing all of our clients networks remotely really easy and pretty much pain-free We just you know go through the list of our clients and we can if someone calls for a Wi-Fi change or wants us to look At something we can see all the devices connected. We can reset the Wi-Fi We can change your password and gather all the statistics and we're controlling all the servers here We do a lot of small businesses with small mom-and-pops. So this is great They don't there's no cloud controller need to be put at their office You just program the Wi-Fi units to reach out to our server via our file fully qualified domain name And they all connect and if the client moves changes IP address doesn't affect us any You know it still connects as long as they have internet connectivity of the Wi-Fi units connect So thanks again for watching if you like the content here like and subscribe appreciate it

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"I don't believe in a God!" - Jacob | LET'S CHAT

Let's Chat! Jacob doesn't believe in a god. We explore his lack of belief and come to a better understanding of how he still manages a happy, moral and healthy life. Personal review: 😊 I would sincerely appreciate constructive feedback from others on how they would tackle this interview. Make sure you subscribe to these SE channels: SE-playlist.com Anthony Magnobasco :https://www.youtube.com/user/magnabosco210 Cordial Curiosity: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiWKxPMKUBFjN3Ny_VxpkYw Open Inquiry: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCD1RiH1j-M6C59z1upPXkWw Deep Discussions: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtftwuFFsiXLkzmpWPncd5w Street Knowledge: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRzxNyqE-FHUq7DozWh8sgg Seeds of Thought SE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqXvfjGJdInxkVcpDhhlU_g StreetSocratics: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHWWH-QsIrbHaG7a_djRq9g Super Curious: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHjS3k0leQwe7nOKXFKAKjw

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Fine, say Thor Ragnarok like Thor just came down and he's legit for he's just a slayer He's gonna like check out these boys And he does a lightning thing. He's like by the way on Thor Check out my video games in my movies. I think you guys are doing a good job How you doing my name's time Jacob Jacob wonderful name so normally what I do is I set up a Hey, I'm time. Nice to meet you So I normally set up a table in like parks or whatever in Lexington and What happens those it's science says let's shut up whatever you want, right? Sometimes a lot of religious people come up to me and they'll talk to me or try to something on the religion And I'll ask questions about how they got to their you know faith and the foundation behind it You know by the time we get back up from that foundation. They're a little bit less confident. Yeah about the position Yeah, a little straight epistemology exactly Okay, so you already know Are you an atheist? Yeah, I never get a chance to talk to other atheists. I'm an atheist myself People how I've met or really apprehensive that use an a word and so I thought this is a good opportunity to just have a chance to talk with people like Minded individuals see if the method works as well, which might be tried something like that out. That's fine Jacob five minutes And if you want to talk longer, that's fine with me too. So how did you become an atheist if you don't know you ask them? years and years of looking Back into the history of the church and how the Bible was formed I'm all good. We're all good. Okay. Yeah, I grew up Catholic Even thought about going into the priesthood at one point in time really within a year and a half two years But yeah after you know, I got to a point where I Really wanted to look into what I was getting myself into and then that's actually what turned the tables Did you say you actually like maybe study the Bible? That was a big step for me as well Yeah, like when I started I felt like I didn't have as much faith in the book Because I was beginning to learn about ethics and college and stuff and my actual systems and not just like a list of rules Yeah, and when I went back to the Bible, I'm like whoa Now that I'm looking at this critically a lot of this stuff isn't holding up But was that it for you or was there anything else that like Oh, well, it wasn't like that. I mean it was a period of time it took Yeah, I started questioning it, you know But like I said within a couple years I'd gone from one to going to the priesthood to I don't want anything to do with this Okay, then it took a long time for me to actually come out and say it I didn't even say anything to my family until a couple years ago and I was like Let's see from 18 to 40 roughly so 22 years it took me to To get to the point where I could actually tell my folks that I was don't feel bad I've only been an atheist for like maybe about three years four years now And it took me about a good year before I can have that conversation with my mom Just be completely comfortable with that. Thankfully. She also switched out of religion as well She jumped into a jungle witness program though But when she was out when she was like doing that job, I was like hey, mama I'm also out to not going to be a jungle witness, but you know respect that stuff was crazy. Wasn't it? Yeah, and I'm Wondering right now. I think a lot of these would be interested in Deeply held beliefs that atheists have I think there's a lot of parallels like I'm noticing you haven't gone around killing people now that you What's keeping you from doing that like where do you get your moral scoops from if you don't have a religious belief? just Since that we all live together. We all got to work together Need to look out for each other. So I mean going around and you know killing people or you know treating other people bad I mean, that's not good for humanity You know if people would actually read the Bible they would see that The God of the Bible actually condones a lot of the main things Besides the Genocide certain all that kind of stuff that he's supposed to be such a loving God, but that's not the case at all I guess they try to Explain away or just kind of like oh that's old testament or you know, whatever You know Jesus supposed to change all that well If you read it, yeah, it was Matthew Jesus said Change the laws You also I think Jesus even comes back and says what Caesar's is Caesar's what's God's God's He's not changing any of those old testament laws, right? Yeah, I'm wondering though What if it was another God that was out there that just didn't have as good publicity and he was like no Yeah, treat other people well be good in the community Well, where is where is this God then? I mean, I don't remember if it was honor our Matthew honey one said that That God that doesn't present itself in some meaningful way is the same as being nonexistent. So You know, if that's the case then where is that God or even the God of the Bible? I mean, there's no You know, there's still no evidence to believe If you did have evidence would you believe in a God like that not necessarily worship or follow that God that at least believe that God exists I guess we're gonna have to figure out what that evidence would be Same Scientific say there was a reliable scientific method that was discovered maybe a couple of years from now The test is super natural they're able to determine a agent that corresponded pretty well to like some holy books Ultimate agent, but it's not a question of whether you would worship it. It's just would you now be more like, oh, okay We'll find say Thor Ragnarok like Thor just came down and he's legit for me. He's just a slayer He's gonna like check out these voices and he does a lightning thing. He's like by the way on Thor Check out my video games in my movies. I think you guys are doing a good job Going back to Asgard now see you later and he's and he'll come back and you can call him whatever you want And he does like shows or three just filled in Would you at least believe in the God then but not necessarily like worship them or would you like go through the whole process like crap? I gotta bring out my Nordic history book now and start reading up on Odin and stuff Well, I guess I worry more about that if and when it ever happens Yeah, I'll cross that bridge when it gets there, but until then until such evidence is presented then I'm not gonna waste my time worrying about it. Let me throw something out at you One last rear pen gentle question. What would make you worship a guy at this point? Do you have any criteria that would make you Are you saying you're absolutely never gonna do that again or is there anything that would make you be like, okay? I understand. Thank you for explaining that to me I still think it would depend on the God And it's for what kind of God it is. I mean, but even then, you know, let's present it for what heaven's supposed to be Sure, you know, why would you want to spend the eternity, you know worshiping? You know constantly, you know, what this one God has always done and been free and blah blah blah and give me I mean, why would you want to spend eternity doing that? Sure, I'd still want to exist, you know, in some form, you know, and be able to enjoy whatever there is It costs the servitude to Sure, sure, sure, sure, sure I thought we were and I was talking about this before like the quality of being worshiped Of the quality of wanting to be worshiped is nothing that anyone That was worthy of worship would want So I would think like I it's hard for me to think of a scenario where Someone's so good that they want to be worshiped like that seems to be a completely Diametrically of those sort of quality. So anyone who's like, I'm so good and worship me is either not as good as They're claiming to be because they're like, I want you to love me more than anyone else and like dedicate your life Like no one was actually good As far as I can see But it's hard for me to come up with any other characteristics of a God that is worshiping That's also present. And I know I don't have evidence to support that right? I guess one last thing So Logically, you're able to come to terms with the fact that there's no guy What about like the emotional aspects you have any fear that you're dealing with any guilt or and you were talking about like coming Out to your parents about this idea. Was there what was that apprehension is based on? Yeah, I say there was some apprehension about that with my family because I mean they're all religious and my dad Since he's retired has become super religious and actually we don't even speak to each other anymore Wow, I mean whenever I told him that I was atheists whenever it finally got to that point. Yeah, so no spot so We haven't spoken since you know, and that's on his choice. Sure I still consider him as my father, you know, but he doesn't want anything to do with me So, you know if his God is you know that important that this family doesn't mean anything more than Change Even though it's entirely on him It still affects you. It does. You know, I mean emotionally. I mean, you know, it is my father. Yeah, you know But yeah, it's his choice I'm sad It's kind of that between us, but it's not my fault What would you say to someone who's like listening to that like well, all you have to do is just believe again It's not that simple. I know Do you think it's possible to choose what you believe and I know I've asked him questions I said it'd be the last one, but is it It's not possible to choose what you want to believe in a sense like once you're trying to be convinced that something is true and Without the evidence you can't get to that same place That's such a heavy thing though. I'm sorry to hear It's been a few years now. So yeah, it's It's I would say it's easier to deal with but I just I don't know. I try not to worry about it as much. Sure. So do you think he's having the same Mental Girls we're gonna go and get started. I'm afraid I'm scared. I can't I can't open up to my son Because I have all this way on me. I think the love between the father and son should be able to like You think so, you know, I mean we weren't real close most of the time anyway, okay Yeah, I don't know what's going through his head anymore. Okay, honestly, okay, but it sounds like you've got a good head on your shoulders right now Yeah, I'm happy. Yeah, I mean, I don't need to worse. We've got to be happy And do good things for other people. I mean, you know, I still go out and you and we help at the homeless shelters and A lot of people appreciate that And I do a Hand out. I have a I run a group back home too. Okay Yeah, we do a lot of you know social good. What's the name of the group? I can plug in Tri-state area Area yeah ATC skeptics, okay ATC skeptics Thank you so much for all the work that we did You

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Dr. Satyanarayana Mysore | Panel Discussion on CNBC TV18 | Manipal Hospitals India

Watch Dr. Satyanarayana Mysore, HOD and Consultant – Pulmonology, Lung Transplant Physician, Manipal Hospitals Old Airport Road, share his thoughts and insights on COVID-19 and its impact during a panel discussion on CNBC TV18. Know more on Dr. Satyanarayana Mysore: https://bit.ly/3kI22TE #ManipalHospitalsOldAirportRoad #YourManipal #LifesOn #Healthcare #COVID19 #CNBCTV18 Best Hospital in India: Manipal Hospitals is one of the top multi-specialty hospital in India located at all major cities like Bangalore, Delhi, Vijayawada, Goa, Salem, Jaipur, Mangalore. It provides world-class 24/7 Emergency services. Our top surgeons are experts in offering the best treatment for Heart, Brain, Cancer, Eye, Kidney, Joint & all major surgeries at affordable costs. Health Check up packages are also available. To know more visit our website: https://www.manipalhospitals.com/

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by the COVID trajectory in India could be on a downward slide. The nation's tally has risen by around 49,000 to about 80.9 lakh. That's the number in the last 24 hours. But active cases continue to decline and they have been declining now for the 27 day narrows, slipping below the 6 lakh mark. Over 10.77 crore people have already been tested. Around 11,64,000 people have been tested in the last 24 hours. So what explains this downward slide? Earlier this week renowned epidemiologist Dr Jayaprakash Mulial in an exclusive interview with me said that signs of herd immunity was perhaps the only plausible explanation behind the fall in active COVID cases. On the other hand, Avelu Mani, the founder and MD of ThiroCare has alleged that authorities in certain districts in certain states were trying to control the testing process in order to show a better scorecard. Meanwhile, the latest ICMR study has highlighted that the BCG vaccine, primarily used to protect against eubochelosis, can enhance both adaptive immunity in elderly people. The study, however, is yet to be peer reviewed. Well, to get a sense of what is happening on the ground, joining me on the program, Dr Sandeep Devand, the director and HOD of Critical Care at Fortis Memorial. Also with us are Dr Sandeep Budhiraja, the group medical director of Max Healthcare. And joining us is Dr Sakinarayanan Mysore, head of department and palmyology consultant at Manipal Hospital. Drs, thanks very much for joining us here. On the point of testing, let me bring in Dr Mysore into the conversation as well. Dr Mysore, this is a point that was made by Avelu Mani here on the program, the founder of ThiroCare, suggesting that in some states, there is a hesitation to test and there is also a hesitation to report even if tests have been done. So the data may not be going back to the ICMR. Now, this is a claim that he has made. But even if you look at what the test numbers look like, there are some states or some regions where the test is disproportionately higher than others. Delhi, for instance, significantly higher than other cities or other states. Yes, there is a significant portion of anti-gen tests that are being deployed, but also RT-PCR, but the absolute number is significantly higher. So how do you attribute or what do you attribute this decline in active cases to and what do you seek on the ground? The unwritten rule of any pandemic till date over the centuries is as the cases search to appeal, the number of cases, newer cases or incidents will come down. Mechanism isn't herd immunity. It could be. Even the neutralizing antibodies have not been shown to, you know, absolutely shown to confer immunity. Is it the other way around? Is there an innate response that develops? Nobody knows, not yet to one. Testing on the matter of testing, I was part of deliberations of the Karnataka government through the Vice-Chancellor office. I think for a country of this population, like Dr. Divan mentioned, I think targeted testing should be the way to go. There is absolutely doesn't make sense spending the resources on testing a hundred and thirty per hour population. You need to identify population risk, prioritize people who need to get tested and test. Otherwise, there are, you know, chances that inappropriate use of resources in the testing quarter. South Korea has probably spent any other country on testing alone. Of course, their rates are low, but even a resource rich country in the US has not been able to, you know, test at will or at random. Even though in India we can do on-demand testing, that of course has been allowed by most state governments as well. But as Dr. Mysore is pointing out, targeted testing will perhaps be the appropriate response from here. Outside of Delhi, ample capacity, both in the general COVID wards as well as the ICUs. So that's good news that's coming in from Dr. Sandeep Divan of 40s. But Dr. Mysore, if I could ask you now to explain to us what you make of the trials that the WHO has done on the efficacy of the use of remdesivir, the ICMR saying that plasma doesn't necessarily work. It's not particularly beneficial. Now on the ground, you are the doctors who are treating patients. What do you make of what the trials are suggesting? What is working currently with patients? So from our standpoint, I am in the process of looking at more than 2000 patients treated here at Manipal and looking passionately and statistically at the data, comparing it with pre-remdesivir days that is before 24th of July to after 24th of July, when the remdesivir era started. Often I can tell you that mortality substantially improved after introduction of remdesivir. However, this is not a double blind placebo-controlled realm. It would be a retrospective audit that went in two different time zones before the drug came to Bangalore and after the drug has been used in our hospital. Now coming to focusing on the WHO trial, WHO as we all know has backtracked on six occasions earlier. Now with the solidarity trial and the interim results of the remdesivir, we find that there are a number of points that can be debated. There is one control group which was up to four or five treatment arms. Therefore, there is a partial overlap of control subjects. The interim report does not talk about diagnostic confirmation of the infection in the first place. Then what we found in our experience, timing has to be explicitly fine, whether it is remdesivir or tosalism. Whatever you use, if you do not use it at the right time, it is not going to succeed. However, in the interim results, we don't find that they have declared the timing. Baseline physiological activity or severity score is not found anywhere in that paper. So supportive care is also not defined. Here, the clear winner is a placebo and in most occasions, placebo does enhance down in the trial is not designed. And there is no, it's not a peer-reviewed paper yet. Therefore, I would not unless until there is a peer-reviewed process to that, let us look at the MTA. The MTA clearly states remdesivir is to be used and they have put out the criteria when to use it. So that is where we stand. Okay. So you're saying that, right. So you believe that there are questions with the WHO Solidarity Trial and of course, in your assessment, which is not a double-blind trial, but the data that you've been able to assess since the 24th of July, that's pre-remdesivir to now, which is post-remdesivir in your experience with all the caveats attached, you believe that it has brought down mortality rates. But as you rightly pointed out, it also depends on the timing of the administration of the drugs in the patients that have come to you. But Dr. Mysore, let me ask you again, if you share that view there that we just heard from Dr. Divan and also, you know, now there are reports coming in on antibodies and how long the antibodies last, whether it's four or five months. What is your experience at this point in time, sir? Thank you. I do agree with Dr. Divan last week. Manipal being a referral hospital, we do see post-COVID patients coming back with lots and lots of issues rather than complications. Complications are, you know, lung fibrosis, but I think that Dr. Divan was quite right. Structural changes do not translate into functional disability. Just because the CT is abnormal, it does not make someone, you know, breathe inefficiently or have low saturation. That apart, you know, one in 300, 400 patients may have a transient decrease pumping in the heart, which actually improves on its own. You catch one or two of the 300 and minimal intervention is required. Then we also find people do require general rehabilitation and physiotherapy and also pulmonary rehabilitation. There are issues related to overuse of steroids and people may require little medical help and intervention. Neurological complications we have seen are, you know, less than 0.01 percent people coming in with tremors and other issues. Liver function, derangement of this virus also behaves like a viral hepatitis kind of a virus, but even that is self-limiting most often than not. If you don't overuse medications and just assume a supportive role, this kind of gets sorted out. The most important thing is, remember patients either in home isolation or in morts or in ICU will have a lot of anxiety, stress, psychological issues and they may require a little bit of comfort and that, I think, is in excess of... Counseling. Well, doctors, you have given us reason for hope and reason for confidence, as you've heard here, from three doctors on the panel that what we are seeing is a decline in active cases. Of course, there are regional variations. For instance, Delhi at this point in time is seeing a spike, so this is not the time to be complacent, but there is also something to be said about the development of natural immunity, which seems to be acting as a shield at this point in time. Be careful about the overuse of medication and, of course, do consult your doctors if you feel that there is a problem, but, you know, anxiety and panic is not the order of the day that is needed. Dr. Sandeep Budhiraja, Dr. Sandeep Devan and Dr. Mysore, thanks very much for joining us here on CNBC TV 18 to take stock of COVID-19 and what we make of it today. We'll take a break. There's a lot more coming up. Don't go anywhere. We're back in a moment.

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Music Mavericks Podcast #4 | Rebranding, Capitalism Ruins Music, Artists Aren't Role Models

Accelerate your PERSONAL music marketing and branding at http://www.BRANDMANNETWORK.com NEWSLETTER: Join the BRANDMAN NETWORK's newsletter for monthly Music News That Matters updates and more: http://www.tinyurl.com/brandmannewsletter Get Master Music Branding guide at: http://www.brandmansean.com/mastermusicbranding DistroKid Discount: Get 7% off of your DistroKid account: HERE http://distrokid.com/vip/brandman BrandMan Channel intro beat produced by @BeatsbyMalex -- beatsbymalex.com BrandMan Sean intro produced by Aman BrandMan Sean outro beat produced by @adoniscalso -- beatstars.com/adoniscalso My website: http://www.BrandManSean.com Follow @BrandManSean on Instagram

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What's up everybody, it's Lady J Bookums. And it's Brand Man Shine. We are back with the Music Mavericks podcast. What do we got today, Lady J? So today we're going to talk about something that we started to talk about in the last episode, which was, you know, artists being role models or influences for the community. We started to talk about Juice World, but we couldn't really get into it. So we're definitely going to tackle that for today. We're also going to talk about a few things that independent artists should start doing to get themselves prepared, right? To be professional, to kind of scale up and step their game up, alright? So let's go ahead and jump right into this. You know what I mean? I said I'll waste no time and talk about the whole aspect of artists being influencers and you know, should we as the community really look up to these artists based on the things that they're talking about and doing when it comes to their music? Alright, so there's two angles that I know I want to tackle it from, from a standpoint of really digging deep into how this marketing thing works for an artist to a point that they might not even understand. People in society in general don't really even understand. Right. And people think it's an exaggeration. And then of course, practically, how can you use this as an artist? So first and foremost, we already talked about last episode, so you are an influencer whether you want to be or not. Right. You want to be an artist. If you got a little brother who's watching you, like people in your environment who are watching you, you have an influence on them that you might not even know you have, right? So they're making decisions. When we look at Juice World, it's crazy. So I can't confirm this, but I was, I heard of people, a couple of people mentioned on radio shows and things like that, that Juice World actually told Future that Future put him on to drugs. That was why he tried drugs. And Future apologized, actually, that he put him on drugs because, you know, Future was heavily on him. Right. And then he continued to even make music on it after he finally got off, but he got off and he continued to make music about it for a period of time on it. And they made their joint project, World on Drugs, Juice World. Yeah, yeah. Right? So I think that's, that enough shows, the fact that Juice World said that Future was the reason that he even tried drugs shows you the influence of an artist on the population, the influence of a voice. Because at the very least, if we go to the core, core, core of marketing, what's the very first thing? Get attention. Right. Why is that? We can't act. We can't buy. We can't do things that we don't know about. Exactly. Right? I like to even get as deep, and I had this thought at like a very young age, but it was wild enough to me. If you look at depression, sad, and some of the things like, and we talk about the sad music, because a lot of this is depressed music that we actually borrowed from rock culture. We always say we rock stars these days. We borrow this emo from rock culture, and they already went through this. They already have seen this and knows what this looks like, hip hop is just experiencing it now. But when we look at that type of music, I remember having this thought when I was younger, and I was like, man, you know how people talk about a lot of people who are depressed, they'll cut themselves and things like that. Now, very well, it is, you might get depressed and you might think to do something like that. Right? Hurt yourself in any kind of way. There's so many ways to inflict pain to yourself, whether it's not physical, just through my relationships, I'm destroying the world around me, or I'm becoming aggressive, or I literally self-inflate pain physically to myself. The thing is, though, when so many people do that particular thing, and oftentimes use the same items, that's not nature. That's because I've seen that other depressed people do this. Right. It's been marketed to me, I've become aware, and sometimes there's that balance of creating awareness to talk against it and say, hey, kids, you shouldn't do this, and then the balance that you also just told some kids that this is what you do, and how do you do it. Right? It's this weird balance that always goes on, and we have to kind of work with, but just starting from the fact that creating awareness that something exists is marketing in and of itself. Right. That's true. Now, this is one thing. When artists are first coming out, let's say, for Juice World, for an example, so when you first come out, most of the time, that first project is like your truest project of who you were. You know what I mean? It talks about the struggle that you've been through, it really starts, most artists, like their first project really speaks on things that happen in their life, right? So at some point, when you start to get noticed from this project, it's kind of like for artists like, okay, everybody love this from me. This version of me. So it's like now. It's like Mary J. Blige, everybody likes to press let Mary J. Blige when she's in pain. Right. And it's like now, that's because as an artist, when you know like, okay, everybody love that from me, this is what people want, do you feel like it all, it kind of makes artists stay in that moment? It's like for artists, like if you knew that this would got you popping, and you know, this is all the things that I was doing to get this music to come out. I was doing drugs or I was so depressed and I was all this. Do you think that's one reason why artists have to kind of stay in that or they feel like they have to stay in that mood to, in order to keep producing that kind of music. So for a person like Juice Worker, you know, I was listening to a lot of his projects. There's no transition from like 2017 his music and they're all we have until now. All of the projects are sad. All of the projects have been talking about dying young, popping pills, you know, being so high, like all of them have talked about the same thing. So it has been no, you know, progression or, or transition to a better life because now you have more, you have the ability to, or you have things to where you didn't have before. So you shouldn't be that sad. People will think. So it's like. Yeah. I mean, I think there's a lot of truth to what you're saying, actually. Just because, and I don't know, not for him specifically, but just because any idea when we look at artists who are creating music and then they play around with this one song and it takes off and now they kind of get trapped in that. Right. Right. It's the same concept. So, and then if you have to do and be in a certain mindset to be there, then that's a whole another thing. And that's what worked. That that's what's working. This is what's getting me out of the hood or this is what's paying my bills. And this is what people want to see from me. It's a weird space to be in, right, to not want to be like that. And then also get your best results superficially at the very least, right, and money and fan love and all that stuff from this side and this, this space that I'm in. So I think that's interesting, but at the end of the day, that's part of the problem because we have gotten to the point where I'm always connected to commerce, right? Like capitalism, how business works, patterns, marketing. That's always how I'm going to think about it. So yes, this artist comes out to do this and he breaks the breakthrough because it's sad, blah, blah, blah. Now not only does he possibly do more of that if he gets into that trap, or maybe that's just something he likes doing because he's young and that's how he's feeling. But now he doesn't realize how hard it might be to get out of that. But then now the record labels are going to say, Oh, I need me a sad man. Like we're me. That's not even the words I want to use, but I need to find me a sad artist. I need to find me a sad artist and now we literally start to market sadness to kids and that creates and permeates this entire vibe and energy on a whole generation. And now I'm listening to sad music, despite what you think, sad music doesn't make you happy. Like some people get happy listening to sad music, but that's just not how the laws of the universe works. We can go science. It doesn't work like that. And these thoughts that you allow to be in your brain, they affect you even if you don't think that they're affecting you because it's not as immediate. We all think that we're all good. Just like we think, Oh, I just took a little hit of this and I'm straight. Not really. You're still affected, maybe not to the fact you might not look wild like this person, but you're still affected. So when it comes to the music, like you're putting these people in a place where for what some people you're taking people from a happier, not as dangerous state and put them there. Right. And then from a standpoint of people who are already in that space, I understand the idea of connection and relating. Oh, this person feels that way too. But even sometimes that comfort in that space can become a dangerous thing. Right. Of course, it does help some people connect enough to have time to get out of it as well. It's just a, but like my problem is the marketing of it when it becomes gets to a point where it's profitable to push this on people because people, these businesses do not care like in large when we think about the large, large, large institutions where you can't really attribute it just to one single individual. Right. You know, this is just an entire system that's at play that's hard to just stop. You don't pump the brakes. It takes years to even evolve and change. It's going to take the most profitable product and then multiply that. And sometimes the most profitable product is destructive. So do you think that's, I mean, this is not like a fact, but it has to be something on, you know, the people that are on his record labels or on the record labels or in those positions that are kind of like over your career, like they know everything that you're talking about. They know the things that you're doing to kind of produce this music or, you know, things that you're saying in your music, but it's like they're not really doing anything to cut that off. So when it comes to marketing is like, do you feel like they're encouraging you to like be this person, like be the sad person duty? I would say, yeah, because I would say, like, they're probably not telling you, like, go get you some part. Did you have some part today? Like, Perk in the Buns, like, I don't think they're, they're coming out and saying that, but they're also not, they're also, like you said, signing a wave of people that are in this place, you know what I'm saying? And then they have to turn around and market that. So it's like, they know what's going on, you know what I mean? So it's almost like, I don't know if it's something that can be like slowed down or taken away because I do feel like that, that is actually for like any type of genre of music. Like when you said about Mary J, that's the same as like Keisha Cole. Like Keisha Cole went through, she was kind of like the up and coming Mary J. She had that breakup music and, you know, that I'm a woman stand tall music. And then when she went through that period where she was getting married to the movie, the basketball player, she started being all in love and dropping like happy songs and like everybody was like, what? Nah. And then she, and then the music went down. Like people couldn't follow that because they're like, yo, that's not what we came here for. You know what I'm saying? So we go back to the system. And so he's like, there's so many stakeholders, the fans, the artists. Like it's, it becomes a bigger system that's harder to stop because, oh, I'm trying to keep my job. I'm at this label and I need to hit these numbers or else they might fire me or a lot of other hungry person to like to take over what I'm doing. So if this is going to help me hit my numbers, I'm going to push this, right? And I'm going to push this artist. So when it comes to being that artist and being an influencer to other people, like how do they even really break out of that? Because if you're, if you start out just being who you are and telling your story at the moment and that picks up to the world, but then the world is like wanting more of this from you. And then you get picked up by a label and they're like, no, you gotta do more of this because this is what it's selling. Like how much responsibility can we put on that artist? Because it's like, this is what everybody is pushing you to do for you to be successful. Yeah. So it's like, you either going to do it or not do it. Like rebranding is difficult for a lot of people. Like it's a because it takes time and you have to be intentional and you have to stick to it and have to sometimes deal with some of that short term backlash, which should, you know, when you look at the fact that some people do a lot of crazy stuff just to deal with it for short term backlash when they think it's going to get them attention. It's more so not the fact that they're not willing to sometimes go through the backlash, but it's just a longer term result versus short term benefit. So like artists, you one have to have balls to do it. Like it'd be serious about it. Like if you want to rebrand whatever vibe you get into, but a lot of it takes talent too. Like I think juice world, somebody who could have done that. That dude was crazy talented, like crazy, crazy. Like one of, like when it comes to that generation of artists, he was one of my favorite off of just pure talent alone. So like, I think if he got to a certain point where he wanted to do that, not knowing anything, what he want, like his personal thoughts, I think he could have done that. Somebody like X could have done that just because talent, it takes a level of talent to make some artists get lucky and they catch a vibe in a specific pocket and they really can make great music on, you know, on any, any other bag. But the idea and sometimes it's like you have to just accept you're not going to be on the same level, but this is more profitable for you or a better lifestyle, more healthy and long term, it's going to be better. It's just not in the short term. You might be lower, but long term is just like being on a high scale because you're at a record level, but you might be an indie artist and get bigger cut. And you just, if you stay in the game, you can get more long term depending. It's not everybody's situation. Not that cut and dry, but like is that. And then also, again, though, the other people to do it and we can say, oh, they're super successful. That's going to be talent. Like there's no, the only way to truly rebrand fully in that type of way is to outdo what you did prior. Right. Like, so we say Cardi B with the stripper and Cardi B with the, um, the personality and all that kind of stuff. And no, it wasn't just like Bodak Yellow and now she's, she's popping just because she already had a platform. She struggled. She made music and her music was not necessarily all that great. It got some attention, but it wasn't all that great. They didn't think about that until she dropped Bodak Yellow. And Bodak Yellow is so much better than the other stuff she was doing. It was, it allowed her to be known on a higher level and transcend that other stuff, right? Like now it's like, oh, we can look at her as an artist. So you, sometimes you just have to, it's not that it's like being good at something can be a curse if you don't have the ability to do the other things at a higher level. You get what I mean? Yeah. Yeah. So I think that's, that's a, that's a real true statement. You know what I mean? And, but I still think like, if you, I think it's just even more than talent. I think you have to be bold enough to do it. You know what I mean? Because balls, balls are bad. You already know that. You quit the line of balls for like women. Like if they say I got balls, like takes balls to do it. What would you say? I think women still say balls. I don't know. Oh, okay. Like, you're not going to say like, to a different set. Right. Yeah. Thanks. Uh, but yeah, I think you got to, you have to be brave enough to like do it, you know, because you already know, first of all, as an artist, especially when you sign a lot of times until you get to a certain point, like you're, you do have, you're doing what the companies want you to do. You know what I mean? So sometimes you don't really have that free range to even decide to switch your stuff up yet. You know what I mean? Like even Tiana Taylor, when she dropped her project, you know, she talked about, after she did it, she talked about how like it wasn't all her creative idea because she was still like under Kanye and it was like, you know, they had a vision for her that she kind of was going with, but it wasn't like all her thing. You know what I mean? So it's like, you kind of, sometimes you got to kind of get a few things under you so that you can get to that point where you have more creative ability or, you know, you have more say so things that you're doing. More leverage, all leverage, life is leverage. And I think people, a lot of artists shoot themselves in the foot because sometimes it's not that you can't go this direction. Like, yes, I get that you want to switch up at some point, but you have to understand if you lengthen your timeline, you'll have the ability to get more leverage and make it happen. So some people want to rebrand in the day, like give yourself some time to flower or maybe have this pop away for a while and then come back. But once you work on a longer timeline, it works, it becomes a lot easier to rebrand because now you can do the necessary steps that allows the leverage to make it happen, whether it's because you have to deal with business stuff, whether it's because you have to deal with fan psychology, whatever you're dealing with. But it's that short microwave mentality that makes most of these moves impossible for people. Right. And then one thing you said, you know, when it comes to Cardi B, you know, her change was like big because even though she's still like super out of control or not even out of control, but just she's still got that. That frame is she's still with the vibes. You know, but she's, she's, she's definitely like way more polished even the way she speaks. You know what I mean? Like she, when she was to speak, like loving the pop, she'd be like, what? She, you know, and she even did like a speaking class on the show where she just was out of line, but like even the way she speaks now is just more like refined. You know what I mean? So it's like, it's not that she changed. She just learned how to be more professional and carry herself and stuff like that. But then I also think surrounding yourself with certain people will also let you get, like help you get to another level. Because I remember when she, when she was dropping Boda Yellow and a couple of projects, she was saying how she didn't feel like it was going to be a thing and Offset was the one who was telling her like, no, we need to drop that. We need to drop that. So it's like, you have somebody else around you that's very successful, you know, and in their music. So it's like that influence kind of helped her like shape her into doing certain things, you know, opening up her mind to different possibilities because they do different things. So I think like us as people and us as artists, sometimes we are who we surround ourselves with as well. If you notice like Juice WRL, you know, hung a hung a lot with the other emo people who like you hanging around all sad people. You know, I saw Trippie Red just put on Instagram the other day, how, you know, after Juice WRL passed, he was like, yo, we're not doing drugs no more. Like, and he was like, when I say we, we mean the whole community, like all the emo, you know what I mean? Like all of us, we're not doing that. He said that he was like, if it's not we, he said, if it's not we, we're not doing it. And he literally looked like he wanted to cry, but he said that, you know what I mean? So it's like when you hanging around everybody that's doing this, how it's hard for you to get out of that place or get away from that, you know, that thing that's kind of holding you down and keeping you stuck. Like people make you feel like, oh, we all going to be comfortable in, in this mood or in this area. Sometimes it takes to, yeah, sometimes it takes somebody else to be like, to open your mind to other things, you know what I mean? Or other ways to go about things. That's exactly what it like. That's an environment. That's what it is, right? So we talked about the larger system influencing these things and making it hard to change and you capitalize and you keep pushing this down fans' throats because it's profitable. But then, of course, in life, we have these micro systems, which are the environments and we choose to be in the people we change. You choose to hang out and there's these natural things that are happening within it. And that's what it sounds like in that particular case. And, yeah, to me, it's hard for artists to ever try to use the idea that I'm not a role model, I'm not an influencer. A role model, I guess, that has a cash aid to it. That has a specific idea. So maybe you say you're not a role model, but you can't ignore the fact that you have influence because exposure, exposure itself is influenced because it's ideas that are being inputted into our brains like a computer, right? And in some form of fashion, that affects what we put out, right? You can try to suppress and minimize some things. And but it all is always on form how we see the world. It's always going to inform and add to the filter of how we interpret things. So, like, if you give this type of content to people, that's going to be what they have to work with and how they they act, what they want to do, what they want to behave in. Oh, this is fun. So I want to have fun when I get to a certain age. Oh, I'm at a party and this is what they do when they have fun. They I want to have fun, too, because that's what has been marketed to me. That's the awareness that's been created to me. Well, it's like, how do we combat that, though? Because it's like, you know, music is the freedom of speech. Most people's music is really talking about the things that they have literally been through or witness or whatever. So when we have music, you know, track music or whatever, a lot of the music talks about drugs. A lot of the music kind of, you know, degrades women. You know, a lot of the music does these things. That's where I've been. Like, like, I've been I've been through a sad experience and now I'm a degree. But it's like. Because I degree degree to my real life. If you grow up, you know, a lot of people grow up in the house, you know, especially, you know, minorities, you growing up in the house with without your dad, your mom is probably a single mom, or you probably had a stepdad in the house, like in men in and out. You know, so it's like your mom is probably working. So you're more so raised on the street. So you're raised. You're around all the people on the street. Not everybody. That's not everybody. There's a lot of there's a lot of people who do not grow up in that. Right. I used to be mad and try to get like, there's a lot of people who do not grow up in that. But this looks appealing or interesting. And then they'll try to, you know, dip their toe in the hood. I used to tell everybody like some people like, bro, no, we are trying to get out. People don't want to like outside of people who are comfortable. So they just don't they're afraid to leave. A lot of people are trying to get out. You can't just, you know, come through and frolic through it because it's a trap. Like, right. You think you just go to this party, but once you get into certain environments, then I don't know, man. Like I get to me, that's my bigger problem. The people that get drawn in that aren't of that and they think it's a game. So when you got the people who never really get in it and they're just watching on TV and that's a lot the masses. So they fund the reason for do it because now we're going to give you more of this. Oh, this is bringing us money. Then you have the people who are truly affected where because of the marketing of it, they get into it. And then their life is there, you know. But we do have those people who came from it. And then you got the people who came from it. So the people who came from it, this is where it's originating from. You know, so it's like, how can we tell you, like, you can't, you shouldn't talk about these things because now you're influencing kids. Like, right. So it's like, we can't really ever have a solution to the fact that, you know, we have all of this music that influences millions of people who talks about all of these, what most people will say is negative things and influencing people to do things and say things and act a certain way or whatever. Like, we can't really do anything about it. That goes back to my perspective on the Lizzo conversation, right? Sometimes the thing in and of itself is not the worst thing in the world, but it's how it gets, what's the word I'm looking for? Whatever, I'm not gonna remember that word right now. But it gets taken and repurposed, right, for agendas. That's when stuff becomes a real problem. So that's, like, we can't tell these kids or these artists, you almost want that, you want that level of expression and awareness to exist in the world, in the space. You want people to tell the stories, you want the news to report from the ground, but you don't, but when it gets repurposed for these agendas or when it becomes synonymous with certain forms of capitalism during certain periods, that's when it becomes dangerous. How do you control, you know, capitalism, right? Like, the stuff is multi-layered and you can run in circles in your mind all day, so I don't. But at least understanding that it's connected, for one, it's just a part of, for me, like being a marketer, like you gotta know, so it allows you to make the decisions that you're making, you have to be able to see it and analyze it in that way. My issue is just when people act like it's, none of that stuff is connected. When they act like, oh yeah, these songs are not that big of a deal or they say, you know, all that stuff, it's like, bro, no, yes it is. It's too apparent that it's, to say, oh, guns and music or entertainment and all that stuff doesn't affect the way you look at stuff or trying, it does, drugs, sex, happy stuff, like things you might consider positive, whatever, it all affects all of it in the same way you might look at your parent doing something and do something because of it. It's just a mere exposure of it. Let's start there. It doesn't mean that you did something wrong. It's just the reality, it is what it is and let's move and try to make, get to the results you wanna get to. Right, right. So I mean, I think we can wrap this up. I think for anything, I think for artists, I just feel like, you know, just remember that you are an influencer, the moment that you decide to be an artist or entertainer, you're going to be influencing people around you, period. So, at some point, you know, you do have a level of responsibility to others based on what you're doing. So with that being said, I also wanna switch it over and, you know, talk about some things that you guys can start doing to start preparing yourself, to be more professional, to just scale your business up, you know what I mean? So, one thing for me, and you can throw in, one thing for me that's important for artists is your performance, right? I always, I talk to the brand man about it, you know, I talk to a lot of artists about it. A lot of y'all performance is, it ain't it, it ain't it, you know what I mean? And the weekend was a trash performance week, a performance week popped off and he even said it himself. Right, but you know what? The thing is, the difference is, you know, some people learn from their experiences and then some people don't. So I see a lot of independent artists when I go to shows, you know, I was just on a panel recently and they had, there's always something that could go wrong, right? So the DJ was playing music, the DJ was all the way messing up the artist set. Like, every artist set, he was like speeding it up or he kept like looping the beginning and then it was totally throwing the artists off where A, you can see them getting mad, you can see them like losing their whole mind in front of the crowd. And it's like, one, the crowd is seeing what's happening. They understand that the DJ is messing your set up but you got as an artist, a performer, you got to learn how to keep the show going. If you see the DJ messing you up, the music ain't sounding right, you still got to be able to communicate to the audience, talk to them because these artists was totally like, like they just wanted to get off stage now, you know what I mean? But it's like, yo, it's people in the audience, we actually rocking with you because we see the DJ messing your set up, right? So it's like, you got to be able, you got to understand that first of all, the show must go on. You have to learn how to keep your set going. I also think that artists need to start exercising. Your artist be out of breath. You rappers, especially you rappers, singers don't really move around too much. And if they do, they got some type of choreography going on. But like rappers that y'all be so hyped, y'all do the bouncy thing back and forth. And then y'all be out of breath. Nah, I get it. Like that's real because when we talk about artist development and all that stuff, a part of it was exercises and like, rapping while I'm doing stuff, I'm on the treadmill and I'm saying my lyrics and all that stuff. Like seriously, that's the thing. Like I only know one artist these days who I got to know on a ground level who would be taking part of something like that. And that was Yanni Moe and sir, like he would be putting her through that old school gamut and like she was dopest. I remember she performed sick one night. Like for real, she was like got off the stage and there was like a rap pass out type type. But she killed for that moment, she was able to lock in and go. And you would have never known from a crowd standpoint. And it was amazing. I enjoyed it. What I knew was supposed to be happening and everything anyway. Like I forgot about the fact you were sick, right? But most artists can't really do that. And to know, all right, so camera stop for a second. So maybe I shouldn't. Nah, nah, we wanna know what you're doing. I shouldn't be going into details. But I used to do this. I was in an acting class or whatever, theater and all that stuff. Really? Yeah, I'm dope. I actually, one man show, I can kill it. Like all kind of accents and all that stuff. But that's a different life, you know what I mean? Okay. I'm the most interested man in the world, little key. But we had, whenever I would do speeches, right? Or scripts. And this wasn't even just for that. This might be a speech for class or something like that. I would practice it in different states, right? To the point where no matter what happened, I would be able to kill it. So I'm talking about, I might do it sleepy, right? And I'm gonna practice just to kill it. Fresh when I wake up, I might drink a little something and still practice it. You know what I mean? I might do an accent. I would practice it for all these different angles. Like I ain't going to the extreme. I don't really wanna hear an accent. I'm not gonna even talk about like how deep I would get into like, deep into it. But like I would literally practice it from so many different states, you know what I mean? So many different environments where no matter what happened, when it happened. You can still kill it. Now that's a thing. Okay, so a lot of artists don't actually rehearse. You know what I mean? And I think that y'all gotta start getting into rehearsals because when I was at this show, it was a young lady. She was a rapper and she was from up north. So she had that old school like Foxy Brown kind of style rapping, which was dope. It was refreshing. But she was like, she didn't have a show track, which is something that a lot of people need. So as she's rapping, she's like rapping over her vocals, which is clashing. And then when she's, then she's running out of breath. So when she runs out of breath, she actually puts the mic down and just let the music rap for her. And then she's just like this. But it's like, we don't even know your song to vibe with you. So you gotta keep rapping or keep moving, bust a move or do something. I'm like, don't just put your mic down and look tired. Because that's what she was doing. But it's like, and then she literally, she knew I was one of the judges. So she got off stage and I told her, like, you know, I like the feel of your music gave me that old school feel. And she was like, oh man, I ran out of breath. And I'm like, first of all, I know that, but why don't you tell me that? You know what I'm saying? But it was just like, yo, and she was just like, you know, I'm just, I'm trying to figure out how to do this. Like she didn't really practice on how to be performing and moving and connecting with the crowd at the same time. You know what I mean? Even if you gotta run out of breath, like you gotta practice where to take your breath at. You know what I'm saying? So that's one thing you guys gotta start doing. Start having some rehearsal, which actually will give you more content. If you start having rehearsals, you can videotape yourself and use that as content. So it's more than one benefit to rehearsing, right? And then also get other people, if you're gonna have people in the crowd, you know, if you have a show where you're rehearsing, you can literally tell all your people to come out and tell them what to do. Or when I get on a hook, I'm gonna be dancing like this, all y'all dance like this. It's like a way to get creative. The best athletes in the world, best performances in the world, whether you're talking about Beyonce or Tom Brady or LeBron James, they watch film of themselves, critique themselves and figure out how to get better. Like, are y'all doing that with y'all cells? Are you just performing? And it's like, oh man, that was a great night and you were just happy to have you performed and you don't even have the ability to look back and think back. Well, okay yeah, I felt like I was doing good in my head but the crowd looks like, who is this trash person? Exactly. Or I could have did that better, even if it was perfect. These people who are beyond and already considered the best are looking at themselves, trying to figure out how to get better. How seriously do you take your own stuff? That's why I don't have like any remorse sometimes. When for real, like when you aren't taking that seriously, like how can you expect to get those results? Yes, people get lucky and this person doesn't have that ability. This person doesn't have talent. They're still successful. This person, like cool, but when you go through stuff, you might not have all those other benefits that other people have. All you can do is focus on what you can control. I'm big on focusing on what you can control. So if you aren't doing stuff like that to make yourself better in your art form, your craft and then the same thing when it comes to your business and professionalism and all that stuff, then you can't be mad when you get certain results. Right, it's gonna be really hard for you to scale up. So definitely do that. Another thing I wanted to throw in there. Drop the list on this one. You know, another thing, and this is not even in order. You know what I'm saying? Another thing you guys wanna do is make sure that you are updating your platforms as far as like your bios, especially like coming into new projects, like your bios on all your platforms, your social media, your website, you should update those. Your pictures. One thing I really wanna talk about is pictures because when I'm putting shows together or if I'm doing stuff where I need an artist to send me a pic, like, yo, the pictures be out of line. Y'all have pictures be out of line. First of all, they be like selfies. They make it in a diaper. Yeah, crazy, but it's like, yo, if you ever, if you notice, you know, any celebrity, the reason why they can easily be put on different flyers at any given time is because they have those pictures where they can be cut out. So you guys need to start having a photo shoot where you're on a plain, solid background, like a white background, even if it's colored, a flat color to where you can be taken out and put on a flyer easily, you know what I'm saying? So they like, I get that problem all the time and I hate it. And it's because like, y'all pictures, if you send me a random picture, sometimes I can't fit you into the space that's allocated for an image on a flyer. So now I gotta do all of this maneuvering. You know, you as an artist, you should always have a full body shot, half a body shot, a head shot, and that should all be on like some plain background to where you can reuse all the time. And then you can get in more into your creative bag and do photo shoots outside or in Rose versus or whatever y'all be doing for these photo shoots. But you should always have that variety so that you never have a problem with people being like, nah, I can't use this picture. I can't use this picture. Send me another one, send me another one. And they should definitely be high resolution, like 300 DPI, but that's getting deep into the details. But you need some updated pictures for whatever project you're doing, you should have a set of something new. Like to keep it simple, you wanna make it as easy as possible for people to do business with you, to spread the word, all that stuff. The more hurdles they have to jump, the harder it is gonna be for them to deliver. And they might just say, look, next time, bruh. Right. Yeah, next time I might not come. Or it's like, I couldn't put you on this flyer so somebody else on the flyer now you messed out on the op. So at the end of the day, man, like, cause I have a homie right now, I needed a picture for something we doing together and he wasn't sending it fast enough so I took this bad picture online as a filter. I took a bad picture from his other stuff where I'm like, bruh, really need to change this picture. And then this man actually didn't recognize that that was a bad picture. And the only reason I know was he took a picture that looked exactly like that bad picture. I'm like, yo, so he did this on purpose. So I didn't even hit him back. I'm like, nah, I don't wait till we can talk. I'm gonna sit with him. I gotta walk him through the process. So with that being said, you might need someone who's a professional, like in terms of like, if I'm out of camera, let me provide photography and all that kind of stuff. I can have a decent eye to get at least solid enough. But now you might, you should go ahead and get a professional and invest in that one time, get as many outfits, squeeze it in. Say like, if they hourly squeeze in like five outfits so however you gotta do it. And now you can use that variety of those different looks for things as they come in. You can use the same set for a couple of years. Exactly. Exactly. So that's definitely another thing that y'all wanna like get together, get your pictures right so that you can move forward. Something else that bothers me is- Grind your gears? It's just boy, y'all are this boy, boy. This artist be bothering me. You know, a lot of artists when they are, well I know this because you know, I have a show coming up and I have artists sending me stuff. And if you call yourself an artist, right? I'm gonna need you to have recent music. I have artists right now that's sending me stuff from 2016, right? And I'm like, and you're saying that you're an artist right now. So there ain't no way that you don't have up to date music. So for all of you guys, and now I'm not saying that- But it sounds great though. So is it like this? Cause it sounds old or just the fact that it was created back then? The fact that, first of all, I feel like sometimes, a lot of times music gets dated. So you can hear a song and the beat, the vibe, it feels like something from years ago, you know what I mean? And with this show in particular, I had multiple artists sending me stuff. Now I have requirements like I need you to have a video, all of this. So all of it looked old. You know what I mean? Like all of it looked old. And I'm like, what do you have that's right now? Are you still an artist? Or are you just- Just saw an opportunity and was like, how do you have a nation? So it's like, if you're a person and you're reaching out to people because you're trying to get placements, you're trying to get booked for things, like people want to see what have you done recently? You know, what have you done for me lately? Like, what have you done lately? If you're trying to get booked for shows, and you can't send me anything that's up to date, that kind of tells me, as a booking agent, as a promoter, like, if you don't even got nothing recent, that tells me you probably don't even got no fans right now, or you don't have nobody moving for you. It's just like a bad look, man. So it's like, first of all, artists should be recording or producing music on a regular basis. Now there's no like, oh, you need to bust down a song once a week or release a song once a month, but you definitely should be recording and creating music if this is what you do for a living, on a continuous basis. You know what I'm saying? So it's like, if you are artists and you don't really have anything new, maybe your thing right now is to get a project together, create some new music, get your imagery together, get your presence together. Maybe you are trying to go through a rebranding phase, and maybe that's one reason why you kind of took a moment off, but like, you got to hit people with some stuff with right now, and stop like sending all of this old, super old music that sounds outdated, the visuals look outdated. You know, in the video you had Bray's and now you got a cut like, Brand Man Sean, you know what I mean? You sent me pictures where you had locks and now you got a low cut, like everything has to translate with who you are right now, because if you want people to promote you as who you are, like, and we're putting out flyers and we're putting out content and then people are seeing like, people that look too different, like two different people, it don't correlate, like it don't go together. So we need to update everything. You need new music, now's the time to start working on something new, get some fresh sounds, you know, get everything that's new. I can say as like to artists, what you're hearing right now is the type of person you want to do business with, because the people who don't care about those things, the quality of their show or whatever they're doing in the other spaces is going to be on the same level. So they're not carrying and holding you to those standards. Yes, you can say, oh, I got in, but now you can also expect those low standards to be in the other aspects. So it's actually not worth being a part of that thing in the first place. So you want the people that you do business with to hold people to those types of standards, to have barriers to the level of quality of artists and the other people they do business with, because I've definitely been through that, especially when I was doing my festival, that's my biggest experience was artists and things like that. For one, even if the music doesn't sound outdated and isn't wack, you have the idea, just from a business standpoint, am I trying to put an artist out there and promote an artist that isn't active? They're not committed and they're not constantly working towards their career because it's like, yeah, I believe in you, but I'm not your manager trying to build you up. So I want, my incentive is to have an artist that's dope right now and for that artist to continue to be dope and enlarge in their platform, because now I'm associated with that. That's how the people who are doing events or doing certain things are gonna be thinking. So it's in your best interest or in their best interest to work with people who are currently active, currently grinding and doing work without them, because now I can add my sauce onto it. And then if people really see you doing that stuff, they'll add something extra or they'll really, oh man, this artist is dope and I think this artist is going somewhere. I see the momentum, let me get him on because I wanna let everybody know about him and I want them to know that I was the one that told them about him. You know what I mean? But you have to put yourself in a position to look like that, because then people will start coming to you more or doors are opening for you a lot faster. Right, and from a fan standpoint, like if somebody hears a song, right, I just hear a song, but now I wanna look you up. So I go look you up on YouTube. People look at dates, I know I do. Like I look at like, when was this video posted? You know what I mean? Little video, especially, yeah. Right, it's less on Spotify though. Right, it's less on Spotify, but I feel like a lot of people, oh, I know me personally, I think when I listen to something new, I'm always trying to find the visual because me, I'm just activated visually. Like I like to see something, you know, sometimes you watch videos and it makes you like a song more because you've seen some type of visual to it and it kind of like, it engage with you to, it like reeled you in versus you just hearing it. You know what I'm saying? So it's like, a lot of people will go and start to look you up. And I'm one of those people, like I go to YouTube because I wanna see like what your visuals look like, especially when I hear of artists that I don't know who this person is, like I wanna see what you look like. You know what I mean? So I'll go to YouTube and search for some type of video. And then I always look at the date, like is this video, is this a recent artist? It's old, what does it mean to you? Like if it's old and I can't find anything that's recent, it makes me feel like I'm wasting my time. And you can't find something recent. Right, and I can't find something recent. I'm just like, okay, well, maybe this artist is not even doing music no more. So like, what's the point? You know what I'm saying? Oh, dang, they were dope. They could have went somewhere or did something, but. Yes, but you got me on a hyphen and saw a hot and bothered, you know what I mean? And then just let me down. I'm unfinished. You know what I mean? And complete. That's how we took it down. So it's like, boy, you gotta come with the package and you should wanna not cause, I don't know if that's your fault. Whatever. But it's like, yo, before you, it's like, yo, a lot of your artists are constantly reaching out to people to like put you on and do this and do that. And then they're asking you like, okay, send me what you got. Send me pictures. Send me this, send me that. And it's like, you just don't have nothing recent. So it makes people feel like they're wasting their time trying to put into you. You know what I mean? When you don't even, clear it looks like you're not putting into yourself, so. No, 100%. Like I still always go back to this artist who rejected him for his show. And I was like, bruh, you don't have anything. Right. Like literally, I couldn't tell he was an artist. Look, from looking at his Instagram, I couldn't find music. Like he literally had nothing. And then this artist had the nerve to get mad and say, look, man, you don't know what you missing out on. I was going to debut my music at your event. And I was like, no the hell you weren't. It should work like that. If you think I'm a risk, my credibility, I'm just like, I have no idea about. So I don't understand how artists put themselves in that position to think of themselves. I get the having to build up confidence and that becomes a part of the game sometimes. But the level, the goal that some of these people have like as far as not understanding the other side of the business and the value that you need to be bringing, not just the fans, but to the other people. What matters to them, right? The more you can put yourself into the mind state of the person you're doing business with, understanding their business model and just what matters to them, the more you can make it easy for yourself to be a value to them and to just create a relationship that actually gets an impact. So. Right, cause one thing is like, you're going to lose out on a lot of opportunities because you're not prepared. You know what I mean? Like you might lose out on a gig because you don't have no pictures for a flyer or you don't have your music in a certain type of format. You know, which is another thing that y'all should be having like. When you said you're not prepared for life. No, not prepared. It reminded me. So my sister had his home girl. They were at school. They were a personal story. They were at Jackson State and Russell Simmons came apparently. And she was like, oh my God, like can I get an autograph? And the girl, I mean, he was like, yeah, yeah, yeah. And he was like, where's your pen or whatever? And she was like, oh man, I don't have a pen. And I was like, okay, an I-5? And she looked at her, dead in the face. It was like, you're not prepared for life. And she just walked away. I was like, oh my God. Wow. But yo, that's a fact. Like you, like, listen, we can't go places or do things expecting certain things and we're not even prepared to be able to take on that opportunity. So I think it's a lot of opportunity that a lot of you guys miss out on, especially those artists who really are talented. Like you, your music really sounds good, but to a lot of people that's, it takes much more than good music to market and to, you know, to put on a show and everything. So it's like, it's not just about your music. You have to be more than your music. You have to be your business manager. You have to be your own assistant. You have to be your own, all of these people so that you can put all of these things together. So when you're going to promoters or music supervisors or licensing companies or whoever to get placements or do whatever you need to do, then you have exactly what they need. They don't have no room to ask you no questions. Cause when I'm looking to book somebody for a show, it's like, you should off the bat, send me, you should already have a drop box or a thumb drive or a hard drive or something filled with everything that people need in order to be able to promote you, which is your music. You know, you might want to start thinking about and I feel like a lot of artists don't do this for some reason, but a lot of artists don't even have the different versions of their song, like a radio edit, explicit version, you know, the stems, the, you know, just, just the vocal. Like y'all don't even have all of these different versions. So how do you expect to get on different radio stations? Every radio station, you can curse, you know, every, you know, podcast or whatever, everybody on curse on everything. So for you to not miss out on that opportunity, why don't you have a radio version, all right? You can't run no ads when cursing in your videos, you know what I'm saying? So it's like, it's a, it's a lot of things that you guys got to really hone in on so that you can start scaling yourself. You're probably holding yourself back from not doing a lot of these things. Facts, that's all I got. Right, I mean, we go down, we go down lists. You don't kill the topic. Yeah, being professional, like period, right? And again, the shortcut to being professional when you're working with other people is understanding what's a value for them, what that task they need to do, what you need them to help you with and making it easy for them. Right. Like that's it, just make it easy for them. And now that also makes it easy for you because I've been in situations where someone like, Brandon, matter of fact, you asked me for a picture. I wasn't gonna say it. And that's just like two, three weeks. So like, I'm like, man, I don't have, now I gotta go and try to get a haircut. And I don't like these other pictures of me and not having that to just send over, right? Then it makes it one, once again, it delays their process or makes it harder for them. But then also you might have to interrupt what you're doing and it might not be a good time to do that. So you create a longer timeline and now you really are making it difficult to keep the ball rolling. Right. So like, just do that stuff. It'll be worth it on the back end, even though it might seem annoying, put the entire package together, whatever that looks like for you. Everybody who's actively trying to do something as some sort of public figure should have something like that. Or if you just have a business, you should have something like that. Definitely should have that. That makes it easy for people to communicate and understand what you stand for so they can do that for you. Right. And I wanna end it off with this one last thing which is more like a challenge to my artists. You know, one thing I wanna challenge you guys to do is to start putting yourself in different situations or around different people. Meaning that if you're an artist, you know, start going to business events where they're talking about building your business in general, right? If you're an artist, start going to summits where they're teaching you how to do things or workshops where they're actually teaching you how to be a successful artist. Get out of that mind state of like, oh, I'm a pop up at this networking event or this showcase or something. Get out of that and start surrounding yourself with people that are outside of the music but still have relatable information that you can apply to your career. Not only is that gonna elevate your mind, that's gonna get you into a different space of even how you network with people, speak to people, give you other things to talk about outside of music and just help the way you communicate in general. I think that's something that I am doing for myself, being around people who are way more successful than me that probably know a lot more than me but still putting myself in that situation and being humble enough to just sit there and shut up and learn, you know what I mean? Because it's just helping me scale and elevate as a woman, as a person, as a business woman, all of that. So I challenge you guys to start doing that and I think it's gonna give you some different results and kind of just open your mind up to some new opportunities. That right there, all the way. That's it. All right, folks, this is another episode of Music Mavericks, podcast. Follow at bramanshawn and follow at ladyjbookums on the Graham, Twitter and anywhere we exist online. Right. Y'all be good, peace.

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Saylor.org ME202: Kenneth Manning's "Engineering Physics Straight Line Motion 1"

This video is a lecture used in ME202 as part of our Mechanical Engineering area of study on http://www.saylor.org Terms of Use: The linked material above has been reposted by the kind permission of Kenneth S. Manning, PhD, Professor of Engineering at SUNY Adirondack and can be viewed in its original form at http://www1.sunyacc.edu/cgi-bin/ITunesU-student.pl. Please note that this material is under copyright and cannot be reproduced in any capacity without explicit permission from the copyright holder. The class sessions will be retaped in the Spring of 2012 with better focus and additional camera angles.

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She's on video and she's got a note taker. She's figuring. I'm not getting down a bed John Tyler first Bill Samantha Andrew Leesh my Leesh you guys can all look that up from a Robin Hood movie see what that way it means Joe Bill Patrick Mike when's cast come off? Yeah, okay, well other party mark Tyler seconds not here Tyler first is here, but not Tyler second Al and Andrew quick word about yesterday's lab easy as it was and it looked like most everybody got good results What happens sometimes in those type of things is is People get the X and the Y axes Remorse if you do what happens to the reported slope You'd what? Yeah, you get one over now Now you can check to make sure it was still right, but then you got to think you know my reader Isn't going to want to make that step my reader my boss is not going to want to fix that step that I screwed up So I've got to reverse those and make the slope pie that we are looking for You you need to look for things like that. It's very important What's on the x-axis? What's on the y-axis in terms of what's going to be recorded as the slope? Now I hope most of you've had a chance to look at that thing about graphing and Are starting to get the idea of what we mean about chart junk That that shouldn't even be a new term anymore as of yesterday Not a term I coin, but I think it's a superb term. It's any ink. That's on a graphic That doesn't enhance the information What often happens and if you ever look at USA today newspaper and the graphs they have there They always have something at the bottom of the page illustrating the the national debt or or Car crashes due to texting or something whatever their topic of the day is and they've got they've got little stars on it They've got colors all over it and they've got airplanes here And they've got bubbles and faces and cartoons and it's all chart junk because that doesn't enhance the information It enhances the entertainment and that's not the business. We're in business of information in here Entertainment's great. It's not on company time Then you shouldn't sit there. You should sit there No, no, you'll find out very quickly I care less when you come Pay to be here if you don't want to be that's your business. I'm we your check is clear But I appreciate that. However, there's the best way to handle it right by the door time comes Slip out back. You can slip out when I'm doing this and I'll turn back and I'll think I'm going crazy Because that's one of my one of my dominating feelings at this age anyway Alan sit on your head Not yet I don't care. I'm not the point here again again the information is the point Appreciate that it is hard to be a rock star. Nobody knows how cool. I love that. There you go so actually what I'm more worried about is and I don't know about bill And the rest of you it's not a worry yet Samantha don't worry. It's called male pattern baldness That I'm worried about when I'm on camera. You can worry about that later. I don't bill I've never seen your head because in the second class. I've ever had you've never not had a hat on you. I don't know Yeah, you oh, yeah, yeah, so you don't want to come up That's the way things and he never goes anywhere Yeah till you die All right, so what we're what we're concerned with is that chart jump stuff that doesn't enhance the Quality of the information and it's portrayal Doesn't belong there. We have a single line graph So most of you notice when we put up the data points and then when we put up the trend line We now had a two two items in the legend Well neither one of them are in any way useful. So kill the legend Kill the grid lines. We don't need the grid lines there Some graphs you do because you'd expect the reader to actually pull values off the grass You want to use the line pull the graph values off the grid lines could be important to make sure that they travel over horizontally when they need to Why Excel thinks of default of horizontal grids and no vertical grids. I don't know God knows what's going on in the Excel office up there because there's not a brain in that Organization that actually works with graphics Because they wouldn't and that it comes up with that gray background too That's definitely chart jump. That's ink that doesn't in any way enhance that the information So you need to clean a lot of stuff up on these graphics another thing that'll happen for some of you is Is when the numbers come up here? Maybe it's something like forty point zero zero twenty point zero zero Ten Guess that would make sense. It's even the space of thirty that point zero zero is useless It doesn't enhance the graphic at all. It just takes up ink takes up space It just get rid of that stuff clean things up Every little piece that you can take off of that plot Leaves more prominent your results and you want your boss to flip that page over and go bang There it is exactly what I was hoping we'd see Excellent work Call you up Showed you how long ago. I was a nice job. You can we'll let you back into the company picnic So You don't want to turn it in yet. I bet there's still some cleaning up. Oh, yeah, I was just trying to find the drop box So it was done. Okay never Are we going to have any graphics and I can't imagine why anybody ever would that along with the numbers There's not a title for what's going on on that axis. What are those numbers in our case? It was the the diameter of the object With units, I think most of you caught that anyway Also Same thing here. Make sure that it reads Sideways you have the option of making it read like it's on the outside of a movie theater or something Where the letters are going down like that. That's a very very difficult to read If you ever have any doubts if something's readable or not readable hand it to one of your buddies say look at this You've got three seconds to give me your impression Because you should be able to start digesting the plot that quickly and if you say You can see him struggling to read something fix it Use each other you know here you proofread my thing all proofread yours Get little proofreading circles. You can have proofreading reading potluck dinners internationally themed proofreading potluck dinners at each other's houses as you rotate How fun would that be? All right, so there's lots of cleaning up to do Yeah What we had circumference here don't do it don't do it like that very difficult to read do it Like also, I think with several of you actually Demonstrated how a simple graphic like that doesn't look good big. It looks much better smaller Who'd I do that with actually did it on their screen with them did with you land what it was? It was very true. We took two copies of the same thing made one big one one small and The small one was very much more readable. So don't make it big. It's not going to help anything Lastly before we get into the work Data table anybody put one in their report so far good. Do you think I want to read data? Yes, do you want to read data? No, I want results Not data. That is what you needed to get the results and The results sometime could appear best in a data in a table Then it'd be a results table not a data table, but those Individuals details that you accumulated yesterday. I don't care about You need to keep that kind of thing on record Because it could be that we get this beautiful result and somebody says I don't believe it make it prove it And we go trade some down and this will be my boss It will come down to your office and say you got approved this you'll pull out then your data table and say see here Says right there poker chip quarter basketball And we'll say yeah, okay We apologize because bosses are always very willing to apologize But I don't want to read I don't read your dad. That's why a lot of you asked What should I call this you were holding it and say what do I call this and I kept what did I say? So I don't care all that anything you want because I'm not going to see it Yeah, ring type thing. That's what you had a moment. All right, so any other questions? Inclusion do you want to also include all the questions or do you want that separately? Were there questions in there? just a whole bunch of Yeah, yeah, yeah, that should be in there just because this is one of the times when we Know for sure whether our results are good or not So you have to say whether they're good or not by how much? If you do that equation as written to it'll you come up with a plus or a minus if you were underneath You're below by a certain percentage and that'll be reflected because that could be important too But yeah, that that should be stated as part of the result because none of these results mean anything If we don't have some idea that we can put confidence in your and if you've got to pie within 0.7% Pretty confident right There is on angel an area for discussion questions You got a question as you're sitting down to write this let's see it's gonna be due Tuesday, so a lot of you'll start it Tuesday breakfast That'll be a little late, but if you're a lot of you have already written a bunch of I saw Several of you got at least halfway through a start But if you come up with a question put it in there That way I only have to answer things once not not six times plus everybody gets the same information So it's a lot more fair So use angel Some professors actually run their classes through Facebook We we've got angel we paid for it All your other classes are there whether your other professors use it or not is their business So we'll use it. We'll make use of it. All right. Any other questions on that before we go on? All right We'll be out of here at 20 after I promise You got so much extra for your dollar yesterday. All right Well, we work on as we went over time on Monday. We have so dang much fun. We just kept going Well, we're working on yeah flip your notes back to see what we finished up Phil Yes, we were converting units. It's an absolutely vital skill You've got to be able to do it. You've got to be able to do it correctly And you've got to be able to do it in such a way that your boss is confident. You're doing it Well, it's a terribly embarrassing thing. I hear To go before your boss with some numbers And your boss says wait a second What are your units here? Terribly embarrassing thing here You go slumping on it. Oh, that's a long walk back to your office to go fix that stuff That you should have caught in your freshman year with your great physics professor All right, so we're gonna we're gonna do another converting units thing. However, remember There were two things You needed to remember to convert units What was one of them? What was one what was one of them? What was one of them? No, what was you can multiply by one when you multiply by one? Nothing changes. Well the quality of the thing changes because we're trying to change centimeters to meters or hours to lifetimes Whatever it might be the quality of it will change the quantity of it will change but the quality won't it's still Length units to length units time units to time units, etc. Nothing else can happen when converting units So we'll multiply by one and we'll do it as many times as we need to Which we didn't hit on Monday We did it once but we can multiply by one as many times as we need to until we're done What was the second thing we had to remember? That not that you had to remember but just the it was one of those things that was just so obvious I needed to bring it to the four Mike You're gonna start with Something that's a equals a but that's what's going to give you the one that you need to multiply by because if a equals a then A over a equals one and that's how you pick the one in it that you want to multiply by Because there's a million ones out there to multiply by Some aren't any good and you don't want to waste your time with them. You got to get the right one and It's not very hard as we'll see here shortly. So we're gonna we're gonna do another unit conversion I Want everybody's familiar with 60 miles per hour the speed all you guys use going down Bay Road the speed I use on the north lane 60 miles per hour I want to convert it to so I'll leave myself a little bit of space I Want to compete it convert it to? let's say Feet per second remember I said that was our those were our basic units in the English system for length and time feet and Seconds so we want to make that conversion for what we do is we multiply By one we just have to pick the right one to do the multiplying bit with and we'll be all done and This if you do it this way you never have to remember doing multiply do I divide? It happens a lot with the SI prefixes killer and milling you forget do I multiply by divide? I don't know what to do You don't need to this will tell you what to do anybody offhand Know the conversion where so many miles per hour equals a Certain number of feet per second anybody know it offhand Who would guess it would have been Alan? You is everybody getting to see there'll be a slow migration of people as they come and sit in class Until there's just this vacuum around Alan and all the weird stuff. He knows Alan are you are you a hundred percent sure you know it? That's not what I ask Alan you have Alan Answer my questions when I ask them otherwise we start going in six different directions I ask a question. I want that question answered You know I'll bet all right What do I put in here? How many feet per second in one mile per hour? No No, no, I asked for the number you started to give me two numbers Do you know Andrew or you scared to answer now? No, what are you looking at put that away? Nobody here Either will admit to it because I'll jump all over them or Don't I don't know I don't know how many miles per hour equals how many feet per second if I'm driving one mile per hour How many feet do I cover in one second at that very same speed? I don't know what that number is I Don't carry useless information around in my head Great is that the same thing as a foot per second? No, it's not so keep it to yourself Alan Unless it's useful You're you're you're you're charred junk Look if don't think for a second if I murder a student on camera, I'm not gonna edit that out Evidence will be gone So So we need to do something else and that's what Alan was trying to drag us to by not answering my question We're not going to be able to do this in one step because we don't know what this a equals a thing is to start with So we're going to have to do it in a couple steps Maybe two maybe more we'll do as many as it takes Can we go from miles? To feet and get partway there do we know one mile? equals How many feet? Alan does I does because I was born in Denver, Colorado the mile-high city and if you go to the Capitol building There it is right on the front step One mile above sea level Says so many feet. You're all Americans. You should know this number anyway, and it's 5,200 and 80 So there's our first a equals a That will give us our first one to multiply with What we have to figure out is what a goes over what a? Well, we'll let the numbers tell us I have miles up here The only way to get rid of miles up here is to have miles down here. So take my a equals a Just fill it in and I'm already a little bit closer now. I have feet per hour Driving 60 miles per hour How many feet are you going to go in that hour? Here's the number to tell us. We just have to multiply that out No guesswork You didn't even have to guess that because you just asked to keep Alan you might want to get Alan's Cell phone number Because if you need something useless, there's a man. It's going to have it at his fingertips In here darn well, but I could have it on silent vibrate All right, so we're a little bit closer. We've already got feet on the top feet on the top All of this remembers we're just looking at the units. I don't care what the numbers are and as long as I've got them right They're all going to take care of themselves Now can I get hours? To seconds Some of you might have it in your hand directly some of you might not doesn't matter if you don't have it directly We can put it together An hour is let's take the next step towards seconds. Let's do minutes. How many minutes in an hour? Sixty most everybody knows that you wouldn't even have to go to Alan for that one We just need to figure out what goes on the top what goes on the bottom hours on the bottom We'll be cancelled with hours on the top. So just fill this in Those two things are equal. So I just multiplied by one hours, cancels hours We now have feet per minute. So the last step we need to take is to get to minutes to seconds and You don't even need to worry. Dang do I multiply do I divide I always forget I Always forget too because I know I can just do this and fix it. So I don't bother remembering Minutes on the bottom Minutes on the top seconds on the bottom. We're all done Now you do exactly what the numbers tell you to do and you've got it perfectly converted 60 times 52 a divided by 60 divided by 60 you can't screw up here It's the it's the foolproof unit conversion The reason I Be kind of laborious about this is because one I Could never figure out the first person to show me unit conversion with my high school chemistry professor And he'd love to make it look like it was some magical thing. Oh, I just do this and this and this and this and this and we're all How do you how do you know do that and that now I couldn't be I Took me years to finally figure out. No, I got what he's doing. It's this simple I don't want you to think this is magic. It isn't This is this is a this is the engineering equivalent of tying your shoes. You've got to know how to do this Or you're gonna at the least look like a fool in front of your boss boss at the worst You're gonna be brought up in criminal charges for being negligent negligent in the design of a product that killed people maybe thousands Stuff goes wrong all the time in engineering. It puts a lot of people in jeopardy Sometimes it's as simple as this. I don't want that. I don't want to see your name in the news for this kind of stuff winning the lottery where you thank your College physics professor in your statements where you collect a check that I want to see Your name on the police for the engineering police plotter. I don't want to see your name there Who's got this number for me then? 60 times 52 80 divided by 60 divided by 60 88 feet per second sometimes Since it's one of those very very common numbers might be FPS Though that makes unit conversion a little bit harder when it's written that way so We won't bother with that, but we'll recognize it if we see it now If this conversion ever comes up again You can shortcut all of this with a new a equals a you can say 60 miles per hour per second you've got a now a new a equals a and you don't have to go through all of the steps anymore You can even clean it up if you want and divide through by 88 so it's one Feet per second equals whatever that is three quarters of it if you want to clean it up a little bit You can write that in your book. Remember the tests or open book open notes You can write that in the cover of your book. You don't have to make the full conversion anymore Any a equals a will work as long as it's the right one in the back of your book Oh my gosh, this is my book and I have this page tagged because it's that important Nothing but pages of a equals a's All here for you. We're working with speed So we look down here. Oh We can give her angle length time mass area volume Density speed. Hey, there we go speed We were talking about miles per hour. So I look in here somewhere. There's miles per hour equals 1.467 feet per second That's this thing right here divided through by 60 It's already done for it energy power pressure acceleration force Some of the favorite words in our life from here on out They're all here and there's there's something there's something there's a hundred in here will never even use But they're here So tag that page for exams It can save you not just ten minutes, but under pressure again, you could screw that up and not catch it Now you don't you know, you get it just right pages of a blade right there for you As my gift to you All right, a lot of the homework problems Practices this is a lot of what you need to do in this first homework set a lot of these unit conversions so Baby sit the units watch them write this cleanly and carefully That's the main way students grew up is they're just lazy with those stuff Don't write it cleanly. Don't write it carefully. Don't cancel the right things at the right time A big trap and I think I talked about it was when we have units that are squared Did we do that? Yeah, you have to square the a over a the whole thing not just the units But the number that goes with it also gets squared So be careful with that practice it And get this kind of stuff down right so your boss has confidence Samantha God bless you look at she's already tagged That's why she's my favorite Okay All right, I'm gonna go to more stuff. Let's get into the physics now More of this. See how nicely it erases because I've preconditioned the board. That's beautiful All right, we're gonna we're gonna open our work here on the real physics That that was that was all kind of background stuff. We needed to get going We're gonna work here to start with and what's called kinematics specifically We're gonna start with rectilinear Kinematics most likely to do most of you a new word So let me see if I can come up with a Clearer way to say that D one dimensional motion That's rectilinear kinematics One D motion in the most simple terms We're gonna be talking about some things moving and in the way they move But they can only move either left or right but not both It's a train on a very straight track Just to get us started. There's there's there's a lot of good physics that goes on in here But it's also not very complex physics. So it's a really good place for us to get started So we're gonna start with that will very quickly be into 2D motion Which is called curvilinear. That's where things can go left or right and Up or down at the same time and any mixtures thereof just the very same thing you do Every day on the surface of the earth for the most part. Yeah, it's curved It's really a three-dimensional space, but not locally to us. It isn't we live in a flat world locally We know the earth is spherical but My building isn't so we'll get to that. We'll do a little tiny bit of 3d motion. We won't do a lot Because It's the same as 2d motion for the most part except there's another dimension added on We won't do much with it also because it's very difficult to draw. It's difficult to take notes for it It's difficult for me to draw the board. It's difficult Some people have a lot of trouble even conceptualizing three-dimensional images on a 2d surface Think of the generations to come who won't even understand what a two-dimensional movie is that all everything's 3d Good morning America on television Kathy B. Gifford in three dimensions In life get any better. All right, so we're gonna we're gonna start with this Kinematics in specifics is nothing more than the motion itself. So what we have to start with two things To get started with this that there's there's four parts really this far as we're concerned with kinematics We need just two of them to get going and then the other two will come very quickly to us The first thing we need is the concept of time that as we're talking about objects moving in whatever fashion We need to know when they're somewhere that we're talking about well There's the other thing we need is position We need to know where something is and when it's there or we can't even get started on kinematics So those are the two things we're gonna start with when something is where it is All right times easy enough Because we can do that with a stop watch. We'll talk about seconds to represent time maybe minutes We do some planetary problems So maybe it makes sense to talk about hours or days or years even even centuries to come into some of this but It's you all got it and you know how to get it You look at your watch. By the way, this is a watch. A lot of you don't even know what these are anymore or you plot your your cell phone most of them have a stopwatch Function in them stopwatch tool and if you want to use that over in lab when we're timing something great Works fine So that's not a big deal, but we will give it a variable letter T Just just to show how creative America Alan you have that function. You need go get a new phone Man see you cheapskate All right position Well, we got to give it some we got to give it some variable letter to Maybe if we're talking about right motion and left motion X will work Because you're pretty used to that Maybe if we're talking about up and down motion only we should use why because you're pretty used to that But it doesn't need to be Doesn't matter what we call it. We can be as generic or specific as we want with it. So just to put something down I'll say s That's general if you want to use X when we're talking about horizontal motion. No sweat. I know what it means I'll catch it when I use Y for up and down In lab next week. We're just going to do some up and down motion only and it may make sense to do why because we're used to it No trouble. No trouble. All right. So so time no big deal that we have to worry about But position that takes a little bit more definition Position has got to be measured from somewhere Yeah, if you're going to tell me you're two miles away I got to know two miles away. What from where if you don't tell me the two miles is meaningless Yeah, you've got a number there to I understand the units I understand But I don't know where to measure it from so it's no help whatsoever So the very first thing we need to get started here Is we need an origin of some kind just a place from where we measure things Must that origin be anybody have any idea where that origin should be? What should we call the origin? I know that you're all of about the right age to think still think that you're the center of the universe And I know your mommy thinks you are Or the center of her universe But I don't know if that's going to go so well in a math Physics class with a whole bunch of centers of the universe So where should the origin be that we're talking about? Anybody want to take a guess John? wherever you don't want to say it's got to be Omaha, Nebraska the corner of fourth and main Because that might not be useful to our problem. It certainly wouldn't be to our useful to our problem out here in Queensbury Let's put it somewhere useful So there's the first place For helping us choose where it's going to be. Let's put it somewhere useful Somewhere close to the problem. Otherwise the numbers are going to be huge and hard to measure Mike got something else to add to it We could But we don't need to what's easier to do is to say when the object is at these Origin we'll call that time equals zero actually we're going to pretty much get rid of time equals zero in a second Anyway, but we can say whenever we want is time equals zero because what we're most concerned with is not The time itself because again that has an origin. What are we going to say the creation of the universe? Which for some of you may be your belief that it was 6,000 years ago Others of you may think it was 13 billion years ago. We're not in the class here to argue over that one But we want the origin of the time to be local to so we can say t equals zero quick That's all we do with starting the watch Time equals zero we started So that's that's got an origin to it itself. And yeah, we want a useful one of that as well Another quality of the origin That's absolutely vital Actually, we that doesn't need to be vital. It doesn't have to be useful, but boy, it sure helps But what what is something that's vital for the origin in a problem? Alan are you dying to say something and you just won't? You can say something if it answers that question Measurable I mean how big it is how big Why open on the grass if you want to somewhere nearby that's what useful means local Fixed yeah, you don't want the origin wandering around You know we started measuring one thing and while we're concentrating on where it is and when it's there our Origins drifting around can you imagine trying to measure something with a tape measure? You're off here one end measuring and the jerk on the other end is walking all over and we try to measure something with a Little brother or sister. I bet that's exactly what they did butterflies to chase And dogs to pet and all kinds of stuff going on there goes your origin all over the place It sure helps if it's fixed just so our When we do make a measurement the measurement in regards to our origin and the information we're sharing Is is static non-changing we don't want the values to change be like a Harry Potter world of physics You know we're all the pictures on the wall are always moving Be like that all the dad on our page would always be moving terrible What else is real important? With the origin well It's got to be it's crucial that I know where your origin is If you're giving me information with respect to that origin if you tell me information of An object that is a certain place at a certain time, and I don't know I can't hang that on there And you say it's two miles away And we're on the phone, and I don't even know where you are act that doesn't help me any it's got to be information We share We don't have to necessarily have the same origin Certainly if we're doing two different problems or you're doing a problem on your paper and some else doing yours You'll each have your own origin, but if you swapped pages And it's marked on your page. You know where it is. He's talking about It's information that's shared So let's say the the origin let's let's put this Let's just say the origin is known. It's not a secret where the origin is Whether it's a dot on your page with an O beside it that works Whether there's a signpost there saying here in lies the origin of all things true and strong Which of course be right in Denver, Colorado where I was born That's not only the center of the universe. That's the center of all the known universe Mike is that a hand up a broken hand up? One other thing and I'm not going to belabor the point to try to make you guess this one because it's not going to come up But it's a very important thing ties all these other things together It's arbitrary where it is You're doing the same problem on your own paper You put the origin over on the left. You put it over on the right. It doesn't matter Because you're going to make it known you're going to leave it there and Either way, it's useful right down the page. So it's arbitrary That sort of ties all of these together Anyway, you get to make the choice of where the origin is when I'm doing problems at the board I'll either choose it or we'll choose it together But I'm just going to put it there somewhere let you know where it is and off we go with the rest of the problem So to start with We're doing straight line motion There's a straight line. So we'll move along that straight line Could do it up and down, but I'll do it that way No reason not to if you want to do it up and down in your paper. Nothing's going to change. There's the origin Is that an o or a zero because we need both if if an object is at the origin its position s is Zero so it's going to serve as a zero and oh That's the that's the poetry of the universe right there That tells you God speaks English that he made zero and oh have the same shape All right, so there's there's oh, maybe our object is there at t equals zero Maybe it isn't it doesn't really matter It depends upon the problem Some problems start at the origin some problems start at t equals zero some don't It doesn't matter because what we're most concerned with is Not the individual time and the individual positions But how those things change because that's where things are more interesting That's what we need to do as engineers and scientists. We need to study how things are changing Well, how do we make things go from here to over there? How do we bring them back? Something's just going to stay where it is be a single point. You don't need engineers You can go get any you can go get the business majors and they can run the world So easy that is We're engineers. We run the world So it We're interested in the things changing so let's do this Let's put our object there We'll call that s one for position one It's there at t one So you're already getting an idea of this this nomenclature we can use we can put a little Subscripts on there to tell us when things are where they are Notice that the two subscripts match each other It's here at that time and that t one and that s one go together We could use a different system where those don't match But you're just going to screw up somewhere else when you do something like that So make sure these things match that the things that go together go together and We'll be all right. Let's see We need units So we'll call this meters just start throwing some numbers on here We use nice round numbers to start with let's say this is three meters and We'll start our clock there. So S one equals three meters T one Equals zero seconds and our our problem begins some amount of time later what Mike? It's not there No, you you said that I said maybe no somebody said who said that wasn't you yeah, I said maybe But I said maybe not it depends if if our object happens to be here When we're interested in starting the problem then let's start to watch there Remember the origin is arbitrary So just makes a little more sense to me because that's the first place where I have the object That that's where we'll start the time because maybe it took 15 years Three months and 27 days to get from there to there. Do we want it back to reflect that? Not not for what we're doing here because the problem only just started So let's start to watch it. That's us. We know where the object is We'll start the clock there Three meters. Oh, that's manageable if it was three light years I'm all I'm change where the origin is and redo the problem from there But again the origin is arbitrary, but it's a place useful. It's useful to start the clock Right there. That's one All right some amount of time later and again just to keep things simple. We're working whole numbers. It's here that looks like S2 is About what that looked like about five meters just using some round numbers keep things simple and Let's say it only took one second to get there something a little bit more interesting going on because now Stuff's changing we can start to wonder why did it change? Is this a design problem I need to do I need to make sure it gets there in one second or my design won't work Do I need to prevent it from going there or my design will work all kinds of now? No, we got stuff to do So we although we can even ask ourselves now It was there at zero seconds a second later. It was now down there That means it was moving at least some time during that We can ask ourselves something simple like well, how fast was it moving? Let's see. We'll call that V for velocity We're a little bit. We're a little bit constrained in that we only knew where it was here and Here we don't know what it did in between So we're not going to be able to say a whole lot about how fast it was moving Because we don't know what it was doing in between Maybe it went down there 300 meters in the first half a second came Zipping back here and then finally ended up here a second later, and that's the only time we woke up to check it So we can't say in a lot of detail how fast it was moving, but we can say On average how fast it was moving and we do that in exactly the same way you would do it as We talked about even on Monday if it takes three hours to drive to New York City and It's a hundred and fifty miles to New York City. What was your average speed? Fifty miles per hour You know, you all know how to do that Distance traveled Divided by the time taken were you always going 50? Now a heck no because between here in the north way You went 30 You wanted to go faster, but there's cops out there Then when you got on the north way 85 Tell you hit the first Starbucks I pull in there get a venti cream Lada a doobie Pacino What do you do with Phone and all that stuff's incorporated in that story But we miss all the detail because we're looking only at two points With nothing else in between I don't want to write that every time one thing engineers inside this are famous for is being fantastically lazy So we're not going to write out this stuff if we can do something shorter So we're going to say let's see the time the distance traveled Well, that's where it is now minus where it was then and I have to do it that way it has to be two minus one it has to be the later minus the earlier We'll see specifically why in a second as we illustrate this And I want the same time interval That goes with that so if I did s2 minus s1 I got to do t2 minus t1 Let's see. What's that come out to be? s2 was five meters minus s1 which was three meters Notice that I'm even too lazy to write the meters on both of those numbers But we all know I could never subtract something that wasn't meters from something that is meters So if I put meters to follow everybody knows those are both meters and T2 was one second t1 was zero seconds I'll do the math in my head for you average speed two meters per second Simple as that You know what I'm too lazy to write this so I'm going to write Delta s over Delta t Universally understood notation and probably you familiar with it anybody never seen that before I'd be very surprised. It's Very very calm just means change in Change in position divided by the change in time Later minus earlier later minus earlier always that way Simple as that so We we go away for another coffee break. Oh, no, we already had a coffee break So now we have to take a bathroom break and we come back a second later Well, Samantha's going nobody's gone to the bathroom in one second Man, there's always a line out the woman's bathroom. That's 23 people long No way you can do it boys guys. We're all thinking one second. What were you doing for all the rest of time? So some time later My golly if it isn't here here's s3 at time t3 So we'll we'll give some reading that looks like we'll call this Well, I can't call it two meters Because in here is two meters So I'm going to call minus two meters Because I have to make it clear Exactly where it is to the left of the origin. We'll call that minus you're used to doing that type of thing that's not new I hope and It took another second to go there Sorry, we're at one second. We'll call this two seconds These time steps don't have to be even sized It's just whenever we happen to be able to take a reading now What was the average? Velocity says to three time step to time step three What was the average velocity? Delta s over Delta t. I want Times that two to three It's always the later one minus there earlier one three minus two They always have to match above and below Three minus two Otherwise you're gonna have a time in a position that don't go together in the problem Screw all kinds of stuff up Let's see at s3 It was at minus two Minus where it was at s2 that means minus five watch the minus signs of Anything there's two things that can drag a really good student down as easy as anything First thing is screwing up the units You don't watch the units You're gonna screw up second thing is not watching your minus signs They're as important as anything else that we do That minus sign Absolutely crucial to get in this simple simple problem correct and T3 was two seconds t2 was one second Seven divided by two. I don't like fractions. We're engineers. We go to decimals minus 3.5 we'll call it minus 3.5 meters per second They do that right. I didn't do it. Oh, no, it's divided by one I'm getting so excited here. I'm just having so much fun. There we go minus seven. We didn't have a fraction. That's it We have a fraction. Yes, Allen It's not going up at all this is one of the motion it can't go up That's what I'm saying Because what it did here is Very different than what it did here here. It was moving right on average Here it was moving left on average if we don't have the minus sign to tell us that How are we going to know it moved this way seven meters or went seven meters per second farther? We wouldn't know we'd have no idea This minus sign tells us an awful lot of information that we need to know It also implies direction So that's the difference then and you asked me this the other day Allen that's the difference between velocity and Speed speed everybody's familiar with you tell me yeah mom and earth way I say yeah, what's your speed? You look down to your speedometer your speedometer And you say now I'm going 85 miles per hour Actually, you'd say I'm going 85 Because that way you know if you're really only go along 30 and you don't want your pals to think you're a no Grandfather you keep the units off So sometimes it's useful to leave the unit top But but you're on you run the phone you say you're on the north way going 85 is that going to be answer going to be different Whether you're going north or south No matter which way you're going you're just going to say I'm going 85 The speedometer on your car only says 85 whether you're going north or south or you're on the mass pike Going east or west or going down to Binghamton diagonally on a 88 Five bucks anybody knows This is the north way That's the through way 88 is The what way is not the wrong way and to pay out this five bucks No, it's the quick way You know that well no, of course you didn't you'd be five bucks richer if you did it. It's the quick way Anyway, your car will need read nothing but 85 Plus eighty four well it's implied plus. There's no plus on there. It only reads 85. That's speed Speed is simply How do I put it? I'll put it this way The magnitude of your travel there'll be units in there, too It's a 85 well we know it's miles per hour because you're in the car and that's what our American cars read Nothing better on the road than a GM vehicle Velocity is different velocity also has in it Direction and that's why I used a v here and not an s I wouldn't want to use an s because I already used s for position But I didn't have to use that s for position. I could have saved it for speed But speed doesn't have enough information. I need v for a velocity. So this is magnitude direction That's velocity and that's what we're going to be most concerned with is Velocity more than speed but Be careful when we use those terms because now there's a difference before there was never a difference When you go back out in your car, there won't be any difference You talk to the poor smucks on the street who don't know this kind of stuff You got to talk to them the words they understand you can have your simple words like speed But they know what you're talking about Actually, you talk to them out there. You use the word velocity. They don't know the difference There is a difference and it's that simple component of direction Because we're talking about an established origin In a particular direction So that minus sign is absolutely that minus sign is as important as the seven is in terms of the information it conveys to us All right, another quick question here. What was the average velocity? From Time one to time three we did time one to two we did time two to three It's Delta s over Delta t. It's always that for average velocity What should I put s? What minus s what the later minus the earlier? s3 minus s1 T3 minus t1 they got a match Hey, wait, wait, wait. What happens to time two? We don't care. That's not what I asked. I asked what did you do between one and three time two doesn't come into it That's the meaning of average velocity. We only take the two end points We ignore everything else in between no matter what happened So we just fill this out from our amazing chart s3 is minus two minus from the equation s1 Which is three t3 is two Minus t1 which is zero Here's why I was thinking ahead of the dividing by I was getting a little excited. I couldn't wait for this moment Minus five meters. That's that's the distance it traveled actually We need a better word in here We need Displacement yeah, that's better because distance What's the distance to New York City 150 miles? What's the distance of Montreal also 150 miles? There's no plus or minus on that there We needed the minus sign here. So displacement makes a better Better it gives us a more complete idea. And so what is that? That's minus 2.5 Did I do that math right check me with your calculator? That's Simply the average velocity between here and here. I don't care what else happened in between Well, I might care But it's not what we're concerned with it's not what I asked for I'd see let's see we got to do something more with this. That's just too dang simple What the heck do we need calculus for for that kind of stuff? That's just too darn simple Let's leave that out here. So we've got Let's make a little story out of this thing here Here's time Here's a position we can we can draw this out a little bit at Zero seconds. He was at three meters One second later. He was up at five meters So we'll call this one second that two seconds and that's all we did So it was up here at five meters that I Got numbers I better get units We didn't have numbers we wouldn't need units and Then at two seconds it was down at minus two meters into the depths We don't know any more than that But you got to figure know if this is a real object and it's going from there to there to there It's not going to do it in a jerky fashion Like that it's going to kind of kind of swing between the positions You know as if this is a turnaround spot It's going to kind of try to ease into it turn around the knees out of it Maybe pick up a little that's how you do it But what did you run out in the hall do some 1d motion for me? You'd have to do it something like that so maybe Something like that makes a little more sense of what really happened for the whole time Maybe more stuff happened. We don't know we don't have that kind of detail, but we suspect something like this So let's let's go ahead and say that's what happened Maybe there was a lot more going on But we'll leave it as something simple like that for now Here's the conundrum and this is exactly the question Newton asked himself This is exactly the question he posted on Leibniz's Facebook page and asked him Back in 1680 or something This is exactly the question That came up to these two guys having to the two of them independently They said well, I understand That between there and there its average velocity Was what did we have it two meters per second? I Understand that the average velocity was minus seven meters per second. I Understand that it takes a certain amount of time to go a certain distance and from that we got velocity I understand that but what Newton Enlightenment said is at any moment, though It's moving as I walk across the room I'm moving at any moment, but at any moment I'm not covering any distance So how can I have any velocity? At any moment proposed this Zeno proposed this No, not Jay Zeno the night the late night TV host Zeno the Greek philosopher said If at any instant we are not covering any time in an incident They're not covering any distance in an instant in time. How can we ever have any velocity? How can we ever go anywhere? When we can't go anywhere in no time and they couldn't answer that question No one could answer that question Zeno proposed it. I don't know what 300 BC or something Finally though Newton and Galileo. We're able to say Here's what we need to do Here's what we need to look at We know that Average velocity Requires a certain amount of time to travel that certain distance Nobody disagreed with that Not Zeno and not his grandchildren Everybody understood that no big deal what they couldn't understand is how can we go anywhere in no amount of time? So that we have any motion at any instant because an instant doesn't last any time Definition of an instant is it's too quick So here's what Newton and Leibniz did they did it independently did it about the same time Here's what what they said they said Well, we need to understand that that we're talking about Delta T being so tiny So amazingly tiny that it's really just an instant in time Delta T if Delta T was so small it would be and it would be a moment So they said let's see. Let's let Delta T Go to zero Let's let Delta T get so vanishingly small. We are indeed talking about an incident in time So we can then indeed talk about Motion and at an instant in time itself notice that I dropped this down kind of low Because the way we write it now is That we want to take the limit as Delta T goes to zero and this is exactly the question that Newton and Leibniz were able to now answer Because they started to formulate the question in this way You've seen this too. This is The instantaneous velocity notice the average subscript is now gone Instantaneous does this look familiar to you people? It's darn well better. What was the very first question? I ever asked any of you in fact I asked it by email over Christmas. What's the very first question? I asked about any of you I said everybody email and I asked you a question about yourselves. What was it? Have you taken calculus one? This is why? because this is Calculus and this was the question Everybody was asking up until then how can there be motion in an instant in time when we can't move anywhere in no time Yet, we know we're moving Every motion every instant Exactly the question they asked We're too dang lazy to write all this out every time So we have an alternate notation Let's convince all that stuff and say ds dt the time rate of change of The position is the velocity the instantaneous velocity. That's why I needed to have calculus. There's the first piece I'm ready to change up there Just to show you how fantastic we're lazy. We really are as engineers I mean think about how lazy an engineer has got to be who who who designed who invented designed a weed whacker That's lazy That's really lazy Leaf blower that's even lazier the laziest thing in the whole world leaf blower How many you got Joe three or four? Yeah That's how lazy we are We'll invent leaf blowers. This is even too much to write sometimes. So we have an alternate alternate notation We're talking about the position changing with time. It's very commonly understood if We just say s dot that that means the time rate of change of that value s we're having so much fun What's all right? We'll stop here because everything from here on Develops very very quickly anyway Remember though what we mean by the delta notation What remember what we mean by the d the differential notation the dot notation All the same stuff No, no, I said there were four things we're concerned with in kinematics There's the third velocity. We have time position and velocity and the fourth will hit on Monday

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News Words: Exodus

Welcome to the Voice of America’s News Words. The United Nations says refugees are fleeing the Russian war in Ukraine by the millions. EXODUS Speaking from the Polish border with Ukraine, a UN representative said most of the refugees are women and children. The UN said it is the fastest exodus from a war-torn country Europe has seen since World War II. An exodus is a situation in which many people escape from a hostile environment. An exodus also happens when a large group of people leaves a place at the same time after a gathering, such as a sports event. Originally published at - https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/6487763.html

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Welcome to the Voice of America's Newswords. The United Nations says refugees are fleeing the Russian war in Ukraine by the millions. Exodus. Speaking from the Polish border with Ukraine, a UN representative said, most of the refugees are women and children. The UN said, it is the fastest exodus from a war-torn country that Europe has seen since World War II. An exodus is a situation in which many people escape from a hostile environment. An exodus also happens when a large group of people leaves a place at the same time after a gathering, such as a sports event.

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February 28th 1PM ET Market Update on TFNN - 2024

With over 150 years of combined trading experience, TFNN is the absolute authority in Technical Market Analysis. Join our hosts EVERY TRADING DAY from 9:00AM until 4:00PM ET for LIVE market updates, chart analysis, and trading advice. https://www.youtube.com/user/tfnncorp/live 9:06 'The Morning Market Kickoff' with Tommy O’Brien 10:06 'The Tiger Technician’s Hour' with Basil Chapman 11:00 'The Trader's Edge' with Steve Rhodes 1:06 'Trade What You See' with Larry Pesavento 3:06 The Tom O’Brien Show News Updates at the top of each hour. Our hosts will answer your questions LIVE ON AIR! To ask a question call our listener line at 1-877-927-6648. Want to learn more? All of our hosts detail their trade recommendations and observations on the market in their powerful newsletters. You can see all of our newsletters on our website at https://tfnn.com/collections/trading TFNN also offers several powerful trading programs and educational webinars which you can view on our website at https://tfnn.com/collections/services You can get Tom O'Brien's Book, The Art of Timing the Trade on Amazon. https://www.amazon.com/Timing-Ultimate-Trading-Mastery-System/dp/0976352915/ Have a hunch? Get powerful results with 2x and 3x Leveraged ETF's from Direxion. https://www.direxion.com/ Want to take your trading to the next level? Check out TD Ameritrade's powerful trading platform over at https://www.tdameritrade.com/ Like us on Facebook! https://www.facebook.com/tfnn1/ Follow us on Twitter! https://www.twitter.com/tfnn/

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update. Okay, folks, I posted a Larry Pesaveto for TF&N. I posted the chart here of the E-mini S&P. We said this in the video before the market opened today. Look for an ABCD to potentially go short up there. And you can see at 5086, that was the ABCD. Now you're at a break-even point if you're in that particular thing. Now, folks, I have to bring something to your attention here. It was brought to my attention by our good friend down in Florida, Dr. E.S. and it was a quote by Dr. or President Ronald Reagan. I forget which speech it was, but he said there was a clergyman and a politician who were both passed away and they were on the way to go pearly gates. And when they got to the pearly gates, St. Peter came up and he said to the clergyman, here's your room, sir. He says it's a single room, one table, you know, one mode and one bed, and that's what you get. And the politician who was also passed away, they said, well, what do I get? He said, you see this mansion here, seven bedroom swimming pools, you know, koi pond, everything you could possibly want, all the servants you could ever need. He said that this is incredible. He says, well, why is it that I get this and the clergyman who spent his life on the Lord gets that? He says, you don't understand how things work up here in heaven. He said, first of all, he said he's worked hard, yes, and he gets his reward up in here. But sir, we've never had a politician to make it this far. When I heard that last night, I laughed so hard, because several reasons. One of all, if you ever saw the movie Pretty Woman, that was Chasen's Restaurant in Beverly Hills. That's where I was hired by Drexel Burnham back in those days. That's why it has such a strong meaning for me. Anyway, that's when I watched that. And when I saw that joke, I bet Mr. Reagan and his wife several times over the years, because one of my very good friends was a major supporter of his, helped him get elected governor and also president. But anyway, that's neither here nor there. Here's what we're looking at. You know, we've had a heck of a run here. And we're seeing what's going on. We're just one thing after another. The other one that we want to talk about is our good friend, Mike Moore, is going to be on the air here just a minute at the break. And we want to talk to him about his uncanny call that he's made in Crude All Today, folks. Really amazing. So stay with us. We'll be right back. 877-927-6648.

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NO MONEY SPENT IS BACK!! - MADDEN 22 MUT GAMEPLAY

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Yo, you got it, dude. Oh, you got mad in the night, man. Like you just got it You just got it. We just got it dude. You just got it Boys no money spent it's back Here it is. I wish I could tell you I had crazy upgrades to make but I haven't really played this game This team that much with all the tournaments and all the other I've been doing with the guy squad and everything I probably haven't finished the weekend league in like a month with this team But this weekend we're gonna finish so make sure you guys check it out live on twitch already done about half the game Is what let me show you right now if you guys forgot are you just watching your first no money spent video the actual team I remember I never played any solos. No head-to-head just weekend league Started with silvers and golds and this is where we're at now. I said I haven't finished the weekend league in probably a month But we'll finish this week. I'm glad I took some time off and really let this team get super outdated But let's take a look Herbert you know you know guys know he's at the helm 91 Herbert I actually have past lead elite on him and deep range that I which I mean I don't think does anything good, you know But I have it because I have AP because my players aren't good enough to have the abilities that I want Would you see Herbert right there? Not the full Herbert? I still need this this limited right here That's the full one I need but honest I don't think there's a big difference between this one and the full full limited So I'm cool with 94. What am I at 91 Herbert? He gets the job done I'll tell you with no gunslinger and he's super slow in the game now But here he goes Thurman Thomas. We have it running back. We actually have a strategy We have one strategy card for running back speed. You see him there with 93 speed. He's pretty solid I'll be real man. He's got that that backfield master. He's receiving back. He's tough Thurman He's tough. We are a Dolphins team team. You don't see that too often 25 dolphins I could probably work on getting the 50 but I have that because my two outside receivers are dolphins will fuller and Jalen waddle remember. I don't have any strategy cards for our receivers here. This is my fastest player on my team 94 speed Jalen waddle. He plays outside you so we are that deep out of lead on him 94 speed Jalen waddle then I have 93 speed will fuller not the full limited another limited that I need to go get But like I said, these illimiters are expensive man. They really are that's wild card Will fuller team in a week. That's expensive card But he'll get the job done with 93 speed, but I'll be honest when I look at this team What's the weakness is those two receivers? I'm used to having 99 speed 98 97 right now We want a 94 93 just not getting the job done over the top on the defense nowadays, but we have this guy Who's carried us all year? We're on a retire's jersey and then no money spent Hall of Fame Christian Kirk 92 speed somehow he just you guys watched you guys have watched he's Dominated dominated then we have pits went on this video the games you'll watch here I had regular same rookie premier pits I actually just upgraded to this 89 pits with 90 speed in these videos Remember you're watching you got 88 speed pits out there. All the line is coming together. We got Trash Jason Peters Hall of Fame are probably one of the best left tackles ever So he's a stud, but I have edge protector because I don't really have enough like I would love route tech Well, right on my real team. I use route tech then I use obviously gun slinger, so it's more AP on the quarterback more AP on the virus is I don't have that AP to use here So I use edge protectors give them an extra boost You know, I don't use it on my real team, but I have extra AP on this team. So might as well use a defense You're looking at it boys, this is it and we got Derwin James is a really good card for kind of cheap Justin Simmons good zone safety big body Sean Taylor and Brian Dawkins at linebacker good to see Brian Dawkins has an upgrade Might be able to get this, you know, I actually get them up there some respectable speed at linebacker right now I'm running around with 89 speed Brian Dawkins That's actually worse than I thought it was but that's my linebacker Sean Taylor Brian Dawkins Second they're got Jesse base Jeremy Chinnick corner. Yes, they're safe. He's they do okay in the slot We have Eric row and we have Jason McCordy going along with that Dolphins theme team And there's the D line. We got Vince will fork big Vince. This was a big probably one of my biggest upgrades Big Vince. He's a run-stop in the tackle. That means he gets inside stuff for one So we're gonna throw inside stuff and unpredictable on him. He's gonna be a pass rush demon big Vince a D Tackle get that guy deployed probably my best player on defense then we got to the end you guys probably don't see too often The guy from Ravens. I'm not even want to try to say his name and then Dante Fowler From the Falcon speed rushers, but I actually had this away away. Do we away? Well, I had him if you guys remember way back when I had his base Silver card playing outside linebacker. This was put him in a game with 91 speed. He's a stud, you know Get used to speed against Randall and these other running scrambling quarterbacks So this is my squad. This is what we're working. We're here boys. This is I mean, I don't know what else more to tell you It's not the best, but I guess it done you guess the job done But this is no money spent this one right? We're gonna finish this week because my team definitely is upgrade I want to be able to play at least have the option to play two weekend These are some weekend like I said like the video leave a comment if you love the no money spent this year I love playing with like low-key cards that you don't always see I know you guys always watch Randall cutting ham People on my tiktok and YouTube I say why does everybody have the same quarterback? I like having a team with different cards, but I'm it is rough with this team right here So let's check it out. Check out these games. These are already beginning a weekend league So I still have tons left to play. Make sure you guys check my live Let me know you're from YouTube. These are the best no money spent games so far this weekend league The fat wolf or bro, he got all these linemen abilities, dude He's gonna go. Oh, he kicked the field. Oh, thank God, bro. Why check way You could just throw that in the middle like that's so bad apex early tonight apex early tonight It's no way I play there's no money spent bro. Oh good luck. I couldn't throw that ball away Kirk was just so slow like I got bagged there fuck. Oh, cut Couldn't move it all right. Yo, I swear to God this game would be so good if everybody to use Justin Herbert as quarterback, bro Hey, I can't move Oh My god, I bumped into my own. I suck at running, bro Crazy with the moves, bro. He was going crazy with the moves You're that random kind of bagging Randy Moss, bro. I mean, we're getting so baggy right now, bro You know, this dude got a whatever abilities. He got no line. He got get rid of them Jones right now, bro I mean, you just I like this is like him playing offense is like if you throw enough Passes and put enough plays out here. One of them is gonna get you a touchdown one of them. I hate this game I swear to God. I hate run the same play, bro Just wait one more second one more click. It's just the easiest pass in my life, bro I had a Russian touchdown. Well, we will catch a pick this drive, dude like cuz Can we get off the field? Oh My god, this is brutal, man. Oh my god steps this so fast Would you call timeout you dumb shit? Like why would you call timeout? Oh, you won't go for the game Respect them right? It's about to be ugly. I got a feeling You got mad in the night man. You just got it. You just got it. We just got it, dude You just got it man. You just got I really lost this game, dude I really love how did we lose this game? Face mask oh one play for all the marbles for all the marbles from the 26-yard line. Oh my god Get in there 34% completion dude 44% completion percentage from my man 13 to 29 Just actually actually amazing Look out like why why do we not line up the right way boys? Do my dudes are getting steamroll, dude. I don't know how to happen, bro I really just like I did indeed spot this man seven. There's nothing wrong with that You know, I haven't don't you know what sucks about this team like you really can't throw bombs with this team at all It's like just there's this is the no bomb team Mackie a lot dude. Cam chancellor was so good right there. Holy All right. All right pits. We got to figure some shit out here, buddy Kila my boys are kind of bagging tongue. This is the defense That's gonna be trouble when they just run when they just run this man coverage. I mean, he's got the tight end I'm gonna do this. He's gonna blitz if he blitzes we got to go to we got to go to pits in the flat here The delay route from hell dude Tell you man coverage three-man rush is gonna be a bitch because my tight end barely even winning 88 speed pits might not Be it right now boys. Thank you. You dumb look how bagged Look how bagged my post route was as Cuz what's going on right now, man? I mean the touchdowns he scored is like it's about time the onsite kicked me It really is and my team too slow on doing special teams, bro Like they're like 78 speed on special teams, dude, like Dude did one spin and couldn't catch him Now look at his play art, bro ugly ain't it? He's definitely just gonna go for the bomb play any Intentional grounding. I mean this is just brutal, bro You should just be banned from playing this game. It's just run the ball bow Jackson here Come on, just run the ball of bow pray for something. It should be banned people like this should be banned Go play war zone with Winkle, bro. Oh, they taught you this bomb. Oh, yeah, I'm the only one here I didn't had an in row. Oh, he had nothing alert. That's that was a bad play right there boys With the raid, let's go hyper sloth guys And hot you dumb put more people in coverage cuz bro the way he played pissing me off Like the way he played piss me off y'all gotta understand that when people play like this they deserve to never play the game, bro For real like this is disgusting Stupid game you can't run zone cuz they don't flip it the right way. I got deal with stupid Clint man Stupid auto flips should be on the other side, dude Now I'm getting no huddle up for wing right now Spend all this money on your team to be as complete to gonna be a complete. This is like disgusting Literally, yo, he should never be a lot. They should ban his account. He should be banned This is worse than buying coins on side kick. Who would have known I'm telling you banned. Oh Gun empty. God. You're Yeah, where's Bo Jackson at now? Yeah, I form wing right back today So bagged. He's so bad. It's scary right now. Come on. Come on gun bunch tight and I bet he's going for the bomb Play here boys Disgusting like where is my tip like bro? I've put a quarter there like oh my god, dude This is just like I like I don't like always nobody on this fullback every play cuz dude You should be banned this guy should be literally banned from everything in life, dude Yeah, it's gonna work. Yeah, we're gonna take all the time in the world. You this is what pisses me off He's as smart as a box of cereal Good blocking boys. Good work Good blocking boys That's why it pisses me off cuz he just lost cuz he rushed one person Yeah, I see you in the hub. You're not going 25 and oh this weekend. You dumb Maybe you should go to play some people that spent money on her team Maybe you compete with them. I'm gonna call time. I'll take some more knees. Trust me We won't we're gonna take some knees up out here boys. Trust me as a performance from J Herbo, that's a performance from Justin Herbo. That's a performance right there That's a performance for touchdowns for touchdowns to regular pits, bro This is the team I played with right here boys. Just watch it. Just just taking the team right here It's what we're working with right here boys. That's what we're going on YouTube We are 20 we are a couple subs away from 30,000 subs on the YouTube boys. We're almost there. We're 192 subs away from 30,000 subs on YouTube

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Signs You Have Defeated The Narcissist

Website - https://www.narcsurvivor.co.uk Coaching - [email protected] Merchandise - https://teespring.com/stores/narcsurvivor Donations - https://paypal.me/narcsurvivor Narc Survivor Raw (No Music) - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2d3HEQ8fuW0_tPLXaSdbyOfx89lO5F4k Pain To Empowerment Online Course - https://narcsurvivor--zensensa.thrivecart.com/pain-to-empowerment/60e2e1368fe54/ Professional Counselling with a Licensed Therapist - https://betterhelp.com/narcsurvivor (Narc Survivor is sponsored by BetterHelp. I only recommend services I know and trust.) The background checking service I trust: https://checkbv.com/narcsurvivor Avoid potentially dangerous situations with your current or potential partner This sponsored link gets you 15% off Narc Survivor is no stranger to narcissistic abuse. With a lifetime of personal experience and psychology research, he is someone who truly understands what it is like to fall victim to a sadistic emotional predator. #narcissism #narcissist #npd DISCLAIMER: The information contained within www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk is not a substitute for professional advice such as a doctor, psychiatrist, or other counselor. The information provided by www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk does not constitute legal or professional advice nor is it intended to be. Only a trained medical professional can diagnose psychological or medical conditions. Any decisions you make and the consequences of your decisions are your own. Under no circumstances can you hold www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor or www.narcsurvivor.co.uk liable for any of your actions or decisions. You agree Narc Survivor (www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk) or any employees of Narc Survivor (www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk) are not liable for any loss or cost that you, or any person related or associated with you has incurred as a result of information, techniques or coaching offered by www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk Narc Survivor cannot guarantee any results. www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk holds no responsibility for the actions, choices, or decisions made or taken by the client. The owner of and contributors to www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any harm, whether real or imagined, from the use or dissemination of information contained here. The video does not refer to any specific person and it should not be used to refer to any specific person as having narcissism. If you do not agree with these terms, do not engage in the services. By engaging the services of www.youtube.com/narcsurvivor and www.narcsurvivor.co.uk, you have agreed to all of the terms and conditions.

GilHHZvtoSw

signs you have defeated the narcissist that's what we're going to be talking about in today's live video so yeah let's get right into it how do you know when you've defeated the narcissist what signs are there to reveal to you that you have defeated them one of the most obvious signs that you have caused a narcissistic injury and you have defeated the narcissist is when they're angry when the narcissist is angry you could be sure that you have defeated them you have got under their skin because otherwise there would be no reason for them to be angry their anger is an emotion and something is caused in that emotion and it's likely something that you did to cause them to feel that way another sign of the narcissist that you have defeated the narcissist is when they try to make you envious or jealous whether it's of them or of something else if they try to make you envious or jealous in any way that is a clear sign that you have defeated the narcissist so be aware that however they try to make you feel whatever neg the motion that they try to provoke within you whether it's envy jealousy fear guilt or shame whatever emotion it is that you feel following an interaction with the narcissist it's because they're trying to project that emotion onto you and you should know by that emotion that you have defeated the narcissist which leads me on to another sign that you have defeated the narcissist and that's when they try to hurt you in any way whenever you can see that they are intentionally trying to cause harm to you that is a sign that you have defeated them it's like the saying goes hurt people hurt people and that is very true when it comes to these narcissists when they feel hurt they will try to hurt you you notice when you're having a bad day when you feel hurt about something which is unrelated to the narcissist they don't want to hear it they don't even want to give you that space to be hurt they might even tell you to lighten up regardless of the situation that you're going through because when they're having a good day or that may be quite unlikely actually but let's just say that having a good moment five minutes of happiness they're not gonna give you that space to even feel your pain if they're in a good mood everyone has to be in a good mood doesn't matter what you're going through but then when they're hurt they have to hurt you that's how you know that you have caused a narcissistic injury in some way that's how you know that you have defeated the narcissist so those are three signs that you have defeated the narcissist cause there aren't many more anyway I'd just like to thank you for joining me on this live video this evening I hope it resonated with you if you haven't yet please give it a thumbs up leave your thoughts on the comment section and share this video so that it can help other survivors as well just out here at the beach but I'm gonna go now because it's very cold and it feels like my hands are about to fall off so yeah have a good day depending on where you are and I will talk to you soon

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IMPACT Creative Talk with Bruno Bertelli, Global CCO, Publicis Worldwide

exchange4media is a single stop information platform for the entire industry. Be it news, views, analytical information, in depth analysis of events or trend forecasting, exchange4media publications have a credibility and loyal following. www.exchange4media.com, @e4mtweets www.impactonnet.com, @IMPACT_onnet www.http://pitchonnet.com, @MagazinePitch www.realtyplusmag.com,

Gi1vXIyMOzA

warm welcome to everyone who's watching Creative Talks right now. Today I have a very special guest here with me who's joining all the way from Rome. He's one of the most awarded creatives in the advertising industry with 54 cans, lions, one Grand Clio and one Groppery in New York film, New York festivals. And he's best known for his work on Heineken, like the most recent being Back to Bards and of course, Nescape is Good Morning. I'm absolutely delighted to welcome Bruno Bertelli, Global Chief Creative Officer of Publicities Worldwide. Hello Mr. Bertelli and thank you so much for joining us. Good afternoon, nice to meet you. I hope you've been well. I'm fine, I'm fine. Great, great. So lots happening at your India office. Be it integration or people moment, let me start with the integration part of it. You know, just two months ago, I think the group integrated two publicity agencies here, BBH and Publicity Worldwide. Now what are your views on this new model, this new structure where two very, very defined agencies report to one common boss? So I'm really, really pleased about this collaboration between Publicities and BBH because they're two different cultures but at the same time with a very strong brand, the culture, which I think is the common ground for the two realities. And again, in India, you know, there have been so many good agencies but kind of stable. It's not like other markets where there are a lot of new entries and new changes and I think having some newity actually in the market will help. And a new proposition between Publicities and BBH is really, I think, is very welcome for the market. Again, BBH is a great reputation. Publicity was more like a client focus agency 360. I think the combination of the two together can be very interesting for the market. Okay, and tell me how do you go beyond an integration like this? How do you go beyond paper and actually reflect that? You know, how do you get two agencies to become one? And what are the expertise? What are the additional areas of knowledge that it will bring together? I think, you know, the bringing together is mainly on a management level. Then it's all about getting structure and see, you know, where are the differences and keeping the differences. In this kind of situation, it's really the integration that works. But that doesn't mean that, you know, one has to become like the other one. So keeping the difference, I think is a kind of the secret of success normally. So I think that that will be will be very interesting. Again, as I said, for the market and keeping this to different cultures, but actually working together. Yes. And how do you see an integration like this panning out in other markets? You know, if it's successful, will you bring it to other markets, integrate agencies, both agencies in other markets? But as you as you know, you know, our our cradle, our, our, our belief is the power of one. So publicist is very client focus, let's say, so market by market, we really try to collaborate and work together, depending on the needs of the of the clients, especially now with what happened with the COVID, there are a lot of needs, you know, that's coming from from from clients, which is not just communication related, but also business related. So having more brands working together, coming from different backgrounds, I think it's, it's not just a nice thing to have, it's really a need in in this in this moment. More than ever, we need to be partner of our of our clients in in this moment and only an integrated approach can can solve that. And when I say integrated approach, I mean like for real, not just on a PowerPoint and not not just to sell one agency and another one or whatsoever. So the big question, you know, that in the market at the moment, it's really how to make creativity and media and data working together for real in a in a in a constructive way. I think in the in the past, the way media and and the creativity have been working together was more in a way to make actually a creativity more efficient, let's say, you know, adjusting creativity, depending on the results, and just simply the future will be much more about efficacy. So how actually data information, you know, everything coming from media can help creativity, but at the beginning of the process, not along the process. Make sense. We'll make a lot of difference in the future. You know, interestingly, we having this conversation at the time when your agency in India has been in news, you know, recently, I think Shreja quit the agency. And just before that, Ajay had also exited the firm. I bet you and your South Asia had a lot on your plate right now, how are you going about it? Actually, you know, this is an issue regarding the COVID. I'm used to travel a lot to visit explicitly, you know, the new situation on new entries in, in especially on on on on a creative directors level. My idea would be actually to come to India in February, you know, to actually to talk to the new creative directors and to check the situation. Because as you said, that's been changing in the in the last two or three years quite often. But I think now, especially with this, with this model between publicist and VBH, this, the situation will be much stable. And let's go to the awards part. You know, two years after a no awards policy to support the investment on Marcel to coming up with your own awards called cans do using Marcel, you know, how has the journey been for publicists? Actually, I have to say, you know, that this, the, the, the relevance of Marcel has become a kind of a necessity with the COVID. So Marcel was a tool that actually created a connection, not, not only between offices and capabilities, but also among people with the same interest, sharing opportunities. So it was, it was, it was really amazing, you know, and I think, unfortunately, we added this, this, this, this pandemic thing, but these are accelerated, actually, the opportunity to connect to each other, and especially regarding opportunities, regarding jobs, and so on. So making actually the process much more flexible. I just, in only US, thanks to Marcel, we've been able to save over 1000 actually job places. Okay. You know, so how different, how different is was judging cans do? You know, you've been a jury for a lot of international awards, and this was an internal award. So how different was it, especially during the pandemic? I have to say, not, not, not much different because I've been judging also a couple of other awards, still, you know, virtually, so from, from, from home, I've been judging the end is and, and I think those are something else. So it was similar process. You go through a lot of work. And then you come to a short list. The only big difference is the discussion. Obviously, you know, when you are physically in the same jury, you can spend like two or three days discussing about the work going very deeply. When you are in front of a computer, normally, you cannot do it longer than four or five hours. Okay, right. Now, I'm sure it was just as tough to win these, these awards as well for the people there. It was, it was amazing, the submission of the worker. And again, thinking about the power of one, it was not just work submitted by creative agencies, but also different structures. You know, we had also workers submitted by epsilon by save by the media agencies. So it was a way actually to integrate it even more under the same, the same umbrella, all the different brands. And in this case was just about creativity, not about, you know, effectiveness, results, or whatsoever. It was just a true true creativity was very inspiring. And tell me what has been your biggest learning from the pandemic? And which, which of your agencies across markets have performed really well and responded well to the crisis? It's a good question. I have to say that the agency that actually responded better were actually the agency where that they got hit before. So for example, in China, then in Italy, you know, when, when we started actually understand what what was going on. So you had the chance actually to communicate about the pandemic before other markets. I don't know if you noticed, but there was also some critics about the fact that most of the work was very similar, you know, all the COVID was also some some jokes about it that was always the same structure with the same kind of music and so on. So let's say that in the countries where actually the COVID happened earlier, the work obviously was a fresher, more interesting, because everything was new. So it was also more more creative. I have to say. And then the second thing is that the best work that I've seen in within the network was on the big clients, which is kind of reverse the the the normally the hierarchy. Normally, you have like a really great worker coming from small clients, you know, like underdogs. Because of because of the COVID, the COVID supposed to such a global issue that people really needed to have a point of view from big brands, you know, to get guidance, to get inspiration, to get a little bit of hope regarding the future. So and forced also big global clients actually to give point of view to be a little bit more inspiring. I would say kind of Nike style. It was interesting to see good worker coming from big clients. You mentioned Heineken, Nestle, we got the Nivea. So a lot of international global worker, you know, to be actually to be to be to be spread a lot longer all the markets all over the world. Okay, you know, I remember reading one of your interviews where you know, this was about 10 months ago, and you spoke about, you know, how work how the work that agencies are dishing out now is too safe. You know, with the pandemic here and everything, would you say is the time for agencies to experiment or go down the usual path and you know, just play safe. Yes. So again, you know, we've been focusing in the last I would say two or three years. We've been focusing so much into results, the business approach, the integrated approach that no one was looking anymore at the bravery of the work. And I have to say, you know, also, from a creative point of view, being a judge on some of the awards, the work was kind of safe. Yes, average. I think with with the COVID, the work became much more brand led, which is always a good thing. Obviously, because of the pandemic was an issue that everybody had at the same time, he made the work a little bit uniform. A little bit, you know, I can say consistent. I can say, which is obviously not so differentiating, brave, brave, but not so differentiating. That would be my my big my frame, my analysis of the last eight months, especially now, after like recovering the situation, you're not trying to communicate the urgency of doing something, you know, on trying to behave well, to socialize responsibly and so on. I think now brands have to differentiate themselves again, and to take even a more sharper positioning regarding themselves. I'll give you an example. So for example, you know, brand like Apple now, it's really about creativity is getting sharper and sharper. Nike is becoming more contextualized, you know, same with with Anakin, the work now that we're doing, it's much more topical, it's much more related to what's happening outside. And this normally helps to make the work better. Because it means that you have to be more relevant, you need to be more contextualized, you need to be, you know, on the now. Right. You know, but there's also the small debate, you know, where, you know, sales, of course, with the pandemic here, sales getting affected in a very big way for most brands. There is a small, small question of whether agencies should work hard to create memorable, goodwill led ads, or should they go one step further and provide real business solutions to the clients and you know, be a real partner? I think that they're again, there are one thing doesn't exclude the other one. One of the big issue with creativity that agencies in the past have been selling like the big idea, the big idea, which is like a media neutral. It's a problem because it's great on paper, but then when you apply on the different touch points, it becomes much flatter. So I think creativity has us to be like a Caesar. So you need to what is about the brand strategy and the brand work. So your brand positioning, what you stand for as a brand. So being very, very clear who you are, what you believe in and so on. And then and then work instead using data, you know, building consumer journey, touch point, applying then creativity, once you have defined the consumer journey, what when when you have defined what what you want to change in the consumer behavior, creativity doesn't stay in the middle. As I said, it's like a Caesar, or you go very on top on the on the brand level defining, you know, what you are as a brand, or you go really at the bottom trying to be relevant in consumers life. You know, I asked because you know, I was speaking to a lot of marketers of late and, you know, just like always, the big complaint was, you know, that agencies only want to create communication solutions, and you know, bring bring home those big awards and not really enable, you know, solutions for their sales issues. So you know, that that's a bit concerned, that's where I'm coming from. But it's the difference between strategic and tactical. Sometimes this kind of work, you know, to solve like sales problems, or it's very tactical, you solve it for the next six months. But then also you work in a way that you need to solve the problem, or, you know, what's the issue on the long terms. I think one of the problems, it's not one of the problems. What happened with the pandemic? We've been working much more tactical in short terms. Let's try to solve, let's try to solve the problems in the next three months, not in the next three years. Right, right. No, because for most brands, it's pretty much a question of survival. I mean, they might not really see three years if you don't work on their right now. At the same time, you need to have a plan that is long lasting. So even if you're losing money, if you're losing, you know, a market share or whatsoever, in the short term, so you need to plan long terms in any case. Otherwise, it's very difficult to survive. And especially now, in a moment of uncertainty, people want to connect and to link that to brands that give them a safe that they, you know, that they feel like, oh, this brand will stay. Right, right. We need, we need to, in this moment, we really need stability, you know. So that's why, you know, we're trying to get more stable relationship, you know, we're trying to get more stable life. And we need to have also more stable brands. Absolutely. You know, in the past, I think four or five months, what have been the most difficult decisions that you had to make? You know, recently, agencies like Droga Five said that, you know, they had to cut 7% of their staff in US. I bet public policy also must have had to let go a lot of a lot of talent, because of course, cutting measures must be very difficult for you from, from the perspective of a global head, because agencies at the end of the day thrive on talent, right? So what were the difficult decisions for you? Again, my role doesn't impact directly on on who to keep and who to let go. My role is, is more about to make sure that the good people are actually are stay, stay, stay well, and they're happy, and they don't get depressed. So it's also a way actually to influence their moral. So I wanted to make sure that, you know, for example, the internal award that we had was also to keep up with the moral, you know, not having awards for credits, obviously it's, it's, it's not a big issue in a situation like that because we have a bigger issue, but the same time is a, is a motivation to keep doing well, to keep coming to work in the morning or to spending like it hours in front of a computer or a Skype or Skype meeting. So I wouldn't say that I had the difficult, difficult choices to make up because I had to work like day by day to make sure that, you know, all the good people, all the people that are in the, in the key position, stayed happy. Okay, makes sense. You know, you spoke about the awards. What has been the most impactful work that came out of publicity worldwide during the pandemic? And which country is it from? It went like a several good, good, good, good, good pieces. I would say, obviously, that the Burger King modeling whopper has been very visible in terms of PR, you know, that the whopper, the burger that is went off. But if I can mention, I really, I really would like to mention the, actually, the Nivea work. Which one? I'm sorry, your voice. Nivea, Nivea is a new client that we got, we got the bio stuff. And during the pandemic, I really liked the work that has been developed on the care positioning. So, you know, in a moment where it was very easy to forget about actually taking care of ourselves and other people, a brand message, you know, from Nivea, the caring was really, really nice. And I really liked it. Then I would say, yes, the back to bars on Heineken was very interesting, because it was a business solution. It was not just a communication thing. So on Heineken, we decided, instead of communicating like a point of view or something like that, to take action and support bars, which are in a big crisis at the moment. I think that same ad can be applied even in the Indian market, because bars are slowly opening up here in Delhi as well. So I think it will just fit fine. And it's really weird and it's kind of funny, you know, to go because the thing, the thing, when you go to a bar, and especially you start having a beer, then you start relaxing. And then you don't think anymore about the rules that you have to respect, you know, washing your hands, keeping the distance. So it's really part of your, of your nature. When you go to a bar, it's a typical moment when you really relax. Right. You don't think about rules anymore, unfortunately. And this is like, you have to be on your guard all the time, even with two drinks down. Yes. Fantastic. You know, to tell me what has your advice been for to your CCOs across markets? You know, most, most of the markets are kind of slowly opening up, though the pandemic is not going anywhere so soon. What has been your advice? I have to say that in general, I can tell that not being being in the same room, so working face to face as being impacting also the work. I can tell that, you know, working from distance, I think doesn't help to go deeper in sharpening insights, understanding what's the real issue and so on. So I would say like going back to normal work, obviously it's necessary to do it step by step, but especially for creative people, being able actually to see face to face and to discuss, you know, to go a little bit deeper and to make the work a little bit less superficial is something that actually to me is really needed. The second thing is related also to the question that you made me before, you know, it's more important actually to get to impactful work in terms of numbers or so in terms of memorability. So I think we need to revise our idea of storytelling. Storytelling now is becoming so important. And especially because during this, this COVID time, we've been watching so many films, we've been reading more books, we've been watching more TV series. So we got in love again with storytelling. And I think part of our job is to revise also in advertising storytelling in an interesting way. Okay, so two key advice. Fantastic. You know, tell me, you know, in the beginning part of the band, I mean, just when it started, I think a lot of pictures were put on hold, but now they're pretty much back in action. So which are the big account wins that you would like to talk about global and from your India office? I mean, globally, I really, I'm really happy for a couple of media wins, and particularly the JSK one, which is our is a global slainter. And in Brazil, it was a big, big win. On a local level, we won a barilla, which is the pasta in Italy, which is also a very, very interesting brand as well. And they became much more relevant during the during the pandemic. Then there are other wins like Sephora and Heinz. There is a new one that is coming. But I cannot, I cannot tell you yet. I would be very pleased to actually announce it quite soon. And then, and then, as I told you, I'm very pleased to see the new worker coming from Nivea, which is a, you know, a win of last year. But, you know, seeing like a good worker coming from a new client is always nice. You know, I have to ask you this, you know, if you had to pick one Indian brand for which, for whom you would want to make an ad, which one would it be? This is a good question. I mean, I always been a big fan of Times of India. I know Agnès Lúdia, I know Sentil, because in my past career, I used to work for JWT. And I always loved the work that they've been doing. And it's one of the, I think one of the most awarded Indian brand in the world. So that's for sure. But regarding my agency, I have to say that I really, as I mentioned before, I really liked the work that has been done on ZTV. This approach, mentioning using media, this best use of media, you know, waiting actually for the day that actually all the support were actually went back to to make all the announcement really, really smart. I really love the work. Okay, I think we love that ad too, the Z ad. Yes. And one more thing, you know, most agencies worldwide have faced the brunt of the lockdown with reduced client spends. How soon do you see demands returning to your key markets? It depends on the category, you know, for example, I think fashion brands will get back very soon. For example, looking in China, you know, which was a big disaster at the beginning of the pandemic. Now numbers are back to normal. I think cars will be slower. So you know, the category, it will take a little bit longer to recover depends on, you know, category by category. In general, what I see is like in food in particular, a lot of keep changing. Because you know, during the pandemic, we've been using and we've been eating like certain food. Now other type of food. So it's really, it's really changing. And it's not that stable. So this is where I'm also keeping my eye on to see what what what will be the future for sure. What's interesting regarding food. All the trend related to glamorous food, you know, how the food look like, trying new things out is a little bit gone. And now we are really back to an emotional relationship with food, much more, let's say to the basic food. And so it's no more about the how food look, you know, how fancy it is. Yeah, exactly. But it's much more about our emotional relationship with food, with people sharing the same table, all these kind of things. That's a big change that happened during the COVID. You know, and in India, specifically, we have the festive season and the IPL coming up, which is good news. So what would your advice be to your CCOs, Vikash and Wasabjeet? So meet the work, especially to keep your creatives happy. Fantastic. Have you got a chance to meet them after they were elevated? Of course, I'm guessing not because it was very recent. Not yet. As I said, hopefully I will be I will be in India in February. Okay. And one last question. What is that one thing that will change forever for creative agencies across the world after the pandemic? So one thing for sure is the way we work together. So even going back to normal, we will never go back to like, say eight or 10 hours in the office. For that will be much more flexible. So we we learn that we can we can we can we can work from distance. Which doesn't mean that we have to stay this way all the time. But we can be much more flexible. It means that, for example, a lot of meetings will happen on Skype. You know, I used to spend most of my time actually traveling to have a physical meeting with clients. And, you know, in the last six months, I just been doing Skype meetings. And actually sometimes actually the meetings were sharper, faster, easier to take decisions. So that I think will not get back. That that that part will stay the way we're we're we're rebalanced with the human connection. To me, it's more about internal work. When you really want to get crafted when you really want to go a little bit deeper, you know, then obviously you you need to have physical meetings. Absolutely. So yes, here's hoping that, you know, when we look back at the pandemic, a few months, a few years later, we look at it as an opportunity and, you know, not an obstacle. So it was it was delightful talking to you, Mr. Batelli, and I hope the next time we speak, it's not a virtual meeting, though it's convenient, like you mentioned, but I really would like to meet you when you come down to India, maybe in February. Absolutely. And then also also in Canada, next year, like I said. Yes, absolutely. Thank you. Thank you so much for joining us. That's me saying thank you from the viewers also. It was a pleasure. I mean, again, it was really nice actually to talk to you. And I really hope to see you soon. Absolutely. Cheers. Bye bye.

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OFFICIALLY ART NEW R&B COUNTRY SINGER THAT LOVES TO SING SO SHE STOP BY TO SHOWCASE HER SKILLS

OFFICIALLY ART is a new artist that was born inCalifornia but now she grew up in Tyler Texas and she stop by BossTalk 101 to Bless us with her story and sound Officially Art has a beautiful spirit and is one of a Kind and she shares her experience growing up and traveling and loving Music officially Art BOSS TALK 101 Approved #r&b #singer #country Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/e_ceo_/?hl=en Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bosstalkpodcast101/?hl=en Apple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/boss-talk-podcast-101/id1555978974 Spotify Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/0yD2UzYyp3Pg9JwBjgK92j

Gif0KWNnW8A

Big shit, it's a unique hustle nigga, big shit, big shit, big shit, name another podcast like this. Check it, check it, check it, it's a unique hustle, it's your boy E-CEO and I'm here with the lovely official, Ms. Jamaica. Hey, what's going on man? Another day, another dollar man. Same man, we got special guests in the house today man. She's a brilliant singer, brand new. She's not, she hasn't been in it forever. She fresh. Check it out man, Ms. Officially Art? Yes sir. Officially Art. Yeah, you can just call me Art. Art? Yeah. Check it man, Art is in the building man, what's going on? What's up, what's up? I'm here and I'm glad to be here. Hey man, so you know, shout out to Tray for making it happen. He was on me like, I don't know what that was, but he was trying to get you in here. He likes the music a lot. So shout out to that, that's Tray. Shout out to him. Yeah, yeah, yeah, so, so you from Tyler? Yes sir. East Texas. East Texas in the building. Yeah, shout out East Texas man, all you boys down there, y'all got a lot of talent come from down there. So check it man. First thing we want to know is where she came from for that name, just Officially Art. Well, really? My initials spelled Art. So my middle, first, middle and last name spelled Art. Oh, that's cool. Yeah, so just to make it professional, I just put Officially in the front. So now it's just Officially Art. And you've always been by that name? No, people normally just call me Art. And now they say Officially Art. Okay, so just tell us a little bit about yourself. Did you grow up? How old were you when you, did you live your entire life in Tyler? No, I was born in Cali. So you was born in Cali. Shout out to Cali, what part? Upland, it's like, that's what they got that money at. Look, I don't know. How old was you when you moved out from Cali? Yeah, probably like three. Okay, so then I went to Fort Worth. Oh, you went to Fort Worth? Yeah. Stop six? Yeah. Market town? Yeah, you've been moving around a lot. Shout out to Fort Worth, man. Them boys out there, they got some real stumped down boys. Hey, man, shout out to White Man. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Them boys over there real, I like them. Yeah. So then after Fort Worth, it just came to Kilgore, East Texas. Kilgore, Overton? No, Kilgore. You was right there back in Overton? Yeah, yeah, about Overton, yeah. How did you, okay, so your mother just like moving around? I guess, my mom and dad. Okay. And then I went to Tyler. So it wasn't even military or any religion? Oh, yeah, my dad was in the Navy. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, I had to be here. Because normally when people move around a lot, that's usually the reason why, because of the military. But I've been in Tyler the longest, so. How old were you when you actually settled in Tyler? In Tyler, probably like, around 10? Okay. Yeah, so you've been there the longest? Yeah, the longest, yeah. Is that your favorite place you've lived out of everywhere? That's the only place I really remember. Remember? Yeah, yeah, yeah. So you were down in Tyler, banging it out. So, yeah, yeah, so did you go, what, you say you went to college at where? Prairie View? Prairie View A&M University. Shout out Prairie View. Yes, sir. A&M, my little cousin over there, what's her name? Satoria, man, shout out Satoria over there. Satoria over there, Prairie View, man, holding it down with that 4.0? Great point, Avery. That's her, GPA. Shout out to my little cousin, man, all of that. Okay, yes. Yeah, we working, man. What did you take up over there? Chemical engineering. Chemical engineering. So have you landed you a gig yet? Right now, I'm an internship. You're becoming a Dallas. Yeah, I work at Dallas. So that's what you want to do or you want to be a full-time singer? I feel like I need both. I need to balance both. Is it possible to do both? Because a chemical engineer, that requires a lot of time. Well, right now, I'm doing research, so right now, I need to be able to think and have artistic side. I need both. I can't just have one or then I'm unbalanced. Already? Unbalanced, huh? Okay, so you know in order to be a millionaire, shout out Steve Madden and all the other multimillionaires that I've linked up with, you can't just do one thing. You gotta get it. You gotta get it. But it's different, though. The type of careers that you're pursuing, they both need you to be in there to perform. Compared to Steve Madden and all these other people, they can start it, hire a whole bunch of people, and let it run. And just build a business. But with being a chemical engineer, they need you there doing everything and being a singer. You have to be present to go perform. When you're dealing with it, you start off a certain way. You're a brand in a sense. So with you being a brand, you definitely gotta know how to delegate well or have some people around you to help you with that craft. And also chemical engineering is just a, really, it's a startup process, a foundation. To me, to where you're not going to continue to do that, you're going to end up branching off and being something else. Because right now, I don't even work in the engineering field. I do research for another company, not even an engineering company. So I'm just like, you know, I just need to use both sides of my brain. I can't just use one. That's just how I work. Well, you're young, though, man. Yeah. You're young. You know what I'm saying? And the kids? No. She's just a kid herself. No, man, no kids, nothing. And that's what's up. I mean, at the end of the day, you're young, man. But don't play with time. Okay. Don't play with time. And don't rush. And don't play with time, though. Don't play with time. You need to figure it out. Got to. And the reason I say that is because time is of the essence. Yeah. You know, that's the most important thing is that you don't play with time. I could promise you. Don't scare me. No, no, no, no. It's serious because most people take it, they don't take it seriously enough. Yeah. See, tomorrow is not promised to you. Yeah, true. So you got to be serious about making sure you enjoy the day. I felt that. Hey, you're gonna feel a lot sitting there dealing with me. You don't realize what's going on. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So when you started out being from Tyler, but then going to PV, did you feel like, man, when I got up there, you like it's, man, like, did you get wild? Well, don't lie to me. I didn't want to go to PV. Did you get wild? Well, shout out to the wild girls down there at PV to have parties. I just got cultured. I'm gonna say that. I got cultured. That's what they're calling it. Culture. I got cultured. What does that mean? You got cultured. Since you say you got cultured while you were there, that means that when you were at home with your family, were you a shelter child? Yeah, yeah. Because my dad's a pastor, so I was just like. Shout out to your dad as a pastor. So what's his name? Oh my gosh, you're not beating him like that. You don't want him to be, ah, man, you wrong for that. So when that's up, dad, he see a man. Hey, man, your little girl is here. I hope you see this video. She didn't want to say your name, but shout out to your church, your establishment, everything that you're doing for God, it goes notice. I'll let your boy see unique hustle. Oh, praise is the God. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So that's where you started singing, was in the church? Oh yeah, in the church. But I didn't, I didn't really think I could actually sing until like later, you know, like probably in college to be completely honest. So what, um, what made you feel that you could sing? Was it people who told you that or then what was that? Well, because like, I kind of always got compared to my friends and like they were, like my friends could sing too. So it's like, I always got compared to them. So I was kind of insecure, but in college I would record myself and I'm just like, oh, like it's actually sound good. You know, so I'm like, oh, maybe like I could actually do this. I loved it. I used to write as a kid. So do you write all your lyrics now? Yeah. I don't really get no help writing my lyrics. Sometimes I do, but sometimes you do get help. Yeah, but most of the time I don't. I don't. So if you could go back and tell and, um, how were you at that time? Oh, like when you first discovered that you could sing or first had, you know, confidence in yourself. Probably like 19. So if you could go back and tell your 16 year old self because you were singing before that, um, something, what would you tell your 16 year old self to motivate yourself at that point? Because there are girls out there honestly like you who, um, back then who love to sing, but don't have the confidence, feel that whether they're not pretty enough or their vocals are not enough because they feel like they have to have that full package. You have to have the looks with the voice with this to be marketable. What would you have to, what would you tell that child? I would tell that child back then that 16 year old girl, that 11 year old girl, that 10 year old girl, that you can be whatever you want to be, you know, and as long as you put your full heart into it and your passion and your love into it, it will never go unnoticed. So that's why I would tell that little girl. That's deep. I like it. You know, the thing is, you got to always remember, there are people that watch and behind these microphones, they're very powerful. So as you permeate the ears of those young people out there, we hope that they see something in you that changes them. That's the same thing your dad be doing, trying to get that message out. Yeah. Yeah. So now you doing it through song. Yeah. Check it, man. No, for real. I peep that. I'm excited though. Yeah. Yeah. Well, we happy to have you on the show, man. We just, we love the fact that, you know, our young people, man, they are, yeah, they're doing things and they're trying to come out of a box of bubble, you know, and PV, you know, you, you got, you check it, man, you degrade up, man. You know what I'm saying? You're not only you, not only are you trying to sing, but you went and got education and that's important, you know, from HBCU. Shout out, man. That's what I'm talking about. Check it. What have been inspiring you so far when you write your songs, like all the songs you've done before? What was your inspiration? My pain. Your pain. Wait a minute. That's so crazy. Why is it always pain? Well, sometimes it is. Inspire people. It's not really joy as much when you're joyful. Sometimes it is. Sometimes like the idea of things makes me want to write music. Like sometimes, like I've never had a boyfriend, right? So I always think I've never had a boyfriend. No, I used to be gay. Oh, that's a long story. But you can't just touch on something and then jump off and be like, so hold on. Shout out to the gay girl. There's so much to talk about, but let's get into it. That's what we're here for. Okay. So, so let's go back. Hold on. We got a lot of topics to cover. Hold on. Hold on. Let me let me say this. The reason why we touch on all these topics, especially when you bring it up, I always say, don't ever be scared to say things because we use our platform to educate, to help people because there's so many other young girls out there who might be watching this, who is in your shoe that you wore in, you know what I mean? So you want to use this voice, this platform to help someone. Yeah, too. You know, so don't ever feel shy or, I tell people, when you go through things, don't ever be ashamed of what you go through. No matter how bad it is, don't ever worry about somebody judging you because God allows us to go through things for a reason. If you're still here, I mean, you overcame it. Or if you haven't even overcome it, you are about to overcome it. So you have to keep pushing because your story is going to be a testimony to someone else who is watching. True. You see what I mean? So just growing up, you know, you know, and going through what you went through, I mean, you know, how did you get caught up in the fact that you thought you was gay? Um, as a young child, um, I was already, I don't know, like I was already hypersexual. And I don't know if I was just born like that. Young, young, like young, like 10, two, like two, three, like young. I don't know if somebody older approached me. No, you don't remember that happening, do you? I remember. I remember, I remember distinct little things. Definitely remember. Um, it would be like a little boy and me, we were kissing, but I'm three years old, but at this time, I don't know how it started. So it had to be him. But I just know he was young too. He was older to me. I don't know. I was three. So I was living in forward at this time. So maybe he was like five or six. Okay. You know, so I don't really know. But, um, he was legal. Let's go. Let's go. But then, um, I remember in elementary school, I used to look at girls and their butts or whatever. And I just be like, why do I do that? And at this time, I'm just like, I'm growing up in the church. So I know it's wrong, you know, because I can tell I can feel it. But most women do that anyway. Yeah, but I didn't know. I just felt weird. So I'm just like, why am I doing that? So I'm like, you know, I just want to look at their jeans because I think they're, you know, cute. So I've kind of programmed myself to look at their jeans. And then after a while, it kind of just like, too, I was like, Oh, you know, it's going away. But then, uh, this girl in third grade, um, she touched me and down there. And like, I was just like, Whoa, you know, I like that. I don't know how I liked it. I did. And she used to do all the time. And then this little boy in the same grade did it to me. And I'm just like, what's going on? You know, so then I look under the table one day, we're all like at a table computer lab. And they're both doing it to each other under the table. And I'm just like, boy, they want some managed kids right now. No, I wasn't killed by this. All these kids, boy, I tell you, I'm just like, you know, what's going on? And then, okay, let's just keep going. And this was in elementary school. This elementary school. You know what? Shout out to Lyndon and we had our years. And that's funny because, okay, raising being a mom, raising kids. And then, um, I'm glad that my daughter, she has a relationship with me where she comes to me and tell me certain things. And it blew my mind when she told me certain things in elementary school that these kids were doing. And I'm like, I'm thinking, you do, you start doing all that in high school. Yeah. And when they're telling me elementary school, I'm like, Oh my God. Yeah. No, I can remember things happening in elementary school. I mean, kids, I mean, you get your first girlfriend in about the third grade. Yeah. Third, third, second to third grade. Yeah. I, I, I started, yeah, reaching out about the third grade, write my letters, you know, yes or no, you know, what's up, you know, yeah, I just learned how to write, but I'm in your build. I mean, I'm gonna go and get it to you. You put it in your book bag. That's funny. Yeah. But this is what it, this is where it starts. And you see, you know, you're a kid, but you see, and you're pretty much, you're seeing these relationships. And I think a lot of times people ignore the fact that kids are looking. So you're like a sponge at an early age. So you, you pick up on things. And it's not a thing to where you should not think that it happens with everybody. This happens with, this is, this is human nature. This is the way we, the way we respond. Now, the only thing is you don't have nobody to talk to. That's what I was just about to ask you. Did you ever have a parent or older person to go to your mom or someone? Oh, you feel like you had to hide it? Like in, at this point in my life, I felt like maybe this is normal, you know, three, a third grade, a third grade. I really didn't know. Like I really was, okay, maybe I just didn't talk to nobody about it. But I don't, I don't know why, you know, I don't know why I didn't talk to nobody about it. But I knew what was like, I knew what was going on, but I didn't know it was what it was. I don't know if it was bad, good, like it was just happening, you know. So then, oh, I just have to say this, parents, talk to your kids, ask these questions, even in elementary school. I'm telling you this right now, because when you're saying that, the only thing I'm thinking is that parents are not approaching you to ask you these questions because they're thinking that these things don't happen in elementary school. So there, so yes, a child might not feel comfortable or no, okay, I need to go talk to my mom or I need to go talk to my aunt or whatever. Or my dad, sorry. But we as parents need to ask our kids, even at that age, what goes on in school, build that relationship with your child, even at that age, because things are going on in these schools. Yeah, I just had to say that. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Go ahead. Okay, but after that, um, like towards middle school, it was going away. Like, I got into guys. I was like, whoa, you know, start going boy crazy. So I was like, yes, like, you know, I met a group of friends, they were bad influences. And then, um, seventh grade year, though, my friends turned on me and I got bullied. And like the whole school turned on me. And then while this is going on, I got molested. And that really affected like everything. By who? I'm not putting that out. What did you get bullied for? A family member? Yeah. Give me a second. Let me ask this question. Definitely. It was a family member. I don't mind you're not putting it out. But how were you? Uh, at this point, I'm like 12. Oh, so you're like 12 now? Yes. And this is probably like the worst time it could happen. Did you ever talk to anybody? Uh, no. Tell anybody? No. You felt like you couldn't? I feel like I couldn't. But eventually you did? Uh, eventually I did probably in high school. Okay. But at this, at this point in middle school, um, I'm like chubby. So, um, I just stopped eating and I started wearing oversized clothes. And at this point, my whole, all my friends turned on me. So I left to be alone, you know, and I didn't want to go to cafeteria because I was scared. You know, I didn't want to get picked on. I had, I was alone. You know what I'm saying? And your parents didn't see the change in you where that was concerned of how you were dressing, how you were acting. The bullying they knew about because it was a big deal. It was, um, blown up around school. Like, like I said, this guy was talking to stop talking to me because he heard the rumors that were going around, which weren't even true, you know. So at this point, it was like a turning stage, definitely a turning point in my life. Um, that kind of shaped my brain, how my brain functions now, which is not good. But it, what I look at is the fact that you're still here because a lot of people, some people commit suicide over bullying. Some people, um, do terrible things because of bullying. You know what I mean? But you're still here too. So always turn whatever you go through into a positive. Yeah. Yeah. It's just, um, it's just emotional, but it's crazy because the person that did turn on me is like my best friend now. So. Oh. Yeah. So one of my best friends. Let me, let me, let me go back into the, uh, you got molested part. When you came out of it, do you feel like you've, uh, now, uh, healed from it? And I think the reason I brought that back up because something that Keevia said when he was on here is when you can't talk about it fully, you still hadn't fully healed. And I agree with that because it's a thing where you can tell that's why when he said I was molested four times by, uh, two boys and two girls, two, two, two adults, four adults, four adults, two, uh, two men and two women. Okay. And then he was able to express it to us and talk to us about it. And he said the reason he could, because it's his testimony, so he can help other little kids out there. So whenever you get ready to talk about it, let me know because those kids can see something in you that could spring a change in their life. I was going to go ahead and put in my music. Um, I talked, I talked to people about it. Like, I definitely, um, it's just, no, no, no, no. If you're not ready, don't do it. I'm just saying at some point that can help some other little kid that might be in middle school or 12 years old, like you were to come out of their situation. And it's people like you that can pull them out because nobody else has been through it and you've been through it. So you can tell them, baby, you got to do this. I had to do this and I wish I had had done that. The next thing you know, they're coming out of the situation by the grace of God. You got to always put God in the forefront of it because that's the only thing that gives you the power of healing and forgiveness to bring you out of the situation completely. To move forward. And also speaking about it can help you heal yourself. You know what I mean? Because the more you lock something up, you don't deal with it. But the more you talk about it, the more it becomes like not controlling you. You control it. You know what I mean? So you have to talk about it, whether it's through your music. A lot of people who do music, they do it through, that's how they get everything out. That's how they heal. That's therapy. You know what I mean? That's how they do that. But you just got to make sure that you keep on putting that music out, man, and healing these kids and healing these grown folks. Because they ain't just kids. These grown people that are still held back by situations that overtook them at young ages. And they're saying, you know, bam, you know, they said, dang, man, I heard art, man, and that helped me, man. And they could be 40 years old. True. They could be 50. They could be 30. But still hadn't healed in those spots where art is singing to them about. You know what I'm saying? Shout out to art. I can't wait for that. Shout out to art. Yeah, that's the one we want to know. I'm going to be looking out for that one. I got y'all. I got y'all. Yeah, you're going to come back and share it on the platform. Man. So when you just just tell me, top three artists of all time that you that you look up to, there could be Dead or Alive in a genre. Top three artists dead or alive. Dead or alive. Let's see. Number one. Let's say Drake. I like Drake. I like Michael Jackson. Michael Jackson. And Sam Cook. Sam Cook. Shout out to Sam Cook. That was just on the top of my head. So that's good. That's quick to cut. A lot of times people always get the one and two real quick and then sit down and have to come and play for the third. What was the staff? Who did she say? Drake. Michael Jackson. Michael Jackson and Sam Cook. I remembered. That's good. That'll work, you know. And so if you could sing with anybody, you say it would be who? If you could sing with, perform with anybody. Perform with anybody. Yeah. Yeah. Have a EP with anybody. Oh, EP. Who would it be? Come on now. Don't take all day. You love it. I don't know. I don't kind of like. You should have had that on a bucket list somewhere. I know it off the top of your head like that. It's so many people though. Give it to me. It's a lot of people I would like to EP with. It would have to be Drake. Shout out Drake. You made the EP list. But it's so many more. It was it's so many more. But Drake the goat right now. So I get it. Everybody love Drake. Yeah. It's just the emotion, you know. Yeah. And I'm all about emotion. Yeah. So you can't tell right now. Good song. No, it's all good. It's all good. But that's good. R&B. I mean, singers have to be emotion because I love R&B. Okay. You keep saying that every show. Who do you love in R&B? I do. I love R&B. Who is your favorite R&B artist? I love Kim. I love. Kim? Oh, no, I didn't ask. No, just one. Who do you love the most? The most? Oh, Charlie Wilson. Oh, yeah. Shout out to Charlie Wilson. Quit picking at my wife, nigga. I love you some, Charlie. I don't like that nigga no more. You're in it. You're in it for my little gap band, Charlie Wilson. Man, tell him, I say, he's about 70. Look here, man. Don't be coming at me. How you seeing that new Charlie Wilson with all that beard? Oh, I ain't shooting that old man, man. Looking good. Get that man some AARP or whatever. Looking good. You know what I'm talking about. Not the looking good. So let's get back to the music. So you sing a little bit. Yeah. You think, we're going to see if you can give us a little bit. You know, I mess with you. The girls that come on these show, I give them tough times. Oh, gosh. Perform it. Let's get into it, man. You're going to do a little freestyle. Give me a little bit. Hold on. Don't just jump into it. We want to make sure we got our sounds and stuff right. Okay. Can you hear that? Yeah. This is a little louder. Yeah. I got it right here, man. What do you think? Yeah, I'm good. That's it? All right. Let me bring that back. Check it, man. We're going to bring you in. You know what I'm saying? Just relax. You know what I'm saying? Feel the vibe. Art, officially art, is in the building. And hey, man, y'all about to enjoy this. Check it, man. That's a vibe right there. Yeah. It is. That's a vibe. Okay. That's why you picked that. Okay. Y'all got you. Check it, man. Let the beat come in. Yeah, it ain't came in yet. It's coming. Check it, check it, man. Art. About to perform Art, man. I got to get rid of the jitters. Let's go. Been waiting for your love. I've been waiting for your love. I've been waiting. Your love has got me complaining. You just keep waiting. Keep hurting me. I just want your love. I just can't wait to be so confused. Come on. How you gonna be, be, be? How you gonna sleep, sleep, sleep without me? Oh. Been waiting for your love. I've been waiting for your love. Can't you love me so enough? Can't you just say no? Yes, sir. Yeah, that's just a little something. Say it, man. Very nice. Very unique, man. It's a vibe, man. You know, Art, man. Officially, Art, man. Just did that. Hey, man. And I'm gonna be honest with you, man. Anytime you drop that music, you gotta come through and see us, man. It's a whole different vibe. I see where you're going with it. What did you think about Art, man? She's talented. She's talented? She's talented. Yeah, man. I'm gonna be honest with you. I love to hear the new talent. I love to hear the sound. You know, I love to see the build-up. I like all that, man. You know what I'm saying? So, you know, Boss Talk love you now. You and Boss Talk's arms. Yeah, we embracing you now. I really appreciate that. Yeah, yeah, yeah. And that past to daddy, we definitely like them, too. You don't know him, do you? And so, do you have a good relationship with your dad right now? Yeah. Yeah, I mean... That's good, and your mom as well? Yeah, we all, we all like trying to heal from wounds. So, it's like, it's kind of up and down, but at the end of the day, you still love. It's life. You gotta tell, let me tell you, no matter what you've been through in life with any loved one, doesn't have to be your dad, your mom, but any loved one, just tell them every day that you love them. No matter what you've been through, say, I forgive you, and will you forgive me? Because don't ever think that you just have something up against somebody, and it doesn't go both ways. You always ask that, because you don't ever know when is your time or when is their time. Yeah, sure. Don't ever think that you have time to reconcile. I have heard that so many times. Oh, I have time to reconcile. We gonna be good, and tomorrow they're gone. Yeah. You don't ever know. Let me go a little deeper. When I think about what we've talked about here on this platform, and what she's been through, I look at her art, right? And I look at the things that she's trying to accomplish in life. And those unforgiving doors, or those healing points, can slow down the process of her production and what she's trying to accomplish. So therefore, you have to forgive, and you have to heal, in a way to where you can produce. Because God is, that whole thing, that's why the Bible tell you, if you have any fault with any brother, that you have to leave that gift at the altar, and then you have to go to that brother and apologize, because he knows that that process is gonna heal you, and it's gonna help you and the individual that you have the issue with. So as you go through life, you have to at some point dump everything. So you can continue on. At the end of the day, like, I don't even want to get emotional, but... Wow. Like, I don't know. I'm just very overwhelmed with emotions. Yeah. You know, sometimes healing, when you're healing, like, everything seems okay, you know. But then tomorrow, it just seems like you're breaking apart. Yeah, but I think every day is another day, and you have to wake up with the same, with that intensity. That's why the Bible said, not don't let the sun go down on your wrath. Because if you let the sun, you know, if you take it to the next day, and you take it to the next day, and you continue to hold on to it, it's baggage that you carry, and it holds you up. It's like you got a bag on your back, right? And you're trying to go, and as you go, it's hard to, it's hard to go because of all the stuff that keeps holding you back. And you got a special gift, and that special gift in you is pretty much going to help a lot of people around you. And the devil knows that. So with the devil knowing that, he tries to stop that gift in you by putting all these different things up against you to stop you from prospering. Does that make sense to you? Yeah. So this is the thing you have to do. You have to learn to pray, and you have to learn to let go, and you have to learn to heal, and as you process all these things, God continues to love you because you heal. And you know what helps me? A lot of times we're going through situations, like say today's a good day, and you're so happy, and tomorrow comes, and it's a bad day. The first thing we start to be mad at a bad day, we, why, why, why? It was such a good day yesterday. We're not thinking that that's the devil attacking me because God started working miracles in my life. So I'm not gonna let him win. I'm gonna change this mood. I'm gonna change this feeling. Whatever I need to do to turn this from a negative to a positive, I'm going to do this because just like a person who's an alcoholic, in order for them to get help, they have to first say, I'm an alcoholic. So in order for you to overcome the devil, you have to realize that all those bad things that you're going through, that's him coming at you. Whether that's God allowing him to come at you, to test you, to make you get stronger, and to learn from it. But you have to realize what it is first. And once you notice what it is, you can defeat it. You can say, you know what? You're not gonna play with me today and just keep it moving. You understand what I mean? So you have to talk to yourself. That's what I do. I talk to myself a lot. And like I said, the one thing about it, when you think about pressing on, you know, Paul said something about it, say I press on toward the high calling, which is in Christ Jesus. It's like you're gonna hit some of the bull's-eyes you're gonna miss, but you got to continue to shoot. So every day, when you're going through different challenges and everything that you're waking up to, it's a different time that you have to fight these battles. You know what I'm saying? It's a battle every day. You know what I'm saying? So you get up with it. I get up with it. She get up with it. And everybody around you gets up with it. That some people can hide, there's a little better. But at the end of the day, everybody going through something. And so that's the whole game. And I think a lot of times people put up these fake perceptions of life on Instagram, on Facebook, on TikTok, on Twitter, and it makes you think that everybody having a damn good time. When it's a lie, a lot of times, most of the time it's a lot of falsism. These guys are staging just like episodic events in a movie. So don't get caught up on anything, but your relationship with God, your personal relationship with God. He says that you fearfully and wonderfully made. He says that you are a chosen generation of peculiar people. You know what I mean? He said you are God. So at the end of the day, you got to get those things inside or you encourage yourself. You don't need nobody else to encourage you. Art, you can encourage yourself because God said you were more than a conqueror. Is that the way you're supposed to do it? Yeah. That's what you got to do. That's what I've been doing. That's what I've been doing. It's like I've been doing so good and my relationship with God is strong and it's continuing to get better and progress. And just right now, something's been trying to hold me back because I feel elevation coming. I feel something about to happen tomorrow. Today it filled me. So I know I am called to be someone great and someone to inspire more than just myself and more than just people here. And I'm called to inspire little girls and even little boys. And I know this and it's like, but sometimes it's hard. But you went through all this stuff to be able to do it. You have went through the things to be able to touch the people because they're going through a lot of hurt. So just look at it that way. You're the chosen one. It's not going to be easy. And then by you saying what you just said, but it's hard. But when you overcome this and you're talking to those little boys and little girls, you're going to say, but it was hard. But I didn't see the light at the end of the tunnel, but I overcame by the grace of God because you always have to put them in there. You always have to do that because you can feel it. You can feel it. It's so crazy. Always have to put them in it. You always have to change your mood every time whenever it's not going the way in which it's supposed to go. Whether you have to go in the Bible or sometimes I'll throw on some gospel music to change my mood. But you have to. And you just keep it moving and lead your life every day in that positive manner because you don't know who is watching you. Tell your stories because people want to know that they can look at you having a good life now and nobody never knew your dark past. And be like, oh, she looked like she she's been perfect ever since she was. But they don't know your testimony. If they knew your testimony, it could change somebody else's life. True. You know what I mean? Yeah, yeah. How old are you again, if you don't mind me asking? 24. 24, that's a good age, man. Young. Say, yeah, you young, but like I told you, don't play with time. You know what I'm saying? Yeah, we got to make sure we get this, you know, this vision out there. Yeah. We got to get this gift out there. Yeah, I got siblings. I have two brothers and four sisters. Are you the youngest? Yeah. Yeah, she got that baby girl. Baby girl. I got three sisters. It's my bad. I forgot about one. One of which one did you forget about? No, no, no. Check it, man. I said I had too many. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. So you have one more. I think I got three. Yeah, yeah. Is it by the same mom and dad? No. Wait. No. No. I don't know where that went. I figured that the way it is. But that's when people normally forget somebody is because it's by different. Yeah. Right. Yeah. So on my mom's side, I only got one sister. And on my dad's side, that's where everybody else come from. And what you're saying is it explains a lot because what you're speaking on is dysfunctionality. Mm-hmm. Yeah. And that's something that I've faced. That's something that my kids have faced. I tell my kids, it's not your fault. When my daughter was going through something, it's not your fault because I didn't give you a good platform to go by in life. Because I did so many things at a young age that I caused a schism between my family members because my daddy did it. And so basically what I'm explaining to you is generational curses. So when they went through it, they're going through the same thing I went through. And they're like, man, it's tough. And I'm like, man, it's tough. But it takes God to mend those places, those bridges. And so my first thing is to say to my kids, hey, man, I put you all through a lot. And when you come to me with a problem, I know why you're going through it because a lot of it's my influence, a lot of it's your mother's influence. And I just want to tell you I'm sorry. And then maybe they can move on. But we've got to do something to stop the curse from happening to each generation. Yeah, true. That's what I'm doing. Like, I already know I'm the one to break these curses. Right, the curse, yeah. And I feel like that's another reason why it feels so heavy sometimes. Yeah, yeah. So I just know everything's going to fall into place. And I do have faith. Hey. So. Hey. Can we remove mountains? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Faith, the grain of a mustard seed. Just a little bit of faith. I wasn't expecting to come on here and be here. Hey, hey, hey, hey. This is where it happened. There's a lot of praying going on in here. See, you can understand that we people that pray. So when you come in here, anything can happen because the devil is in trouble because I'm here. See, I'm the one that he don't even want to deal with because I'm the one that been through a lot. You know what I'm saying? So it's like, OK, now I'm going to guide you out with me. We're going to walk out together. You know what I'm saying? Holding our hand up in victory. Yeah. You understand that we're going to win. And that's why the music going to do good. That's why you here. God didn't bring you here for no reason. You know what I'm saying? If you want to come and express something, if you want to come and launch something that you got this new, Boss Talk 101 is here, man. We're here for you. Anybody that come on our platform, we prayed for them to come on our platform. Yeah, we pray in. We pray every day. Because I always, well, we always pray that anybody who come here, God lead them here so that whether we can give them a word or they can tell their testimony and change somebody, help somebody. Because I've always said, and I keep on saying, this platform is here to help. It's here to help. And to change people's lives. That's right. So you came on to show your music, but we already have another plan. We're here to help somebody. Yeah. Your gift is something that's in you. You know what I'm saying? And it's supposed to help people. That's what your gift is for. Yeah. Your singing is to help somebody. Yeah. You see what I'm saying? I already know. Yeah, yeah. So you're going to help people. Yeah. And that's the good part about it. And you've blessed us today for just coming on the platform, man. I mean, I've enjoyed myself. You know, how about you? I do as well because you have a gift that I always said I wish I had. Yeah, she don't have it. Because I cannot sing. No, not a lick. Hello. I'm sorry. Go ahead. Because singing can change a mood. It can change somebody's life. When you sing and someone can hang on to every word that you're saying, you know what I mean? If you sing for good times, bad times, and someone is going through something, they already know I need to pull for her song because she's going to uplift my spirit. Just like how I tell you, you have to pull for a gospel song when you know you're fighting against the devil. Yeah. Songs do so much for people. And it's not always the melody. It's the words. So when you sit down here and you can sing something and you can touch someone's soul. Man, that's a miracle to touch someone's soul. That's why the words that you can sing and really they can feel every everything that you're going through just by how you sing it. You know what I mean? They can feel your pain. They can feel your joy. That's something else. For me, rap, I don't get that for fuck. I'm serious. But singing, I get that. What about, say, what song do you, what do you sing when you really thank you? Like if I say you're doing an audition for something and you had to give me a solo, what would it be? Let's see. Maybe I'll be singing country music. Yeah. I want to hear that. I got a guy named T-Dash coming on Saturday. Have you heard of him? Oh, he have. I'll let you, I'll let you definitely, I'll let you hear him when we're off the air. Okay. But you probably don't see him. You look great. Okay. So, yeah, she say it would be country. Probably, probably like, yeah, maybe. I love country. Yeah. Who you think you is? There's Ruck or somebody? Tim McGraw? I don't know. I like all types of music. What's the country song that you like? Oh, you probably won't know it. Yeah, I know, man. It's called Oklahoma by Billy. Yeah. Let's go. Gilman. You can hear it? Hold on. Yeah, yeah, yeah. I want to, maybe I can just do. Oh, you got something you want to do? I don't know yet, because I got so many own. Yeah. See, when you tell her to sing, she go to smiling. Oh, let's see. All right. Let's go. One last turning out his breath As they reached the fifth house on the left And all that was, the tears came rolling in And as they pulled into the drive A man was waiting there outside Wiped the worry from his eyes Smiled and took his head And he says, I'm the man who looks like you Who cried because I never knew About the boy in pictures that they showed me A rambler in my younger days I knew I made a few mistakes But I swore and I would have been there Had I known it You always said that this was something that you wanted Son, it's time to meet your dad in Oklahoma Hey, man. Say, man, that was so beautiful. Wait, stop the press, man. Check it, man. That was singing, man. Say, man, stop playing with them, man. That's art, man. I heard your vocals a little more in this than what you did before. Oh, I had some anxiety in that freestyle. Like, that's why I didn't start. I like, I love that because I heard so much of your riffs, your ups and downs. I mean, I heard a lot in what you just did, and I'm in love with your voice. Check it, man. Hold on, like, let me just get some more off my chest real fast. I'm just going, this is real fast, okay? Okay. What is that song? Okay. I forgot the words. Hey, man, take it, man. Stop playing with them, man. Art, say, she's just showing y'all how these vocals go. You know what I'm saying? Check it out, man. She's only 24 years old, man. What's the highest range you can go in a song? Like, what song do you know that pushes your vocals to the limit? I think Beyoncé's songs always push me. Let me hear it. Okay, let me hear one. Let me see how you can go. She don't want to do it like that. No, you're right. She was trying to do that. Every single time. I'm telling you, stop. No, stop. This is what I'm in here. I got a hell of a co-host, man. Every time, not just you, everybody. It's like she find a way. Now you just sung a beautiful song. No, she did. I mean, two or three songs. But she don't know what she's trying to do. I'll be like, okay, I want to see. Because she's curious. Yes. That's the thing. I want to hear it. Baby, I'm going to let it ride. Yeah. You know, I'll, in fact, she's like, me too. I know. I'm comfortable with you. No, no, no. We good. We good, man. I'm good. Next time I call. There you go. There you go. I'm really so emotional. Still a great job. Yeah, you did a great job, too. I loved it, man. I loved it. This show, look, man, God has a way of stepping in and making it everything it's got and supposed to be. Yeah. I really believe that. You know, like, every time, man, God just sees to amaze me with the people that he put in that seat. I'm being real. I don't even know how to explain it. I mean, we have so many people that have been on this show and sung in that seat from Sir Charles Jones to L.J. Elkles to. It's always a good time. All of the people that's come in here. Terry, Terry. That's just like you. Terry, Terry's from Ty. Well, she's from, she live in Tyler, but she live, well, she, from Texas County. Her voice is unique, too. Yeah, she, yeah, all of them, man. We've had so many people. Smitty Hawkins from down there, where you at. Man, I just love to say, I eat a piece, man. Check it, man. Yeah, check it, man. Smooty. He bit, but Smooty ain't did no freestyle in there. Smooty, you got to come in here and punch in. Yeah, yeah, yeah. But now we love you, man. And we definitely appreciate you for all that, all that you are bringing to the table, man, with your art. And I want you to keep blessing us with your art, art. I will. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah, I will. You text in the building. Stop playing. Yeah. I definitely will. This time, I just feel like, dang, y'all didn't really get to experience, like, y'all only experience one side of me. So, this is that. What other sides of you? No, we ain't gonna do all that. We don't need each side. You don't have to feel bad about it. What is your birthday? March 10th. Yeah, you ain't got no other side. He always sees that. I'm gonna buy these. No, but how many sides, like, for you, how many sides of you you think, what are the other sides? Like, sometimes I'm real happy. I'm real, sometimes I'm real lit. I'm turned. You know what that mean? You bi-polar. Bi-polar. I'm real happy. You know what, I diagnosed with that. I'm serious. I did get diagnosed with that, but I just didn't believe it. No, you don't believe it. I don't believe it. Because it's just, it's actually just, you know, a lot of time, people are putting names on something and giving the power to the devil over their life. Don't do it. I'm, that's it. Don't believe it. That's it. No, no, you good people, man. And if you want to smile, smile. If you want to cry, cry. If you want to bust somebody, what they say in that country song she was saying, put something in the four-wheel drive, you know, I don't know the song like that, but yeah, yeah, check it, man. Dears don't flow anyway. You did a good job, man. You know what I'm saying? You did a great job. Thanks. And I can't wait to see, so when is the music dropping? You got something, are you performing anywhere? Or are you just trying to figure it all out? I'm supposed to be performing this weekend in Houston, like doing like, it's not, it's live, but it'll be recorded. Okay. Yeah, so and then. I can't wait, is it, where can we find it at? It'll be on YouTube. Straight up and down. Right here on YouTube channel? No, it'll be on Shaded's channel. Okay. I'll see what they say if I can just get my portion on mine. And then I'll be doing another live, probably at the end of June. Cool. So then y'all get to actually see me in my element and just flourishing, you know, because I'm like, this is my first couple of times like, back, I'm actually back, you know, after COVID or before COVID, and during COVID, I was kind of like in hibernation, development. And then now I feel like it's really time for me to pop out. Wow. Yeah. So where everybody can find you on social media? Three underscores, officially art. Where? So you'll be all right. So, oh yeah. So you can find me on Instagram at three underscores officially art and Twitter officially art. And yeah, so. That's what's up. Yeah. So, man, we thank you for coming on the show, man. We love your spirit. We wish you so much success. And we definitely will be following you. And we pray that, hey, man, no weapon formed against you. It's your promise. In Jesus' name, amen. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. God is so good. Gotta always say this tonight. Yeah, boy. See, hey, hey, hey. No weapon. No weapon. Remember, I told you that, man. It's been another great segment of Boss Talk 101. And we out.

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Will Bitcoin target $12,000? – 6 October 2020

David talks about the broad rally in Bitcoin in recent months and discusses the possibility of it targeting $12,000. Get the latest daily analysis on key markets such as US 30, UK 100, Germany 30, Japan 225, USD/JPY, EUR/USD, GBP/USD, Brent and West Texas Crude Oil and Gold via our CMC TV playlist. CMC Markets is a global leader in online trading, offering spread betting and contracts for difference (CFDs). Learn how to spread bet and trade CFDs with our trading strategy videos. Trade thousands of financial markets, including forex, indices, cryptocurrencies, commodities, shares and treasuries. Website: http://www.cmcmarkets.com/en-gb/ This video is for general information only and is not intended to provide trading or investment advice or personal recommendations. Any information relating to past performance of an investment does not necessarily guarantee future performance. CMC shall not be responsible for any loss that you incur, either directly or indirectly, arising from any investment based on any information in this video. Please remember spread betting and trading CFDs carries significant risks and may not be suitable for all investors.

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Hello and welcome to the chart of the week video would be David Madden Today's date is Tuesday the 6th of October 2020 and the time has just gone 1738 British summer time And this week's chart of the week is Bitcoin Now first things first, let's take a look at the wider price action We can see here that Bitcoin was in quite decent shape in the middle of February just before the pandemic struck We saw an aggressive sell-off in the cryptocurrency along with you know most other assets And then ever since then it's had a quite a decent bounce back We could see here in the middle of March it traded below four thousand dollars in the middle of August Five months later. I got up to north of 12,000. So it would triple more than triple triple than value In space of about five months and since then we can see that the price action Has been a bit range bound the market has cooled back a little so we've seen the lower low the lower high a lower low a lower high You know that now we've seen the lows of late September are above the lows of early September But you know the highs you've seen in late September have yet to take out the highs of mid-September So we've been a bit range bound recently So where do we go from here? Well, let's not forget that that wider upward the wider trend I still very much to the upside if you take a look at the lows the lows have been getting higher That would suggest that the bias is still to the upside even though we haven't seen a massive move to the upside the lows are getting higher and We can see here that that this yellow line here the 100 a moving average Which comes into play at ten thousand and two hundred two ten thousand two hundred sixty eight We can see that it's actually nicely a support on a few occasions And if we continue to hold above that metric it's lucky that the wider upper trend is going to continue if you press on higher from here We could be looking up heading up towards eleven thousand, you know the next big number up But also we can see this just north of eleven thousand It's just blue line here at the fifth day moving average, which comes to play at eleven thousand one hundred I said eleven thousand one hundred and fourteen and I have seen That area be of importance in the last few months, you know I like to as both as you know as resistance on a few occasions and even after support as well Not too long ago back in the early September and if a metric is acted as Supporter resistance in the past it makes it more likely it'll be of importance in the future although there are no guarantees we can also see at the current level of the of the 50 moving average Eleven thousand one hundred and fourteen is not too far away from the mid-september highs. It's a bit north of it So if you do break above that it will be fairly significant And then if you do go north of that again We could be looking at targeting this area here in around twelve thousand and if we go beyond twelve thousand We could be looking at heading up towards the mid the August highs in around twelve thousand four hundred and seventy seven I keep in mind those those those levels were last seen in in July of last year July twenty ninety So here in the case you know how strong the market was only only save about two months ago Conversely if you do have a decent break to the downside we could see support come into play in around ten thousand You know big psychological number a move below that could take us down towards this zone here the lows of September ninth in around nine thousand eight hundred and fifty down towards that the highs of the twenty third of July in around nine thousand six hundred and seventy eight This entire zone here To be honest anything safe from ten thousand down to nine thousand six hundred and seventy eight Notice how the market gap tire here So a gap was created now one of the myths about gaps is that they're always filled they're not always filled But they are often filled so it is quite possible We could move all the way lower fill that gap and they continue on in the wider upper trend that's been in place now just before we Finish the video. Let's take a quick look at what's going on with a theorem The purpose of that is doll theory one of the tenants of doll theory is that the averages must confirm each other Which essentially say states markets that are that are quite similar should be moving in you know Are likely to moving in the same direction. So take a look at the price action in the theorem We can see here in the middle of middle of March It was north it was below a hundred dollars and a massive rally into September when it got up to well over $400 got got up towards 500 bucks so that a massive rally like Bitcoin It's had a bit of a pullback since then but the wider upward trend is still in play If we do see a break higher in ethereum if we do see a theory and get back above its respective 50-day moving average here this blue line here It'll make it more likely that we could see something similar in Bitcoin, but obviously there are no guarantees Thank you for listening. Have a good training week and good luck

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Hillary Clinton: Syria, Turkey and U.S. policy

Hillary Clinton talks about Syria, Turkey and U.S. policy in the Weiser Diplomacy Center Inaugural Lecture. This event forms part of the series in celebration of the launch of the Weiser Diplomacy Center (WDC), housed in the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy. WDC is a hub for practical training and policy dialogue on diplomacy and foreign affairs. WDC trains students for careers in international service, provides a meeting point for academics and practitioners, and serves as a bridge between U-M and the foreign policy community. WDC engages Professors of Practice and regular visiting practitioners and aims to be one of the country’s leading loci for the study of foreign affairs. To view the full lecture or see the other events, please visit: http://fordschool.umich.edu/video

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So a lot of these issues are incredibly complex, and we're going to get into the details of them in a minute. But when you think about how to translate these kinds of issues for an audience, not this audience, but the domestic audience more broadly, how is it that you think we can go about or you'd like to go about explaining the importance of America's role in the world? For people who may rightly be focused on their own daily lives rather than these more abstract kinds of questions? Well, of course, I'm a believer that what happens in your daily lives will sooner or later be affected by these large questions, and that's why we need to have conversations like the one you're having at the Ford School. Let me just give a quick example of a way of thinking about a problem that's in the news right now and how to handle it differently. The other day, President Trump walked out into the south lawn of the White House and said that he'd just gotten off the phone with President Erdogan of Turkey, and he was withdrawing American troops from Syria. And everyone knew that that meant that the Turks would, as they have, launch a military assault into Syria with the purpose of trying to, in their view, contain and quell the Kurds who have been our allies in the fight against ISIS. This has been brewing a long time. This should not be a surprise that the Turks intended to do that. What is surprising is that the president of the United States basically gave them a green light to do whatever they chose to do. The way this could have been handled is to call a meeting at NATO, Turkey is a member, to get planners into this meeting led by Americans who wanted to support and, frankly, protect our Kurdish allies who have lost around 11,000 fighters in this ongoing battle against the militants and sit down with the Turkish government, their representatives, and say, look, your legitimate complaint is that you fear left unchecked there will be a Kurdish corridor on your border that will support those elements of the Kurds inside Turkey that you are concerned about and that you have a history of having to deal with their demands for autonomy, the terrorism that goes along with them. OK, that's your legitimate concern. We have a concern. These Kurds have been with us. They have fought with Americans. We have supported their efforts. They were the ones who really led the assault on Raqqa. They're the ones who are holding tens of thousands of ISIS prisoners. So let's figure out how we're going to deal with this. And let's make sure that you don't go in and, through air power and ground assaults, murder thousands of Kurds, both fighters and civilians, in your effort to try to prevent terrorism inside your own borders. Let's figure out how we can do this. Let's figure out how we can help you with your problem and how we can protect our allies. There are ways of working on really thorny, what are called wicked problems. But they take thought and deliberation and diplomacy. So yes, we have the common bound of NATO membership. We could have used that. And now we have a situation with all kinds of consequences, both predictable and unintended, that will flow from this military incursion by Turkish troops. I think you're exactly right. This problem of Syria is a wicked problem. It's been around for a long time. You can go back to the British and French drawing the boundaries of the region. But we're tracing it through. The Obama administration had very difficult choices to make in Syria. How much of this do you think the problem in Syria, can you trace the difficulties you had in the Obama administration? What do you think you got right and didn't get right about Syria then? And then again, I'm going to keep striving for that hopeful answer. Is there a path forward in the region that is for Syria and for Syrian refugees and Syrian people that is less brutal than the one they've been living with now for quite a number of years? Well, I can't give you a hopeful answer to that right now, because I think the brutality and the conflict will only intensify. And I fear that it will contribute to a resurgence of ISIS. They were driven from their main headquarters, and they were driven out of Mosul in Iraq. And a certain number of them were captured along with their women and their children. But by no means was that movement or that ideology defeated. So I fear that we're going to see some very difficult times ahead. So going back, look, this is one of the areas where I disagreed with the president, and I made my disagreements known privately while I was serving as Secretary of State. When Syria got started, it was a legitimate uprising by people who were protesting the actions of the Assad regime and some of their overreactions to rather minor protests. But the Assad government came in with a very heavy hand and tried to totally squelch protests. And the people who were in the streets at that time were predominantly business people, students, people who wanted more freedom than they were being permitted. Again, I think Assad, without giving up power or capitulating in any way, could have lessened some of the oppression that people were living under. But he chose a very different approach. And the approach he chose was in line with his father's approach, which is if there is protest, there is demonstration. You have to take the most draconian steps to squash it and send a message to everyone. And they were quickly joined by the Iranians and the Russians to support the Assad regime. And there are lots of reasons for that, one obviously that the Iranians had a longtime relationship with Syria and Assad because they used Syria as a pass through to equip Hezbollah in Lebanon. So they wanted to maintain enough control to be able to continue to support their allies in Lebanon, both internally in the role that they played in Lebanon and then, of course, always with the threat against Israel. The Russians had a long-term relationship with Syria with their sending students to study there back in the Cold War. They had a military base in Syria. So they saw it as an opportunity to buttress the Assad regime but also to get a foothold in the region. I, along with the then Secretary of Defense, Leon Panetta, the then CIA director, Dave Petraeus, recommended to the president that we take some steps through the CIA predominantly to try to send a message to Assad, the Iranians, and the Russians that they would face consequences. They couldn't just expect to slaughter tens of thousands of Syrians, force this huge exodus mostly into Europe, become a client state of Iran and Russia without the United States taking some action. And as you know, the president said the chemical weapons attacks were a red line. And then when it happened, he didn't think he could get support in Congress. And so he didn't proceed. So fast forward, at great human cost, in incredible devastation, the Assad regime, backed by the Iranians and the Russians, has hung on. The only part of Syria that they had not totally conquered was that northern part where the Kurds are and where other Syrians had gathered to try to fight against both Russian forces, particularly Russian air power, Iranian forces on the ground, advising the Syrians and the Syrian military. So at this point, I assume that Turkey has gotten the green light from Assad, the Iranians, and the Russians. So I assume they've de-conflicted the area so that there will not be any mistakes where Russian planes bomb Turkish troops. But you know, it's a complicated war zone. And nobody's quite sure what is going to happen. At this point, it would be very difficult to engineer a diplomatic solution, because the Iranians are not going to give up the gains they've gotten in neither other Russians. I actually negotiated an agreement in June of 2012 with all the parties and brought in the Gulf Arab states, and everybody was around the same table. And we negotiated a transition agreement. The Russian Foreign Secretary Sergey Lavrov was there. He actually agreed to it. We broke for lunch. He left. He went to his embassy. He called. We think Putin came back and disowned the agreement. So we have tried. We've tried to be an honest broker. We've tried to support internal opposition and those who have fled and are now expatriates. But where we are right now, and it's a very dangerous situation, is Assad has become basically a tool of both the Iranian and the Russian interests. And I think you will see increasing pressure on Israel from the Iranian interests. And you will see increasing arrogance and potential further threatening behavior from the Russians. And of course, we've got the Turks on the ground in a military battle. So it's an interesting time because a lot of the Gulf Arabs are so concerned about Iran that they have taken a lot of pressure off of Israel. So Israel and the Gulf Arabs actually have more in common now with their worry about Iran. But now on the doorstep of Israel, you've got an Iran dominated Syria. So this is going to be a difficult period and it requires intense intelligent diplomacy. And right now we have very little of that. And we're going to pay a big price.

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LIVE| Punjab Latest News 24x7 | Bhagwant Mann | Farmers Protest | Rail Roko Andolan | News18

ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ, ਇਲਾਕੇ ਤੇ ਪਿੰਡ ਦੀ ਹਰ ਖ਼ਬਰ 'ਤੇ ਨਜ਼ਰ। ਦੇਖੋ, ਸਿਰਫ਼ News18 Punjab 'ਤੇ। ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਤੇ ਪਿੰਡ ਦਾ ਹਾਲ, ਹਰ ਖ਼ਬਰ ਤੇ ਨਜ਼ਰ | News18 Punjab #railrokoandolan #news18punjab #livenews #farmersprotest #bhagwantmann Find Latest News, Top Headline And breaking news Watch your favorite newspapers News18 Punjab Himachal Haryana websites. For All Live Coverage, Exclusive And Latest News Update, Watch The LIVE TV Of News18 Punjab/Haryana/Himachal, Catch The Latest News LIVE News 18 Punjab/Haryana/Himachal is an exclusive news channel on YouTube which streams news related to Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Nation and the World. Along with the news, the channel also has debates on contemporary topics and shows on special series which are interesting and informative. News18 ਪੰਜਾਬ/हरियाणा/हिमाचल एक क्षेत्रीय न्यूज़ चैनल है जिसपर ਪੰਜਾਬ, हरियाणा, हिमाचल, देश एवं विदेश की खबरें प्रकाशित की जाती हैं | समाचारों क साथ-साथ इस चैनल पर समकालीन विषयों पर वाद-विवाद एवं विशेष सीरीज भी प्रकाशित होती हैं जो की काफी रोचक एवं सूचनापूर्ण हैं | n18oc_live Subscribe to our channel: http://bit.ly/1IMIp73 For Latest news and updates, log on to: https://bit.ly/2Cx91Ok Follow Us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/News18Haryana https://twitter.com/News18Himachal https://twitter.com/News18Punjab Like Us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/News18Haryana/ https://www.facebook.com/News18Himachal/ https://www.facebook.com/News18Punjab

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Taale nu leke vedansabach mod hangama. Congress ne sadantukita walkout prata bhajwane speaker to mangyasi vivaat desh pashtikar. Amadhi Paati ne Punjab chvajaya chon bhigal. CM Maan de cheere te lok sabach chon ladegi aap sansach vi bhagvant maan. Khushal Punjab te badegi shaan da dithana. Aur yatra te nikle kaalidal pradaansu bir badaal. Ghedad baha to Punjab chau yatra di murshruwaath halkya de vakwa kilakya chon guzhar rya kapta. Sadansh Manpreet badaal di sarkari koti te hoya. Swaltta PWD mantri bole koti chon uj saman milya kata. Ta bhajwane tanjpare lehse chke haa. Haale unanukka liya hai minor attack chithiya naaliko. Chandigar nagarnigam chamo samane hoya aapte BJP consular ek dujje naal kiti takamukki vivaat to bada. Marshala malo baar kade gaye pashpa consular. Pargadi bhi adhvi mamlech Ram Rahim nuhai koto rahat trial court chalri sumvai telai roh kram Rahim DCBI chanshti mangwali petition devil bench nukitir af. PM Modi ne kita elan kamiya breha Diya Diya da mishan Divyaashtar tweet kar ke veganya nuh ditivada hai. Sasi kaal news 1855 Briana dekhre sare darshkanda svagata hai meha Vijay Palsingh Braad. Sat talia khabraan lehke darshkanda samane haazaraan shuwaat karde haa CA Citizen Amendment Act yani nagrikta sod kanun to desh te ve chaj nagrikta sod kanun lagu ho gaya ke ndar sarkar ne bhakaida ista notification chari kar dete la. Besme to ek kanun attya hoya si te hon ek damis tha noti kaishan chari kar deta gaya yani hon gaya muslim loka nuh ten deshato jade sharnarthi aene jade gaya muslim ne one afghanistan bangla desh te pakistan ten deshato jade parachake sharnarthi vashe ne aur lamme same to paradevich vashe hoene par unanun nagrikta nahi mili ta ek kanun unanun nagrikta aplai karanda adhikar devega. sikhne, jainne, baudne, isaine aur paasi ne ek 6 communities ne jena nuh iste veche nagrikta mili, nagrikta lande li poultral te jaake apply karna hoega jat niya kujhe sharta ne. ndar sarkar koal firvi nagrikta den da adhikar devega ndar sarkar kole ek adhikar devega ndar sarkar kole ndar sarkar kole ndar adhikar devega. kenderda e faisla hai us paradevich aake sharnarthi vashe praroati jaake nagrikta applying kar sakde ne. usta duja e kab hore sarkar restaurants bhaengage rem stha mein ন olacak সࠤন canal মাຍষি যা�cmচ��� মাຒযাਸখ fla ımızı�া হরড ক� adopন টক, pistol মা�camp� higher পি মা দারট� ঙা Stamp�6 সিটও�start নstrong�্স hyper খলর 두�, মಈা � perceengage�াপা ট্ন���ি axle�ুসি työ�হ ভ Familie�ি হরাদ� Empire ڈेNon ڈे kola ژे ژेKola ڤेOficial Document ژेAin ڈेKola ڈेNg ڈेKola ڈےKola ژेAin ڈेKola ڈेKola ژ ڈेNg ڈे Kola ڈे Kola ڈे Kola ڈे Kola ڈ mustache joan ڈे Kola ڈี่Kola ژ 13 main ڈे Kola ڈے Kola ڈे Kola ڈे Kola ڈbury ڈे Kola ڈ��ng Ndended ڈे Kola ژे Kola ڈे Kola ڈे Kola ڈ aplai karan the bad �ишtak ja heme d tanks dah naut orth特別 nautification s ت sectudgeended nautification false news news aoor � wristlike. �bones bigبح sent biggest ਀ Nautery ਀ ༀ � crap ਀ ਀ র ༀ ౿ ༀ ਀ ��� র ༀ ༀ র ࠈ ༀ ��� ਀ �井 ༀ ��� র વ ব ༓ ઱ run র ব સ ৸ ິ 這 ฌ Poor ব র র র ব . র ব Inside India �master自 s wings র൏ celle রൊéndكampoo � fuerza其 রൊ Course ඼జز¡ user 沒有 22 programs রૢ�存 блund ન girlfriend Facebook ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ माने नी पदार मन्ती जी के निट्ट्ट में सारी चीजों को पूडा की आगया है उसकी एक कडी है, CAA, नागरीक संसोथन भिल, में ग्रह मन्ती जी को भी बड़ाई देना चाहूँगा कि नों जैसे तीन सो सक्तर और पैंतिस एको हटाया था वैसे याज नी की द्रन इच्षा सक्ती ने, CAA के सुचना कुजारी कर दिया इस से उन प्रतालिट भिदेसी आल्प संख्फोगो एक राहत की सास मिलेगी जिन का उत्पीडन बांगला देस अपगानिस्तान पाकिस्तान में किया गया जिन को उत्पीडना के करना उस देसों को चोर कर उनको बागना पडा 2014 के पहले अगर तुसे सब्धो में के हैं के चे साल पहले जो लोग हिन्दूस्तान आए ते और उस रनारती के रुप में रहे थे और उनके कोई प्रुप की दिर्बत अन लैन पोर्टल तेयार बहुत लाजिम देखन साभा ना थर लोग हैं भी देखन लागर हैं देखन लागर हैं पास मैं देखन लोग भगना पहले एक दूल जेगने बीची I am just watching the notification rulls notification біль� holding up Ikagm stare अद notifiedส्रजेंग के नहीं अदी फ�clock of a máquina ुक इसती श़िक पानिक मयभ्धिल आप शुत़ा स्यकत भी रहाना ता हार हँस भाध जाहीर हो गए नहीं कि तब ौए क्योची सिमसिक् direct love Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ silicon k Compassion election election election election election election пло edge optimism dheoyen Prote and I Toronto персонаж isics commercially (?) gettable say funding esfuer prising cakes INTERVIEWER ༷༡ 무대 SPD ਀ abdominal ɇ ixes अदेक वेगाष लिए और आद़ेश ज़ारी यहंs उसका शत प्रतिसत कब आऐन ख représent और ऱद्ट्याption उस्थो तर मेग विसार थीनथ अड如 Lakht आद उकरवोष्याल activating �onents of elections अखॉश्हाड दिय� from those elections तब अस्रत्खार 10.000,000 P.S., 10.000,000 P.S., 5 to 1.5,000 P.D. Kap каждый mlares quan bio fights of all the states that are fighting during this time. They clearly speak only of them with electric bills. The Union for electrical bills is not only for the夠 low price election because those who are only funding foreignوں are planning against paying their votes." जिना ने आम आद्मी पाटी दे गुर्मेल सिंगनू अते कोंगरस्तों दलवीर सिंग गोल ली अते भीजे पी तो केवल सिंग ते लोनू हराके संग्रूर दे आंपी दाईदा पादा उसमालया सीए। सारिया पाटी आं संग्रूर सीएड ते तिगर दे आपने उस दाविदार ते डाल आना चान्दिया ने जेडाउननू एस सीएड जिट के चोली विच पाके देवे पर ए उमिदवार होगेगा कों ए अपने आपिच हजेख तैफ होना बाखी है संग्रूर तो च्रन्जीभ कोशल देनाए गरूर पोओट नूजे तीन पन्चाः संसथ दी दोडविच कों मारेगा बाजी तिगर दी रेषविच कों किस्ते पारी C.M. दे शेर दे विच किस्ती किनी त्यारी C.M. CITY विच चारी ए तिगर दी दाविदारी लोक सब चोना दे विच सब तो होट सीट मनी जारी ए संग्रूर दी सी सीट कहास इस लगी योंकि 2019 यह लोक सब चोना वी चथो मुजुता मुक्मन्त्री पबंड्मान ने जट ठासल किते सी बर पन्जाब दे मुक्मन्त्री बनन तो पहला सीट दे जो दो जीमनी चोना हुया ता खालिगा लम्री सर दे सीब रजीच सी मान ने आम आर्मी पार्टी जो मिद्वार गुर्मेल सींनो राके इतो जे ता सरिकाडी पर तकरीबन भाई मिने अबाड इते एक बार मुड़ चोन भी साथ विचनारी तकरीबन भाई मेंने वाड संग्रूर लोखसवा चोनाडा खाला दोबारा पकना शूरूग हो गया सीमपक वान्तमान ने जगो मुख मत्री पदीस हो चुक्षी उस तो बाड जून दो हैर भाई दे विच्च संग्रूर दे विच भीजेपी तो तिगर दे मस्वूध डावे दाना विच सीन्यर भीजेपी आगु अर्विंद खन्ना दाना आच्चर चाडे विच है अर्विंद खन्ना पेषे तो बिसनस मैंने सोषल अक्टिविस्ट वे जो कंगर देने अर्विंद खन्ना जुडेषा वीज श्वोमनिया काली दल दे नाल अर्विदख नाजुडेषा अनिस्वाट्फाट्फाट्फाट्फाट्फाटफीग विच अक्ँँगर विच शामिल होगे अनिस्वाट्फाटफाट वे तो 2,015 तक 15ME KONGRESWITCH MAKEMILY K şu জodia atacant seiresse বытciu. বতা Treaty রআললনемся�া, শু� Scheishaa期a. তাído�ান cameraman নযিবসগিilot� Johannes বস� 세�গ঱ তষবদ���. তি মা পম� segúnর তা঳া শামഐর নযিহা স�indung�নগ. nauc瑪 NBC grabbing lend to both���inguerer paige kena gile �� guiding credit minister ليสน atte tham μια owser КАனเม आँ अलींद्य क्जाँक्�ưởng बरौँज दश्थ सीच भा� laugh किस lime क�ighr तूबआए लेगेत ढीवख्छो fe �コथ सीथिオक्त neighboring धाबे धा ओँन दाक बाडी ॉव॑� CC अगर BJP अते शुरोमनी अकालेदाल दा गत जोड हो जंदा ता कितना किते लिए समी करने औए स्पूरे संभा वनावादे पिछे बादल सक देने केवल सिंक ति लोग जुन तोजार भाईदे विज भीज भीजे बिजे पी दे विश्षा मिल हो यसन इस बदाही कелей पातर हैं, और कषत तोप फर चंदीगर की जनता बढही भगदाही की पातर है, ट़ने इतनी ब� mechanical मिलेगी, हम वन्च से चंदीगर प्रशाषन को अ अपील करना जात्तें कि हम आपको मैंनिट कर के देअंगे हम आपको free parking मैंन्ज कर के देणगे ڈ scoot ڈ ڈ ڈ ڈ ڈ ڈ Seeing Productions, Market Welfare Associations, companies, bank. Using, we will run it, promote the company, are giving is so many companies men we can generate! We have the direction ofosion on that business and so many brands and apps. One of Line, Single, which is holding that platform is సినెకార్జి రెదినిండినోలోలిస్తోవార్తోనెకెతోలిలోవార్తోన్తార్వర్. ఈనెనండిష్ ఆనువండిండిదిండితోస్న్తోలె.來說 it is not very typical. We choose only one path that we collect all the taxes from the public, looks at only the revenue only that we低 a path ofkład from the public, it, why don't we choose 20-30 other path, and why don't we look at other path. See, the finance committee also says that road tax for thezip the citizens should be given there. One more thing, The RLA department should be a part of the corporation because the RLA registration fees goes directly to the administration. So the administration goes while the vehicles go on the streets of the corporation. Where is the parking? It is parked on the Naganigam parking. So when we make a corporation on the streets, then the carpenters do the corporation. And the repair work is done by the corporation. So when we make a corporation on the streets, then why can't we get a revenue corporation? So I requested the mayor of the house to give a letter to the governor of the house. We will sign it to all the council. So we will meet everyone and ask the governor of the house that the RLA department should be a part of the Naganigam. So we can get help from the revenue that is generated by us. And the work that is stopped by us, because of which we do not get the revenue that we can get from the people who help us. Thank you very much. ॐ ॐ ॐ ॐ ॐ ॐ ॐ జ੍ੂੂੂੂ liberal గావరిల�war కిదనాయంరోగఔరా. గివరి ! సదారదిసిసర్యా゚ocalyptic ! వాలిలానొ నాడిటోటరూ ఉపిటానౌ ! నీ నీłec�డైటి� dishwasher�ివరంటు protests at the campinda agas kar dita gaya tha kejriwal ikwar mrdto pteran sitan te jiton di appeal kar de dikhay te dawa panjab dili hor kam karandabisi khoob kaam chal raya lekin abhi khoob kaam karna baaki hai bohot kaam karna baaki hai panjab ke logon ko ham apna mai baap manteya janata mai baap hoti hai sarkar nokar hoti hai jan tantra ke andar sarkar nokar hoti hai janata malik hoti hai ham panjab ke janata ko apna malik manteya ham sevak hai janata janardan hai, janata bhagwan hai, ham bhagwan ke bhakti hai to jase bhakt apne bhagwan ke paaz jab jaata hai to aur mangata hai, aur mangata hai, aur mangata hai aise hi ham panjab ke janata se ab aur mangana ke liye aeya aapne hame 117 me se bhiit di chna wa raya teran seat hai hame 113 me se bhiit di aamadmi party ne dillich bhi kejliwal de naam de utte hi sansat de bhiit kejliwal da dilli hobe gi hor khoshal da slogand dut hai ek paase, BJP poore dejdevich pradhan mantri modi de chere de utte chon lad rahi hai da duje paase aamadmi party di strategi to bhi saaf hai ki chere da mukabla chere de naal hi hobe ka hala ki aamadmi party da focus stere de chere de utte zaroon nazaranda hai muhalito pankaj kabahi news 18 pancha the CM bhagwantaman de chere no mukh rakhya gaya hai aamadmi party walon kyonke aksar aamadmi party te eljaam lagde ne ke party dilli to chal diya aur dilli di dakhlandaazi boz zyada hai so iss campaign de vichar isha slogand de zarye CM bhagwantaman da chera samne rakhke aamadmi party ne e panjab de loka no sandesh dita hai ya iss sandesh de hindi khoshish kiti hai ke mukh mantri bhagwantaman hi panjab no lead karre ne te ohi karne panjab che jivin jivin chuna nide aar ya ne siyasi bian bhajiaan de vich tal khi baad rahi hai gaar chor te partyyaan di atla badli noo leha ke bhi ek duje te nisha ne sade jarre ne report ne kaibari main ja khardi pres konfrensnu ka aangrati sami channa kaibari a kaliyaani konfrensnu ke zi hor party pakke pata kon kidr noo gaya aam kal perso ka ne teen sedhikar bafsi hoi hai main ka kede kar bafsi hoi hai kani ji kaali da lalekar chwaafsi hoi hai main ka unna kar aangrati bafsi hoi nahi jina jo loka ne kade ne unna kar aangrati bafsi hoi sakde hi jina jo loka ne kade ne aapashti bafsi aangrati kaar lende hai che gmi ne edrno hoi aangrati baat che kende kar bafsi hoi kari jao panjab je ek saajishta hai te ke milipugata hai samjavta nahi geeta par andro kate ne kyonke je congress aam aam party ek duje di load pehendi hai ta ek duje di naali khardi ne aam aam party noo jalandar che candidate di othe congress ne ring kujhi dete aaju fathegaad saab che virala pehre hai ke gp je nu congress ne feh deputation te pehte hai ke aaj load hai aam aam party nu lekshina ja kath ke dhe baat che che te rachetri unde mai saa sugu bir singi je nu pushana ja na baadil saab fahesla karto pehle jedi kar wali apni russi nu pherle aang leg jo pehle fahesla te kar lo ke jes kaarn tosi divorce ta kapam cheo ena na jede kaale kanun modi saab ne pehesh keche si te toadhe taram patni ji saadi pehne har simrat kaur ji kebrir cheo baar aay si ki jo saarhe fehsele msp de legalize hoge ne te sabde vech aaj dhili de siyam arvind kejri waal ne vi biche pete wade alzaam lai unha ke panchaab de veche saadi sirkaad teikan di lagar de aang saanu rangla panchaab nauli teera zero chai ki aar eject kar di roj ab he panchaab ke andar sirkaad giraane kele roj mle ko kabhi kisi mle ko aproach karte sirkaad giraana chate jo panchaab ke logon iss se ladne kele aaj akela bhawantman 24 gante aap kele ladra aaya aap iss ko kele chod doge iss ka saath ne doge aaj agar aap tera zero se enko hara do tera ki tera seate iss ko dedo to ye tera haath banenge bhawantman ke tera haath banke dhili keandar jaake bjp se ladenge pi ja Celebr devam bidansabade viche saapka Khzana kar hija jadu saamwarnu bidansabade kar vai charree sihta hisdharan saapka Khzana Chit wont poha Stание abhaz adhamb deja aath qute muat wo కాదిరసడలవపరంరైనవ Lö elector Kartik ల్రడ్న఼డలోలవతeleration�ర్నను బ�alayర్ను కౌరవెవను బకుట Oil ందమతుటికౄనాంలల౪ి 2018 ! ఋమ్ను కినో ! నికాటార్ల్టరాత౰ోర్ మెందినా్నాన నినినెనురినినుని బారిసినిసితా. До kana subhan encia shaver 🐸 🐸 🐸 🐸 🐸 ≤AA 🐸 டاس एहन मचर नी यहागी सिक त монम ने ूयकऔःी ना पूचतर सठहा away नुऄ मदशरी एट्धे आल搜गughter संची डभ ठाल प्द्संँ बाजावा ने तनज कर दे cass ейчас অন� zajসাএ ไাব আ঵ব অলীব পায সদানব � handful知 মাব ঍লব তি মা তানব নব অলাযাযাযাব মাব ไাযব সদাযব মাযাযাযব মাযাযাযাযাযব মাযাযব যাযাযিযা ষ��� अूना निस्वाल टूएड स्वोंएडгляд जिकर ज़ोगय के साब क्यम क्या ुधम्न्टरी मनप्रींत बादलनो कहाईा याسी ज़�糖 तेश्ट्रान उना लेक्म का सट्एगे né chicken Gain Erpoort N立 ौqshetr di sapna kaloni chkaar ौndar vade chora ne chla nya ौdhyaan pati patininu kita ौzakvi mandartu kārbāpa saunthe ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan hi dekhesi chow. ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan hi dekhesi chow. ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhyaan ौdhya उनर उ पक्वन्त मान दे हतों हार्दा समना करना प्यासी वून, तो होगार चोवी दिया लोग सब चोना विज एक वर पेर, केवल सिंक तिलनो तिकड लेई दावे दावे दावे थोक रहे नहीं इसे लडी विज, तिज्जे कंडेट मने जारेने रन्दीप सिंक दिल, जे दे तिगड दे लेई तावे दावे दावे थोक सग्धेने रन्दीप सिंक दिल, तो होजार भाई देविज मिदान सब चोना लडचुकेने तुरी, तो हो प्वन्त मान दे खिलाफ नहीं चोन लडिसी ते पाजपा दी तिगड ते लडन दाव नानु ईला हा मिल्या, के पार्टी ने उनानु जिलाप्रदान्दा उड़ा देडता 2019 तो लेगे दसम्वर 2000 तेई तक उजिलाप्रदान्दे उड़े ते रेई ते हुन रन्दीप सिंक छ्डिल लूगी एक समाथ अप्षन दे वज्ँं, पार्टी जन्था पार्टी दे खनडेट वजँं पेख्जा जा सेग दैं आलागी तैए पार्टी जन्था पार्टी ने करना है, क्यो अर्विंद खन्ना, केवल सिंक तिलनु, रन्दीप द्योल, इना जो किसे नु तिक्ड दें दिए, जा किसे नवे चेरे ते डाख हेड दिए. पर्मिंदर सिंक तिंसा दिगल करीए, तो ना नु विर से विच्छी स्यासत मिली है, पिता सुगेव सिंक तिंसा पार्टी जे सरप्रस्टने, खुथ पर्मिंदर तिंसा ने यूथा काली दल तो अपनी स्यासत दिष्रोवात किती सी, साल 2002 देविच, सुनाम तो उना ने जिन्नी छोन जितके विदा अनसभादेविच अंटरी किती सी, 2002 तो 2002 स्तारा तक लगा तार तिन वार विदाएक रहेने पर्मिंदर सिंक तिंसा. ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ sangroor to kaalidal de tigad de davidaraan de vech baldev singh maan na navi charcha de vech hai baldev singh maan digal kar hiye tashromani kaalidal de kore committee de membar ne dhe dbha vidansbha seat de naal unada swandre hai siyasad de vech ek senior agu vajon unisho pachasi de vech o burnala sarkar de vech mantra rahesan surjit singh burnala di sarkar vech una khura kade sapplai mekhma sambya si 2012 de vech sangroor to una ne PPP yani PPPs party of punjab di tigad de chon dadi vidayak banan de vech hala ki una kaam rahe kyuki chon hargesan isho baad 2002 de vech ek waro na ne mudh vidansbha chon dadi par ithe vi una no harda samana karna peya sangroor loksbha seat de li shromani kaalidal de tigad de davidaraan de vech tija na gobin singh loongoval da hai gobin singh loongoval unisho pachasi de vech tanola to vidansbha chon jitesan unisho pachasi de vech markfett da chairman una na nupnaya gaya dhak ki unisho stanave vech to nola to ek war mud o chon jitesan de vech khaam rahe te punjab sarkar de vech mantri bane 2002 de vech vidansbha chon una ne mudh jiti te turiton vidansbha di zimni chon 2015 de vech una ne apne naakiti sangroor de vech una no zila yojna board da chairman tha peya gasi 2002 de vech ladda seat to o vidansbha chon hargesan 2011 de vech o shromani gurdwara prabandha committee de member bane athe 2000 staran de vech una no shromani gurdwara prabandha committee da pradaan chonaya gaya e sode te lagata 3 war una di pradaan ki khaam rahe jikar gobin singh loongoval nubhi party mo ka ne dendi ta una to baad ek hor senior akali leader ikbal singh chon da da na e sdor de vech majbu davidar vajjo vidhya jaare ikbal singh chon da shromani akali da de senior leader 2000 sdde vech toori to vidhya ek chonaya gaisan de 2012 vech amargad to una ne vidansbha chon jitthi see party di core committee de member ne ikbal singh chon da e jenal hi sangh root varnala athe maler kotla to observa rvi ne 2002 vech amargad seat to hala ki o chon hargesan de 2002 vech party no jedi shikastha samna karna peya usni kokhla hi banai ki committee de pradaan ki ikbal singh chon da ne kithi e is committee ne 100 staran jo so vidansbha halkya to feedback leya de party pradaan no badlan diya charchawaan ho kharij kar dita tigad de batware de vedhe party kuj hor nama te vi vichar kar sak diya par filhal vek na hoega ke shromani akali dal par mindar singh tinsa baldev singh maan gobin singh longoval athe ikbal singh chon da jo ki seik nu moka dande hai ja fed kisi neve chere te da khidda chon gal aamadmi party di chon stha i n d i alliance tha hissa hai par panjabhich kyun le apne damte loksabadi chon ladri aamadmi party de sariya sita te jitada dawa vi kitajare gal aamadmi party di kariye tha sangroor loksabadi sirtoon sabto jada charcha mukhmandri pagwaan singh maan de college de dosdha athe kalakar karan bhiit anvol dihoriya sangroor to aamadmi party di tigad de davidara mechur gurmej singh meether da na sabto pelle number diya gurmej singh meether karnakar karan gurmej singh meether to ba dujana jada aamadmi party di liste tigad de davidara vajjo shamiil kitajar saakda one karamjit singh anvol karamjit singh anvol pehshe to karamjit singh meether to ba dujana jada aamadmi party di liste tigad de äamadmi karamjit singh anvol aamadmi party di davidara vajjo sangroor to aamadmi party di gundar jit singh mingku javanda danabhi samne aar hai. gundar jit singh aur mingku javanda panjab sarkaar devi chinphotek de pradaan ne. lamme samay do party devi chkaam karene, bator pracharak aur gujrat devi chkaam advi party de li chon pracharak kar ke bhi aisee. esde naal hi, vidyakadare paigur sadh group de share man di zimvawari usaam re ne. de lamme vaktu log sewa de kam devi chur ujje hoi ne. fil hal vekhna hai hai, kaam advi party, gurmeech singh meethear, karam jit singh anumol, de gunindar jit singh mingku javanda chokisek no ticket dendi hai, ja feir kisi nanme chere de dak hiti hai. du log sewa seerthon kaala congress party di kariye, de sabto jada charchama de veche, vijendra singhla iswakta chal re ne. tanun tazdiye ki sangrur to saab ka vida aekathe saab ka member of parliamentar, vijendra singhla congress party de belor hai chuke ne. sangrur log sewa seerth te congress party, sbse aake, sbse alak, kartar kambahin. vejdevich lagu hai aya, CAA ke ndar sarkar ne jari kita notification, pakistan afghanistan te bangla deshto ae gair muslim loka no melegi par dhi nagrikta. CAA da notification lagu hon to ba dilli de sambedanshi lilaakya nde vich dha hi gaisu rakhya. Shaheen baag sanhe, kai ilaakyaan chpari police bul tena. Elektoral bond maamleche, sbi nu supreme court to vada chatka ae, sbi dhi arzi ke thir rad, kal tak janakari den dili ke ae, election commissionu 15 march tak data website te upload karan de aadeesh. Saale nu lakya bida ansab ade vich mo dahunga maa, congress ne sadan chokita, walk out prta bhajvane, speak kr to mangyasi bhivaad de ukti spashti gata. Amadmi party ne panjabde vich vijaya chon bigle, siye maan de chari de ukti lukh sabha chon ladegi amadmi party. Amadmi party ne panjabde vich bhivaad de ukti spashti gata. Khoshhaal panjabde vadegi shaan, dada tanaara. Mora yatra te nikle aakali dal de suba, aakali dal de prdaansu bir singh, baadal gadar bahato panjab dchao yatra di mursharabhaata, halke de bakpa ke ilaakyaan to guzreha kapya. Sadal de vich manprit baadal di sarkari kohti de uthe khoya, sabhaal ta pwd mantri bale, kohti cho ek dining table at das chair kata me liya. Ta bhajba ne tanjipare leze de vich jitai ham dar di, eha hale ona no, kal hi aaya minor attack, sakhti chithiya naale. Chandigarh de vich nagar negamta bada faisla ek mehne de vich vihazar liter mustu milega paani parking bhi hovegi free. Sase kaal soagat hai, gaurab shukla meha tawdenal khazar aakhabranda prime time laike, prime time de vich aajgal sahare. Jya sahara aam tawrthe political partyya wakwak mudhyaan da lendhyaan ne, jdo chona bahut nede. Political party koi bhi hove, lokkaan tak paanch karande li, lokkaan diya boota aapne wale pase karande li, koi baar mudhyaan da, koi isshuz da, koi elana da, koi baadyaan da, koi davyaan da sahara lea janda hai. Aajjasi zikar karange CAA da. CAA khoob charcha de li chikwar fito hain kyuki dejdvich lagu kar data gaya. CAA matlab citizenship amendment act. 2019 diwich iss poore bhilde pe khoob bhawal hunda hoi nazar aaya si, khaiz khaero faas ussame kar data gaya, rastapati to manzuri milgi, nodification jari hoya, diya maujuda samede vich asi clear kari hai ke CAA rules da notification jari kar data gaya. Yani citizenship amendment act rules nu hunda lagu gita gaya. Clear thought de hunda niyam da zidte gaye ne, ki jekar koi citizenship chanda hai, jo Bangladesh to aaya, jo Pakistan to aaya, jo Afghanistan to aaya, to kis tarikena citizenship mileki. Aajjasi zikar isda karange kyuki political party gya, BJP diya virodi ne, unha de ba lo, svaal chu kya jari hai, ki election to thiq pela karke ek trikenal chona de vich lahalan di koshish hai, ki hunda lagu kyon hi gita gaya si, jo bilko loksaba chona de elan to pela gita jari hai, loksaba chona de elan, kisi visame ik do dindvich bhi hunda hoya, to nnazar aasak da hai. Taaj charcha is poore mudev te asi karange, ki aakhir baake hi, BJP de liye sahara banasak da hai, diya duje paase unha loka de liye, jo par de vich naagrikta nahi mili, citizenship nahi mili. Taan ki unha dil hi koi badha faesla hai abaddi rahat da taaj se mn dekhya ja bir, kair jithe jithe alag lag thama de vich de liye loke rende ne, jo citizenship naagrikta di bank karr rahesi, unha ne jashan bhi apane dhrik na manaya. Phun maj gal panjabdi karan sikh paa ichari di karan, baog gainati panjabdi sikh paa ichari di hai. Taan, sikh paa ichari no laike, kong afghanyistan to baaddi gainati ch sikh par de vich hai. నిలిరో dormir meansste the సిక� に devient మిచాధోeker ఆర్ ఆమలొెదిభీ పిలిి఍ర్ మధిటకాలే perspectiveюда�నడిమర్రోతరాpps ఆమల్యతూవాకిండానేచినిల్చినోయ ۟ ۱ ۰ ۵ siguiente ۟ ۀ ۪ lagen ۢ � ۛ ی ە ۟ ۤ ۢ ۱ ۡ ۦ Vielleicht ۚ ۛ ۫ lifestyle changes. ۚ ە ۢ ۛ ۣ ی ۛ ۤ ۛ ۫ ۉ ە ۈ ۜ ۜ Bunagitar tells ۓ ۅ 23,000 and अना नु नाग्रिकता मिलेगी, अन्लगिन जाकि आप्लएकरना होईगा, बस्पाग कम पूडा एक तुसी कैसक द्वों की जारी करदता गयन नोटिकेषन दिज़े गे लिए गी ख़ोग लिए उद्दिविच रूल्स की खेडे नियम ने, जिकर रवबाले गा था अस्दलि cosmos hindu jain b увелич jain nominees en jay India Pakistan ཿ ฌ₂ � trail ຂ ൎ ༂ lola k haven ་ ྲྀ lila ຂesi robusabelak jira full-ёлan ໂ lila ་ ༂ā ummajil lill ་ ་ ໂ lila ༂ lila ຉ െ lila ຋ ໂ lila ༆ lila ຉ lila Lev സസിെൿൂി ധിൂതെ�あり നിനെ ങാൊരു�наേര്.​ നാൃരാൂരധെവൂരാർ majestic Representatives懈 카�thers�െചൂരോെ്ട്ലിെ każdyെീ defic becoming normal people in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Rasia or Bangladesh. നെനിçu�െവിലുെdefense 먹을േരഽൌppa speedingوت haciendo property exceptions. Switzerland ॐ creeping this group guy 베htar清 alas. D main dain buvari na injelyMy ै m solo interest ki si utdil ौ yajnag ॡ m ौ l ौ l ौ l ॉ i e ॉ q u n जो दो मिल जान दी है, ज़े लोग खास तोर ते सी पन्जाभी दे बहार जाके उकते दी सीटीजन शेप या सी ग्रींकार लेना चांदे हैं तो उस दे की पाइदे हूंदे ने पाबको भी समझ देयां तो को जो उस्ते लीके नाली पार्दबीच भी होगेगा, बोगत सरी चीजन जीजन शेप तो बादी मिल दिया ने इस करके चोंदे ने लोग जेडे शरनार थी दे तोर दीवते थे रहे हैं आपा शरवाद कर देया, ते तरुव कर वाने सब तो भी ना तोड़ा आज्दे महमाना दिनाल इस पुडेवते चर्चा डी कोशिष करांगे, सरदनाल चेतन जोषीज जोड़े ने स्तूटी दो वीच माजुद ने भीजेपिनो रीपेशनो रीपेशनो रीपेशनो रीप ये प्लीटिकल स्तूड़ दे तोर दिब ते रोनो नजराज़ अज्दे बी ना ब्याना दे वेच ये सादे ब्रोदीःन दी आस्टेम हालाथदा तुसी उना दी हालत्त्ता नदाजा लगा सक दिए हो, कि उना दे पपिला ब्यान के ने खेंडे के लेक्ष्छं दे वेच तुसी लोग फ्यदा लेना थों दिए, और दूजे बने के दे तुसी ने साल की हो लाते यानी के अपने मान सिक पदर तो ए विचारे पटक चोगे ने एन वेए नी पता की हों ब्यान की देना. आज्दा देन एक बड़ा ही एक नवे युग्दी श्रवात उना लोका मास्ते हो रही है, अना वास्ते एक नवे युग्दी श्रवात होगी है, उनानू आज्द सी आए देदा अर देवते, उनानू वास्ते पोटल खोल रहेने जेस विचो पर नहीं के, उएस मुलक ली नागरिक्ता लेसाग देना. आज्दी क्यो गेने है, उनानू आज्द सी युग्दी श्रवात होगी है, उनानू आज्द सी आए देदा अर देवते, उनानू वास्ते पोटल खोल रहेने जेस विचो पर नहीं के, उएस मुलक ली नागरिक्ता लेसाग देना. आज्दी क्यो गेने है, उनानू जेडे जेडे ते आसक फैस ले ले, चाहे राम मंद्र बनावला सीगा, चाहे तेंसो सतर तोडन वाला सीगा, चाहे मुसलमान पेणानू तेंसो तेंद तलाक दे विचो कड के, एक नावा कनूं ले आंदा, ते आज्द सी ए एडा लगू हूना. आज्द को इज्दना ने सवाल चुक्के नहों कै नहीं, तो सी मुसलम्झनू क्यो नहीं रख्या, प्रताडी तो ते मुसलम्झनू नहीं रख्या, सारे आंवास थे एको जे आहे कनूं. नहीं छे तरम नहीं, बिलको स्पैसिविक चेतन जोशी, अज्द को गले दा मा एमुसलम नामुसलम, गैरुमुसलम क्याना एव्रोदीना दा कामा, पारत दी नाग्रिक्ता, पारत दा एक वासी, सदीजी गल. और दूसी गल ला के, व्रोदीन तान दोख लग्दा प्या, असी पहलो कैर असी के चार्सो दो पार. अवन सानु लाग्दा प्यावा के, पारत दीजन्ता पारती सबा चार्सो या, सार्टे चार्सो दो पार जाएगी. कुकि आज एन औवे पता लगचो के आ, शिरी नरिंदर भाई मोदी ने ज़ा प्यासला लेए, पारत दीजन्ता पारती दी सरकार ने ज़ा प्यासला लेए, उस प्यासले दा जी मैं पंजाएप पड़ते गाल करानते, प्याविया दे वास्ते बी एक बोध वड्या प्यासला क्यों के, तुसी जलंदर देवे चल, उते वी तो कोलनीज आगी है ने, अजी असी अगला सारिया कर देवें, ज़ी आगला अप्गानिस्तान देवेच्यो माइग्रेट होगे, साडे सेख प्राद हैं दुप्रा आए, अजी असी गला करान गे उना लोकान दोख दर दीया, ज़े पाकिस्तान देवेच्य, अस पोटल देवेच्य जो जो जो असने अपने हिंदोसधान देवेच्यो, वीजे ना लाए आए आई होगी ड़ाना क्यो दसना? यासी येस मुलक्र देवेच्यो आए या, या येस ताएए मगगगगे या है, rework switches èmes dhikar men go to thai ju jase ta see-a-dabut ek eisene uth rappad Pradha ishe тебuch na hyi pou-da justi bhu n is�asle seedle vizana toh approaches thain jadha अज्वी दिली दिविच जाके प्लैग्मार्च प्रिस्ट्न। कद्डने पाए, अप पुझन्ते ही ही है, कि अथे गेर मुस्लिम ने, मुस्लिम जो शामल नहीं किता गया उस दे उते द्राज है, चोलो मैं भी प्रीज चोटा जा शीर इते बोलागा, ौर आप चोते जी लाईबोलागा, हुम बफा लिकते रहे वो दगा परते रहे, महरम से मुजरीम करहे है है, इक नुकते के हेर फेर, जो साथा कैना इदाथा नहीं हैगा, ज़ा समझो नवाले जान दे समझो नवाले जान ते थी का जी है जी अपनी काल दे या, ఇఫారపం imaging చిటించ౅టారాన ఇఖరారండеф కెభినిలుసిపరారి papers లారఒవడండిలా. ఇuros�దిర within comment ఇందిరిఎందొత౸ి ఆందిం౦త౧ాసి. 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Mr Vacav Block 5. vijyabhardw music 05 5 05 0 Apply ۅ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ۉ ॐ ॐ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র aghetti shan takni, belleki duniya parcho ke to Dry isha now po congrats point hoat nahinima fir na impact karega election hon point nabbar hoat nano donal hoat enfants na di 스�ります monts con ek mix qua van dovyde fo made Iz план hu par di na gri화를 hui d treats ता विजेंदर सिंगला दा ना एस सीट तो सब तो अगे मने जारे है विजेंदर सिंगला कमpeuter science दे विजेंज़े लिएंग कर के 2002 दे विजच यूत कोंगरेस दे वख़वख हो दें ते रहे 2004 तक उनने जम्यवार्या निभाया जरनल्स कत्र ते मीत प्रदान्दा उदा शामिल्सी 2005 ते विजच उना नुपीडा दा चेर मैं यहनी पंजा बुर्जा विकास उथोर्टी दा चेर मैं था प्या गया 2006 तो 2008 तक यूत कोंगरेस पंजाब दे प्रदान रहे ने विजेंदर सिंगला 2010 तो 2012 दे विजाले यूत कोंगरेस तींजा चोना जथे बंदक चोना दे ली ख्राए जान ता सेरावी उना जे सर सजज़ा है 2009 तो ने लोख सबा चोन लडी अते संग्रूर तो आमपी चूने गय 2014 तो लोख सबा चोना दे विजो ना नू पबवन्त मान दे हतो हार्दा सामना करना प्या 2010 तारा दे विछ उसंग्रूर तो विडाएक चूने गय अते सुबा सरकार दे विछ पीडव्डी मंत्री बनाए गय 2010 तो लोख सबा दे जिमनी चोना विजो ना लडीया पर नरिंदर कोर पर आज तो हार गय फिलहाल पार्टी दे विछ राहुल गान्दी दे नाल उना दी नेड्टा अदे पार्टी दे कोमभी बुलारे दी जिम्मे वारी भी है तो कोंगरे सी टिकर दे दुजे डाविदार ने तुरी तो पबवन्त मान तो उचोन हार गय सं 2002 तो लोख सबा दिया जिमनी चोना विजो ना लडीया पर थे भी सिम्रिन जेज सिंग मान दे हत्फों ना नो हार दा सामना करना प्या जिमनी चोना विज गोल्टी तीजे नमबर दे कि सगगे पिल हाल अ कोंगरे स दे जथे बंदक तांचे विछ ने अजे जिला प्रदान दी जिम्मे भारी साम रेने संग्रुर सीट ते ही कोंगरे स दे तिगर दी तीजी डाविदार महिला आगु रजिंदर कोर पध्धनने जेना दे ना देनार सब तो वडड़ा होडा जुड़दा है पंजाब दी पली महिला मुखमन्तरी हुँड़ा उनिसो चानवे तो अनिसो चानवे तो गोनाने जिम्मे भारी निभाई सी पंजाब डे सीकहामंतरी देबजोए मुझा उनिसो चानवे विच सरकार दे विच आपनी हाइ सबा मादिठ्ञा जोद की उनिसो जानवै विच उनानो पंजाब पर देऊश कुडँरेस कमेती दाई पुरडां जूनागया सी Ǖ göst�CE ɟɬ Creation ɒn if mother ɟi, ɟɬ ɟɥaǯc ɮ Front legislation ɼ. ɶ ɚad ʄragtonden ἱɴp ɴaqu ɛleaowe ʁ Ḿở-ᴾɪn ʛt ʃɪd addqad ɵaɪn ɚa�还有ę. ʒ-ɟh-əm delnz Creative ʄppy ɔm gansx ɮaɪm ʓn-e gentle ɯaɪm ʁf ɕᵓhi ʁeak waiver, ɸnne equipped ʁa ɜar tʂdo tenu dahti ki unasi saal di umar de vichcha kadnake de doher chawid hiya tehariyaan seman ji singh maan de valon dwarafir kiti yaan jaariyaan ne doher bhai de vichcha jodon CM Pagwan Singh maan ne mukh mantri padda oda sambal yasita sangroor de vichcha lok sabha jimni chona huya si jisde vichcha seman ji singh maan jo ki shromani akalidal amre sarto ne jina ne aam admi party de gurmeil singh nu aate congress to dalveer singh goli aate BJP to keval singh te lohanu hara ke sangroor de MP da yada padda usumalaya seat su saariya partyya sangroor seat te tikat de apne us davidar te dalana chandhia ne jada honanu e seat jit ke choli vich pa ke de ve par e umidwar hovega kon e apne aapich hajek tef hona baki hai sangroor to chiranjeev kaushal din aap guru report news 18.5 sansaj di dodvich kon maarega bazi tikat di race vich kon kiste paari cm de share de vich kesti kini chari cm city vich jari e tikat di davidari lok sabha chona de vich sab to hot seat mani jari e sangroor de si seat kha se isli hai kyuki 2019 ya lok sabha chona vich atho mojooda mukhmantri phagvan maan ne jet haasil ke tisi par panjab de mukhmantri banan to pela lok sabha di membership chat diti seat de jodho zimni chona huya da kaaligal amrish sardhe sebranjeev seemaan ne aam aapmi party de umidwar gurmeil seemaan no hara ke e to jet haasil ke tisi par takri ban baim ne baad e to ek baar moda chon bisaat vichhanari takri ban baim ne baad sangroor lok sabha chona da khaada dwara pakna shuru seemaan ne paddi baad joon dohaar baidi vich sangroor lok sabha jeena de vichar shuru mani akaaligal amrish sardhe seemaan nji sing maa ne mpg seat hagi a ode par baaji maari si tan das di saadis khas program de vichar tanu jaankari damange ki hon kedi kedi party de kedi kedi umidwar iswakta jo 2014 lok sabha chona da seat de davedar ho sakde ne sangroor to ticket de davedara vich sab to pela gal party sangroor de vich bjp to ticket de masboot davedara vich senior bjp aagu arvind khanna da na achar chade vich hai arvind khanna beshe to businessman ne social activists vo jo kam kar de ne the siyasi leader bhi ne uniso stanwe vich shuru mani akaaligal de naal arvind khanna judesan uniso athane vich o congress vich shamid hoge uniso athane vich to 2015 tak apna siyasi safarona congress vich makammal khita e soraan ona 2002 dhia vithansbha chona ladiyan je jitiyan 2002 to 2007 o sangroor to vida aek rahi 2004 de vich sangroor to lok sabha chona unane ladiyan par harge unano haran wali san sugev singtin sa 2007 vich arvind khanna siyasi to door hoge 2012 de vich ek war fair o toori to vida aek chune gai 2014 vich vida aek de ode to na stifa de dita je 2015 de vich congress party nu chad dita takri pun sad salada bakpa je haasi jado arvind khanna siyasi to door rahe je 2002 de vich o bjp de vich shamid hoge 2002 de vich unane sangroor to vida aek chona ladiyan te narindar koar par aaj de aethon harge isto pela congress vich ran video all india congress committee de member mi rahe te captain amrindar singh de kafeen nede manne jaande ne hanna te party da nahi kherdi ta duje davedar ne keval singh de lo hum dekhde ya ena de vichon keda bjp aate aakali siyukte de valo davedar honda par jistri ke denal charchama chalriya ne agar bjp aate shonomani aakali daal da gath jod hojan da ta kithana kitheri de samikar ne o ispure sumbha vanavade vich baadal sakde ne keval singh de lo jun 2002 de vich bjp de vich shamid hoge san lamme vakta keval singh de lo kangres de vich rahe panchah pradesh kangres committee de upradan rahe di 2007 to 2017 de vichali par nala to vith aakvi chunege par nala noo zila bnana de vich onadi ahempoom ka rahe 2017 de vich vitha ansabha chona de vich o meet her to harge 2019 loksabha chona vich onna sangroor loksabha seat to apni kismat ajmai par ek se shikast mili 2002 jimni chona vich ek war fair o chon maidaan vich nitre par iswar simran jik maan to harge 2019 de vich onna roop pagwanthe maan de hathom harda samana karna piya si hun 2024 dihan loksabha chona vich ek war fair keval singh de lo tiket lehi davidari thokh rahe ne isse ladi vich tijhe candidate manne jaare ne randeep singh deol jde tiket lehi davidari thokh sakde ne randeep singh deol 2002 de vich vitha ansabha chona lad chukhe ne pagwanthe maan de khilaf onna ne chona ladi si te pajpa di tiket te ladan dav nanu elaha milya ke party ne nanu zilapradanda oda dehta 2019 deleke December 2000 tehi tak o zilapradanda ode tere te hun randeep singh deol nuvi ek smart option de vajjo party janta party de candidate vajjo vikha jaa sakde hala ghi te party janta party ne karna keval singh keval singh deol randeep deol ina chuk hisse nu tiket deende jaa kisse neve jere te dakhet di jekar bjb de shromani akali dal de vichal ek gachod ne hunda da sangroor to shromani akali dal de tiket de davidara vich pehla na parmindar singh tint saada hoviga kyuki shromani akali dal siyukth da akali dal de vichar lewa hojuk hai akali dal de pradan sukhdev singh tint saanu apne pita marhoom srdar prakash singh badal di tha deke party da ajay vich akali dal onane pete pramindar singh tint saanu sangroor to lokswadi lehi umidwar prana na chahiga pramindar singh tint saa di gal kariye to onanu virse vichhe siyasat miliye pita sukhdev singh tint saa party de sarprasth ne khud pramindar tint saa ne yuthakali dal to apne siyasat di shromani shromani shromani shromani sunaan to onane jimni chon yutho dohasar sthana tak lagathar tint baahar vidayek rahene pramindar singh tint sa dohasar sthadevich shromani akaldal pajpadi sarkar vedhe onanu panjab da pwd mantri jatki dohasar parana devich o panjab de khazana mantri panne dohasar sthana devich onane leire gaga to chonadi athe sang target Eie Sude caregivers-leaguta ex- volana Dロί, jekar gobin singh quizun leungu val nvui party m0ka nei Dendi, tala unna to baD , ek hore senior akalibridder ek baal singh chunda da na eiz dochtermul葉ich mjpuhi DaWidar vajicht cmohat ekha ja Roy ik baal singh chunda чтоб XiRome kali ladhe senior leader 2017 reverse to b如此 indi Nvidia ek Chunikaation deep 2012bij Strength amar gator Khalani, dan GaoKar to neividans abacha nan sabaj'un知. Parti d hi called committee de member nahi konNot Ta hit that for me எsliانった executive member de waal singh chunda heizn refugees bipartisit tule మారూకితునింరైంనినుకా, సిసిలానిచించా, వ్వనినిలి, మురూచౌటిపెమురనినుయస్. Sangroor to aamadhvi party dihi tigardhe davidara mitchak. Bejdevich lagohaya CIA ke ndar sarkarne jari kita notification Pakistan, Afghanistan te Bangladesh to aay gair Muslim loka no melegi Faradhi Nagrikta. CIA da notification lagohon to baad dilli de sambedanshi lilaqya ndevich vida hi geysa rakhya. Shaheen Baghsa ne kai ilaqya jhpadi police bul tena. Elektoral bond mamleche SBI du Supreme Court to vada chatka SBI di rzikitir rad kal tak janakari den dili kya. Election Commissionu 15 March tak data website te upload karande aadesh. Tale nul ek di vidaansapadevich mga mga mga Kongvist ne sadanshokita walk out prata bhajvani speaker to mangyasi vivaad de uhthe spashti kar. Aamadhvi party ne panjabdevich vajaya chon bigle. CIA man de chari de uhthe lukh saba chon ladegi aamadhvi party. Aamadhvi party man de vich fagvaant man khusha haul panjabde vadegi shaan. Dada'ta nara. Mora yatra te naikle akali dal de sooba akali dal de pradaanshok beersink baadal gagadar bahato panjab bachao yatra di murcharabad. Halke de bakvaa ke ilaqya to guzreha kapni. Sadal de vich manpreed baadl di sarkari kothi de uthe huya. Savaal ta PWD mantri bale kothi chho ek dining tableate das chair katme liya. Ta baajva ne tanjpare lazhe de vich jdai ham dari hothe. og dhij dai ham dhardi, hier har le anno kaali hi aaya minor attack. Sakhth ech hithya naali. Chandigarhdevi按 nga ngam da baada fais la ek minebebioo 병 CheAm a d学ng Shaira Siasa t behalf Kheiar dh Fre youngest Man T peculiar Ngal ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ aamadmi party develop 13 great తార్ల్నార్చంతె వానినింతింతెం. ఆఏసితారూచింతె ండినిసింన౔ాలులూచింతె. ව අරුතටත෉ර෴ර් කබල Moyni dear深 ොේ තු ල එයවත, sometime he has come here with no starch and he is making a fight about Delhi engine… සත෪නේද් සඹිණි වඪ හසීතේණු වටතූ්යවතා වඪ�acking මණර ඔර්යුසීභරයීක පාාතවයේ්ධ඿ස් heels ico m ico Do I think I'm ready to attack sitzen on Yemen Ter200 exists in Yemen- Do you think our masculinity is the only heater we are, compared to those SCOOT people- that some SCOOT is assuring the worst of the SCOOT country. A Hy�-emi you have called out Your Citizen on behalf of wayTe弥, that she was with ch после her son, as well as being a run of power . ixaa pqjya ka​sp oggi na çere ABC ho​gla​m​ ??听​ ? Juresh Nihan J إنc​ PRAIH​ sa​A​ PAS​n ​a​ bil​ users​ Khen​ údhane​ ka​li​g pavement​ ?​ Ko​ a​me de kē​i​ buffle​ My​ ?​ ?​ ka​lā​m​erm​ ​li own​ ?​ ?​ ? TE​ze district​ ?​ Sar​ sa​ desert in ltab​ man​ ?​ N​ Tur​ n​ behavioural​ ?​த​ ty​ stomi PM​ ?​ mi​ ?​ ?​ ly​'u​a​m​ should​ ?​ s​ a​me​ p 할れ ​ ?​ s​ the​ chandigad to kiran kheer da tagad katte jaan diya chirchama vi sikharaan de uttein. houn aqe baad hiya tha yagli khabar hai electoral bond denal judi hui electoral bond mamalich state bank of indiaan no adalad to bada chad ka lakya. is to pehle SBA di bakeel di baal ho kyaa gyaasi ki bank no jaan kari dhena devich koi dikkat nahi hai par houn anu tee joon takda samadata jaa bhi par adalad ne samadhen to inkar kar dita. state bank of india ke chairman ko vola hai ki tum iska aepidem kar ho ki tum nahi hai aap aaj ka aadesh komplaik kya ki nahi kya abhi hum contempt action nahi le rahe hai lakin agar baad me bhi non-compliance hoa to humko shaid le na padega. is maam niti siyasad bhi garmaiyate kong desne bank diyaan dhalilaan de utte svaal kadikate nahi. hame hiya ki aap sirkar bharti jantapati ki sirkar kahi isko misinterpret na kare kahi koi ordinance ka rasta kare houn da hai. aqe baad hiya tha yagli aajde svaal di aajda svaal electoral bond denal hii judya hoya kyunki supreme court che spole maam niti suma hii hoi hai tha is kar ke svaal is denal judya hoya svaal ki electoral bond scheme kadho lag ho hii deshde vich 4 options toad deshamne hai 2015 option b 2018 2001 2003 sahi javaab kiye thodhi dir de vich program de doran hii toad deshamne rakhane hai. aagli khapar tha rukh karnya deshde saptu bakre dhwarka express ve nu janta deli khol dita gya pradhan mantri modhi ne express ve da udgatan gita khod express ve da jaiza veda. pradhan mantri ne khod belan isse express ve da doran gita ati baad de vich guru gram de vichhi rally di stage tone remote dabaaki express ve lo kar pan gita dhwarka express ve di lembai unati kilometer hai e deshda saptu chota express ve hai. isde nir maan de utti 9000 crore to zada kharch hoi ne. express ve de utti 18.9 kilometer da hissa guru gram jado ki 10.1 kilometer da hissa deli de vich pande hai. 3 kilometer hissa elevated ati sa kriban 4 kilometer underground banaya ke hai. single filler de vich te 8 lendha express ve engineering da ek adbudh kanishmai jo ki afl tower ati burj krifanu biche chad dave ka. ogar guru gram de vich express ve da udgatan karan panche pradhan mantri modi de nishane de vich te indi karjog si. pradhan mantri ne kya ki aaj deshde vich vikaaz di raftar dekh ke virudhyaan dya ninda uriya honya ne. desh ke the to ke the panch gaya par congress ati unati dostan ne chashma nahi baad leya. 10 bar so mein desh itna baad le gaya. lekin congress aur uske dostan ka chashma nahi baad leya. inke chashve ka number abhi bhi bhi hai. all negative. guru gram de vich rally de stage to pradhan mantri bodhi ne siye manohar lalda zikar kar de hoye ek purana kissa bhi sanjagita. aar manohar lalji ke pas ek motor cycle rai thi thi. to wo motor cycle chalate the me pise bahta tha. odar hameer pur de pohran jde vich nasha mukti moheem de tahet kendri mantri anragh thakur bai k rally nu khari chandi dikhaa ke ravana kar dena saran. rally di shirwaad de vich kendri mantri ne sari baikswara nu helmet de te ati phir saryaan dinal ispudi rally de vich kendri mantri ne bhi bai k chalai. nashe to mukta surakkhya to yukta moheem de tahet srally nu kade a gaya jis de vich bodhi kentich lu ka ne hisa liya. nasha mukta surakkhya yukta ye abhyaan chalaya hain hivaon ko prena dena ki nashaon se door rahein swasth rahein keel kud me bhaag lein keel mahakum brush kele chalata hain to doosri wa saraj durgatna se bachein speed jaadha na ho. rally town pradi to shiru hoi si te pohran jde vich khatam hoi jis to baad kendri mantri anragh thakur ne pohran jde vich paati office da udgatna bighita. agli khapardaruk kar de vich inelo de subapradan na facing rathi de charo shootera da ek cctb samne aaya kisi restaurant hotel de vich bathe hoi nazara hain. e video ek marchde hain charo shooter atul ashish nakul athe sarab goa deek hotel de vich bathe nazara onti ne. video de vich shooter atul athe nakul hotel de counter de samne khade dikh rahe ne jadu ki ashisha de gaurab biche sofa de bathe ne. char marchnu police ne dooshooter ashishathe sarab no griftar kar liya asi. police hoon bhi dooshooter atul athe nakul deepa al de vich lagi hoi hai. police ne parar shootera ne uthe ek lakrupa da inam bhi elane hai daazie ke na char shootera ne bachi farbri nu bahadrukad dek goa nea marke kharyanach inelo de pradan na facing rathi da kattl kar dita asi. aakde bathe han te hon gal hovege dera mokhi rambrehim di. par gadi bed bhi mamle de vich rambrehim no khaykot to athe high court ne trial court devich chal rahi sunvahidhi uthe ruk lagad diti daazie ke mamla frith court di adalad devich chal raha asi hala ke isde naal hi rambrehim di seebay jaanj di mangwali petitionu high court ne double bench nu refer kar dita. hon espure mamle ch high court di double bench che tek karegi kes mamledi jaanj seebay nu sompi jave jaanj nahi. hon ake bathe aagli khabara moga to moga de manad devich pen du mazdoor union ne prdarshan karediya hoya fir ospure to ludhiyana jaa rahi pen nu rukya athe zabar daasda honga ma ho kya te moga te paanchi polis ne trenanu rukan wale prdarshan kareya nu rail track to khade dita railway police ford se devalu itlaam milanthi hi panjaa polis ne moga te paanchi prdarshan kareya nu pehla nta sumjaya par jado nahi mane tad track to dood kare dita gya daasdhiye ki kisi bhi treni keda prdarshan karendhili pehla prshasan nu itlaa deke ijazat layi jandi hai par union ne jeha nahi gita siita polis ne sakti gati prdarshan di aardhdi veche railaate basan rukke jado aamloka nu prdarshan gita jaa bhi phit system nu phark tapenda hai panjabdhi veche lagatar lagde tarnya ne bhi lokan diya dikta nu vadaaya hai aar isdi bhaja dinal khajal khwaar lo kholde ne aagli khapra uttar prdeshto yuppi de gorakhpur to hit and run di ik dil dahela din wali video sumjaya hi tehal rahe ten naajvananu ikthez rathar bekabu karene takkar mardati fir ussi speeddhi vech kare driver gadhi paja ke legya ittakkar ini zor dhaar si kitin nao naajvan khava deve chode athe fir zameen deyuthe deke kai foot door taka ke sadde gaye ek naajvan takkar to baad kareeb vee foot doog jaa ke degya haatsich do naajvana di mahkete hi moth hoge jatke tijeri khalat bhihad naazok hai katnaan gorakh naadde ram nagar chog diya kaar chalak faraar hai jizdi paal devech police cctv footage khangal rahi hai sadakta bilkul khali nazarar hi hai bhajude jizdi jizdi tarikinale purakat nakram bhaapreya kai svaal khade karde svaale bhi hai ki jo drive kar reha sikar nao jo chalak si ki jo nashichta nahi si khair ek hor haatsidi tasfeer te khabar samde hai rewadi to rewadi devech tez raftar se u bhi ne sadak kinaare kade shardalo nao takkar maar lo athe age jaa keke ped dinal takkar ake kaar khadde devech dege gaye takkar ini zor dhaar si ki chhe lukande mahkete hi jina devech chaar mahilama shamilne uthi chhe hor loka zakhmi hoye ne aur inova me jo svaari jo niche khari thi usme se chaar aur ki at the sport idar dhanak moto bhi ek jo inova ka driver tha vijay woa expire hoega aur in xv me svaar jo ek ladka woa bhi usme expire hoega derasal ghazia bhaade rehan wali loak inova kaar devech svaar hoke shrikha to sham bhaade darshankaran ghayi san jdo vapas patrehe si to na di gadi da tire puncher hogea jdo driver tire badalreha si tha mehila maa gadi to hitha uthar ke sadaq de kinaare khadiyaan san usme bekhabu aise vene unanu takkar mardhati udar polerisak kaanu nikaar vayi kar rahi pharakta pehende de bhi chu vila hoche lag boh chodye brik da brik to baad jdo vapas samaange to to na dikhamaange ki kime ik naajbaanu sadaq de upte tractor de naal stunt karna mehga peh gaya stunt wali tasviraan bhi brik to baad watabaran ati aabohavich badlaa de vare onna dihi ruchi hai gurmeet singh meethere to baad dujana jda aamaadmi paati de liste vich tigar de davidar vaju shaamil ki ta jaasik da hai onne karamjit singh karamjit sito ka lazar gaya de bhi chakni sargarmi vakari hai do dhar jande greep filma vichu kam kar chuke ne jena ch hindi angresiya de panjabi filma shaamil ne kaalas de dinak umukma dej zm pagon onna ne chon prachar bhi andaz vich kitasin karamjit singh anmol bhi aamaadmi paati de tigar de davidar ho sakde ne hala ke sangroor to aamaadmi paati de tijhe davidar de vaju gunindarjit singh mingko javanda dana bhi samne hai gunindarjit singh aur mingko javanda panjab sarkar de vich infotech de pradaan ne lamme same do paati de vich kam karrene bator pracharak o gujrat de vich aamaadmi paati de li chon pracharkarkar ke bhi hai si ise nahi vidyakadare paigur sadh grup de share man di zimewari usamre de lamme vaktu lok sewa de kam de vichur ujje hoi ne philhal vekhna hai kya aamaadmi paati gunindarjit singh mingko javanda karamjit singh anmol de gunindarjit singh mingko javanda chokisek no tigar dendi hai jaapher kisi nemei chere de dakshed bhi o loksova seerto gala congress paati de kariye ta sabto jada charchama de vich vijendra singhla iswakta chal rahe ne saab ka vada ekate saab ka membro parlementar vijendra singhla congress paati de bol rahe chukke ne sangroor lok sewa seerte congress de tigar de davidana de gala kariye ta vijendra singhla da na is seerto sabto agam ne jaar hai vijendra singhla computer science de vich engineering karke 2002 de vich youth congress de vakho vakho de hain te rahe 2004 ta kona ne zimewariya ne bahia jenevi journals katarate meet pradanda o da shamil si 2005 de vich onanu pida da chairman yani panjab urja vikaas authority da chairman tha pe a gaya 2006 to 2008 youth congress panjab de pradana rahe ne vijendra singhla 2010 to 2012 de vich aale youth congress tiyan chona jathhe bandak chona de li kraye jaan da seerabhi onan je sir sajdae 2009 de vichona ne lok sewa chon ladhi athe sangroor to mp chone gay halagi 2014 de vich lok sewa chona de vich onanu pagwant maan de hatho har da samna karna peya 2010 staran de vich o sangroor to vidae chone gay athe supa sarkar de vich pwd mantri banay gaya 2002 de vicha onanu panjab chona ne ladhiya pan narindar kora pras to har gay onanu congress de tiyan de davidara de vich pelle nm chone gaya sangroor to congress de tiyan de duje davidara ne albir singholt 2002 vidae manesan 2002 de vich to rito pagwant maan to o chone har gay san 2002 chud lok sewa diya zimni chona vio naan ladhiya par ithevi simran jit singh maan de hatho nanu har da samna karna peya zimni chona vich goldi tijan nm prde khi sang gay phil hal o congress de jathhe bandak tanche vich ne athe zilapradhaan de zimmewari saam rei ne sangroor sit te hi congress de tiyan de tiyan de davidara mahila agu rajindar kora pathal ne jena de naadinaar sab to vada oda jhoda hai panjab de pelle mahila mukhmantri honda 1986 to 1987 takona ne zimmewari nebaisi panjab de sikhya mantri de vajon ona 1984 vich sarkar de vich apniya sewa maaditiya jadki 1987 vich onanu panjab prde desh congress committee daa prdaan chuneya gaasi 1987 vich 1988 donan o vidansabha de vich virode tirdi aguvi rahe halagi 2003 de vich captain abrindar singh de khilaf apne virode nu jag zahir karan de li o surkhyaan de vich athe virode sikhar te janda huya bhi nazaraya 2004 to 2007 de vich onanu supe daa upmukhmantri thapya gaya de 195 me to lagataar uppanjwar lehra to vidan chuneya gaay prithe bhikna hai ke congress vijayendra singhla dalbir singh goldi yar jindar ko ar patthal te apna daaj mandi hai jafe rena tinaanu chadke kise nave cherinu mo ka din di hai desh puri ladi de vich mojuda san sa di gal kariye ta sangroor to mojuda membro parliament ne simran jit singh man unasisa na dhi umar vich jo ekwar mud sangroor to chon me danavich nitar sakde ne simran jit singh man huan tak tina baar membro parliament dao da saam chukhe ne ekwar tarantaran seat athe dowar sangroor seat to na ne jit hasil ke di simran jit singh man nu panjab di siyasade vichu khalistan pakhi man hai janda hai athe shromani akali da lambrisar di pradangivi onan de kole hai sangroor de mojuda membro parliament simran jit singh man dowar afir chona ladan di tari kariye ne tanudasde ki unasisa na dhi umar de vichu katna goher chon kar bhai de vichar jodon c m pagwan singh man ne mukh mantri padda oda saam ba lea seat athe sangroor de vich jo lok sabha jimni chona honya si jis de vichar simran jit singh man jo ki shromani akali da al ambrisar to ne jina ne aam admi party de gurmeil singh nu athe congress to dalveer singh goli athe bjp to keval singh te lo nu hara ke sangroor de mp da yada padha usumalaya seat so saariya partyya sangroor seat te ticket de apne usdavidar te dalana chandhiya ne jada onan nu ae seat jit ke choli vich ba ke de ve par e umidwar hovega kon e apne aapich hajeg taif hona baki hai sangroor to chiran jit kaushal de naal guru report news 18 pancha sansaj di dod vich kon marega baazhi ticket di race vich kon kis te pari c m de share de vich kis di kini tyari c m city vich jariye ticket de davidari loksabha chona de vich sabto hot seat mani jariye sangroor de seat e seat khase isliye kyuki 2019 diya loksabha chona vich atho majuta mukhmantri pagvant manne jit hasil ke thisi par panjab de mukhmantri banan to pela onan loksabha di membership chat dithi seat de jodho zimni chona honya ta kaaligal amrisar de simranjeet si manne aam apni party de umidwar gurmeet singu hara ke etho jit hasil ke thisi par takriban baayi manne baad ethe ek baar modar shon bhisat vichhanari takriban baayi manne baad sangroor loksabha chona da khada dewara pakna shuru ho gaya hai c m pagvant manne jodho mukhmantri paddis hon chukisi usto baad jun 2019 diya vich sangroor loksabha seer diya dewara jimni chona honya si jina de vich shoromni aakaligal amrisar teon simranjeet sing manne MPG seat hai gaya ode par baaji marisi teon das diye sadis khas program de vich teon ut jankari damange ki hon kedi kedi party de kedi kedi amidwar iswakta jodho 2014 loksabha chona de seer de davedar ho sakde ne sangroor to ticket de davedara vich sabto palagal party janta party de davedara vich sangroor de vich bjp to ticket de masboot davedara vich senior bjp aagu arvind khanna da na charcha de vich hai arvind khanna beshe to business manne social activists va jo kankar de ne te siyasi leader bhi ne unisho stanve vich shoromani aakaligal de naal arvind khanna jodhe san unisho aakaligal vich o kongresvich shamid hoge unisho aakaligal vich to 2015 apna siyasi safarona kongresvich mukambal kitta he soran hona 2002 dea vich ansabha chona dea se jitya 2002 to 2007 ho sangroor to vidara ek rahi 2004 dea vich sangroor to loksbha chona vana ne ladhya barhaar gaye onan ho haran walesan sukdev singtin sa 2007 dea vich arvind khanna siyasi to door hoge 2012 dea vich ek war fair ho toori to vidara ek chune gaye 2014 dea vich vidara ek deo de to na stifa dea dita 2015 dea vich kongresv party no chad dita takribun sad salada bakpa jehasi jodho arvind khanna siyasi to door rahe de 2002 dea vich ho BJP de visha mil ho gaye 2002 dea vich onan he sangroor vidara ansabha chona ladhi se narindar kora par aajde hath ho harge isto pehna kongresv vich ran video alindya kongres committee de member mi rahe se captain amrindar singh de kafeen ne de manne jaan de ne hanna te party da nahi kheddi ta duje davidara nahi keval singtin lo onan dea vich onan dea vich to keda BJP aate aakali dal siyokte de valo davidara hon par jistri ke chalde BJ aakali dal da gath jodho janda ta kedna keda iri de sami karne o ispure sambhavna vade vich baadal sagde ne keval singtin lo June 2002 dea vich BJP de visha mil ho isan lamme vakta keval singtin lo kongres de vich rahe panjha pradesh kongres committee de upradan rahe thi 2007 to 2017 dea vich hali par nala to vidha ek vich unhe gaye par nala no zila banana de vich onan de aahem poom ka rahe 2007 dea vich vidha ansabha chona de vich o meet her to har gaye 2019 dea loksabha chona vich onan sangroor loksabha seat to apni kismat ajmai par ek se shikast mili 2002 dea zimni chona vich ek war fair o chon maidan vich nitre par iswar simran jik man to har gaye 2019 dea vich onan upagvant man de hatho har da samna karna byaasi hun 2024 dea loksabha chona vich ek war fair keval singt ilon tikad lehi davidari thokh rahe ne ek se ladi vich tijye candidate manne jaarene randip singt diol jde tikad de lehi davidari thokh sakde ne randip singt diol 2002 dea vich vidha ansabha chona lad chukhe ne to ri to opagvant manne khilaf onan ne chon ladi seat te pajpa di tikad te ladan dao nanu el aahem milia ke party ne honanu zila pradanda oda dea tha 2019 dea ke december 2000 tei tak o zila pradanda ode te rei te hun randip singt diol nuvi ek smart option de vajon party janta party de candidate vajon vikha jaa sakdea halag yeh da party janta party ne karna hai kyo arvind khanna keval singt ilon randip diol ina chuk isse nu tikad de ne dea jaa kisse neme jere te daa khet dea jekar bjbye de shromani akali dal de vichal ek gachod ne hunda ta sangroor to shromani akali dal de tikad de davidara vich pehla parmindar singt teansata hovi gha kyo gis shromani akali dal siyukta daa kali dal de vichal lewa ho juk hai akali dal de pradanda sukhbeer singh badal ne sukhdev singh teansanu apne pita marhoom srdhaar prakash singh badal di thaa de ke party daa sarparas pia lana ajay vich akali dal unade pehte parmindar singh teansanu sangroor to loksvadi lehi umidwar prana chahi gha parmindar singh teansadi gal kariye ta unanu virse vichis yasat miliye pita sukhdev singh teansa party je sarparas ne khut parmindar teansa ne yuthakali dal to apne siyasat di shroaad ke thi si saal 2000 de vich sunaam to ona ne zimni chon jit ke vidha ansabade vich entry ke thi si 2002 to 2000 staran tak lagatar tenwar vidha ek rahe ne parmindar singh teansa 2017 de vich shromani akali dal pajpadi srkar vedhe unanu panjab daa pwd mantri bnaya gha jit ke 2012 de vich o panjab de khaza na mantri bnaya 2000 staran de vich suna ne lehra gaga to chon radhi athe vidha ek chun ne gha ona rajindar kor pathanu haraya 2019 de vich vidha ansabade vich akali dal de vidha ek dal de agudi unanu zimmiwari dit te gha isi sangroor to agar apa gala shromani akali dal di kariye ta vinar ji singh gol di charchaama daa hisa bane hene nide ki doher bhai de vich vidha ansabade chonato midwarshi te maujudda party de spokespersnavi ne te duje pasini agar apa gala kariye saab ka vidha ek baldev singh maan jde hage ne o iswakta charchaama daa hisa bane hene kitna kide unanu vidhe de hage ne loka shromani akali dal to sit daa davidhar mandre ne te tijidi agar apa gala kariye ta agpc de saab ka vidha ek govind singh longovar bhi charchaama daa hisa bane hene sangroor to akali dal de tigar de davidhara de vich baldev singh maan naa vid charchaama de vich baldev singh maan jde gal kariye ta shromani akali dal de core committee de membar ne dhe dhaba vidha ansab a seat de naal unan daa saab mandre hae siyasad de vich ek senior agu vajon uniswap chasi de vich o barnala sarkar de vich mantri rahe san surjeet singh barnala di sarkar vidj unan khuraa kade saplai mekhma sambyasi 2012 de vich sangroor to unan ne ppp yani people's party of panjab di tigar te chon radhi vidha ek barnana de vich hala ki unan kaam rahe kyuki chon haar gai san pharaktapende de vich ek par fitto tada swagat hae gaurav shukla meha tawde naal hon khabar khusyaar pur to khusyaar pur de mukh bazar de vich tractor de vich te stunt de dikhona te fesh social media de vich zdi real banakhe banan ek naaj van de li mega sabith hoya musibad di bhaja us de li te us de priwaar de li e stunt zoroor mande ati tafseesh karde hoi polis naaj van de pita tak bhi paanch ghi jist to baach lan kade hoi unan wo apne beti no aghe to ajihaan nahi karde isam jaun de li ki haa gia e di apne jaan vi khatre besi ghi te kise hor di jaan vi khatre besi ghi publik di e jaan te apne jaan gavanda te jaan kisi ornup tha lele ke marda eis kar keda apna nida chanaan kitta ke gaan vaasthe apne bachinu sum jauna apne bachinu sum jauna pi paa jindagi aji hai kaamani karna drasal tractor de vich stunt karde naaj van de video samani aya si jist de vich ho do pahia tractor no chokke te eis rafta ardinaal stunt karde di kresan polisne jan tak thama deute stunt baazi karan de li aghe karbai karde hoe tractor no bond bi karde tha aakare je dinal ho di koi apne jaan khatre besi ghi jaan kisi ordi kaamani khatre besi ghi eis karge tha lele tractor ein waasi bandh kare hain fokshan di rakhu tractor na rakhna aji tractor rakhna gajin si tractor apne ko rakhna gajin si rakhna gajin kable gorya kri tractor ya kisi vi bahan deute stunt karna aji hee che show off karde hoe stunt baazi karde nojwaan apne naal dujyaan di zindgi delevi khatra sabit hos kde ne khear jado na khud di jaan di te nahi hor lokand di jaan di pravagati jaave te niki umre istrike na stunt baazi sarak deute nojwaan karde na zara be fir phark ta penda hain khear phark hoon is karge bi payga kyuki chalan ta mota par na pehna odarkaputla polisne pand hosain pur boole dewee kisan de katal di guthi nu sul jaan da dawa gita apne maamle andevi chik mahelai ke nabalaksani che lukhanu griftar gita ghe dasya jaare ke na sarya ne saazi charajke planned trike dinal kisan nu moudi kato taria si planned murder jeda siga saata banne avalo kita gaya siga te odu de chosi che banne anu griftar karne ek banne ebskole nege elzame ki maheladinal kisan bulbir singh de njai samansan jis di jaan kari usde patinu la ke hi ate feir usne apne nabalak betiya te ten rishta de na dinal kato di saazi charajke doshi hai ebevech lakwinder singh odi jini wife aegi hai oda illicit relationship siga maranwale de naal jeda naam hai bulbir singh uf bira to na apne sochi samji saazi charajke te isha kata naan van jaab dita atya buzor budi hathya kar dita bilhal police sare mulzma da remand hasil karke onatu pojge charajke odi zirekh par di baltana de veche tent house de veche kam karne wale ik mulazam ne godam de veche agle gaad de elzam lagaya jaar hai ki agle gaon wale mulazbani bar da to anchaam din to pe na bakaida isdi video banai ate feir usne tent house de malikno pehiz dita par jodotak malak maakki de usi paun chiya os blita ke ifarar ko chke san lewa hamaare paad lever ka kaam karta hai usne agle gaad de hi hai kya naam hai ji usne naam vikas naam hai ji usne video bhi share kari hai agle gaad de hi kita time se kaam karta hai sir hamaare paas nahi ek jeidh doona kaam si hai das se ajar hai ki malazam the manager de naal celery nule ke chagda ho gaya si jist to baad manager ne usi tankhar rog diti ate nokri to kar dita jist to gusse vi chai malazam ne godam no hi agle gaad diti phil hal tent house de malik ne mulzam de khilaf ho police de veche shikaya to darjik kar baad diti hai onake baad de agli khabar to pe naan se do karange aajde saval da aajda saval electoral bond de naal jodaya hai supreme court de veche dita saval ki electoral bonds scheme kad hon lag ho huli? de!!!!! devechi electoral scheme kad hon electrical bond scheme kad cubon criminals 4 options tro dónde di kad de । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । । ڈ PROFIT ژ·ΔΡΗHΤΑΤΛΑΜΔUA 3 ڈΔΔΏΙΑ ژΕ΢ΜιΜΤΰΘΡΔ�doΛΗΉ22واβό NCAA Xenaour Khera neither D तलगतर हाथ से चहन्तन बदा रहनेग, हाच्तोनी जिस तरीकनर रफातार रोग डिवते नतजरान्दिया अथर हो शार्पण दे महला वेस्ट रिक्लेप दे विचे तेंद हो स्विप अचाछ देचन पहल गय, इक सीசी तिब भी विखे शमने या! CcTV chhe saaf tha orte ek tendua, ek kar de kolha ke rukh da dihthe, ati fe tehaal da khoya aghe nikele gaya. Video samne on to baad, ilak ka wasi par shasan to tendua enu chhald ka bukrandi man karene. Haaf yore ki apila ki loka re safety deshe kya orte ne, jundi nge jundi nge rescue kar ke. Onu vapas jangla nge shaddeya lage, kyunke mosam hoon khol gaya, bache aam beli nge chhe khe de re ne. Onu man naidhan da aam beli nge dada 11a 11a mena kale de loka gale de chhe skayarkar de ne. Lokkanda kaya na ki gale de vich bzorg bache de re na tha kseharkar de ne. Ajhe he chhe tendua jze nzaraon to baad na nikele na riski hoge. Naal hi alidwale de lokaan, lovi saaf daan dhe apila ki te chha rahi hai. Akhani Frika to kuno National Park liya ndi gayi mada cheeta gamini ne, paan jis shabgaan ho jarm de tha. Jis ji jankari kendri Man Mantri Bhupendra Yadav ne social media platform XDev te post karke deti. Ate likya, gamini di virasat age badhi usde pyare shavgaan the intro. Dejdi tarthi Dev te chautha te dakhani Frika to liya nda gaya cheeta da pala kun be. Kuno rashde uddaan de veche shavgaan saane cheeta na khol gnaati hoon shabbi ho gaya. Jis jivich 13 cheeta de 13 shavgaan ne. Kaabile Gaurai ki 7th Istambar 2022 no 8 neme bhi hai cheeta na, Fervri 2023 de veche 12 cheeta na, dakhani Frika to liya nda kuno National Park de veche cheeta da gaya. Ude UP de Lakhimpur Khiri de veche, Ma Raj Rajeshwari Durga Mandir de Pajari ne apne jeeb katla hi. Ate Mata de Charana de veche cheata de. Jis to baad koon de na latpad Mahanta othe de gaya. E deke Mandir de veche ae Shardalu ekata ho gaya. Ate Hafra Dapri de veche Mahanta de paribar baalean de naal, Onan ho khospata ala poche gaya. Jithe Pajari di gambi halat no dek de hoe, ono lakhna hoon reffegita ge. Jis to jare ke Mahanta ne, Mata to koi mannat manghi hoi si, Jis to poora karan de lehi, Ho Pakti de veche lean ho ke apne jeeb hi, Mata de Charana de veche chara rahe san. Phila hal poore maamle nuleke polis jaanj ka rahi hai. Par jo do Mandir da Pajari hi, Andh Vishwas no Pakti da naam de ke jeeb katla ve. Onan kya pa de naate aegli khabar to palan ruk karan ge, Ajde svaal da te svaal da, Jawab do ad naal san ja karan da, Sama aad hi hai. Palan svaal to ddv screen dee, Si svaal poche hai, Electoral Bond no leke. Electoral Bond no leke, Kyuki Supreme Court dee, Jis pole mudir te sanwai ho rahi hai. Electoral Bond dee, Zari hai jo chanda, Political Party kaan de kool paan chee hai. Is kar kya si svaale poche hai. Electoral Bond scheme dee, Kad ho sharbaat hoi si, Si scheme to do lagu hoi. Chara options to desamne ne, Hoon sahi jawab kya hoon tanda sange. Sahi jawab hai, Option B, 2018. Ye electoral bond scheme, 2020 staran de budget de bich, Hoosame de Khazana Mantri, Arun Jaitley ne pesh ke tisi. 2018 hoon ke ndar, Sarkar ne iss me notify kar dita. E ek tananda, Promissory note hoon da hai, Isht nu bank note bhi kende ne, Isht nu koi bhi party nagri kya Company kharil sati hai. Baad de bich, Yojnanu 2020 staran de bich, Chunahti, 2018 staran de bich, Chunahti de bich, Par Sunvai 2019 de bich, Ishti shuru. Aur ake baad de na, Reok karange, Itihaaz da. 11 march da itihaaz kyu kuch kende, Zikaruz da. 11 march da itihaaz jode hai, Japaan de naal, Japaan de bich hai, Suname de naal. Jaya Japaan de bich, 11 march 2011 hoon, Zabarda supuchal aaya, Ati ishtu baad samudar de bich, Okhia, Suname de ya laera ne, Khub Japaan de bich, Tabahi machaisee. Japaan de bich, To huku, Bichur samudar de reaktor pe mainite, No, Darja ehararada da, Thibar tada puchal aaya si, 15,000 to, Zadan lokande, Maad de naal hi, Othe, Bidhi, Baad bidi, So kya say, Industry si, Ya pe, Building si, Onada nuksaan hoya si, I Japaan de tichaz da, Hoon tak da, Satu, Shakti shali puchal. Par ake ta, Penda de bich, Vela ho chile hai, Tohti, Ijazat land da, Tohti, Jankari zheruri hai, Tohti, Jankari hoon te naal bhi, Fark ta, Penda hai, Pile halde li, Me nu Ijazat de ho, Tanda hai. Ide bich, Ek waro naan, Mood bhi da, Ansabha chon radhi, Par e the bhi, Onana nu, Haar da, Samana karna peya. Sangroor lok sabha, Seed de li, Shromaniya kali dal de, Ticket de, Davedana de bich, Tija na, Gobin Singh Longowal da hai, Gobin Singh Longowal, Uniswap Chassi de bich, Mark Fett da Chairman, Onana nu bnaya gaya, Dhakti, Uniswastana bhi bich, To nola to ek war, Mood, O chon jeetan de bich, Khaamyaab rahe, De panjab, Sarkar de bich, Mantri bane, 2002 de bich, Vidansabha chon, Onana ne mudjiti, Te turiton, Vidansabha di, Zimni chon, 2015 de bich, Onana ne apne naakiti, Sangroor de bich, Onana nu, Zila Yojna Board da, Chairman tha peya gaisi, 2002 de bich, Ladda Seed to, O Vidansabha chon, 2011 de bich, O Shromani Gurdwara, Prabanda Committee de, Member bane, Ate, 2010 de bich, Onana nu, Shromani Gurdwara, Prabanda Committee da, Pradaan chonaya gaya, E sode te, Laga tha, Tinwar unadi Pradaan ki, Khaim rahe, Chikar Gobind Singh, Longoval nu bhi, Parti mo ka nahi dendi, Ta unna to baad, Ek hor senior akali leader, Ekbal Singh chon dada na, E sdor de bich, Majbu davidar vajon, Vidkhya jaar hai, Ekbal Singh chon da, Shromani ekali dal de, Senior leader, 2010 de bich, Toori to, Vidha ek chonaya gaya san, 2012 bich, Amar gada to, Onani Vidhan Saba chon jiti si, Parti di, Core committee de, Member ne Ekbal Singh chon da, E zainal hi, Sangroot, Brnala, Ate, Maler Kotla to, Observer bhi ne, 2002 bich, Amar gada seat to, Hala ki, O chon haar gaya san, 2002 bich, Parti nu jedi, Shikasta samana karna pya, Oste ek, Kokhla hi bana ekai, Committee di Pradaan ki, Ekbal Singh chon da ne kiti, E's committee ne, Jan Saba halkya to, Feedback leya, De Parti Pradaan nu, Badlan diya chachawaan nu, Kharij kar diya, Ticket de, Batware di vedhe, Parti kuj hor na ma te bhi, Vichar kar sak diya, Par phil hal, Ve kna hoega, Ke shromaniya kali dal, Praminder Singh, Tinsa, Baldev Singh Maan, Gobind Singh Longawal, Ate Ekbal Singh chon da, Cho ki, Sek nu moka dande hai, Ja phil, Kisi neve che rite, Daa khe dhe hai. Bich hun galam, Admi Parti di, Chon jta, Par Punjabhich, Kyuki, Kalle apne damte, Lok Saba di, Chon ladhari, Amadbhi Parti, Te sariya sitta te, Jit da, Dawavi ki tajare. Gala garasi, Amadbhi Parti di, Kariye, Ta, Sangroor, Lok Saba, Seer to, Sabto, Jada charcha, Mukhmandri, Bhagwan Singh Maan, De, College de, Dost, Ate, Kalakar, Karamjit, Anmol di, Horiya. Par Je, Gurmeet Singh Mitt Hear, 2000 staran devich Trust, Bernadha to bidaik, Chonegaisean, Kongres De, Kable Singh ti, Lok Nonah ne, Haraha aisee, 2012 Devich, Onahne, Mudchon jit di, De, Bhagwant Maan, Sarkar devich, Cabinet Mantri bane, Filhal, Khedaji, Yuwag, Sevama Mantrala, Onah de, Kole, Khed, Watabaran, Athe, Apohavich, Badelah De, Vare, abha Barling female, intuit and消息, abha G ties Lo Beech, abha Abha abha abha abha abha Abha abha abha abha wichtiger Women's Journal发言 यह जरनलस, कडतर दे मेथ पथांदा। ता शामि downside. 2005 watching them being called the chairman of Punjab, or Punjab بت Eyes בןीधाा में उलीुध analysis firm in India, 2006 and 2008 planing & the youth congress, 2010 & 2012 by the decree for youth congress it turned out to rolling down the valve of the youth 2009 election itself finals wonders about PLEASE halaghi 2014 de bhi ch, loksabha chona de bhi ch onanoo pagwant maan de hath ho har da samna karna pya 2000 staran de bhi ch, ho sangroor to vidaik chune gai, athe subha sarkar de bhi ch PWD mantri bnaya gai 2002 diya vidansabha chona onanne ladhyaan, pa narendar kaur paraj to har gai philhal party de bhi ch Rahul Gandhi de naal onadi nedta, athe party de komi bulari di jimmewari bhi hai jo nanoo, Kongres date ticket de davidara vich pelle nambar tile kya naki hai sangroor to Kongres date ticket de duje davidar ne Dalbir Singh Goldi Dalbir Singh Goldi 2000 staran vich to rhi to vidaik mani san, 2002 de vich to rhi to pagwant maan to ho chon har gai san 2002 diya loksabha diya jimme chona vio naan ladhyaan, par ithe bhi Simranjeet Singh maan de hath ho nanoo har da samna karna pya jimni chona vich Goldi tijje nambar de khi san gai philhal o Kongres date jathhe bandak tanche vich ne adhe zilapradhaan di jimmewari saam re ne sangroor seat te hi Kongres date ticket de tijje davidar mahila aagu rajindar kaur pathal ne jena de naadinaar sabto vada oda jorda hai Punjab di pelli mahila mukhmantri hoon da 2002 diya loksabha diya hoon da jimmewari saam re ne Punjab de Sikha Mantri de vajon hoona 1994an ve vich sarkar de vich apniya serva maa date yaan jathki 1997 ve vich hoon naanoo Punjab pradesh Kongres committee da pradaan chona gai aasi 1998an ve donan o vidaansabha de vich virode ter di aagu vir rahe halangi 2003 de vich Captain Amrindar Singh de khilaf apne virode nu jag zahir karand de li usurkhyaan de vich hai athe virode Sikhar te janda huya bhi nazaraya 2004 to 2007 de vich aali onanoo supe da upmukhmantri thapya gaya de 195 me to lagataar upanjwar laira to vidaan ek chona gai ki Kongres Vijayindar singhla Dalbir singhar jindar kaur jafe re na 3 naanoo chadke kisi neve cherinu mo ka den diya des puri ladhi de vich mojuda saansat di gal kariye unasisa na dhi umar vich ho ekwar mud sangroor to chon me daan vich ne tar sakde ne Simran Jit Singh maan huan tak tinwar member parliament da oda saan chukhe ne ekwar taran taran seat athe dowar sangroor seat to naan ne jitha salki di Simran Jit Singh maan nu panjab di siyasade vich khalistan pakhi maan ne janda athe shromani aqali da lambrisar di pradaan givi unna de kole sangroor de mojuda member of parliament Simran Jit Singh maan dowar afeer chona ladan di tari kare ne tanu dahti ki unasisa naal di umar de vich kadna kate doher chawidya tari naan Simran Jit Singh maan de valon dowar afeer kiti naan jaari naan ne doher bhai de vich jodon CM Pagwan Singh maan ne mukhmantri padda oda saan ba layasita sangroor de vich loksava jimni chona huya si jisde vich jas Simran Jit Singh maan jo ki shromani aqali da lambrisar to naan jina ne aam adhmi party de gormel singh nu athe kongreston dalveer Singh goli athe BJP to keval Singh te loonu hara ke sangroor de MP da yada padha usumalaya seat so saariya party a sangroor seat te ticket de apne us davidhaar te daa laana chandia ne jeda unanu e seat jit ke choli vich pa ke de ve par e umidwar hubega kona e apne aapich hajeg taif hona baki hain sangroor to charanjeeb kaushal din aal guru report news 18.5 sansaj di dod vich kona maarega bazi ticket di race vich kona kiste paari CM de share de vich kesti kini chari CM city vich chari e ticket di davidhaari Lok sabha chona de vich sab to hot seat mani chari e sangroor de seat seat khaase isle hi hai kyuki 2019 diya Lok sabha chona vich atho maujuta mukhmantri paghvant maan ne jet haasil ke thisi par Punjab de mukhmantri banan to paela hona Lok sabha di membership char dhiti seat de jodo zimni chona huya ta kaaligal amritsar de sabranjeeb si maan ne aam aapmi party di umidwar gurmeil sim nho hara ke par takri ban baim ine baad ithe ek baar moda chon bhi saath vichhanali takri ban baim ine baad sangroor Lok sabha chona da khaada duwara pakhna shuru ho gaya hai CM paghvant maan ne jodo mukhmantri padhi saath chukisi joon 2002 diya vich sangroor Lok sabha seer diya duwara jimni chona huya si jina diya vichha shuru homani aakaligal amritsar to simranjee Singh maan ne ampiri seat hai gaya ode par baajee maari si tanu das diya saath is khas program di vich tanu jaankari damange ki hun kedi kedi party de kedi kedi umidwar iswakta jodo 2014 Lok sabha chona de BJP to ticket de dave dara vich sabto panagal party janta party de dave dara vich sangroor de vich BJP to ticket de masboot dave dara vich senior BJP aagu arvind khanna da na charcha de vich hai arvind khanna beshe to businessman ne social activists va jo kam kar de ne desiasi leader bhi ne uniso stanwe vich shromani kaali dal de naal arvind khanna jodesa saath to 2015 apna siyaasi safarona congress mkambal kita eswaran ona 2002 dya vidansbha chona de jitya 2002 to 2007 to sangroor to vidayek rahe 2004 de vich sangroor to loksbha chona na ne didya par haarge onanu haran baale san su dave singtinsa 2007 de vich arvind khanna siyaasa to door hoge 2012 de vich ek war fair 2014 vich vidayek de ode to naa stifa de jitya 2015 de vich congress party nu chad dita takribun saath salada bakpa jihasi jado arvind khanna siyaasa to door rahe 2002 de vich o bjp de vich shami hoge 2002 de vich ona ne sangroor to vidansbha chona de den narindar koar par aaj de hath mo harge isto pe na congress vich ran video all india congress committee de se captain amrindar singh de kafeen ne de manne jaan de ne hanna te party da nahi kherdi ka duje dave daar nahi keval singtino hum dekhde ya ena de vichon keda bjp athe akali dal suyukte de valon dave daar hunda par jistri ke denar charchama chalriya ne agar bjp athe shoromani akali dal da gath jod hojan da ta kithana kitha sami karne o ispure sumbha vanavade biche baadal sagde ne keval singtino June 2002 devich bjp devich shami lhoisan lm ulo education moga India's most trusted immigration consultancy iss news headlines ke praiyojak ulo education moga India's most trusted immigration consultancy aiz ke praiyojak sbse aake sbse alak karthar kambahin deshila gohe aasee kindar sarkar ne jari kita aiz nisthant e bangla desh tulai gair muslim lokaan vede ki par di naagrikta caa da notifcation lagu hundt ba dhili de svidhanshi alakyaan de vich bd aegi sarakhya shahin bags met kai alakyaan de vich pari puls baad kitha tenad electoral bonds mamale de vich sb i n sbrem ko so vada chad ka sb i d rzik ki thirad kaaltak janakari de hundt de li kya election commission on 15 march tak data website se upload karne de nardesh kaalinu leke bdans bha de vich bd hundt ba kangas ne sadantu kitha bhajbaan e speaker to mangya si bhaat te spashtri kar haa maadi paati ne panjab de vich bd aegi chon bhigal, siya maan de chere ti lukh sbha chon ladegi aap sansa de vichi pagwant maan khushaan panjab de vade ki shanta de tanara muri yatra te ne kaleya kali ral de pradansu gbeer singh baadal gderbaha to panjab bchao, yatra di muri srwaad halki de vakfa ke alakyaan to gozarya kaafla sadan chaman pith baadal di sharkari kothi te huya sval tam pwd mantri bole kothi de vich ek dining table te das chere kathmeidi nya tam bhajbaan e tanjab pare laze de vich itai ham dar di kya haale unanu kali aaya minor attack sarki chathya na likhu chandikar de vich nagar negamta vada faisla ek mene de vich 2,000 liter muft melega paani paar kum bhi huve ghi free sashti kaal to si bhekhriya news 8 na panjab na na mea pramindar singh te ja dhej de vich ca laghu ho chukha kinda sarkar de ba lo notifikation jarik kar data gaya gaya gaya muslim luka noo nagarikta melegi ten desha to bae sharnarthya noo nagarikta melegi jis de vich ke pakistan afghanistan te bangla desha to bae sharnarthya noo paar di nagarikta melegi hindu, seikh, jain bhodi isaiparsi noo e nagarikta melegi nagarikta land dillipotrel te apply karna huvega kinda sarkar de kole nagarikta din sumandhi adhikaar huvega chonathu pe la, kinda dillipotrel e vada faasla gaya gaya paarathandar aaj jis di ye noo laghu kar dita odi notifikation jarikin di hai, sehad bhod to loge samini saknige ki jede loog afghanistan pakistan to ya bangla deshto es kar ke mulk chhadi ke paarathandar ay ki onade tarante banayu na apna taram ni chhadiya lekin mulk chhadi dita jo noo nagarikta nahi melegi nao nao ne bachhe padpao de ne onade skulach admission ni melegi onade skulach admission ni melegi onade skulach admission ni melegi nanim ni onade kokball naanab ka krana wo ka cynndnambhal na ne س Chrome khn다� to flashott advocate? And then why the main now that why not for Islam? trevn afghanistan If the problem of our Islamic outbreak can touch up or to catch up in Afghanistan etc for future pro-sahudha. If the issues of some of our reckless Islamic precision in Iraq can level up in Iran that could go straight but if u imagine ༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀༀ ṏan ṏā Ṛere dhnāla Ther cœurā nKiāb hāaat dhe piles apair ṏāna. ṏan- Māriyā mīttu ṏal細 K kaum �当然 k으a tithu lia pārtai yā anda dal diploma débu jaitaut下面 ṏaayā Paisdha gomod pārtais ṃu sādu đen 6 arathu loengi. ṏ vé nġĀa tablet Solutions Dak다 ṏanаш sol zalh 58 Ṣāk Ngachair ڈول BRIGH సిం piel ల్త్రయౕ ప౭îne址నరి ది ప౿రాతాతళవరి ఇలతంనపనెంఔ తికాకాత్న cases కిఆటాప౰ాన్న్ట్నుమూhey చకి టింపచ� Vikar Piedil galive auring 들어중 man dha sangroor to shromani akali dal de tikad de davidara mich pehla na pramindar singh teen sa tha hovega kyunki shromani akali dal siyukth da akali dal de bich ralema ho juk hai akali dal de pradhan sukhveer singh badal ne sukhdev singh teen saanoo apne pita marhoom srdhaar prakash singh badal di tha haan de ke party da sukhveer singh badal ne ajevich akali dal unha de pehte pramindar singh teen saanoo sangroor to lokswa de li umidwar pana na chahega pramindar singh teen saanoo gal kariye to onanoo virse vichi siyasat mili hai pita sukhdev singh teen saa party de sar prasthne khut pramindar teen saanoo yuthakali dal to apne siyasat di shroaad kiti si saal 2000 de vich sunaam to onanne zimni chon jitke vidansabade vich entry kiti si 2002 to 2000 staran tak lagatar tinwar vidayek rahene pramindar singh teen saa 2007 de vich shromani akal dal pajpa di sarkar vedhe onanoo panjab da pwd mantri banaye gaya jatki 2012 de vich o panjab de khaza na mantri bane 2000 staran de vich onanne lehra gaga to chon radhi athe vidayek chun nege onan rajindar ko ar pathanoo haraya 2019 de vich vidansabade vich akali dal de vidayek dal de agudi onanoo zimniwari dithi gai si sangroor to agar apa gala shromani akali dal di kariye to winar ji singh goldi charchaamada hissa bane vene jade ki doher bai de vich vidansabade chonato midwar si te mojudda party de spokes prasnevi ne te duje paasi di agar apa gala kiti saav ka vidayek baldev singh manjde hage ne o isvata charchaamada hissa bane vene kitna kitne onanoo vidade hage ne loka shromani akali dal to sitdha davidhar mandre ne jade ki jade agar apa gala kariye to hgpc de saav ka vidayek govind singh longovar vid charchaamada hissa bane vene sangroor to agar apa gala tigar de davidharan de vich baldev singh manjde hage ne o isvata charchaamada baldev singh manjde agar apa gala kariye to shromani agar apa gala tigar de davidharan de vich dadbav vidansabade sitdha naal unada shmandre hain siyasad de vich ek senior aguva jon 1950 de vich o barnala sarkar de vich mantri rahe san surjit singh barnala di sarkar vich unna khura kade supply mekhma sambya si 2012 de vich sangroor to unna ne pipipi yani people's party of punjab di tigar te chon ladhi vidayek barnana de vich hala ki unna kaam rahe kyuki chon haar ge hissa isvata 2002 de vich ekwar unna ne mudh vidansabha chon ladhi par ithe vi unna no har da samna kar na peya sangroor loksabha sitdhe li shromani akali dal de tigar de davidharan de vich tija na gobin singh loong owal da hain gobin singh loong owal 1985 de vich to nohla to vidansabha chon jit de san 1986 de vich mark fett da chairman unna nupnaya ge hain yakti 1985 de vich to nohla to ekwar mudh po chon jitdan de vich khaam rahe te punjab sarkar de vich mantri bane 2002 de vich vidansabha chon unna ne mudh jit di vidansabha di zimni chon 2015 de vich onna ne apne nakiti sangroor de vich onna nu zila yojna board da chairman tha peya ge hain 2002 de vich ladha seat to o vidansabha chon har ge hissa 2011 de vich o shromani gurudwara prabandha committee de member bane athe 2000 staran de vich unna nu shromani gurudwara prabandha committee da pradaan chunaya ge hain e sode te lagata tinwar unna di pradaan ge khaim rahe jikar gobin singh longo wala nu vi party moka nahi dendi ta unna to baad ek hor senior akali leader ek baal singh chunda da na e s dode vich majboot davidar vajjo vikha ja rahe ek baal singh chunda shromani akali del de senior leader 2007 de vich to ri to vidai ek chunaya ge san 2012 vich amargad to onna ne vidansabha chon jit di party di core committee ne member ne ek baal singh chunda e jenal hi sangroor pranala athe maler kotla to observer vi ne 2002 vich party nu jedi shikasta samna karna pya usni kokla hi banai ke committee di pradaan ge ek baal singh chunda ne kiti e s committee ne 114 100 vidansabha halkya to feedback leya de party pradaan nu badlan diya chachawanu khaarij kar ditda prade batware de vede party kuj hor nama te vi vichar kar sak diya par filhal vikna hoega ke shromani akali del pramindar singh tinsa baal dev singh man gobin singh longo wala athe baal singh chunda jokis ek nu moka dende jafid kisi neve chere te daa kheed vichun gala man party di chonj ta i n d i alliance tha hissa pr panjabhich kyuki kalle apane damte loksabadi chon lada di chon lada di aamadmi party te sariya sitta te jit da daba vi kitajare karamjit anvol dhi hooriya sangroor to aamadmi party di tikar te davidara vichur gurmeet singh meether da na sabto pelle nambar te gurmeet singh meether 2000 staran de vichu bernala to bida ek chunega kangres de kebal singh tilon ho na ne hara aisi 2012 de vichu onna ne mudchon jithi te pakwant man sarkar de vich cabinet du la de vare onna di rujiya gurmeet singh meether da baat duja na jada aamadmi party di liste vichur tikar de davidara vichur sangri kitajark da hain one karamjit singh anmol karamjit singh anmol peše to khala kaar ne 2011 to onna ne filmi dunya de vich chnip sarkar mi vichu saab ka vada ekate saab ka membro parlementar Vijendra Singhla Congress party debal ho rahe chukhe ne sangroor lok sabha seat te congressi ticket de davidhana di gal kariye ta Vijendra Singhla da na is seat to sabto agam na jaar hai Vijendra Singhla computer science de vich engineering karke 2002 de vich youth congress de vakho vakho deyate rahe 2004 ta kon na ne zimewariya niba hiya jenevi journals katarate meet pradanda ho da shamil si 2005 de vich unha nu pida da chairman yani Punjab Urja Vikas 30 da chairman tha peyagya 2006 to 2008 tak youth congress Punjab de pradanda rahe ne Vijendra Singhla 2010 to 2012 de vichade youth congress diya chona jathe bandak chona de li kraye jaan da seravi unha desir sajda hai 2009 de vich unha ne lok sabha chon ladhi athe sangroor to MP chune gay halagi 2014 de vich lok sabha chona de vich unha nu apple are the duje davidhaar ne dalbir singh goli dalbir singh goli 2007 vich tu rito widar ek manesan 2002 de vich tu rito pagvant man to uchon har gaisan 2002 chud lok sabha diya zimni chona vio naan ladhi yaan pare thevi simrin jich singh man de hath ho nanu har da samana kar na peya zimni chona vich goli DJ nambar de ki sang gay fen hal o congress de jate bandak tanche vichne aga zila pradanda hii zimewari saam Reine sangroor seat te hi, kongres de tigardhi tijidavidar, mahila agu, rajindar korpathal ne jena de naadenaar, sabto vada hoda jorda hai, panjab di pelli mahila mukhmantri honda 1986 to 1987 tak ona ne zibmavari nibaisi panjab de sikhya mantri devajon, ona 1984 ve vich sarkar de vich apniya sevama ditia jat ki 1986 ve vich ona noo panjab pradesh kongres committee daa pradan chunaya gaisi 1987 to 1988 donan, o vidansabade vich virode tirdhi agu bhi rahe halangi 2003 de vich captain abrindar singh de khilaf apne virode noo jag zahir karan de li o surkhyaan de vich hai, athe virode sikhar te janda huya bhi nazaraya 2004 to 2007 de vich hale, ona noo supe da upmukhmantri thapya gaya te 195 me to lagataar uppanjvar lehra to vida ek chunaya gaisi par ithe bhikhnaya hai, ki kongres vijayindar singhla, dalbir singh goldi yar jindar ko ar patthal te, apna daaj mandi hai, jafir ana tina nushadke kisi nave cherin ummokha dendi hai tez puri ladi de vich mojuda san sa di kal kariye ta sangroor to mojuda membar parliament ne simran jit singh maan 1989 na di umar vich ho ekwar mud, sangroor to chon medan vich nitar sakhde ne simran jit singh maan hun tak tin baar membar parliament daauda saam chukhe ne ekwar taran taran seat athe dowar sangroor seat to ona ne jitha sakhde di simran jit singh maan noo panjab di siyasade vich chukh khalistan pakhi maan ne janda aajhe shromani kaalida lambri sardhi pradaan givi unna de kole sangroor de mojuda membar parliament simran jit singh maan dobar afir chona ladan di tari kariye ne tanu daadhe ki 1989 na di umar de vich chakad na kade doher chawid hiya tariya simran jit singh maan de valon dobar afir kitiya jaariya ne doher baai di vich chad jodon siyam pakha singh maan ne mukhmantri padda oda saam baalia siita sangroor de vich chalokh sabha jimni chona honya si jisde vich chas simran jit singh maan jo ki shromani aakalida lambri sardho ne jina ne aam admi party de gurmeil singh nu athe congress to dalveer singh goli athe bjp to keval singh te loonu hara ke sangroor de mp daauda padha usmaalia si so sariya party a sangroor seed te tikad de apne us daa bidhaar te daa laana chandhia ne jadao nanu ae seed jit ke choli vich pakhe dewe par e umidwar hovega kon e apne aapich hajek taaf hona baki hai sangroor to chiran jit kaushal de naal gurud poot news 18 pancha sansaj di dod vich kon maarega bazi tikad di race vich sasi kaal news 18 pancha bhriana dekhne sare darshkanda swaghat hai khabar jo mudha bane laa ke main vijaypal singh brad to desamne haazaraan te khabar jo mudha bane chas zikar unha khabra daa jo taonu aggaa kar diya ne jo to adewal aaspaas hori naa war daataan de baare taonu jaankari deke satarak kar diya ne ke aajkaal de ish zamana de vich aajkaal de hori crime de vich tosi ke strike naal bachana hai te kime unna sharati ansraanu unna galataansraanu samjna hai jo kadhevi toh daily sumasya payda kar sakde ne so aasya hi khabraan te nazar ponde haa khabar jo mudha bane chas te galakar de aas jijay di jo apni hi sali de peyarch diwana hogea ish kadhar diwana hogea ke apni patni nu chhadke sali de naal vyaakrona 14 te jado sali ne vyaa to inkar kar dita ta usne gala kotke usta kathal kar dita jija jada apni hi sali de marmi dea jija jada sali de pyar vich bange a kathal hi pyar da gala kotke kar dita kathal unna kathal jija apni sali de pyar vich puretri ke pagal hogea sali de naal kotvaakrona da si sali de naal hi selfie lenda si apni sali de naal vyaakrona chanda si apni sali de khuk surdi je na fida hoya ke usne muho na hi nahi sumna chanda si jado sali de usne naal vyaakrona to inkar kar dita ta gala kotke usta kathal kar dita te heart attack to maat di gala gaki laashta antam saskar kar dita malo usne naal vyaakrona chanda siya usne naal vyaakrona chanda siya usne naal vyaakrona chanda siya usne naal vyaakrona chanda siya usne naal punna faanani naa bar hai mutto peri usne naal vyaakrona kotke usne naal vyaakrona chanda siya usne naal vyaakrona chanda siya Testament Itís a 節 很好 gjorde the fake news ибо من scheduled new news �픈 parecer Passionab都 動態 這 days of des Pearson während Hananyi 既 所以 convention is time to divide 分享 ortsam Educate 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किती जारही है वूश्यार पूर तो आमरी कुमार नूज़े टिंपंजा मोगा ज्पंदू मज्दूर यून्यन ते पूलिस दे विचाले तका मुकी देखनो मिली प्रदर्षंकार्याने लेल्वे ट्रैक चाम कार दिता लूद्याना प्रूस्पूर लेल्वे ट्रैक ते एक त्रैन रोक लेगाई जिस तो बाध पूलिसनो सक्त कारवाई करनी बाई इक पासे लाईं ते खडी होरन मार्दी त्रैन ते दूजे पासे त्रैक चाम करी बदे प्रदर्षंकारी तस्वीरा मोगा दियाने जे ते पेंदु मज्दूर उन्यून वलों प्रोस्पूर लूद्याना रेल्वे ट्रैक जाम कीता गया उन्यून वलों कीते जारे प्रदर्षंकार के एक त्रेन लुख्ना पैगया वरा मार्च दा अगया बागे आद़ा प्रोगरा मडी ज़ी खर मल दी जाम करना इसी गे जी दे कर के पोट्सने लाडी चार्ज कीता शुभे सदे दे दे आज जासी एथे रेलवे ट्रैक जाम करना इसी गे और कीता भी आ वी आगद ۭ۶۶۶۶۶ mammals dwa jay base police mnd axea ! ۭ۸۶۶۶۶۶ :( ۚ۱۬ۚ ۭ۶۶ prefaction",udsoo andır описании do conta unterstützen B.Nur Broken SATI K champion पेशे तो बिसन्स मैंने, सोष्यल अक्टिविस्ट वे जो कम कर देने, ते स्यासी लिटर भीने उनिसो स्तान्वे विज, श्रोमनी अगाली दल दे नाल और विंखन नाजुडे साए उनिसो अधान्वे विज, और कोंगरे स्विष शामिल होगे उनिसो अधान्वे तो 2015 तक आपना स्यासी साफरोंना कोंगरे स्विष मकम्मल किता एस वरान, उना 2002 दिया मिदान सब चोना लडिया जे जित्या 2002 तो 2007 उस्संग्रूर तो विदाएक रही 2004 देविज, संग्रूर तो लोक सब चोना उना ने लडिया पर हारगे 2012 देविज, उस्संग्रूर तो विदाएक चुने गई 2014 देविज, विदाएक देविज, तो ना स्तीपा देदिता 2015 देविज, कोंगरे स्पार्टीन उच़द दिता तक गरी वं सत सालादा वक्पा जेहासी ज़ो अर्विन खना स्यासतो दूर रहे ते 2002 विज, उपिजेपी देविश शामिल होगे 2002 विज उनाने संग्रूर विदाएक चुन लगी ते नरिंदर कोर पर आज दे हथ हो फारगे इस तो पेना, कोंगरे स्विज रेंवेलेो अलिन्दिया कोंगरे स्विदिय दे मेंपर भी रहे ते नरिंदर कोर पर आज दे हथ हो फारगे इस तो पेना, कोंगरे स्विज रेंवेलेो अलिन्दिया कोंगरे स्विदिय दे मेंपर भी रहे ते कैप्टे नम रिंदर सिंग दे कापी नेदे मने जान देने तना ते पार्टी दा नहीं खेड दी तो तुजे दावेदार नेई, केपल सिंटि लो न्दे लेंग दे विचों, केडा भीजेपी आते अकाली डल स्विज ते वल लों डावेदार हूंदा पर जिस तरीके देनाल चरचामा चालरी ने अगर भीजेपी आते शुरोमनी अकाली डल दा गत जोड हो जन दा ता कितना किते दे समी करने, उो इस पुरे स्मबा वनावादे पिचे बादल सकदेने केपल सिंटि लो जुन दोहोजार भाईदे विज भीजेपी दे विश्षा मिल हो यसन लम में वक्ता केपल सिंटि लो कांगरेस दे विछ रही पन्चा प्र देश कांगरेस कमेटी दे उप्रदान रही दे 2007 तो 2017 तारान दे विचाली बर नाला तो विदाएक विछ उने गे बर नाला लो जिला बनान दे विछ उना दी एहम्पुम का रही 2020 तारान दे विछ विदान सबा चोना दे विछ उम्मीट हेर तो हार गे 2019 लोग सबा चोना विछ उना संग्रूर लोग सबा सीट तो आपनी किस्मत जमाई पर एक से शिकास्त मिली 2020 भाईदिया जिमनी चोना विछ एक वर फेर उचोन मेटान विछ 2019 विछ 2019 विछ उना रोप पण्वंट मान दे हतो हार दा समना करना प्यासी हुन 2014 लोग सबा चोना विछ एक वर फेर केवल सिंक तिल लोग तिकड लेई दावे दावे दावे थोख रहे ने इसे लडी विछ तीजे कंडेट मने जारे ने तीकड दे लेई तावे दावे दावे दावे थोख सक देने रन्दीप सिंक द्योल 2002 विछ भिदान सबा चोना लडचुकेने तुरी तो पववंट मान दे खिलाफ नाने चोन लडीसी ते पाजपा दी तीकड दे लडन दाव नानु एला हा मिल्या पार्टी ने उनानु जिला प्रदान्दा उदा देटा 2019 तो लेके दसम्वर 2000 तेई तक उजिला प्रदान्दे उदे ते रही ते हुन रन्दीप सिंक द्योल नुवी एक smart option दे वज्यों पार्टी जन्ता पार्टी दे कन देड वज्यों बिख्या जा सक दै जे भिए ते श्रोमन्य एकाली दल दे विजाले गडचोर नि हुटा तर संगरूर तो स्रोमन्य अकाली दल दे थिगडड दे दावे दारविज प्रमिंदर सिंक तीईट साуск आदो विगा क्यो विगी श्रोमन य काली दल trouvé sau 16KSPA 2X , 56% of preparation gold will be based on new up-to-date aktual pusho gold will be based on new up-to-date second part will be based on new now old tu be based on gold new ensemble но처當然 for future if this are going to be based on next don't even start గ౒λο మ fragr architect మ ఈనమరీయోనారోను వ� era భ scooty క౷౏తౌ ల్లు దాలాపత hell ఖైనినిరంచి మర్చి మరమశం�achu�ాపిర ర్పాల Fuß�ిసిబార ంలస Train వ౅ంద్న కిత్నీ నిఆం Vocals

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OSMOSIS ($OSMO) PRICE UPDATES & CRYPTO NEWS (Must Watch)

This video is about Osmosis OSMO Coin Price Prediction #Osmosis #Crypto #osmo If you enjoy this content, please give it a thumbs up and consider subscribing to my channel. Telegram: https://t.me/makemoneyterritory Whatsapp Channel: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9Zm9z9WtC83tvulk1k Instagram: https://instagram.com/makemoneyterritory?igshid=OGQ5ZDc2ODk2ZA== Tiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@makemoneyterritory?_t=8hOZy2Fbyrt&_r=1 Disclaimer: My content is for entertainment only. In no event will I be liable for any loss or damage including, without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever arising from loss of data or profits arising out of, or in connection with, the use of my content on YouTube, Reddit, Twitter, Tik Tok, and anywhere else. I am not a licensed broker/financial planner. All financial decisions made by the viewer should be done after talking with a licensed professional. Everything on this channel is for entertainment only. Do not invest more than you are willing to lose! My video content may change over time, or become outdated or invalid. I reserve the right to change my opinions and entertainment content at any time. bitcoin, cryptocurrency, crypto, altcoin, altcoin daily, osmo crypto, atom osmo, osmosis airdrops, evmos staking, coinbureau, ivan on tech, crypto banter, atom price prediction, juno network, osmosis crypto, akash network, axelar network, osmosis airdrops 2023, crypto news, osmosis review, cryptosrus, osmo crypto price prediction, osmosis crypto news, osmo crypto staking, osmosis crypto explained, osmo cryptocurrency, osmosis crypto news today, osmo crypto review, osmosis crypto 2023, atom osmo, atom crypto, atom coin, atom osmosis price prediction, osmosis crypto news, osmo crypto staking, osmo crypto explained, osmo cryptocurrency, osmosis crypto news today, osmosis crypto review, osmo crypto 2023, atom cosmos, atom crypto, atom coin, atom cosmos price prediction

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Hello and welcome to Make Money Territory. In this video, we will be talking about the latest update on Osmosis coin. Osmosis Osmo, the leading decentralized exchange, DEX on the Cosmos Atom blockchain has exploded in a plus 25% price move. But as Osmo price enters localized retracement, is it too late to buy Osmosis? The explosive price action appears to have been triggered by a major development on the Cosmos network that will see the two largest DEX on the blockchain Osmosis and Umi merge. Whether you're an investor eyeing the future of Osmosis, Osmo, or simply curious about the potential trajectory of Osmo coin, our thorough price prediction analysis aims to offer insightful information. Grounded in technical analysis and a deep dive into Osmosis's current and historical performance, our Osmosis price prediction is tailored to provide valuable insights. Let's embark on this exploration together. Let's get started. Anticipating the future value of a digital asset can be a daunting task, yet by delving into comprehensive research and considering various elements such as market dynamics, past performance and expert viewpoints, join us as we explore the factors shaping the potential trajectory of Osmosis in the coming years. As price action enters retracement, Osmosis is currently trading at a market price of $1.17, representing a 24 hour change of plus 15%. Much of the skyrocketing movement appears to have been supplied with support from the aggressively ascendant 20 DMA, which is currently stood at 75 cents. Meanwhile, the 200 DMA remains descendant still stood at 46 cents, reflecting the sudden shift in velocity by Osmo price action. As Osmo price retraces, a tight banded trading channel is emerging, revealing that a drop down to 82 cents could be on the cards. This is a view supported by the RSI indicator, which has overheated to a severe degree at 77.88, suggesting further retracement is needed. However, the MACD continues to reflect the impressive upside momentum with bullish divergence at 0.0248. Overall, Osmo therefore appears due a healthy retracement move to strengthen the technical structure of a breakout rally move. This leaves Osmo price with an upside target at $1.26, representing a plus 23.63%, while downside risk remains at 82 cents, a potential minus 19.54%. Osmosis therefore carries a current risk. Reward ratio of 1.21, a reasonable entry with upside potential baked in, suggesting it's not too late to buy Osmo. The experts think that because more financial services connected to Osmosis are coming up and more people around the world are starting to use it, the price could go up. They're guessing the highest price might be around $1.20, the lowest could be about 86 cents, and the average might be around $1 for the year 2023. If market conditions remain favorable, it's projected that by 2024 the maximum price of Osmo might reach approximately $1.61. In bullish scenario, the average price of Osmosis could surge to around $1.41, although it's essential to consider that the minimum price might experience a potential dip to $1.37. According to priceprediction.net by 2025, Osmosis might see an average price of $2.01. If everything goes smoothly, the predicted the maximum price of Osmosis could be up to $2.37 with a minimum price of $1.94 in 2025.00. Cryptocurrency news website. Crypto Disrupt thinks that the price of one Osmosis will easily reach good levels. According to historical data analysis, the price could end up as high as $3.38 and as low as $2.71 with an average price of $2.81 by 2026. Osmosis Osmo price predictions suggest that the price might rise massively in a few years. It could have a clear road to a minimum price of $3.90 and a maximum price of $4.73. Crypto prediction firms expect to see Osmo at an average price value of $4.04 for 2027. Our predictions indicate that the highest price Osmosis might reach is about $6.88 in 2028. Some investors and traders believe that Osmosis could keep growing and have an average price of $5.87. However, if the market goes down, the lowest price for Osmosis in 2028 might be around $5.67. According to Osmosis Osmo price predictions, the price might rise massively in a few years. It could have a clear road to a minimum price of $7.76 and a maximum price of $9.64. Crypto prediction firms expect to see Osmo at an average price value of $8.05 for 2029. Experts think that the price of Osmosis could go up because more financial services connected to it are coming up and more people around the world are starting to use it. They speculate that the highest price might be around $13.49. The lowest could be about $11.30 and the average might be around $11.70 for the whole year. For 2031, the expected predictions for Osmosis Osmo vary from a minimum price level of $16.20 to a maximum price level of $19.56. However, the $16.67 price level is more likely. According to tech newsletter, Osmo will trade at a minimum of $22.69, while the maximum might reach $28.05 during 2032. On average, it is expected that the value of Osmosis might be around $23.53. Looking ahead to 2040, Crypto Disrupt provides the expected price range for Osmosis, which is anticipated to fall between $424.17 and $518.04, with an average trading price of $457.10. This estimate takes into account diverse market scenarios as cryptocurrencies, including Osmosis, become more commonly adopted, with an increasing number of people globally using coins like Osmo for everyday transactions. Businesses are expected to widely embrace it as a popular and accepted payment method. In 2050, experts think that Osmosis's highest trading price could be about $725.06, and the average might be around $657.54. However, there could be times when the price drops temporarily to around $625.08. Osmosis might face competition from other cryptocurrencies that have special features. The technology behind cryptocurrencies is growing, and new currencies with better features might come up. Even with the competition, Osmo has some advantages. It was one of the first in the market has a strong network and a good system already in place. This could help Osmosis stay at the top in the cryptocurrency world. Remember, these predictions depend on many things like how the market is doing, new technologies, rules from the government, and unexpected events. So, it's important to do a lot of research and be careful when deciding based on long-term predictions in the cryptocurrency world. After going through the above price prediction, the immediate thought that provokes in mind is whether I should invest in the digital asset. So, share how you feel about this coin. Have you tried Osmosis? Are you excited to invest in this cryptocurrency?

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Make Descheduler Smarter and Safer: How We Apply Reinforcement... - Xuming Wang & Haosong Huang

Don't miss out! Join us at our next Flagship Conference: KubeCon + CloudNativeCon North America in Salt Lake City from November 12 - 15, 2024. Connect with our current graduated, incubating, and sandbox projects as the community gathers to further the education and advancement of cloud native computing. Learn more at https://kubecon.io Make Descheduler Smarter and Safer: How We Apply Reinforcement Learning in Descheduling Strategies - Xuming Wang & Haosong Huang, Shopee Currently, descheduler uses predefined strategies to rebalance workloads. This works effectively in a simple environment. However, as the cluster runs more and more different categories of workloads, and the workloads' running behaviors are affected by more and more factors, rule-based strategies may not fit all scenarios. In this session, we try to define proper reward functions and use Reinforcement Learning to train agents that could act for resource fragmentation and workload hotspots. We also would introduce how we use historical scheduling data and the scheduler simulator to train and verify the RL-based descheduler without interrupting production services.

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Okay, good afternoon everyone. And we are excited to start our sharing today. We would like to share our experience about how we explore adopting reinforced learnings in Kubernetes this game. My name is Haosong, and I will join with my colleague, Xu Ming. We are both engineer in the engineering infrastructure at Shopee. Due to the V-side issue, sorry for that. My colleague, Xu Ming, will share remotely instead of on-site. Before we get started, I would like to give a brief introduction about our company. We are from Shopee, which is an e-commerce company operating in several markets across the world. Today, we are the leading e-commerce platform in Southeast Asia, Taiwan, and Brazil. We are also the number one shopping app in these markets by average month active users, as well as a total time spending app. In Shopee, we have used Kubernetes to manage and orchestrate large numbers of ports that are powered in the backend systems behind Shopee. Today, we have over 100,000 ports run across tens of thousands of nodes distributed across multiple data centers worldwide. And we expect these numbers to continue growing as a company grows in these years to come. For today's talk, Xu Ming will introduce the issues we encountered in Shopee scenarios and how we use the traditional way to address them. Then I will continue to share how we explore reinforced learning to address the problems we are encountered. At the end, I will also introduce the disadvantage of reinforced learnings we found when we lower it to production and how we plan to address in the future. Now, let me pass to Xu Ming to share his part. Okay, thank you, Haozong. As we all know, Kubernetes is a side post to certain nodes in a cluster for the Kubernetes scheduler. The scheduler's primary objective is to optimize resource visualization and ensure that the application runs smoothly and efficiently. Kubernetes scheduling is composed of two main phases. Featuring phase and scoring. In the filtering phase, Kubernetes eliminates nodes that are not suitable for running a pod. It will filter out nodes that cannot provide enough resources for a pod request. In the scoring phase, Kubernetes assigns a scope to each remaining nodes based on various criteria, such as resource utilization, core affinity, and node affinity. Kubernetes scheduling enables work load distribution, load balancing, and forage tolerates. It plays a vital role in optimizing resource allocation. But the result is a runtime optimal decision based on the current cluster resource technology. It doesn't adapt to changes in the cluster if a pod is running. After running a Kubernetes cluster in live environment for some time, we found that changes in the cluster resource status could cause the original efficient and optimized pod distribution to become less than idle. This can lead to uneven work load distribution and inefficient resource usage. The reasons might include nodes are underutilized or overutilized, new nodes are added to clusters, nodes hardware specs, situations have changed, or have no affinity requirements, such as themes or labels have changed and the original scheduling decisions are no longer appropriate for certain nodes. Different applications times adopt different oversold strategies and may even adjust on demand. Some ports managed by custom controller cannot be rated arbitrarily. The scheduler project tries to solve the above problems. It provides an automated system for running rescheduling. The working mechanism of the scheduler primary resource around a set of processes that define when and how to reschedule ports within the cluster. Here is the basic workflow of the scheduler. First, the scheduler begins by inspecting the current state of the cluster, including the resource usage of nodes as well as the distribution of ports across them. Then based on predefined policies, the scheduler determines which ports should be rescheduled for instance, if a node is over-node and there is a policy to handle over-node, no over-node nodes, the scheduler will mark some ports on the node for rescheduling. Once ports have been marked for rescheduling, the scheduler issues a ration command for the Kubernetes API. The Kubernetes scheduler finds new nodes for the evicted ports based on the current state of the cluster and rescheduling process. Finally, the scheduler is typically set to run at regular intervals to ensure that the cluster continuously maintains an optimal state. It is important to know that the scheduler does not direct move a port from one node to another, but rather it restores the port. Ports are still scheduled by Kubernetes scheduler. In practice, we found the resource utilization of most clusters have been significant improvements, but the scheduler was not working as well as we expected. The major deficiencies were on compressed configuration, the powerful capabilities of the scheduler depend on a series of compressed process configurations. This could post configuration and management challenges for arbitrators, especially in large-scale and compressed environments. Two, some ports are eroded to frequency. The same specific ports are likely to be eroded irreparately, and they may even return to their original nodes after eviction. This is because the decision on whether the node capacity is balanced just based on the Ports request without considering the actual workload of the nodes. Three, inability to handle certain times of Ports. There are certain times of Ports, such as demon set, clone set, emplacement Ports that the scheduler cannot handle. Four, potential for service in Russians. The scheduler eroded Ports may need to temporary service in Russians, especially if Ports de-russian budgets are not currently confused. We need to find new ways to further improve resource utilization while maintaining capability. Okay, that my clinic also introduced how we try to solve this problem through the reinforcement learning method. Thank you. Thank you, Xiuming, for your introduction to about disk-garing in short piece scenarios. While loop-based disk-garrier achieve outstanding results in these scenarios, addressing our specific problem effectively, we are curious about potential more efficient methods. With the rise of AI, we are exploring whether machine learning technologies can enhance scheduling efficiency. Reinforced learning in particular has been widespread applications in scheduling research in recent years. But what is reinforced learning and why is suitable for scaling? If we categorize scaling machine learning algorithms by objective, there are four into two main groups, prediction tasks and decision-making tasks. Prediction tasks includes, for example, use the AI to determine if images contain a human face, or large language model like chat GPT predict the next token based on the previous input. Decision-making tasks, on the other hand, involve training as an agent to autonomously making decisions to achieve a goal, such as playing games. This diagram illustrates how reinforced learnings make decisions and take actions. In this framework, we refer to the training target as an agent. The agent learns policies during training. It observes the state and the environments, taking action based on the observation, trigger environment changes, and receive new states and rewards in response. The agent continually improves its policies, taking actions, then alter the environments and garner new rewards. This process repeats until the agent maximizes rewards. We will encounter several terminology comments in reinforced learning, such as agent, state, environments, action, and reward. This test has specific meanings in the context, which we will explore in later sliders. In reinforced learning and popular organizations by training targets, Q-learning utilize a Q-table to maintain state action transitions. This is effective for load dimension data. However, with high-dimension data, tabular methods falter, with the rise of deep learning, in past decades, there have been a shift towards integrate it with reinforced learnings, deep Q-learning. For instance, in neural network to learn and store policies, a sufficiently deep and large-scale neural network can model compressed and data relationships, even with luminous dimensions. Reinforced learning has proved he's successful in various applications over the year. The most notable work is AbraGo, developed by Google Demine, which defeat tall human goal players and showcase the amazing capabilities of AI. Other famous application is auto-parallel systems for the innate training tasks. Brands like Tesla utilize reinforced learnings to control speed and steering, adapt to diverse situations. Given its power-improved success across industry, can reinforced learnings be applied to scaling challenges? After we've received recent research, the answer is definitely yes. Scaling problems can align well with the Markov decision process, or area where reinforced learnings good. Siphenicon research, such as Google Demite, published eight years ago, has adopted the reinforced learnings for compressed scheduling tasks like multiple resource diamond packing, achieved state-of-the-art results compared to the previous heuristic algorithms. Virus-academic institutions has published numerous papers in this field, flowing to different categories based on the methods of implementation. One approach is to use the agent, train as the reinforced learning, as a scheduler to derive resource allocation and management. Another approach involves use the agent as a stretch selector, choosing the most appropriate loop-based scheduler based on the current situation. In our case, we adopt the first method, enable the scheduler to handle multiple-dimension data at the same time. Now that we have deceived our approach, let's discuss how to implement the incubinities discarding. The process may struggle with only four steps to apply reinforced learnings to Kubernetes discarding. Defy the problem, implement the reinforced learning of a reason, train the agent, and then deploy it to production. However, there's a cache. We find there are no existing work on applying reinforced learnings, specifically in Kubernetes discarding. While there are many studies on using reinforced learnings in general scheduling problems, none are literally applicable to Kubernetes or discarding in particular. Thus, we have to develop our solutions from scratch without relying on the previous work. The first step is proven definition. It's crucial to clearly understand the problems we are addressing. As this will significantly influence all our reward functions designed in later stage. In the context of Shopee, we have identified our objective is to achieve balance across the cluster. The next step is to qualify what constitutes balance or imbalance across the clusters. To measure the imbalance of the worker loads across the cluster, we use the variance of the load. Our higher variance indicate a greater imbalance. The ideal variance is zero, signifying even load distribution. We use the changes in variance as a reward signal during training. If the variance decays after the agent's action, you receive a positive reward, reflecting a more balanced state than before. Since the agent learned to maximize cumulative rewards, this guide towards policy that enhance the cluster balance. The reinforced learning divide the schedule, the divide the action and observation space is precisely is essential. The action space includes all potential actions, the agent may take. In our agent discarding scenarios, we define it as a pair comprising of a container and a worker load. The observation space include all possible states the agent may observe. For discarding, this means it being a way of resource allocation and usage across the cluster. We represent these user metrics that includes each worker nodes allocation and usage states. The allocation and usage states for each worker load also can be further detailed to include every container's resource allocations and usage. This comprehensive observation allow our agents to accurately assess the state of each containers in each node. Enable more precise actions based on its observations. Having divide the essential components of a reinforced learning program, we can now begin our implementation. There are several mature libraries available for this purpose, such as Base 3. We will utilize two popular libraries widely used in reinforced learning. The first is skin created by OpenAI, which we will use to implement a customer environment that interacts with the Kubernetes cluster. The second is Ray IL-LIP, which provides a lot of ready-to-use reinforced learning operations. Recall the concepts of the environments in reinforced learning. We need environments that interact with the agent. From the agent, they learn policies. But how does Kubernetes cluster interact with the agent to facilitate this interaction? We use the GIN to implement an adapter, creating a bridge between the agent and the Kubernetes cluster. When creating a customer environment in GIN, key interface need dividing. The most critical is the stair method. The stair method receives actions from the agent, then return the new states and rewards after applying the action of the environments. This is where the most of the logic is implemented. The other method, research, and render are used for environment utilization and visualizing the agent's states. After implementation of these customer environments, we proceed to implement these reinforced algorithms used Ray IL-LIP. The first, we register our customer environments, then we select appropriate training algorithms with specific configurations and hyperparameters. We also define the process for training the agent with the true reinforced learning algorithm. You may notice that we use PPO to training our agent. PPO, or possible policies optimization, is created by OpenAI as well. TripGPT also employs PPO in its tightening, known as reinforced learnings from human feedback to better align the response with human preference. We explore the other reinforced learning algorithms like SAC, but PPO's training process prove more stable and yet better results more easily. PPO also uses an actor-critic architecture, means it training two neural network. The policy net defines actions based on the given state, while the very net is teammate accumulated the various from the state and the action, provide feedback into the policy net. These neural are trained together, each will improve the other. This method balance the advantage of policy net and very, very methods, leading to better convergence and the ability to learn stochastic policies. Compared to other actor-critic algorithms, PPO introduced clipping mechanisms and copper liberal divergence to prevent overly large policies updates. These mechanisms balance its progression and its politician, resulting in better performance and stability. PPO also use generalized advantage estimations to estimate the various balance bias and variance, leading to more effective learning and more stable policy updates. For training, we use Cooper-Ray, a Kubernetes operator that simply by deploying a manager-Ray in Kubernetes. Cooper-Ray can distribute Ray's worker loadouts across multiple Kubernetes posts. Different posts are trained in a distributed view, concurrent manners with very hyperparameters. Upon completion, we select the best track points from the training histories. The training initial results looks good with the training converging over episode. However, some agents still exhibit slightly overfutings or underfutings toward to the end. So how we adjust it? One approach is to continue fighting the hyperparameters of the PPO or the reasons to balance the exploration and its politician. Hyperparameters like learning rate, clip parameters, batch size, and entropy co-efficiencies all have different impacts on the training outcomes. Ray's official documents provide more details on these effects. A useful trick is to leverage it to Ray turn API, which allow us to great research the exploration within a range of hyperparameters and combinations. Within Cooper-Ray, the process is distributed across multiple Kubernetes port for concurrent trainings enable more efficiency and easier identifications of the best hyperparameters. In addition to the hyperparameters turning, we also can consider changing the backbone network of our reinforced learning model. Our PPO implementation currently use a fully connected network, but other research also experiment with the conversion neural network, low shorter memory networks, or transformer. The truth depends on the nature of the operation space. For instance, if the input is the images and conversion neural network may be more appropriate. To exploit the convergence, we also can adjust the definitions of our rewards and action space. This to enable more efficient policies is pro-lations by the agent. For instance, pulling the invalidations can prevent the agent from learning incorrect policies. Additionally, including penalties into the reward systems can deter the agent from learning undesirable behaviors. During the training, we also noticed interlating with the actual Kubernetes cluster and waiting for matches to update from the monitoring systems. For each episode, it was too slow. To assert this, we developed a Kubernetes scheduler simulator. This simulator goes through the scaling process without actually in launch port, similar to the K-Work. This approach doesn't require setting up a full-size cluster and still allow us to simulate the entire process for policy learning. You also reduce the risk of the agent disrupting the Kubernetes cluster during training. Now that since we don't create a real port for the simulator, we use random usage data flowing on normal distributions as part of the observation space. This prevents the training on unstable agent with empty data from the monitoring system. Finally, we obtain a stable checkpoints that meet our requirements without over-futing or under-futing. Yeah, here is an example demonstrating the disk scaling process during this checkpoint. You can see the cluster usage distributions become more balanced as the disk scaling process become to evade a pause. So it's just too early. So we consider deploying to production. However, our SRA teams raise several concerns about the disk carrier and reject the low-out. Their concerns is quite valid. For example, they point out the neural network is a breadboard, with the behavior there are hard to predict and evaluate in worst-case scenarios. They also express concerns about the new systems type protocol has more bugs and question how we can issue appropriate downgrade if the reinforced learnings approach fed. This lead to us to refer our implementations on reinforced learning schedule. Indeed, it introduced additional ways for our users. After several rounds and discussions with our SRA team, we desire a safe deployment stage as shown in this diagram. We run both reinforced learning disk carrier and loop-based disk carrier concurrently. We add extra components to evaluate and select the best decisions from both. We also set up assistance to reject invalid disk carrier requests. If the reinforced learning disk carrier become unstable or crash, we automatically forbid to the loop-based disk carrier. This approach gives us room to improve our reinforced learning disk carrier while issue the stability of our Kubernetes clusters. After deployment, we collect the data on the disk carrier trajectories for both disk carrier and compare their defense to identify the issues with the new reinforced learnings disk carrier. This helps us improve our reinforced learning occurrences when training the agents for better future performance. Now we have deployed our new new reinforced learning disk carrier to a production cluster with 100 nodes. Moving forward, we plan to expand its coverage. However, there are still runs for the improvements. Currently, the initial hyperparameter scores such during agents training is quite time consuming. We are exploring the use of imitation learnings to reduce this. We also see some research in these areas haven't applied to our trainings. Other areas could be improved is that our framework to continuously utilize production data. We also plan inclusive with SLA and other dimension in the observation and reward space. As our cluster service with different latency SLA sensitives, as we expand to more production clusters, we end to accommodate this need and issue our disk carrier satisfy the scenarios. We also consider replacing the backbone of neural network to attention-based neural network to see whether we can achieve better performance. Okay, that concludes today's presentation. Thank you all for your attending. The day after tomorrow, we will have another session that use machine learnings for time series forecasting to optimize resource utilization and reduce cost. You can check out by scan the QR code here and look it forward to meet everyone there again. Thank you again for your attendance today. Okay.

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BHARAT | Salman Khan | Katrina Kaif | Trailer REACTION!

Here is our Reaction to the Trailer for Bharat! #Bharat #SalmanKhan THANKS SO MUCH TO OUR EXTRA JUICY PATREON SUPPORTERS HANOZ NAVDAR Be a patron for us and support more videos like this! https://www.patreon.com/OurStupidReactions If you would like to send us something 18960 Ventura Blvd. #76 Tarzana, CA 91356 Korbins Personal Youtube page- https://www.youtube.com/user/KorbinMiles Ricks personal Youtube Page- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBH1... Korbin Miles - https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4716836/?... Rick Segall - https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0781848/?... For Business - [email protected] Follow OurStupidReactions On FACEBOOK & TWITTER: FB: https://www.facebook.com/ourstupidpod... TWITTER: https://twitter.com/STUPIDREACTIONS

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Come back barat, Barat Obama! Back to our stupid reactions, idiots. I'm Corbin, and this is Rick! It's really barat. We made a boo-boo. Please follow us on Instagram! Oh, juicy content! Thank you to everybody's supporters on Patreon. We appreciate it. It's fantastic. We love you. Better, better. All those funds are going to our first trip to India. Funds for fund in India. Also, I haven't mentioned this on the channel yet. We did set up a PO box. If anybody wants to send us... People have asked us for an address to send us stuff. We're not asking you to send us anything. Well, I am. You should send Corbin, Hajmola. Don't do that. But this is just for the people that want it. So, just letting you know, it's in the description below. So, Barat, the official trailer came out with Salman Khan and Katrina Kaaf. Yup. And I believe... Not to be confused with Katrina Kapoor. And I believe Tipu as well. Oh, wow. Yeah, Tipu's going to be in here? No, she isn't. She is? Rock and roll. And yeah, we know it's Tipu for those of you who... Yes. But this is... We've actually reacted to the teaser like two months ago. We did? It was actually a shock to me. I totally had forgotten. But then I... Well, we're still searching. And then it came up and I was like, oh! Yeah, I think it was one of the first ones, actually. It came out. Wow. Yeah. We totally forgot about it. That's the great thing about having memory loss is that you can just watch the trailers over and over and over again. But yeah, there's Salman Khan. Here. V. The Go. Oh yeah, I remember this teaser now. Because it was like the Daredevil. Right. I remember now, too. Yeah, we were talking evil, couldn't even. Right. I remember now, too. Yeah, we were talking evil, couldn't even. Yeah. There's a good song. Obviously is another word for India. I guess. I believe that's what we learned in the last one. I remember in the comments they said Barat is an old name for India itself. Like Hindustan. Yeah. This is a... He looks like he has a lot of jobs. Yeah. Does it span a long time? I didn't quite understand. I think so. The teaser gave it like it was an evil, clean, evil thing. Right. Which I guess could have been one of his jobs. I don't know how long this spans because it looked like he was a Daredevil. He looked like he was a minor. It looks like he was like... It's a lifetime. It looks like a lifetime. An activist. Yeah, it looks like it goes from his early 20s and maybe younger to his 60s. I don't know. Yeah. I'm a little confused by a couple things. First of all, where's Taboo? How do you not... If she's in this, why do you have a legend like her not in the trailer? I mean, Salman Khan is technically a much bigger star than she is. True, but she's a legend. I'm not saying she's not. So it's like, how do you not... But she might just be a small supporting... Yeah, but if we had Morgan Freeman in a film as a supporting role, you're not doing a trailer without Morgan Freeman. Sometimes. Sometimes. And I really don't know what this is about. Yeah, neither do I. I mean, it was a good trailer. It didn't draw me in. Like, oh, gotta see it. I mean, I'll be willing to see another trailer and be like... No, I've got like 50 films that we already need to watch that would be way ahead of me. But yeah, it didn't... So he is... Oh, it's an adapted... It's an adaptation of a 2014 Korean film. Okay. Yeah, she is in it. She is in it. Was she there? And she was just such a shapeshifter. I completely missed her. No, no, no. I mean, it's not her film. So it's like, it's a sound and thought film. Yeah, it's true. So it's gonna be mostly him on this film. I thought, okay, until what looked like a mining accident, right? Yeah, it looked like it. And then when that happened, I thought, okay, this is gonna be the meat of the movie. We're gonna get to know this guy and he's gonna have some like massive experience with this mining accident that's gonna be like the nations drawn together about... But then it kind of went off almost the way a lot of some of the trailers we've seen from South India don't really give you a through line really. So I don't even really know what I'd be going to see other than the guy's connection to his country. No, I mean, he has other films like the one that already tells us to watch of his... What is it called? What is it called? It's Two Bees. This one? Two Bees. Oh, Bajrangi Bajjan? Yeah, that's the one everybody says the right of. Well, and it has like a deep message to it. And I think... So maybe this one also has like some deep message that we just don't know because of cultural differences? It's the cultural. My supposition is that he is 100% doing this for the targeted audience of India. And there's a lot in this. We'll probably get a lot of stupid baby messages saying, yes, here's what you need to know. And if you knew that, then your interest in this would be sky-high. But since we don't, our interest is low. So that doesn't mean I won't see it. Yeah, you're going to have to let us know what's going on. Yeah, what's going on without spoilers. I mean, that's a tough one. But yeah, I mean, people have said he has some really, really good films and some really, really not so good films. Dude, he's as beefy as he could possibly be in this. Yeah, he is. Dang. He is freaking good. That dude's been taking us on a creatine and some weight gain and probably bench pressing 450. Yeah. Dang. So it was interesting. It wasn't bad. It just didn't excite me. It didn't, like, wow us. Like when that Kabir Singh came out with Shree Kapoor. That looked really, really good and I really wanted to see it. Yeah. This didn't have any of that, like, ah! That didn't have the Zing factor. So, you know, that might have just, it might be a great film. Yeah. And it's just we weren't drawn in by the trailer. And hey, if it's the thing where, yeah. It's not a student of the year two trailer. We're not saying that. Not by any stretch. No. It looks like it could be a good film. Right. We don't know and it didn't, like, ugh, like have that amazing... Which reminds me of a lot of the films that we were early on not exposed to, like Kasari. We didn't know anything about Sikhs. We didn't know anything about that history and it was like that was great action, though. That was a great trailer. Yeah, that had a really good effect. Yeah. That's probably not a good exam. No.

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IAS Pratyush Pandey Detailed Preparation Strategy | UPSC 2019 Topper Interview With AK Mishra

Watch IAS Topper SPratyush Pandey Detailed interview who secured All India Rank (AIR) 21 In UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE) Result 2019. He shared his success journey in an episode of Success Speaks with Success Guru AK Mishra. He is an alumnus of IIT and IIM and clear UPSC second attempt. Whatever tips he followed, the routine he followed to crack this exam, he shared everything. We heartily congratulate Pratyush Pandey on this superb success and wish him all the very best for his future achievement. #upsc #PratyushPandeyIAS #toppersinterview #upscinterview #iasinterview #upsc2019 Subscribe Chanakya IAS Academy: https://www.youtube.com/c/chanakyaiasacademy1?sub_confirmation=1 Subscribe Success Guru AK Mishra Sir : https://www.youtube.com/c/SuccessGuruAKMishra?sub_confirmation=1 UPSC Civil Services Seminar By AK Mishra Sir https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdznMqCHz3s&list=PLLooM6X0B54yqfFpKmy8Kr6ByqpwV0Asr Daily Current Affairs https://chanakyaiasacademy.com/current-affairs Register For IAS Mock Interview https://chanakyaiasacademy.com/ias-mock-interview Register For IAS Prelims and Mains Test Services https://chanakyaiasacademy.com/test-series/prelims Chanakya IAS Academy Online Live Classes https://chanakyaiasacademy.com/online-classes/upgraded-foundation-courses UPSC Syllabus https://chanakyaiasacademy.com/upsc-syllabus Civil Services Interview Guidance https://chanakyaiasacademy.com/courses/ias-mock-interview IAS Preparation Booklist https://www.chanakyaiasacademy.com/booksgallery.html Free Study Material For UPSC Preparation https://www.chanakyaiasacademy.com/student-resources Download Chanakya IAS Academy Learning App: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=in.testpress.chanakya Our Website: https://chanakyaiasacademy.com Contact Number: +91-888-212-0000 Email Id: [email protected] #upscpreparation #iaspreparation #iasexam #upscexam #civilservices #ias #upsctopper #iastopper #topperstalk #upsccse #upscprelims #upscmains #civilservicesexam #upsctips About Chanakya IAS Academy: Chanakya IAS Academy is the leading institute in providing UPSC training to candidates all across the country. Chanakya Academy has trained thousands of candidates to achieve their dream of becoming an IAS, IPS, IRS, IFS Officers. The Academy provides complete solution for all 3 stages, i.e., Prelims, Mains as well as interview. A.K. Mishra, founder of Chanakya IAS Academy. Arun Kumar Mishra, fondly called “Success Guru” A.K. Mishra by his students, is the founder and director of Chanakya Academy for Education and Training Pvt. Ltd. Follow Chanakya IAS Academy Social Media For More Updates: Facebook- https://www.facebook.com/chanakyaiasacademy Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/chanakyaiasacademy Twitter - https://twitter.com/iaschanakya #ChanakyaIASAcademy #IASAcademy #AKMishra #ChanakyaAcademy

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Hello Prithyus, I welcome you to this program success speaks and congratulate you on securing your all India 21 rank in civil service exams in 2019. It's a grand success and in a very first attempt that is something superb you have done it right. Prithyus I would like to do something as your background of your education and family which could help the audience to get connected with you so please say something about yourself. I completed my schooling from New Delhi in Sanstiti school and after that I did bachelor's in civil engineering from IIT Kanpur after which I pursued my MBA from IMAHEMDAPAR and I graduated in 2019 in the same year in which I gave the civil service exam. Both my parents are also government servants. Very good it means that you graduated in 2019 in the same year you appeared in the exam also. It means that you already had some plan that I have to appear in the exam. I decided this with my second year in IMAHEMDAPAR so like at least for me I didn't have one single childhood goal that I knew I this is something I have to do I've changed my mind a lot of times yes and when I finally made I interned with the Clinton foundation in IMAHEMDAPAR and I had a lot of public policy courses in my second year and after that I decided that I'll sit for the exam. So Prithyus as you said that I changed my mind many times. So first there must be some aspirations in the school that what to do what to think about that. So I changed a lot in fact when I was small I loved tennis. I played for 10-12 years so I used to sometimes think that I will pursue a tennis player career but when I finally did the rigorous coaching then I saw that all the material was removed from the game so I changed it then I thought maybe the army or law in both of them and then I thought environmental engineering and the same thought process I had given civil engineering in IIT Kanpur. I found out that transportation engineering is actually more fun than civil in the environmental engineering. And then I went to the economics interest in MBA also. But all through, since your parents have been in government servant, right? So in the government servant and so in the good railway services and also in the archivalent services. So naturally exposure is the first thing that will happen in the family. So have your parents never entered into it or forced you to do it or not? Because you are talking about a lot of sports. Have you ever been in the military? So when I was in IM, when the placements started, then on the other side, I told them to sit on the placements, don't leave the consultancy or banking. They can say I didn't want to go in that direction. There was no pressure or anything. So I think I should take like this, that you were given full freedom by your parents to make a choice of your career. I would do like my career, so I wouldn't let anyone else choose for me. So you had a very independent thinking on that, that your choice. So it's very wonderful. Finally, it happens in different ages, in different people's aspirations. But finally, you took your all decision with a lot of clarity that I have to go to civil services. And where the engineering background is also there, the economics background. So if I can add one more thing, when I was thinking, I thought about foreign service, but only in IM, I realized that all my previous background, everything is environmental, transportation, management, economics, like I would get the best chance in administrative service to make use of everything. This is a very good clarity, but you have made it clear that not even the choice of civil services, but the choice of a service, that I have to go from IFS to IS. So the choice that came in your mind, it was a desire to go to Indian Foreign Service. But you have made the choice of IS, especially you said that, but I still want you to clear the audience a little about the choice from IFS to IS, what were the thoughts and decisions that influenced you? So my mother's take to foreign postings has been done in Sweden and Russia, so I went there and I think because of that, foreign service inclination was because of that exposure. Plus, again, this was linked to the management that diplomacy, negotiation, they had done a lot of courses on it and it was fun. So it was just a choice that both are good, but what do I have to do? And I realized that all the subjects that I liked the most in engineering, in management, that I will get the chance to make the most use of them, probably in administrative service. I think this is a personal choice, that everyone should think about what suits them the best. Different people will have different choices. Temperament is important. That's why given the UPSA has given an option to you, that you can take your preference of services on the basis of merit, that you have to choose 1, 2, 3, etc. That is very, very important. Right? That is very important. So naturally, curiosity comes in that the civil service examination that you completed in a year and after that, you will appear immediately after your graduation, so a preparation and your first clarity was not that I had to go there first or go to foreign service. So it is very interesting to know that when you got the idea of civil services, finally, and when did you start it? So like I said, it came in the second year, but at that time I didn't get much free time in the load of a lot of courses. So when I finally decided, I saw that a lot of people just started preparing immediately, without understanding what was going on. I believe that by making a decision, time is the most precious thing. Don't go into an exam without thinking about what you have to do in it or you will waste precious years of your life. So an example can be that when someone tells me to watch this movie or this book, I suddenly don't want to watch it because I know that there will be an investment of a few hours in it. I first watch it and then I decide that I don't want to waste it. In this exam, I have to invest a few months of my life, so I won't go like this until I'm sure I know what the demands and what's the best way to go for it. This means that it is very clear that you are very conscious about time and you first decide that whatever time we are going to put, whether it is a picture or not. So my investment of time is worthwhile or not. That is very cool. Right? So when you took the initial decision about civil services, how did you make the first, second, third step in this process? So before making a decision, don't close this much. There are so many things you can do. It is not necessary that you have to carry this. When you see everything around you, then consciously compare yourself to your personal decision. What do you want from life? What are the different carriers open to you? Once this is one decision, once you have decided, then don't keep going back and questioning it. Once that decision has been made, then get on to the next step, which is now you have decided how to achieve it. So these are separate questions. So this is the career condition. Now how do we achieve it? Let's start from here. How did you start your strategy to achieve it? So when I think last one and a half months in college, I didn't start reading books. I was just watching blog posts online because there is so much content and so much misinformation that if you don't know what you are doing, you can go on the wrong path and because of that, you lose your years. So first, the most important thing is that understanding the exam. Is it a generalist exam? There is no need for more specialist knowledge to clear the exam. Then what is the best way to go forward? The minimum number of books to read, what is the content, what is relevant, what is relevant. I think you get clarity by spending time and thinking about yourself. I have written a lot in detail in my blog that what exam demands, what needs to be done and I will clear one more misconception that time and time are not proportional. It is not necessary that someone has one or two years to clear the exam and someone has six or seven months to clear the exam. This is a misconception. Okay, now I want to explain a little bit about the audience because you are talking in wonderful points. First of all, you said that what you have to do is to clear the exam first. So you decided about your career and very clearly that first of all, the service condition, foreign service and then it must be precise that you have to go to Indian study service. Because of this, first of all, the attitude of further finishing and development starts around that I have to go to IIS. So what is the use of your studies in the IIS? The second thing you said is that in place of jumping on the floor, because there is a lot of information overload. There are a lot of materials, there are a lot of networks, there are a lot of blogs, everything is there. In such a situation, first you did, you went to know the experiences of the previous stoppers. What did they do? And then you definitely might have identified your sources of study that I have to do this much and because you just said that this is not a specialized study, it's a very generalist and UPSC has given 10 plus two syllabus for GSNC said and said one obstacle subject to the ratio level. So there is no need to do MN, PhD in any of the subject and to read a lot of voluminous books and do a lot of things. So that's why future aspirants should be clear from your discussions that you have to be very clear on that. Right? Now the time management you are talking about is very important. Because you are talking about time, because the time in every person's life is the biggest thing, its investment, because money can come in, but time is money. Actually time is the person's consciousness is very important. So especially in relation to civil services, you have been traveling for 21 years. First tell me what was your average study hours and what was your normal routine of 24 hours? What did you do? So tell me your schedule, I didn't follow anyone's schedule because I had my own schedule. So I believe they vary for every person. I used to sleep for 7, 7 and a half hours from 11 to 6.30. In the morning I used to go to the gym for 2, 2 and a half hours because that's one hobby that I don't leave for any shift. So after that breakfast or a small nap, roughly 10.30 I would have the day to myself. If you look at it, 10.30 to 11.30 is 13 hours. It doesn't mean that you have to study for 13 hours. It means that from 13 hours, I would take anywhere between 6 to 10 hours of study, eat something, read a book or recreation. Again it's not important that the more you study, the better marks will come. This is something I had learned in my knowledge that time and result is not always proportional. I would aim for anywhere between 6 to 10 hours. Perhaps 8 hours of average would have been 10 days. It would have been 6 to 10 hours. I don't think it's essential, but if it helps, if someone thinks they can do more, it's up to them. I would say just make the best use of the time you put in. Self-care, gym and exercise. That is a very powerful thing you started with. When you defined that you have to sleep at 7.30 to 7.30, your time would be decided that you have to sleep at 11.30 and you have to go to bed at 6.30. This is clear because there are many students who make a mistake in their sleep time. They cannot manage their energy level because of that. When you have less sleep, you will have stress, depression, anxiety, because your energy cycle is disturbed. The biggest thing is that memory will be sluggish and low because you didn't give time to process your mind. You are not giving process time. So subconscious mind takes care when you are completely at rest and then processes everything. So that is one thing very important. Secondly, for the whole day, your confidence has increased that I have taken care of myself, I have gone to the gym and I have taken breakfast. Very good. Your gym was your hobby, right? Yes. So the hobby is very important because it recreates you, regenerates you. And that keeps you happy that I am able to spend time for myself. You will do the same in your job. But you have a very interesting time. You have to take a nap at 10.30 and then you are ready. And then you are saying that you are an average of 6 to 8 hours. Because it is 11.30 in the night. You have taken out which is going to be nearly 13 hours, right? So in the time of 13 hours, you study at average 8 hours. So even then, 5 hours depends on you when you have to take a rest, after 2 hours take a rest, after 3 hours take a rest. You don't have to worry about your energy. You don't have to worry about food. Anything you can do, right? And then you have to recreate yourself. You just said that we have to do some extra reading, light reading. So that is a very, very powerful thing you have done. Now overall, because you have been stressed from time to time and your style tells that you are not having any stress. You are going very stress free study. So how do you manage stress? Just a little bit more. So one thing I think that a lot of people take stress is that they start comparing with others. Which I have noticed in college, a lot of people do. That no one will be happy with their placement until they know what others are getting. So I think this is a very foolish thing. So I have seen the exams as well. If the rest of the people read these books, I too have to read these books. There is nothing like that because there is no syllabus prescribed. I would recommend that don't try to compare and copy anyone else. You have to focus on yourself and don't get stressed that you have been preparing for so many years. That has no relevance on whether you will clear the exam or not. If you will focus on yourself, you will use all your energy on yourself. I have noticed that throughout my college, not just for exams, everything becomes very effortless. Whatever you have said, you have said that you should run in your faith. Run in your own faith and when you have faith in yourself, even if the whole world doesn't trust you, it doesn't matter. But if you don't have faith in yourself, even if the whole world has faith in you, then you won't get anything. So first of all, respect for yourself, love for yourself. And then you are unique. So nobody has to copy, it is okay to learn for reference. We learn from the people who go to the temples. But your style is your own routine. So what is coming from your experience is that one should identify what is your weakness and strength. And where the weakness is corrected, the strength should be projected more. And work on it, not copy anyone else. That is very good. Anything you would like to add on that? So I like reading. There is a western philosophy, Stoicism, which has helped me a lot. And it is the same thing that external things keep happening. But internal response is on us. Like if something, let's say laptop crashed, all the work is deleted. This is external. This is not control over me. But if I am worried, I will get angry. This is on me. I don't have to simply react to what is happening. I don't need to react blindly. I have so much control that I can choose. And this is also in Gita, Nishkamp Karm's disinterested action, which I think is the best, the single best idea, which has helped me. If you enjoy the process, you do it for fun. Then the result comes on itself. Like I said, when I was in college, my grades were not that good. When I finally internalized it from my second year, the more time I was reading, the less I did. Almost nothing. And my grades were getting better. The exam is the same thing. Those who have the same thing. If you forget the results, then they come on themselves. I think it works everywhere. Nishkamp Karm, if you will always be focused on the result, it should be a goal. But to reach the goal, the action, the process, you have to enjoy the entire process. And you have to be focused on the process. Otherwise, whatever you see, whatever your stress and tension has resulted in, mentally you are not there. You have to enjoy the power of now. You be there with the action plan. But you have talked about two great philosophies. Have you read it as a person? Yes. Have you talked about Tolstoy and Bhagavad Gita? These are very, very powerful philosophies. Right? These are two great philosophies. You have to understand this philosophy in such a young age. And you don't have to understand it in your life. It is very attractive. So after Tolstoy and what you have also talked about about Bhagavad Gita, did you study it yourself or did you guide it? How did you internalize it? I studied it myself once. After being injured, when I was bedridden for two months, I was very worried at that time. Because for me, being active is the most important thing. If I don't do anything, then I think I get stagnated. At that time, I accidentally had a chance on the meditations of Marcus Aurelius. After that, this was my introduction to Stoicism. And then there are other books on this topic, like Seneca and the Man's Search for Meaning, Power of Now. And I also read the English translation of Bhagavad Gita. I also saw that both East and West give the same message in their own way. Very appreciable. You read all the things in your mind. And you are talking about Power of Now. That's a very powerful book. You have done a very good thing. What did you say that your health will deteriorate this time? What happened? In fact, a lot has happened. A foot fracture, a back injury, an appendix, an operation. I will give you one example. If I talk about the gym, the results that you achieve in five years disappear in one injury in three to four days. If you run after the results, this is demoralizing. But if you don't care about the results, then you can bounce back easily. I would say that both books and weight lifting have taught me this. So you had an injury in your back injury? Yes. You had an injury in the gym? Yes. Okay, then you have to learn this. You have to maintain your consistency. You don't have to be aggressive. That will create a problem. Similarly, appendix, so that everything, that is very, very good. So this way, in your personality, one thing is very clear. You are knowing how to make best investment of your time, how to manage your stress, and because of that, you have studied most of your speech, and best of the books for your self-development and care also. That is very, very good. Now, you have to learn how to manage your time and stress. Now, you have to learn from where to start, the fundamental clarity of the books. When your syllabus is clear, you have decided that you have to prepare and I will have my own strategy. So what were the initial readings from where you started? So when you start, when you look at the top of the blogs, there are a lot of books that are common, like, let's say, Luxbury Khan's Spectrum. Some people also suggest different books. In every case, I saw a minimum number of resources, because one thing is different. When I read a book of politics, 90 to 100% of the content is new for me at that time. So, let's say, in every hour, I am not learning anything. Now, if I read another book, it will be 10 or 20% new. So, the return on time is very bad in this case. So, the idea was that the minimum number of resources and there is no such thing as a resource compulsory, that you have to read this book. If I had seen that some of the books that were commonly suggested to me, I didn't like to read them. I felt that there was no value. So, I replaced them with lesser known sources. But, you know, the material is almost moral. It's the same. There are no prescribed syllabus. So, don't waste so much time on these things, that you have to read this book, that you have to read this book. The one that suits you is the best. The important thing is that you keep your syllabus in front of you. Keep your questions in mind in the last year. Then, from the book, you feel that it is convenient. It feels like an interest development, which can be in shiiti books on those papers, which could be in a standard book, like Lakshmikanth and others, anything can be there. So, because of this, you chose the one that you think that it would help me to give clarity, not just randomly chose. That is correct? Yes. The previous year paper is the best guide. You can see that which topics have more questions. That is, the environment, economy, modern, history, quality, and some topics are not that important. Because at the end of the day, the material can be infinite, if you read it like that. But memory and time are not infinite. And all facts are not equally important. So, according to this, you should devote your energy. And again, keep in mind that I am not doing a PhD and there is no need to know everything. I would say that in the previous year, you should not read for 200 marks because there are always such questions like a question about Tansen in my year. It will not be available in the book. If you read it, it will take a lot of time. So, basically, limited source, clarity of the things there. And accordingly, you have to complete it so that your syllabus can be completed. Then, as per the question, you keep improving yourself and additionally, you keep advancing from a standard book. And when you pick up any book, you should see that you are getting something from it. Am I spending my time well? If there is no return, then there is no need to read that book. You should discriminate all the time whether you are getting something from this book or not. It is not that if someone says that then they ask you subject-wise about how your fundamental reading works. I want to ask you about history and what is your main source in culture? History of art and culture, I have seen that ancient or medieval, art and culture is the only thing. Dynasties and wars are very rarely asked. If they are asked, they are mainly major dynasties or major dynasties. It is a very bad use of time to run after a small thing. I had seen that this was a book of Nitin Sanghanya but I didn't like that book at all. So, I searched and I found a previous year top of Nitin Sanghanya and I felt much easier reading it even though it was recommended but I felt it was much simpler and I used it. It should also be noted that in art and culture specific topics like Buddhism Buddhism and even other religions temple architecture, literature are more important. You should discriminate. What did you think about Nitin Sanghanya and the topic of notes mostly about it and the NCRT reading as a story it didn't take much time. You read the NCRT book and also the NCRT notes. I think 11th or 12th would be enough. What about geography? So, geography I don't enjoy that subject because the concepts like disasters and tectonics are not very interesting but in fact like this is in this country I didn't like it. I saw the papers and I felt that it is not very important so you don't need to put too much effort so NCRT was very selective mostly disasters, cyclones or crops these things which are actually asked and the irrelevant topics which I felt a lot I didn't use them similarly I thought a book, G.C. Lyon was recommended but I found it very heavy I realized that geography is not so important especially there are selective topics like if you look at it in 2019 and it was OceanMars these are a little conceptual I had focused more on them I was prepared that if one came I could leave them in pre-limbs You saw that geography is not very comfortable so you kept it on a second line you didn't keep it on the first line because every subject you couldn't be a master and it wasn't that important the more questions how much probability you get later you can say if you have time I mean there are a lot of questions in geography you can discuss some issues but if you have a fundamental clarity then you can manage that what about sociology although you have an optional we will talk about it but if you have social issues sociology and G.S. paper are very similar in fact if you write the same answer but the question was how to make the answer sociological so I decided that I will quote the name of sociological thinkers and make it sociological even though the same point is written in G.S. let's say migration same point is written in sociology we put the name of sociological thinkers according to this thinker where there are no examples of thinkers we will not talk about sociology we will talk about it we just talked about G.S. then we will talk about it we were talking about social issues from a journalist's point of view we were talking about social issues in which way the subject whose sociological background is not there what would you suggest for them? I would say if you look at the headlines there are many social issues easily recall like the George Floyd protest in the youth stage racism, marginalized section whatever headline you see they can easily be linked on social issues like Fridays for Future or Greta Thunberg and youth active climate change it works in such a way especially in the current discussion that can be very useful now let's talk about your own experience in politics and governance in constitution what is your base study of books? I thought I will start with NCRT but I saw it very soon that it already knows what is the concept I went to Laksvikan and I think most of the almost everything was covered I think that is one book which I would say unless you have a strong reason to reject it then you should use that book and you can link it with current affairs like issues like anti defection or article 142 all of these are covered in current affairs you can link Laksvikan or any other book current affairs is very repeated anti defection all of these come every year I have started our weekly current affairs program in the name of R1 we have uploaded a discussion on special anti defection because the question is repeated now the purpose of this program is to so that the student gets a lot of information what happened in the last one week plus one topic which is the main point of view you should know you will be invited to that discussion an international relation which is a subject in two main points so you have done some special studies and what you want to suggest I will tell you in a brief that this slightly prelims point of view is a little bit important but it is covered in current affairs for example the protests in Belarus so if you are looking from the point of view of prelims you should know where Belarus is on the map which country is their neighbouring this is international this is the main point of view international affairs was interesting for me that's why I had thought of a preference so this is a very easy topic because although it comes in the newspaper but actual content doesn't change it changes very slowly if you take Indo-US ties H1B visa, intellectual property tariffs you don't have to work so hard you can easily get topics from one source they can they can link history with anyone for example when you ask about Indo-US it becomes a good introduction to all these democracies so they will think holistically about the past present issues and future potential it's not a very difficult topic again the audience who are listening tell us Indian foreign policy today I am going to make a video an ambassador and a presently currently serving officer who is also going to have a discussion with Nepal Indian foreign policy right from the beginning from the point of view of our H1B program the next episode is going to be there the current is very important and this is a very interesting topic that what is going on in the world what is happening with each other and there is a kind of very interdependent relation also all over the world today and in today's world it is not just the military superpowers it's a lot of cultural exchange economic exchange so in today's world the international relations have become very important especially when we are looking at the corona how the whole scenario of international relations is changing one has to keep interest of that Prathish, do you want to say anything? I will add one more thing that if I have used all my answers in the sub-dimension of the frameworks in the international relations in the economic, cultural, political international organizations if you will keep it in mind then under every dimension you can easily remember one or two points by writing that answer if you will only remember 15 or 20 points India, Pakistan, India, US it gets very hard if you will break it under these fields then you can easily remember 3 or 4 points on every topic what is interesting is that you have given a very good attention to the questions they define it in their own way like we talk about WHO or that there are a lot of economic forums cultural exchange forums they talk about it there are different units of the United Nations so the things that students have to keep in mind so the dimensions of international relations will be getting more clarity what is all the development happening in this respect there are some topics which are not highlighted in the course material but let's keep it in mind the psychology environment for this you have done something different and it was all based on current affairs if you will look at the feelings then the ecological environment is a very important topic because it is very heavy in fact I would say that in the term of Mars in 2019 in the old papers they always they always have a static component like wildlife act environmental protection act and a current component especially the current component is very important the current doesn't mean that one year or two years the current means holistically if you will look at the changes of EIA so now EIA is changing the old EIA and the old environmental protection act that also gets included in the current because the issue doesn't start it doesn't end similarly if you look at the plastic issue then there was a question in 2019 and this issue was also in the news repeated by 2020 to India saying single-use plastic phase out was also happening in the U.N so with one issue you can find other skills and focus on what is important keep in mind historical perspective because environment it is going on what is going on in that what are the steps taken what have you done and if you want to suggest any sources for this current affairs in the news compilations most of it happens I can't remember the static but I think I think the notes used in this mostly because if you look at the topic of static it is very generic what is pollution harm everyone knows the ideas of tackling pollution are very common it is just a little specific what are the acts the information used in the prelens will be written in the main answers so preparation becomes very easy so this is also something related to currents again now talking about economy let's talk something economy your interest in economy is also a product of IM what is the requirement in economy is it economics something theoretical or it is just relevant to the working of economy so microeconomics so I think it is not relevant for the exam I don't think I have seen any question macroeconomics I have seen that in the prelens there is a question but there is a high probability that the money supply has an impact this is conceptual it has an understanding then there is no effort since my economic background was very familiar then there is no effort then in the economy you have to link with current affairs how in the 19th paper you will see the bank board bureau inter creditor agreement it is linked with governance again it was not especially for prelens it was economic news for the mains there is no economic theory economic theory is not so important like mostly it is about what is going on in the country's economics working of economy but how things are in different sectors but as such economic theory there is no mind in it what this means is that there are policies programs what we are taking up in 5 year plans what changes are going on in the economy in the industry in the banking in the culture sector what is the main process and from issues fiscal deficit GDP growth but specifically the Keynesian theory I think it all came together but it was less important they get an idea when they learn a lot they don't have much time and current issues we are talking about NPA we are giving interesting information last week we uploaded a full discussion on NPA about what is NPA classes I have also called two bankers as well as the technical in recent to we have talked about it so we invited two retired senior officers of the bank basically the idea is that the current and the burning issues they are going to be very relevant if we talk about NPA then like a generalist there is no need to know what are NPA what are NPA why are they happening why are they harmful how can we stop them if you break your 250 words preparation gets very easy you don't need to memorize your preparation will get very fast generalist view which is looking more as a civil servant rather than an economist as a civil servant what will be your dimensions and the subjects are very interrelated they are not very separated because the issues and problems there is no vertical thinking there should be original thinking and there should be inter-disciplinary thinking which is very very important general science means science and technology so overall science and science and technology what was your experience and what would you like to say for those who don't have a science background science and technology I felt this was one of the best topics because it is very conceptual if you don't have a topic because you can come to the right answer if you are thinking a little from that point some issues science and technology are very in which comes in every year gene editing, so gravitational like breaking it not that every invention needs to be read by a university it is not absolutely required important and some topics related to science related to biology environment, space should be focused more on them means not to read all the news which is important which keeps repeating in the news not that a random university made a new invention will remember that material gets infinite basically the current situation is more in discussion and previous year paper was right because paper 2 and paper 3 in general studies it gets extraordinary when we are discussing it in internal security in chapter 3 we will discuss what are the expectations of the candidates and what is the source you would like to suggest for internal security I think I got some notes on google of the second administrative reform commission I used it but there are many topics which have already been heard situation in Kashmir North East these are limited topics specifically from google or from any compilations on specific topics if we read them separately we get specific points what new operations North East play question operation sunrise if you will write less generic I think it helps for main skill you can link internal security you know that internal is not always internal and I would recommend to use maps on these topics because making maps adds value to the answer international relations and internal security gives a lot of scope to show maps don't lose this opportunity after this paper 4 this is a different nature this is integrity aptitude three broad terms are used in this paper how to use these things in your administration examiner wants to see what is your value system and how to balance these things in your administration so that you don't have a lot of orthodoxy and rigidity plus integrity in service is very important and aptitude you have certain quality required which is a problem solving approach and making quality this kind of thing there but these are broad terms what should be done and how did you do this tell me the thick paper how much effort to mark this is the least effort in this paper but you can get good marks if you think about it so I would recommend take a book I think I used lexicon the definition of terms it is not necessary to give exact definition but as far as possible give it as much as you can because if everyone starts their job it becomes very hard because these terms are very big so in this paper I tried to make standard flow answers there will be an introduction if there is definition then give definition what are the values what are ethics what are morality if someone remembers a quote relevant then they can write it examples especially but examples should be strong examples preferably related to work should not be childish example someone in a school I have pened someone this means I am on this person try to make it more serious from work or if not work at least college examples and explanation again in this paper there is another difference and in other paper committees can easily cite unless it is a very pointed question then avoid it because it becomes factual it is ethical paper you have to show your ethics especially about case studies do you want to say how to develop a human for handling that case studies one thing usually one particular or maximum two values are the chiefly tested they should identify the value usually my company is doing river polluting should I stay in this company or should I leave the company what value is being tested after studying it helps to frame the answer then there are few frameworks which can be used stakeholder approach who is affected ethical dilemmas what values are being sponsored after that it is not necessary to use the same framework if you keep changing you will see a monotony then option analysis always there is not one option you have to choose one it is the hardest the whole point is people don't know easily what is ethical course of action explain all the options tell them what values are linked if I do this my value will be conflicted then best option after that this option is available then best option more importantly if you want to use this then link it with the value what are the values the chief value test link your chosen option right in this if you remember last exam you handled it would you like to discuss it one example I am not sure in this year but he is the sole breadwinner he is afraid of leaving the job in this case what are the values integrity and compassion I am polluting the city water for my living I would say introduce the case in a brief summary in this case this case involves the person working here she is the sole breadwinner whether to stay on her job or to do something about it right then what are the ethical dilemmas in this case support your family or the village the people who are affected by this help them another possibility is loyalty to the company so if you take out these two or three dilemmas then you will get options one option is do nothing do your job one option is go directly to the media complain to the police third option is raise your senior tell your colleagues fourth option is try yourself to minimize the pollution with a new efficient technology what will be the consequences of every option if I stay on my job then the people who are suffering will continue to suffer but will be able to support their family so in every option there is a positive and a negative that is why we choose options I would say when you give an answer even if this option is not successful then what I will do will be the best case if I can convince my colleagues to raise the issue and reduce the pollution but this is a very simple answer reality is very complex it is not necessary that it will succeed if this does not work then I will take up the issue with maybe the the second case will be and this is because I value doing the right thing that I cannot let other people suffer because of me so give this option value mentioned and justification if you break it then the answer will be slow the examiner's job will be easy so basically the idea is that whatever you make balance it and how convincing you will be and then ultimately it comes out that you are not in a survival mode you are doing something under compulsion which is not good for society and for this you have to make it we will keep it a little realistic not that new technology will be developed and all these issues will be solved it does not always happen so to make it a little realistic we should keep a backup option and realistic answers the entire ethics paper will be defeated right there should be more on the realistic which is really doable I want to thank the staff that they have helped us throughout the journey thank you now quickly we will talk about this all the papers we have tried a lot of subjects to get the audience to understand you have done a lot of in depth understanding from this there are 200 words both are different that is more one quotation or say a general hypothetical more facts oriented did you do anything on your own or did you take it up reading and writing are my hobbies specifically I did not prepare much beyond the courts I remember it was online in 2017 there were courts there is one thing you write 2,400 words in 3 hours and in the rest of the papers 4,000 words in 3 hours which means your speed can be less because you will make time structure without an idea that 1,200 words will be approximately unwise the same concept applies that it is a generalist not a specialist for example in 2019 it was like will AI take away jobs or create new opportunities specialist it was about in depth AI in this case you will have to cover other dimensions standard could have been economic environmental topics but if you actually look at the papers you will not be allowed to apply a standard framework in AI if you take an AI job or not it is not a social or political relevance if you apply a framework marks will probably be poor in this case just look at the framework like I did I prefer this because stories are more interesting you can do facts but facts are also an interesting way for example instead of saying 33% saying 1 in 3 is a little more interesting instead of saying 1 lakh road accidents saying 1 road accident every 15 seconds I say it all about being interesting because 1,200 words are enough if you want if you read it yourself you will have to make it interesting then break in dimension like I said artificial intelligence taking away jobs yes artificial intelligence will take away jobs no artificial intelligence will not take away jobs then one will be after these two there will be a balanced conclusion and you can write about artificial intelligence if you break it then 1,200 words easily fit how much let me tell you there is another thing that out of the syllabus books as such are very useful and I will tell you in full preparation so most of all I got a book by Yuval Noah Harari it was about artificial intelligence there were a lot of examples and I used a lot of examples in my essay so you know when it will be useful then I would say from the point of view of essay it's a good idea to read other things also extensive reading is also useful and in the syllabus you get a lot of content and there are some topics like artificial intelligence climate change, social media these are very in topics almost every year one topic will come out of them this means that you can keep some topic in your interest on what kind of topic you have to do an essay related to that maybe scientific issues maybe some philosophical issues social issues you can give more importance to these topics and the second abstract homework is not possible usually if you look at it there are a lot of standard frameworks social, political, economic personal, society, national international past, present, future but the topics that come don't fit that easily often you have to mix and match and make your own structure through questions like how I think success and courage both are needed in the lines of the key to success first again a small story that I started then I told what is success what is courage and determination are needed courage, determination, success about them why are they both needed how can you get success if you break it then it becomes an easy flow just one big block of 1200 words don't look at it very good very good how is the starting how is the middle and how is the end and if you are reading someone new then it should be fun to read something important your thought process will be meaningful you can show some disciplinary things how to select an optional is always a challenge and you are an engineer and you have taken a subject why is that I had this doubt I had 5-6 options civil engineering management both were studied both were good sociology and philosophy I used to read for interest and in fact in my undergrad I gave courses of sociology and philosophy so I thought I have to study the same thing again so I left civil engineering and management and in the end I was only thinking in sociology and mathematics what was it leaving mathematics what was it at that time I was interested in sociology when I was in college and I saw on the internet the sources of mathematics I had to collect a lot of books I didn't have time and I guess I was influenced that I had heard that it is very long so I would recommend not to talk about other things if the topic you think you can do you can read it for a few months and you can see every year if you look at the list if people have selection then it is not because of optional it is not selected you should not go to this point that if there is a lot of selection then take it overall your interest in the subject and you have provided that now tell me that you have a sociology after being a subject then clear it from a fundamental and the people who want to take sociology subject then what should be done how can they build confidence in sociology subject and take it to the level of civil services I would say there is no familiarity subject you can start with a basic book just read it you have to make not necessary notes in my undergrad I had one or two courses so I was familiar with sociology in fact what subject is that is the main thing from basic conceptual books just understand sociology specifically for content I think it is not very important that you are on this book and not on this I had seen the notes of previous year and I had seen the notes of previous year and I had seen the notes of previous year and I had seen the notes of previous year and there was not much difference more or less all the thinkers and others are in the same book whether you are reading from X or Y just basic idea and basic content tell us some fundamental books in paper one, paper two I referred to a new book for paper one and I think previous year talked with Shah Ransho note and other than that googling occasional topics which I felt I did not get you will search on google often one site yourarticlelibrary.com usually gets paper two there are two parts Indian thinkers which are quite small and the rest is just generic generic means the same content in fact almost exactly same topics come violence against women, marginalized sections different topics fashion, ecology Indian thinkers you can read the rest of the topic for that you will know the content but you have to search the name of the thinkers in this I found the solution of test series there were always many thinkers quoted in the solution of test series I saw the same point what the thinkers have said and in the exam the names of the thinkers as much as possible you mean there is no rigid source where from google you cover different topics to score well what is the basic approach because some case studies and especially we did reference you should say something sociology and GS structuring I followed a standard structure for sociology I started an introduction with a possible definition question if religion or deviance will come on a sociological topic then introduce a definition of standard sociological then explain the concept to explain as far as possible the names of thinkers as much as possible you will get a lot of functionalist, Marxist Weber, Durkheim, Robert so I tried to have maximum thinkers and if there are no thinkers then it depends on the demand of the question some questions are elaborate or discussed examples are used some positive features when analysed usually analysing doesn't mean criticising positive is also negative if you think then you will see that all thinkers are interrelated if you come to question functionalist you can use Marx or Phenomenologist to criticise them then you will know the names of the thinkers and the answer is more depth very good Pratiyush civil society personality test every candidate's ultimate goal is to reach an IES interview you gave one attempt all through and you got 21 results so first I want to know that civil society personality test that you crossed what exactly do you think that in that test what people want to see from the interview members I think both civil services as well as placements where interviewers see that can I work with this person my colleague my junior how would I feel but the thing is if they think that they will give you good numbers this is the one test the basic parameters what do they check so knowledge is not tested because knowledge has already been checked in this case I would say wisdom check wisdom means like I had asked about capital punishment so if you write in the mains the law commission report the supreme court case but in the interview give your opinion and justify it this is the wisdom but that is not your view what is your opinion how will you utilise it how can you use it let us know what you are going to do what is the psychology of an interview who was the chairman of your board Mr. Iron job right so an overall it is said that according to psychology a mindset is that we have to go to the interview like the result of the mail we have to go to the interview so what is the psychology how did you start your journey for civil services after the mains I was working to prepare for the interview and I also felt that I do not need to wait for the result of the mains I would say that if you have feelings if you have the mains if you feel that you are done then what is the need to waste time just assume that you are done you can prepare for the next stage I knew that I will get less time so I had already thought what are the topics you were confident that my interview will be done right if you are not confident just look at this either you have wasted time or think about what to do when the result came you started thinking that you have to prepare so what were you continuously doing interviews I have already given I think the least effort in this exam I would say in the interview physical effort mental effort you have to think about yourself in every interview it is true that you have to give your answers you can give the answers but it is the same thing that the board interviews a lot of people they will only have one more face if you want to be the same so there are two options either you show your face or you can wear a mask and pretend to be someone else so I have already decided that I will go into the interview and for that I have tried to give my own answers wherever possible not the standard answers which are expected which I think are expected it is not a complicated answer it is not a complicated answer which is very natural in the interview there are some other topics there are some broad categories it is personal about yourself about your hobbies about your motivation about your education it is not necessary to remember all the degrees in 3-4 years just don't go that you don't even know the basics just these are the maximum basic tests you should not go that you have only studied for degrees you have forgotten everything apart from that what cities you have lived what you are aware of then current affairs I would say job related if you are in this situation then how will you handle it in this case give a practical answer standard policies all these names are not useful for example I was asked what steps would you take to develop a district simple 3 priorities education, health care, employment and education let's say small schools when they are there it is hard to control quality but if you can aggregate then quality can improve or monitor basically practical things and then current affairs now you should understand that the main thing is not necessary for an interview and vice versa is also true for example if a democrat or a republican president better for India it is unlikely but in an interview it is possible to be asked especially if any president is ISS so time for interviews are more important but do I agree or disagree or why what is your opinion on this and the main topics are not necessary and again in the interview it is not necessary to cite all these they add value in the interview you can give a general answer you need to be very technical when you said in this experience the mock interview of Chanakya how did it help you when Chanakya's mock interview I found Chanakya's mock interview very good for two reasons one is that I was very impressed with the professionalism like I said in this talk time was kinda I don't like and I was extremely impressed that I was given a particular time over time sort of years and everything went as smoothly as possible next is the interview itself feedback was very good for me for several reasons that I got feedback I was not aware that for some questions I give a very quick answer it's better to pause even if you are sure of the answer it still gives a more reasoned sort of view that you thought about the answer apart from that I liked the fact that the interview experience was holistic in a particular field it was not concentrated I was asked current of education about degrees about studies about personal hobbies in every field there was some touch in the interview actually we have studies of last 30 years around in training the interviews as you must have seen the board members in Chanakya they are quite wide range so you will get variety of questions right so in that whole process what did you think what benefit did you get that you got saved from mistakes in the interview so two feedbacks that I liked which I used one was that don't rush to give an answer even if you are sure of the answer and the other was you should think about eye contact it is there are 5 members in the board and sometimes there is a tendency that the questions you are asking all the time the eye contact is maintained while you all should do it more especially these two points I made you thank you very much for appearing in this program today with me this program has helped many in the past and I hope you have benefited from it due to it the way you have shared your feelings and also experiences with the other aspirants of the future I will take advantage of it because it will help to make a strategy thank you very much for being a part of this program and being in the success fix program today God bless you with a wonderful career ahead ok don't forget to like share and subscribe to our channel and press the bell icon to never miss an update

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JEJUNUM ILEUM Mesenteric Artery Resection Anastomosis ILEOSTOMY – Sanjoy Sanyal – Proceum

Educational Video created by Dr. Sanjoy Sanyal; Professor, Department Chair, Surgeon, Neuroscientist and Medical Informatician in the Western Hemisphere. This video shows the detailed surgical anatomy of Small, including their differences. The specimen was harvested from a cadaver. Clinical concepts of SI loop identification, Resection-Anatomosis, Ileostomy etc. are also described. With HD close-up video, real-time narration and relevant captions, it enhances the learning experience by means of a tri-modal learning style approach - Visual, Auditory, Textual. Cameraperson was Dr. Gomattie Chunilall using my Samsung Galaxy S8 with its 8 MP rear and 12 MP front-facing cameras. She wishes you would like and subscribe to this video and channel. Your acquiescence in this regard is much appreciated! Video was enhanced by Proceum. Thank you for watching. If you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comments section below. Have a nice day!

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This is Spinecat ever I'm standing on the right side and the camera person is also on the right side So we have completely removed the small intestine from its attachment to the posterior abdominal wall The small intestine is composed of the G-genome proximal two-fifths and the alien terminal three-fifths This is about six to seven meters long when we talk of the small intestine We do not include the diodenum in that just to break up to speed the small intestine is a derivative of the midcut So therefore all these blood vessels that we see in the mid-century the small intestine That is the G-general arteries and the alial arteries at all branches of the supramacentric artery We have completely removed all the contents of the abdomen and we can see the blood vessels here This artery that I have lifted up here This is the supramacentric artery This is the artery of the midcut and the branches that we can see here These are all the colic arteries and the branches that we can see coming out in the terminal end These are some of the G-general and the alial arteries There are hundreds of them which supply the midcut this artery that we see here This is the inferior miscetric artery, which is the artery of the hind cut the G-general and the alial arteries They supply the small intestine the other arteries of the midcut Let us take a quick look at the parts of the G-genome and how they compare with the alia If you take a look at the G-genome here, you find that it is thick It is fleshy and it is pink in color in contrast If you want to take up a segment of the alium, which is located in the terminal part We notice that it is thin pale. So this is the alium That is the first important difference between the G-genome and the alium. Now, let's take a look at the miscentry I'm holding up a loop of the G-genome and we can see that the miscentry has got fat But not as much as will be present in the alium in contrast alium fat is extremely dense It's very thick and the fat miscentric fat is encroaching onto the miscentric side of the alium So that is a second difference. The third difference We have opened up the leaves of the miscentry to show you the blood vessels And if you were to look very closely in the G-genome, this is the blood vessel pattern We can see the vascular arcade here There is only one series of arcade maximum two series of arcades and then from the arcades We have these vessels running. These are referred to as the Vasa Recta So therefore, there are very few vascular arcades and the Vasa Recta are long which run to the miscentric side of the intestine in contrast We have opened up the leaves of the miscentry of a segment of the alium and again if you were to look closely We find a considerable difference. We find that the vascular arcades are many We have one series of arcades here one here one here one here Therefore, there are many series of arcades and the Vasa Recta are small and they go directly to the miscentric side of the intestine These are the Vasa Recta, which are very small. So in a nutshell in an alium Vascular arcades are many and the Vasa Recta are small Now we have opened up a segment of the G-genome and we can see a segment of the G-genome here We can see that the mucosal folds are very prominent dense and big these mucosal folds are called Plycocircularis or the valvile conventis. These are the ones which give the feathery appearance in a burial meal follow-through This is the burial meal follow-through to show this feathery appearance of the mucosal pattern of the small intestine proximal part In contrast when we open up a segment of the alium which we have done here We see that the alium is smooth. The mucosal folds are almost non-existent This is the one which has been described by Wangenstein as Characterless when we see a burial meal follow-through not seen in this dissection But if you want to take a microscopic view of the submucosa of the alium You'll find multiple collections of lymphoid tissue which are referred to as bears patches But these bears patches will be absent in the G-genome So these are the important differences between the G-genome and the alium and they help us during surgery Now let me mention a few important clinical correlations. This what you see is the masonry And the root of the masonry is only 45 centimeters extending Obligately from the tip of the tracers process of the L2 vertebra on the left side to the upper end of the sacroiliac On the right side So this is the length of the masonry and from a 45 centimeter masonry attachment 6 to 7 meters of small intestine are coiled inside the abdomen Therefore the small intestine can undergo obstruction It can undergo ischemic necrosis especially the alium because of its relatively lack of blood supply When we have a pathology of the small intestine We have to do what is known as resection and osmosis and I have demonstrated the principle of the resection and osmosis in one segment here Suppose this segment of the small intestine has become necrosed and we have to resect this first thing What we do is we make a v-shaped incision on the masonry from the Masonry side or to the root of the masonry and then we Clab and ligate the blood vessels in sections all the way from the masonry side to the root of the masonry on both The ends and then we clamp this segment of the intestine which has become gangrenous We remove it and then we anastomers this end with this end end to end anastomosis by means of staples or by sutures Which ever is available? So this is the principle of resection and end to end anastomosis of the small intestine Now let me demonstrate yet another procedure that we do in the small intestine Especially with regard to the terminal alia and that is called ileostomy If for some reason we have had to remove the colon and we have to bring out a loop of helium out to the abdominal wall and Connected to a bag that is called ileostomy here the skin has been removed But imagine the skin was present We first make an opening in the skin a disc shaped portion of the skin is removed in the region of the right leg fossa Then a disc shaped portion of this external oblique aponeurosis is removed and the internal oblique aponeurosis and through this opening We pull out a segment of the terminal alia which is exposed and that is what we are doing right now We catch hold of it with a gentle artery for sip and pull it out from here And then we turn it out and we suture the walls of the intestine to the skin like this This is called ileostomy and this projection about one inch projection that we see here is called the ileostomy spout This is connected to an ileostomy bag which collects the fecal matter So this is the principle and the principle of technique of ileostomy So these are two commonly performed procedures in the small intestine that I wanted to demonstrate to all of you Thank you very much for watching Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing out Please like and subscribe if you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below Have a nice day

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Introductory Fluid Mechanics L19 p3 - von Karman Momentum Integral Theory

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We're now going to take a look at a method of analyzing the boundary layer that was first proposed by Theodore von Karman in 1921 and this technique is one that results in an approximation for characteristics or description of the boundary layer, mainly the growth rate as well as the skin friction coefficient. And the reason why we're going to spend time looking at it is because it uses the tools that we have developed thus far in this course, an introductory course in fluid mechanics, that being control volume analysis. So what von Karman did is he applied control volume analysis to studying the flat plate boundary layer and he was able to come up with some really quite remarkable results considering the approach that he took and the fact that it really was a very basic analysis and consequently what we'll be doing is looking at that. It's referred to as being von Karman's momentum integral theory. And during this period I didn't check but I would assume that he was a professor at Aachen having obtained his PhD from Ludwig Prantl. But what he was doing here was he was analyzing the flow over flat plate using boundary layer control volume analysis using the momentum equation. And there are more advanced methods that were developed by Prantl and a student of his, Blasius, and we will look at that in a later segment. However, we don't have the tools to analyze that. For that we require an integration of the Navier-Stokes equation and that's left for a more advanced course in fluid mechanics. So what we'll be doing is using the tools that we currently have and studying von Karman's approach to the boundary layer in his momentum integral theory approach. So we're going to begin by drawing out a schematic of the boundary layer and then we'll go through and we'll apply continuity, momentum, and then we'll simplify some of the relations. Okay, so here we have a schematic of the boundary layer as von Karman studied it. And one of the things that he did, and this is a bit of a trick when you're dealing with boundary layer analysis and control volumes, he defined the control volume as going from the plate, the lower plate, he had the inlet at one, but he used the outer streamline as being one of the boundaries of the control volume. And that simplified the analysis that he was performing. So what we're going to do, we're going to begin by looking at the continuity equation and then we'll move into momentum. So we'll take a look beginning with continuity. So it was a steady flow field that von Karman was studying and consequently that term disappears. And then for the mass flux, we're turning back to our schematic, there would be mass flux coming in here and then mass flux exiting at three. And given that he put the streamline being on the upper surface and the wall on the lower, there was no mass flux on either of those surfaces. There is an unknown here, however, and that is this height h, as well as the boundary layer thickness at a given location further downstream, which would be denoted x. And so those were two unknowns, we'll just carry those through the analysis and then try to find a relation for them as we work along. And so using the technique that we have been using throughout this course, whenever we look at mass flux, coming in through surface one, it would be a negative due to the arrangement between the velocity vector and the area vector for that surface. And then for the mass flux leaving through three on the right hand side, that would be a positive, but it is an integral from zero to delta. And delta, by the way, is the boundary layer thickness. And it was the velocity profile Udy. So he performed an integral there. And with this, what we can do is we can simplify it somewhat to begin with a number of the terms cancel. So rho is going to cancel and b, rho and b. And what we're left with then, and we can move this U not h to the left hand side of the equation. So we get that. And now what we're going to do, let's isolate for h. So we get this relationship here. And we're just going to box it and leave it for a moment. We will come back to that when we do analysis with the momentum equation, which is what we're going to do next. So the next step is taking a look at the momentum equation. So what we will be doing is considering the x direction of momentum. And to begin with, on the left hand side, we have some of the forces. And so if we look back at our schematic, the only force that is going to be acting on our control volume is going to be on this lower surface here along the wall. So it's basically the drag on the wall on our control volume. And for that, what I'm going to do, I'm going to draw it a little schematic here of our plate. So this is our plate. And this is the x direction. Now when fluid flows over a plate, there's going to be a drag on the plate in this direction. And that will be our drag force D. But if we look at our control volume, and I'm just going to write out an arbitrary control volume here, there would be an equal and opposite force on the control volume. So this is going to be the drag on the fluid. And consequently, this is going to be a minus D. So we begin by writing out the momentum equation in the x direction with the minus D on the left hand side. And another thing, the time rate of change term that disappears because, again, we're dealing with steady flow. And then what we have is the momentum flux in and out. And so momentum flux in is U naught. That's the velocity there. And then again, our mass flux term being careful of the sign. And momentum flux out, we have a velocity profile there. That's the little U. And the mass flux out term is a positive due to the sign of the area vector and the velocity vector leaving at surface three. And so we obtain that. And what I'll do is I will rearrange that a little bit. So we get this equation here. Hopefully it's not too messy with my zero. Maybe I should move that. I'll put it up there. And that delta is at the top of the integral. So it should be up here. Okay, now what we're going to do, if you recall when we looked at continuity, we came up with a relationship for H. And it was an integral. But what we're going to do, we're going to pull it in and put it into this equation now. Okay, so when we bring in H, what we see is that we have an integral for both of the terms that it looks similar. It's going from zero to delta. At least that's where it's similar. And so let's continue working this equation. Okay, so if we have a length L of plate, this would be the drag force. And it's left in terms of this integral of the velocity profile going from zero to delta. We don't know what delta is. We don't know what the velocity profile is. And consequently, we do have a number of unknowns. But what we're going to do, we're going to rewrite this equation. And I'm going to make a substitution here for this term. And we're going to rewrite this equation with the substitution that I will just show you in a moment. So I have rewritten the equation. And I have this new term here theta. This theta is referred to as being the momentum thickness. And this we will call equation one. And this is the definition of this new term theta that we call the momentum thickness. It's essentially a quantification of the thickness of the shear layer, although not exactly the thickness of the shear layer. But it does give us an indication of that. So what we can do, we have this one relationship for the drag on the plate. And the drag on the plate can also be expressed in terms of the shear stress. If we go way back and look at our schematic, we have the shear stress. And so what we're going to do, let's rewrite drag on the plate by integrating that shear stress function. Right now we don't know what it is, but we will write drag in terms of the shear stress. So we'll do that here. So we have that. I'll take the derivative with respect to x. So we get that. And I will call that equation two. And now what I'm going to do is I'm going to equate this equation, equation one, with this equation here, equation two. And we'll do that in the next slide. So what von Karman was able to build by doing this analysis with an expression for the wall shear stress. And he didn't know what theta was yet. Theta is equal to an unknown. And if you recall, theta is the momentum thickness. And in order to get that, he needed to have an expression for the velocity profile more normal to the wall. He doesn't have that either. But what we'll do will make some approximations in the next segment that enable us to work towards that. But this expression here for the wall shear stress provided he does have theta, and he can take the derivative of it with respect to position along the wall. So that's going along the wall in that direction. Remember y is in this direction. It's normal to the wall. He would then be able to get to the wall shear stress, which is a very important parameter to be able to determine because that gives us the skin friction coefficient, a lot of other things. Another comment that we should make is that we have made no assumptions about the flow field if it is laminar or turbulent. So this relationship is valid for either laminar or turbulent boundary layer flow. So it's a very useful relationship. And what we'll be doing in the next segment is we're going to be zooming in on an approximation that von Karman made for the velocity profile in a laminar boundary layer. Now he probably would have relied on experimentation and a coupling between the theory and the experiments in order to come up with this velocity profile. But you'll see the beauty of the technique. He was able to come up with some very important engineering parameters using very, very basic analysis techniques, things that we've learned in this course thus far. So we'll continue on in the next segment by looking at the velocity profile assumption that he made. And then after that we'll come back to this equation and calculate parameters. The parameters we'll calculate will be delta for the displacement thickness. And we will get tau wall, which that enables us to get the skin friction coefficient as a function of possession along the wall. So that's where we're going. We'll take a look at velocity profile in the next segment.

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Quiz

Learn the basics of teaching with Moodle on learn.moodle.org

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Quiz Automatic Grading If you want to assess learners formatively or summatively with questions for which there are specified answers, Moodle's very powerful quiz enables you to do this. We can only look at a few of the features of the quiz in this screencast, but it's worth exploring more yourself and in the Moodle documentation. A quiz allows you to use different types of questions, not just multiple choice, and it also allows you to add, as here, media, images, video, sound files, as part of your questions. If we go to our course and see how to add a quiz, the first thing to note is that in the more link from the gear menu, we can access the question bank. When a quiz is created in Moodle, you create the questions separately and store them separately, so they can be reused by you in a later quiz or by your colleague in the same course in a different quiz. So if you wish, you could start by adding your quiz questions to this question bank here and then make a quiz another day. But we'll make our quiz straight away, so to do that, we turn on the editing and then in the section we want the quiz, we click Add an activity or resource. This takes us to Moodle's activity chooser. Quiz is an activity because learners interact with it. Click once to go straight to the setup screen or click the information icon for more details and then the Add button. The first thing that we do is create the front page, if you like, of the quiz. The name and the description which quiz learners will see, and if you want the description to appear on the course page, just tick the box, Display description on course page. There are many different settings in a quiz and it is worth exploring all of them. If there's anything you're not sure of, the question mark help icon gives you extra information. For now, we're just going to click Save and Display and we have a blank quiz and what we need to do is to start adding some questions, which we can do by clicking the button Edit Quiz or Edit Quiz from the gear menu. We then see Add, and if we already have questions, we could add a random question to our quiz or a particular question from the question bank, which we might have added to earlier or a colleague might have added to earlier. But we are starting anew from nothing, so let's click to add a new question. We are then presented with a list of question types to choose from, and just like with the Activity Chooser, if we click the button next to the question type, we are presented on the right with some information as to what that question type does. And note that although most of these questions are questions where you provide the answer, it is possible by choosing Essay to have learners typing an essay which we would then manually have to grade. Note also there is a description question. This isn't a question type as such, it's just a text editor into which we could add an explanation, some instructions, images, videos or sound. For the purposes of this quiz, I'm just going to add a multiple choice question. We are then sent to the setup for this particular question. We have to give it a name, although the name doesn't appear in the quiz, but it's important because it's how it would be recognised in the question bank in the future, particularly if we have a lot of questions ourselves and perhaps shared with colleagues. In the question text, that is where we type the actual question, and then when we scroll down, what we see will depend on the question type, but we'll always be able to add general feedback for any question, and then in the answers, because it's multiple choice, we add the first possible answer with the grade. None, we add none if the question is wrong, or a hundred percent if it's right, however there are, as you can see, options in between. We can give specific feedback for each individual answer, and if we want to do more than just write simple text, we can use the icons in the text editor. So again, we write in our other choices, choose the grade, and we continue. When we click save changes, we have our first quiz question, which we can preview by clicking the magnifying glass icon. So we then go on and continue adding questions to our quiz. Finally, looking at a quiz that's already been made, it's easy to change the order of the questions by dragging them up or down, and to add or remove page breaks by clicking on the icon, and we can divide our quiz up into sections as well.

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Mentorship Session: KernelCI: Travel Guide 2024

Mentor: Guillaume Tucker, Former KernelCI Chair (2021-2023) The Linux kernel is complex and so is KernelCI. Its code base is much smaller of course but the scope for testing is just as big as the kernel itself. From individual developers to large product manufacturers and from the original implementation a few years back to the current on-going developments, there is a lot to explore. Things are finally starting to shape up as issues have been more clearly identified, solutions are being designed to address the community's requirements and their implementations are well under way. Let's take a walk by all the interesting spots to see around KernelCI in 2024. First we'll fast-forward along the history trail of the project to get an idea of what took us there, then we'll stop by some noteworthy monuments such as the extent of the current test coverage and capabilities of the infrastructure. Finally we'll study the blueprints for the new API and web dashboard and take a glimpse at the on-going works in that area.

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Hello, thank you very much Candice for the introduction and welcome everyone for this Colonel CI webinar I called it travel guide 2024 to basically go through all the different parts of Colonel CI and try to Get oriented funds of orientation around it So I'll start with not really a personal introduction but more about my involvement in the in the Colonel CI project over the past few years So I started in 2017 as a contributor so I Implemented the automated bisections as support for boot testing So whenever a Platform fail started failing to boot That was detected as a regression And typically with Linux next it was very difficult to find Why that happens? So I worked on Implementing an automated bisection for that And gradually starting from there I got more involved with a project. It was still quite early days for the project So lots of things were not really in place So I had to kind of fix things myself and then I started taking on more responsibilities So then I started implementing support for functional testing So that's more than you know, not just booting but doing more things after boot it So basically running things like a self-test LTP All the you know IGT all these classic things Then the project became Colonel CI became an explanation project in 2019 and I was the chair of the technical steering committee In 2019 and Kevin Hellman was Chair of the board at the time and then the second year I was became Chair of the board as well instead of you know to take over from Kevin at that point No, it was quite interesting also because it was very much around setting things up the project has been had been Still very small and now all of a sudden it became part of the Linux foundation But I'll get into the more details of that a bit later And one of the things after that was to basically evolve. How do we? transition from the rather small project that it was before to something that will actually Deliver on what you know its mission from from an explanation project That's where the the new PI concepts came from by you know consulting different people in the Colonel community and all around Then after that I got really busy with from where support Adding support basically to run Colonel CI tests on Cromberg hardware and doing From where it's builds with the full user space and Colonel testing of course, so that took a lot of time and kind of diverted a bit in the Hocus from the you know the new EPI and the core features to really get in the Cromberg stuff Up to speed and Then yeah in 2023 So last year was really more about bootstrapping Things to actually get the new PI in place get the new web dashboard developed To go with it and created and creating a roadmap and setting things up for that to happen And then at the end of 2023 I decided to leave Colabora, so I didn't mention that but all that all these years before I've been doing this as a Collabora employee And I decided to resign from Colabora and then now I'm also Moving out of Colonel CI gradually if you want so that's the theme for me this year Well, at least the beginning of 2024 is to Plant for the succession for these things to weather the people So that's just an overview I'd like to say also if you have any questions Please ask them at any point and then at the end of each slide You know we can have a small break and answer any questions if it makes more sense to answer them While we're looking at something relevant Okay, so you have made a small drawing basically that the map For this webinar. So first we'll do a history path. I've already explained a bit of the history, but we'll kind of fast forward ten years in few minutes then places of interest that's The important things to know about Colonel CI now and then more like a and the third part It's more like a viewpoint about the future like well this year and Potential plans for the longer term So I've explained it in three parts is more to keep track keep better track of the structure and the the the webinar So this is the you know time arrow. So as you can see it started in 2014 So three years before I joined the project That's actually When the first comets in GitHub can be found or Colonel CI maybe some ideas were there before but it's basically when it started Which is exactly ten years ago Then I would say around so initially it was very very basic and It was really around the arm arm community and there were lots of things it took a long time basically to to start really Producing something useful because the it was all done by by my colon maintainers on that, you know this bad time So it took about maybe two years. I'd say until you get to 2016 and that's when there's a more like Reliable system that's doing boot testing regularly and sending emails to public mailing lists and building boots And so it keeps growing in 2016 17 18 and then in 2019. That's when it becomes a Linux foundation project And that's where there's a new initiative called KC IDB Mostly by a couple of people from red hat initially and now it's really carried by the whole project And that's where the scope of the project changes So that's where the start of the redesign comes from and then 2022 onwards. That's when the implementation of the new design if you want is Is actually taking place Okay, so Now I'll go through all these phases a bit a little bit more So initially there was Kevin in a Kevin Hillman and all of your hands on who are still maintainers around the D arm So see Subsystems in the kernel and At that time you have to Well, 10 years 10 years ago. They were still they were already some Android phones and things I'm not sure about Android actually It was becoming a bit more popular, but it's nothing like now. So the arm support like Kernel bills on the out for the out platform kept kept breaking on the time So that was one of the first things to do to fix if you want with kernel CI And there was real big incentive to have a CI to continuously do bills with mainline So that's what they started Really as independent kernel maintainers And then they were joined by a few people from linear although it was not a linear project It's just a few people from linear happen to give them a hand if you want So Tyler who provided some of the original kernel builders in his garage And Milo who developed the original backhand and front-end like they're at the web stack Which is still online right now So it was mostly about doing kernel bills and then boot testing on embedded our platforms So here you can see some of the original labs. Well, this picture is probably from 2016 17 You can always see a bunch of Chromebooks. No one on the left is in Krabra's lab No one on the right was Kevin Elman's original lab with lots of small dev boards everywhere So, yes, we're doing this 2016 17 18 is about three years. That's where the project really Grew in terms of the original I call it the classic system if you want So you have lots of CI systems for the kernel some are some are more public than others And currency I was really Designed to do that so to do them, you know arm builds booting on our platforms And try to do that pretty well So that's what happened during that time and then in 2019 Well, mostly Kevin Hillman still, you know, he started the project basically and then he also did a lot of legwork to find members to launch the Connors CI project so that was officially done at open source submit 2019 and One of the reasons why this happened is Greg Croy Hartman was receiving lots of different reports For stable reviews, you know every time there's a And you release candidate for a stable kernel All the fixes are sent to the mailing list for review And some people would reply to say this works. There's a problem and he would get very patchy Set of answers from very different people With different CI systems during different kinds of things. It was a bit difficult to Have a full picture of the quality of the kernel basically So The main reason for Connors CI to become an explanation project was that there was a need for at least one project to become the one CI system if you want to become them the main one few the main one for all four main line And I think I don't see I probably got chosen because it was not specific to a particular product like it was not really owned by a company or You know, it was not just for one particular use case. So you could then grow to cover the whole kernel And then eventually it was launched with a five members which will go through a bit later So it's kind of like having one CI to rule them all if but it's really a collaborative effort and Here you can see the current members which are basically the same as the founding ones And there was also foundries.io as member the first year And Yeah, I think they left it. Why is it basically now? We still have Bay Libre, which is a company where Kevin Hillman works civil infrastructure platform Which is another Linux foundation project and it came about very long-term stable kernels to be used in civil infrastructure where you come a great kernels and Collabra Well worked for for seven years and Google that's also one of the reasons why there's a lot of support for Chromoresis because Google is one of the members Microsoft Who really Had a big interest in stable kernels and at the time we had such such a Levine who was working at Microsoft and a crew maintainer stable with Greg Raul and and red hat who Have their own CI system called CKI and it worked The provided Well spent a lot of effort to help with what's called KCIDB Which will go through a bit later to have a central database. So they all had like a slightly different reason for being a member which is Very nice way to start if you want and It was still looking for new members now we have you know each member provides a yearly contribution To to the budget for the project so we have we have a budget to do things I didn't detail them here, but like you know, we can pay for contractors or infrastructure and stuff like that But having more Variety I think in the members and showing that new members can join the project now. I think would be very positive. So there are a few potential ones There's also Of course, there's an email you can well, that's not the link here It's a screenshot if you go on the colonelci.org website on a home page You'll see this at the bottom and you can send an email if you're interested if you want to discuss How you know if your company would like to join Of course, we can also reach out in other ways now, yeah, so the members also provide Cloud compute services like, you know, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Which which is used to build kernels and Also people from member companies You know have become Maintainers of the project and a treasurer and chair and other rules It's really important for the sustainability of the project series if one member decided to leave for example It'd be difficult after after a while, you know to Sustain a project to having three more members. I think would would be really a way to secure it Okay, then back to the drawing board in 2020 2021 So because it became because a project became part of the Linux Foundation and its mission got bigger There was a need to take a look again at What it was doing what do you need to do and how to get from where it was to a would need to be So basically going from arm embedded focus system to scalable Flexible framework if you want for any subsystem of the any use case of the kernel to be to be covered potentially So I Mean initially more More test reads gone enabled such as a case L test in IGT and LTP And what we call baseline checks That's like some scripts to verify that drivers and devices have initialized correctly and things like this Um Then yeah, then there was a lot of effort put in place to add from rest test support. There's you and I like a slightly separate Instance instance of kernel CI Just to show the chrome rest results With a dedicated set of builders folk romance kernels And KCI DB got launched at the same time, so I've mentioned it a couple of times Um, so this is really just to gather Uh results from lots of different CI systems such as C spot and zero day Um, and gen 2 kernel CI initially. I mean, there's there's a we go through this again In more detail soon a bit later in this webinar, but there's a whole list and it keeps moving and anybody can Even like individual maintainers can send when you're individual developers If you have if you happen to be running tests automatically, you can Sign up if you want and send your data to KCI DB And yeah, then the new api which also implies a new web dashboard so basically the new web stack Needed that needed to be a bit to be defined So the the first step was to gather requirements from the community Uh, so that's why we did a community survey That was in 2020. Yes. Uh, this slide is from a presentation at linux plumber's conference in 2020 It's also Available on an ocea.org website in a blog post So this is a summary. I mean we had like quite a lot of questions and there's a link here on the blog post Um, so the three main takeaways if you want from from that were That it's really important to test patches. That's also called as also known as uh pre-merge testing Because initially Colonel say I was only doing was still kind of is only Looking at get trees. So once patches have been applied. So it bypasses only review stage on mailing lists and that's really critical Um, it's really difficult to do as well because there's lots of volume of emails And many technical challenges around this. Um, but this came out as one really important thing That kernel developers and maintainers would really like to see Um, and then extending long running Cover ages it's called. Um, typically especially for stable kernels. I think that's where it was really important to Have maybe, you know, one or, you know, 24 hours or 48 hours of like testing envelopes so you can run Things like fs tests that can take a long time to cover all the possibilities Some performance benchmarks can take a long time to If you wanted to run all of ltb, maybe that's not very So yeah, it's it's also difficult to find the best test because it principle you could run forever But people express the the need for Doing deeper testing because these are things that are really difficult to do by hand Say also, if you know Even if you have Even if you have the time to run lots of tests, you can maybe just run it on one platform Or it's hard to run things in parallel if you don't have a bigger infrastructure So that's really something that people would, you know, express As um As a requirement if you want to be able to rely on on bigger infrastructure To find bugs that are really hard to find by hand And improving the web dashboard I think about three quarters of people Said they would be happy to use a web dashboard if there was one Um, a small amount of people maybe like 20% I think said they would not use the web dashboard at all They would just use email and common line tools um, but a majority of people would Be really happy to use a web dashboard if you provided the right features for the workflow And that means a fair amount of customization like being able to set up your queries to look at the data in a particular way um And that was like the starting point to say, okay, we need to uh define this better So that was yes, would you be able to show the dashboard? I think I put that in there that might actually set the context for a lot of people Yes, uh, however speaking. Yes Can you see this now? This is a kernel ci website Yes, okay Here there's a link to dashboard. This is the old dashboard It was initially created 10 years ago and got upgraded a little bit to show test results um, but um What i'm talking about is there's a need for a better web dashboard than that So this solves some of the issues But it doesn't have the level of um flexibility that you would normally need Maybe we can see what the limitations are. So for example, if Here you have a list of trees. It's actually possible to look to sort the data by hardware type But it's really clunky. There's there's a ssc page here Which kind of worked well enough in the beginning with a few types of armboards But now I'm not even gonna through it now. You can play with this if you want But it can take a long time to load and it's a bit quirky to use Typically, for example, if you want to look at mainline test results, you can click on on these Numbers here That shows you all the test results Uh for the different test that were run When there's a red triangle, it's when there was a regression Um, so let's see if there's like a can also a case l test few text regression So you can see on the platforms done regressed um And with this you can see, you know, you can see the regressions This one is a new one. It will tell you if it regressed for a long time or not If you also do anything that the website doesn't provide out of the box, then It's really difficult to To add to add new features to this. Um, so sometimes people have said Uh, as a maintainer, I would like to be able to see regressions that on my branch and not on mainline So for example, um, here we have armed the um bergman's tree And mark brown, you know, if you maintainers like this here They base their branch on top of mainline like a rc2 tag, for example And if you look here, there's like 20 regressions on arms branch And mainline has 46 Uh, well, maybe because they got introduced later all coverage is different, but What maintainers don't really know is if you open, um I'm just giving you an example of the limitations of this kind of web dashboard if you look here, uh Well, first of all, they can take a while to load um, if you look at Regressions for a particular test, you don't really know if these regressions were Um, created on, you know, started to happen with that, uh With the commits on your maintainer branch, right? They were already there in mainline Okay, well So could you be able to show the builds part? I think, um, I don't I I understand that we have to improve this and then also I think it would be good to show what we are currently what it's being done currently And then you have an impressive list of socks So you probably want to show that as well Yeah, well, there's lots of performance issues with the socks tab Actually, I have, um, I have a slide a little bit later to talk about the the old web dashboards So maybe we can go through it there Um, at this point, I really wanted to highlight the fact that this this is the old one There's a big need as part of Yes, uh as part of the community survey we Found that it was there was a big need for an improvement from that Yeah Okay The that's a slide from fosdem 2021 with the first year as Uh, connoisseur as with first year with connoisseur is a Linux foundation project So the first three months, I guess, you know, you know, to Vanuver December 2022 Uh, sorry, 2019 um, were Basically, yeah finding out How to set up a project more than anything else At the end of it, we had our mission statement, which you can find on the website That's basically now now we know basically What the project is all about in terms of long term mission and goal Then Yeah, kcidb started having a web dashboard in in 2020 Um, which is currently kind of offline. There's uh, there's some issues with that Well, we'll hope to have the new web dashboard for a kcidb data set So I can't really show it to you right now. There's a slide a bit later that shows this snapshot But I can't show you a live version of the web dashboard right now. Um, then we started having Um More resources from microsoft to jewel Since microsoft was a founding member one of the things that they also did was to provide the project with infrastructure, which is really helpful Um, and google also did that Uh, but it happened before Um, yeah functional testing really happened after that too I guess it became more important Um, as the project was growing to really cover all the on the classic test feats Then community survey, which I just showed uh was done around that time frame as well beginning of 2020 summer Then we started adding support for communities to run kernel to to do kernel builds And then xprom as is mentioned here, uh, that's where there were lots of talks about kernel ci Um, I'm gonna can go through that in a bit more detail But also where it was I think it was a real milestone in terms of discussing things with a kernel community to say Now the project is a Linux foundation project. It's been maybe useful until now, but from now on it needs to Really think itself So that's why it was really important to discuss with lots of people. So we had um buzz of earth Heather above above session at Plumbers in 2020 to really discuss these kinds of things with lots of kernel people in the room So it was kind of related to the survey if you want but more in our lives Uh context at plumbers And yeah, google sysbot started sending data to kcidb And got a bit closer to kernel ci So quite a lot of interest and things started really taking up taking off at that point And then Uh, yeah, well that was in 2021 was basically the you know ramping up from there Uh, but then in 2022 and 2023 That's when we really identified world a new api and pipeline. I like to call it Would need to look like so One of the key things is that it really has to be flexible So what came out? As a result is that we can't really just use an off-the-shelf ci system somebody Paul said How about uh build but how about this uh one called concourse ci And previously colonel ci. I've been using Jenkins, which was very fashionable 10 years ago And there's other things like it lapsi i and get hub with So all these things can be used But none of them is really Well suited for testing the whole kernel in the way that kernel ci was aiming to be able to do and also providing a way for And kernel developers to gradually gradually Change their workflow from Manual testing to automation that needed some very specific Very specific Tools if you want I think one of the reasons also why we decided that Why why we established that we needed a new type of framework is if you look at the history of the kernel is It's a very special type of a pencils project because it's arguably one of the biggest truly open source project as One big repository if you want And I like to take the example of get for example, you know initially Kernel development was done with only turbos and patch files Then I think it started using something called bitkeeper for a while But that didn't really work out So what happened then is a special tool called a new tool called git was created Precisely to answer the needs of the kernel community And it also happened to be very useful for lots of other things and and then get have happened and all that um But I think it showed that The kernel is a very special Type of project. So we needed special types of tools. So git solve that Um, and I think from a kernel ci point of view, maybe it's less of a less generic. Let's less universal thing to solve But it is a special tool as well to be able to test it because every part of the kernel is almost like a small community with different ways of testing so it needs that You know git is very distributed. It has it's very flexible And I think that's what also what we need in terms of a ci Framework a ci system So if you have to use one server if you have to use one framework Then you'll soon or later you hit the hits of limitations and some people will not be able to use it Um, so how do we do do that? Well, I didn't You know, I didn't want to go into too many details about the new api design But maybe one of the key things is to have a database of course with an api to send data read data. That's kind of classic But also made it make it quite um Adjust, you know tune it for the type of use cases for for kernel testing um, and on top of that have um Events mechanism so that you can receive an event whenever for example a new kernel build is available so if you have but A test form you can subscribe to receive events. So Or you can filter to receive a particular type of event. So if you have um, I don't know like a A test form with our platforms or x86 platforms You might want to only receive builds for that particular type or even with a particular kernel config Once you receive the event to say there's a build available Then you can download it in a automatically tested you know platform and send the results to the to the api so that way anybody can Set up their own client for the api anywhere in the even in the in the private private networks receive events run some tests and send the results to the api There's a typical use case for that we work we discussed it with um Several companies who have their own um test systems that are not necessarily Public or maybe they are public but very very specific Um, I mean, yeah, pangatronics have something called lab grid and that's open source Uh, but mostly only pangatronics Use it and so can also I didn't support it negatively having this event Mechanism means they could Receive events and start running things in in lab grid. So that's one of the things that started looking into It hasn't finished hasn't been completely implemented yet, but it's You know one of the steps And it was like through some more details if you Uh, maybe in the q&a if you have particular questions some of it is explained on the unknown website Some of it is still not completely set in stone But that's the kind of issues that was That the new api is trying to address so being really flexible in order to be able to Kind of run anything anywhere And let people submit data And that'll that'll also Uh, clarify a lot of things about what the new web dashboard would look like. So in terms of being flexible now We had an idea of the type of data that would be there the type of Um workflows on user flows as they're called On the web dashboard And yeah, that took a bit longer So coming soon in 2024, that's where we are now So since I left and it was Tsc chair as well as board chair now and there's new people who've come in or taken up these rules Uh, well, I'd like to say also sure. I just joined a connoisseur at tsc last week. So congratulations. Sure. It's great. You have you part of the team and then Yeah, the roadmap adjustments. So in 2023 We made some red map about how to get a new api developed and a new web dashboard and a few things Are being readjusted now And the x analysis is something that's happening right now. So we did um Rhp and request more proposals to have people who are more skilled into more skilled in web development to really write Specs and maybe make a prototype or demo if you want for in for the new web dashboard because that's like web development is is typically skill that was missing from the connoisseur team So that you know, that's the things we know so far in 2024 At the end of the presentation, we can go through the future a bit more So what we have now. So yeah, that's the legacy system for the cobweb in the corner the So it's still online like I showed a bit earlier and It definitely does a lot of bills for uh linux next it does maybe about 200 200 bills for For each revision every day, you know, there's a new linux next tag every day and there's about 200 bills from connoisseur for that Um with gcc and clang and actually two versions of clang now and rust support And it has lots of architectures some are even not listed here, but it does, you know, all the main ones and even slightly less than the main ones And yeah, it's doing a lot a growing number of tests, uh, so I guess the LTP IGT I've mentioned them before there's um Specific ones like cross cc is listed on this on the snapshot here. That's a chrome rice embedded controller basically any test that Is open source and tests uh part of the kernel And can be run on mainline is eligible. So if you want to if you have your own test Or if you want to work on adding an existing test suite if you want to kernel ci that can be done um as long as they meet these criteria the um nearly downside nearly nearly kind of um heard or right now is the um The legacy system this one is meant to be retired. Um, so it's a bit difficult to justify Uh putting lots of effort into trying to make it do more things when we know it's going to be retired so if If this is like a stepping stone to get the tests running with a new api and the new and the new system Then that's that's good. But if it's a lot of work That's going to be deleted if you want in a few months time or maybe one year Uh, that's where you know, we need to be a bit careful It's probably one of the reasons why some things have been kind of put on pause as well Um Anyway, it does regression tracking. So that's all the red numbers you can see on the screenshot Um, so the green is for passing yellow is for Failing like things that have always failed or things that didn't run And red is for things that were passing and have started failing at some point Um And bisections are not mentioned on the web dashboard. Uh, but they run by the legacy system. So for every regression typically not quite every regression But in principle every test, uh regression can be bisected and then an email will be sent Um, so this is a slide I've used in previous presentations. So the idea is to have There's only one in a kernel mainline And the idea is to have only one ci system to cover it Of course, that's not just like one monolithic system It's an umbrella of systems if you want because there's one kernel with lots of subsystems So we need one ci system with lots of sub modules if you want to cover them And let the subsystem maintainers be able to um Own these different parts like they're in the code Ideally, they would be able to also in the um system that runs the tests And connoisseur is not focused on any particular product or any target of architecture So, um, that's why also Is eligible for being it makes sense for it to be the no one the ci system And it's based on the what we've called for a little while now on the um open testing philosophy So it's a bit like open source philosophy where you share the code, but here's about sharing test related Things so there's um the test software course itself, so Sharing just the test suites I'm also sharing hardware pools So sharing test farms so that for example, you can let other people run their tests on your hardware And you can run your tests on other people's hardware Uh and grouping the results into a single database so we can compare all these things or you can um see, you know patterns and Yeah, I have this collaboration to see all the results together in one place in the same way that you Um have code contributions in one place. You can have the data from the test results And it's community driven. Um, so maybe every Um Every test contributor will have very specific needs specific needs as some people will be running tests on their own products and their own farm But if you contribute if you contribute all these results together Then that's how you create a community based on on different individuals and different specific use cases And then the project makes decisions That makes sense for the whole community Exactly like for open source if you want to send a change for example, that maybe because you really care about that like you want to Add support for a particular device or you want to change a feature in a kernel that will You know, that's something you need for your own use private use case. I would want to say Um as long as that works for everyone, it doesn't break other things. It adds value to everyone Then it will eventually be accepted. It's the same with with testing. So everybody has their own particularly integrated reasons for doing testing Um, and when you combine all of them, then you have this community Uh, so this image is like an eclipse between like, you know, the the kernel developments It's happening and the idea is to align testing to have coverage of all of it It's not really to remove the light but more There's the limit of the metaphor if you want, but it's trying to align things Because there's still the other side of the of the moon that's in the sun Okay, so yeah, case the IDB I wanted to spend a little bit more time on this. So here's a screenshot from The proof of concept web dashboard that it's based on graph earner So it just loads the data directly from the database into graphs Uh, it's used to basically have some kind of insight into what is in the database And you can see it has you know tens of thousands of test results sent every day Um, and you can see it has even more, uh hardware CP architectures being built and it can be thousands of test results and build results So it's quite big. It can scale pretty well So it's receiving results from red hat, uh, cki from the main kernel ci Pipelines from cspot, talk sweet, which is a linear service Anybody using it can tick a box and all the tests or the bills and tests that they're running The results that will be sent to kcidb Um, there's one issue With this web dashboard if if it's public then it sends too many queries to the database Uh, and then I call this some infrastructure limitation So initially it was public and then we hit some problems, so now it's private until there's Effects for that like a basically a cache to each of these um And as soon as that's resolved the next bit is to add support for issue tracking um Which I won't go into too much detail here, but basically Every ci system or lots of ci systems have a way to track problems Like we talked about the kernel ci dashboard. It can track regressions That's kind of very basic. You don't know when it's resolved and all that But some ci systems have more information around around that And having all this public issue tracking in kcidb will also really help Okay, um new api it's still In what we call the early access data set. It's like beta beta testing So he does very small very small number of things It does only x86 bills as far as I'm aware. Maybe it started doing a bit more, but I think it's basically um x86 bills boot testing and k unit And you can see this Um graph here, which is also taken directly from the database. So it's not like a proper web dashboard um, you can see the number of um A tester is very small a number like, you know tens of results um normally the original roadmap was that it would be um The new production system the new system in production for kernel ci beginning of march But that didn't happen. Lots of things got slowed down and put on hold. So So it's still at the early early stage and um Yeah, the x analysis work is to design a new web dashboard to actually show this data a bit better um Now, yeah, I like to mention this quote from Linus Torval's about a growing ecosystem. So um To say, you know, at some point in the interview he said it was the kernel the social project That's really interesting because It's like actually the the next slide if you only have all the different parts of the ecosystem interacting with each other And now we have more and more Actors if you want in in this ecosystem so more kernel developers are starting to look at kernel ci more, you know, different ways of testing also have started to happen Um, so that's really growing. I mean we can look into this into more detail but the idea is the idea is to have um A full loop so between people who write the code and write the tests at some point to get some feedback via a web dashboard or email notifications and right now this These two things happen kind of asynchronously so the kernel development will carry on regardless of the test results but as test results become more uh more stable and more more useful People will start relying on them more and at some point the hope is that well the the idea would be to require test results to be good enough before making um Before for example adding a patch to a branch or before releasing a new kernel version Um, so here's an example of um fairly recent addition to the Landscape which is a red spot And now some kernel scenario regressions are sent to a red spot. It's not very clear How often and how and when but he have put an example from about a year ago um I think it's still pretty manual But it's that's really something that is a potential um thing to work on And github ci, I think we have helen here in the attendees so helen sent um A patch series on the mailing list, uh I think it was a couple of weeks ago three weeks ago, maybe about adding initial support for testing Mainline kernel with github ci There's a demo video which i've put the link here And it's not a kernel ci system not a kernel ci tool But it's sort of related to kernel ci. It's like a a cousin project if you want. It's not very clear to me right now How all these two things relate? um, but it's definitely at least at the level of Something like, you know, like regsbot or cqi or zero day all these things that are part of the part of the ecosystem because they They are relevant to kernel ci And um, yeah part of another category if you want of members of the ecosystem or organizations So some of the big companies who rely a lot on on the lindex kernel like, you know meta For example, I've started working a bit closer to kernel ci, especially for bpf ci Of course, um, no meta care a lot about networking and they have lots of kernel people who Work on bpf and all sorts of network related things Um, sort of created a patch work based system for or bpf um, and now they've uh started helping They started contributing to a kernel ci to the new system to to have pre-emerge testing or patch testing, uh, which is something i mentioned earlier as a result of the um community survey we did several years ago, well three years ago So that's a really good example, um of a new New type of input if you want from the community Uh, pangatronics i mentioned a while ago in this in this webinar, um, because they have, uh, the lab grid Test farms they wanted to integrate A bit similar with ti Um, there's been a few public mentions of, um, you know them wanting to run some tests An arm of course as well. I've been running, you know things with uh with kernel ci for a while Um, you know, we've been discussing things with them um There's normally sending results from tux suites I think it would be interesting to see if we can do more collaboration between their tux suites system and kernel ci um And but yeah, some of these things are also currently Slowed down a bit because they depend on a new api to be available and if the new api takes longer Then it takes longer for these things to actually come to fruition And from the course kernel ci tests the kernel kind of kernel has lots of different domains and subsystems um So these play of course a really important part in in the ecosystem is I'd like to say it's almost like the core of the ecosystem Um, so you've been we've been doing Uh, clang builds for quite a long time now I'd like to quote this email from nick dizonio who's one of um, uh clang build linux maintenance He says he's always really really happy to see all these, um Email reports, um Some emails are not very easy to read some are a bit noisy Um, especially for test results, but for the bill ones a few people have really said that You know, even if they're not perfect at least it provides some really useful information for them and apparently it has worked quite well for for clang We've worked also with um, um miguel to add support for rust And I think miguel basically owns This part of kernel ci now, uh, at least you know, I wanted to really make sure that Uh, he would be able to add new versions of the rust compiler uh Change which branches Needed to be tested and you know the type of builds and all that So I think that's working now, uh, which is a really good precedent initially Canals the kernel ci team had to do all that which doesn't really scale like if That's one of the requirements that came out from the survey and discussing with people people need to be able to um join the join kernel ci and Use use kernel ci if you want without having to be directly involved with with a core team all the time Um, I don't think we're quite there yet with v4l2. It's being tested But that's I think still kind of more or less managed by the kernel ci core team And dii was tested for a while and then kind of stopped and nothing is coming back There's lots of changes in dii and and they have their own, uh, git lab ci, but it's somewhere on the on the radar BPF I just mentioned for patch testing And individual maintainers like we said before there's hon bergman and and mark brown and mark evin inman and there's maybe like 15 or 20 different kernel maintainers who have their own trees So they play a key part as well in the ecosystem How much time have we got um Yes, it should be about time to do q&a, but I still have new slides to go through So I go through them quite quickly now, uh, yeah stable reviews This is something, um That started a few months ago. Yes, sorry. There is one question. Um, oh, yeah What do you mean by kernel ci is not stable enough? Not stable enough Yeah, somebody I think they probably have gotten the impression that it's not stable enough Okay. Yeah. Well the new api is not finished Well, these two things there's the legacy system Which is not reliable enough because it's kind of all technology and it's not scaling well So like you said like you should like you saw a bit earlier I was trying to show you some results and it was taking a long time to load for example And some things keep crashing and it's using Jenkins and So that's one of the issues if you want the solution is to use to have um the new system in place And the new system is not finished So I don't Don't really want to say it's not stable. Uh, because you can only Judge whether it's stable or not. What's in syn? Like production ready state, but it's still in kind of beta early um every stage There's a number of things that need to be done for it to be really production ready Uh, I don't know if that's the kind of thing we want to go through right now Is that there is one follow-up question? I think you mentioned, um, I think the clarification On the stable enough question. You mentioned it's not stable to be used as a blocker for the release of the kernel Oh, yeah, so that's not just kernel ci. That's the whole kernel workflow in general like right now uh Well, if you look at, you know, I was mentioning stable, um stable releases and stable reviews of it earlier so for every, uh Stable release candidate there would be a list of all the patches sent to the mailing list as a thread To say here's for the new 6.1.123 whatever There's a list of like 50 um fixes Uh, and then people will reply to say that they look okay or not if If there was an issue that was not reported or if basically if only one person replied to say it looks okay Then I think the Um, the stable release would happen at that point. Anyway, like there's no way there's nothing to Completely verify that things are actually passing There's no documented set of tests and set of things that need to be passing There's no quality. There's no control quality level if you want It's more like if nobody complains nobody reports a new issue. That's um deal breaker Then the release happens and lots of testing happens separately from from that release phase because actually, um Especially that's that's for stable that happens, you know, several times every week if you look at mainline Um, there was a release. I think a couple of years ago. I like the um, I should take this one as an example I think it was 5.4. But yeah, when it got released So it went through all the rcs and people tested and all that and replied and then it got 5.4 And then in the store that said, okay, now it's released. Please go and test it Go and try this new kernel. So that shows basically that people the the kernel mainline release Is just a code, you know, it doesn't come with any um quality level you don't know whether it's actually working or not if If nobody has reported a problem, it doesn't mean that there's no problem There's there's no requirement to say we need to have these things really working um So testing happens kind of in a different universe from developments If in a real in a real Yes, yeah, if I may let me clarify that um The when the really kernel release comes out. Yes, you're right Linus asks people to test So it is not that none of the tests are run Various maintainers make sure that they have run Their tests and they have done their regression test before they send a pull request If you were to send a pull request to Linus and Linus finds a problem And that's not a situation any maintainer wants to be in So a lot of the code stays in next and gets integrated over a period of almost four to six weeks After the merge window, we don't put any new features into the kernel after rc1 comes out And after that maintainers are submitting their code into the next next and it is being integrated It is being tested by various Um test strings and then also users So that test So I am I think I'm questioning the statement you're making that it is just code. It's not tested. It is tested Uh, we do not have access to all of the systems out there all of the use cases out there So is it tested on all of the use cases and all of the available systems out there because Linux obviously runs on 30 some architectures and then maybe thousands of or if not tens tens of thousands of systems out there So, um, the so the to clarify what you're saying. I'm putting a context around it that What we are saying is we haven't tested the entire universe that Linux runs on Please tell us if we broke anything Because we humanly is not possible to test. That's where kernel ci and Leonardo test rings are all very important to the ecosystem to make the quality releases quality releases Yeah, I think my statement was more like if you get a tag They release, you know, what is being delivered mainline? Is really just a code You know that people it's like best effort for testing things and people have tested it and I've tried to run all the tests that they think really matters But it's not documented really with the release, you know to say this kernel has been tested this way and you know There isn't a particular List of things that the kernel needs to be passing before the release happens So, um, I wanted to mention this if you compare it with a I want to say like a full modern closed loop ci system Where you have like, you know, GitLab ci for example, you can block changes until they pass a number of tests and I could be just like Starting just even with like a build. Can you build the x86 dev config? It's kind of assumed that it does But there's nothing anywhere that says it has to It's it's it's um, testing is also just like the project Code writing and testing is also open source responsibility. Yes, you are right that there is no closed um, it doesn't happen on like a closed source system where you Say release notes comes out and says, okay, these are all the things we very quite Yeah, so it's a different, uh, testing philosophy that it's also users responsible to test the code Yeah, and I think that was um, it's a social project Yeah, but I think, you know, I wanted to start talking about this based on the question that was raised about why, um What is not, uh, Complete if you want in in the kernel Testing and I think that's what it is because you know when kernel development started ci didn't really exist Now if you create a new project today, you would have ci from the from the day one if you want And very easily especially especially if it's a small project like an apple website You can say it has to pass the smoke test. Maybe pass some vm test or whatever If some tests don't work don't don't don't pass then the changes don't get merged um, we don't have that for the kernel now and it's Basically why i'm saying that testing happens in a separate Uh space if you want to compare it from development So if for example only um, so even if you know some people might report a problem At the end of the day the maintainer says this problem is okay because we know, uh It's only on a particular type of hardware that nobody has or it Won't be fixed by another branch coming from someone else Even if things are reported as problems to maintainers at the end of the day can decide to still apply the patch and still have it part of the release That's something you can't have with a real automated closed lube ci system And we don't have it's not it's not one so somebody I think just described it better saying kind of distributed cure response. Yes, it is It is the responsibility of the community to make sure the release is good and when problems are reported you are right maintainers will come and say hey, yes, it we know this is a problem However, it it can be fixed and they get fixed Soon enough. So we don't have a ci system cannot block a release. You're absolutely right Give enough Here is one more question. Uh, would you like to address that before you move on? I don't want to disrupt your flow here No, that's fine The test page does not show the latest test results. What makes it wait so long wouldn't be it'd be better At least the values from a database from a while ago be what it displayed I guess they're asking about the test dashboard Yeah, and then I guess the dashboard basically I'd like to say it's broken Um, it works Because we're lucky. I think you know, it's very old technology and has lots of issues If it's not showing things it's Yeah, I mean, I'm really Kind of almost astonished. It's still online and people still rely on it Um, so improvements on the old web dashboard. That's basically, you know, not gonna happen It's only like if something is really breaking it in because completely offline Then maybe a fix will be made for that But now, you know, it really makes more sense now to focus on the new web dashboard Which should be online or the plan was to have it this summer. They're actually a written plan And for that so I think that one of the best things to To do at this stage is if you have an idea about How the web dashboard, how a good web dashboard Would look like or what type of feature you want to see on the web dashboard Then you can, you know, send an email to explain it or whatever communication channel you might use on the IRC even Explain your idea and then it Will have a chance to be factored in and be actually implemented for for the new web dashboard I hope that this is the question Yes, I did a little disappointing Well, it's work in progress once you put in a dashboard and you're using it It needs it needs to move forward and that's what Colonel CL project is trying to do. So that's all good Okay, so no more questions Okay, so I'll go quickly through no more questions here. I'll go quickly quickly through those two more reviews So that's something that started When initially it started several years ago Um, Colonel CI used to send replies automatically to a stable RC Email threads Then it wasn't really well maintained and it started breaking it was disabled and then some people like me myself included at some point try to um Reply manually to these Threads by looking at the results from Colonel CI so like There's a new stable RC review thread That gets tested by Colonel CI. You can go and see the results on the web dashboard in email reports So the idea would be to kind of compile that a compiler summary by hand You know come up with a list of regressions and things that seem really important to report and reply manually with that Having in keeping in mind that it would be ultimately something to automate because it doesn't really scale to have Lots of people doing like this and doing that all the time um And then I think that got phrased as that got captured as a requirement for the new epi and the new web dashboard and the new system No notification system to be able to reply to uh to emails with specific results like that um And recently at the end of last year some people decided to have a look again and try to do this again Which is good. I think from the point of view of Engaging again with with uh with the colonel community. So in this case, it means there's a bit more relevant activity Going on between colonel ci and and the stable reviews of mainly greco art man, but also every day also cares about stable quality um However, it won't be completely fixed until we have automation for it, I believe because Otherwise, it's not really sustainable in the long term Uh, so here I've made a snapshot of A summary of the versions that are being tested now. It's only doing if Well, it's looking at the colonel ci builds and looking at boot Boot testing only it's not looking at any more test results And here it's showing the list of regressions that were identified and sent So that's kind of also work in progress Uh, this is the email from greco art man one of the one of the first reports like this was sent in december Uh, so basically it's been like, you know, positive feedback. So, um We know we know that we'll always know there was a need for that. Um, hopefully we'll have um An automated process for doing that soon And you know part of the um Like I said before, you know, one of the real key things for a true Um, so I system for the whole kernel community is to empower kernel developers and maintainers to be able to um To own their little part of well, maybe a big part of kernel ci and how And and how it's testing their part of the the part of the kernel that they care about Like I said, you know for rust, for example, it's really good to have the rust maintainer able to configure how kernel ci is testing Is doing rust builds in the kernel Having this kind of principle applied to everything every part of the kernel would be really ideal And yeah, I'm not going to go through all that different details, but Of how the new system is meant to work But the idea was to basically have an abstraction between the runtime environments Where builds and tests or any kind of job is being run and the test definition That means you can use the kernel ci infrastructure. You can use your own infrastructure You can create a new type of infrastructure So you can run a kernel ci job ideally like on your own on your laptop on a vm that you're in Or in um kernel ci owned part of the infrastructure With just a slight different command line option to say like your runtime is molecule shell Runtime is this Google vm or this has no vm or whatever you can create your own environment for running tests if you want That's really useful for people who want to start Automating gradually So you can sudo to make something By using kernel ci to run things just in your in your local shell and gradually go Further than that to scale and run more tests in in vm's in the cloud and all that It's also useful to come back from that. So If there's lots of tests being run in the cloud and one of them is failing for example Being able to rerun exactly the same test in your local shell means You can work on it and debug it more because then you can Run it slightly differently to you know get some debug output Run it again with a slightly different build with more debug options turn on and things like that So that's kind of these two-way process Which I think is really a key thing here and it's something you don't have in or you don't easily have in normal ci systems So for that the idea was to have a common line tool called kci you would have things like kci run this job and kci get a result and it decides any result and so far And yeah, so Empowering developers from manual test to full automation and I'd like to say and back from automation back to to their local manual systems And Um, yeah, I've also highlighted here the main ways to get in touch with the kernel ci team. So there's a mailing list Which is hosted as a kernel mailing list. So it's also archived on lore Um, there's regular meetings. There's one every Thursday. That's open to everyone Uh, well, let's see one of them. There's open open hours as well And uh, I'll see channel on libera dot chat These you know really ways for anyone who wants, you know, whether you're a kernel developer or test developer or product product manufacturer, you know anybody from the Like from the ecosystem picture should be for anybody who has an interest in in The upstream kernel quality can just, you know, show up and and start discussing things and that's how That's how the project grows Uh, yeah, in a string. That's basically um a summary of the the mission of kernel ci is to um automate factor out the, um repetitive and difficult work Of a maintainer a lot of things can be automated um And if we can rely more on on machines if you want on the infrastructure to do all these things then People especially maintainers who can be really have the I don't want to say the I don't want to call them bottlenecks, but it could be really at the junction of a lot of Code coming in and pressure to have things released Um, so that's a huge burden if automation makes this work easier then it can just focus on the real things that make sense for for maintainer as a person to deal with so like critical change the critical choices Um, and you know connecting with other people and and building the community That's something you can't you can't really do with a automated system So that's the ultimate, um, I think goal for for kernel ci and what it stands for Um, and I'm saying I'm here. I mentioned the idea of uh, synchronous ci loop That's what I explained a bit before so I'm not going to go through that again But you know the idea of gating releases based on ci results um Is something actually I talked about at kernel recipes a year and a half ago Um, and I wanted to introduce something like a new trailer a new Tag if you want in in comets Um, like you have link for link to mailing is discussion discussion Yeah, uh, tested by and the name of someone who tested it Um, what I proposed at the time was to add a test link So it's like a link to a mailing list, but it points to A static page with a documentation about which tests were run Um For this particular A kernel revision typically you would have that on on a release tag So on a stable tag or mainline type maybe Or maybe subsystem maintainers could do that or they want when they send a poll request or for for their own their own management And I got some positive reviews and Greg Rodman said that would be very useful as well for People who build products based on stable because that would give them already some paperwork about how stable the kernel is How it's been tested before they add their own patches on top So anyway, you know related to synchronous ci loop Um, now I think we have there's a bit of time left Yeah, in principle, we have like 15 minutes left So feel free to ask me, you know more questions at this stage Um, but yeah going forward 2024. So now, uh, Don Zikus from red hat has been elected as new Chair of the board of members of the project Uh, so he's been doing this since January 24. So it's still quite recent Um, and Nikolai Kondrashov just got elected as new TSC chair And that will be effective First of April next week now in two weeks time. Hang on. Yeah Beginning of well first of April and she has joined the TSC Um as a TSC member in in march So these are Actually, I mentioned sure here As because it's bought nothing to highlight when kernel retainers Join join the TSC all people who Were not necessarily Core kernel ci developers Well, we've also had Two or two or three people joining the TSC recently who had been The kernel ci developers for for a few years And basically got more established in a project if you want a more like Taking parts in in votes and maintainers so you can see that there's even the core team as well is growing And that's actually documented on the on the kernel ci website I can just quickly show you if you go in documentation You have the organization part Well, mission statement, but you can see the um advisory board who's on the board here and TSC technical steering committee You can see all the members and The votes by the TSC are listed here. So you can see when you know I've all joined the TSC and uh, Jenny joined the TSC and You can see there's put put a lot of things happening and Have been happening in the past few months Okay Yes, so it's kind of a bit of a new beginning in a way for the project to have a bit of New new people joining Of course, it means also That it requires transition phase when you have a new mall chair as well as a new TSC chair Um And so it has kind of side effects in a short term So I guess it will take a while maybe a very maybe not very long But maybe it will take a you know, a couple of months or something to start seeing the the results from it So that I think it's kind of related to why we have um, so that's why we have Some delay with a new api and and I wanted to mention To have something more concrete to show about the new web dashboard in this webinar Like I actually put it in the abstract when I wrote it. I thought I would have something more concrete We don't have it. We don't have it right now, but maybe in a few months. Maybe in one or two months time there'll be like What we call a clickable demo So something that looks like a web dashboard And you can click on it to open different pages and stuff like that But it's not with a real live database. Hopefully we'll have something like this In a near future so I've good I've got a few Words from uh, donzikus is the new board chair. So Um, yeah, I asked him if he had if if you wanted me to if you wanted to to have A particular message added to this uh, webinar because it's really about The project and not just my own story for In kernel ci. Nothing is main message is that there's no Um, there isn't going to be any major disruption At least not in a short term. The idea is to carry on with the same A momentum of the project and keep growing it basically And also a quote from uh, Nikolai Kondrashov who's the new tsc chair And yeah, I think it's basically You know make the new kernel ci api useful a sap that's basically catching up with the delay that's happened We're deploying the new and completing the new api um So I think that's also kind of a line kind of about, um Continuing in the same in the same direction And then uh, yeah, take me slow down. So that's one of the challenges we have now This is the Sydney opera house, which is very famous. I mean taken about four times longer than a plan to be uh Finished of course with kernel ci and um Community projects in general you can't really completely be sure of how long things are going to take because you don't have like one overarching entity Completely owns it. I mean you have maintainers of course, but it's not quite the same. Um, it's probably True even for non-community projects. There's always like of course risks and Someone said the best way to make sure something doesn't happen is to make a plan for it Hands very rarely actually roll, um, you know unfold as as they were As they were created So it's kind of you know part of life if you want Now, uh, the new api has been delayed a few times So I was really hoping that this new work map with some specific milestones, which I don't wear reasonable timescale Um, what's going to happen? But there's been some uh, also some reshuffling around and that's taking more time So maybe Mostly a bit later this year um, but yeah, the legacy system is really overloaded and outdated um, and the new new web dashboard needs ideally the new web api to be Uh stabilized Before you can have actually a web dashboard to show the data from it So for um, I think people that might not be familiar with the new api and how would you would like to elaborate on that? What would new api the role api plays? And how it connects dashboard and uh the data I'm assuming people could uh, I mean what what does this new api do? Okay, um I think I've touched on this before Um, I can explain it here, but there's also a blog post What is this new api? Um Yeah, that's good. I mean people can read the blog post Yeah, I wanted to put the link here Can you guys see the link I've posted? Yeah But in in a few words basically, I mean there's eight databases you would expect with all the test results With a web api on top to be able to send results and read results So the web dashboard would be using that to show the the results on you know as a web dashboard Or maybe bypass it and directly read from the database, but it's more like implementation detail That's the very basic Thing which you would not see with any ci system with a with a with a web interface Now also, uh, well, I think this new system would have would be uh user accounts so you can you know, you Be able to see things anonymously as You know all the data set would be public But also by having a user account you can save your own searches. You can Opt in for specific notifications So you would only get any emails that you care about to say only send me a regression when uh blank 13 build on arm 64 happens Happens to change for example That's the kind of use case you would want to have uh want to be able to do and then Also The new api as event mechanism. So it's not just passively reading and writing data is also um Acting as a way to orchestrate different things. That's something you normally, you know in other cell systems. It's kind of built in here you have there's very low level way of orchestrating things just by sending events to say distant data just just came in And that's all the api does. It doesn't say now you need to run this beyond the unit around this desk It doesn't say that it just just says This new type of this new piece of data just arrived and then something else on the client side can receive it You might have lots of different services receiving these events Uh and deciding to do something with it So as a user you could say Okay, I want to get notified with an event from the api every time Uh a case self test is fading for example or it's a case self test regression has been found And then you can have your own service that will do something locally on your even on your own laptop You know, you can receive that event and do something with it to for example, um Run exactly the same case cell test, but with a different kernel build that has more debug options turned on um You know, that's just a random example here That's something you can do as even as a maintainer to automatically have your own particular type of debug being run even without watching um when particular set of um the particular type of event is sent So that's just an example and then these results can be sent to the web dashboard as well. You can see this maybe um as part of your own data and having events also means we can have more like Real-time live updates on the web dashboard. So you can see this revision is being tested. This result just came in This one is waiting for something. Uh, you know Uh, you can see that tests that are that haven't started started yet. So you could anticipate What is going to be run? That's the type of thing you would see with the new api in principle say I uh Maintain of run test before they send it up. I I run my test before I send my full request Could I somehow say feed it in using this new api saying? um This these tests passed on this full request for Our next for example uh Yes, um, I'm not entirely sure. So you run some tests. Yeah, you can if you run some tests locally Manually, you can have these results sent to the api. Definitely. Yes. Okay. That's that's a question. Yeah Okay, so that that would be a lot of value add if we can um, if if this api can enable maintainers to Um and contributors to report their tests what they have done before they send a full request So that kind of shows um, then they could see potentially That before they send a full request to Linus They there some of these tests are done. We may mention that in our emails, but it would be nice To reflect that on a dashboard Yeah, or you could even have um, yeah, or you can make it part of your workflow if you Write it in email in a particular way and have a service that listens for emails And then when it sees your email it forward, it's the same Yeah nothing additional need to be done. You just send email Okay, so that sounds great. Yeah Maybe that would be maybe slightly clunky Like if you have the information firsthand, you could just send it to the api and also send any But maybe that it's up to you. Um, like, you know, it's definitely something a maintainer could set up to not have to really rewrite their own workflow or whatever You can create your own small python script or something that will listen for iMac females and then pause it and send that stuff to the api if you wanted to And then make it then you can make it part of the main kernel CI tools if you want to as well so Okay, Candice is reminding us. It's five minutes. Oh, I think I think we nearly so yeah, I mean there's lots of ideas about what we're going to do after that So adding performance testing stats based As difficult to say stats based by section Um, I made a talk about that at primers a couple of years ago and dynamic scheduling is about Running fewer tests first and then deciding on the spot which other tests to run Based like if something starts failing you run more tests around that which is kind of like post regression checks If something starts failing you want to run more tests around that Automatically to see how often it's failing if it's a stable failure Which is kind of related to performance testing and stats based so that's kind of ideas that We've known for a while that it would be really useful. We've discussed with people at Intel and others about their systems and that's A set of features that would really take it to the next level But it was decided to you know, there's no point trying to implement that with the legacy system Um, so these are things also that are waiting for the new api to be implemented Um, and so yeah, now the project is basically trying to get engaged more with the kernel community again um And Yeah, ci CD has come a long way With the pencils projects that's what I said a while ago, you know, the when the kernel first started There there was no real ci and now every project you create basically you have ci for free and it's very easy to set up Um, and let's do the last slide. I think yes and brainstorming A few more ideas about where kernel ci might go in the future Some things people have said before is what about testing more than just the kernel? That's complicated, of course. Um One example for that is currently chroma s. Um, it's not testing user space as moving target, but it's regularly upgrading to a new version of chroma s as a full user site stack But in future we can imagine like these things things like I don't know an android snapshot or an embedded snapshot and you have instead of What's it called the product and the test if you want instead of being Just a kernel you could have a whole os image. You need to have one way to identify the version of that Um, that's something maybe that could happen. Another thing that's really important is in 2025 There's a european union directive about um basically reducing um What extending coverage? It's like extending support from vendors product vendors For at least five years for the operating system, and I think it's maybe like seven years for the hardware It's to avoid having lots of phones That come out with one release maybe going to get a os upgrade six months later Maybe a year later and then they stop and then you have a lot of lots of devices with security random relatives this whole ecosystem based on Trying to get people to buy new furniture basically. So that's the kind of thing that european union is trying to change and if you look at um, apple does it an apple is not particularly Big actor in the open source world or they use like free free bsd and things um apple have fewer products and support them for a very long time and chrome rice is a bit like that as well with chrome books um, but apple is really doing it for a huge um much bigger volume. Um, well Android is really really the big big big volume here And then apple is it's pretty big volume with with iPhones too and has support for several for several years so I think following this example, I think we would basically It's basically what this is all about and having a good ci system for that will help to improve, you know How long stable will be stable? Okay, um, so yeah, thank you for joining us today. Do we have like maybe one more minute for any last question? Do we have any more questions? Slide 38. Oh, that's just the link. Yep. Okay So, um, thanks for sure for realizing this in kandis as well and you're already at the other Great It's been great to be able to go through this. It's been an interesting exercise for me as well to kind of look back look forward That project. I hope it was beneficial for people here Thank you for doing this kind of back to you Awesome. Thank you. Yeah, minchua for your time today and thank you everyone for joining us as a reminder This recording will be on the linux foundations youtube page later today and a copy of the presentation slides will be added to the linux foundation website We hope you are able to join us for future mentorship sessions. Have a wonderful day

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Urban Company: बिज़नेस मॉडल पर उठते सवाल

होम सर्विस मुहैया करवाने वाले प्लेटफॉर्म अर्बन कंपनी के खिलाफ बीती 8 अक्टूबर को महिला कर्मचारियों का एक बड़ा प्रदर्शन देखने को मिला. अर्बन कंपनी, इन महिलाओं को कर्मचारी न मानकर 'पार्टनर्स' की श्रेणी में रखता है, इसलिए इनका वेतन, भत्ता, काम करने के घंटे कुछ भी तय नहीं हैं. इस प्रदर्शन के दौरान उन्होंने कंपनी के सामने शिकायतों की एक लम्बी लिस्ट रखी. हालाँकि यह प्रदर्शन केवल एक दिन चला पर इससे जुड़ी महिलाएं इसे एक लम्बे आंदोलन के तौर पर देखती हैं. इन्ही में से कुछ महिलाओं से हमने बात की और उनके शिकायतें, हालात जानने की कोशिश की. Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOF1iS7lmNRSWVqL8N3L6kQ/join

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बुत बड़े बड़े हमने सपने देखे ते इस कमपनी में आने के ताईम पे अब हमें तो लगरा वो सेलून ही अच्छा ता जहाँ से हम निकल कर आईं इनो आज आमे गदे गोडो की तरा गूमा दिया कडी दूप में जोड-जोड से अपने आबगे आवाज उठाती ये महिलाई हून सरभिस देनी वाली अरबन कमपनी से जुडवी है अरबन कमपनी इन महिलाँँ को करमचारी ना मानकर पाटनर्स किष्च्च्रेनी में रकता है वेतन बता काम करने के गंटे कुछ भी तै नहीं है सब से पहले तो हम ये कहेंगे हम पे काम का बहुत जाड़ा प्रैशर दिया जाड़ा है इस ताइम पे पहले तागर था तीस का फिर दिरे-दिरे साथका किया गया फिर हमारी परस्नल लाइप कतम कर दिगाई स्वा सब साथब बजेग से start करके रासान, शाम के साथब साथब बजेग का काम का उछाद इनोने दे दिया आए हमें, तो उसके अकोडिग हमें काम करना बरताए पूरे तो सलोट के अकोडिगी, मध उसमें जखे आम लेत नगट काम करतें अरनी मुरनीं काम करतें तो उसका कोई हमरा एकस्टर बंता नहीं है आज में अरबन प्लाप में आइती, तो अपना फ्रीडम देखने किली तो आइती उसी बच्चे किली आइती, उसी परीवार किली आइती किम अपनी फ्यम्नी को भी ताइम दे से को अब हमें तो लगरा वो सेलून ही अच्छा ता, जहासे हम निकल कर आए तो आज में गदे गोडो की तरा गुमा दिया और बाखी तुस्रा ये रहता है, जैसे हम कुस्टमर का कोई भी काम करने है, और मैंपस प्रडक नहीं है तो कम्पनी उस्पे प्रष्टाइस करतें कि अप कहीषे भी अरेंज कर लो, लेकिन आप ये बोकिं ले लो, ती एक तुस्रा अगर हमें कोई भी प्रडशानी कुस्टमर के गर ती है, उसके लिए कोई help center नहीं हमारे पस, कोई हम call भी करते है, तो अगर बाई चान्स, कोई call लग भी जाए, तो उस में हम एसी फितना बोल लिए जाता है, कि माफी चाहेंगे हम आप की परडशानी को आगे पुचादेंगे, आप की चोविस गंटे तक आप की पास कोल आजाएगी, आप की परडशानी को आगे पुचादेंगे, और बाई बाई चोटी चोटी चोटी चीजो पे भी हमपे, दबल दबल पैनल्टी जीस ताइम पे लग रही है, जेसे कोई बी अगर चोटी बुकिंग से ही हम ले, चैह सो रुपे की हमारी बुकिंग है, आप the time of joining, nobody gets, you know, a hard copy of guidelines, nobody gets a contract, you know, most of the times they are asked to give their identification and it's filled by the company's, you know, sales or whatever, onboarding team and they are asked to just sign a document, right, they are not even given any time to read this document. And what that does is that it creates a complete lack of awareness of these systems and then women start experiencing these very ad hoc penalties. It's not just that there is no awareness, it's that many of these penalties are very unjustified. There are new rating systems that are added every, you know, couple of months. ले, कि रेटिंग का, क्या सिस्टम कर रहा है, अगने प्त्चास बुकिंगs कर रहेंगे ना, और आप उज़्को ले के चलते हैंए, अगर जो पbajास बुकिंगs करने के बाद हमारी रेटिंग बड़ाए जाती है। अरुब रऻ człेतार तो क qualification is being interviewed अब री कुडवा से आपके रapping eating उऔर � Elsa she hasn télé अमस्पमा किया सिथम कर ब hiệnायं रेका अपना आपना ऐत ना लाही साप आई money कर सेत्ट्हें कर सेबुउगें शापय शापय आए आसमचभी कोगें इसोभट ऋज दॉग invox नखुट, बोग़िड, आप याँ कोविड आने से पहले नों की अर्भन खम्पनी होगे, अर्भन खम्पनी में आने के बाद, इन लोगोने हमारे साद, क्रेट्ट की बी प्रोट़्म कर दी, इनो नाहमारे साद, प्रैशर कर दी, आप दिन में इतनी जोप करोगे, तो भी उदका बी समवन जोग of COVID समग अपने गोगा बी देखना अगा वीड़ में ज़ग कितना बागगेगी किसे बाख सकती नहीं बाख सकती किना अगा त़ागेट तागेट तागेट तागेट भीसाँ तीस तीस दिन में हम को पचाँस जच़ाँप करने है एक तीस दिन मatery is metriakal response rate and there are penalizations on that.And then there are penalizations on that or pressures put on women. यह ज़े बने बर्द की ज़ों उपने लीग कर वागा। अगर पर पाटनाय को नहीं नें दे के वो नहीं है। टेड ग़ी पर लग और वेर्ग नीवी कर रहा है। तो वो वॉग में का वो और रहा ही इस चब आप आप वो लग लग रहा है। और ठूसां Understand that every time there is a relationship of power, there is some kind of imposition that happens. आंगा ता आग टेदिजान लीए में पीश्पडान के आप की। घआप्दिया करट्द्याकि आपमी आप आप सब पहूँजाँ quicker. खिला from those people are not aware of सुविस पेनल्तिस are just absolutely horrible अध्राव जिस्भेँ और भी होग होग, भी लिए फिल eats बौर्रेदी दिई आद होग, आद दे दो चाहा ? of course is you know लोधव मेंसेब ग़ी उई विशा जे आद गी लोग और gustado, तो तो भी जगल लोड़ of work at home with their family and this right any kind of policy that the company has should take into consideration that reality यहाँ पर जैसे भी मैं कोई प्रवलम होती है या फिर हमारी कोई अईदी ब्लोग हो जाए या फिर हम कही कुमप्लेंट भी करें या अफिस में जाए जाए किपुप्लें कर थे हैथ तो हमारी सுन्वाई कोई होती नहींगे जिशके लिए में अपुरिस में लाई बाद बी नहीं है खाई बार अमने धब दस दस लरक्किया न भी गया है के अई अमारी अदी भ्लोग हो गए यह एक पडशानी है यह कोई भी चिए रहें तो कमपनी की तरवते ना तो इसके लिए हमारे लिए बैटाव हैं नहीं कोई सुन्वाई होती हैं बस नहीं से विये बोल देजाटा है, आद थी के हम देखेंगें इतना ही बोल कर के हमें वहां से बेज देजाटा हैं हालां के बरते विरोथ प्रदर्षन को देखतेवे अरबन कमपनीनी जल से जल इन मागो को पूरा करने का आश्वासन भी दिया है

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A.S.U.U.: Union Extends Strike By 12 Weeks | NEWS

The Academic Staff Union of Universities has rolled over its ongoing strike for another 12 weeks, as a statement signed by the union’s president, Prof. Emmanuel Osodeke, said this was to give the government enough time to satisfactorily resolve all the outstanding issues, and that the roll-over strike was effective from May the 9th. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Watch More: https://bit.ly/2KLQxbI Watch PlusTV Africa Lifestyle: https://cutt.ly/tbdOHzQ Watch via our Website: https://plustvafrica.com/live-tv Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PlusTVAfrika/ Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/plustvafrica/ Tweet us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/PlusTVAfrica Comment on Whatsapp: http://ow.ly/d4kQ50pT4Bt #PlusTVAfrica #News #NewsOnPlusTvAfrica

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The Academic Staff Union of Universities, ASU, has rolled over its ongoing strike for another 12 weeks and that's according to a statement signed by the Union's President, Professor Emmanuel Osodeke. He said the Union has given the government enough time to satisfactorily resolve all the outstanding issues and that the role of a strike was effective from May 9th that's today. ASU said it took the decision after its National Executive Council meeting which was called to review developments since the Union declared an eight-week total and comprehensive role over strike at the end of its emergency meeting on the 14th of March. Some of ASU's demands include the release of revitalization funds for universities, in negotiation of the 2009 FGN-ASU agreement, release of earned allowances for university lecturers and the deployment of the UTAS payment platform for the payment of salaries and allowances of university lecturers. Now Unilike students this morning staged a peaceful protest against continued ASU strike. They walked on the road singing solidarity songs up to their school gate demanding that the government resolve the strike and let them return to school. They however said the action was just a warning protest and that if government does not listen to them they would occupy the streets. In front of the University of Lagos gate the students of the school gathered to protest. They are demanding that the government should ensure they return to school. Margaret Akiwande a mother of one of the students joined them in solidarity. I'm here to support my students, my children because I'm a mother. I want ASU to go back to school, to go back to resume. If one person that wants to come out as the president can purchase a phone for 100 million it means they can afford to be the demand of ASU. They are not lessee youths because when they go abroad they all excel. We make that vote and the youths we have the vote so we keep our votes. The students were sympathized with their lecturers because of their remuneration let out their emotions. They said the protest would continue if the government did not resolve the issues. The government has become very irresponsible and it is very clear so there is no ground that they are even shifting or there is no ground that they are even made right now. The government has not even called for a single meeting with ASU and yet this is a government that negotiates with bandits, negotiates with terrorists but cannot negotiate with workers. Nantes have said there is not going to be any primaries presidential primaries for the PDP or APC if they don't that's a very good demand. I gave admission since 2019 and I'm still in 200 level like I've not even written 200 level exam I can proudly say I'm just in 100 level and if it is about staying at home learning a skill I wouldn't have written Jambidi firstly. Where would I graduate ASU be like they are rolling over a strike like it's a data gun drill I don't get this is our lives that you are playing with. The government is listening to us we are showing the government that we are going to come out again we are not going to stop now and 233 we are out for them. And we just heard the extent of the strike by another 12 weeks which means if we are not how we are to protest they are going to be resuming by August we are tired of sitting at home we are tired of roaming about the streets of Lagos. I need my right to education. These people are very violent and they won't listen until they see the right thing on the wall. Take a take a minute of fasting then they will know that the students are ready to come out and take the bullets. Because I was supposed to be for 3 years I ended up spending 4 years because of strike and then I came here for human kinetics and I am supposed to spend 4 years and now I am going into 6 years for 4 years because round it all up that is 10 years just because I want to have a degree. Let our 4 years be 4 years is pay our lecturers that teaching us because we have the future of tomorrow. We will not stop until we get what we want. They have neglected the educational system of this country. They are busy buying nomination forms for the upcoming election and they will still come and clamor on students to come and vote for them. We are very idle yes we are very very idle we are lazy Nigerians we don't have anything to do so we are going to come out or we are going to keep coming out to the streets we are going to make sure that everybody feels the pain that Nigerian students are going through. It has been over 80 days since the strike began and with the recent announcement by ASU that they are extending the strike by 12 weeks Nigerians are watching whether the government will listen for George plus the venue. And away from Lagos to Edo state where students of various universities across the state describe the 12 week extension of the ongoing industrial action by ASU as unacceptable the students blocked the entrance gate to the Benin airport. They also took their protest to the state secretariat of the Nigerian Union of journalists. We did to the 4 hours the dish out money for subsidizing a version 4 but for the past three months they did not see money to send to ASU because why because why we the common man we are the one suffering it and the inflation the flat they are the one using it enough is enough of the foolishness we cannot continue like this. Just a few days that the local airport went on strike in less than 24 hours. They brought them back. They brought them back. I sat on Thursday of last week we've been home for 80 days. 80 days. Yesterday we have been told that they've added 12 weeks more in a government, how will a government prioritize politics, aviation, to education? And you recall that we remain on fire when it comes to reporters. Yes. I want to assure you very strongly that the points you have raised this afternoon will be taken to the appropriate quarter.

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Linux distributions, lifecycles, and containers

by Adam Samalik At: FOSDEM 2019 https://video.fosdem.org/2019/K.3.401/linux_distributions_lifecycles_containers.webm Deploying software has lots of solutions, but what gets deployed often plays out as a fight between developers and operators. Developers want the latest (or at least later) code. Operators want things in nice packages, certified, and with a known period of support. What we need is a catalog of software with the variety of versions the developers need, with the qualities expected by the operators. Come and learn how various projects within Fedora approach this problem from different perspectives, including Fedora Modularity, containers, Fedora CoreOS, and Fedora Silverblue. This session contains a high-level overview as well as a live (or recorded) demo of Fedora Modularity — a project bringing multiple versions of packages in Fedora with the qualities expected from a Linux distribution: transparently built and delivered, actively maintained, and easy to install. In other words, having the flexibility that developers need and the qualities operators need. Followed by a demonstration of why building containers using Linux distributions' packages makes your life easier. And now with Modularity there's more versions of software to choose from. Ending with a quick intro into container distributions for the server (Fedora CoreOS) and for the workstation (Fedora Silverblue) — demonstrating the benefits of having an immutable small OS which is possible thanks to applications in containers. Expected audience: system administrators and developers Come and learn how developers and operators can be friends by using packaged software from Linux distributions, and what Fedora has to offer to both! Room: K.3.401 Scheduled start: 2019-02-03 09:55:00+01

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So, yeah, I'm Shamalik, I'm software engineer in Red Hat, and I have a question. Who writes software? Who is a developer software engineer? Writes horrible share scripts, excellent. And I'll be commenting on you. And who runs it in production then? All right, also late people. I'll be also commenting on you. So let's start with developers. What developers do what they want? So if I'm developing something, I do want to write everything from scratch. So I need to search the Internet for things that are useful to me. And this would be libraries, this would be whatever things. And I don't really care that much, like where they come from or how supportive they are. I just like to need my work really easy. And then off we go. Is that all right? Maybe I'm just a horrible person. I have no XKCD comic, I'm sorry. But operators, so I think you look like pilots. And if you run something in production, again, there will be dependencies, there will be things. But you probably prefer packages, you prefer auditability life cycles and some kind of support. And not to sleep at night. And not to sleep at night, that's also a very, very good point. So you might notice something very impractical in these two groups. They are very different. They just need completely different needs. But they somehow need to work together because the software goes from the developer to the operator. And they somehow need to work together. So how to make them both happy? So there's a question. Isn't this just packaging? So that's what many distributions do, right? There are packages that you can just install very easily. Let's have a look if that's all right. So packaging, that makes for integrated, tested, updated and easily installable. So when I started with Linux, that's 12 years ago already. I went from Windows XP. And that was quite magical because I didn't have to search the Internet for anything I wanted to install. It was just something, something installed this and it just magically appeared. That was amazing. And I got updates here and it always worked. That was really nice. And there is a lot of work coming into distributions that make sure that everything works together nicely. Everything is tested, updated for security issues, et cetera, et cetera. So packaging is great. And then there's a second thing with the next distributions. I didn't really care about this that much back then, but life cycles. I said that brings over time stability to the diverse open source world. That is, I actually have a picture. So imagine that this is not the open source world, right? There are more than seven projects. There are like millions. But they're different, very different. This is just life cycle. This is just a maintenance timeline and just one version of an application appears and then another version of application appears and it dies. No one cares about it anymore. No one maintains it. And if you run something in production and you need to somehow make sense of everything, that's crazy. So how to fix this? Well, Linux distributions came into play and they somehow picked a few. They just magically changed the life cycle because they care for it in a certain period of time. Sometimes it's longer, sometimes it's shorter, but it's the same. And very conveniently, they just put it together and release it. As distribution releases, I can see Fedora 27, Fedora 28, and just like everything works nicely. And of course, there are many Linux distributions out there. I can see CentOS, which is like a long time, not support, maintenance, whatever. Fedora, every 13 months, there's a new release or something like Arch Linux. There's basically no release. It just sort of happens. New versions appear as they do. And there's a big variety. You can basically choose what you want. And that's great. So that sounds really good for operators sort of. Packages, life cycles, updates, transparency. I can see everything in there. But there's one problem with it. It's kind of monolithic, right? Everything's the same. Every piece is in just one version. And it might be inflexible. Probably not for developers and sometimes not even for operators because even existing applications might need something different. So let's have another question. What about containers? Do they make both groups happy? So containers are these isolated and portable things, right? Like these raspberries. Imagine a pile of raspberries that's like the upstream and then we can put it in boxes and just we can sell it nicely, ship it nicely. So this is basically containers. But how would this look like after a week or three? Right? So containers are great, but they're just isolated and just portable. And they won't somehow magically fix the software in them. And this is nicely visible, I can see, but whatever. So they're great, but there might not be the answer to this very question. So what we actually need. So we need new versions and a variety of versions for developers, but with the qualities for operators, system administrators. How to do that? So there's a project called Fedora Modularity, which I'm working on for some time. And I have stickers, if you like, I have stickers, because that's important, right? And what we do, modularity basically separates the life cycles of different pieces of only the distribution. So life cycles. We care about life cycles. We care about the maintainability. We care about the stability and sometimes support if you have a commercial distribution. So let's have a look at this image again. That's what we saw. This is the maintenance. So what's inside? This is a little bit simplified version of Fedora with just no JS package, nothing else. And as you can see, there's Fedora26 and Fedora27. These are quite old versions, but I have them for demonstration purposes. Just there is a different version of Node.js. There is a 6, there is Node.js 8, nothing else. So what happens with modularity? It's somehow what we did in Fedora28. We introduced so-called modules and how we're talking about them. And they give you choice of a version. So you can somehow choose what you want. And then when there is a new release coming in, it just somehow, you can somehow keep it and everyone's happy. By the way, this is a lie. We're not making portable binaries. It's more like this. So this is a different binary, but with the same promise, right? With the same version. So Node.js 10, Node.js 8, whatever I want I can have. So before I show you a demo, I'll have a drink. And then we'll walk through four concepts that we're using in modularity. And then we'll have the demo. So packages. Distributions are built out of packages. Everything is packages. And we're not changing anything in this regard. We don't even basically touch them. They're the same. What's new here is modules and streams. And naming is hard, so I apologize. But modules has some kind of logical groups of packages representing an application, language runtime, or something that just makes sense. And we can somehow take them and put them on independent lifecycle. So as we could see, they could live throughout multiple releases. And then we have this thing called streams, which are something like version, but more streams of compatible versions. So for example, versions of Node.js 10, versions of Node.js 8. And I can choose any one of those. So there are multiple available. So that's modules. And then when we have so many choices, we don't want to get crazy about that, right? I don't want to choose every single component of the operating system. So we have defaults, and that means that you need to choose only when you want to. And if you don't care, just everything works as before. You will only see one version. That's fine. But if you want to change, you can change. And when you do choose something, it's very important that updates won't break everything. So you say, I want version 8, and then you run update. You get the latest 8, but you won't get 10, even though it's available. So this is very important. You get updates, but just within the stream you chose. All right. Demo. I really like live demos, and I don't want to ruin their reputation, so I'll do a recorded demo. What do you think? All right. Before I start, who uses Fedora or an RPM-based distro? All right. So we use this package manager called DNF. It used to be called yum. And that's how we basically install software, and that's important. It'll be command line, just showing some new commands, how to manage the modules. All right. So I'm typing DNF module list, and that shows me list of all the modules available after I hit Enter. There we go. And I'll be focusing on Node.js in these examples. So I'm highlighting two versions right there. Node.js 8, Node.js 10. And this is Fedora 29 beta, so there might be some content missing. But for the demonstration, that's fine. I choose to install Node.js 8. So I type the command DNF module install Node.js colon typo 8. And I have a lot of time, so I'll wait for a while. And then I hit Enter. I say yes. I really mean it. Excellent. And then I'll wait for the internet to connect. There's an impressive Wi-Fi here. Oh wait, that's a recording. Never mind. All right. So I have Node.js 8, and if I type Node-V, I can prove there's Node.js 8. It's where I expect it to be. It works the way I need it to be. Everything's great. I'll try update just to demonstrate that it won't break, even though there was 10 available. So very slowly DNF, update Node.js. Nothing happened. I have the newest version because I just installed it. But I could have got an update for the 8. All right. Let's switch it to 10. Now I'm making the choice I really want to upgrade to 10. So I type DNF module install is the same command Node.js 10. And it should ask me if I want to really do this. It's a switching stream from 8 to 10 over there. And yay. I got 10. So again, Node-V, and I'll see. I said Node-V. Thank you. And it's 10. All right. So that was managing streams. And there's one thing that I haven't mentioned. It's sort of a bonus. So if I have an application, I can sometimes install it in multiple ways, like a database. I can install the server. I can install the client or both. And that's what I'm going to demonstrate here as well. So I'll do the list again. And I need to find a database. There we go. I found MongoDB. I can see client and server. There's also something called default, which is a little bit ambiguous. I think we're getting rid of it, but just ignore it. And now I type DNF module install, the module name, so it'll be MongoDB colon diversion and slash profile. And I'm just installing the server portion. And I don't have to care which packages are that, because there are so many packages in there. So that's why we're trying to make it easy. I just want to get the server, whatever the package is. All right. Installing. And just to show it's really there, I just type mongo-tap-tap, and that'll be it. I have mongo-d, which is the demon, and something else, which I don't know what it is, because I'm on the database. OK. And if I decide I want also the client, I can use the same command, but I change the server to client. So I just delete the server part, type client, and I get even more packages. So with the profiles, these are just package subsets, so I can install one to all of them. Or I can just choose packages manually. That's also doable. So this is really just a bonus to make it easy for people. There we go. And again, just mongo-tap-tap, and I'll see that there are things like mongo-tools and other interesting things. All right. So that was the demo. That was for the modularity. Multiple versions of packages in Linux distributions. So that was, I hope, interesting. So containers again. I was a little bit hating on them, so let's fix that. Let's have a look at containers for their true benefits. They run almost everywhere, and I can do the compose and testing upfront, and then just ship it to production. So let's just use them for what they're good for. I don't shove things in there and just let them run, but let's just use them what they're good for. So this is great. And basically, it's so easy to make them that there are third-party repos, and I can just go to them, find a container, and run it, right? What could go wrong? This is an old-ish article like half a year ago, but it has an interesting quote in it that someone was pushing containers into Docker Hub, but it could be any registry, right? And they were functioning fine, but there was this script that was mining something on your system, and they made quite a lot of money. So yeah, back to containers. Let's just use them for what they're good for. So if we have modules, if we have the software, we can just build custom containers with Linux distributions, right? And we can leverage both. So lifecycle benefits and the packaging benefits. With the container benefits, with the portability and isolation, and I don't have a demo here, but I have just a slide just to demonstrate it. It's super easy. So this is a Docker file, like three Docker files, and I can do from Federa 29. And the command we saw, dnf-y means yes, module install no gs8 or no gs10 or no gs11, and then dnf clean all to just clean the metadata to make the image smaller. And that's how I can make very easily my own container, and I know what's in there. And it was nice about it. If I need an update, I just rebuild it, and I get the newest versions. So I get security updates and whatever. So there we go. All right. So if I somehow run everything, well, we saw the multiple versions, and then we can see how we can run it in containers. So if I run everything containers, what about the operating system? Do I need to care? Well, I think I should definitely care. For security reasons, performance, hardware, et cetera. But it doesn't need to be my pet in a sense. I don't need to care which packages exactly are on the system, or I don't need to install individual things on it. But it can be immutable. And we have two projects in Federa. Someone could already heard about CoreOS. We have Federa CoreOS and Silverblue, and these are immutable operating systems for containers. CoreOS is for your server, and Silverblue is for the workstation. And what's kind of interesting in them is the way it upgrades and the way you can manage it. So if I look at traditional upgrade, and this is not Silverblue or CoreOS, this is just a traditional distribution, right? And let's see, this is the system, and I'm going to update it from orange to green. So what happens? Well, the packages start updating, right? So if I want, and the system modifies itself underneath, and then I'm done, and hopefully nothing broke. And if it did, in the middle, I can be in some weird state, which I would need to recover from. But if I have a look at the RPMOS tree, or at the Silverblue and CoreOS, which use technology called RPMOS tree to manage the system, what I do is that I download a new image on the side, so this is like a new system, and I just reboot in it. So there's just much less, much less way this can break, and this can be from major release to major release, or Fedora 28 to Fedora 29, which I did during the lunch break, major release for a bit, but I didn't quite care, because if something breaks, I can go back. And you can go as crazy as like from Fedora to CentOS. As long as the configuration files are compatible, there's no problem with that. So, yeah, basically, feel less upgrades. That's great. CoreOS, if you run a server somewhere, yeah? I have a question. So I have a question. What happened to Atomic? If you heard Project Atomic, there was a Fedora initiative to basically do the same thing. And yes, CoreOS is, and Silverblue is basically a new version of Atomic. So when it had acquired CoreOS, they basically, it came also to Fedora, right? And they took like the best from both worlds. So for example, RPMOS 3 is from Atomic, and CoreOS, like the brand, and other technology that had a lot of interesting automation in there, so that came from CoreOS, and they somehow making it, everything work together. Yeah. So that's like a next generation. And yeah, so this is kind of useful if I want to have a server, and I need to make sure it always boots if I update it. So I can just switch the image. If it doesn't work, I can just boot the old one. And Silverblue is great for experiments. Sometimes I can just try new versions, or I can just make sure that it always works, or I can go back. All right. That was quite quick. So if there are three things I want everyone to remember from this talk, I think it'll be these three. So Linux distributions. We saw Fedora modularity, and they're great for packaging and lifecycle. Then we can take that and build containers with Linux distributions. And there are tools like Builder and Podman to help you with that. And yeah, containers are just portable and isolated. So that's what we need to keep in mind. And then if we have everything in container, we don't need to care that much about the OS, but we still need to care a lot about the OS. So that's why we have immutable operating systems like CoreOS and Silverblue having few less upgrades in them. And you can follow me on Twitter. All right. That's everything I had on the slides. And now we can have questions where I can show you more demos or whatever. OK. So you started by, well, some history back in 2000 and then when Linux started to be used in production, there was some promise that you would get into your system. Everything is like that. You do human style or DNS install, whatever. And it was such a great thing for end users. It even made into a marketing motto. Linux, a battery included. You don't need to go to different optional things like the proprietary devices. At the time, you had the middleware of the time like Apache directly inside your Linux distribution as a package like everyone else. When on other systems, it was an optional add-on or whatever, not really well integrated. So today's middleware is something like Elasticso that everyone here has to run somewhere if he has a modern information system. So Elasticso is what it is. It has Java code. It has a great, nice modern JavaScript. Lately, they've been adding some bits in Golan and then to wrap it all together, you usually have unseable or something else in Python. So you show us how to install developer oriented models, Node.js or whatever. If I do, let's tell me the Elasticso model. How do you compose all those developer oriented streams into something which is useful in production, not in development but in production? That's a good question. How do I basically install something complex for developer? So you need to think about developer of what, right? I want my Elasticso. Oh, I need to repeat the question for the record. So basically the question was, if I try to make it shorter, how do I install Elasticsearch as a developer with this? A complex application. That uses a lot of different prospects. Yeah, so how do I install a complex environment that's using a lot of developers like Python, Elasticsearch and other languages maybe at once? Well, if they're packaged in Fedora, you can just type the same command. So DNF install Elasticsearch. But how does modularity help? Oh, how does modularity help? So if there are multiple versions that are actively used, there might be multiple modules that you can actually choose from. But that's basically it. It won't somehow change the packages if you want to make the development of Elasticsearch, right? Better is saying, yeah, you can have a stack module. So just for the user experience, you can take multiple modules and just wrap them into one if that's desired, if it's a really common thing. So that's like a method module. That's what you can do. But otherwise, you can basically take all the pieces and install them if you need a specific version of something. You can, but if you don't, you don't have to. But it's for using the software for development, not of development of the software. So is a module feature based on different channels inside the DNF configuration? So do you have different repos that you're pointing to that DNF modules is dealing with or is it implemented in another way inside DNF? Yeah, so the question is, how is it implemented? Is it multiple repos or is it something else? So it's everything one repo because we believe that repo is like a source of software from a third party or from some entity, right? And you can have multiple modules in one repo and it's implemented in a way that we have a module definition that basically points to different packages and makes a group, something like COMPS Group, but with additional things that make it work as modules. So everything is one repo. And I can show you details if you... So if everything is one repo, we need to do DNF update. So if you do, sorry, if you do opium minus, okay, if you download the package and you upgrade it, it will upgrade it. You need to use DNF to not update it. Yes, I need to use DNF if I want to update and I want to make sure that everything works here. DNF knows what modules you have installed and then it just follows the opium for the module. Good question. Are dependencies part of the module? And what happens if two modules need different dependencies? So this really depends case of case. You can have dependencies in the module. You can have dependencies outside of the module if they're pretty common. And if two modules conflict, you can't install two. So you can only have one if they conflict, right? So this makes it basically... In general, you can't install all the modules at once because they will, at some point, conflict. So, yeah? Sure. Yeah, that's a good point. We say that it's parallel availability, not parallel installability. So you have multiple versions available, but you can only choose one of each module. And yeah, if there is another module that conflicts, you can't install them in the same user space. But we figure that if people are using containers anyway or in the enterprise model, right, it's just one app per user space. So it's one app per container, per VM, or per even physical machine still. So that works in those cases, right? Another comment to the original question. If you want to have the whole stack of a space, application that uses this stack, we go to the second one. So we have containers. We have a group of containers, which is called POD, that represent essentially the configuration we want to run. Right, yeah, there was a comment that, yeah, another way how I can build like a complex developer stack is, for example, to do something like Kubernetes, and I can make POD, which is like multiple containers for an application. Yeah, but that's very alternative. We came from. Yeah. There's a question in the back. Yeah, you're next, you're next. How does it work with software collections? So, yeah. So I don't know if you know about software collections. Software collections are basically RPM packages that install things into separate parts so you can install multiple versions of the same thing at once. So they proved some kind of how to maintain, how to use, because you need to manipulate the parts, you need to change your application to use them. So in theory, you could put them into a module, but we don't do that. We figured that, anyway, people don't want multiple versions of the same thing in one user space. And that was causing more complication. Well, much more people don't want that. Few people do, but that's fine. They can still use that or they can use containers, right? But the general use case was that people don't care about that, so we just simplified it and using standard packages. I can replace some of the use cases of software collections. Yeah, there are many cases where people just want one just for the different versions, so that's even simpler for them right now. Right, next question? How many versions do you want to provide in modules? Yeah, how far can we go? So that really depends on the community. So basically, our team produced the technology and we helped a few people to produce some modules, but this is basically about the community what they want. You can go as far as you can. You can go as far as you can if you want. You can go as far as GCC, but that would be kind of crazy because if you have two versions of GCC, you need to have two trays of everything, right? Which is possible. By the way, that reminded me we have something called stream expansion which means that if we build, let's say we have two versions of Fedora, we have two versions of Language Runtime and two versions of Applications and if I just say I want to build everything against everything, two versions of Language Runtime for each distro and then two versions of Applications for each of those and it kind of explodes. I can control it just to the combinations I really care about, but that's all you can do. So in theory, yes, I could do that, but I don't think there will be someone who really wants to maintain something like this. Yeah, I was first. You're second. No, the question was if there's something I change in the spec file of the RPM packages for modularity to work, no, there's no changes in the spec file. Okay, not an acceptable answer in that you can't help me showing that. Okay, so if flatpacks should somehow fall into this, so yes, basically flatpacks are, I don't know if anyone knows flatpacks, these are continuous for graphical applications and we have people in Fedora, at least one guy, who tries to build flatpacks from RPMs, so the same is available as flatpacks. So, yeah, that's the way to ship the software as well. So the benefit of modularity is that we have the software available to multiple deployments, so we can deploy just RPMs right on the machine. You can ship the container, you can ship a flatpack, you can even ship a VM, I don't know if people do that. But the benefit is you have the same thing across multiple level deployment, yeah. Installation, that's right. So Nix does that, like I can switch the versions of, no. Yeah, so we have, the question was parallel availability, not parallel installability and for example, Nix of us can do parallel installation, and if there are any plans to do that, no. So, basically, that's the funny thing when we started. We had this requirement, or like we made up this requirement, let's innovate and let's not make any changes. Right? So people are using RPM distributions, and on their laptops, in the data center, like if you have, for example, a rail, like stock exchanges run on that, right? And in case it gets adopted, which it did even in rail 8 beta, we can't change it too much. So we need to stick to RPMs and we shouldn't make any changes that much, right? So if we started with nothing, we would probably do that, but we haven't started with nothing. We had to somehow keep the RPM packages. But yeah, if you need something different, then maybe different distributions might help as well, or containers. But yeah, these are basically RPM and that was part of the deal. Question? I'll just point out that in silver-blue locations. Yeah. Yeah, with silver-blue, which is the desktop version of container OS, is flat-back is the mechanism how you install graphical applications in there. And there's even repo and GNOME software, which is like an app store for GNOME. You can install flat-backs directly in there. But then flat-backs are... No, flat-backs are not in any way like connected with the OS3 now. So it works kind of like a phone. So you have the OS part, which is in this case the OS3 and you update the OS, and then you have the application updates, which comes separately from whatever place you choose to consume them. My flat-hub example is upstream happy about all this stuff. So that's the thing. Upstreams sometimes don't care that much. Sometimes do. And the reason why we have packaging is that upstreams are really nice with developing new features, making interesting features and whatever. But they live in their own worlds, right? And if you want to run things like to build complex development environment or complex application, they might somehow collapse or just don't work together. So that's why we have packaging. We have packaging guidelines to make sure that everything is packaged in consistent way. So we have packages who actually just have opinions about where files are on the disk, and they just somehow reshuffle everything and make it work together. So these are very different worlds and these are very rarely the same person. So in principle, they shouldn't care. And if they're maintaining two versions, we consume two versions, right? If they don't, we probably wouldn't somehow just take something and support it and like package it in Fedora. That would be weird, yeah? How do you deal with divergence? Because we all know, for example, in an ideal Fedora mobility world, you have Python 2 stream and Python 3 stream. And we all know that almost no one managed to jump from 2 to 3. That's a very good question. You have apps which are Yeah, that's a very good question. So what about Python, right? Python 2 and Python 3? These are usually on the same system at the same time. So Python is a special case. And we kind of have modules called Python 2 and called Python 3. So these are different modules because different pythons. And they even went to extreme to have like module called Python 3.7 Python 3.6 so you can install all them at the same time. So they kind of abusing the system, but they had the exception to the rule. Are you to be the exception long term? Because once you have modules and developers only care with their own little dependence, their own little stack, here that soon we'll have a well little bit of big apps that each depend on incompatible modules. Oh right, yeah. So what happens if this divergence goes too far? We have like large apps that depend on a different version of modules. So what we encourage is that you should consume the default whenever possible. So if there is a default version you should really consume the default version and then you don't need to care about this. You need to have good reason to require an alternative version because exactly then it breaks for other applications, right? But on the other hand if you really need to do that, you can do that. But yeah of course it's not magic that will somehow fix everything. But yeah that's the recommendation just like if there is a default try to use the default so it's not in conflict with everything else. But yeah you can come to the run package something really weird and just like include and make sure that it only works with nothing else. That's fine. If there is a use case for it we can do it. But yeah, it won't be the general case. Oh by the way we are doing discussions here. If people came just for the talk, I won't be offended if you leave. That's fine. If you're interested just in discussion because I wanted to have a little discussion here you're very welcome to stay. Just don't want to pressure anyone to just wait for the end. Yeah. How do I kill versions? That's a very good question. So for example if Node.js 8 goes end of life we are actually working on mechanism which is almost done. When we say that for example Node.js 8 ends in Federal 30 and this is just made up thing. So we can just record this information and the build system is clever enough to just stop building it at 30. So if I already have it installed on my system and I upgrade what happens. So that's basically the same scenario what happens if a traditional package somehow dies in Fedora and just gets removed it stays on your system but you will be prompted that hey this is out of life so you should probably switch to something that's still maintained. Do you have any other questions? Yes. Yeah. Good question. So when I update CoroS or Silverblue and I have these snapshots and so how long do I keep the old snapshots? So I always keep two well the system always keeps two and it keeps them forever so as long as you do an update it always keeps the previous one so you can just go back whenever but if you do two updates only one will be there right now. Anything to discuss? All right thanks for coming.

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PSY516_Topic021

PSY516 - Statistics in Psychology By Dr. Saima Ghazal

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भ्दिन्तिपर्ऑण किम academy, 4 scientists solve the questionnaire very quickly, भिन्की ज near research with my friend, आरकी at a very goodarrig for social media. एक द म olm �anco on our channel, मनु此 थोगसा सोब सुईद. माझो की दीडाि ज की बर लादिप्र्ठन् ना mani adillion advantages other than calculating the properties, मेई को जै को सुश than calculating the properties of the data, तो में भी मुझे एकजाक्तली इतनी जादा इन्फोमेशन नहीं देगी सिंगर स्कोर अलोन नाद गीव यु मुझे न्फोमेशन अंटिल और अन लेस मुझे पता चले और उगर अपका ख्लास में स्टाट्स की तेस्ट के अपर ये सेवन्टी फीप का स्कोर है परसंटाल रांक अप पतिकलर स्कोर सेवन्टी अप परसंटेज अप न्दिवज्वल अप दिस्टीवूशन विद देश्कोर एक तो और लेस मुझे पतिकलर वाल्य। मसन अगर अपका फर्स करें परसंटाल रांक है, 63 परसंटाल अपका है तो इसका मतलब है के आप से 63 परसंट लोग जो है, खलास में आप से नीचे हैं और बाखी लोग आप से उपर सकोर कर रहें और परसंटाल क्यो ताए क्यो ता है, वेशन चोर इस दिप्फाँईड बागत परसंटाल रांक तो आप कोईद परसंटाल अपका सकोर 75 है, और 75 के सकोर का परसंटाल बनता है, 63 परसंटाल तो इसका मतलब है के 75 जो है, जो सकोर है, that is 63 परसंटाल इन जो डेट, maybe I have explained it in this next slide, which will make more clear, that suppose you have a score of 63 and exactly 70% of the class has a score of 63 or lower than your score. तो इसका मतलब के आप का जो परसंटाल रांक है, with the 63 scores, that is 70th percentile, जब के जो सकोर 63 है, that will be called 70th percentile. और इस में फिर ये एक इंटरपतेशन बड़ी परसंटाल की, हम परसंटेज के तरा इसकी इंटरपतेशन नहीं कहते, बल के यस का मतलब है के आप से किने परसंट, किके परसंटाल बसिकली रांक है, रांक का मतलब है के आप की देटा में एक स्टान्टिंग पूँशिशन है कि अप कहाँपे फाल कर रहें? परसंटाल रांक कालिट करने के लिए you need a column of class limits. परसंटाल बसिकली रांक कालिट करने के लिए you need a column of class limits. परसंटाल बसिकली रांक करने के लिए you need a column of class limits. परसंटाल बसिकली रांक करने के लिए you need a column of class limits. परसंटाल बसिकली रांक करने के लिए you need a column of class limits. बसिकली रांक करने के लिए you need a column of class limits. बसिकली रांक करने करने के लिए you need a column of class limits. अपकान है किस देटा में 50th percentile अंगा अगा अगा अगर परस करे हाँम ने आपका निकालना है किस देटा में 50th percentile क्या है में ने पष्ली स्लठ में पताया कि percentile का मतलब है के you have to refer to the score यहण खोन्साँ चोर है जो 50th percentile को representative को अगर विरज़ित परसनटाई। आप वूर मिला केसे करें गये किस सब से पहले मैंने आपने आपने डेता के अन दर आप परफति� hand परसंटायल ना काँ ना है। ययने प्पूफ्ती दिवडित भाई हनध और आपने आपने डेता का मउब आप एक क्या मेरा एन साईस कितना ययने on तब से पहले ल आदेंटीपाए करनाए, ल का मब आब है के लोईर लिमित अफ योर मोडल ख्लास. लोईर लिमित अफ योर मोडल ख्लास का मब आब है के हमारी ए, पाइप और नाईन है तो हम इसको 4.5 लिख लिख लेंगे, which I have written here. उसके बाद आई का मब है क्लास अंटर्वल, आपने कितना विर्त का हार अंटर्वल बनाया है, तो 0-4, 5-9 का मब है क्यमारा क्लास अंटर्वल, 5 का है. So, I will do 4.5 plus 5. Frequency आपने देनी है, F model class की, हमारी model class की frequency है 10. अब आपने ये पी, divide it by 100 into N, already निकाल लिए वाई, जो हमने 10 निकालाता, यह निकाल आब आपने क्यमारा है. तो हमने 10 निकालाता, और उसके बाद क्यमिलेटी फ्रिक्वँंसी, बिलो का मब है कि अप देटा अदर्वल लेंगे, तो हम उसके नीचे वली क्यमिलेटी फ्रिक्ववँंसी लेलेंगे, तो C F B हमारी ये बन जाती है, which is 2. तो हम उसको, minus 2 करेंगे, और हम उसका क्यमिलेट करेंगे. तो, ये हम निक ये है, minus 2. और इसको अगर हम सोल्फ करेंगे, तो, हमारा अंसर आजेगा, 8.5 जो already निकाला है, और उसको अगर हम राून कर देटा हमारा देटा दिसक्रीट है, वोल नमबर्स में दिए है, तो, हम उसको नाएं कर देंगे. कि हमारा आगया 50th percentile, इसको मतलब है, कि आपके डेटा में 50th percentile क्या है, इसके अगगा परसचन तायल, तो बता लगें आपका नहीं कर रींगा विए नाएं कोगा सकोर, विचु जो नाइन तो जिस बंदी के भी नाएं नमबर आए हैं अपक एकुएं। उसको परसचन तायल तुभ िीट बच्छत बन थाए, जिस का मतलब है के 50% क्लास उसके नीचे माक्स लेरी आप 50% क्लास उसके उपर नमब लेरी आप जिस अ मेंने पहले बताया के जब हम परसंटायल्ग निकालतें तो वो रांग सबेशिकली पोजीशन्स हैं तो अगर आप इस देटा को औरगनाइस कर लें और अरेज़ कर के लिखलें और उसके बाज वो आप की 10th position आगी वो 9 नमबर ही होगा मसलन मैं लेट स दूएट एस को मैं औरगनाइस कर के आप को कर के लिखातें। ठैंक के उब जो भी वलु है आप आप वी खडिट पर संटायल आप हैं फीर्फिदट पर संटायल कोईट लिखातेंगे लिट कर के आप बाज यहगे ने नहीं तो लिगागा. उत छा कर लिगे कोईट बाज था अप आप लिखाडिट है और छल गडय के लिग. या उसको हम तेबल में बी प्रजेंट कर सकते हैं, उसको हम ग्राफ में बिकर सकते हैंशु approved frequency distribution । या उसको हम तेबल में बी प्रजेंट कर सकते हैं, उसको हम गल्फ में बी कर सकते हैं एशें T. इसी तरा हम cumulative frequency curve से २ PASSEN tile kommun & Tiles को लीद कर सकते हैं, उसे नहीं में हैं में परहयी देखॉछ लेए देखॉछ नंगी वें। तुऐ में भी की उब तॉधात से वे परश्ँाल ऑर वो उझार की खॉछ भी देखॉछ था। अब यों ज़े देखना से लगा कि लेए रँप देखना गॉछ बात लिस, आप में भी एह Him Adha, तो, I will go up and I will see कि जनाब भी में जागे लैंगो फित करूँँँँा, वोतके अगेंच चाखे मैं रिएट करूँँँँँँ कक वूस बमदी का 30 पर्ँसीं टाल बनता है. 30 पर्ँसीं टाल का मह्ब है कि जोभी बंदी श्कोर खे टेस्ट के अपर 12 कर सकोर लेरी एे, टवःट तेरटी बर्सचन ख्रास उसे नीचे स्कोर कर लिए। और भाखी श्पषाठटी पर्सचन ख्रास उसे उपर स्कोर कर लिए, ख़िसिः दे न्तप़त आप परस्चन ताल दशाज। लेकिन अगर अपने दیکना है इक आप के 60th परस्चन टाल क हूँपर यटीज में मेरे स्कोर्ज हैं हस्चारहे मने आज देटा के अंदर लिगती हैं यस में आटी री होगा येटी फैव होगा येटी तू होगा और � AT ॐटी ॐँँजा सिम्मिल्लौरहीं बाकी वागी स्कोर्ज में एं डेसक्ती होगा रेडानद रेदार, समच सकें कहईसे कैसे कलास बाअण़ारी बनते हैं, कैसे खलास लिम्ट्ष बनते हैं, कहईसे देटा को वरजनायस करते हैं, पहर उसी डेटा को ग्लाफ़े रेपच्ण कहने हैं. अफिर उसी डेटा में से हम वो दिस्क्रप्ते वो पर्संटाल्स रीट कर सकता है।

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HT M L3B Conduction 3

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So, we will get started where professor Arun left us that is to just to take a recap what did we do is we realize that we need to put fins there is no other option why because there are three ways of increasing the heat transfer rate as is obvious from this equation that is either I can increase h which as we discussed earlier increasing h always involves improving the pumping power or increasing the pumping power. So, it comes at a cost and decreasing t infinity that also as to involve pumping power the only innocuous or harmless way of increasing the heat transfer rate is increasing the area that is essentially what we are doing in by putting the fins now. So, there are multiple ways of putting fins how exactly we should be putting that is what is the question what we are answering. So, now we saw various applications and we saw a general conduction analysis we took variable area and we applied the energy balance Q x is the Q in E in and E out is Q x plus dx and d Q convection. So, if I put those terms here and substitute for each one of them from four years law of conduction I am going to get an equation something like this where in which if I assume that the AC is constant that is the cross sectional area of my fin is constant and this term is going to vanish that is 1 upon AC d AC by dx is going to vanish. So, I am going to left out with d square t by dx square minus of 1 by AC h by k d as by dx into t minus t infinity. So, now to make it look elegant the fin can be any cross section as he shown here we have just taken a plane surface or a plane plate or it can be pin fin this is usually called as pin fin because it is like a pin. So, this can be rectangular fin or a pin fin. So, essentially in these two cases the cross sectional area is constant or any other shape which you can conceive in however the cross sectional area has to be constant that is what this derivation is relevant for from now on. So, the equation is d square t by dx square minus h p by k AC t minus t infinity equal to 0. So, we said that we will write this little more elegant that is t minus t infinity equal to theta and m square equal to h p by k AC what is that we are looking for from this equation let us stop and ask ourselves the question why did we frame this equation what for the main reason for framing this equation is we are interested in the temperature distribution of the fin why do I need temperature distribution from the temperature distribution I can compute what is the heat loss or what is the heat transferred from my fin to the atmosphere which is what I am trying to maximize by putting the fins. So, it is always a good idea yesterday since yesterday we did not tell neither myself nor professor Arun told in any derivation in the middle of the derivation it is we need to emphasize two things one is assumptions. In fact, professor Arun you would have noticed in the morning he spent almost half an hour in explaining assumptions equations we went fast the main reason for doing is that we need to know to what conditions this derivation is relevant for that is to that extent the assumptions are important. Second thing is that in the middle of the derivation every time we need to stop ourselves and ask where are we and what are we so what are we why are we doing this derivation. So that is that is always an important thing as a teacher to stop and ask the students so that they remind themselves what we are looking for and we will be able to get to the or we will be able to reach all the students even if they are lost in between. So the equation reduces to d squared theta by dx squared minus m squared theta equal to 0 and m squared is h p k ac what is h it is the heat transfer coefficient between the fin surface and the atmosphere p is the perimeter k is thermal conductivity of the fin material ac is the cross sectional area of the fin. So as professor told the temperature distribution or the solution of this equation is this is the second order linear differential equation so the solution of that is C1 e to the power of mx plus C2 e to the power of minus mx. So if I need to get C1 and C2 I need to know the boundary conditions so what are the boundary conditions one of the boundary conditions is imposed on us that is the base temperature so if I take any fin yeah if I take this fin the base temperature is fixed but the other boundary condition can be changing in this case what I am showing here is a convective boundary condition the boundary conditions what we are going to choose are four that is convective heat transfer boundary condition from the fin tip adiabatic that is insulated prescribed the temperature maintained at the fin tip infinite fin as professor told the closest would be among all these boundary conditions for the real life would be something like convective heat transfer from the fin tip that would be the closest most of the times adiabatic I do not think we will be coming across most of the times because insulating also is quite difficult for fin and why do you insulate when you want to have more heat loss and of course infinite fin is a theoretical concept to arrive at what is the maximum length because this is always infinite is not infinite for engineers I keep telling this in all my classes for engineers it is not infinite infinite is also finite but how big or how large is that infinite is the question we can answer when we take up this infinite fin now we are not going to solve all the four cases I am just going to solve one of the cases that is the adiabatic condition and each and every step is there in the transparency I am not going to write on the white board I am going to follow only the transparencies please come along with me while I am taking this is pure algebra there is no heat transfer involved in this so two boundary conditions let us remind ourselves that is at x equal to 0 that is if this is my fin and this is x equal to 0 and this is x equal to l what we are saying is that at x equal to 0 t is equal to tb and at x equal to l we are taking insulated boundary condition by now we know insulated dt by dx equal to 0 at x equal to l so these are the two boundary conditions which we are going to put for our equation which we derived in terms of theta so what is theta theta equal to c1 e to the power of mx plus c2 e to the power of minus mx for those people who have lost what is theta theta is theta equal to t minus t infinity theta equal to t minus t infinity we are interested in getting this so theta equal to so now coming to the boundary conditions so I have one of the boundary conditions d theta by dx at x equal to l equal to 0 and theta equal to c1 e to the power of mx plus c2 e to the power of minus mx so theta equal to theta b because what is theta b at x equal to 0 t equal to tb tb minus t infinity we are calling it as theta b that is at x equal to 0 we have t equal to tb and theta of 0 equal to tb minus t infinity equal to theta b now what do I get so I get theta b equal to that is at x equal to 0 e to the power of 0 is 1 e to the power of minus 0 is also 1 so I get theta b equal to c1 plus c2 so that is one of the boundary condition what is the other boundary condition that is d theta by dx at x equal to l equal to 0 so if I differentiate this equation m c1 e to the power of mx but at x equal to l so I have e to the power of ml minus of y minus when I differentiate this I get minus mx minus m so that is what I got minus m c2 e to the power of minus mx at x equal to l so this becomes minus ml which is equal to 0 because d theta by dx equal to 0 at x equal to l if I equate this e to the power of ml if I push this e to the power of ml to the right hand side so I get sorry the other way round that is e to the power of minus ml if I push to the other side so I get c2 equal to c1 e to the power of 2 ml on the other hand I know theta b equal to c1 plus c2 so if I substitute for c2 I get c1 plus c1 e to the power of 2 ml that means c1 equal to theta b upon 1 plus e to the power of 2 ml so I have got c1 so if I substitute this c1 here I will get c2 so c2 would be equal to theta b into e to the power of 2 ml upon 1 plus 2 ml e to the power of 2 ml that is what is done here. So you get c1 and c2 so if I am going fast let me write this for the sake of completion so what did we get so we got c1 as we got c1 as we got c1 as theta b upon 1 plus e to the power of 2 ml is that right okay so then c2 equal to c1 e to the power of 2 ml so all that I need to do is substitute this c1 here I am going to get c2 so once I get this c1 and c2 I have the temperature distribution written as theta equal to c1 e to the power of mx plus c2 e to the power of minus mx so I need to substitute now this c1 and this c2 here and get my theta that is essentially what I am trying to do in this derivation. So when I substitute that c1 and c2 so I get theta by theta b which is theta b is common for both the sides so I get e to the power of mx upon 1 plus 2 ml plus e to the power of 2 ml into e to the power of minus mx that is this is c1 and this is c2 so this is c1 e to the power of mx c1 is 1 upon 1 plus 2 to the power of e to the power of 2 ml and c2 is e to the power of 2 ml upon 1 plus e to the power of 2 ml so you have theta b common so you get theta by theta b equal to whole of this equation so if I go ahead and do the algebra theta by theta b equal to e to the power of mx upon 1 plus 2 e to the power of 2 ml and e to the power of minus mx I am pushing this e to the power of 2 ml to the denominator so I get 1 upon e to the power of 2 ml plus 1 this 1 upon e to the power of 2 ml can be written as e to the power of minus 2 ml that is what essentially I am doing in this step so theta by theta b equal to whole lot of this equation now I do little bit of circus so that it I can write this in the form of hyperbolic functions so I multiply throughout for this term by e to the power of minus ml multiply both the numerator and denominator by e to the power of minus ml so that is e to the power of mx into e to the power of minus ml upon e to the power of minus ml plus 2 ml minus ml gives me e to the power of ml so similarly here I will multiply and divide by e to the power of ml so e to the power of minus mx into e to the power of ml upon e to the power of ml plus e to the power of minus ml that is actually this is e to the power of minus 2 ml minus 2 ml into e to the power of ml I get e to the power of minus ml and this term becomes e to the power of ml so now if If you see this I can take common here in the powers m into x minus l and here m into x minus l. If I rearrange this the denominator is common so I can write e to the power of minus e to the power of m into x minus l plus e to the power of minus m into x minus l. So this is of the form e to the power of x plus e to the power of minus x by 2 if I just take only the numerator that is if I divide numerator by 2 and denominator by 2 I can write the numerator as cos hyperbolic m x minus l upon cos hyperbolic m l. So remember remind yourself what is m? m is square root of hp by ka so if I fix the h if I know the material of my fin I should be getting m. I know m, I know the length of my fin I know the base temperature this is Tb minus T infinity I know the base temperature so I this theta is T minus T infinity I should be getting the temperature of my fin at any given location x throughout the length of the fin. So what have we achieved? We have achieved the temperature distribution what is next left out we have got the voltage now we need to get the current so that is the heat flux that are the heat transfer rate. So that is what we are trying to do here q equal to minus ka c dt by dx at x equal to 0. So if you do that I know I need to I have the temperature distribution in terms of theta so let me rearrange this dt by dx in terms of theta. So that is dt by dx is also equal to dt by dx why because theta equal to theta is equal to T of x minus T infinity. So T infinity is constant so dt by dx will be equal to dt by dx minus 0 so that is what is coming out that is why I am able to write dt by dx as dt by dx that is what is happening here. Minus ka c dt by dx at x equal to 0 but what is my theta just little while ago we derived this but differentiating this becomes little difficult so I am taking one of the intermediate steps from here and putting that that is e to the power of mx upon e to the power of 2 ml plus e to the power of minus mx plus upon 1 plus e to the power of minus 2 ml. I think you can very easily see why am I doing this because denominators are constant if I differentiate I need to differentiate only the numerator. So this is just mathematical ease for mathematical ease I am taking one of the intermediate steps if you want to see that you have that step here this is the step this is the step I am taking this is the step I am taking. So if I differentiate this that is d theta by dx that is this if I differentiate d theta by dx at x equal to 0 theta b is constant so theta b will stay as it is into all of the bracket denominator is a constant so we are going to retain as it is e if I differentiate e to the power of mx I am going to get m e to the power of mx but x equal to 0 so e to the power of 0 is 1 so I am left out with m similarly if I differentiate e to the power of minus mx I am going to be left out with minus m because e to the power of minus 0 is 1 so minus m upon 1 plus e to the power of minus 2 ml I get. So now if I pull out this m outside because it is common so if I pull that out and do the algebra so that is m theta b into 1 upon 1 plus e to the power of 2 ml minus 1 upon 1 plus e to the power of minus 2 ml this if I substitute in my heat loss what am I up to using the temperature distribution I want to find the heat transfer rate which is again given by Fourier's law minus k ac d theta by dx at x equal to 0 I am always asked this question in the class how can I use Fourier's law now we are applying fin and there is convection remember Fourier's law can be applied as long as my heat transfer is one dimensional and there is no energy generation there is no energy generation in my fin okay so and it is one dimensional I have assumed that in my fin it is one dimensional you can ask me how correct is this one dimensional heat transfer yes it is not always one dimensional but usually the fins are quite slender that means if they are quite long compared to their thickness so that is why it is a it is a reasonably good assumption to take the fin as one day of course with the present day computers and present day software we can use the software's CFD analysis for numerical methods for solving complete 2D or 3D but still these derivations are these results are going to tell us the influence of various parameters very elegantly so coming back so I use this d theta by dx at x equal to 0 all of this and substitute this here so I get minus k ac m theta b into whole of this this is a reminder for m m is equal to square root of hp by k ac this is ac cross sectional area so minus k ac into square root of hp by k ac theta b into what am I doing here again I am multiplying this with e to the power of minus ml numerator and denominator here I am multiplying e to the power of ml in the numerator and denominator so if I do this what can you see here so k ac so k ac one k ac will get cancelled out with another k ac so I am left out with square root of k ac I get square root of hp k ac theta b remember theta b is not inside the square root it is outside the square root so now this minus I have pushed inside so I get first e to the power of ml why am I doing this because numerators are same so e to the power of ml minus e to the power of minus ml upon e to the power of minus ml plus e to the power of ml so this is sin hyperbolic ml this is cos hyperbolic ml if I divide both sides by 2 numerator and denominator so I get tan hyperbolic ml so heat transfer rate is given by square root of hp k ac theta b into tan hyperbolic ml very this equation is going to have very very far reaching implications in the sense that you can see very easily very easily that if I use a highly thermally conductive material my heat transfer rate is quite high in the next problem we are going to see that the copper is going to be much much better than stainless steel or aluminum why because k is high and heat transfer rate is directly seeing that is it is directly proportional not directly proportional to k but it is proportional to square root of k so definitely if I increase k my heat transfer rate is high so that is one of the primary reasons why you see always all fins made of copper or aluminum see copper we cannot use because it is quite expensive okay so we tend to use aluminum copper thermal conductivity is 400 aluminum thermal conductivity is around if I am right 100 if it is around 100 so it is 3 times not so good but still because of its cheapness we go for aluminum just check for thermal conductivity of aluminum okay so just to take recap what did we do we took one of the boundary conditions that is adiabatic boundary condition of the fin tip and we took the boundary conditions d theta by dx at x equal to l equal to 0 and the base temperature is theta b that is t equal to tb we solved this equation found the boundary condition found the constants c1 and c2 and found the temperature distribution and using this temperature distribution we found the heat loss or the heat transfer rate heat loss is not a good word heat transfer rate from the fins whenever I use the word loss I would like to minimize it but here in the fins heat transfer rate is appropriate because I want to maximize the heat transfer so likewise all other boundary conditions we can work out for adiabatic prescribed temperature and infinite fin so by and large we have given in the notes salient steps if not all steps so this is the convective boundary condition that is hac t at l minus t infinity equal to minus kac dt by dx into at x of l so if I transform this in terms of theta it reduces to something like this if I apply this boundary condition and get we will be able to get there are certain steps which are skipped here we would strongly encourage you to go back and sit down and do those steps yourself and we will get theta by theta b essentially as a function of again m and l so again it is it will look elegant if you put in hyperbolic functions that is why we have to do some mathematical manipulation all the time and the heat transfer rate also we will be able to get using minus kac dt by dx at x equal to 0 only because once I get the temperature distribution it is quite easy to get the heat transfer rate that is what we are getting here similarly for adiabatic boundary condition also one can work out and prescribed temperature maintained at the fin tip also can be obtained similarly and infinite fin also one can come from finite case that is from kc that is prescribed temperature maintained at the fin tip only we are going to use that is this equation we are going to use and extend x to infinity so that is what l tending to infinity theta l tends to 0 so that is there is no temperature gradient that is what we are going to substitute and we get theta by theta b as e to the power of minus mx and qf equal to theta b into square root of hp kac so this is easy to remember of course we do not advocate you to remember anything but this is the essential summary for all boundary conditions this is the tip condition convection adiabatic prescribed temperature infinite fin this is the temperature distribution this is the fin heat transfer rate so these are all essentially functions of m and l so except for infinite fin where it is e to the power of minus mx and here also e transfer rate for infinite fin it is theta b into square root of hp kac so I think with this we are ready for a problem now professor Arun will take this problem and I am giving this problem over to professor Arun. So it is a very interesting problem actually if you take a look at the problem statement lot of things actually can be learnt from this problem so that is why we will spend time on this a very long rod 5 millimeter in diameter has one of the ends maintained at 100 degree centigrade surface of the rod is exposed to ambient air at 25 degree centigrade with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 100 watt per meter square Kelvin. So you have basically a fin so this is the rod the red color one so the diameter is 5 mm and 1 n that is the base portion is maintained at 100 degree centigrade and the ambient condition that is h is 100 watt per meter square Kelvin T infinity is 25 degree centigrade. What are you supposed to do determine the temperature distribution along the rod constructed from pure copper 2024 aluminum alloy and AISI 316 stainless steel what are the corresponding heat losses or heat transfer rates from these different material rods. The next part of course is the more interesting one estimate how long the rods must be for the assumption of infinite length to yield an accurate estimate of the heat loss we will come back to this in detail this requires reasonable amount of discussion so we will first state the problem and try to come up with the solution for this. So if you are with me this diagram is drawn so there is a base temperature specified there is h and T infinity also specified the material is known so thermal conductivity is the thermal conductivity is also specified for these materials. Now assumptions typically similar assumptions to what we had done during the derivation steady state condition one dimensional conduction along the rod the whole derivation was based on this assumption constant known properties thermal conductivity etcetera is constant negligible radiation exchange because that h what we have is primarily convective heat transfer coefficient and this heat transfer coefficient is uniform so we do not we are going to consider it as a constant value throughout properties again this is something which we tell our students in real life properties will not be given you have to go to a data book or back of the text book or the net to find out the properties. So properties are going to vary with temperature as most of us know so what is the temperature at which you want to take this properties typically if you do not have an idea of what the actual temperature would be which is proper in this case we do not know what the temperature of the fin is going to be from here to here all we know is that the base is at 100 degree and the air is at 25. So roughly at the average of the 200 plus 25 by 2 that is 62 and a half degree centigrade we take the properties and we say that things are reasonably constant over the working range of temperatures. Now if the temperature range is very high so if one one if the base temperature is 500 and the ambient is 25 or 30 then still you will have to take the average value but in that case the average value would be significantly different from the temperatures at from the properties at one of the ends of the other. So 225 if it is the average and the base is at 500 and the tip is at 25 then you are talking of a difference of 200 degrees there itself so in such cases you might have to go especially if you are writing a computer program where you are going to do something by iterative method you can actually feed in the properties as a function of temperature but for a classroom exercise where you are trying to just solve and get a back of the envelope solution this average temperature or mean temperature properties are fine. So at this temperature copper thermal conductivity is about 498 aluminum is 180 and stainless steel is 14. So 398, 180 and 14 you see this is about you know 14 times so 13 or 14 times stainless steel and this is more than double copper is more than double of aluminum so this is about 28 to 30 times the properties. So thermal conductivity you will see plays a very very very important role in the heat transfer rate through fins. Now we are going to assume an infinitely long fin why do we do that wherein the problem are we given that it is an infinitely long fin are we given the length we are not given the length we are just given the diameter. So we say let us assume an infinitely long fin and of course the next part is the giveaway estimate how long the rod must be in order that the assumption of infinite length is accurate. So this also tells me that we can start with the assumption of infinitely long fin. So we start with that and Sirus taught us the solution methodology and we have these solutions. Now in our engineering colleges exams etcetera unfortunately at least when we were studying when I was studying we had to memorize these formulas to come for an exam. I hope that trend is not there and people have access to these formulae because in the real life you have everything at your fingertips either in the form of a book or the internet or some kind of a program or notes whatever. So formulae memorization should be kept minimum because whole time the students energy goes in remembering whether it is a plus or a minus sign or whether it is this value or that value. So let us not emphasize in fact the in universities which are non autonomous it is probably very difficult to change to effect an overnight change but where colleges which are autonomous are where the teachers have the power to set appropriate questions and test students appropriately. Sincerely urge you not to have anything where formulae have to be memorized. Of course you have to say Reynolds number we have to know Prandtl number we need to know what it is but I do not I should not expect a student to memorize any of these formulae. It is criminal because we ourselves do not remember. So it is unfair to expect students to remember these and let us hope that wherever we have the ability to effect a change we should not ask questions where these have to be remembered by the student. Give the table how does it matter even in the university system if you have to give a problem involving fins give the table let the student choose the appropriate formula because in the real life he has access to all these and he should know how to use he should know what is this m what is this k where to get this h from because in a real life situation h will have to be calculated. So those are the things that you are going to test not a brute memorization of these formulae. So this is something which we are harping on we need to effect these kind of changes otherwise we are just going to produce good people who know to memorize things well and students who memorize well will obviously get good marks whether they are good engineers or know that is left for everyone to debate. So let us try to change things as much as we can so that these things are avoided anyway coming back to the problem this formulae is available where did this come from it came from here. So for infinite fin temperature distribution theta by theta b is equal to e to the minus m x. So theta by theta b I write it as t minus t infinity that is theta divided by t b minus t infinity that is theta b that is equal to e to the minus m x. So I have rearranged this to give you t because t is the unknown for us what are we supposed to find we are supposed to find that temperature distribution and the heat transfer rate heat loss or heat transfer rate when each of these materials are used. So I need the temperature distribution so I know the base temperature I need to find what is the temperature distribution. So m of course is known to us h b by k under root. So everything is known I can get the temperature distribution that is perimeter is pi times d for a circle I will I will write this I do not want to speak in air. So for this rod m is equal to under root h p by k a c h times pi d divided by k times pi by 4 d square this is the cross sectional area this is going to give me 4 h by k d under root that is what I have here. So 4 h by k d square root so I have theta over theta b theta over theta b is equal to t minus t infinity divided by t base minus t infinity is equal to e to the minus m x. So I substitute for this m so t minus t infinity is equal to t base minus t infinity e to the minus 4 h by k d square root times x therefore t of x local temperature at any location is given by this form e to the minus 4 h by k d square root times x. So if I know this t base is known t infinity is known h is known k is known h is known k is known diameter is known everything is known. So all I have to do is substitute various values of x to get a temperature distribution this can be put in a spreadsheet or substitute various values of x point 1 point 2 so on and so forth you will get the temperature distribution and knowing the thermal conductivity of aluminum copper and stainless steel that is what is going to change. So for each of these three materials I can get the temperature distribution so I get t of x and that is what is plotted here. So if I substitute for h and d and thermal conductivities please make a note of this value of m that is under root h p by k c square root comes out to be 14.12 for copper 21.2 for aluminum 75.6 for stainless steel this m is what is going to control because that is what is going to have the k embedded in it. So you see when I make a plot of this temperature distribution on the same graph again when in our assignments now most students have access to some kind of computer. So we can give assignments of the form where they try to do these things plotting interpretations by looking at graphs etcetera because merely solving a problem you know if I give numbers what is the temperature at the tip what is the temperature at this location I am going to get one unique answer. Whereas if I give a problem of this nature all students almost will be able to come up with this equation and even if they make 10 data points x is equal to 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 so on and so forth and I do this for three different materials I can get some kind of a plot ask them to plot it on the same graph they will at least get to see you know this kind of a trend and believe me this kind of a trend I think they will learn a lot more than giving 20 problems of the same type even this one problem is quite a powerful tool. So your assignments because you cannot ask like this in an exam. So we cannot do this in an exam but definitely in a class assignment or in homework assignment which students take for a week or something to do you can definitely ask them this kind of an exercise. So you can give for one group of 4 or 5 people stainless steel another group copper aluminum so on and so forth and actually have a discussion on what are these. So you can discuss this problem and that way fins are so much well understood and the person who has done stainless steel will appreciate that oh yes this is a sluggish distribution whereas in copper it is a very sharp distribution I mean the pink one is copper it is a very nice distribution for copper whereas for stainless steel it is a very very sharp decrease in temperature and then you come to almost a constant value which is equal to about 40 degrees or 35 degrees centigrade. So what when we give assignments also let it not be run of the mill kind of problems anyway. So this plot tells me lot of things first the pink line represents the temperature distribution in case of copper the red line represents aluminum and the blue line represents stainless steel. Now remember several I mean about 2 hours ago when we started fins I said heat transfer through the fin is equal to Q H A T minus T infinity this was the definition we used and we said yes very nice this is increased very nicely the heat transfer rate has to increase. But we also said this product A times T minus T infinity is what is going to control because in case of a bare surface the temperature difference is T base minus T infinity in case of a finned surface this temperature difference is T minus T infinity and if I take the length this difference progressively decreases with length. So this is temperature or delta T I might say T minus T infinity it is going to decrease with length. So section 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 if I divide I am going to see a driving temperature difference reducing with length which means the heat transfer if I take the heat transfer in this part it is H A this delta T next part H A this delta T so on and so forth and that is precisely what you are seeing here the driving temperature difference in case of stainless steel is almost equal to 0 what is your ambient temperature your ambient temperature T infinity is 25 degree centigrade the plot comes and settles to about 25 or 25 degree centigrade this middle mark is 20 and this is slightly above that so it is about 25. So in roughly about 40 mm length U that stainless steel fins temperature drops considerably to reach almost 25 degree centigrade. So if I have a fin of stainless steel which is going anything beyond 50 mm it is actually useless because you see this blue line it is almost horizontal delta T which is there for that part is almost equal to 0. So this portion of the fin the horizontal portion of the fin is going to offer nothing meaning no heat transfer or negligible heat transfer but you are going to increase the cost you are going to increase the weight you are going to add to the pressure drop associated with the flow you are going to have all sorts of negative implications rather than anything rather than getting anything useful from this extended surface beyond 50 mm. Also you our equation we had let us go back to the whiteboard T minus T infinity one of the first criteria for in the fin lecture we said was the temperature should be as close to the base temperature as possible. And we also said only when the thermal conductivity is infinite can I have uniform temperature throughout I showed this plot also I remember showing this plot when I have infinite thermal conductivity this is going to be the case we always will have a drop in temperature. But how close this is to the base temperature is what I am looking for I know this is the more realistic case a second one this will never be there but how close is it is this temperature coming to 58 or can I somehow have a material which makes it 68 or 70 as compared to 40. So, I want to look for a material whose temperature distribution is almost a straight line with respect to the base temperature. So, that is not possible but I want to slow down the drop in stainless steel the drop is very rapid whereas in copper if you see it takes almost about 250 to 300 millimeter length for the fin temperature to reach the base temperature sorry to reach the free stream temperature of 25 degree centigrade. So, even at about 200 millimeter length there is at least a 10 degree delta T available for heat transfer of course, the good heat transfer happens in the first 100 meters but nevertheless unlike stainless steel here you still have utility up to about 200 to 250 millimeter length in case of aluminum you have some kind of utility at least up to 100, 150 millimeter length. So, it is a very very important observation that we make from this problem. So, this k is what is controlling and you see this is 14 times roughly 14 times higher than this one and therefore, the length you see is also much shorter what is desirable this is absolutely not desirable this is what is desirable. The copper one is what is desirable that is why fins are made of typically materials like copper aluminum bronze etcetera which have much higher thermal conductivity. So, from these distributions it is evident that whatever I have told is being summarized little additional that is any additional delta T or any additional length that you introduce is going to contribute to negligible increase in heat transfer. So, 50, 200 and 300 mm they have written. So, beyond 50 mm for stainless steel beyond 200 mm for aluminum and beyond 300 mm for copper there is no use of adding any more fin material. And next we are asked to find the heat transfer rate there is a formula directly for it theta B times under root HP k A everything is known HP k A everything is known theta B is also known. So, I will be able to calculate this for all the materials 8.3 watts for copper for aluminum it is 5.6 watts for aluminum quartz and for stainless steel it is 1.6 watts. Remember this formula this heat transfer rate does not take into account any length. So, we are not considering any length issue here at all we are calculating the heat transfer rate based on the temperature distribution. It only involves H perimeter which is pi times d k and cross sectional area pi by 4 d square theta B which is the base temperature minus the free stream temperature. So, this implication I mean this graph is not anywhere used, but this graph is essentially what is going to give you the heat transfer. So, in this case you have very low heat transfer medium and highest heat transfer in case of copper fins that is why we in fact most fins are made of aluminum because it is light in weight and also less expensive compared to copper. So, we would rather go for aluminum than for copper and sacrifice little bit of performance, but stainless steel definitely is not an option as we see from this problem. I am sure there will be lot of questions we will complete the problem and then take questions. So, please hold on please write down do not forget to note down the questions. Second part this is actually the more interesting part we have learnt one thing from the problem about the length. The second part is how long must the rods be to assume infinite length. Remember when I close the discussion on the boundary conditions I told you infinitely long fin, infinitely long fin does not mean the fin is a few kilometers long that is not correct, infinitely long fin refers to something else what that is what we are going to see. So, what it means an infinitely long fin means some if the fin is very long whatever be the length there will be a situation beyond which there is adding more length you are not going to get any more enhance any more heat transfer or you will not be able to carry away any more heat. As we saw here in this case beyond this point any length is useless in this case beyond 200 in this case beyond 300. So, what we are going to say we are going to use this concept to define an infinitely long fin. Since there is no heat loss from the tip of an infinitely long fin why is there no heat loss from the tip because there is no driving temperature difference because the if the fin was extending to infinity somewhere along the length at the tip the temperature of the tip is going to be equal to t infinity that is asymptotically it will approach t infinity never will it be equal asymptotically it will approach t infinity therefore, you will have no heat transfer from that. So, an estimate of the validity of this approximation may be made by comparing equations 3.25 and 3.34 what are they let us just go back what we are saying is 25 and 34 25 is this. Q f is h p k a theta b times tan hyperbolic m l this is the heat transfer rate through an infinitely long fin. So, this is the equation expression this is made equivalent or equal to sorry sorry sorry I think I 3.20 is yeah this is case b adiabatic condition at the tip. So, when there is no heat transfer at the tip as I said if the length becomes infinity or infinitely long because there is no heat transfer we can call that tip as an adiabatic tip. So, this expression that we have is essential expression for adiabatic tip condition heat transfer rate that is equated to the infinitely long fin case and we will see why we are doing that this is the heat transfer rate in case of an infinitely long fin. Because the logic we are using is that when the fin is sufficiently long at the tip of the so called infinitely long fin I am repeating this again because this is where lot of questions and confusion is there when the fin is infinitely long at the tip of the fin the driving temperature difference becomes almost equal to 0. Therefore, that tip of the so called infinitely long fin represents a situation where there is no heat transfer. So, I can call that as an adiabatic condition. So, I am equating the heat transfer rate obtained by this so called infinitely long fin to the adiabatic tip condition heat transfer rate equation. Let me just do that for you here. So, I have I will come back to this instead of going to the power point and this I will use the nodes which are here that way it is easy. So, I have adiabatic tip q is equal to h p k a c under under root theta b tan hyperbolic m l. So, this is for this adiabatic tip then I have an expression for for the infinitely long fin. As you see I I do not remember I hope none of you also remember any of these formulae. So, if teachers do not remember then we cannot expect students to remember. So, we should not be asking them these questions. So, under root h p k a c theta b what I am going to do is this is for the l infinity case. So, these two heat transfer rates are going to be equated and when I equate this that is where I am going to see something nice happening. So, I will write tan if I equate this basically I divide one by the other I just get tan hyperbolic m l h p k a c theta b cancels everywhere is both cancel off equating the q I get tan hyperbolic m l comes out to be this gives me those of you who have calculators can we see that you will get m l equal to 2.65 there is a typographical error I thought this was corrected, but unfortunately it is not been corrected sorry about that this one m l is 2.65 equal to sin is missing this is not tan hyperbolic m l oh sorry sorry sorry sorry sorry yeah here point number two fourth line it says tan hyperbolic m l is 2.65 it is not tan hyperbolic m l those of you who have calculators can do it and see when tan hyperbolic m l is 1 m l will come out to be 2.65 anybody wants to check for me as somebody doing it yeah. So, m l comes out to be 2.65. So, in the slides please make a change page 33 point number two fourth line the tan hyperbolic should not be there it is m l equal to 2.65. So, what I get from this is that when these two are made equal I they are equal under this condition. So, in reality what is the what is happening in reality the infinitely long fin can be of whatever length, but when it reaches this condition product of m times l is equal to 2.65 beyond that point any length that you have is going to contribute to negligible heat transfer and addition. So, I can say when l is equal to 2.65 by m if any l that is greater than the so called l infinity the subscript infinity is used to indicate this infinite so called infinite length physically there is nothing like an infinite length. We are saying beyond this length value what is that length value we are trying to calculate beyond this so called length value after which any additional length is useless from heat transfer point of view that length I want to calculate what is that length given by that length is given by l is equal to 2.65 by m. So, that is 2.65 by m is here and therefore, I get l infinity or the so called infinitely long fin is one where l infinity comes out to be 2.65 divided by under root h p k a which is nothing but 2.65 times under root k a by h p and for copper this so called infinite length comes out to be 0.19 meters for aluminum it comes out to be 0.13 meters and for stainless steel it comes out to be 0.04 meters. So, 19 centimeter or 190 mm, 130 mm and 40 mm and you look at the graph here 190 mm is roughly 200 you see the utility is pink line if you see the utility is so much less beyond this point here 130 is roughly here again it is almost reached the infinity here about 40 you have reached almost the infinity. So, what it tells me just without any sense I should not have a fin which is of several meters or several centimeters long we have to see what length works out as the so called infinitely long fin. Yes infinite long fin is good, but it comes with a big penalty that there is a temperature drop very quickly and this temperature drop very quickly depending on the thermal conductivity of the material will have different implications on the heat transfer rate. Yeah very very small 40 mm of stainless steel fin small nice compact, but we are having a heat transfer rate which is very very low whereas copper about 190 mm if I put I have very high heat transfer rate. If I put 350 mm of copper fin there is hardly any improvement which is contributed by this length beyond 190 mm. So, that is what is the implication of this problem and we have not completed it there is some more discussion on it I will come back to a table just give me a minute. So, I will read the comments here and essentially what I have told the above results suggest that the fin heat transfer rate may be accurately predicted from an infinite fin approximation if M L is greater than or equal to 2.65. However, if the infinite fin is to be approximation is to be is to accurately predict the temperature distribution a larger value of M L would be required why why is that we will answer that this value may be inferred from equation 3.32 and the requirement that the tip temperature may be very close to the fluid temperature hence if we require this one equation 3.32 which is here because there is a temperature distribution associated with this M L greater than 4.6 is what is going to give you the so called infinite approximately infinitely long fin approximation. The first one was done using heat transfer being equivalent adiabatic as well as this the second one is actually a more correct one because we are going to take the temperature distribution and say that these two are going to be made equal. So, you can take a look at this 3.32 theta by theta b equal to e to the minus M x is going to be used along with the temperature distribution equation. You will get so called infinitely long fin would come out to be M L greater than 4.6 there is a before we go to fin efficiency etcetera there is this table which I want to show which is to be done along with this problem see here the variation of heat transfer from a fin relative to that of an infinitely long fin. We said that M L about 2.65 was what we came up. So, M L is 0.1 tan hyperbolic M L this is a table of M L and tan hyperbolic M L and if you see the values M L is 0.1 tan hyperbolic M L is 0.1 M L is 1 tan hyperbolic M L is 0.6762 at 2 it is about 0.96 or 96.96 2.5 is 0.987 3.995 and when I come to M L equal to 5 tan hyperbolic M L is equal to 1 basically M is has nothing to do with the length it is H p k a H p by k under root. So, that is just material property dimensions and H L occurs only in this term explicitly as L. So, when I go from M L is 2.5 to 5 I have increased the length by a factor of 2 tan hyperbolic M L which is a representation or a measure of the heat transfer is gone up by 0.013 percent 0.987 here and 1 here the difference between that is 0.013. So, 1.3 percent improvement has happened when I increase the length by a factor of 2, but it comes with so much greater penalty of pressure draw of weight cost etcetera size implications that we would not want to do it. So, therefore, we observe from the table that heat transfer from a fin increases with M L almost linearly, but the curve reaches a plateau later and reaches a value for a infinitely long fin at M L equal to 5. So, therefore, for a fin whose length is L equal to M by 5 can be considered as an infinitely long fin. We observe that reducing the fin length by half that is from M L equal to 5 to 2.5 causes a drop by just 1 percent I said 1.3 percent it is about 1 percent only. We certainly would not hesitate to sacrificing 1 percent of heat transfer performance in return for 50 percent reduction in size and the cost pressure drop all the other problems. In practice the fin length that corresponds to about M L equal to 1 which will transfer 76.2 percent of the heat that can be transferred from the infinitely long fin we can use and that should offer a good compromise between fin performance and the size. So, just go back here 1 M L equal to 1 gives me tan hyperbolic M L is 0.762 it is not a sacred thing it is just a suggestion that this is ok. So, this table actually should be considered along with the problem. So, that this goes hand in hand with that and with this actually you see here this temperature distribution as you saw in the problem is here higher delta T in the beginning lower delta T as we move away and the heat transfer characteristics is going to be just like this. The just the mirror image of this you would have high heat transfer rates in the beginning because of a large temperature difference and then it is going to drop significantly because of the lower delta T. Yeah, we would like to take some questions I am because I see a bunch of questions question marks here when we started after we did this problem. So, between now and some 15 minutes we will spend on questions and then probably go back to additional topics. Yeah, PSG. PSG college Coimbatore. Sir, can you or will you be dealing with rectangular fin sir, sorry triangular fin. Once we have dealt with rectangular and circular fin the same concept can be extended to any cross sectional shape. So, I do not think particularly we will be dealing with triangular fin, but we believe that with these basics any cross sectional area can be approached. And there are textbooks which deal with the solution for these non uniform geometries. So, you can get the analytical solutions available of course, otherwise you have these in the form of tables in textbooks also. Extended surface by cross there is a textbook by name extended surfaces heat transfer in extended surfaces by cross all sorts of configurations one can think of have been derived and kept there k r a u s cross. P. I. T. Pune. In a graph it shows copper aluminium and stainless steel. So, for infinite length we are looking for finite difference before that we can consider the length which to be considered for application. So, from the graph it is seen that stainless steel may be just matter of 10 mm it can give a temperature drop required corresponding to copper and aluminium. So, I think we need to plot heat transfer versus x to get a proper idea of the final things to be chosen in terms of copper aluminium and stainless steel. You are right we do agree with you we should be plotting heat transfer rate, but as we have said already in the problem the heat transfer rate in each of the cases for example, the copper is 8.3 watts for aluminium it is 5.6 watts and stainless steel it is 1.6 watts. These three numbers suggest that the copper is the better one yes, but then what is there to plot the heat transfer rate there is only one value. No, may be what what you are are you saying that I should plot the differential heat transfer in every element. So, as the as a function of length, so heat transfer rate is one unique number I do not think there is anything to plot for the heat transfer rate the overall heat transfer rate we have got it as for copper it is quite significantly high. So, that answers the your question over to Amritha if you have any questions please come back. Sir in the comments we have seen a problem in the comments you said ML is equal to 5 and you gave L is equal to m by 5 how is it possible sir. What is the issue I do not understand. See the question asked is ML equal to 5 and m equal to 5 by sorry L equal to 5 by m. So, I we do not see any problem in this why because we are saying that product of that table. So, in that table if we see tan hyperbolic ML and ML where we have plotted in that table what we are saying here is that ML equal to 5 is equal to tan hyperbolic ML that means maximum heat transfer we cannot get anything better than that. So, if you want maximum heat transfer for that happens only for ML equal to 5. So, that means my length has to be m is fixed why m is fixed because heat transfer cross sectional area is fixed means. For a given coefficient. And given material that is the thermal conductivity if I choose these three things the only variable is length, but if I have to achieve complete heat transfer my length has to be 5 upon m type. I do not see any problem in expressing L equal to 5 by m nothing wrong. But in the slide it is L is equal to m by 5. So, only I asked. Then it is a typographical mistake 5 by m. We are wrong you are right we are wrong it is L equal to 5 by m not m by m. It is a typographic mistake over to Baramati. Sir that ML equal to 2.65 is it a compromise or because tan H ML function will never approach to work will become 0.999 etcetera. So, the value of ML depends upon how many decimal places we take in the calculate. So, whether it is a compromise to take 2.65. The question is ML tan hyperbolic ML will never approach 1 it is going to be 0.999. So, what ML I should be taking? So, the answer is engineer will never look at 0.999 and all. So, already we said ML we will never take 5 actually we as it said one of the suggestions was ML equal to 2.5. So, I would not take 2.5 if I want to maximize my heat transfer I will take an ML of let us say 0.964 or 0.987 somewhere between 2 to 2.5 of an ML I would take. So, I do not think there is any concern about tan hyperbolic ML reaching 1 for an engineer is never going to depend on this number. So, much he goes by practicality ok. Thank you over to Ashwant Rao Chawan college Nagpur. Yes derivation in the derivation on equation we derived Q value in partial derivative, but in the fin analysis we taken the same, but we taken the ordinary differential equation. Will you please elaborate the reason behind this? Over to you sir. The question is why are we taking only the total derivative? Why are we not taking the partial derivative in whole of this analysis? But let me answer this question I think it is we do not have to read any equation. So, what was our equation to start off with? It is actually it is a one dimensional conduction number 1 and number 2 it is having no generation. So, it is one dimensional that means temperature is a function of x only. So, when temperature is a function of x only then it has to be ordinary derivative it cannot be partial partial comes into picture only when temperature is function of 2 parameters not 1 that is it can be x y or x z or x t that is space and time. But in this case temperature of a fin is a function of x only that means it is going to vary only with length. So, it has to be ordinary derivative. Thank you. K K what? Thickness. How do we decide on the thickness of the fin? Thickness means how do you define the thickness? See thickness when do you how does thickness come into picture here? Thickness comes into picture. First let me rephrase the question. Let us go back to that figure. The question asked is how does one fix the thickness of the? For example, in this figure how does one fix the thickness? See how does thickness come into picture here? Perimeter is 2 w plus 2 t area is w into 2 t. What are we saying w into t? What are we saying m is equal to square root of h p by k a. So, what is that we need to look for? p by a has to be as large as possible that means perimeter to cross sectional area has to be as large as possible that only means that what the either I can increase the perimeter by either increasing the width also by increasing the thickness. So, there is no one unique answer for this question. All that we can say is h p by k a has to be large. So, that means p by a has to be large accordingly you choose the thickness. But many times the width of the fin the w is probably fixed by the base surface geometry ok. So, the space. So, we will have control only over the t. So, that is probably why you can say if I choose w t or 2 w plus t divided by w t p by a you can optimize it with the fact that you have to have thin fins as opposed to thick fins. Yes definitely if you have to qualitatively answer thin fins are better than thick fins why because we can stack more fins because w is going to increase. Thank you.

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1 OF 1 AUTO! 22/23 PRIZM DRAFT PICKS BASKETBALL BOX BREAK FOR CHRIS B

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What's up everyone? It's your girl Kinsey here from Leighton Sports Cards, and I'm ripping a personal for Chris B We've got two twenty two twenty three penini prism collegiate draft picks basketball Holly boxes Alrighty Chris best of luck. Thanks for starting us off this morning. Let's see this guy in the front right here Let's see a big palo or a manga. The manga's out of here I like the Zion one that forest pulled on release day. Those are really cool the manga or a steam glass I haven't pulled either one of those yet What's up Cooper? Did I really miss that? I don't know how I do that All right, here we go So chin jaw. I've got a silver rookie of Ron Harper jr. We have a silver auto of Peter kiss Peter kiss Let me silver auto Then we have a Hyper rookie of Christian brawn Blue ice of Bill Russell 19 of 99 Bajie Instant impact typer of tie tie Washington jr Devon Booker and dang. What's up William? I don't talk politics religion or anything like that. I'm sure Scotty Pippen we got silver rookie of Jalen Durant Memphis On next auto. We've got purple ice Vincent. Oh, man Iwuchiku 12 out of 99 USC We also have hyper cream of dual jambar Blue wave rookie of Kennedy Chandler To 249 Jimmy buckets fireworks of Jalen Durant Pete Watson and and Chet Holver rookie base Mitchell silver dewayne Wayne On next auto is going to be penmanship of tyson Etienne etienne. I wonder if you guys any relation to uh Jags Yeah from Wichita States Got hyper rookie of Jake Lariva red d-way Look at the young d-way, man He still kind of looks the same. He really hasn't aged that much rated prospect of casein wallis Flashback Jason Tatum That's sick I like that the flashbacks are sick even in the uh the flashbacks in prison football this year Are really nice. I like the rookie flashback. I pulled a Kenny picky yesterday. It was really nice. I can yeah Last pack here and box number one christian brawn on the silver And last auto a box one. We've got silver anthony black anthony black hyper stuff curry Purple ice tyler hero for kentucky Out of 149 another purple ice jimmy buckets to 149 Insta impact johnny davis jimmy butler and jaden hardy box two No worries super Here we go Shock silver cream abdul jabar first auto up. We've got black one of one brice hamilton Wow First break of the day. We're pulling a one-on-one already. Let's say that's a beautiful color match there on the black and red jersey too Wow, brice hamilton university of las vegas One of one There you go. Congrats on that one chris We'll mag that for you hyper of ant-man blue paul george 199 m bar jabari smith jr. Paul george and a jabari walker davis daniel silver jake lariva rookie We've got purple ice penmanship of uh, a minu muhammad 94 99 hyper rookie of jeremy sochin Blue wave of clyde drexler to 249 johnny davis a chet holgram on the flashbacks Uh shade and sharp rookie and de mar de rosen silver staff curry got blue ice penmanship of sasha stifonovich Out of purdue 46 of 75. How about purdue losing to that 16? That was crazy Those teams come to play boy. Let me tell you they got nothing to lose jaw on the hyper Red russell westbrook to 299 silver joell and b brilliant silver of trey young Baldwin jr. And dale and terry last pack here for you chris Now one of ones are hard pulls. That's for sure Here we go. Jalen williams a jay griffin silver anthony edwards We have purple ice auto of ty ty washington jr There you go. It's ty ty there 76 of 99 hyper scotty barns blue ice rookie of jeremy sochin 72 of 99 blue jimmy butler 7 uh 37 of 199 Uh, there's bank carol on the brilliant space for duke jabari smith jr rookie and chris paul Alrighty chris. That will do it for your break Again, congrats on the one of one penmanship of brice hamilton That's sick out of uh, unlv one of one First box of the day Congrats again. We'll get this right out to you

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Ankleride Nearside Cradle

Ankleride Nearside Cradle

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work in this position, Cross Face Cradle. I'm gonna pin this guy more times than a Cross Face Cradle than any other cradle, right? Percentage-wise. When he fights back into me, because he don't want to be on his elbow, fight back into me hard, right here. Whoa, that's my cradle recognition drill. Now I'm clamping down on him. And that's just a matter of what finish, right? Some of you guys are still struggling on that kind of sit-through roll through suicide cradle. So when I drive him to a hip a lot of times, and he starts to kind of sit up and get his hips under him, it's head to the mat, but I don't want to be head to the mat behind him. And we won't recognize it. We're trying to roll through. Closing our head in the mat cartwheel over. Trap his shoulder to the mattresses. I'm okay. All right, but get some reps in one of those. All right, like I said. All right, you just have to get better and better and tighter and tighter, set more traps, get better and feel those guys and set them up.

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From ‘Nation wants to know’ to ‘Nation First’…Track India’s transformational journey in last 5 years

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सातियो, आप सब से बहतर भला कों समझ सकता है, कि नेशन वोंस तो नोर, नेशन वोंस तो नोर वहासे जो यात्रा शुरू हुए, वहासे नेशन फर्स का ये सफर कैसे ताए कुवा है. बीते पाज वर्षो में, पुरे देश नेई इस त्रास्फर्मेशन को देखा है, पाज शे साल तक पहले जन्ता में वर मिड्या में भी सिर्फ सबाली सवाल, सबाली सवाल यही चलता रहता है। जासा लक्ता फाग कि जासे एक रेकोडिए बौले टीन चला जारा है। और मिझ-मिझ में वही पाज ते रिपीट होती रहती थी। आम तोर पर चर चार-चार-चार रहती थी, हैजारो करोड़ के गोता ले, तो तुसरे सबता आता था लाखो करोड़ के गोता ले है। कभी प्रस्ता चार-चार-चार-अरो, कभी मुमबै, कभी दिल्ली, कभी जैपूर, बम्दमाके, कभी नोर्टिस मैं ब्लोकेट, कभी आस्मान चुती मेंगाए, एक बौलेटीन कत्म होता ता, तो अगली तारी को, बही बौलेटीन फिर आजाता ता, और उनी सब खबरो के साथ, अब, उन हालातों को, और परस्तितियों से, देश बहुत आगे बर चुका है। अब, समस्या वर चुनोतियों से आगे, समादान पर बात हो रही है, दसकों पुरानी समस्यों का समादान होते हुए, आज देश आपनी आखों के सामने देक रहा है। और कभी कभी लोग कह भी रहे है, कि हमने सोचा नहीं था, कि हम जीते जी ये देख बाएंगे। आसा कै लोग कहते है। और इसके दो प्रमुख कारन है। के एक सो तीस करोड लोगों का आत्मिवस्वास, जो कहता है, यस, इटीच, इंटियास मोमेंट, और दूसरा, बारत के एक सो तीस करोड लोगों के सोच, जो कहती है, नेशन फस, यानी, सब से पहले देश, सब से उपर देश, सब से आगे देश, सात्यों आपको यानद होगा, कुछ वरष पहले, मैंने चोटिसी अपिल की ती, और मैंने कहा था, जिस समवग होपाए, वो अपनी गेस सबसेटी चोड दे, चोटिसी अपिल ती, लेकिन इस अपिल के बाद, आदा लोगों ले, अपनी गेस सबसेटी चोड दे, यही तो है नेशन फुरस्त, जुलाई 2017 के बाद से, ताई सर खलाग, 63 लेक, उस से भी जादा, सीन्यर सीटीजन्स, जीन को लेलभे में सबफर करने पर, याद्रा करने पर, सबसेटी मिलती. ती लेक आसे पैसिन्जर्स, जो सीन्यर सीटीजन्स, उनो ने वोलेंटिर दे, उस सबसेटी को चोड दिया, यही तो है नेशन फुरस्त, अप को याद होगा, अपने गाँम में सवचाले बनवाने के लिए, 105 वर्स की एक आदिवासी भुजुग महला ले, अपनी कमाई की एक मात्र सादन, अपनी बकरीया बेच दी थी, तोयलेट बनाया, और तोयलेट बनाने की मुमन चलाए थी, यही तो है नेशन फुरस्त, पूने के लिटाए टीचर, जिनोंने स्वछता अभ्यान के लिए, अपनी पैंशन का, बहुत बडाहिस्सा दान कर दिया था, क्या यह नेशन फुरस्त नहीं है, कोई खुथ से, समुद्र ततोगी सभाई का नेटुत कर रहा है, कोई गरी बच्छों का बविष बनाने के लिए, कोई गरीबों को दिजिटल लेंदें सिखा रहा है, अंगिनी तैसी बाते है, हंदुस्तान के हर कूने में है, और वही, वही है नेशन फुरस्त, साथ्तो यह नेशन फुरस्त, रास्त निर्मान के प्रतीग देश वासी का समर्पन है, अपने देश के प्रतीग अपने जिम्यदारी का बाव है, जो आच बहारत को नहीं उर्जा दे रहा है, और इसली है, इस बार की समिथ की जो थीम आपने रख़ी है, इन्दियास मोडन्ट, नेशन फुरस्त, वो देश के इमोशन अर आश्पिरेशन, यह देश के इमोशन अर आश्पिरेशन, यह नहीं कुल मिला कर, आज के देश के मिजाच को, प्रतीमिम्बित करती है, रिफलक करती है.

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ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ନବବର୍ଷର ହାର୍ଦ୍ଦିକ ଅଭିନନ୍ଦନ : ଶ୍ରେୟାନ,ଅଭିନେତା

ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ନବବର୍ଷର ହାର୍ଦ୍ଦିକ ଅଭିନନ୍ଦନ : ଶ୍ରେୟାନ,ଅଭିନେତା #ArgusNews #Startalk #Actor #Shreyan #Newyear2024 #OdishaNews #ArgusReels #Shorts Argus News is Odisha's fastest-growing news channel having its presence on satellite TV and various web platforms. Watch the latest news updates LIVE on matters related to education & employment, health & wellness, politics, sports, business, entertainment, and more. Argus News is setting new standards for journalism through its differentiated programming, philosophy, and tagline 'Satyara Sandhana'. To stay updated on-the-go, Visit Our Official Website: https://www.argusnews.in/ (Odia) Visit Our Official Website: https://argusenglish.in/ (English) iOS App: http://bit.ly/ArgusNewsiOSApp Android App: http://bit.ly/ArgusNewsAndroidApp Live TV: https://argusnews.in/live-tv/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/argusnews.in Youtube : https://www.youtube.com/c/TheArgusNewsOdia Twitter: https://twitter.com/ArgusNews_in Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/argusnewsin Argus News Is Available on: TataPlay channel No - 1780 Airtel TV channel No - 609 Dish TV channel No - 1369 d2h channel No - 1757 SITI Networks HYD - 12 Hathway - 732 GTPL KCBPL - 713 SITI Networks Kolkata - 460 & other Leading Cable Networks You Can WhatsApp Us Your News On- 8480612900

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नाशकर, मुश्रेयान, उडिया नवावर सरा हाद्टी काभ्रिन्दर ना सुबगा बाचा, जे कुदा तो आगस, काईकिन आगस सबवोडे लोकों कसा दें।

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Live Stress-free: Inner Engineering Completion With Sadhguru

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Health wise, my job is very stressful. And in the corporate world it's mainly been on how do you improve your market share, how do you do better than competition. In the process we compromise on the quality of the life which we lead. Stress is not because of the work. It's your inability to handle your own systems which makes you stressful. Somewhere you don't know how to keep your body, mind and emotions. So how to keep your system free of stress so that morning or evening you're in the same level of enthusiasm, same level of relaxation, same level of happiness. Something is an absolutely new dimension which is added to my thinking process. You don't really have to look for your happiness outside, it's just within you. You don't have to really do it much, it's just within you. Every human experience has a chemical basis to it. What you call as peace is one kind of chemistry, anxiety another kind of chemistry, stress another kind of chemistry. We are not advising people to be happy or peaceful. We are teaching them how to engineer your chemistry the way you want it. If you establish a chemistry of blissfulness, that's how you will be. Shambhavi Mahamudra. This is a way of activating your energies in such a way that the very fundamental chemistry in your body will alter itself within a matter of two to three weeks. What I find to be unique about Shambhavi Korea is the fact that actually I was able to maintain a practice of it. It was very doable. It actually met me where I was in terms of being Western, in terms of having a busy mind. It's a very focused process. 21 minutes allows you to settle your mind and enter the early stages of meditation. So it's short, it's easy and it's very effective.

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2 Mindset MISTAKES That Are CRIPPLING Your Self-Awareness | Tasha Eurich | Art of Charm

Self-awareness is crucial when it comes to understanding ourselves. Tasha Eurich, author of Insight and Bankable Leadership, talks about how improper introspection negatively affects our self-awareness. #selfawareness #tashaeurich #artofcharm Do you want to turn small talk into smart talk?  Get Accelerated  👉https://bit.ly/comacceler Subscribe to our Youtube Channel: https://bit.ly/taocsubscribe Subscribe to The Art of Charm Podcast in iTunes: http://bit.ly/166Lw3U Official Website: https://theartofcharm.com/ Join The Art of Charm Challenge: http://www.theartofcharm.com/challenge/ Follow us on: -Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheArtofCharm/ -Twitter: https://twitter.com/theartofcharm -Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theartofcharm/ -LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/TheArtofCharm Top 5 Guest Interviews of All Time Kobe Bryant on Mamba Mentality https://youtu.be/OOoURnvTRu4 Jay Shetty on Overcoming Self Doubt https://youtu.be/OOoURnvTRu4 Eric Weinstein on Overcoming Bias https://youtu.be/dQhOgwu2eZc David Goggins on Building Mental Toughness https://youtu.be/ueNtejxVY24 Charles Duhigg on Developing Success Habits https://youtu.be/qjydQpvXczo Top 5 Social Skills Toolbox Episodes Art of First Impressions https://youtu.be/ioQrinlWzR8 How To Talk To Strangers https://youtu.be/y7FrWZCwi9A Leaving Toxic Relationships https://youtu.be/GiogVWmQ9Oc The Art of Compelling Conversations https://youtu.be/JlHa0naefb8 Charismatic Body Language Tips https://youtu.be/_F99kE-OdMc Top Videos to Sharpen Your Social Skills How To Talk To Anyone 5 Tips https://youtu.be/Oq-IvIxbHSE Never Run Out of Things to Say (3 Tricks) https://youtu.be/4H_WsG-1B0U How to Know if You Made the RIGHT Decision https://youtu.be/M95fX7gNm9I 5 Social Skills Mistakes Logical People Make https://youtu.be/3OSiVa6qldk Recognizing Emotional Bids (Instantly Connect With Anyone) https://youtu.be/kNyy7ar2g0k

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And so I collected the data, I got it back, and I actually thought that I had done the analyses wrong. So I re-ran and re-ran and re-ran and I said, nope, this is what the data are telling me. And what we discovered was the more time people spent introspecting, not only were they less self-aware, they tended to be more stressed, more anxious, more depressed, less in control of their lives, less happy with their relationships and their jobs. And I just went, oh my God, I had sort of been thinking introspection equals self-awareness. But as we discovered, and I really started to dig into this, there was quite a bit of research, well, not quite a bit, but some research from the last 20 or 30 years where they had found similar patterns. And essentially what we discovered was it wasn't that introspection in and of itself is bad. It's just that most people, even well-meaning self-awareness devotees, are making huge mistakes when they do it. So there was good news and bad news there. The bad news is the things we think are working maybe are not working. However, we were also able to find a pretty simple pivot that most people can make. So the best way to explain this is everybody who's listening, think about the last introspective question you asked yourself. It might have been to try to understand a mood you were in, like, why am I so drained from all of these Zoom meetings or to understand a fight about unloading the dishwasher with your spouse. Why did that go off the handle or something professional? Why didn't I get that promotion? And that word, why, as it turns out, is actually one of the most dangerous introspective questions we can ask. And there's two reasons for that. We can go very deep into this, but we might not have time, but just at a high level. Number one is, when we ask those questions, we're usually trying to, I call it like, excavate our psychological unconscious. We're trying to find those things that are just below our conscious awareness. Sigmund Freud told us we could do it so we can access our unconscious. Unfortunately, psychologists and a lot of neurologists have shown that no matter how hard we try, we can't access our unconscious thoughts and feelings and motives. So what happens is we think we're doing it, we find an answer that feels true and it's usually wrong. So that's the first reason. The second reason why questions are bad is they lead us into something I call the rabbit hole of rumination. Typically, why questions lead to answers like, you know, why did I have a fight with my husband about unloading the dishwasher? Well, it's just because I, you know, I can't be here anymore with him or I don't even know if I can do this for another month or you know, whatever anyone might hypothetically say in a situation like that. But it's usually kind of get self-focused, you get self-critical, you have a victim mentality. And so that explains why not only were our participants less self-aware, they were worse off psychologically. But as we discovered, our unicorns were asking similar questions with a slightly different twist. So fight over the dishwasher. Instead of asking why did that happen, they might ask a question like, what role did my behavior play in that situation? Or what signal can I pay attention to next time that things are about to go off the rails? Or what can I do differently in the future? And that subtle difference between what and why questions, as it turns out, has really big implications for our self-awareness and well-being. So the tool is called what not why, but it was very dramatic to get there. We originally thought, you know, maybe I shouldn't be writing this book about self-awareness at all. But as it turns out, we can we can actually overcome a lot of those myths and wrong turns. That myth is very strong. And I've seen it in our programs. And when I'm coaching and there is every once in a while, somebody has it in their mind that they are broken inside. And if they could just dig and they'll once they fix it, it's over. When an actual and you talked about this in a book, you're going to need tools to just deal with moving forward and how to move forward with tendencies or patterns that you have. They can either get better or that you can overcome them. One being CBT, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, another incredible tool. It is a little bit less acknowledged, but it's making great strides is by Dr. Steven Hayes, which is ACT Acceptance Commitment Therapy. And Steven Hayes even says that your brain works like a calculator with no subtraction or delete button. So you can enter things in, but then you have to accommodate and compromise with that information that you have to roll through. We're all going to end up taking on trauma and loss and damage through our lives. We're not going to heal ourselves with it. We overcome it. We take it on and we learn how to function despite that trauma.

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President Reagan's Remarks With Area High School Seniors in Jacksonville on December 1, 1987

Full Title: President Reagan's Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Duval County High School Seniors at Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Jacksonville, Florida on December 1, 1987 Creator(s): President (1981-1989 : Reagan). White House Television Office. 1/20/1981-1/20/1989 (Most Recent) Series: Video Recordings, 1/20/1981 - 1/20/1989 Collection: Records of the White House Television Office (WHTV) (Reagan Administration), 1/20/1981 - 1/20/1989 Transcript: https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/research/speeches/120187c Production Date: 12/1/1987 Access Restriction(s):Unrestricted Use Restriction(s):Unrestricted Contact(s): Ronald Reagan Library (LP-RR), 40 Presidential Drive, Simi Valley, CA 93065-0600 Phone: 800-410-8354, Fax: 805-577-4074, Email: [email protected] National Archives Identifier:77443670 https://catalog.archives.gov/id/77443670

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Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States. It's my great pleasure and privilege to introduce to you the President of the United States, President Ronald Reagan. Thank you very much. Superintendent Sang, Secretary Bennett, members of the Congress who are here. All of you, thank you very much. I'm going to keep my remarked brief. I'm not going to take a chance on being voted in your yearbooks, the President most likely to talk until June. You know, it's good to get out of Washington where we spend a lot of time worrying about things that are only important there. Here you have perspective and realize what the important issues are. Who's got a Christmas dance date and who hasn't. But now before I get started, I have a special message from Nancy. Whenever I speak to students, she asks me to remind you for your families, for your friends, just for yourselves, just say no to drugs and alcohol. And by the way, there's an important event taking place elsewhere in town today, the White House Conference on a Drug-Free America under the leadership of Lois Harrington. Nancy and I applaud her team's efforts to rid America of drugs. Today is not just a high school convocation. It's a family day as well. So let me ask, the parents who are here today, would you stand for a moment just so we could see you? Mothers and fathers, your dedication to your children and the schools has made this community what it is today. Your support is the foundation on which the success of Duval County Schools has been built and on which your own children's success will be built throughout life. Today, all of us say to you for all you've done, for all you're doing, and for all you will do in the bottom of our hearts, thank you. Secretary of Education Bill Bennett tells me that wherever you find parents and communities who care, principles who set goals and keep track of progress, teachers who pay attention to basics and students who work hard, in those places you find America's great school systems. He also tells me that Duval County has some of America's great schools. Now I'm going to talk to you for a few minutes about your great public schools, but I know you have great private and parochial schools as well. You know, it makes me think that quality and Duval County just seemed to go together, but yes, since Herb Sang took over as superintendent 11 years ago, you in the public schools, teachers, principals, parents and students have made your mark on American education. You've sprinted to the head of the class in improving test scores, cutting dropout rates, winning teaching awards, winning more national merit scholarships, and winning a better future for every student and for this entire community. And that's why you're on all lists of the best school systems in America. And for anybody wondering who should be at the top of those lists, you've given your answer by winning four of your seven national academic super bowls. Yes, there's just one word for Duval County and its students, teachers and schools. The word is winners. I've heard that you have a slogan around here. Winners are finishers. It means stay in school, stick it out through tough times as well as good, finish, and you'll be a winner too. But I can't help thinking, doesn't that have a lot to do with how your school system itself became a winner? Success wasn't handed on a platter. It didn't come because you had lots of money. In fact, your spending per pupil is regularly below the national average. But as Dr. Sang has taught, progress and money are not the same. And boy, that's one lesson in Washington. We should write a hundred times on the blackboard. No, you didn't do it with lots of money. You did it with the courage to be different. When others had lost faith, you did it with your belief in hard work and real standards and with the American tradition of trusting in the future and your ability to build for it with your own hands and your own minds and your own determination. You didn't look to Washington for an easy way out. You did it yourselves. It was the British philosopher, Sir Francis Bacon, who said that by far the greatest obstacle to true progress is found in this, that men despair and think things impossible. I found that's true in almost every area of life, whether it's building better schools or better mousetraps or a better country. You know, a favorite story of mine is about some advice that was supposedly a wise man gave a president of the United States. The president was William McKinley, and the supposed wise man was the head of the United States patent office, the man in charge of keeping track of new inventions. In 1899, the head of the patent office told President McKinley to close down the patent office because, as he put it, everything that can be invented has been invented. Well, if America is to be prepared with jobs, skills, and technology for the next century, we must make way for people who see what can be done and what is possible, not what isn't. Make way for people like those who rebuilt this school system. In Washington, some things haven't changed much since President McKinley's time. Almost everyone can still tell you 20 reasons why you can't do things, why you can't cut tax rates, why you can't lower federal spending, why you can't reduce the number of Soviet and American nuclear weapons, and why you can't develop a strategic defense against ballistic missiles. But America wasn't built by people who said, I can't. Every pioneer who crossed our frontier said, I can. Every man or woman who ever started a new business discovered a new invention, explored a new idea, said, I can. You will graduate from high school because you said, I can. The two most important words anyone can ever learn are those words, I can. You know, I've always thought that the best hope for America's future was to get as many things as possible out of the gloomy pessimistic halls of Washington and back to the optimistic air of the real America where people don't say, I can't. They say, I can. More decisions outside of Washington, fewer inside. Fewer federal rules, more opportunity. That's the idea behind our support for choice in education. Let parents choose the schools they believe will best prepare their children for the jobs and opportunities of the future. It's the idea behind our enterprise zone proposal. And when Congress failed to act, Florida and 25 other states said, we can. And they went ahead with their own enterprise zone programs. And now there are thousands of jobs and choices in areas where there were few before. And while we're talking about the American people making choices, not Washington, don't you think that each morning when you start your school day, you should have the same voluntary choice every member of Congress has every day to bow your head to God in prayer? I've come here this morning with a simple message about your future, you who are students, and that is that America's freedom is a precious opportunity. And the first step to using that opportunity is to say, I can. One of America's greatest philosophers, Henry David Thoreau, reminded us that to Americans, this world is but canvas to our imaginations. If you use your imagination, set goals, make plans, work hard, keep at it, and don't worry too much about who gets the credit. There's no limit to what you can achieve. The federal government does a lot to shape the future. And there are many times when it would be helpful if government just left things alone. Our goal should be to make government the servant of the people and not the other way around. That is one of the reasons that over the last seven years, our administration has pushed for more individual freedom and less government interference. In dealing with the federal budget deficit, our goal has been to provide those services that are necessary, to provide for our national defense, and to do so at the lowest cost to the average American taxpayer. Because what we spend today will be a burden to you tomorrow. I feel it's time for us to step forward and provide a clear direction for continued economic growth and opportunity. Eleven days ago, I joined with the bipartisan leaders in Congress in forging a budget compromise that will put the nation on a road toward a balanced budget and keep us on that track. I said it was time to roll up our sleeves and get the job done. Well today, I hope you will join with me in this crusade to balance the federal budget. Let's commit ourselves to do all that we can now and to do even more in the years ahead to continue our economic expansion. It's time to put aside partisan and personal preferences and join together. It's a time to say I can and I will. That's how America itself has moved the entire world toward true peace and greater freedom in the last seven years. And that's how we restored America's strength. And I hope you won't mind me adding with some pride that it's how our men and women in uniform rescued freedom in the small Caribbean country of Grenada. In just a few days I'll meet with General Secretary Gorbachev of the Soviet Union. We will sign the first arms reduction agreement in the history of relations between our two countries. It's a good example of what I'm talking about. Many years critics around the world have insisted that it would be impossible to get an agreement along the lines we've now worked out. Six years ago when I proposed the elimination of an entire category of U.S. and Soviet Intermediate Range Missiles, they sneered and said I couldn't be serious. It was a sure sign they said that I was against arms reductions altogether. And they added that I ought to offer something the Soviets would agree to, even if I didn't believe it was in America's best interest. Yet we, and I mean here, you and all Americans who supported rebuilding our national defense and our determination that it was better to have no arms agreement than a bad arms agreement, all of us stuck together. We set goals. We made plans. We worked hard. Many of those same critics also said that it was provocative to tell the truth about repression in the Soviet Union. About Soviet overseas adventures. About Soviet violations of past agreements. We said that the United States of America must never be afraid to tell the truth about anyone. Well now, as a result of lots of hard work and patience, we're about to sign an agreement that would do just what I proposed six years ago and that the critics said was impossible. For the first time in history, we will wipe an entire category of American and Soviet nuclear weapons from the face of the earth. After the summit, we'll keep our negotiators working on an agreement that could lead to cutting the U.S. and Soviet long-range nuclear arsenals in half and reducing the disparities in conventional forces. That is the armies that face each other in Europe. Those disparities favor the Soviets. With the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Agreement, we take a first step across the open frontier toward a safer world for you and your children. And my plan, our plan, should be to keep right on marching. But in the excitement of the summit, the treaty signing, and all the rest, we must not forget that peace means more than arms reduction. More than a decade ago, there was a warning, or warming, I should say, in U.S.-Soviet affairs that we called detente. But while talking friendship, the Soviets worked even faster on the largest military buildup in world history. They stepped up their aggression around the world. They became more oppressive at home. We do not want mere words. This time, we're after true peace. One Eastern European dissident thinker has written that respect for human rights is the fundamental condition and the sole guarantee of true peace. Well, I believe he's right. True peace and freedom are indivisible. That's why it's important to all of us that the Soviets have released over 200 political prisoners over the past year, and that they appear to have eased censorship somewhat in the arts and media. It's also why we're concerned that many more political prisoners remain in jail, internal exile, and psychiatric hospitals. As many as 10,000 Jews await permission to emigrate. Persecution of religious believers continues, some including Ladmila Androshenko and Father Alsona Svarinskas. Wait in prison. Their only crime, they wanted to practice their religion and worship God as they pleased. Well, Mr. Gorbachev and I are going to have a few words about that. We're also going to have words about Soviet expansionism around the world. For example, in Afghanistan, since the Red Army invaded eight years ago, the Afghan people have suffered a million casualties, and at least four million others have been driven to exile as freedom fighters have taken up arms against the invader. Who are these freedom fighters? Well, many of them would be your classmates if they lived here in Jacksonville. That's how young they are. They've taken up arms against one of the largest and best-equipped armies in the world because they've seen what communist oppression means. To some, it means being prevented from living by the rules of their religions. To others, it means parents murdered and crops, and even entire villages destroyed in random and repeated Soviet raids. Or it means a little brother or sister whose hand was blown off by Soviet mines disguised as toys. Oppression means many things. There are many reasons to fight for freedom. The simple people of Afghanistan pose no threat to Soviet territory. They don't now. They never have. The Soviet Union has no legitimate purpose in this war. And I will tell Mr. Gorbachev, it is time for the Soviets to set a date certain for withdrawal, to talk with the freedom fighters and to allow the people of Afghanistan to determine their own destiny. I will also say it's time for them to leave Cambodia, Ethiopia, Angola, and Nicaragua. Even as the five Central American countries search for peace, the Soviet bloc continues to pour billions of dollars in guns, planes, bullets, tanks, and other assistance into Nicaragua. Why? To quote one of our leading national strategist, Zbig Brzezinski, potentially at stake in Central America is America's capacity to defend Western interests throughout the world. And he adds, if the Soviet Cuban President, Presence in Nicaragua destabilizes the entire region, the United States will inevitably pull back from Europe and the Pacific to defend our own border. Well, I want my meeting with Mr. Gorbachev to help build a true peace that will last for your lifetime and that of your children and of their children. And that's why we will review our areas of agreement, but also emphasize our points of disagreement. Some say it will be impossible for the Soviets to listen, but we've come a long way already by being strong, steady, and determined. We Americans set our goals. We were realistic about how to go after them. We kept on working in good times and bad. We believed in America's strength and in America's ability to use its strength to make the world better. For the last seven years, through us, through all of us here today and millions of others, America has said, I can. And around the world, because of that, peace is more secure and freedom more widely shared. At home, because of that, we're in the longest peacetime economic expansion on record. And unlimited opportunities are waiting for you after graduation. Think of what those two words I can have meant to the story of our nation and the world in our time. Before I leave, I thought I'd tell you a story that I've told to other students. It's about a college professor, quite an eminent scholar, who was flying on a trip over to the Soviet Union. He was a great student of Russian. He could speak Russian fluently. But here, taking a taxi cab to the airport, he had a young cab driver and he got him in conversation. And in the course of things, learned that the young man was still getting an education and driving cab on the side to help finance that education. And he said to him, well, what are you planning on doing when you finish your education? And the young cab driver said, well, I don't know. I haven't decided yet. Well, the professor made his trip to Moscow, got in a cab there and started into the city. And by coincidence, had a young fellow looked about the same age as the one, the cab driver in America. And being able to speak Russian, he got into conversation with him. And found out this young man was still getting his education in addition to driving a cab. And so he finally asked him that same question, what did he plan to do when his education was finished? And the young man said, I don't know. They haven't told me yet. That answer is a pretty good one. It's summing up the great difference between us. So when you leave here today, please remember the blessings of American freedom. Think of how God graced you when he set you down in this land of liberty and a peace and of opportunity, this land of neighbor, helping neighbor, family, helping family. I have often thought, maybe you call it mysticism, if you will, but I've thought that God placed these American continents here between the two great oceans for the most adventurers, the bravest and the most resourceful people on earth to find our ancestors. People from every corner of the earth who had a little extra love for freedom and an ambition that brought them here and settled them here in this land of ours, bringing you here by deciding how you want to use America's opportunities, and then by saying, I can. I just have one other thing that I'd like to leave with you. I'm sure in this year of the 200th anniversary of our Constitution, you probably have been taught a little extra about the Constitution. But if not, I would like to tell you something that I have read a lot of constitutions. Every country has a Constitution, it seems. And then I was struck one day by, well, they talked about freedom of this and that and freedom to do such and such. Well, then why was our Constitution so different? And finally, the answer came to me. All those other constitutions said, we the government allow you the people to have the following freedoms and do the following things. Our Constitution says, we the people allow the government to do certain things, and it can do no other things than are covered in this document. I told that story at a state dinner in the White House to the princess, wife of the crown prince of Japan, and she added another line to my story. Because when I finished saying what I've just said to you, she very quietly said to me, our Constitution too says, we the people. And I couldn't hide my surprise. That's right. After the war, when we stopped being enemies, they had a new Constitution. And so there's now another country in the world that says what it does, that the people are in charge. Well, that's enough for me. I know right now that the superintendent's saying has something to contribute here and tell you what the next step is. Mr. President, your aides have indicated that you might give us a few more minutes. And our... Prior from Andrew Jackson High School... You have some friends here. And my question is, how will I as a youth be affected by the summit meetings? How will you as a student be affected by the summit meeting? Well, if the summit meeting carries out as we optimistically think today that it will, that for one thing, we will have started down the road to the elimination of nuclear weapons. We will have done away with those weapons of ours that are based on the NATO line. They were put there in response. We did not put them there first in response to the Soviets aiming what are called SS-20 missiles at all the targets of Europe. And we tried to persuade them not to do that. This was before I was in office and they didn't stop. And then Europe asked us to give them something to counter this threat. And by that time I got here and fell to me to be in charge of placing our weapons there. And they objected very strenuously on the other side. In 1981 I proposed the answer was the elimination, zero, on both sides of those particular weapons. And four years later they came back and we started negotiating about that. So I think we're going to sign that agreement this time, complete with verification. But for all of you, this threat that's alive in the world today of missiles that can, well I have said that a nuclear war can never be won and must never be fought. By never being won I mean that by the time two great nations exchanged the thousands of nuclear missiles firing at each other, where would those people who weren't blown up, who still remained alive, where would they live? The very soil would be poisoned, the radioactivity. There would be no place for anyone to live. So I think that we haven't been able to do it all at once. But if we've started down that path and as you come up and take over from the rest of us, maybe there'll still be some of the job done, we can once and for all rid the world of nuclear weapons. And that I think will make for a far better life for all of you. Thank you. Mr. President, my name is Jason Dolman from Fletcher Senior High School. And I would like to know in terms of conventional warfare, how will this proposed treaty affect the balance of power between the United States and the Soviet Union? Well now that's something that we have looked at down the way in the future. And it is no question the Soviet Union has outbuilt NATO, not just the United States, like two and a half times as many tanks, three times as many artillery pieces and so for it. But there is a weapon still in the battle lines. There are nuclear weapons that are called tactical weapons. These are among other things, shells fired from artillery from cannons. But when the shell explodes, it isn't gunpowder, it's an atomic explosion, a nuclear explosion. And so both sides have those. Now I think that we've got a lot of people in both sides standing in the wings waiting now for us to approach that problem, that kind of weapon. And I have determined, we have determined, that when you start to talk about eliminating those, then you must at the same time discuss the balancing of the conventional weapons. Because if we all eliminated, right now our nuclear battlefield weapons can balance things up. But if we all did away with those weapons, both sides, we would have given the Soviet Union then a hard and fast advantage because of their conventional superiority. So when we come to discussing those short-range battlefield weapons, we must also discuss and get from them a concession of conventional weapons being equal. It means a reduction from both sides. Yes, I've got that. Mr. President, my name is Tracy Pugh, and I bring you greetings from Joan Rebalt Senior High School. I'd like to know if you would reiterate the importance to our future of developing and having a Star Wars space-based missile defense system. Now I didn't hear just the beginning because there were some people still cheering you. I would like to know if you would reiterate the importance to our future of developing and having a Star Wars space-based missile system. Oh, I'd be delighted. There is so much misinformation out about that. This started several years ago. I asked our people in the Defense Department if it wasn't possible to see in this modern day of technology if there wasn't a weapon that could be designed that could intercept nuclear missiles as they came out of their silos. For example, from the Soviet Union, if they fired their missiles at us, those missiles get here in 30 minutes or less. You've got a half an hour to doing anything. And they agreed that possibly there was, and so a study went into effect. And what we are working on now is a system. I just visited one of the plants where some of this is going forward out in Colorado last week, and I was amazed and gratified to see the miracles that are being performed. What we have in mind, Strategic Defense Initiative, it's called, that's the SDI. What we have in mind is a defensive system that can begin by hitting those weapons as they come out of the silos. And those that manage to get through those warheads, there is a second stage then that goes up and catches them before they come back into the atmosphere, and finally a third stage to catch any that might come through. The main thing about it is it could really make nuclear weapons obsolete because what country would if we have such a system, even if they thought that some might get through, they wouldn't be certain enough to start a nuclear attack because they would know our ability to attack them back. So what I have in mind is that I won't be around by the time we've got it completed, but what we should do is when that is completed and we begin to deploy that, we should say to the rest of the world, including the Soviets, if everybody, including us, will get rid of our nuclear weapons, we'll give this to everybody because we all know how to make them. So someday we can't be sure that there might not come a madman someplace like a Hitler who, knowing how to make them and knowing that no one else in the world had them, he might decide that he was going to do it. I've likened it to our people as when we got together after World War I and everybody decided that we would no longer use poison gas, but everybody kept their gas mask. Well, I think of this as a gigantic gas mask and maybe this will be the thing that could bring about the end of nuclear missiles. Yes, I'm Shane Green from Sandowood Jr. Senior High School. Mr. President, do you feel that Mikhail Gorbachev's rising popularity across the world as a young dynamic reformer will pose an added pressure to your position at the Summit? And do you think that the American public, as a result, might perceive Communism as less of a threat in the future than it should? I have more faith in the American people than that. We're a pretty independent people. You find that out in any number of things that go on any day on the city streets. And I think that the American people are aware of the shortcomings of Communism, the thing of the boy that can't tell you what he's going to do with his life until they tell him what he's going to do. You know that in graduation in high schools in that country, they come into the rooms where they've got the graduates and they pick them out and tell them who's going to go to college and who's going to go to work in the factory and who's going to they assign them to these places. So I don't fear America doing that. And I don't mind that Gorbachev has been, let us say, quite different than past Soviet leaders. I've met with a number of them and he is different. Now at the same time, I'm not going to tell you that he doesn't believe in their system. He was born and raised in that system and he believes in much of their propaganda. But he is the first one. No other Russian leader has ever agreed to eliminate weapons they already have. He is the first one to do that. Now there is one other thing I'm watching. He is also the first Russian leader who has never reiterated before the great National Communist Congress that the Soviets are pledged to a world expansion, a one-world communist state. That has been the stated goal of previous leaders. He, his Nets, said no such thing. And I know when we first met, my first words to him, just the two of us in a room and an interpreter, and I told him, I said, we're very unique in this moment. Here we are in a room, the two of us. And literally in our hands could be the peace of the world or war for the world, nor the two nations could bring that about but us. And he agreed that, yes, that we should start working for peace. And I don't resent his popularity or anything else. And good Lord, I co-starred with Earl Flynn once. Mr. President, my name is Michael Davis from Rory Lee Senior High School. And my question is, if an agreement was reached on conventional or nuclear weapons, what would the actions be taken to ensure that both sides upheld the agreement? I have to tell you, I have a little hearing problem. I'll try again for it. My question was, if an agreement on nuclear or conventional weapons was reached, what actions would be taken to ensure that both sides upheld the agreement? Ah, you have touched on what has been the touchiest point all the way, verification. And we have, this is what's been going on now in these meetings between the foreign minister, Chevronat and our Secretary of State, George Shultz, is to try and iron out this thing of, yes, how do we establish that there is no cheating and that we're really destroying the weapons that we're supposed to destroy. And we apparently have worked out an agreement that is the strongest verification agreement that has ever been worked out in any kind of arms negotiations. It will have us with the ability to not only supervise areas where such things would be made, but also to make spot checks, just decide we want to go and take a look. And they can do the same, of course, with us. And I think that that is, well, that was the absolute essential thing. As a matter of fact, I'm no linguist, but I did learn a very brief Soviet proverb, which I made it a point to recite to General Secretary Gorbachev when we first started negotiations. It goes, dovii, no provii. Trust, but verify. Mr. President, I'm Stephanie Burnett from Paxson Senior High School. And the question is, if you could ever give advice to Mr. Gorbachev, what would it be? If I could ever give advice to Mr. Gorbachev to really stick with his program of glasnost and with this worry that they have about people wanting to emigrate from their country to make their country like ours to the place that people don't want to leave. And I would begin with the most important part of that. I think when the day comes that the people of the Soviet Union can worship God as they please and in the way they want to, that must be the first step toward that freedom. Today, the Jewish emigration from there, those people are Russians, they love their country, their motherland. And I'm quite sure that if they were allowed to practice their religion, to have their synagogues, to allow rabbis to be taught in their country, that not very many of them would want to emigrate. And I happen to be a friend of a man you all know the name Billy Graham. Billy Graham, as you know, has been invited and has held great meetings there in the Soviet Union. And he has told me that he believes that underlying everything else among the Soviet people is the hunger for religion. And he says, you become aware of it, that even though they don't dare admit it. And he told me one time that he said sometime if on television you see the little old ladies going to church as they do with the Orthodox church is allowed to go on. And they're watched, the KGB watches to see who goes to church. And he said, look closely sometime at the faces under those babushkas of those little shuffling figures. And you'll find some very youthful faces that the youth of the Soviet Union is hungry for God. I have a little Bible in a plastic cover about that high and no thicker than my finger. And inside are just a few, some verses that have been, are in there. When they get their hands on a Bible, it is so difficult there and they're not supposed to have them. They cut them up and make them into these little books so that everybody has just a few verses of their own of the Bible. And one of those was sent to me to show me what what they do. So efforts like that, they're going forward. And yes, I may find myself bending his ear on that very subject and telling him maybe his problems would be a lot less. Thank you and God bless you all. Mr. President and appreciation of your being here. Our students have a couple of presentations they'd like to make to you at this time. Mr. President, we are sincerely grateful for you coming to Jacksonville and addressing students and parents this afternoon. We'd like to present to you this plaque as a reminder of your stay here and a reminder of our appreciation and best wishes. And I'd like to read the inscription. A salute to President Ronald Reagan for outstanding support of public education and the Jacksonville, Florida public schools, presented December 1st 1987 by Herbet Singh, superintendent of schools and Wendell C. Parker, chairman of all county school board and students, faculty and parents. Thank you. Time of the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia. The bell has served as a symbol of freedom and hope for the future. The bell has also been a symbol of education since it was traditionally used to call the class to order symbolizing the importance of education and representing our best wishes for your success in your upcoming summit. The students of Jacksonville present you with this bell with the precious inscription, let freedom ring. Thank you very much. Class dismissed.

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Jeffery Dernbach speaks UXINDIA 2018

30 min Case study | Category: Design Practice & Process | Target Audience: UX professionals across the design spectrum, talk is relevant for junior to senior level designers with experience in all industries. User experience plays a frontline role as machines and artificial intelligence becomes more pervasive in our lives. Positive and ethical design will help the natural world make better choices in the digital world. User Experience professionals are often asked to solve complex problems in very concise amounts of time. Often as designers we don’t fully get to explore solutions and validate if an idea is really a good idea. The classic we could but should we? In software development co-locating teams is a way to leverage production cost and timelines, and gain a bigger impact in natural intelligence applied to artificial intelligence to solve problems. Agile UX as it relates to design is one process that we have used to influence a more positive outcome while developing apps using co-located design teams. --------------------------------- UXINDIA2018(www.ux-india.org): International Conference on User Experience Design UXINDIA is being organized by UsabilityMatters.Org (www.umo.design) UXINDIA: India's biggest conference on User Experience Design 4, 5 & 6 October 2018, ITC Gardenia, Bangalore, India #ux #uxindiaconf #umodesign #designthinking #uxindia

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First thing I'm going to do is say hello to Bangalore. I've been to India this is my eighth time. Most of my time spent in the north. It was really exciting to come here to the south. I think this is considered south India. All right, yeah, I'm sure if anyone from Chennai or Tamil Nadu, Kerala, I don't want to step on your toes because I know that's really south. But anyway, and I love the train system here. So I just want to start with that real quick. So I want to ask everyone a question and do you work with co-located teams? Like how many works with teams that are either in your same country, same state, or around the world? And how many of you have worked where your design team is spread out around the world? All right, so hopefully you'll have a better kind of experience than I have because what I want to talk about today is not necessarily a love story. It's more like some of the problems and things that can go wrong than some of the things that can go right. So a little bit background on me. Use a researcher, a product strategist. I live in Seattle, Washington. Spent time in these places significantly. I'm currently, I have this title of T-Mobile, which is a telecom company, but I'm actually a researcher. And they don't have this title yet. So anyway, not really a designer. And I love these things. This is the greatest invention in the world, Globe Jaman. So yeah, if anyone has Globe Jaman, please. I'll do a dance for you. So I got into my other background before technology. I was a chef. And I worked in a couple of restaurants in New York. And one of them was near a restaurant that Anthony Bourdain worked at. So we didn't have the same friends, nor the same cocaine habit. But at least I was a chef. But anyway, I wanted to technology because a friend turned me on to the show. Did we know the show where these guys are from? They're called Cybermen. Anyway, it was the idea of AI, machine learning, and just technology in general. And that scares some Jesus out of me. I don't like technology. I'm sorry for all you guys. It probably do. But I want to learn how to master it. And so one of the things I got into was if I gotten to be a designer or a researcher, maybe I can help control the machines. And so why does that matter? Well, for me, machine learning, and some of the case that I'm going to talk about today, has to do with the fact that we have a lot of opportunities and a lot of designers to create experiences with a lot of what would be considered science. And some of that can be in environmental science, and some can be in machine learning, and algorithms, and data scientists. So what we sent out to do in this project, this thing is kind of weird, was to create a predictive analysis application using BigDead and AI to help petroleum engineers better understand how to manage field health. So one of the things that we worked with, along with the predictive analysis patterns that they would use, was we started working with predictive UX. Let me know what the predictive UX is. OK, so that's basically the definition, but it's kind of this. I mean, this is a perfect example of Google, predictive UX. And so one of the things we were looking at with our product was to help the user through, obviously, machine learning algorithms and data science, but then also surface UI that would allow them to make better choices. So because a lot of our end users were not technical at all. So everybody knows this guy. So the other second part of my talk a bit will be Agile Lean. And Agile, this is the first thing I think of when I hear Agiles, well, I know I'm messy. Or Serena Williams, a famous tennis player. And this Agile UX is kind of a new thing, probably not so much anymore, but the idea of how to design in an Agile environment or team. And a couple of people I've talked to so far, since I've been at this conference, has talked a bit about Agile UX, but then also Lean UX. And so how many people feel that they effectively do this in their practice, particularly this last one? So this is a quote about the plan. And that's what we're going to talk about today in the case study is, come in with a plan, eventually, Mike Tyson, right? So with that being said, this is Agile versus Lean. So a lot of people probably, at least for me, my bosses, my product managers, PMs, they're always talking about Agile. And then we come along as designers in your research and say, well, no, Lean. We want to focus on people. We want to focus on measuring experiences and our methods and creating an MVP versus a lot of this other stuff that Scrum is either rugby or it's Agile. There's no, to most people, it doesn't matter, right? So onto the problem. So I like to call this or what we call this was a 17,000 feet problem. Gain at proven reserves of oil is really expensive. Gain at unproven reserves and new reserves is even more expensive. And all the oil fields in the world are dwindling. Now, when they'll run out, I know, but I'm not going to start any rumors, just work in the oil and gas field. Don't worry. We'll all be driving lots of cars for a while. And the biggest problem with oil and gas and maintaining wells is when they become shuttered or they stop working. And that can be a really expensive problem as well. And so what we started working with a few Gulf oil companies was to work with petroleum engineers and hardware creating all these sensors. And of course, we're all heard of internet things by now. And any given well, they can be almost several hundred sensors. And they're constantly sending data about everything through the upstream oil process. And so what we wanted to do was we wanted to create visual tools to help the well engineers in business make the best decisions for both profit and then worker safety. Unfortunately, we set about with our client to make a one-size-fits-all application because they wanted to build it. They were using one Gulf company as an example. And then they were going to sell it to all the rest. So how do we fit Lean UX into our process? We started out with a really cool co-located team around the world. And I'm totally frozen. That dude rocks. And I was like, Iceman on speed. But we had three problems we were trying to solve. We needed to get the requirements. And we needed to understand what the customer needed or wanted while they were still trying to figure that out. We had geographical issues giving our SMEs that were spread all over the place. And we had a very short deadline, like six weeks to come up with the design idea. We estimated, based on our previous experiences of just being designers, it's probably going to take about three times that. So what we ended up doing was we split our design team. So we split it regionally between Chennai, Houston, and Dubai to hit different SMEs and get the users faster and develop faster. Because we need to rapidly design. We need a rapid prototype. We need to iterate fast. And we wanted to do around the clock, which sounds great for business. That was one of our selling points. But for designers and humanists and people of empathy, we realized that our designers in these different locations had different experiences, different life goals. They could bring different diversity to the table. And we figured that would make it stronger. And so we had the team make up. Just there were about three designers in each location. Our biggest thing was to figure out who was going to do what and how we were going to do this point. And we had also concerns around cost and logistics, traveling, visas, things like that. And so we figured out who was the fastest person that could get into a particular theater the fastest and then work through the iterations. Sounded pretty good, right? I mean, it's like we got a rapid, cool team. Like Incredibles, we're doing all this stuff. We got this process and all that great stuff. Well, the problem was, is that in this whole idea, we actually forgot to tell people what they're supposed to do. And so we handled the research part OK. But when we got to the actual design part, we started wasting. People just kind of went crazy. So everybody was working on the same thing. And we didn't really coordinate that. And so we were kind of wasting a lot of time. And part of our also problem was that the features with the MVPs were being added and subtracted daily. So we're trying to work on that. So what we ended up doing was we had this problem. Like if everyone's seen this movie, Jeff Goldblum has the perfect plan. Save the kids. Plan goes too well. And well, he's running and screaming, as he says. So that's what we need to do. We need to get under control. So we just called the time out. Designers went on strike. And we said, we're not going to do any more work until we work the SMEs and the product owners and figure out what exactly you want. That didn't go over so well, as you can imagine. But our first problem to worry about was they wanted to design this application for all multi-platform, omnichannel experience. And that just doesn't work, especially in six weeks. So we ended up choosing the web. And how we solved the problem of this design of randomness is we put some people into a room. And we started to think about this. So is everybody familiar with the release train map? Like eviteration of design? Obviously, that's where you're trying to get to, but it doesn't always work that way. So the one thing that was going really well for us was user research. So we decided that, OK, we can actually go out and find the things that people need or want, maybe faster than the business can. And so we took that risk and that gamble. And the most part, it paid off. We understood what the heuristics and what people were doing. And the one thing that we got to really quickly was all these oil platforms around the world in disparate conditions. So some are in the North Sea. Some are in the Gulf, obviously hot, cold. There's day and night shifts. So there are a lot of things to think about in terms of our application that way. We had rig workers with gloves on. And we ended up coming with technology that we'd sewn to the gloves. So they wouldn't have to take their gloves off to use the application. That's just some of the research stuff. So we adopted this model of participatory design from Leo Fishberg. And we decided we'd just start iterating and sketching ideas as fast as possible and just get them in front of users. This worked out in a way where we set a core team to make the framework of the application. And then we got our other people to iterate on these internal points, the graphs, the data visualization elements, things like that. So we did a lot of prototyping. We did paper prototyping. We did Oxford prototyping, a little bit of envision, pretty much every tool out there. But the one thing that we did that worked out really, really well was this idea of just quickly white boring ideas in front of business owners, SMEs. And so those are some of our sketches of just quickly doing this. Now, the downside of this was we had the upside of rapid prototyping again to the point. The downside was if you have a diverse team spread across the country, not everybody in the world, not everybody can see us at the same time. So now we solved that just by using envision. We just copied those out, photographed them, put them in envision, and just kind of caught everybody up. And then once we had built the framework, then we were able to sort of seamlessly divide up some of the well diagrams, mapping, things like the internal stuff. So we got into a cadence and about four weeks in, out of six weeks. And, you know, we started to get into the features and we started designing.

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Stargate AI-1 - DTNS 4738

If you enjoy this video please subscribe to our channel and consider supporting us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/dtns. Microsoft and OpenAI are jointly working on a data center featuring an AI supercomputer named “Stargate”. Plus what’s the current status on that legislative bill to force ByteDance to sell TikTok or block its use in the US? And a backdoor was found in a widely-used compression program called XZ Utils for Linux and Unix-style OSs by Microsoft developer named Andres Freund. Starring Tom Merritt, Justin Robert Young, Roger Chang, Joe. https://apnews.com/article/google-gmail-anniversary-email-web-application-8ca1601944845282ecbc87ac9c335a6e Quick Hits: https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2024/04/bowing-to-pressure-microsoft-unbundles-teams-from-microsoft-365-worldwide/ https://www.semafor.com/article/03/31/2024/apple-muscles-in-on-subscription-podcasts https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68705711 https://techcrunch.com/2024/03/30/att-reset-account-passcodes-customer-data/ https://www.wsj.com/tech/google-pledges-to-destroy-browsing-data-to-settle-incognito-lawsuit-1febfde5 Top Stories: https://arstechnica.com/security/2024/04/what-we-know-about-the-xz-utils-backdoor-that-almost-infected-the-world/ https://www.politico.com/news/2024/03/31/thwarted-supply-chain-hack-alarm-bells-00149877 https://securityboulevard.com/2024/03/an-accidental-discovery-of-a-backdoor-likely-prevented-thousands-of-infections/ https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/tiktok-ban-legislation-stalled-senate-379beae5?st=2qneqzs5r6nxbui&reflink=article_imessage_share Subscribe to Apple Vision Show: https://applevisionshow.com Discussion Story: https://www.reuters.com/technology/microsoft-openai-planning-100-billion-data-center-project-information-reports-2024-03-29/ https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/artificial-intelligence/openai-and-microsoft-reportedly-planning-dollar100-billion-datacenter-project-for-an-ai-supercomputer GDI Content: https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/ai-training-data-synthetic-openai-anthropic-9230f8d8 Today’s guest: Justin Robert Young https://justinrobertyoung.tv https://shows.acast.com/worlds-greatest-con https://werenotwrong.fireside.fm http://freepoliticalnewsletter.com @JustinRYoung Next guest: Show Links: http://dailytechnewsshow.com/ntx http://knowalittlemore.com http://dtns.bigcartel.com http://www.dailytechnewsshow.com/support http://dtns.tv/wiki http://sarahlane.com https://twitter.com/sarahlane https://medium.com/@sarahlane https://masto.ai/@sarahlane https://havesuchagoodday.com http://tomsnewbook.com http://swordandlaser.com/store http://www.cordkillers.com http://awordpodcast.com

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Daily Tech news show is made possible by you, the listener. Thanks to all of you, including Chris Zaragoza, Jim Hart, Logan, Larson, Mikhail Soder, Devin Delaney and MZT 928. On this episode of DTNS, a supply chain attack against open source settles things. What happened to that U S TikTok ban? Turns out, still on. And why Microsoft is footing the bill for open AI to build the most expensive data center ever. This is the Daily Tech news for April 1, 2024 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt from deep in the heart of Texas. I'm Justin Robert Young and the show's producer, Roger Chang. Today, of course, is the 20th anniversary of the launch of Gmail. Happy 20th birthday Gmail April 1, 2004. I got my Gmail address today. Yeah. Yeah. Oh, no, those invites were a hot commodity. They were tough to get. They were tough to get one of the first big, you know, invite first traps on the internet. The Gmail invite economy. True. Listen, folks, it's April Fool's Day. There's some April Fool's content out there. Thankfully, not nearly as much as there used to be 10 years ago or so. So we're not going to cover any of the April Fool's jokes. If you had fun with them, that's great. We do not begrudge you, but this is just going to be a regular old show built on things that are, you know, as far as we can tell, mostly factual. Exactly. Yes. A factual show for good hearted people like you. Let's begin with the quick hits. After a complaint from Slack in July 2023, the EU began investigating Microsoft's bundling of teams into Office 365 and Microsoft 365. Microsoft just caved and said in August last year, we'll unbundle it for Europe and Switzerland and has now said, you know what? We'll just unbundle it for everybody. The whole world gets it. If you're a current Microsoft 365 subscriber, you can keep things as they are. If you've got teams and you're paying a certain price, that's not going to change. But you can change it. And if you're a new subscriber, you get the option of subscribing to Microsoft 365 or Teams or both. In other words, you could have just Teams without Microsoft 365. Teams will cost you $5.25 a month. The Office part will cost you $7.75 a month. Now, that's the simplest plan that we can describe in a short amount of words. There are dozens of other variants of Microsoft subscription offerings and enterprise versions and business versions. But the best comparison is that. And given that, you save about $0.50 if you don't choose Teams over what you were paying before, and you pay an extra $4.75 if you want to include Teams. SEMA4 notes that the last week, five of the seven podcasts promoted in Apple's Carousel in the Apple Podcasts app were participating in Apple's podcast subscriptions. Some podcast makers have told SEMA4 that Apple suggested participating in subscriptions in order to get into the Carousel, since Apple is prioritizing promoting shows that participate. It's like a chicken and egg thing, right? They want to promote the things that get them more money through the subscription. But they also say the subscriptions don't bring them that much more money, but they're still promoting things. I will also say that part of this is also specs, uploading the right specs for the art that's there. It is a very specific process. And I would take a wild guess that if you are in contact with them to do that kind of stuff, you're probably also uploading in the correct specs. So this is not a causation to correlation. We don't know. Yeah, we don't know. Let's go to something more simple, electric vehicles in China. Last week, Xiaomi opened orders for its Su7 electric vehicle, which is not an SUV, it's a sports car. Companies said it reached 88,898 orders within the first 24 hours, eight being a very lucky number. So I guess that's why they really emphasize that. Customers have said their shop times or ship times for the Su7 Max have lengthened almost seven months now. The Su7 has a minimum range of 435 miles, and the standard version costs $215,900 yuan, which is about $30,000 US, a little less. There's also a Max version, that's the one that has the long lead time on shipping, and a Founders version of the Xiaomi EV. AT&T has reset the customer service passwords for millions of its subscribers in the United States after records were posted online. The four digit pass codes could be used when calling customer service to make changes to an account. The codes were weakly encrypted, so easy to crack. AT&T says the data set appears to be from 2019 or earlier and includes 71.6 million current account holders and 65.4 million former account holders. There is no evidence of unauthorized access as of yet. It's not even so much that they were weakly encrypted, which they were. It was that four digit codes are just easy to guess because people use things like last four digits of their social. So if you knew that from the rest of the data in the dump, you could start to figure stuff out. Finally, Google has agreed to destroy data collected when people used incognito mode in Chrome. Incognito mode did not track users for advertising purposes, but the browser did collect certain basic information in order to serve websites, things like IP addresses and load that gives you location, etc, etc. Google is rewriting its disclosures around incognito mode to reflect this. But in the meantime, it has agreed to destroy any of the data it collected before it made the disclosure. All right, this is a big news in the open source community. And it's some serious stuff. A widely used compression program called XZ Utils. It's a compression utility like like seven zip or G zip or something like that, but it's bundled into a lot of things. A lot of times it's used in installers. Almost all Linux and Unix style operating systems include it as an option because of that. It's used in loads of apps and it supports a legacy format called dot LZMA, which is used a lot still. So it was rather unsettling Friday when a Microsoft developer named Andres Freund announced that he had sort of stumbled across a back door that had been pushed into this open source utility. Now, that's the way open source is supposed to work. It's got all the eyes on it because everybody can see the code. And so you discover these vulnerabilities. But he almost didn't find it because he wasn't looking at it for security vulnerabilities. He was troubleshooting a remote login problem in Debian. And he found that it was using up more CPU than it should and generating some errors in a memory monitoring utility. And he decided to trace one of those people's like, you know, I got to figure this out. Why is it doing this? So he tracked the problem to some updates made to XZ Utils and found that there was malicious code in versions 5.6.09 and 5.6.1. The malicious code activated when the utility performed certain LZMA compression activities related to SSH encryption. So it wouldn't happen all the time, but in certain situations, it would. And when it did, it could give an attacker root privileges on the machine. So how common is something like this at this scale discovered? Give us give us like a one to 10. This is the first time anyone's seen anything like this. So an 11. Yeah, it doesn't mean it isn't been happening somewhere else and no one noticed. That's the kind of disturbing thing. It's it's what's called a supply chain attack. So that's where you insert the code upstream. Usually you hear about supply chain attacks where somebody got some code into the shipping version of a driver and then everybody goes and downloads the driver and they get the malicious code. This is kind of a version of that. It gets distributed through trusted channels. The detective work is on to find out how the malicious code got in without anyone noticing, but the earliest evidence is that in 2021, a user going by gt75, jiat75 replaced a function with a less secure variant and no one noticed. So maybe that was a test to see if he could get away with it. In 2022, that same user submitted a patch and started to harangue the one person maintaining xzutils with around five GitHub users who were also brand new to the project. So maybe they were all the same person. We don't know. And said, you know what, you you can't handle this anymore. You need to add an additional developer to this project, which they did, which was gt75. In January 2023, gt75 made their first real commit to the project and began making widespread changes, including replacing the original maintainer of xzutils contact info with their own on a project that scans open source software for vulnerabilities and then requesting that that project disable a certain function so that it wouldn't detect some malicious changes that were subsequently made. In February this year, gt75 made the final updates that completed implementation of the back door and then began intense lobbying of Ubuntu, Red Hat and Debian to merge those changes into their updates. The code was not included in the GitHub version you compile yourself. So that was one way they hid it. If somebody was looking at GitHub for vulnerabilities, they wouldn't have found it. They were only putting it in what is called the tar ball that you deliver to make it easier to install this. And its structure seemed to target Debian and Red Hat specifically. In other words, those tar balls, the files you get in an automatic update would have had the malicious code, but not the source code. And they would have activated in Debian and Red Hat more often. The code was briefly available in Kali Linux and OpenSusa and also in development and beta versions of Red Hat and Debian. Justin, this is definitely something that's going to cause a lot of conversation on a lot of discussion boards about what do you do when there's just one person who's been maintaining a utility or a package that is really essential for a long time and that person gets tired and starts to be maybe a little vulnerable to some social engineering. It kind of makes you wonder whether or not we need like a Peace Corps for open source that you could have some element of, I mean, there's a lot of money floating around the internet. I think this is the cause that a lot of people can get behind. But if you are of a certain age and have a certain level, if you can learn some of the tools of the open source internet, if you are able to go in, we will make it worth your while so you can help maintain these codes because as you pointed out, this is something that was obviously open for the taking. This person, this malicious actor seems to have walked right in the front door and did what they ever wanted to do, whatever they wanted to do. And yet the consequences of something like this could have been massive. It might have been massive. And not easy to detect because as a couple people in the chat are noting, the tarball release being different than the GitHub release is not uncommon. A lot of times you're putting a little extra stuff to make it easy to install and you've been people want that. So it didn't immediately stand out that it was different. And this was a long con. It took a lot of effort. Like I'm not sure how replicable this was, but GT75 has apparently made some changes to other open source projects out there and those projects are now starting to review what happened. But I'm not saying that everybody could replicate this, especially now that it's gotten so much attention. But it really does open the conversation of what should be done about it to make sure that that doesn't happen again. It's been 18 days since the US House passed a bill that if it became law would force by dance to sell TikTok or force companies to box distribution of that app in the United States, but it has not passed the United States Senate, which it needs to do before it would go to the president to be signed into law. It passed fast in the House, but it obviously is not going nearly as fast in the Senate. Justin, you've gone back and forth about how fast you thought the Senate would act. Where are you now 18 days later? Well, the question has never been specifically whether or not it was going to get traction in the Senate. Nothing that explodes from the House, especially this House, which has not been able to agree on anything was going to be taken lightly. The question was, did it have enough juice behind it that there would be action taken before they went on the break that they are on now? The answer to that was no. Democrats, which effectively control this process, we've talked about on the show, they are going to be in control of this bill until it becomes a law, or they will essentially decide if it doesn't, considering the Democrats control the Senate. And there is a Democratic president who has said he'll sign the House law. So there's not a lot of pushback there. The big question now, and you're getting reporting out of the Senate on how they're looking to handle this is, number one, does the Senate want to change the language of the House bill? That seems more likely. But once you open up that door, now you have the multifaceted question of, well, exactly what do we want to change? And what you've seen is sort of the range of options when it comes to that, either extending the time that ByteDance would have to sell or expanding some of the provisions that would then affect other social media companies, or replacing it with Maria Cantwell's bill, which is something that she had put out and was deemed too broad, that would have greater leeway to restrict things amongst the Chamber or the Commerce Committee within the Senate. So what we know now is there still is push for this bill. The question is exactly what it's going to look like on the other end. And the key player here does appear to be Maria Cantwell. Now, how much of this do you think is the Senate saying, okay, fine, we'll do this, but we want to make it the Senate version, which is normal. And maybe that's Maria Cantwell going, well, you know, I had a pretty good bill. Let's look at my bill instead. And that could lead to bills falling apart, but it can also be reconciled and lead to things getting passed. It's how business is done. Is there any chance that some of this is the Senate dragging its feet and saying, we really don't want to deal with this in an election year? Let's drag this out as long as possible. Tom, there's a lot of a possibility that that's exactly what's happening because very often in the Senate, if you want a thing to die, you smother it with love. You know, you, I love this bill. I just need to make a couple of changes to fix it. I want it to be better. I want it to be better. And that's why I'm not voting for it because I need it to be better. All these other people, they're the real non supporters because they don't want to support my super better version of this bill. There's obviously a lot that's going on here. We are in a election year. We are in a log jam, not only between the house and the Senate, but also really amidst both the house and the Senate that are drawing thicker and thicker lines between them. And does, you know, does the Senate want this to be their signature thing that they did in the year of 2024 is to make TikTok divest. Now the other side of this is if you really want this to be effective and you want bite dance to divest from TikTok, or you want it gone, right? And there's the two sides of this. Do you need to craft a bill that you believe will withstand a legal challenge? And that's what you're starting to hear also on the Senate is that this is great. We want this end result. We don't want this to be something that just gets overturned and now we're back at square one anyway. Now, I don't know the legal side of this. I don't know how you would push it. And I think tying something to national security makes it more difficult to overturn, but you don't know. My suspicion is that the Cantwell bill kind of falls into the same area as the chip restrictions we're seeing, right? We don't need a bill for the president to determine that chips are essential to national security. And as such, he can put people on the entity list. He could put companies on the entity list and say, you cannot sell chips to Huawei. He can also say, you know what? The kinds of intellectual property that make it possible to make five nanometer chips and three nanometer chips, that is a security issue if it goes to foreign adversaries. So you're not allowed to sell equipment or intellectual property to companies inside of those countries, making things for those foreign adversaries, particularly China. So I could see the Cantwell bill saying, let's give the president the authority to do that with apps. And that would be able to survive constitutional challenge more robustly than just saying, we don't like bite dance, let's outlaw it, right? It also gives the president a whole lot more power because the president is able, both the past two presidents have teamed up. You may not hear him teaming up on much, but they teamed up to continue to restrict what kinds of technology can be sold to China and Chinese companies. And it would give them now that same power to whatever apps are made by those companies as well. So meanwhile, the other reality of this is we are in an election year and you're seeing a lot of people put a lot of money into advertising. TikTok has put a ton of money into advertising specifically in states where there are Democrats that again are going to control this process that are up for election, including Pennsylvania and Michigan, Nevada, Arizona. They spent a lot. There's a couple other groups that have spent on the other side, but here's where we are right now in terms of public opinion. CNBC All American Economic Survey found that 20% believe that TikTok should be banned. 27% think it should be banned if Bite Dance doesn't sell. 31% believe it should not be banned and 22% are undecided. But that means that nearly 50% of survey respondents, 47% essentially believe that the house bill is right, that either it should be banned or it should be banned if it doesn't divest. And that's what the house bill says. Yeah. And that's, that's not 50% but you don't have 50% say don't ban it either because you got 22% who are saying, is that an app? What is that again? Yeah. So yeah, seven months is a long time till the US election in November. So a lot of things could change. A lot of things can happen between now and then, but it feels like right now, if conditions remain unchanged by the future, we're not going to see any movement on this till after next year. Yeah. Yeah. Well, we'll see. We'll see. All right. Well, that's good news for the folks who like TikTok, isn't it? If you are a folk who like Apple, I have good news for you as well. Sarah Lane and Eileen Rivera have an amazing show called the Apple Vision Show. It's not just about the Apple Vision Pro. It's about Apple's vision for your technological future and how it matches up with theirs because they're, you know, humans like you and me who are like, you know what? I use this stuff for real in real life. How does it work? You're going to get a great conversation from them today. They've got an excellent little kicker planned about this weird little app that follows you around on your desktop, like not your computer desktop, like your real desktop. So go check it out. That is Apple Vision Show. Get subscribed now. AppleVisionShow.com. The information is reporting that Microsoft and OpenAI are planning on constructing a data center that would include an AI supercomputer they call Stargate set to launch in 2028, just because it's really powerful, not because it will actually open a portal for you to transfer to another planet, at least not that. Cost is pegged around $100 billion, could reach up to $115 billion, according to the information's estimates. Microsoft's putting the bill for this thing because Microsoft runs data centers. They're the Azure folks, the cloud folks. Stargate would be phase five in a series of data centers that two companies are planning. So over the next six years, there would be other phases of this that may be a little less powerful, a little less expensive. For example, a less costly phase four system could launch in 2026. Apparently they're targeting Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin as the location for that phase four system. But anyway, this sounds like a lot of money. It sounds like shooting for the moon, calling it Project Stargate. Is it that, Justin, or is this the beginning of the new normal for AI? I believe it's the beginning of the new normal, but let's take a real quick trip back in time, shall we, Tom? Rumor is that this has been in the works for a little bit. If not specifically part of the partnership that Open AI has made with Microsoft has greatly benefited both sides. But imagine that your Microsoft CEO, Sacha Nadella, and all of a sudden, you see that big kerfuffle with Open AI's board a few months ago. And you know that you are already well on your way to building a $100 billion data center to be benefited by this company. That's the kind of stuff and context that you could imagine was wrapped around him, welcoming the new CEO of Open AI while also saying that they were hiring Sam Altman before they did the hokey pokey and turned it all around and got everything back to where they were. But the reality of this is if you believe, as I do, that AI is going to be a revolution in game changer and technology. And it is not just going to be a destination tool, the way that we think of it now, that you're building these various different things, but they will be woven into everything that we do much in the same way that Adobe has been on the leading edge of folding things in. And you're already seeing a lot of AI stuff that's happening on the back end of websites and services that you wouldn't have otherwise thought it. Then what we will need is compute, what we will absolutely be thirsty for. And we will very, very quickly hit our head on the top of the ceiling for is just straight out compute, processing power, especially if Microsoft and Open AI are going to be two of the biggest APIs that a lot of these systems are going to be built on. And if that's the reality, then that's the reason why you've seen Sam Altman go to some of these sovereign wealth funds and say, hey, I need $7 billion for chip forages. Because he is anticipating the need that right now what we think of as pumping out chips is going to be woefully inadequate a lot faster than we think. Yeah. And there is still a chip shortage. It's not for car chips so much anymore as it is for the Nvidia GPUs you use specifically to run AI. And that's part of wanting to have a system that you can rely on for several years that doesn't depend on an Nvidia bottleneck. It gives you another source of power that isn't putting all that power in one company's hands to the point that the information says that Open AI was saying, let's not even use Nvidia's cables. Let's just figure out how to use regular old ethernet cables so we don't have to buy anything from Nvidia. Yeah, yeah. Because they understand that this is going to be one of the stories of the next decade, in my opinion. One of the big ramifications of AI becoming more of a part of all of our lives is just going to be the reality of what it takes to make. And considering how fast we have seen this kind of stuff scale up, who knows what that's even going to look like? Who knows what the capacity? Here's what we know. It iterates fast. It's very intensive and it's extraordinarily popular. That is a perfect storm for we need more chips like yesterday. And there's going to be huge conversations about the responsibility of this. If it's using that much power, people already criticize cloud computing in a lot of ways for using power. And you see a lot of cloud computing companies bending over backwards to figure out power efficient ways to use renewable energy, to put data centers in the ocean so that you can take advantage of wave energy as well as ocean cooling to reduce efficiency. They're going to need to get really efficient because these things use a lot of power to the point, again, the information saying that they're considering like connecting the nuclear power plants to the data centers, which is going to start a whole other conversation, I'm sure, if that ended up being true. But there's going to be a conversation about do we need this bad enough to use this much energy? One of Sam Altman's big bets is fusion energy. That's a huge bet for him. And I think part of it is him seeing this that another element of it. You can have the chips, but you need the power. And if you need the power, then what are we looking at in our current capability to fill that kind of bill? And how can we think about innovating going forward? What is exciting is that on the other side of this is a lot of money and prosperity for the people that make it. So you would imagine that they will go as fast as possible. Yeah. It looks to me a little bit like a typical cycle. We had data centers that were there to provide enterprise level locations with the ability to communicate across locations. Then we had data centers for websites. Then we had data centers for cloud computing. To me, one perspective is this is just the next thing that data centers are good for. We keep figuring out how to use data centers for bigger and bigger things. We make them more powerful and more efficient as they go along because of that. Certainly so. And the only question is exactly how big is this 10x, 100x, 1000x from what we would look at in the past? And then there's always the chance that none of this works. There's always that. There's always plans. Alright, let's check out the mailbag real quick. Carl wrote in regarding that story we had last week about four Ontario area school boards suing multiple social network companies, including Snap and Meta for harm against teenagers saying they knew what they were doing when they created their apps in a way that would harm students. Carl wrote a thought on the Ontario school board suit. They may or may not be right, but they honestly think it's more of a political power play. The school board has gotten really hammered by some of its decisions. And the premier of Ontario doesn't seem to like them. So from either direction, and it's probably messy, this fight was going to happen there at some point. I expect similar suits to happen from a couple of the other provinces shortly, but from different parts of the government. Canada. Justin, could it possibly be political? Everything's politics. Everything. Everything. No, it's a really good point, Carl, and thanks for the on the ground insight. And thank you, Justin, Robert Young, for being with us. What else have you got going on this week to tell folks about? You know, obviously politics, politics, politics available wherever you get your podcast. But I want to go ahead and remind everybody, because I got an email about folks finding my panel show, We're Not Wrong, because I mentioned it here on DTNS on We're Not Wrong, myself, Jen Briney and Andrew Heaton discuss the issues of the day. I think you're going to enjoy it. Head on over there. We're not wrong. Wherever you get your podcast. Folks, a reminder that I've got a book underway called Sinked, Understand Technology, and Make It Work For You. You can find it by going to tomsnewbook.com, a URL I registered at Justin's suggestion many years ago, and it's come in very handy. We are 45% funded on this book, and I really, really want to get us to 50% this week. Thanks to everybody who's been patient with this. It is in British Pounds, because it's a British publisher, and I know that's thrown some folks off here and there. But I appreciate that 212 people have been able to make this work. So thank you for that. And I just need 200 more, and we'll get this book published. It's all of the topics about technology with my take on them, the essentials, the things you need to know in book form. Go and check it out, tomsnewbook.com. Also, stick around for the extended show Good Day Internet. There is another bottleneck to the AI world that's not data centers. It's data. What have you got no data to train these things on? Our large language models facing a data crunch. Stick around and find out. You can also catch the show live Monday through Friday, 4 p.m. Eastern 200 UTC. Find out more at dailytechnewshow.com slash live. Back tomorrow. Talk to you then.

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YBS: Role of Police; A Culture of Cowards

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The radical, fundamental principles of freedom, rational self-interest, and individual rights. This is The Iran Brookshow. All right everybody, welcome to the Iran Brookshow on this, what are we? Tuesday, May 31st. Everybody, had a fantastic Memorial Day weekend. We'll talk a little bit about Memorial Day in a minute and hopefully you had a great weekend, great beginning of your week, and hope you have a great week ahead of you. Yeah, since the last time we talked, the Boston Celtics actually did win. They're going to championship series against the Golden State Warriors. I think I'm going to Boston next week to catch a game. So yeah, things are good. Police in that world. All right, we have a lot of stuff to cover today I think, or we have some interesting stuff to cover, interesting ground to cover today. Talk about policing, talk a little bit about the history of police, about the Supreme Court ruling that police do not have a duty to protect. No legal duty to protect, interesting. We'll talk a little bit about that, maybe what the origins of that are, where does that come from, what is, if it's not to protect, what is the job of police, what it should be, how you would get there. And then I want to talk a little bit about the apparent cowardice displayed by the police in the latest school shooting. And if you read back and you look back, the same accusations were made against the police in the Parkland school shooting that they didn't react, they didn't basically act to save the kids. We'll talk about where that comes from because an influential commentator has said that the police were, this comes from a me first culture, a selfish culture, a self-interested culture, not enough of a Christian sacrifice culture. That's the problem that we face in the world today. We are told and that is why the police did not go in to save the kids. So we'll talk about that, we'll talk where cowardice comes from. And yeah, I think that in and of itself is an interesting, interesting discussion. Where does bravery, heroism, courage come from? Where does cowardice come from? So that is interesting. Well, those are the topics today. We do have a super chat. Catherine is here to encourage you and to support you and to get you excited about contributing to your own book show and supporting the show. And of course, they're asking lots and lots and lots of questions. And, you know, so listen to Catherine. You know, she is the boss and our goal today is, it's the last day of May. So today we'll determine kind of our total for May. $600 is our goal, you know, that will make May a decent month. So let's try to get to the $600. I'd really appreciate it and that I'll keep you on book show financially. Within budget. Within budget. Last month was way below budget because I traveled so much. This month is right on budget in spite of my traveling. So we're doing okay, but we need today in order to get there. I do not need Catherine to keep track of the money coming in. Because, as you know, I now have this app, amazing app that keeps track of all my super chat questions, puts them in, in columns, depending on how much money the question is involved. So there's a priority queue and a regular queue. And also, also keeps track of how much money has come in and how much money is remaining. And since the last show, I got this new button, which basically has this, I'm clicking on it now. It copies the amount of money in and copies the amount of money we need to, and that's, it generates $25 raised $575 to go. So Catherine, you don't have to do the math anymore, not only that, but the software actually does all the exchange rate conversions. So it converts the pounds, the Australian dollars, the Canadian dollars, everything is translated. But Catherine's job now, which is a much more important job than just mere calculation and mere math, which any program can do, she has to do on something now. She has to do something now that no calculator can do, that no artificial intelligence can do, that no computer can do. She has to charm you. She has to make a convincing case that you should support you on, because she has to do marketing, you know, in-person marketing. And that, she can never be replaced, right? So Catherine, I freed you up from the dull part of your job, as technology always does, and liberated, giving you more time to concentrate on the intellectual side of the job. So there we go. All right, that's the beauty of technology. Okay, quickly, I want to comment on Supreme Court ruling today, which had a, you know, I don't have the full ruling. It was like, it was kind of a ruling when a case, it's called a shadow or gray or whatever. I just saw this quickly, so I'm not going to comment on it extensively, but it is interesting, where they didn't hear arguments, but they make a ruling anyway. This is a ruling that basically, so Texas passed a law that basically said that social media cannot ban content, cannot, you know, suppress content on the platforms based on the, if it's conveying ideas based on the content. So, and there was a temporary injunction passed by a law court basically saying that Facebook and Twitter had to abide by the law while it went through courts, while it went through the appeals process, the legal process and the appeals process. What the judges did today, by a 5-4 I think majority, three conservatives and one liberal voted against this. By a 5-4 majority voted to do away with the injunction. That is prohibit Facebook and prohibit, stop the law from going into place. So, nothing has changed. Facebook and Twitter are still legit and they did it from what it looks like. It's an interim kind of ruling. What it looks like, what they did it on, is on First Amendment rights ground. So, that I thought was excellent, basically that this law would infringe on the First Amendment rights of Twitter and Facebook. So, to be continued, because it's a fascinating story, there was also, I think I told you in another show that a court overruled the law in Florida that also restricted the ability of Facebook and Twitter to restrict certain posts by politicians and they overturned that. So, the courts seem to have a proper understanding of property rights, a proper understanding of free speech and they seem to be implementing that. That is, as I've told you, I think the sanest of all the branches of the courts. So, we'll see. I mean, I don't think this is the end of it. I think there are a lot of court cases. By the way, Donald Trump's lawsuit against Twitter claiming that Twitter was influenced by the government, by the Democratic Party and by the Biden administration to kick him off of Twitter, that lawsuit was thrown out by a judge as well. So, all these attacks against social media, all these attacks to try to limit the power of social media over our expression on their platform so far have dramatically failed in the courts. Now, I think Congress is going to try to pass laws to fix that, but so far the courts have appealed the right position, good for them, and it's something we will watch and I will continue to fill you in on as we move forward. So, that is a small piece of good news. Not much of that common out there, but that is good news. All right, let's see. So, I want to talk today about policing. The motivation for this really comes from what happened at the school in Texas. We're truly horrific inaction by the police. I mean, they sat outside the building for 45 minutes an hour. Now, it's true. It's hard to tell exactly what happened, right? So, I think the evidence is still out of the police department is not cooperating with the state of Texas inquiry into this. So, I suspect that what they did was bad. But, you know, there's conflicting evidence and I don't want to condemn them until we have all the evidence. We want to be objective here, but it appears that they did not respond. They did not rush in. They did not confront the shooter. What they were doing was evacuating as many students as they could from the classrooms, evacuating as many students as they could from the school. Of course, if they had confronted the shooter right off the bat, seven policemen arrived right as the shooter entered the building. They could have gone in. They could have killed him. They could have spared the lives of many. Maybe a cop or two would have died in the process. I don't know, but they would have spared the lives of many, many of those kids. And we'll talk about the issue of courage and the issue of sacrifice and the issue of putting your life in danger as part of your job and what that entails and is that selfish or is that altruistic and all of that. We'll talk about that. We're going to get to that. But I think the more I think before we get to that, the other question, the question was raised the other day when we were talking about this is that the Supreme Court in an opinion written by Scalia ruled that the police do not have a duty to protect. They do not have a duty to protect you from violence. And there's a number of cases now that are being ruled. Indeed, in the Parkland students, Parkland school shooting, parents sued the police force and the city and the court, the U.S. District Judge, Beth Blum, citing the Supreme Court said that neither the school nor the sheriff's department nor the sheriff's department had a legal obligation to protect students from the alleged shooter who killed 17 people in the school. She said the reasoning was the students were not in state custody. So the police have an obligation to protect you only, only if you're in their custody. Now, that is bizarre. But that is, that is law as claimed by the courts. Just to cite the courts, the claim arises from the actions of crews of third party and not the state actor. Thus, the critical question the court analyzes is whether the defendants had a constitutionally constitutional duty to protect plaintiffs from the actions of crews. As previously stated, for such a duty to exist on the part of the defendants, plaintiffs would have to be considered to be in custody. Parkland is in Colorado, so this is in a Colorado lawsuit, right? And this is U.S. Federal Court. Yes, U.S. District Judge. So it's federal court. So this is based on federal law. In 2005, the U.S. Supreme Court, in an opinion written by Anthony Scalia, ruled that police did not have a constitutional duty to protect a person from harm. Now, I am not a constitutional scholar. So I'm not going to step in and argue whether the police have such a duty or not based on the Constitution. Because I don't know. Wonder Freeman says, fact check, please. What are we fact checking here? I don't know what we're fact checking here. And I'll give you, I'll give you a case, I'll give you some examples of cases, okay? So this is, this is from a news article here. This is a case of a guy named Joseph Lozito, who got on a subway, was in a subway station in New York City, unaware that there had been a stabbing spree perpetuated by some Maxim Geldman that had been going off for 24 hours. Anyway, Geldman confronts Lozito once he's boarded the train and they are police officers right there. He turns to Lozito with the police there and he says you're going to die. They then fight. Lozito is stabbed. Ultimately, he manages to, you know, they struggle, he gets stabbed, but ultimately he manages to disarm Geldman. Only then, after he disarms Geldman, does the NYPD PD officers intervene to apprehend Geldman, right? In this case, again, I'm reading from news articles and, but I, but I try to cross, cross references. In this case, one of the cops allegedly admitted that he did not intervene in the altercation because he thought Geldman had a gun and he hid because he was afraid. This prompted Lozito to sue the city of New York, the police department, a case he lost in 2013. Because Manhattan Supreme Court judge, it wasn't because he didn't believe him. It wasn't because of lack of evidence. It wasn't he lost because he, you know, the cops didn't have a reason to intervene. But because precedent established by the US Supreme Court that the cops did not have a duty to protect you, protect you when you're under assault. Now, I don't know, maybe, maybe all these news articles are getting the interpretation wrong, but I'm not sure how you would get it right, right? So, let me just see where's this, I mean, here's the Supreme Court case, Castle Rock, Colorado. So a woman, you know, she had, she basically had a thing to the police saying that they would arrest her, that her husband was barred from seeing her children. And basically this, what is it, mandatory arrest status, statute, it was a mandatory arrest status that if he approached her daughters, he would be arrested, right? He took her daughters, three daughters, he took them, she called the police, they refused to go find him and arrest him. They refused to have anything to do with it. Ultimately, he showed up in the police station with a gun and the three daughters were found murdered in the back of his pickup truck. The woman, the wife sued the police in Colorado, Supreme Court ruled that they did not do anything wrong. You can go on and on and on, there are other cases. There's another Supreme Court case in 19, that was in 2005, there's a case, Supreme Court's case, 1989, with, you know, protective services, a child being abused by his father, he's beaten constantly. Social services knows about this, the police know about this, nothing is done. The child ultimately lands up in a vegetative state and she sues and again the court rules that the police or the state generally has no special obligation to protect the citizen against harm if it did not create the harm. Now, this sounds bizarre to me, but, and it seems like even if there's no constitutional provision, you would think that statutes, locally, you know, state statutes, statutes that may be established police forces, and we'll get to the history of policing in a minute, would mandate, would define the job of the police as protection and define malfeasance of the police when they fail to protect. But of course, that requires, and this is I think the insight that I have, my conclusion about this, and I'm open to, I'm open to this being challenged because I've only been thinking about this for a few days. It strikes me as this is what happened, this is what happens when a government loses track of its purpose, in a sense you could argue that the only purpose of government is to protect its citizens, that the only purpose of government is to help police chase down and confront criminals and get rid of them, that that is the fundamental purpose of government is to protect their individual rights, to protect them from whom, from criminals, from cooks, from gangsters. I mean, we've suddenly lost that perspective when it comes to using the military. We use the military, the nation bill to make the world a better place, to bring democracy to the world. So we've lost the perspective of individual rights when it comes to military, and it definitely seems like we have lost the perspective of individual rights when it comes to policing. I mean, what is the police there for? It's to protect the lives and property of citizens, of people in its jurisdiction, citizens are not citizens. That's the purpose. And if we lose the concept of individual rights, and if we lose the idea of the role, the purpose of government, then we lose that idea of, yeah, police are there to protect. Indeed, I would argue that the police were defaulting on their responsibility by not stopping rioters in Portland and Chicago and other places from smashing windows and stealing stuff. It is certainly an abrogation of police responsibility to not prosecute shoplifters, and you go on and on and on in terms of the kind of things where they know there's rights violation and they don't protect you from it. But then I started thinking, but look, the police are in charge of prosecuting people when they don't violate rights, victimless laws like drug laws. So the whole concept of policing has been corrupted. The whole idea of the job of the police has been corrupted. So I thought, I wonder when this happened. I wonder when police went from protecting individual rights to just, I don't know, keeping the peace, bringing calm, doing what the government wants it to do. Or just not having the responsibility, you know, rushing in and saving people when they feel like it, not rushing in and saving people when they don't feel like it, with no consequences. When did that shift happen? And in reading about the history of police, it becomes obvious to me that we've never had, and this is new to me, we've never had a proper conception of policing. Because the whole idea of police, the whole idea of a state-run agency responsible for prosecuting, for finding criminals, from protecting people from criminals, from preserving the peace, is a completely new concept. It didn't exist when the Declaration of Independence was written. It didn't exist when the Constitution was written. There's no wonder. There's not a lot about policing. There's nothing really about policing in the Constitution, because there was no police. There was no federal police. There was no state police. There was no local police. There was something called a constable, and there was some vague notion, but it was unpaid. It was not necessarily, oh, it was very low-paid. It was often volunteer. It was not necessarily under the guise of the government in any kind of sense. A defund movement didn't happen in 1989 when the Supreme Court ruled this. A defund movement is a movement that happened over the last two, three years, and yet these court cases and the inability to sue police and this lack of responsibility on the part of the police looks like it's existed for a long time. Police, based on Supreme Court rulings, it's existed for a long time. It has nothing to do with the defund movement. The defund movement only wanted to make it worse, and the defund movement in some senses is more consistent with our perspectives on what the police is, common perspectives. The police there is to be a social services agency. That's what the defund movement wants, and that's in a sense what the statutes and what the courts are telling us. They're not there to protect us. What are they there to do? So it turns out that police, as we understand it today, is a completely modern idea. It's an idea really that in the form in which it takes today, the first police force was in the 1830s in London. It was copied then in New York and Boston in major cities in the mid-19th century. But before that there was no police force, a uniformed force that went out there into the neighborhoods and actually tried to bring up our peace and then investigated crime. There was no crime investigation before this. So it's a concept. The first police forces actually were in first police, semi-modern police, were in France. Friends under I think Louis XV put together a police force. It was primarily there to be a branch of the government to make sure that its laws were followed, just laws, unjust laws, criminal laws, uncriminal laws. It was there to preserve the peace, to crush riots, to stop mayhem. But it was there as a real branch of government and indeed a lot of the opposition to creating police forces in the United States and England was a fear that this would increase the power and the force of government. So in the name of limited government, there was an idea that we don't want the government to get into the area of police. So how was disputes? We had a court system. But how did we get criminals to the court? How did we find guilty parties? Who did the investigating? Who chased down criminals? Well, bounty hunters basically. So the criminal system in the UK, if somebody stole your property, you would basically hire a bounty hunter to figure out who stole your property. And to arrest them and to bring them in front of a court. The Pinkatons were later and the Pinkatons acted side by side with the police. But yes, the advantage the Pinkatons had was the Pinkatons could cross state lines. The Pinkatons, because they were a private organization, they were not restricted by state law. So in the 19th century, the United States had a police force, but no FBI and no national police force. So you are very restricted in terms of jurisdiction. But in England, in pre-19th century, in the United States pre-19th century, everything was basically bounty hunters. And the bounty hunters often landed up being the criminals themselves. The bounty hunters often got bribed by the criminals. The system was super corrupt. Criminals would steal stuff, then negotiate its return with the authorities for the right ransom. So they would ransom goods. And there was no, so the owner of the goods would actually find it sometimes cheaper to negotiate with the person who stole his goods from him. Then to hire a thief catcher, a bounty hunter to go catch the crook. The system was very inefficient. London was, there was a lot of crime in London. There was a lot of crime in New York. And as a consequence, in the 1830s, police departments found it. But again, they didn't have a clear mandate as far as I can tell. And again, I'm curious if there's anybody who knows this history better than I do. They didn't have a clear mandate by then because with regard to individual rights, they didn't have a clear mandate in terms of their job was to protect individual rights, their job was to protect the lives and property of the people living under their jurisdiction. So their job was mainly to, in broader terms, kind of vaguely describe to keep the peace and it changed over time. For example, in the beginning, they didn't do much investigative stuff. They were in the communities, they prevented crime, but they didn't investigate and try to find criminals after the fact. It took a while before the first kind of detective bureaus were established that actually went and investigated crimes and tried to find a criminal after the fact and bring him to justice. So it turns out the police is a very, very, as we know it today, is a very modern phenomena. It's a very new phenomena that the state does it is new. It is amazingly open to corruption and the number, you know, it's primarily corrupted during periods in which the police have to prosecute non, prosecute victimless crimes like during a prohibition and now during the drug era. But it also turns out that local police forces are super influenced by local politics, have super have over the years, you know, swayed from being social services departments to having no cops on the beat, but just being tough and being investigative. Back to like broken window enforcement like there was in New York in the 1990s and then spread to the rest of the country. So policing is all over the place and there is no one kind of view of what a policeman is and what he does and what his responsibilities are and what his legal duties are. We have a lot of thinking, a lot of literature about the responsibilities of the police towards criminals. We have very little about the responsibilities of police towards the people they're supposed to be protecting. We don't really have a theory of policing. And as a consequence, the Supreme Court doesn't get it and it doesn't surprise me with Scalia who wrote the opinion, Scalia who claimed that individual rights were nonsense and stilt. It doesn't surprise me that police are so weak. It doesn't surprise me that police are so badly trained. It doesn't surprise me that police are not physically strong and not required to have the kind of training like you would in the military because then I expected to do military stuff. They're supposed to, you know, much of the policing is supposed to be to walk around the neighborhoods and chat with the neighbors and have good relations and have snitches and cultivate good relations and keep the peace. And it's very rare and unexpected that the police have to get engaged in a gunfight and they're not expected, I guess, to really, really rise to the occasion. So while I definitely think that police is a legit function of government, I don't think it's really been thought through about how to deal with the police, how you would deal with it constitutionally. How, if you rewrote the constitution, would you now have a provision defining the policing function of the state and what that entailed and what the responsibility of the police was? I think you would. I think you would and I think the founders realized how important policing would become. They would. I mean, the whole idea of a police confiscating property, the whole idea of police funding themselves through the tickets that they issue you, a parking ticket, speeding tickets, all of that. I mean, it really is horrific and there don't seem to be any proper guidelines for the police. And the police, of course, is the police as a state issue when the police are state police. It's often a city issue because the police are city police. They're not state police. So they're governed by city laws. But there's also federal police agencies. There are lots of them from the FBI to the, what do you call it, the agency, the firearm, tobacco and something, right? That are big, the Treasury Department, the Secret Service. There are many policing now functions at the federal level that go way beyond what I think a police should really do. But I'm not sure the principles of policing should be a state issue. It strikes me that they should be a federal issue. And the fact is that these were all ruled based on constitutional principles. So should this be some principles guiding the functioning and the proper relationship between the citizens and the police force? I think so. Counties have sheriffs. Sheriffs are police. Sheriffs is a term that goes back to ancient England where there were constables and what became known as sheriffs. It's Shire Eve, something like that that turned into sheriffs. It comes from the word shire, which is a, I guess, a little area, community, like in what that fantasy thinks, the shire. There's a lot of thinking that has to go into this. But there's no question in my mind that given the importance of policing, given the police wagons, given the police have a monopoly over the use of force, and they're supposed to only use it in retaliation, given that they're an agency of the state, that they are much, much too important for a proper constitution not to have something in principle to say about them, to stay about them. So while police today, because of the way they've evolved, they've evolved out of cities, it started at the city level. State police agencies were a much later development. First, it started as city agencies. I think the Texas Rangers and there were a few other states that had their state policing agencies, but those were primarily late 19th century developments, and then the modern state police entities were 20th century developments, whereas city policing is something that started in the mid 19th century. So there's been an evolution since the mid 19th century, and it is worth to consider. Whether that evolution has been a proper evolution, whether that evolution has been governed by the proper constitutional principles, all of that I think is something that needs to be worked out and really thought about. I've just thought about it for the last few days because of what I noticed. The police inaction and the fact that people's response are, well, they don't have a duty. They don't have a legal duty, legal responsibility, which just seems bizarre to me. We'll see what happens in Texas. Maybe Texas law is different, maybe the laws in Texas do place a responsibility on them. It does seem like the Texas state authorities are looking into what happened at the school. They are concerned about what happened in the school, and they're looking at the behavior of the cops. If nothing else, they should be shamed, and I'll get to that in a second. Okay, Wes, thank you. Thank you for the support. Really, really appreciate it. Let me give you guys a quick update on how we're doing on the super chat. I'll just put that in the chat so I don't have to bother you with it, but there we go. That doesn't seem right. Oops, doesn't seem right. Doesn't seem like it updated right. Let's see. Let's try this again. Yeah, that's better. That one's the right one. All right. All right, let's see. I'm going to look quickly at... Let me just see ones that relate to this particular thing. I often half-joke at least say that if you ask someone what you think a criminal is, and they reply, a criminal is someone who breaks the law, then you should run the other way. Properly, a criminal is someone who violates individual rights. Yes, but notice that there's no such conception in the world. Individual rights, nobody talks about. Nobody talks about. Nobody thinks about. Nobody is engaged with. It's about the law. And of course, the fact that there's no conception of individual rights, both is misguiding for the police in terms of what they should be doing and what they should be focused on and what the effort should be organized around. And it opens it up to the kind of corruption that I think police forces engage in today relating to drugs and other victimless crimes. Free Trade says, CODIS sounds thoroughly corrupt vis-a-vis the Constitution. Who are the justers voting for these ridiculous judgments? I mean, as I said, one of them was written by Scalia, and they had a majority. So I'm not sure who the other persons were voting for it, but they had a majority. Corey says, hearing these examples, you would think that others, judges, politicians, et cetera, believe that the job of the government is to ensure its own survival at the expense of everything, everyone else. I mean, there's a sense in which that's exactly what they think. You know, the police is there to secure the status quo. The police is there to ensure that things don't get too bad, but, you know, they can get bad. You saw that in Oregon, in Portland, Oregon, in the summer of 2020, when the city was basically burning, when looters and rioters were attacking buildings, breaking stores, rioting all through the city, committing acts of vandalism on a massive scale, and you would have to argue that the police did very little, very little. And when they did do something, they were lambasted. Oh, because those are only property crimes. Nobody cares about property. Property is not a crime. But no, even when the people rioting in the streets, there's no law and order. There's no peace. The status quo is going. Police are not expected to do anything if there's a smidgen of politics involved in it. So when one does, in our modern conception, our current conception of police, what are they there for? What are they doing? Why do we have police? I mean, we need police. I'm a big supporter of the police, but their job needs to be to find. And when the state grows so much as to have so many laws that are so complex that criminalize so many things, the police become ineffective, corrupt, and beside the point. Simon asked, do you know that police ever prevented mass shooting? Only cases I know of actual attempts at protecting individuals with intervention, they were outgunned by bank robbers. I think they have been. I think some shootings, the bad guys were killed by the police. I think in Buffalo, the guy was apprehended by the police. They rushed in. They were too late for a lot of people. A lot of people were killed. But they rushed in and they confronted the shooter. I think in many cases, they have confronted the shooter and stopped the shooting, where the number of people killed could have been much larger. No, I'm not questioning the ability of the police to do it. Wes says, oh, God, no one was killed while being confronted by New York police selling cigarettes. Whose rights was he violating? Did the police have proof he stole those cigarettes? No, but the law said the police should confront him. Yes, and that's how you get corrupt police doing corrupt things. And bad stuff happens as a consequence. And then, you know, Free Trade says, is there a correlation between the corruption of law enforcement and the average BMI of cops, body mass index out of fat police? But that also elates to it, right? I've said there should be no fat policemen. They should be fired or put at desk jobs. That is, the police in the streets should be fit, should be trained in hand-to-hand combat, should be trained, well trained in use of weapons so they don't confuse the taser for the gun. God, you believe that policewoman who shot the guy because she thought it was a taser? They should be super trained in using a gun. They should be super trained in confronting armed perpetrators. They should be super trained in hand-to-hand combat so that if the guy in front of them does not have a gun, they don't have to kill him. They can subdue him without that. And they should be able to run down a bad guy without having a heart attack. So police should generally be young, strong and fit and unbelievable be trained. They should be paid well. Yeah, I mean, it would be great if all cops were like Jason Bourne. They're not going to be, but they could be a lot better than they are today. But then if you think about it, if you think that the cop is just there to be a nice guy in the neighborhood and drive around in this police car just to show a presence and to eat donuts and to hang out and he's not expected to actually confront bad guys to protect citizens, then yeah, why does he need to be fit? So, my whole critique of the state of the physical state, the physical physique state of police is out the window if they're not expected to actually confront criminals. If they're not actually going to get into the fight, then they don't need to be fit. But if you're not fit, you should have a desk job. Police should be able to subdue a criminal without shooting them. Assuming that the criminal does not have a gun. All right, Corey says, do you think it's proper to hold the idea that I quote, that I support the concept of police, policing, but I do not support the police today as such? Currently, this is my view. I cannot get behind the police today, but I do not dismiss the need for police. I think it's okay to hold that as long as you also recognize that at least the significant amount of time of the police is dedicated to protecting you, whether they know it, whether you know it, right? So, they do for the most part go after murderers and people who steal and burglar, bank robbers and other stuff. So, your property is being protected by the police. Your life is, at least to some extent, being protected by the police. So, they're not completely out of the protection game. It's just that out of the protection game, when it requires courage, when it requires confrontation, but they are chasing down murderers, they are chasing down, they are trying to restrict gangs to certain neighborhoods and preventing them from coming into your nice neighborhood and shooting it up. So, as long as you appreciate the good work that they do and you don't support the really bad stuff that they do, I think you can have a mixed view of the police and be very supportive of policing as it should and could be done. Alright, let's see. So, let's talk about this idea, put aside the law, put aside their obligation, which I think they have. But let's talk about why the police didn't rush into the school. Assuming the stories are right, assuming the interpretation we have right now is the correct one. So, I read an essay over the weekend by David French. I don't know if you know who David French was, but David French was the former editor at the National Review. He's an anti-Trump, never-Trumpist conservative, and he writes for a new conservative publication called Something. Somebody who was in the chat will remind me the name of it. The Dispatch, sorry, the Dispatch, he writes for the Dispatch, he founded the Dispatch, and he and Jonah Goldberg and a bunch of others who are kind of anti-Trump conservatives write for the Dispatch, and I think they do a good job mostly at the Dispatch. He also once in a while writes for Barry Weiss. The Dispatch, by the way, is a substack, and Barry Weiss, of course, has a substack. And over the weekend, he published, David French published an article on Barry Weiss' substack about the school shooting. And specifically in the context of Memorial Day, about the cowardice of the police not going in, not actually going in and defending the kids, not putting their lives at risk to defend the kids. He writes, so some of this, I think it's very good, some of it is really, really bad, and I think it's interesting what makes it bad, and what the appropriate, if you will, objectivist, if you will, self-interested response to this would and should be. You know, he says, when a man or woman puts on a uniform and straps on a gun, whether they're a police officer or a soldier, they should be making a profound declaration. They're willing to die to protect their community and their nation. They don't want to die, of course, but they're willing to pay the last full measure of devotion if that moment arrives. Now, I think that fundamentally is right. It's part of the job. Now, I wouldn't put it that way. I wouldn't say they're willing to die. I'd say they're willing to risk their lives. They're willing to put their lives in danger. Nobody's asking them to perform suicide missions. But when they strap on the gun, when they put on the badge, when they put on the uniform, they are committing themselves. To protecting those they are charged with protecting. They are taking on the responsibility of often or not often, really, whatever the case may be, depending on where they are, putting their lives in danger, putting their lives at risk in order to protect those that they are committed to protecting. And that's the job. That's the definition. That's what it means to be a soldier. That's what it means to be a policewoman. That's why it's so important that these jobs be voluntary, that nobody be constricted, nobody be forced to take on these responsibilities. Now, he goes on to say that's why we respect men and women in uniform. In some cultures, the uniform is a symbol of authority, not of sacrifice. And those who wear uniforms are feared more than they are respected. And that is all true. I don't particularly like the word sacrifice here, but if you understand the word sacrifice as willing to risk your life in the performance of your job, then okay, we'll see that he's going to want to use the word sacrifice differently. I mean the same goes for firefighters. Even though firefighters might not be in the same exact category, because they might not be agents of the state, they could be private, they could be volunteers, they could be a lot of different things, but firefighters are expected to risk their lives on occasion to save people in a burning house. I mean not to commit suicide, not to go on a suicide mission, but to risk their lives. This is why, and this is amazing to me, firefighters are expected to be in amazing physical shape. And it's surprising when police are not, but firefighters are certainly expected to be in amazing physical shape, so that they can fulfill the responsibilities of their job, which means doing physical things, going into burning homes, you know, carrying those heavy hoses, but also carrying people out, if you have to. But in Texas, the police did not rush in. They did not put themselves in danger. At 11.35 a.m., there were seven police officers there when the shooter walked into the school. They should have had only one, only one choice, and that is to enter the school, chase him down, fight him, and kill him as quickly and as efficiently as possible, while not getting themselves killed and protecting the children at the same time. That is their job. I don't care what the Supreme Court says, that is their job. And yet, they didn't. They waited and waited and waited, and the stories are horrific. Young girls called up 911 begging for help. Children, young children lying on the ground bleeding out as other children were watching, kids dying, and the police knew this, and they waited. The first 911 call came in at 12.03. The same go-call back at 12.10. Where are you? Why aren't you saving our lives? 12.10, 12.13, 12.16, a different go-call at 12.19, then another call at 12.36, an hour after the police had shown up, an hour after the gunmen had gone in, families were coming in, families, family members who wanted to rush in and try to save their kids anyway, not allowed to do it. They were blocked, the police knew how to do one thing, block people from entering the school. Finally at 12.50, the police finally opened the door with a key, charged into the room and killed the shooter. No police died at that point, right? Why didn't they do that at 11.35? One hour, 15 minutes. It took for the first police contact with the shooter. It's unbelievable, how pathetic, how cowardly. Now the same thing happened in Parkland, that was in Florida. I said Parkland earlier was Colorado, it's in Florida, I apologize. Same thing happened in Parkland, Florida, where the police, Sheriff's Deputy Scott Peterson notoriously stayed outside the school as a killer rampage through the halls shooting people, and he didn't go in and confront him. Seven other Sheriff's deputies who reached the school heard gunshots but stayed outside the building. What the hell are they doing? Why are they getting paid for? What did they put the uniform on? Where importantly is their pride? And this is the key, where is their pride? Pride of doing a good job, the pride of taking responsibility. Seriously, the pride of living up to the moment. I mean, kids would have died anyway. Maybe a police or two would have got shot, maybe who knows, maybe not. But there's only one way to confront great evil and that is with great courage. And what we're seeing today is a culture of cowardice, certainly from these policemen, but I think more broadly in the culture. Now what is causing this? What is causing cowardice in our culture? Cowardice in our police. And you could argue, oh, it's defund the police, but that was 2020. And Parkland was 2018 or 2018. So no, this is more than that. And the lack of courage is a cultural white phenomenon. It's not limited to police. It's a lack of courage for people to stand up to cancel culture. It's a lack of courage for people to speak out against massive injustices happening all over the country, the world. It's a lack of courage to eject conformity, to eject the popular view. It's just there's a lack of courage in our society that's just prevalent everywhere. Why is that? Now here is David French's explanation. It's a simple fact that when men and women face mortal danger, every single molecule in their body screams at them to seek shelter and safety. It takes immense effort to overcome the desire for self-preservation. That's all true. Training can help, but it isn't enough. True. What's required is a fundamental, deeply embedded ethos, a core understanding that love requires their lives. Now there's so much true here. It is about an ethos. It is about love. But its love may require their lives. He's leading us somewhere. And here it is. Again, I quote David French, At the root of a failure of courage is often a failure of love. C.S. Lewis wrote that courage is, quote, not simply one of the virtues, but the form of every virtue at the testing point. It's true. Jesus said, No one is greater love than this to lay down his life for his friend, unquote. What we witnessed from the police in Uvalde was the triumph of self-love over love of others, including of young kids bleeding in that room. So the problem is selfishness. The problem is self-interest. The problem is self-love. These policemen love themselves too much. They respect their own lives too much. That's the problem we are told. Again, David French, at the testing point, the officers were confronted with a question, Whom do you love? I love me, they responded, and they stood down. That declaration, I love me, is endemic to our nation. And it's not just endemic when lives are on the line. And he goes on about how it's love of self, love of profit in the end, love of institutions. It's self-interest. He doesn't say this, but it's self-interest destroying this country. Now my view is the exact opposite. I agree that it's an ethos issue. I agree that it's a self-love issue. These people don't love themselves enough. They have no self-respect. They have no pride. They have no ambition. They have no conception of what their profession requires of them and demands of them. Yes, I don't think they have the training. Yes, I don't think we have a proper understanding of policing, but they know when they put on that uniform what that means and what that represents and what doing a good job is. And they don't want to live up to it because they don't have self-love. They don't respect themselves enough. They don't respect their lives enough. These men and women, I assume, are going to live with the thought, live with the idea that they could have acted, could have saved young kids from dying and didn't. And it's not just random people off the street who didn't. That would be bad enough for somebody just on the street to ignore killings going on all around them. But these are people whose responsibility, whose job, who are committed supposedly to a job that requires them to protect those kids. It's the idea that somehow doing your job badly is a result of self-interest. No! Self-interest acquires that you do your job well, that you only do a job, that you're committed to doing well, that you're committed to be excellent at. What these policemen lack is pride, a commitment to living. What these policemen lack is integrity. Not just wearing a badge but living up to that badge. Not just having a uniform but living up to that uniform, taking that responsibility seriously. What these policemen lack is self-interest, is self-esteem. They don't like themselves, they don't value themselves, they don't respect themselves, they don't believe in themselves. It's not that they love their life too much, it's that they love their life too little. No! It's not that they are eager altruists and ready to jump on the grenades so that people won't die. No! Most of our culture are not the Mother Teresa type altruists. They're not willing to give up the comforts of ordinary life in order to go and save people from certain death. That's not how altruism works in the modern world. That's not how altruism works on 99% of the people. The way altruism primarily is destroying our culture is not by committing people to acts of sacrifice. The way it destroys our culture is by preventing people from living up to their potential of human beings. It works to prevent people from living up to achieving self-esteem. It prevents people from living up to their self-interest. It prevents people from being selfish. That's the evil of altruism, that it doesn't allow you to think in terms of pride, in terms of integrity. And what are you left with? You're left with a rejection of morality, because altruism nobody wants to do, live that way. Selfishness, well, I don't want to do that. That's ridiculous. So what they're left with is emotionalism. What they're left with is the middle of the road, cowardice, unprincipled, neither here nor there, nothingness, passivity. Who wants to take a stand? I don't know what's right and what's wrong. What we have is a world full of mush. It's not that we have a world full of Mother Teresa. We don't. We have a world full of people claiming you should be Mother Teresa. But we don't actually literally have a bunch of people volunteering to be Mother Teresa. Nobody wants that. Neither do we have a world of self-respecting people with great self-esteem, rising to the challenge of living the best life that they can live. We have a world in Wonder Freeman's terminology of, Chandler's terminology of mush, nothing, gooey, nothingness. And that's scary. And that's the sense in which altruism is destroying the world. It's destroying the world by destroying people's self-esteem. It's destroying the world by eliminating people's ability to live up and be the best that they can be, to live up to what they should be, to live up to what they're capable of being. And then you have conservatives, like French, who want many issues I like. But of course when it comes to the fundamental issues, you can't avoid it. What's he proposing here? That the police should not love themselves and therefore run in because they don't really care about life, their own life. Well, if they don't care about their own life, why should they care about the kids' lives? It's only in the context of their own life can they care about the kids' lives. So what should they say when asked whom do you love? Well, not me, I love the kids. What world do they love the kids and not themselves? I don't respect myself, so I'm going to jump in and be a hero. Why? It's exactly those self-interested motivations is why the best fighters fight, why the most people with the most courage have the most courage. Indeed, French somewhat recognizes this when he says about, he says this about the military. He says in the military, because we know that it's hard to hold an abstract concept as something that I'm willing to risk my life for. So what the military cultivates is, you know, the idea of brothers-in-arms, the idea of closeness units, the idea of your fighting for the guy next to you. Why? Because it's more self-interested. It's something I can really connect to. It's something related to me. It's something that's more related to myself love directly. This guy, this guy who I know, who I have who weed out of the same, you know, ration meal. If he's under attack, I need to protect him. The military understands this. It's harder to have soldiers just fight for concepts like liberty. They do. But in the trenches, what you want them is to be fighting for their brothers-in-arms. Brothers. Brothers as close to them, important to them. People they love. Not love because they don't love themselves. Not love because they love them more than they love themselves. Love because they love themselves. Love because of the value they represent for themselves. So no, the last thing we need is more David French sacrifices, calling for more sacrifice. In the name of what? In the name of Jesus Christ? In the name of God? Why should we sacrifice? Because God said you should love your neighbor like yourself. But nobody loves their neighbor like themselves. And most people don't love themselves. So they don't love their neighbor either. That's the problem. When you don't love yourself, when you don't have real self-esteem, you don't really care about your neighbor. You don't really care about your neighbor's kids. But a people of self-respecting, self-loving people, they are the ones who fight for their values. They're the ones who risk it. They're the ones who love their neighbors and love their friends. Jane Nicolini, thank you. Jian. Jian. I think Jian. Jian Nicolini. Thank you. John, thank you. Appreciate it. Anyway, that's my rant for today. What we need is more self-esteem, which means more self-interest, more selfishness. And then we'll get more courage. Self-interest is about having integrity. And I agree with the CS Lewis quote actually. They are courage. Courage is where the rubber hits the road. Courage is when you take your principles, your abstract principles, and now you have to apply them in life. Now actually you have to live up to them. Courage is a virtue on the integrity, right? It is a feature of integrity. It means living your principles, living your ideals, living your morality. And to be self-interested means to have courage. It means to have integrity. And it should be something that police understand when they put it on the uniform. And they should understand that that is the expectation. That's an issue of management. You have to set right expectations. And you have to incentivize the right behavior. And you incentivize it by creating that expectation. You are taking on a massive responsibility when you put on that badge. Live up to it. Live up to it. And sometimes living up to it means putting your life at risk. And if you don't want to do that, don't become a policeman. That's fine. Just don't. Go do something else. All right. Let's go to the super chat. Yeah, these things infuriate me because I think they... It infuriates me too when smart people make stupid arguments like what David French does. But that's what Christianity does to you. It creates mush in your mind. A guy with a good mind gets mushy as soon as these kind of issues come up. Okay, so here's the thing, guys. That was a great rant. But we're only at about halfway from where we need to be. We're at $328 when... So we need another $270, $270 to get to $600. It's really important that we get to $600. It is the last day of the month we need to get. We need to reach our monthly goals. And today, as it turns out, the monthly goal and the daily goal are consistent. That is to reach the monthly goal. We have to reach the daily goal. I hope in the next half an hour or so you can continue to support the show and we can get another $271 in so we can make our numbers for the month. And you'll make Catherine really, really happy. And yeah, that's really important. Make Catherine really, really happy. Ooh, Catherine has a different number than my auto calculator. That's interesting. All right. It must be what you're using at a conversion rate. We've got a lot of money from Australia today and we have a lot of money from Canada today. And a little bit from the UK. So I don't know. Americans, shame on you. You're way behind. Way behind. Canadians, the Australians and the Brits all beating you to the punch. All right. A theme asked, talk about Brits is asking, as a socialist, you accept altruism because you saw no alternative. If you had accepted it without reason, do you think you would have been able to change after eating out of the struct? I literally remember asking myself, walking down the street, used to have all these weird thoughts while I was walking, or in a school or walking away from school. And thinking you got to sacrifice to other people, that's what morality demands. And the question came to me is, why? Why is the well-being of other people what I should be aiming towards? Why is that morally right? And literally my answer to that was, well, what's alternative? I mean, that's interesting to me and I in red. You know, one of the many, many differences. You know, she would have said, well, of course she shouldn't. I think she would have said there's a little ghost. She would have said, maybe I don't know exactly the answer. Maybe I don't know exactly what a proper morality constitutes, but it can't be that. But my response was, well, what else is there? This must be it. And that's the difference between a completely original mind, somebody you can think completely out of the box and challenge everything. And so you can't, right? So I don't know, I don't know to what extent if I just accepted it, well, you know, and I ain't even thought it through and I just wasn't out to it because that's what everybody else was, but I didn't even think about it. Or if I'd accepted some religious explanation for it, I don't know then, you know, where we would, what impact that Lashok would have had on me. It's really hard to tell. Richard says, 20 bucks for the rant, the daily goal, the monthly goal and extra emojis for Catherine Mendes. So Catherine, the emojis are getting people, are getting people to contribute. Thank you, Richard, really appreciate it. Michael says, I watched a Buffalo shooting video that the shooter posted live on Twitch while he was carrying out Damasca in the supermarket. At first I thought it was a video game. It's the most disturbing thing I've ever seen. Yeah, I mean, the sheer evil of it, the wanton destruction, the unjust desire to destroy human life for the sake of the destruction of human life is unimaginable to anybody who's half decent. Never mind somebody who's actually thought and understands and appreciates the value of human life. Stephen, thank you, really appreciate the support. All right, let's go through some of these. Jeff says we've remembered Ali and we are inspired by Catherine. Thank you, Jeff. Let's see if there's any other police related. Michael says, I can never be a police officer today. I could never extract people from society and throw them in a cage for years over victimless crimes. Yeah, I mean, I couldn't do it either. I'm with you, Michael. Jennifer, thank you, I appreciate it. She says great rant. Why do people, James asks, why do people see property crimes, theft, and victimless crimes as not crimes? What made people disconnect as a crime, time equals money and time equals life? Well, you say you add in there victimless crimes. Victimless crimes, indeed not crimes. Shouldn't be crimes. Victimless crimes are victimless. Crimes have to have a victim. That's what it means to have a crime. Crime equals victim. So victimless crimes are not crimes. The reason people don't have an appreciation for property crimes and theft is, you know, this is all kind of leftist stuff. It comes from the fact that they believe that property is unearned, that property is in and of itself theft. This is kind of a socialist doctrine that the capitalist steal the property, that there shouldn't be property rights. It's a rejection of capitalism and freedom and markets and trade as legitimate, which is consistent with kind of the leftist view of the world. To them, as a stole property, big deal. I mean, property comes and goes. I mean, it didn't belong to you to begin with. You didn't build that. You didn't build it. So if you didn't build it, who cares? Why you will need to fight for it? Michael, Michael Dowell, $50. Thank you. Really appreciate that. Thanks, Michael. All right, we're making progress towards that goal. I love this. Okay, Rutha says, don't stay and fight this losing battle. The corruption in the U.S. is irreversible and it's not changing anytime soon. Go where you are treated best. Look forward to you debating nomad capitalist. Am I debating nomad capitalist? I have no idea. Maybe I am. I've got all kinds of stuff scheduled. I have no idea what I'm doing. But yeah, I mean, if you think the U.S. is too far gone, then fine. You should look for the best place to live. The best place to live might be the United States in spite of it because everywhere else is further gone than the U.S. has gone. So, you know, I live in Puerto Rico. So, you know, I'm constantly looking for the best place possible to live. And I'm not going to debate. Nomad capitalist helps people find, go live in the best place they can live around the world. I'm not going to debate that. I mean, you should all, based on your values, decide where the best place to live is. And there shouldn't just be monetary values. It should be the whole scope of values that you hold. The value you have in good weather, the value you have in being close to family, the value you have in being close to civilization and being close to opera and whatever. Whatever your values are, you should decide on where you live based on those values. There is no one answer that is the same for all human beings. All right, Adam, for 50 bucks. How did the country of the best founding principles wind up with the worst native philosophy, pragmatism, in the world? The worst schooling, the worst law enforcement, the stupidest politicians, and except for immigrants, the worst average people person. Adam's on a rant. God, you're down in America today. I don't know if we have the worst of everything, right? In spite of how bad pragmatism is, we did not commit, we have not yet committed the kind of genocide, holocaust that the Nazis did. So I do think there have been cultures far worse. In spite of how bad America is, we did not succumb to communism. So in spite of our philosophy, maybe they're all philosophers, philosophies that are actually worse. They played themselves out maybe, at least in some regions of the world, but I'd still rather live in America than most other places. Not partially, that is the momentum of those founding principles that are incredibly powerful. But do we have the worst schooling? I don't know. We have bad schooling. I don't think we have the worst schooling. The worst schools in America are maybe among the worst in the world, but there are bad schools everywhere, and I'm not sure the American system is that much worse than so many others. But yeah, it is bad. We have bad law enforcement. I'm not sure if it's the worst. You go to third world countries, much worse, much more corrupt, much worse than what we have. We suddenly have the stupidest politicians in the world. That I'm with you. But then I think probably every country in the world has the stupidest politicians in the world. So I'm not sure that's unique to America. I think generally when it comes to the stupidity of politicians, all the children in the United States are below average. All the politicians in the United States are below, all the politicians in the world are below average. So it's a joke, guys. It's a joke, Scott. And yeah, immigrants are the best people. I think that's absolutely true. All right. Thank you, Adam, for that wonderful example of shining optimism. Okay, Flutatious says, hello, Yuan. Have you ever thought about making a few flow charts with all the principles of non-objective arguments that would do the arguing for you with pre-made responses? Would it work for the information of 21 from the Olympia, Washington? I don't think it would work because that strikes me as super detached from reality and examples. The most important part of all of this is, the most important part of arguing is not just to have your principles and the sequence and what argument comes after what, but to have good examples and to be able to respond when somebody asks you a question that is not anticipated by a flow chart and be able to come back with good examples and concrets and connected not just with other things in the flow chart that go downwards but also across. But there is software now that is being designed for argumentation. There are people out there working on developing better kind of flow charts of arguments and principles. I'm just wary of that because it's massive rationalism, which means a detachment from reality that is dealing in floating abstractions without dealing with the concrete examples, without dealing with actual reality. So it's very dangerous. People who've tried to do that, I think, have lost the plot most of the time. So I've seen it done. I've seen people try to do it, but it's almost never very good. But if you can come up with something better, I don't know that the software I'm thinking of is readily available. If you find a way to get in touch with Greg Salamieri, I know that he is working on something that is very non-rationalistic. It's primarily a teaching tool that would help you make arguments like that in at least teaching, in the context of teaching. So I definitely would do that. Flitesha says, I recently watched Leonard Peakeff's Thinking in Essentials and gave me the idea. Yes, I think, I'm not sure the idea is completely wrong, but it can be badly applied. So beware, the main downfall, the main danger is rationalism. All right, let's see. What happened to Ali from Venezuela? We're worried about here. I don't know. We'll have to ask Ashton Jackson. She actually worked for him. I'm not sure. At some point she lost the internet. And I think there is reason to worry about her. Matt says, thank you for your effort, Iran. Much love. Thank you, Matt. Chandler, $5.00 as USA-USA. You're going to have to do better, $5.00 for that. So let's say we're short $61.00. $61.00, some American should be able to fill in the $61.00 to get us the $600.00 goes. Michael asked, how are the police in Israel? More laid back, easier to bribe? I don't know. I doubt it. They're pretty tough, I think. I think more laid back. I don't know. Didn't have much dealings with the police in Israel, and I don't know. I will say that school shootings that we've had in Israel usually terrorist attacks, and they're usually handed by special forces very quickly. A lot of times individual citizens take down an offender. So a lot of the knife attacks in Israel, some of the knife attacks in Israel, are being stopped by just citizens, armed citizens, not necessarily police. Israelis are generally better trained because almost everybody in Israel goes to the army. But anyway, I don't know the answer with regard to Israel. Alright, we are $59.00 short. $59.00 short. Come on guys, we can make it. Don't forget the like button. We've only got 65 likes. We've had hundreds of people watching the show and only 65 likes. If you liked the show, if you thought my rent was good, not only contribute some money, but like the show. Well, we're down to $49.00, so we're getting very close. Thank you, John. Thank you, Matt, for Team USA. Let's see. What do you see happening in the next 10 years with cowardice in all aspects of your society? No mad capitalist recommends leaving the West. Will you? Where do you go? You go to the non-West. The non-West, it's not like there's great value there, great vote you there. What's the point? So where are you going? I'm happy to go anywhere. If there's truly a better place to be, I'm just not convinced that no mad capitalist has a better place for us to hang out. West just put us over the top with $50.00. Thank you, West. Do it. Really appreciate it. He got us over $600.00, so it's $605.69. I've still got a bunch of super chat questions I'm going to go over, but thank you, West, for getting us to our target. And by the way, that probably put the US on top. So it's not like there's some amazing place out there that if you go there, you're going to live a wonderful life, your rights will be protected, everybody is courageous and has self-esteem and is self-interested and capitalist and wonderful. And we're just not going there because we have this irrational love of America and the West. We're not going there because there is no such place. There is no such place. I moved to Puerto Rico because Puerto Rico is marginally better than where I was living. I moved somewhere else if it gets marginally better than where I am. I'm not doing this. I'm not living where I'm living out of some false sense of patriotism, a commitment to, I don't know, Western countries or something. All right, let's see. Ooh, money's still coming in. This is great. Matt, thank you. You're an unbroken American hero. Appreciate that a lot. Let's see. Free Trade asks, do gun rights be a tiered system? That is, with more training, higher proficiency and more stringent security clearances, you could own more powerful firearms. Yes, I think it could be. I don't know what the answer is, but I definitely think that could be part of the answer. Chandler says, beating Australia once super chat at a time. Thank you. Free Trade says, do you have a favorite business valuation model? I think it's economic value, which is basically, you know, a present value valuation on cash flows. But real cash flows after tax cash flows, that is the amount of economic value that you're creating. So it's the EV model. That is my preferred business valuation model. All right, Colt Savage with 20 bucks. The other day I saw a tweet from someone on the new right saying we should end legal immigration altogether, despite there themselves being descendant from immigrants who came here recently. How do you get to that point? It's crazy. Yeah, I mean, that's the new right. I keep telling people the new right is anti-immigration. They said, no, no, no, just illegal immigration. I said, no, Trump was not only anti-illegal immigration, despite as the fact his wife is an immigrant, it doesn't matter. They get to that because that's what placates fear. This goes to courage, right? Courage. What's the flip side of courage? It's fear. It's cowardice. Americans have become fearful, fearful of the other, fearful of people coming here changing the culture. Fear of people coming here, quote, taking our jobs, their jobs, somebody's job. Fear of difference, fear of change. People are now, what do you call them, what do you call them? Armchair. No, porch, something porch conservatives. They just want to sit on their porch in the afternoon, watch the sunset, drink a beer in the evening. They have no ambition, no motivation. That's America. That's America. We don't want immigrants, immigrants. They might force me to have to be ambitious, to actually work hard at my job. I just want to relax, just want to take it easy. I don't want to try too hard. That's what America's become. That's the image of America. That's what Andrew Sullivan, a never-Trump conservative, was arguing when I debated him at Clemson University. That's what America is. Rocking chair, porch, on the porch, conservatism. The conservatism of the average guy, the guy who's not ambitious, the guy who doesn't want too much from life, just wants to be left alone in the calm, doesn't want competition, doesn't want to be challenged, doesn't want to be a cop and rush into schools and risk his life. That would be terrible. Navin says, a great and pathetic state of the police, both with regard to training and integrity. The issue with SC ruling, Supreme Court ruling, I think, is that these volunteers cannot be obligated to ensure safety just like army or firemen thought. I don't see why not. That is, I don't... I mean, the obligation is in the legal responsibility. If the military can be obliged, why can't they be obliged? And they're not ensuring safety. They're committed to acting to the best of their ability to achieve safety, to achieve lack of loss of life, to achieve protection, which is what they're hired for. It's both a moral aspect, but there is a legal aspect that by law, this is what they're obliged to do. So maybe it's not criminal law, but this is why they're being sued civilly under the idea that they're not living up to their responsibilities. So maybe this is not a legal issue. Maybe this is only a moral issue. Maybe it is, maybe this Supreme Court ruling is right. But I don't know that you would hold that ruling for a doctor. Let's say you're an emergency room doctor. That's what you do. That's your job. And somebody rushes in and comes in and they're bleeding and you're like, too much blood. I don't like blood. And you walk away. Can you be sued for that? Should you be fired for that? So it is a question of now the doctor is not a state employee. So I mean, that's part of the problem is the police are a part of the state. This is why you should be able to sue them. They taken on a certain responsibility. They're not living up to their responsibility. They violated it. They have to be consequences to that. So I'm not sure I have the answer, but I think these are all good questions to be asking and trying to think about how to answer. All right, let's go through these quickly. You've got a bunch of $5, $10 questions. Liam says, if you always hated school, when did you find the motivation to get a PhD and become a professor? Yeah, I mean, by that point, I think I was enjoying my university. I didn't like primary school and high school. So when I said I always hated school, I don't think I included university in that. So I did enjoy my university time, both my undergraduate and my graduate, not everything about it, not always, but generally I did enjoy it. It's the primary school and high school that I was talking about. Quent Wiccans asked, offenders being traveling in Europe, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Spain. He said, American people are universally looked down upon as arrogant fools. How can the greatest nation ever have this rap? It's not surprising. Americans conduct themselves in Europe like arrogant fools, and many Americans are indeed arrogant fools. And Europeans disdain the kind of confidence, the kind of self-esteem that many Americans actually have. You know, you can see that in, what was the movie? That TV show about the American coming in to coach the soccer team. It's kind of silly but fun. You guys know what it is. It was on Apple TV. It was very successful. Quite funny, quite entertaining. And you can see that the attitude, you know, Americans are deemed to be idealistic, detached from reality. Europeans are cynical, therefore they're more sophisticated because they don't believe in absolutes. Now, I don't think Americans are quite that good anymore. Ted Lasso, thank you. Ted Lasso was a series. And you can see the difference between Americans and Europeans and Ted Lasso. You can see Emily or something like that was a show about this American girl who goes to France. You can see the difference between French culture and American culture. Again, the same kind of thing. Americans think out of the box. They're loud. They're obnoxious. They're often rude. The French are snobs, but who can't think out of the box if they're life dependent on it? So that contrast in culture. And then when you have Trump as president, and before that when you have Bush who wasn't particularly intelligent and who said a lot of pretty stupid things and then got the whole of Europe involved in a stupid war. Yeah, I mean, we get a bad reputation. Then we add the fact that Europeans are statists and they perceive America as capitalist. I would actually take it as a point of honor that Europeans don't like Americans. Many Europeans, because they have this cynical, skeptical, snobbish attitude towards the world. And Americans at their best are the opposite of that. James says, why do people make Texas seem great economically when they have higher taxes than Massachusetts and many other liberal states? What do you think about Boston? I don't know. Does Texas have higher taxes than Massachusetts? Not individual corporate taxes, because individual income taxes, because Texas has no individual income taxes. So in what way does Texas have higher taxes than Massachusetts? Massachusetts has relatively high personal income tax rates. So I don't know in what way Texas has that. I mean, what I think about Boston. I mean, I love Boston. I spent a couple of years in high school in Boston. I love the Celtics. I love the Red Sox. So my sports affiliation is in Boston. Boston's a really pretty city. It's particularly pretty now. It's been modernized. The downtown is beautiful. The skyscrapers, the area by the bay is really beautiful. Yeah, Boston's a great city. Massachusetts is the wealthiest state on a per capita GDP basis. So people are relatively rich in Boston. Property taxes might be higher, but other taxes are lower. It has very high cost and energy. And so it's very mixed, right? Texas has high property taxes, but it has no income taxes. So I don't know which state has the lowest taxes. It's not taxes when you add it all up in spite of the high property taxes. So Texas also has less regulations than Massachusetts. But yeah, generally, I like Boston. I'm going to be there next week. It's a pretty city when the weather's nice. Unfortunately, the weather's not nice a lot there. Michael says the courts are by far the best of the three branches. They are going to bias the most time against tyrannical takeover. Yeah, I think that's right. James says, why do some states have liberal senators and Republican governors and vice versa? Do you think states are becoming more polarized and long-term impact? The reason they have liberal senators and Republican governors, things like that, is because most people in the country are, if you will, in the center. Most people in the country, or significant number of people in the country, are what used to be called conservative, financially, physically conservative, and socially liberal. And you can see that split between the governor and the legislature often, because they can't make up their mind what they care more about. And they say, okay, we'll do a socially liberal here and physically conservative here. And they split government. Of course, the Republican governors in a state like that are usually quite leftists. They're not particularly conservative, or they're certainly not very free market oriented. But, you know, very few of the states out there are, California is an example. California, Illinois are so committed to leftist policies that they'll just go across the board left. And I think a non-democrat could win the governorship in California and has. Schwarzenegger, for example. Because, even in California, you know, if you have a candidate who's reasonable from their perspective, who's middle of the road, who's not considered out there crazy, he can get a lot of the centrist democratic votes and the independents. I think we are getting more polarized. I think if they do away with Roe versus Wade, we'll even be more polarized. And it is going to get worse and worse and worse. I mean, Arnold didn't get elected first time as a rhino. He became a rhino. When he got elected for the first time, he got elected as a free market Republican. He was calling up Milton Friedman for economic advice. He was friendly with Milton Friedman at the time. And he was touting Milton Friedman as his economic advisor. It's only after he lost a referendum, and I forget the referendum that he lost. He lost the kind of free market referendum by a pretty significant margin. And then he said, I'm not going to fight the people. I'm just going to go with the people. And then he completely flipped and became worse than a rhino, became a left-wing Democrat, basically. And he was terrible. Do you see crime rising massively over the next few decades? Do you give Giuliani any credit for cleaning up New York? Yeah, if you give fascist credit for cleaning up whatever city they occupy, I mean, Giuliani used fascist methods to clean up New York. He did succeed in cleaning it up, but by violating property rights left and right, telling businesses what they could and couldn't do, or who they could and couldn't rent to, it was awful. And then the policing strategy was not a policing strategy he came up with. He hired a good chief of police. I forget his name. He had a very good chief of police. And the chief police followed a paper, the broken window paper that was published in the city journal, and did a good job. How much credit to go to Giuliani? I don't know. But look, Giuliani might have done some good things, just like Trump did a few good things. But overall, judge him as a person, judge his actions that led up to him becoming a mayor, judge his total actions as mayor, and I would say he was always one of the worst scoundrels in this country. Again, what he did to Wall Street in the 1980s is unforgivable. James says, do you think Europe will continue to be half in with Russia in terms of helping Ukraine? Do you consider them cowards in this war? Absolutely. I mean, the French and the Germans are unbelievable cowards. You've got to get credit for Poland and some of the other smaller countries. Even Finland and Sweden, you know, applying to become members of NATO is very courageous. But Germany and France are unbelievably cowardice. They want compromise. They want the Ukrainians to sell out. And look, there's no guarantee that Ukraine is going to win this war. The Russians right now are making real progress in the East. I don't think it's major. I still think the Russians are going to find themselves depleted. But they are making progress right now. There's certainly no guarantee that the Ukrainians can win. I don't think the Russians can win, but maybe a stalemate. But the Russians want Ukrainians to sell out. They want appeasement. That is, their philosophical commitment is to appeasement. And that is sickening and cowardly. And I think it will continue. I don't see that changing at all. All right. What's your best book recommendation on investment strategy? I mean, it depends. You know, for a non-professional investor, you know, a book like Random Walkdown Wall Street, while I don't agree with all the analysis there, I think the conclusion is the right conclusion. Diversify and forget about it. In terms of a professional investing, I think a lot of the material and value investing, I think a lot of the material analyzing investment in classical finance books, but I think that Dodd, not Dodd, what do you call him? I can't remember names. But I think some of the classical investment ideas around value investing, about investing in things you know, things you understand, cash flows you understand, is right. And then, yes, I think that is my recommendations. What's your opinion on NFTs? I mean, actually, I'm positive about NFTs. I'm not sure the NFTs that are distributed right now are worth anything because I'm not sure they actually represent art or actually anything value. But look, NFT is just a collectible. People collect lots of crazy things. NFTs could be a collectible that represents art. That's always a good thing. Why, you know, more art is better than less art. And if artists can use NFTs to fund their art, but then you need good art. And that would be a great thing if we had good art. Right now, I don't see the good art, but maybe this will be a mechanism by which good artists can sell and distribute and make a living creating good art. So I'm not dismissive of it. Generally, I'm not dismissive of crypto as much as maybe I used to be. I think it's too many smart people investing in this technology. And there's something there. I don't think we've seen what's there. I don't think we have the Amazon or the Google of crypto of Web 3, but they will emerge and we will see. I don't think it's always zero. What are you doing in Boston next week? I'm basically going to the Celtics game. I'm going to watch the Celtics and Warriors. Maybe I'll take some fundraising meetings from my hedge fund, but other than that, I'm just going to see the game. Nothing else. Colts, what are your thoughts on North Carolina's economy and how they regulate in tax in the state? I think our state's pretty cool for doing business. Generally, it's one of the more friendly states to do business in. It's also relatively, at least the triangle is a very educated place, a high quality labor. It's got a good Silicon Valley type of vibe in the triangle. So a lot of positives, a lot of good things in North Carolina. I don't know much about the tax regime, but I think on regulation, North Carolina scores relatively high as compared to other states. Florida is the best state vis-a-vis regulations and one of the best vis-a-vis taxes. New York City is best in the U.S. for young adults. Agree? No, I mean context, context, context. For what? For dating? Maybe. For probably not though. For startups? Maybe. Maybe not. For restaurants? Maybe, but San Francisco's pretty good. Chicago? For what? I don't know. It's super expensive for a young adult. So I don't know, it depends on your values. So there is no one best place in the world for a generic human being because there's no such thing as a generic human being. But it says 90% of the problem in the U.S. and conflict the U.S. has will be resolved if the policy would be promigration. Agree? No, 90%? No, you can have promigration policies and bad policies everywhere else. But immigration would help a lot. So I'm very promigration. All right guys, thank you. 700 bucks, we just crossed the 700 bucks mark. 701, maybe we just got James gave another two bucks. Boston or Austin, which do you like the most? Austin, Austin. I love Austin. Austin's got an energy and a vibe to it that is difficult to surpass. Boston has the history. Austin has the presence. Plus the weather's better. Boston's unlivable for a significant part of the year. Too cold, too wet. All right guys, have a great night. Have a great rest of your week. We've gone for two hours. I will see you all today's Tuesday. So I'll see you on Thursday. Not sure what the topic will be for show in June. I'm excited about it. See you then. Bye everybody. Thanks.

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Life In Mexico | Frances Calderón de la Barca | *Non-fiction, History | Sound Book | 13/14

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50. Indian Dresses, Saints, Music, Union of Tropical and European Vegetation, Old Customs, Falls of the Sararaki, Silkworms, Indian Painting, Beautiful Heroine, Leaves, Yuruapa, Tzira Quaratiro, Tocca de Vindian, Alcalde's House, Pasquaro, Old Church, Mosaic work, The Lake, The Cave, Fried Fish, Rich Indians, Convent, Quincho, Darkness, Morelia, Alameda, Cathedral, Silver, Waxworks, College, Wonderful Fleas, Yurimpa, 31st. The dress of the Indian women of Yuruapa is pretty, and they are altogether a much cleaner and better-looking race than we have yet seen. They wear Naguas, a petticoat of black cotton with a narrow white and blue stripe made very full, and rather long, over this a sort of short chemise made of coarse white cotton and embroidered in different colored silks. It is called the Sutu Nakua. Overall is a black reboso striped with white and blue with a handsome silk fringe of the same colors. When they are married they add a white embroidered veil, and a remarkably pretty colored mantle, the Hueppelili, which they seem to pronounce guppeli. The hair is divided, and falls down behind in two long plates fastened at the top by a bow of ribbon and a flower. In this dress there is no alteration from what they wore in former days, saving that the women of a higher class wore a dress of finer cotton with more embroidery, and a loose garment overall resembling a priest's surplus when the weather was cold. Among the men the introduction of trousers is Spanish, but they still wear the Maidla, a broad belt with the ends tied before and behind, and the Dilmatli or Tilmas they now call it a sort of short square cloak, the ends of which are tied across the breast or over one's shoulder. It is on a coarse Dilma of this description that the image of the Virgin of Guadalupe was found, painted. Yesterday, being the festival of Sandres, the Indians were all in full costume and procession, and we went into the Old Church to see them. They were carrying the saint in very fine robes, the women bearing coloured flags and lighted tapers, and the men playing on violins, flutes, and drums. All had garlands of flowers to hang on the altars, and for these lights and ornaments and silk and tinsel robes they save up all their money. They were playing a pretty air, but I doubt it's being original. It was not melancholy and monotonous, like the generality of Indian music, but had something wild and gay in it. It was probably Spanish. The organ was played by an Indian. After mass we went upstairs to try it, and wondered how, with such miserable means, he had produced anything like music. In the patio between the curate's house and the church are some very brilliant large scarlet flowers, which they call here, flor del pastor, the shepherd's flower, a beautiful kind of euphorbia, and in other places flor de noche buena, the flower of Christmas Eve. Last evening we walked out in the environs of this garden of Eden by the banks of the river Marquise, amidst a most extraordinary union of tropical and European vegetation, the hills covered with furs and the plains with sugarcane. We walked amongst bananas, saddock, chidi-moyes, and orange trees, and but a few yards higher up, bending over and almost touching them, were groves of oak and pine. The river pursues its bright unwearyed course through this enchanting landscape, now falling in cascades, now winding placidly at the foot of the silent hills and among the dark woods, and in one part, forming a most beautiful natural bath, by pouring its waters into an enclosure of large smooth flat stones overshadowed by noble trees. A number of the old Indian customs are still kept up here, modified by the introduction of Christian doctrines, in their marriages, feasts, burials, and superstitious practices. They also preserve the same simplicity in their dress, united with the same vanity and love of show in their ornaments, which always distinguished them. The poorest Indian woman still wears a necklace of red coral, or a dozen rows of red beads, and their dishes are still the hikali, or as they were called by the Spaniards, kikaras made of a species of gourd or rather a fruit resembling it and growing on a low tree, which fruit they cut in two, each one furnishing two dishes. The inside is scooped out in a durable varnish given it by means of a mineral earth of different bright colors, generally red. On the outside they paint flowers and some of them are also gilded. They are extremely pretty, very durable, and ingenious. The beautiful colors which they employ in painting these kikaras are composed not only of various mineral productions, but of the wood, leaves, and flowers of certain plants, of whose properties they have no despicable knowledge. Their own dresses manufactured by themselves of cotton are extremely pretty, and many of them very fine. December 1st. We rode out early this morning, and passing through the lanes bordered with fruit trees, and others covered with blossoms of extraordinary beauty. Of whose names I only know the Fluripudio, ascended into the pine woods fragrant and gay with wild thyme and bright flowers, the river falling in small cascades among the rocks. After riding along these heights for about two leagues we arrived at the edge of a splendid valley of oaks. Here we were obliged to dismount and to make our way on foot down the longest, steepest, and most slippery of paths, winding in rapid descent through the woods, with the prospect of being repaid for our toil, by the sight of the celebrated falls of the Sararaki. After having descended to the foot of the oak-covered mountain, we came to a great enclosure of lofty rocks, prodigious natural bulwarks, through a great cavern in which the river comes thundering and boiling into the valley, forming the great cascade of the Sararaki, which in the Taraskin language means sieve. It is a very fatiguing descent, but it is worthwhile to make the whole journey from Mexico to see anything so wildly grand. The falls are from fifty to sixty feet high, and of great volume. The rocks are covered with shrubs and flowers with small jets of water issuing from every crevice. One lovely flower that looks as if it were formed of small white and rose-coloured shells springs out of the stones near the water. There are rattlesnakes among the woods and wild boars have occasionally been seen. The Sinyaritas why, when children two or three years ago, wandering among these mountain paths, saw an immense rattlesnake coiled up, and tempted by its gaudy colours were about to lift it when it suddenly wakened from its slumber, uncoiled itself, and swiftly glided up the path before them, its rattlesounding all the way up amongst the hills. We sat, beside the falls for a long while looking at the boiling, hissing, bubbling, foaming waters rolling down headlong with such impetuous velocity that one could hardly believe they form part of the same placid stream which flows so gently between its banks when no obstacles oppose it, and at all the little silvery threads of water that formed mimic cascades among the rocks, but at length we were obliged to recommend our toil some march of the slippery mountain. We were accompanied by several officers amongst others by the commandant of Yruapa. Sinyarblanc says that they are at present occupied here at the instigation of a Frenchman named Ginold in planting a large collection of mulberry trees which prosper wonderfully well in this climate for the propagation of silkworms, but they have no facilities for transport and at what market could the silk be sold? There are a thousand improvements wanting here which would be more profitable than the speculation. They have sugar, corn, maize, minerals, wood, cotton, water for machinery, every valuable and important produce all requiring their more immediate attention. We had a pleasant ride home and when we got back amongst the lanes leading to the village stopped every moment to admire and wander at the rare and beautiful blossoms on the trees and pulled branches of flowers off them more delicate and lovely than the rarest exotics in an English hot house. This morning the weather was damp and rainy, but in the afternoon we took a long walk and visited several Indian cottages all clean and the walls hung with fresh mats, the floors covered with the same, and all with their kitchen utensils of baked earth neatly hung on the wall from the largest size in use to little dishes and harritos in miniature which are only placed there for ornament. We also went to purchase kikaras and to see the operation of making and painting them which is very curious. The flowers are not painted but inlaid. We were fortunate in procuring a good supply of the prettiest which cannot be procured anywhere else. We bought a very pretty suttunakwa and a black riboso. The women are not at all anxious to sell their dresses as they make them with great trouble and preserve them with great care. We had a beautiful walk to the Magdalena about a mile from the village. Every day we discovered new beauties in the environs and one beauty we saw on entering a small ranch where they were painting kikaras at the table while a woman lay in the shaking fever in a bed adjoining which was quite consistent with the place. This was a lady, the proprietor of a good estate some leagues off, who was seated on her own trunk outside the door of the rancho. She was a beautiful woman in her prime, the gentleman said, Pasei, and perhaps at eighteen she may have been more charming still, but now she was a model for a Judith or rather for a Joanne of Arc even though sitting on her own luggage. She was very fair, with large black eyes, long eyelashes and a profusion of hair as black as jet. Her teeth were literally dazzling, her lips like the reddest coral, her color glowing as the down upon a ripe peach. Her figure was tall and full, with a small beautifully formed hands and fine arms. She rose as we came in and begged us to be seated on a bench near the door, and with an unceremonious of travelers who meet in outlandish places we entered into conversation with her. She told us her name and her motives for travelling and gave us an account of an adventure she had had with the robbers of which she was well fitted to be the heroine. It appears that she was travelling with her two sons, lads of fifteen and sixteen, when they arrived at this rancho to rest for the night, for by this time you will understand that those who travel hereabouts must trust a chance or two hospitality for a night's lodging. To their surprise they found the farmers gone, their dogs gone and the house locked. They had no alternative but to rest as they could among their luggage and mules in the yard in front of the house. In the middle of the night they were attacked by robbers. The boys instantly took their guns and fired but without effect. Still in the darkness the robbers probably imagined that they were more people and more arms, and when she, dragging a loaded musket of one of the horses, prepared to join in the engagement, the cowardly ruffians took flight, a good half a dozen before a woman and two boys. She was particularly indignant at the farmers, these malditos rancheros as she called them, who she said had been bribed or frightened into withdrawing their dogs and themselves. She returned home after a long walk in the dark and in the midst of all the howling yelping, snarling barking dogs which rushed out as we went by, from every cottage in Urwapa. After supper they sent for a clever Indian girl who understands Spanish as well as her native idiom, and who translated various Castilean words for us into the original Taraskan which sounds very liquid and harmonious. Tomorrow we shall leave Urwapa and this hospitable family whose kindness and attention to us we never can forget. It seems incredible that we have only known them a few days. We have, however, the hopes of seeing them again as we pass through Vaya Dolid where they intend removing in a few days. We left Urwapa yesterday morning at eleven o'clock accompanied part of the way by Señor Isasaga and another gentleman amongst whom was Madame Yitulbire's brother. We are now returning to Morelia, but avoided Kuru and the rocks, both to save our animals and for the sake of variety. We rode through large tracts of land, all belonging to the Indians. The day was agreeable and cloudy and the road, as usual, led us through beautiful scenery, monotonous indescription and full of variety in fact. Though nearly uninhabited and almost entirely uncultivated, it has pleased nature to lavish so much beauty on this part of the country that there is nothing melancholy in its aspect, no feeling of dreariness in riding a whole day, league after league without seeing a trace of human life. These forest paths always appear as if they must in time lead to some habitation. The woods, the groves, the clumps of trees seem as if they had been disposed, or at least beautified by the hand of art. We cannot look on these smiling and flowery valleys and believe that such lovely scenes are always untenanted, that there are no children occasionally picking up these apricots. No village girls to pluck these bright fragrant flowers. We fancy that they are out in the fields and will be there in the evening, and that their hamlet is hid behind the slope of the next hill, and it is only when we come to some Indian hut or cluster of poor cabins in the wilderness that we are startled by the conviction that this enchanting variety of hill and plain wood and water is for the most part unseen by human eye and untrod by human footsteps. We had no further adventure during this day's journey than buying bread and cheese from sheer hunger at a little wooden tavern by the roadside whose shelves recovered with the glittering rows of bottles of brandy and mezcal. At some of the Indian huts also we bought various branches of platanos that most useful of fruits and bases of the food of the poor inhabitants of all the tropical climate. It has been said that the banana is not indigenous in America and that it was brought over by a friar to Santo Domingo. If so, its adopted country agrees with it better than its native land, but I believe there are many traditions which go to prove that it did already exist in this hemisphere before the 16th century and that the Spaniards did no more than increase the number of the already indigenous species. Its nutritive qualities and the wonderful facility with which it is propagated render it at once the most useful of trees and the greatest possible incentive to indolence. In less than one year after it is planted the fruit may be gathered and the proprietor has but to cut away the old stems and leave a sucker which will produce fruit three months after. There are different sorts of bananas and they are used in different ways, fresh, dried, fried, etc. The dried plantain, a great branch of trade in Michoacan with its black shriveled skin and flavor of smoked fish or ham is exceedingly liked by the natives. It is, of all making articles of food, my peculiar aversion. About four o'clock we arrived at the small village of Tseracuaratiro, a collection of Indian cottages with little gardens surrounded by orange and all manner of fruit trees. As we had still one or two hours of daylight and this was our next halting place, we wandered forth on foot to explore the environs and found a beautiful shady spot, a grassy knoll sheltered by the surrounding woods where we sat down to rest and to inhale the balmy air, fragrant with orange blossoms. We were amused by a sly-licking Indian of whom Sien asked some questions and who was exceedingly talkative giving us an account of his whole menagee and especially praising beyond measure his own exemplary conduct to his wife, from which I inferred that he beats her as indeed all Indians consider it their particular privilege to do. And an Indian woman who complained to a padre of her husband's neglect mentioned as the crowning proof of his utter abandonment of her that he had not given her a beating for a whole fortnight. Someone asked him if he allowed his wife to govern him. Oh, no, said he, that would be the mule leading the arellero. There was nothing to be seen in the village of which it hardly deserves the name, but a good-looking old church which two old women were sweeping out. But they told us they rarely had mass there as the padre lived a long way off. The alcalde permitted us and our escort to occupy his house, consisting of three empty rooms with mud floors and about seven the next morning we were again on horseback and again in route for Pasquaro, a pretty ride of eleven or twelve leagues. We breakfasted at the village of Ahuna in a clean hut where they gave us quantities of tortillas and chile baked by some very handsome tortilleras. A number of women were caring about a virgin all covered with flowers to the sound of a little bell. It was about four o'clock when we arrived at the hills near Pasquaro. Here we dismounted from our horses and remained till it was nearly dusk, laying on the grass and gazing on the lake as the shadows of evening stole slowly over its silver waters. Little by little the green islands became indistinct, a gray vapor concealed the opposite shores and like a light breath spread gradually over the mirrored surface of the lake. Then we remounted our horses and rode down to Pasquaro, where we found the Señor H.A. as before ready to receive us, and where our mules being disabled we proposed remaining one or two days. Fifth. We have been spending a quiet day in Pasquaro and went amass in the old church which is handsome and rich and gilding. At the door is printed in large letters, for the love of God all good Christians are requested not to spit in this holy place. If we might judge from the observation of one morning I should say that the better classes in Pasquaro are fairer and have more color than is general in Mexico, and if this is so it may be owing partly to the climate being cooler and damper, and partly to their taking more exercise, there being no carriages here, whereas in Mexico no family of any importance can avoid having one. We were very anxious to see some specimens of that mosaic work which all ancient riders upon Mexico have celebrated and which was nowhere brought to such perfection as in Pasquaro. It was made with the most beautiful and delicate feathers, chiefly of the picaflores, the hummingbirds, which they called Huzitaylil, but we are told that it is now upwards of twenty years since the last artist in this branch lived in Pasquaro, and though it is imitated by the nuns the art is no longer in the state of perfection to which it was brought in the days of Cortes. We are told that several persons were employed in each painting, and that it was a work requiring extraordinary patience and nicety in the blending of the colors and in the arrangement of the feathers. The sketch of the figure was first made in the proportions being measured, each artist took charge of one particular part of the figure or of the drapery. When each had finished his share all the different parts were reunited to form the picture. The feathers were first taken up with some soft substance with utmost care, and fastened with a glutinous matter upon a piece of stuff. Then the different parts being reunited were placed on a plate of copper and gently polished till the surface became quite equal when they appeared like the most beautiful paintings, or according to this writer is more beautiful from the splendor and liveliness of the colors, the bright golden and blue and crimson tints than the paintings which they imitated. Many were sent to Spain and to different museums both in Europe and Mexico, but the art is now nearly lost, nor does it belong to the present utilitarian age. Our forefathers had more leisure than we, and probably we have more than our descendants will have, who for odd we know may be extra high pressure be able to put a girdle round about the earth in forty minutes. We however saw some few specimens of saints and angels, very defective in the sketch but beautiful in the coloring, and quite sufficient to prove to us that there was no exaggeration in these accounts. We rode yesterday to the shores of the lake where we embarked in a long canoe formed of the hollow trunk of a tree, and rode by Indians a peculiarly ugly race with tartar looking faces. The lake was very placid, clear as one vast mirror, and covered with thousands of wild ducks, white egrets, cranes and herons, all those waterfowl who seemed to whiten their plumage by constant dipping in pools and marshes and lakes. On the opposite shore to the ride lay the city of Zinzunzan and on a beautiful island in the midst of the lake, the village of Hanicho, entirely peopled by Indians, who mingle little with the dwellers on the mainland, and have preserved their originality more than any we have yet seen. We were accompanied by the prefect of Pasquaro, whom the Indians fear and hate in equal ratio, and who did seem a sort of Indian. Mr. Bumble, and after a long and pleasant row, we landed at the island, where we were received by the village Alcalde, a half-cased Indian who sported a pair of bright blue merino pantaloons, as opposed to distinguish himself from his blanketed brethren. The island is entirely surrounded by a natural screen of willow and ash trees, and the village consists of a few scattered houses with small cultivated patches of ground, the Alcalde's house, and an old church. We walked or rather climbed all over the island, which is hilly and rocky, and found with several great stones entirely covered with the ancient carving. Moved by curiosity we entered various caverns where idols have been found, and amongst others one large cave which we had no sooner groped our way into, than I nearly fell down suffocated by the horrible and most pestilential atmosphere. It appears that it is a sleeping place of all the bats in the island, and heaven forbid that I should ever again enter a bat's bed-chamber. I groped my way out again as fast as possible, heedless of idols and all other antiquities, seized a cigarito from the hand of the astonished prefect, who was wisely smoking at the entrance, lighted it, and inhaled a smoke which seemed more fragrant than violets after the stifling and most unearthly odor. The chief food of these islanders besides the gourds and other vegetables which they cultivate is the white fish for which the lake is celebrated, and while we were exploring the island the Indians set off in their canoes to catch some for us. These were fried at the alcaldes and we made a breakfast upon them which would have rejoiced the horrors of an epicure. We then went to visit the church, and, though the cottages are poor, the church is as usual handsome. Amongst other curiosities there is a virgin entirely covered with Indian embroidery. The organist's place is hereditary in an Indian family descending from father to son. The long-haired Indian who played it for us has such a gentle expression and beardless face that he looks like a very young woman. Some of the Indians here are very rich and bury their money, and one, called Augustine Campos, who has beautified the church as we read, on an inscription carved on his stone outside, has thirty thousand dollars, is much respected, and has the addition of dawn to his name yet wears a coarse blanket like his fellow men. We stayed some hours on the island and went into some of the huts where the women were baking tortillas, one Indian custom at least which has descended to these days without variation. They first cook the grain in water with a little lime and when it is soft peel off a skin then grind it on a large block of stone, the metate or as the Indians, who know best, call it, the metadol. For the purpose of grinding it they use a sort of stone roller with which it is crushed and rolled into a bowl placed below the stone. They then take some of this paste and clap it between their hands till they form it into light round cakes which are afterwards toasted on a smooth plate called the Komalili, Komal they call it in Mexico, and which ought to be eaten as hot as possible. In our return we had the variety of a slight storm which ruffled the placid surface of the lake and caused the rowers to exert all their strength to bring the canoe to port before it should become more violent. This morning we walked all through Pasquaro which can boast of many good houses, a square and portales and ended by going to visit the convent of Santa Catarina. We saw some of the nuns who wear white dresses and instead of veils the black Indian reboso. They were common looking women and not very amiable in their manners, but we did not go further than the outside entry. On our return we met a remarkable baby in arms, wearing an enormous white satin turban with a large plume of white feathers on one side balanced on the other by huge bunches of yellow ribbons and pink roses. It also wore two robes, a short and a long one, both trimmed all round with large platings of yellow satin ribbon. It was evidently very much admired as it passed along. Tomorrow our mules having recovered we set off for Valladolid. Valladolid, Ninth. About half past seven we left Pasquaro which considering that we had a long day's journey before us was scarce nearly enough. We regretted very much taking leave of the senora H.A. who has been so kind to us and whom we can certainly never hope to see again. I observe that in these long days journeys we generally set off in silence and sometimes ride on for hours without exchanging a word. Towards the middle of the day we grow more talkative and again towards evening we relapse into quiet. I suppose it is that in the morning we are sleepy and towards evening begin to grow tired feeling sociable about nine o'clock a.m. and not able to talk for a longer period than eight or ten hours. It was about four in the afternoon when we reached Quinchot where we were welcomed by the damsels of the baths whose father is now still more of an invalid than before. It is a lonely life that these poor girls lead here nor should I think their position a very secure one. Their poverty, however, is a safeguard to a certain extent, and there are a few robbers in this country in the style of Morales. We were tempted to stop here and take a bath in consequence of which it was dark when we set off for Morelia. The horses unable to see took enormous leaps over every little streamlet and ditch so that we seemed to be riding a steeple-chase in the dark. Our gowns caught upon the thorny bushes and our journey might have been traced by the tatters we left behind us. At length we rode the wrong way up a stony hill which led us to a wretched little village of about thirty huts, each having ten dogs on an average according to the laudable custom of the Indians. Out they all rushed simultaneously, yelping like three hundred demons, biting the horses' feet and springing round us. Between this canine concert, the kicking of the horses, the roar of a waterfall close beside us, the shouting of people telling us to come back, and the pitch darkness I thought we should all have gone distracted. We did, however, make our way out from amongst the dogs, redescended the stony hill, the horses leaping over various streamlets that crossed their path, turned into the right road and entered the gates of Morelia, without further adventure, between nine and ten o'clock. Morelia, eleventh. We have passed the last few days very agreeable in this beautiful city, seeing everything worthy of notice and greatly admiring the wide and airy streets, the fine houses, the handsome public buildings, but especially the cathedral, the college and the churches. It has also a fine square with broad piazzas occupying three of its sides, while the cathedral bounds it to the east. There is a crowded market in the plaza and a fine display of fruit and vegetables. The population is said to be a little upwards of fifteen thousand, but one would suppose it to be much greater. Living and house rent is so cheap here that a family who could barely exist upon their means in Mexico may enjoy every luxury in Valladolid. The climate is delightful and there is something extremely cheerful in the aspect of the city in which it differs greatly from Toluca. We received visits from various Morelians amongst others, from Don Cayetano Gomez, the proprietor of San Bartolo. We went one evening to the Alameda, a broad straight walk paved with flat stones shaded by fine trees under which are stone benches and bounded by a low stone wall. Several ladies were sitting there whom we joined, and amongst others, a remarkably pretty poblana, married into the Gomez family. The Alameda is crossed by a fine aqueduct of solid masonry with light and elegant arches. We drove to the Paseo, a broad shady road where we met but few carriages, and the same evening we went out on foot to enjoy the music of a very good military band which plays occasionally for the amusement of the citizens. It is not to be supposed that when Mexico can boast of so little society, there should be much in a provincial town, besides the city has the pretension of being divided into cliques. And there are first people and second rate people and families in our set and so on, so that some of the ladies being musicians, once set, will get up a concert, another, a rival concert, and there not being a sufficient musical society to fill two concerts, both fall to the ground. There is a neat little theater but at present no company. Some of the houses are as handsome as any in Mexico, but there is no city which has fallen off so much since independence as Morelia, according to the accounts given us by the most respectable persons. We had a visit from the bishop, Señor Portugal, one of the most distinguished men here or in fact in the whole republic of Mexico. A man of great learning, gentle and amiable in his manners, and in his life a model of virtue and holiness. He was in the cabinet when Santa Ana was president, concerning which circumstance an amusing story was told us, for the correctness of which I do not vouch, but the narrator a respectable citizen here certainly believed it. Señor Portugal had gone by appointment to see the president on some important business, and they had but just begun their consultation when Santa Ana rose and left the room. The minister waited, the president did not return. The time passed on, and still the minister continued expecting him, until at length he inquired of an a-day camp in waiting, if he could inform him how soon the president might be expected back. I hardly know, said the officer, for his Excellency has gone to visit Cola de Plata, Silver Tail. And who may Cola de Plata be? said the minister. A favorite cock of his Excellencies wounded this morning in a fight which he won, and to whose care is now personally attending. The bishop, soon after, sent in his resignation. Accompanied by several of our friends, including one of the cannons of the cathedral, we visited that splendid building the second day of our arrival. It is still wonderfully rich, notwithstanding that silver, to the amount of thirty-two thousand marks has been taken from it during the civil wars. The high altar is dazzling with golden silver, the railing which leads from it to the choirs of pure silver, with pillars of the same metal. The two pulpits with their stairs are also covered with silver, and the general ornaments, though numerous and rich, are disposed with good taste, are kept in order and having nothing tawdry or loaded in their general effect. The choir itself is extremely beautiful, so also is the carved screen before the organ. The doors of the first being of solid silver, and those of the other of richly carved wood. There is also an immense silver font, and superb lamps of silver. We particularly admired some fine paintings, chiefly by Cabrera, and especially a Madonna and Child, in which there is that most divine expression in the face of the Virgin, the blending of maternal love with awe for the divinity of the Child. Four of these paintings, it is said, were sent here by a Spanish king as far back as Philip II. These four are colossal in size and are finely painted, but little cared for or appreciated and placed in a bad light. We were shown two saints sent from Rome loaded with false jewels, but carefully preserved in their respective shrines. All the holy vessels, and priests' dresses and jewels were taken out for our inspection. The sacramental custodia cost thirty-two thousand dollars, and the richest of the dresses, eight thousand. There is a lamb made of one pearl, the fleece and head of silver, the pearl of great size and value. We toiled up through winding staircases to the belfry, and it required the beautiful and extensive landscapes spread out before us to compensate us for this most fatiguing ascent. The bells are of copper and very sonorous. The Canoniho pointed out to us all the different sights which had been the scenes of bloody battles during the Revolutionary War. The facilities for obtaining provisions and the mountainous character of the country are amongst the causes that have rendered this province the theatre of civil war. The Padre afterwards took us into a large apartment, a sort of office, hung around with the portraits of all the bishops of Michoacan, one bearing so striking a resemblance to our friend Don Francisco Tagli that we were not surprised to find that it was in fact the portrait of one of his family, who had occupied the Episcopal Sea of Michoacan, and below it were the Tagli arms referring to some traditionary exploit of their ancestors. They represent a knight killing a serpent, and the motto is Tagli kill a serpent and kill a serpent and marry the princess. The same evening we visited a lady who possesses a most singular and curious collection of works in wax, and more extraordinary still they are all her own workmanship. Every fruit and every vegetable production is represented by her with a fidelity, which makes it impossible to distinguish between her imitations and the works of nature. Plates with bread, radishes and fish, dishes of fowls and chili and eggs, baskets full of the most delicious-looking fruit, lettuces, beans, carrots, tomatoes, etc., all are copied with the most extraordinary exactness, but her figures show much greater talent. There are groups for which an amateur might offer any price could she be prevailed upon to offer these masterpieces for sale. There is a poblana peasant on horseback before a ranchero looking back at him with the most coquettish expression, her dress perfection from the straw hat that half shades her features to the beautiful little ankle and foot in the wide satin shoe, the short embroidered petticoat and the riboso thrown over one shoulder. A handsome Indian selling pulque and branding her little shop with every variety of liquor temptingly displayed in rows of shining bottles to her customers. The grouping and coloring perfect and the whole interior arrangement of the shop imitated with the most perfect exactness. There is also a horrid representation frightfully correct of a dead body in a state of corruption which it makes one sick to look at and which it is inconceivable that anyone can have had pleasure in executing. In short, there is scarcely anything in nature upon which her talent has not exercised itself. Yesterday we visited a seminario or college, a fine spacious old building kept in good repair. The rector conducted us over the whole establishment. There is a small well chosen library containing all the most classic works in Spanish, German, French and English, and a larger library containing Greek and Latin authors, theological works, etc. A large hall with chemical and other scientific apparatus, and a small chapel where there is a beautiful piece of sculpture in wood, the San Pedro by a young man, a native of Valladolid, so exquisitely wrought that one cannot but regret that such a genius should be buried here, should not at least have the advantage of some years studying Italy where he might become a second canova. One must visit these distant cities and see these great establishments to be fully aware of all that the Spaniards bestowed upon their colonies, and also to be convinced of the regret for former times which is felt amongst the most distinguished men of the Republic, in fact by all who are old enough to compare what has been with what is. I ought not to omit in talking of the natural productions of Valladolid to mention that it is famous for fleas. We have been alarmed by the miraculous stories related to us of these vivacious animals and were rejoiced to find ourselves in a house from which by dint of extreme care they are banished. But in the ins and inferior houses they are said to be a perfect pestilence, sometimes literally walking away with a piece of matting upon the floor and covering the walls in myriads. The nuns, it is said, are or were in the habit of harnessing them to little carriages and of showing them off by their ingenious devices. We rode out in the evening to meet our friends from Uruapa, who were expected to arrive yesterday. I upon a very formidable and handsome cavalry horse, rather above his work which some expected to run away, and others to throw me off at which might have done both but being a noble creature did neither. We did not meet our friends who, having been delayed on their road, only arrived this evening. We have therefore decided to remain here till tomorrow afternoon when we shall continue our journey homewards by San Bartolo. Life in Mexico by Francis Calderón de la Barca, letter the fifty first. San Bartolo, Mass Market, Rancheros, San Andrés, Insanity, Rancho, House of Don Carlos Hamburger, Wild Scenery, German Songs, Las Mias, Leaf Taking, Storm, Rainbow, El Pilar, La Gambia, Toluca, News, Copper, Pronunciamiento, Return to Mexico, General Morán, Funeral Obsequies, New Theatre, Cox Mass, Santa Clara, Santa Fe Prisoners, New Year. And Hangueo, Fourteenth After taking leave of all our hospitable friends in Morelia, we set off in the afternoon and had a delightful ride to San Bartolo. Fortunately, the following day, Sunday, was that of the Virgin of Guadalupe, one of the greatest festivals here, so that we had an opportunity of seeing all the people from the different villages who arrived in the courtyard by daybreak and held a market in front of the hacienda. Various were the articles for sale and picturesque the dresses of the sellers. From cakes, chile, atole, and groundnuts to rebosos and bead rosaries, nothing was omitted. In one part of the market, the sturdy rancheros were drinking pulque and devouring hot cakes. In another, little boys were bargaining for nuts and bananas. Country women were offering low prices for smart rebosos. An Indian woman was recommending a comb with every term of endearment, to a young country girl who seemed perfectly ignorant of its use, assuring her customer that it was an instrument for unraveling the hair and making it beautiful and shining, and enforcing her argument by combing through some of the girl's tangled locks. Before breakfast we went to mass in the large chapel of the hacienda. We and the family went to the choir, and the body of the chapel was filled with rancheros and their wives. It is impossible to see anywhere a finer race of men than these rancheros, tall, strong, and well-made, with their embroidered shirts, coarse sarapes, and dark blue pantaloons embroidered in gold. After mass the marketing recommended and the rebosos had a brisk sale. A number were brought by the men for their wives, or novias, at home which reminds me of a story of blanks, of a poor Indian woman in their village who desired her husband to buy a pedico for her in Mexico, where he was going to sell his vegetables. She particularly impressed upon him that she wished it to be the color of the sky, which at sunrise when he was setting off was of a flaming red. He returned in the evening bringing to her great indignation a pedico of a dusky gray, which happened to be the color of the sky when he made his purchase. In the evening we drove through the fields the servants and the young master of the house amusing themselves as they went by the chasing and colir of the bulls. They have one small, ugly, yellow-colored bull which they call tame, and which the mausoles ride familiarly. They persuaded me to try this novel species of riding, a man holding the animal's head with a rope, but I thought that it tossed its horns in a most uncomfortable and alarming manner and very soon slipped off. We stopped, during our ride, at a house where the proprietors make a small fortune by the produce of their numerous beehives, and walked along the banks of a fine clear river, winding through beautiful and verdant groves. The next morning by six o'clock we were again on horseback and took leave of San Bartolo. We rode by in Damparapeo, a considerable village, with sloping shingle roofs in about ten, reached Quirandero, breakfasted with Señor Pimentel, and then continued our journey toward San Andrés, where we were to pass the night. We had a horse with us which occasionally fell down on the road, shivering all over, groaning, and apparently dying, but which had twice recovered from these fits. But this day, having stopped beside a running stream to water our horses, the unfortunate beast fell again, and when we had remounted and were riding forward a servant galloped after us to tell us that the horse was dead at last, so we left him to his lonely grave by the river's side. Great therefore was our amazement when sometime after we perceived him treading along the road at a great rate in pursuit of his party apparently quite recovered. We passed the night at San Andrés a poor venta, but clean, consisting of three empty rooms, a spirit shop, and a kitchen. Our escorts leapt in the piazza, rolled in their sarapes. Our beds were stuck up in the empty rooms, and we got some supper upon foul and tortillas. We were interested by the melancholy air of a poor woman who sat aloof on the piazza, uncared for and noticing no one. We spoke to her, and found that she was insane, wandering from village to village, and subsisting on charity. She seemed gentle and harmless but the very picture of misery, and quite alone in the world having lost all her family. But God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb. We saw her again in the morning, before we set off and saw her get some breakfast in the kitchen. The poor people of the venta seemed kind to her. They who dwell in comfortable houses, surrounded by troops of friends, and who repine at their lot, would do well to compare it with that of such a being. This morning we left San Andrés and have had a pleasant ride in spite of a hard trotting horse, which fell to my lot. Impossible to conceive more beautiful scenery than that which we passed through today. Some of the hills have a singular formation, each large hill appearing composed of a variety of smaller ones, of a pyramidal shape. We rode through Taximaura without stopping and breakfasted at a rancho where the whole family were exceedingly handsome. Ferrancero himself was a model for a fine-looking farmer, hospitable and well-bred, knowing his place yet without any servility. Ferrancerita, who was engaged in the kitchen, was so handsome that we made every possible excuse for going to look at her. About four o'clock we once more crossed the hills and came down upon the plains by which we left Anhuanghuo, and passed over a river as red as blood that looked as if hostile armies had been engaged in fierce combat by its banks and their bodies rolled in the tide. This ensanguine hue is, however, caused not by warlike steel but by peaceful copper, not peaceful in its effects, by the way at this moment, for the whole country more or less is in commotion on the subject of copper coin. You must know that some few years ago the value of copper was suddenly reduced by law to one-half, causing a great loss to all but much distress to the poor. The intrinsic value of the copper, however, bore so little relation to the value given to it, that it was a very productive business to counterfeit it, of which many unprincipled individuals availed themselves to such an extent that it had almost become an openly exercised branch of industry all through the Republic. When Santana became provisional president he ordered that all the copper coin, whose currency was now reduced to six or eight percent, below par, should be given into certain deposits which he named promising to repay it in genuine coin of real value. But this naturally caused a still greater depreciation, bringing it down as low as sixty percent, and still greater discontent, the people having little faith in the promise, and, in fact, the payment could not be made at the appointed time because there were not sufficient coining machines, and as a few new cents that did circulate were said not to contain their real value, the distress became greater than ever. The merchants refused to receive copper, and there was no silver or small change. In the meantime, in many of the large haciendas the proprietors have given checks to the workmen with which they have been able to buy what they required at the shops which are attached to these haciendas. The amount of the copper in circulation cannot be calculated for it is almost all counterfeit. It is supposed, however, to be at least from eight to nine millions of dollars. You may easily imagine the fortunes that will be made and as they say are being made by those of the government party who are buying up for sixty what will be paid them by favor of the government at the rate of a hundred. We rode up the hills that lead to the house of Don Carlos Heimberger, and were again hospitably received by him and his German friends. Nothing can have a finer effect than the view from the piazza of his house in the evening looking down upon the valley. The piazza itself has a screen of green creepers which have the effect of a curtain of a theater half drawn up. Behind the house rises a dark frowning hill in the form of a pyramid. In front is the deep ravine with the huts of the workmen, and while the moon throws her quivering beams over the landscape, the metallic fires of livid blue light up the valley. There is something wild and diabolic in the scene, and as the wind howls around the valley with a dismal sound it seems as if one were looking on at some unholy, magical incantation, so that it is pleasant to return after a while to the comfortable rooms and cheerful fires within which have so homely and domestic and air. We hope to spend tomorrow here and the following day to go on to Toluca from whence I shall continue my letter. Toluca, nineteenth. The next day we visited the works which are like all others, accepting that here they do not use quick silver to extract the silver from the lead, but do so by the process of oxidation by the means of a reverberatory furnace. The people generally have an unhealthy appearance as nearly all have who are engaged in these works, the air being loaded with particles of metal. After visiting the mills and the sheds where the process of oxidation is carried on and admiring the metallic riches of these mountains, we left the hot and poisoned atmosphere and walked up the mountains, clothed with a hardy vegetation, with every noble tree and flowering shrub, and pursued our course till we came to a fine waterfall, which plunges from a great height over the gigantic rocks. The scenery here is rude and wild. The great rocks are covered with hardy trees, the pine, the cedar, the oak, and the flowering laurel. The river after dashing down in this noble cascade runs brawling amongst the forest clothed hills till it reaches the plains and flows on placently. We spent an agreeable day wandering amongst the mountains and when we returned sat on the piazza to watch the moon as her broad disc rose over the valley, and the fierce blue lights that made her mild fires grow pale. All Germans are musical, and the gentlemen in this house did not belie the national reputation. After dinner a bright fire blazing, doors and windows shutting out the cold air that whistled along the hills, they struck up in chorus some of the finest national airs, particularly the hymn to the Rhine, so that it seemed an illusion that we were in this wild mining district, inhabited only by the poorest Indians, and we were transported thousands of miles off across the broad Atlantic, even to the land where. The castled crag of dragonfells frowns over the broad and winding Rhine. We also amused ourselves by examining Madame B's album, and if those milk and water volumes belonging to young ladies, where young gentlemen write prettinesses, he called albums. Some other name should be found for a book, where some of the most distinguished artists in Germany have left proofs of their talent, and where there is not one page which does not contain something striking and original. Nothing pleased me so much as the fanciful illustration of the beautiful legend of Lorelai, which Madame B read to us with great feeling. We became too comfortable here for hardy equestrian travelers, and had we stayed much longer, should have begun to complain of tough fowls, beds in barns, and other inconveniences, which we had hitherto laughed at. But we tore ourselves away from our capois, and on the morning of the sixteenth set off for El Pilar. Don Carlos Heimberger, M. and Madame B, etc., accompanied us for seven leagues all through the woods. We had a delightful ride, the day was cool and cloudy, and we were, besides, constantly shaded by the noble forest trees. But we had not reached Las Mias before the sky was overcast, the clouds became black and gloomy, and at length broke out in rain. We galloped fast for the day besides being rainy was cold, and in the afternoon reached Las Mias. Here we breakfasted in the little portico, which we preferred to the interior of the cottage, chiefly upon tortillas and boiled de jocotes, a fruit which grows in great abundance and resembles a small apple. Here again we were two Indian girls of admirable beauty, dance le genre, baking tortillas. We were now obliged to part from our kind to German friends and to ride across the plains. But had not gone more than halfway when the clouds burst forth in torrents, pouring their fury on our devoted heads so that in five minutes we were all drenched as if we had fallen into a river. We took shelter for a little while under a solitary spreading tree, but the storm increased in violence and it was advisable to gallop forwards in order to arrive at El Pilar before it became dark. Suddenly the most beautiful rainbow I ever beheld smiled out from amongst the watery clouds. It formed a complete and well-defined arch of the most brilliant colors in the heavens reflected by another on the plains, which, uniting with it, blended its fainter hues with the light of the heavenly bow. We arrived at El Pilar, tired and drenched and greatly in need of the hospitable reception which was given to us by its mistress. The following morning we set off early for La Gabia, feeling some regret that our journey was drawing to a close. Some of us who rode in front found ourselves surrounded by several suspicious looking, while armed men on horseback who, under pretence of asking some questions, rode very close to us and then stopped and faced round on their horses, but there was no danger, our escort being at a short distance and when they observed its approach they bestowed no further attention upon us. Don Xavier Hechavaria had returned to Mexico, but we were cordially welcomed by his brother-in-law Tan Manuel, Gerospe, and so kindly pressed to remain some days at nothing, but our limited time would have induced us to set off next morning for Toluca. Here we arrived last night, having performed our journey by a different and more agreeable road than that of the three hundred barancas. We entered Toluca by moonlight and found that respectable city all in commotion on the subject of copper, presenting a very different aspect from the quiet and conventional air of repose which distinguished it little more than a month ago. Yesterday Colonel Y., who had accompanied us during all this journey, left us to return to Michoacan, having thus brought us back in safety, to the point from which we started. We are spending a very tiresome day in the inn which, however, is a more decent place and belongs to a better line of coaches than the other. We have been enlivened by several visits, amongst others, from the commandant and from an aided camp of General Valencias. For the first time since we left it we have news from Mexico. Santa Ana de Don is now dictator of king in all but the name, affecting more than royal pomp, yet endeavouring by his affability to render himself popular. Above all, he has made known his determination of not seizing an inch of ground belonging to the clergy, which seizure of church property was the favourite idea of parades and the progressistas. This resolution he has not printed, probably in order not to disgust that party, but his personal declaration to the Archbishop and the Padres of the Professor, and in a letter to the Bishop of Puebla, is that he will not only leave their property untouched, but that, where he out of power he would draw his sword in their defence for that, good or bad, he is a sincere Catholic. This has done so much to establish him in the good opinion of the clergy, and it is said that in every convent in Mexico, monks and nuns are now wearying heaven with prayers in his behalf. In short, the conquerors and the conquerors, those of the progress and those of the dictatorships, seem all, barring a few noble exceptions actuated by one motive, and that is the general interest. Count C.A. is restored to the command of his battalion del Comercio, which has been re-established, it having deserted to the Federalists in the last revolution. It appears that the President's favourite plan is to have thirty thousand men under arms, and there is little doubt that he will bring this about. Sixteen new generals have been created, and General Tornel is made a general of division. The senora V.A. has given a ball at which she and other ladies appeared with trains rehearsing as it would seem before the court drawing rooms. I was told, and by good authority, that the present sent by Santana to the Lady of the Commander-in-Chief on her birthday was a box containing three generals' belts, with a request that she would bestow them on those whom she considered most deserving of them, and that the Lady herself buckled the sashes on her favourite nights in her own boudoir. This was valour rewarded by the hand of beauty, and thus she deserved in arms be crowned. Meanwhile the Master of the House presents himself with a disturbed and gloomy countenance, and doubts much whether we can have any dinner today, because no one will sell anything, either for copper or silver, moreover hints darkly that they expect a copper pronunciamiento tomorrow, and observe that the shops are shut up. Since we could get no dinner, we went out to take a walk, and we think that olucanos have a fierce and agitated aspect. We attempted to go to mass this morning, but there was a congregation of leperos, who filled not only the church but the whole enclosure and the street beyond, so that we could not even approach the church door. Unfortunately we cannot get a diligence until twenty-first. They have brought us at last, I will not say dinner, but something to eat. Twentyth. This morning the firing of squibs, the beating of drums, the shouting and confusion on the streets, announced that the raigamuffin population of Toluca had turned out, and going to the balcony I very nearly received the salutation of a skyrocket in my eye. Orders have been given out by the alcalde, that copper shall be received in payment by the merchants, some of whom have declared they will only receive silver. A large mob has collected before the alcalde's door, with shouts of Viva la plata, muerta el cobre, long-lived silver, death to copper, apostrophizing these useful metals as if they were two generals. The merchants have issued a declaration that during three days only they will sell their goods for copper, of course at an immense advantage to themselves. The Indians and the poorer classes are now rushing to the shops and buying goods, leaving in return for their copper about half its value. If Santana keeps his word, the patriotism of the merchants will be rewarded. C. N. has just had a visit from one of the merchants who wishes his conduct to be represented in a proper light in Mejico. Mejico. Twenty Second. With much joy we stepped into the diligence early yesterday morning accompanied by the commandant of Toluca, and retraced our road to Mejico, for though Toluca is a fine city with clean airy houses, wide well-paved streets, and picturesque in its situation, there is something sad and deserted in its appearance, an air of stagnation that weighs upon the spirits, and the specimens we have seen of its lower orders are not inviting. We had, rather, an agreeable journey as the day was cool, and we had the diligence to ourselves. We breakfasted again at Quahimalpa, took leave of the interesting, its quinte bodzotli, still hanging from its hook and again ascended the eminence from which Mejico suddenly bursts upon the view, and after a short absence with all the charms of novelty. Before we arrived at Takubaya we were met by a carriage containing Senor E. and his lady, who insisted on our leaving the diligence and carried us off to their own house where we now are. On the second of January we expect to take our final departure from the great city of the lake. December 28. Another old year about to chime in, another Christmas passed away, but during these last few days it has been all in vain to attempt finishing my letter between making arrangements for our journey, receiving and returning visits, going to the opera and seeing and revisiting all that we had left unseen or wished to see again before leaving this. People seemed determined that we shall regret them and lotus with kindness and attentions, the more flattering that now at least they are entirely personal and cannot proceed from an interested motive. We have reason to thank them both steady and sincere in their friendship. General Moran has died, universally regretted. He has been embalmed according to the system of Ganal and his funeral was performed with extraordinary magnificence. The troops out, the foreign ministers and the cabinet following on foot, the former in full uniform and a great train of carriages reaching along the whole Caille San Francisco from the church to the square. The body dressed in a general's uniform was carried upon a splendid bire, and was so perfectly embalmed that he seemed not dead nor even asleep, but lying in an attitude of repose. The expense of this operation will probably prevent its ever becoming very common, and certainly there are but few cases where it can be advisable to adopt it. An embalmed dynasty might be a curious sight. To trace the features of a royal line from Charlemagne to Charles X, from Alfred to William IV would be a strange study. Mary of Scotland and Elizabeth, lying in the repose of death yet looking as they lived and hated centuries back, might be a curious piece of antiquity. A Hernán Cortés, a Washington, a Columbus, a Napoleon, men whose memory for good or for evil will survive time and change. It would be a strange and wondrous thing if we could look on their features as they were in life. But it is to be trusted that this method of successful wrestling with the earth for what it claims as its due will not generally prevail, or at the end of a few centuries the embalmed population would scarce leave room for their living and breathing descendants, nor is it an agreeable idea that one might, in a lapse of ages, grace the study of an antiquary or be preserved amongst the curiosities of a museum. I would stuff birds and beasts and preserve them in cabinets but not the remains of immortal men, dust unto dust, and the eye of faith turned from the peraging remains to the spirit which has gone to the God who gave it. The function performed in the general's honor within the church was as magnificent as eglisiastic and military splendor could render it. We were in the gallery above. The beer placed on a lofty scaffolding covered with black velvet and lighted with wax tapers was placed near the altar. The music was solemn and impressive. Every respect has been shown to the deceased general by Santa Ana's orders, accepting the core diplomatic and the officers all within the church are in deep mourning. The chief difficulty we have in arranging our affairs here consists in the imperfect impossibility of persuading any tradesman to keep his word. They name the day, the hour, the minute at which they are to be with you, or at which certain goods are to be sent to you. They are affronted if you doubt their punctuality and the probability is you never hear of them or their goods again. If they are not exact for their own interest they will not be so for yours. And although we have had frequent proofs of this carelessness, we are particularly annoyed by it now that we are within a few days of our departure. During our residence here we have had little to do with shops and shopkeepers, having found it more convenient and economical to send to Paris or even to the United States for all articles of dress. Now, though everything must still be comparatively dear, the bad times have caused a great reduction in prices, and dear as all goods are they would still be dear of worried not for the quantity that is smuggled into the Republic. There are an amazing number of French shopkeepers, French tailors, headers, shoemakers, apothecaries, etc., but especially French modists and peruquiers. The charges of the former are exorbitant, the latter are little employed except by gentlemen. There are also many Spanish shops, some German and a few English, but I think the French preponderate. We went some time ago to see the Montepio, which is under the auspices of Senor Tagli, and it is melancholy enough to see the profusion of fine diamonds and pearls that are displayed in these large halls. After a certain time has elapsed, without their being redeemed, the pledged articles are sold, gold and silver in whatever form, by the weight, but jewels for their intrinsic value. There is a sale once a week. We were shown privately the jewels of the Virgin de los Remedios, which are very superb. There is a small theatre, lately established, called the Theatre of New Mexico, where there is a Spanish company, the same whom we saw two years ago in Veracruz. They are drawing away various persons from the principal theatre. Their object seems to be to make people laugh, and they succeed. On Christmas Eve we went there to see the Gracioso, Harlequin, in a woman's dress, Tripoli, an old Spanish dance accompanied with singing. They introduced some appropriate lines concerning the later troubles about the copper which were received with great applause. Just as they were concluding the Tripoli, a young gentleman in the pit I do not know whether Mejican or Spanish rose and waving his hand after the manner of a man about to make an address, and requesting attention kindly favoured the audience with some verses of his own, which were received with great good nature, the actors bowing to him and the pit applauding him. It seemed to me a curious piece of philanthropy on his part. At midnight we went to the church of Santa Clara to attend what is called the Misa del Gallo, the cox mass, which is private, only respectable persons being admitted by a private entrance, for midnight mass in Mexico takes place with shut doors as all nightly reunions are dreaded. Santa Clara being attached to the convent of that name will remain after mass, to see the white-robed sisters receive the sacrament from the hands of a priest by the small side door that opens from the convent to the church. The church was lighted but the convent was in darkness, and looking in through the grating we could only distinguish the outline of their kneeling figures enveloped in their white drapery and black veils. I do not think there were a dozen persons in the church besides ourselves. A good deal of interest has been excited here lately about the Texian prisoners taken in the Santa Fe expedition, the first detachment of whom have arrived after a march of nearly two thousand miles, and are now lodged in the convent of Santiago about two miles from the center of the city. As their situation is represented to be very miserable and as it is said that they have been stripped of their hats, shoes, and coats, some of the Jamaican families and, amongst others, that of Don Francisco Tagle, regardless of political enmity, have subscribed to send them a supply of linen and other necessary articles which they carried out there themselves. Being invited to accompany them to Santiago, I did so, and we found the common men occupying the courtyard and the officers the large hall of the convent. So far they have been treated as prisoners of war generally are, but it is said to be the intention of Santa Ana to have them put in chains and sent out to sweep the streets with the miserable prisoners of the Accordada. Colonel C., who was presented to me, seemed to treat the whole affair very lightly, as the fortune of war and had evidently no idea that any such fate was in store for them, seeming rather amused by the dress of the monks whom we now saw for the first time. In the Mexicans generally there seems very little if any vindictive feeling against them, on the contrary a good deal of interest in their favor mingled with some curiosity to see them. The common men appeared more impatient and more out of spirits in the officers, which I'll probably know nothing more of their fate before leaving Mexico. We had some intention of paying a last visit to the museum before we went, and Don José María Bustamante, a friend of ours, Professor of Botany, and considered a man of learning was prepared to receive us, but we were prevented from going. I must, however, find some time to answer your question as to the population. The Mexican Republic is supposed to contain upwards of seven millions of inhabitants, the capital, two hundred thousand. Their number cannot be exactly fixed, as there has been no general census for some time. A labor in which a commission with Count Cortina at its head has been employed for some time in the past, and the result of which will be published shortly. All other questions must be replied to De Viva Voix. I must now conclude my last letter written from this place, for we are surrounded by visitors day and night, and to say the truth feel that it is only the prospect of returning to our family, which we can counterbalance the unfeint regret we feel at living our friends in Mexico. My next letter will most probably be dated from Veracruz, and of letter, the fifty-first. Letter the fifty-second of Life in Mexico. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Life in Mexico by Francesca Alderón de la Barca. Letter the fifty-second. Stay in Mexico. Theatre. Santa Ana. French Ministers. Parting. Diligence. Last Look of Mexico. Fatigue. Robbers. Escort. Second Impressions. Baths at Halapa. Veracruz. Some account of San Juan de Iluá. Siege of 1825. Siege of 1838. General Bustamante. Theatre. Have the North Winds. Veracruz. Sixth. January. 1842. Having concluded our arrangements for leaving Mexico on the second of January, we determined as the Diligence started long before daybreak not to attempt taking any rest that night. We went out early and took leave of the Dowager Marquesa de Vivanco, who was confined to the house by illness and whose kindness to us has been unremitting ever since our arrival. It is a sad thing to take leave of a person of her age, and in her delicate state of health whom there is scarcely a possibility of our ever seeing again. Some days before, we parted also from one of our oldest friends here, the Countess C.A. The last day besides the Spaniards who have been our constant friends and visitors ever since we came here, we had melancholy visits of Adu, from Señor Gomez Padrasa and his lady, from the families of Echavari, of Faguaga, Cortina, Escandon, Casa Flores, and many whose names are unknown to you. Amongst others was the Guerra Rodríguez. About eight o'clock accompanied even to the door of the carriage by a number of ladies who were with us to the last, and amongst these were P.A., C.A. and L.Z., E.N. We broke short all these sad partings, and with the A.S. and the family of the French minister, set off with the Theatre of New Mexico. I can imagine your surprise at such a finale, but it was the only means left us of finishing a painful scene, and of beguiling the weary hours yet remaining before the diligence started, for it was in vain to think of rest or sleep that night. The theatre was very crowded, the play and amusing piece of Diablere, called a pata de cabra, the goat's foot, badly got up, of course, as its effect depends upon scenery and machinery. I believe it was very entertaining, but I cannot say we felt inclined to enter into the spirit of it. The family of General V.A. were there, and this being the day of a great diplomatic dinner given by Santa Ana, various officers and diplomates came in late and in full dress. I was informed by one of the company that six colonels stood the whole time of dinner behind his Excellency's chair. I wonder what French officer would do as much for Louis Philippe, Vogue le Galler, from the theatres which concluded about one which drove to the house of the blank minister, where we spent a very grave half-hour and then returned home with a very splendid brioche of generous proportions, which Madame la Baronne de Blanc had kindly prepared for our journey. Arrived at the A.S.'s, we sat down to supper and never was there a sadder meal than this, when for the last time we sat at the hospital-board of these our earliest and latest Mexican friends. We were thankful when it was all over and we had taken leave and when accompanied to the inn by Senor A.D. and other gentlemen we found ourselves fairly lodged in the diligence on a dark and rather cold morning, sad, sleepy and shivering. All Mejico was asleep when we drove out of the gates. The very houses seemed sunk in slumber. So terminated our last Mejican New Year's Day. When we reached the eminence from which is the last view of the valley, the first dawn of day was just breaking over the distant city. The white summits of the volcanoes were still enveloped in mist and the lake was veiled by low clouds of vapor, that rose slowly from its surface, and this was our last glimpse of Mejico. The diligence is now on a new and most fatiguing plan of travelling night and day after leaving Puebla, so that, starting from Mejico at four o'clock in the morning of the second of January, it arrives in Veracruz early on the morning of the fifth, saving a few hours and nearly killing the travellers. The government had granted us escorts for the whole journey, now more than ever necessary. It was five in the afternoon when we reached Puebla, and we set off again by dawn the next morning. We had just left the gates, and our escort which had rode forward was concealed by some rising ground when by the faint light we perceived some half-dozen-mounted cavaliers making stealthily up to us across the fields. Their approach was first discerned by Spanish lady who was with us, and who was travelling with strings of pearl and valuable diamonds concealed about her person, which made her peculiarly sharp-sighted on the occasion. Ladrones, said she, and everyone repeated ladrones in different intonations. They rode across the fields, came up pretty close to the diligence, and reconnoitred us. I was too sleepy to be frightened and reconnoitred them in return with only one eye open. The coachman whipped up his horses, the escort came inside, and the gentleman struck into the fields again. The whole passed, in a minute or so. The soldiers of the escort came riding back to the diligence, and the captain, galloping up to the window, gave himself great credit for having frightened away the robbers. We arrived at Pérote when it was nearly dusk, supped and started again at eleven o'clock at night. We passed a horrible night in the diligence and were thankful when daybreak showed us the beautiful environs of Halapa. It is singular that on a second impression returning by this road the houses appear handsomer than they did before, and nature less beautiful. I conclude that this is to be accounted for simply from the circumstance of the eye, having become accustomed both to the works of nature and of man which characterizes this country. The houses which had first appeared gloomy, large and comfortless, habit has reconciled us to, and experience has taught us that they are precisely suited to this climate of perpetual spring. The landscape with its eternal flowers and verdure no longer astonishes and bewilders us as when we first arrived from a country where, at that season, all nature lies buried in snow. Besides, in our last journey through Michoacan we have passed through scenes even more striking and beautiful than these. Then the dresses which had first appeared so romantic, the high, moorish-looking saddle, the golden broidered manja, the large hat shading the swarthy faces of the men, the coloured petticoat and reboso and long black hair of the women, though still picturesque, have no longer the charm of novelty, and do not attract our attention. The winter also has been unusually severe for Michoacan, and some slight frosts have caused the flowers of this natural garden to fade, and besides all this we were tired and sleepy and jolted, and knew that we had but an hour or two to remain, and had another day and night of purgatory in prospect. Still as we passed along the shady lanes amongst the dark chitimoyas, the green-leaved bananas and all the variety of beautiful trees, entwined with their graceful creepers, we were forced to confess that winter has little power over these fertile regions, and that in spite of the leveller, habit such a landscape can never be passed through with indifference. Arrived at Halapa we refreshed ourselves with the luxury of a bath, having to pass through half the city before we reached, the bathing establishment, from which there is the most beautiful view of wood, water, and mountain that it is possible to behold. The baths are the property of a lady who has a cotton factory and a good house in the city, and fortunate she is in possessing a sufficient portion of worldly goods, since as she informed us she is the mother of twenty children. She herself, in appearance, was little more than thirty. We then returned to breakfast, and shortly after left Halapa. I will not inflict upon you a second description of the same journey, of Blan del Río, with its clear river and little inn, of Puerta del Rey, with a solid majestic bridge thrown over the deep ravine, through which rushes the impetuous river Antigua, or of how we were jolted over the road leading to Paso de Oveja, etc. Suffice it to say that we passed a night which is between suffocating heat, horrible jolting, and extreme fatigue was nearly intolerable. Stopping to change horses at Sant de Fe we saw by the light of the torches which they brought to the door that we were once more among bamboo huts and palm trees. Towards morning we heard the welcome sound of the waves, giving us joyful token that our journey was drawing to a close. Yet when we entered Vera Cruz and got out of the diligence, we felt like prisoners, who have been so long confined in a dungeon, they are incapable of enjoying their liberty. We were so thoroughly worn out and exhausted. How different from the agreeable kind of fatigue which we used to feel after a long day's journey on horseback. Breakfast and a fresh toilette had, however, their due influence. We were in an hotel and had hardly breakfasted when our friend, Don Dionisio Velasco, with some other gentleman, arrived and kindly reproaching us for preferring an inn to his house, carried us and our luggage off to his fine airy dwelling, where we now are and where a good night's rest has made us forget all our fatigues. As we must remain here for one or two days we shall have time to see a little more of the city, and already upon a second survey, sad and dilapidated as it now appears, I can more readily imagine what it must have been in former days before it was visited by the scourge of civil war. The experience of two Macon revolutions makes it more easy for us to conceive the extent to which this unfortunate city must have suffered in the struggle made by the Spaniards to preserve the castle their last bulwark in this hemisphere. San Juan de Uluwa, in spite of the miserable condition in which it now is, remains a lasting memorial of the great works which almost immediately after their arrival on these shores were undertaken by the Spanish conquerors. In 1682, sixty-one years after they had set foot on Aztec soil, they began this fortress in order to confirm their power. The center of the space which it occupies is a small island, where the Spaniard Juan de Grijalva arrived one year before Cortés reached the Macon continent. Having found the remains of two human victims there, they asked the natives why they sacrificed men to their idols, and receiving for answer that it was by orders of the kings of Acolloa the Spaniards gave the island the name of Uluwa by a natural corruption of that word. It is pretended that the fortress cost four millions, and though this immense sum is no doubt an exaggeration, the expense must have been very great when we consider that its foundations are below the water, and that for nearly three centuries it has resisted all the force of the stormy waves that continually beat against it. Many improvements and additions are gradually made to the castle, and in the time of the Viceroy's, a first-rate engineer paid it an annual visit to ascertain its condition and to consider its best mode of defense in case of an attack. In 1806 however Veracruz was sacked by the English Corsair Nicolas Aguilmont, incited by Juan de Lorencio, who had been condemned to death for murder in Veracruz and had escaped to Jamaica. Seven millions of dollars were carried off besides three hundred persons of both sexes, whom the pirates abandoned on the island of Sacrificios when they re-embarked. In 1771 the Viceroy, then the Marquis de la Croix, remitted a million and a half dollars to the governor in order that he might put the castle in a state of defense, and the strong bulwarks which still remain attest the labor that has been bestowed upon it. The outer polygon which looks towards Veracruz is three hundred yards in extent, to the north it is defended by another of two hundred yards, whilst a low battery is situated as a rearguard in the bastion of Santiago, and on the opposite front is the battery of San Miguel. The whole fortress is composed of a stone which abounds in this neighboring island a species of coral, excellent for building, Piedra Mucara. In 1822 no stronghold of Spanish power remained but this castle, whose garrison was frequently reinforced by troops from Havana. Veracruz itself was then inhabited by wealthy and influential Spaniards. Santa Ana then commanded in the province under the orders of Echavari, the captain general, and with instructions from Yutúrpire, relative to the taking of the castle. The commandant was a Spanish general Don José Davila. It was not, however, till the following year when Lemaur succeeded Davila in the command of the citadel that hostilities were begun by bombarding Veracruz. Men, women, and children then abandoned the city. The merchants went to Alvarado, twelve leagues off whilst those who were driven from their houses by a shower of balls sought a miserable asylum amongst the burning plains and miserable huts in the environs. Some made their way to Alapa, thirty leagues off, others to Cordova and Orizava equally distant. With some interruptions hostilities lasted two years, during which there was nearly a constant firing from the city to the castle and from the castle to the city. The object of General Baragán, now commander-in-chief, was to cut off all communication between the garrison of the castle and the coasts and to reduce them to live solely upon salt provisions fatal in this warm and unhealthy country. In 1824 the garrison diminished to a mere handful, was replaced by five hundred men from the peninsula and very soon these soldiers shut up in the barren rocks surrounded by water and exposed to the dangers of the climate without provisions and without assistance were reduced to the most miserable condition. The next year Don José Coppinger succeeded Lemaur and continued hostilities with a fresh figure. This brave general, with his valiant troops surrounded by the sick and the dying, provisions growing scarcer every day and those that remained corrupt and unfit to eat, yet resolved to do his duty and hold out to the last. No assistance arrived from Spain. A Macon fleet was stationed off the island of Sacrificios and other ports to attack any squadron that might come from thence, while the north winds blew with violence keeping back all ships that might approach the coasts. Gods and men says a furious Republican. Zavala, the Spaniards had to contend with having against them hunger, sickness, the fire and balls of the enemies, a furious sea covered with reefs, a burning atmosphere, and above all being totally ignorant as to whether they should receive any assistance. The minister of the treasury Esteva then came from Mexico and proposed a capitulation, and the Spanish general agreed that should no assistance arrive within a certain time, he would give up the fortress, evacuating it with his whole garrison and with the suitable honors. The Spanish succors arrived a few days before the term was expired, but the commander of the squadron, seeing the superiority in point of numbers of the Macon fleet, judged it prudent to return to Havana to augment his forces. But it was too late. On the fifteenth of September the brave General Copinger, with a few troops that remained to him, marched out of the fortress terminating the final struggle against the progress of revolution, but upholding to the last the character for constancy and valor, which distinguished the sons of ancient Spain. Of its last assault by the French squadron in 1838 there is no need to say anything. Every newspaper, as you will remember, gave an account of the capitulation of what the French gazettes called San Juan de Uluwa, the Saint Gen de Arc of the New World, which our mariner saluted as the Queen of the Seas, Verges San Stashe, etc. Sixth. We have just had a visit from General Bustamante, who with his Eite camp, a son of General Calderón, formerly Governor of Halapa, intends shortly to sail in the Chasen for Havana. We have also had a visit from the commander of that vessel, Captain Puente, who succeeded our friend Captain E.A., and who has been kindly endeavouring to make arrangements for taking us also, not having before, been aware of our intentions of living Veracruz at this period. But although we should have much pleasure in returning by the vessel that brought us, we fear that without putting the officers to great inconvenience it will be impossible for them to accommodate so many, for we know the Carvedo pays. It is therefore probable that we shall go by the English packet which sails on the Eighth, but unfortunately goes round by Tampico not very agreeable at this season. We went to Mass this morning, which was said to be particularly crowded in consequence of the general desire to catch a glimpse of the ex-president. I find, personally, an important change in taste if not in opinion. Veracruz's cookery, which two years ago I thought detestable now appears to be delicious. What excellent fish and what incomparable frioles! Well, this is a trifle, but after all, in trifles as in matters of moment, how necessary for a traveller to compare his judgments at different periods, and to correct them. First impressions are of great importance if given only as such, but if laid down as decided opinions, how apt they are to be erroneous. It is like judging of individuals by their physiognomy and manners without having had time to study their character. We all do so more or less, but how frequently we find ourselves deceived. Seventh. We went to the theatre last evening. In the boxes there were only a lady and a gentleman besides our party. The pit, however, was full, but there were no good actors at present. We have been walking about today notwithstanding the heat, purchasing some necessary articles from French modests and French perfumers, most of whom, having got over the fever, are not very well satisfied to remain here and make their fortune. We afterwards walked down to the moly and saw the pleasantest sight that has met our eyes since we left Mexico, the sea covered with ships. It was refreshing to look again on the dark blue waves after so long an absence from them. Commodore Blanc of Mexico, who was present, pointed out that Jason and their Tyrion, Captain Griffin lying out in the harbour, and strongly recommended us to go in the latter as to the English consul with proper patriotism. We have requested him to take our births when he goes to visit the captain on board this evening. No sooner has this been done beyond recall than we found that comfortable arrangements have been made for taking us in the Jason, which goes direct to Havana. It is now too late, so we can only regret our precipitation. There is another beautiful Spanish vessel just arrived, the Liberal, Captain Rubla Cava. Who, with Captain Puente of the Jason, has been to see us this evening. If the wind holds fair, the packet sails to-morrow, but the experienced predict a norther. The symptoms of this terrible wind which blows in the Mexican Gulf from the autumnal to the vernal equinox are no not only to the sailors but to all those who have lived some time in this city. The variation in the barometer is a surest sign. A land breeze from the northwest first blows gently, then varies to the northeast, then changes to the south. The heat is then suffocating and the summits of all the great mountains appear cloudless and distinct against the deep blue sky while round their bays flows a veil of semi-transparent vapor. Suddenly the tempest bursts forth and all are instantaneously relieved, all but the poor mariners. The air becomes refreshed, clouds of dust come sweeping along the streets, driving away as it were the pestilential atmosphere. Then there is no fever in Veracruz. All communication is cut off between the castle and the city and between the city and all foreign shipping. Sometimes the norther lasts three or four days, sometimes even twelve. If it turns to a southerly breeze, the tempest generally returns. If it changes to the east or northeast, the breeze generally lasts three or four days, and the ships in the port take advantage of the intervals to escape and gain the high seas. These gales are particularly dreaded off the coasts of Tampico. Eighth. We sail in a few hours, the norte not having made its appearance, so that we expect to get clear of the coast before it begins. The Jason sails in a day or two unless prevented by the gale. We only knew this morning that it was necessary to provide mattresses and sheets, etc., for our births on board the packet. Fortunately all these articles are found ready made in this seaport town. We have just received a packet of letters, particularly acceptable, as bringing us news of home before our departure. I have also received two agreeable compagnons de voyage in the shape of books, Stefan's Central America and Washington Irving's Life of Margaret Davison, opportunity sent to me by Mr. Prescott. Our next letters will be written either at sea or from Tampico, end of letter, the fifties second.

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How Long till I Dunk Off Vert? - 5'10" Vlog #506

What a journey.... 🚀Jump Workouts & Coaching!🚀 StevenCeli.com NY video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqDcxw3Nqeo Podcast: https://link.chtbl.com/84mfoTRB My stats: 🙋🏼‍♂️Standing Reach = 91” inches 👱🏼‍♂️my skin = 5’9.3” Barefoot (5'10") 🏀Vert ~ 42.5" max measured vertical #HowToDunk #JumpHigher

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Went to New York being drowned out by all the noises all the sounds all the ideas all the grind all the obstacles There is a fuel in that to rise above that to stand out even more made a whole video on it So check that out. I got new shoes the vivo barefoot, which I'm super pumped about so review coming soon on those And got the hydro gun the quietest massage gun so gonna do a review on that soon, too Don't camp in six weeks. Let's go. Am I gonna jump that high? Anyway, today is just about documenting the dribble dunk journey Which has been way up and down and as you see I'm dunking multiple times a week now ask any questions You want dunk tip Tuesday? I dropped a new energy podcast today Monday morning I took a million photos in New York making a photo book. I got wraps in the works CVC ain't gifted bro if you listen bro, I'm trying to get you off that elliptical You running in place all of these honeys won't give me their cake all of a sudden want me on their plate I'm too romantic and slow in the peace rather go on a date meditate meditate meditate. I'm loving life I'm living on a higher frequency and that's what my channel is about gonna make a whole new channel trailer, too How long do you think for me to get a standstill vertical jump dunk on? 99.5 I felt super close already the drop step felt amazing to dunk like that I'm already getting more and more comfortable the trick is staying disciplined to the details I need to hammer home. It's not an easy thing. I want to go full speed. I want to jump my highs It's kind of like lifting weights. You want to hit that new milestone? You want to lift heavier weights, but you gotta carve the pattern so that's what I'm doing I hope this inspires you to stay focused on your journey and I'm excited so you can watch this video and Look back on this video. That's why I'm posting it so you can see in the future when I'm killing it off the dribble Dunking on people's lives in a game effortlessly drop step dunking This will be a video we can look back on to show you. I had to put the reps in I had to learn the technique I wasn't just jumping higher and higher easily going up the ladder a vertical jump mountain and making progress after progress A simple linear path. That's not how it is at least not for me. So this is a video for the ages I'm excited. I'm excited for the journey follow along the journey. Let me know what you want to see Ask any questions. I'm excited for this channel to continue to grow and you're creeping on 50k I also want to make updated dunk life gear specifically shorts. I got a lot of ideas a lot of energy So let's get to it

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2023/24 Panini Prizm Collegiate Draft Picks Basketball Hobby 8 Box Break #10

Live Group Breaks and Case Breaks! Check us out at http://www.laytonsportscards.com Our new Discord has launched! If you are a Youtube Member or Twitch Subscriber, connect your Youtube OR Twitch to your Discord account to gain access to all channels! If you DON'T, you will not be able to see all channels and chats. https://discord.gg/rwcWdxZQt5 Amazing Breaks at Great prices! One of the Biggest Breaking Operations in the World! BREAK SCHEDULE: https://laytonsportscards.com/pages/break-schedule PERSONAL BOX BREAKS: https://laytonsportscards.com/collections/personal-boxes RANDOM RESULTS (Found under "Quick Links" at bottom of our website! : https://laytonsportscards.com/blogs/results Follow Us: INSTAGRAM @LaytonSportsCards TWITTER @LaytonSports - https://twitter.com/LaytonSports FACEBOOK https://www.facebook.com/LaytonSportsCards YOUTUBE https://www.youtube.com/user/LaytonSportsCards TWITCH https://www.twitch.tv/laytonsportscards Multistreaming with https://restream.io/

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Everybody for a steer ripping 23 24 prism draft basketball hobby eight bucks number 10 random teams We're gonna randomize now, and then we'll get started. Good luck everybody and two go five times here Go names first One two three four and five Alex L down to James s And the teams one two three four and five Excuse me spurs down to Raptors Alex L spurs Charles F Rockets L two pelicans Jonathan L sixers Kenneth W. Cavs Manuel V Mavericks from Mars Hawks Michael S Kings might Manuel V with the Clippers Nate S. Lakers Gregory M Thunder Barton L Suns Joseph C warriors Brett scene all non-NBA Joshua B Celtics Charles F Nuggets Jeff M Blazers Jonathan L Nets Tom B Bucks Wolves Eugen with the magic Gregory M. Nick Jeff M Bulls Kenneth W Hornets Manuel V Grizzlies Kyle Z Jazz Joseph K Pacers Wang S. Heat Kenneth W. Wizards Gregory M. Piston James S Raptors These posted right now There's your link for the results case you check them out anytime late in sports cards calm results quick link bottom of the website So it's like we'll have to push them more guys Let's go ahead and get black football in the mixer and NT filled up. Let's see a Big card out of here got Matt Bradley rookie purple ice number to 149 a Grant sure field rookie Otto to 75 sure field But he was Phoenix. He was Suns and summer leagues only affiliation. He has silver Adam Flagler hyper Mojave King Rookie Venom nice price sense about going to Utah Venom or snakes in whichever one you want to call it and a Kobe buffkin Kobe buffkin Kobe steakhouse We go to the giant liquor bowls they make I'm getting that Edwards the 99 on the autograph Justin Edwards. I think he might still be I think he's not NBA. I think he's in college now. I just give it whatever doesn't matter my drink so much That's not gonna make a difference Noodles rice protein don't matter Yep, that is gonna be non NBA. He is at Kentucky currently as a freshman silver Brandon Miller I think it's always kind of like that in prison draft illegal. I think hypermatheran Red Hakeem it's like a handful of case like that red Hakeem obviously goes Rockets to 99 and a skewed brilliance Maybe not quite this common though Say David Thompson auto to 75 David Thompson, where's his longest tenure? David Thompson Denver, right? Yeah, okay Denver Nuggets on the David Thompson Silver Dylan Mitchell hyper Trey young and a purple ice of the Marta Rosen for the bulls Bulls the 149 is silver feel it's Brandon Miller Charlotte a couple Brandon Miller so far. Let's do it. Let's do it rated prospects silver of my Taz Busellis for non NBA James Najee rookie gold autograph number six of ten James Najee. He is Where you at Najee where you at? Hmm gonna be Charlotte, right? Or no Pistons or wait Hornets then right because he's still in he was drafted, but he's still So we go draft rights, which would be the Hornets, right? Yeah, okay, so the Hornets have his rights. They're just gonna go Hornets Solid one there. It's getting confused there for a second. I Didn't know he was drafted and then like traded. I didn't know that or like the rights. You know what I mean? That's why I was getting confused there. I thought it was just Charlotte, but I saw Detroit. I'm like, whoa, so it is Charlotte in a Charlotte Silver Isaiah Thomas, but we want to hang on to there. I got hyper pat Ewing Pulsar rookie Adam Flagler on the orange to the 49 And a grady dick Grady dick every time I say something like that Jake starts laughing dude like Cameron dicker the kicker Cameron Richard or new Jordan Lawler schtick No, no one cares. Thankfully. I didn't yeah Taylor and Taylor enters rookie blue to one ninety nine for the jazzy sco nights I know Jake will appreciate that as a fellow night. There's been a Cambridge rookie auto out of 149 Desmond Cambridge is gonna be a That's not the right desmond Cambridge different desmond Cambridge here. Where's this guy? Yeah, Desmond Cambridge, Jr Raptors, right? Yeah, Raptors Raptors Yeah, web and yama definitely the big chase in this Short prints numbered cards silver a star Thompson Hyper Evan Mobley red at John Morant number 299 Jordan Hawkins Like all women yamas are selling pretty well right now Nice. Yeah, I didn't see it Jake did not see it Here at whatever Derrick Whitehead on the autograph rookie You can never remember anything nowadays three whiteheads Brooklyn that's on the whitehead Don't want whiteheads though. I want those Silver Levine put a 51 last night hyper rookie case and Wallace and a blue wave of Nick Smith, Jr. It's 249 Wemby fireworks or to tattoo if I was ordered a tattoo ink. I probably wouldn't have an arm right now Scoot the 99 is a Gabe Kelshaw rookie auto Are you sure it's a Gabe Kelshaw? That's Jake. That's my impression. That's my impression of Jake He goes to the wizards silver Kelshaw Nick Smith, Jr. Hyper and a Kendrick Davis rookie blue ice That I'm 99 silver widescreen is Dylan Mitchell. I didn't Jake. I didn't hear are you gonna say what it is or no? I'm gonna time out he hasn't said what it is yet So 99 is a Chris Livingston purple ice rookie auto Chris Livingston. Yeah, bucks on the Livingston Silver Palo Hyper shack Purple Trace Jackson Davis That one's number to 75 I'm in Thompson. Yeah, Paul. That's the worst game in the NFL history. Is that the Jets Giants game earlier? Blue ice is a Palo nice Duke color match and magic color match Orlando It's 199 you got a Daniel Gibson auto to 75 for the Cavaliers Oh silver Damien Lillard hyper rookie Colby Jones and a blue ice so Han for the spurs It's 99 and a Steph Curry fireworks 25 Jalen Wilson rookie autograph on the mojo. It's like Nets Jalen Wilson, right? Nets silver rookie Jalen Pickett hyper Tatum red sassar rookie Out of $2.99 and a widescreen Jimmy Butler Her we're getting the ball for the first time David Singleton rookie autograph here Yeah Hawks It does it makes like almost no sense hyper rookie Derrick Whitehead Got a blue wave Grady Dick It's 249 for the Raptors and a silver Chris Murray So that game is set the NFL back 50 years Jake just said chat chat back 50 years life Wemby base That is a to 125 blue auto of christian brown for the nuggets Solver Keontae George hyper Jalen brown Tristan Vukovic to 199 rookie. Yeah, man. That's that's a tough one That's like the worst one though Redemption is bob macadoo. Wow bob macadoo. I believe is gonna go to the clippers Legacy signatures prism blue Bob macadoo Yeah clippers clippers bob macadoo It was Buffalo who became the clippers. It was clippers for a while There you go Clips silver jalen picket hyper marquise Noel and a red of trey johnson It's 299 Purple ice rookie is gonna be derrick whitehead It's 149 leaky black red rookie auto leaky black Oh, he went he go Hawks. No Leaky black is hornets So 149 silver jaden ivy hyper rookie keontae george and a red a blue wave trey young for the Hawks It's 249. Oh boy orange pulsar is a dillon mitchell autograph for all other Nice mitchell to 49 texas color match. That's all other So rookie keontae george hyper rookie adam flagler and a blue magic johnson The lakers the 199 cd sasoko blue ice is a rookie auto joey hauser. I think he It's 75 joey hauser jazz I was afraid. Yeah, you tall you tall Lillard hyper rookie brand of miller for the charlotte hornets nix mith jr. Rookie blue ice Out of 99 and a grady dick silver Paul you feel lucky with your star wars boxes later Got a redemption is going to be jalen clark college penmanship prism's purple ice jalen clark T wolves jalen clark t wolves t wolves jalen clark silver j dub hyper scotty barns and a blue wave derrick whitehead rookie 249 and miller there Purple ice is a skewed henderson nice skewed for the blazers to 149 Surge of barry rice spurs rookie auto spurs on the surge of barry rice silver kalshore Hyper amen thompson a blue ice palo ben caro But 99 Do what while breaking a fanatics that is a dillon mitchell autograph Silver assarts or amen thompson hyper alan iverson and a purple ice jerry west goes to the lakers out of 149 Tatum fearless red fat lever autograph Fat lever Gotta be denver, right? Gotta be denver. It could be the mavericks, can it? It is denver. It is denver Fat lever auto for denver to 149 What's up mic? That's silver londi hyper rookie sensaba and a red could be buffkin for the hawks 299 and a week three whitehead again Mojo here auto is max well lewis max well lewis For the lakers 25 silver is brice sensaba hyper paul george and a blue wave of amen thompson Going to the rockets to 249 Blue is a stef curry Out of 199 for the dubs a peat nance Not that kind of nance Not with the z Okay, uh, gonna be cleveland Cleveland on that one silver scotty barns hyper keegan murray and a blue castleton for the lakers It's 199 Give my boy Howdy Echler? Oh, dillon's going down Jacoby walter blue ice auto to 75 goes to all other Silver keegan murray hyper zion and a blue ice and bead For these sixers there to 99 orange postal rookie otter's uh traquavion smith Jim's illegitimate son Traquavion right sixers on the traquavion smith rookie otter to 49 silver is iverson hyper rookie singleton and a red d wade We're at 299 silver taylor hendrick's prison break. Let's see an sp Eagle stink dude. Got john marant purple. Yep out of 75. That's facts You got a dama sanogo auto to 149 sanogo Sanogo bulls Seth londi silver hyper donovan mitchell and a red kj evans at 299 julian strawther to 75 for kibalu ice auto Nuggets on the strawther silver jaylon williams hyper rookie is adama sanogo blue is maxon's prosper rookie At 199 and his zion There he is that's a no go on sanogo. Oh boy Magic rookie otter to 149 tiger campbell Nothing huge yet. 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Russia, Trump, the Border Adjustment Tax and Diminishing Returns

Jay Fidell is joined by Lucien Pugliaresi, President, Energy Policy Research Foundation, Inc. (EPRINC) an energy policy think tank in Washington D.C. ThinkTech Hawaii streams live on the Internet from 11:00 am to 5:00 pm every weekday afternoon, Hawaii Time, then streaming earlier shows through the night. Check us out any time for great content and great community. Our vision is to be a leader in shaping a more vital and thriving Hawaii as the foundation for future generations. Our mission is to be the leading digital media platform raising pubic awareness and promoting civic engagement in Hawaii.

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Okay, we're back for a live three o'clock rock. Welcome to Energy in America on Think Tech. I'm your host, Jay Fidel. The show today is called New Issues for a New Administration. I'm going to talk about the border adjustment tax and energy alliances with Russia. Our guests for the show are Lucy and Pulirisi. Thanks for participating, Lucy, and welcome to the show. Good to be here, Jay. So we're in a threshold of a new administration, and this new administration is in Washington one that is already sucking the oxygen out of the prospects of good government, some say. Two issues come to mind on the energy front of this administration. One involves the larger economic implications of the border adjustment tax that Paul Ryan and the new Republican Congress are considering. Will this help our economy? Will it help our energy independence or not? The second issue we'll discuss is Russia, a huge piece of geography with lots of natural resources, including energy resources. So what relationship does Donald Trump have with energy going forward in Russia? What relationship does his choice for Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, CEO of Exxon, have with energy going forward in Russia? So many questions, such confusion, such issues of credibility, so many risks in this increasingly complex and threatening geopolitical world, and we haven't even had an inauguration yet. So our guests and regular contributor, Lucy and Pugirisi, will help us understand today. So welcome back to the show, Lou. Nice to have you here. Let me ask you at first, what's going on with the border adjustment tax? So I think this is the tax no one ever heard of, but it's a very big deal. And the way to start to think about this, I think, which is the important thing is, if you look at most of the economies of the world, particularly the developed world, they have something called a value-added tax. So in Europe it's not uncommon. You buy your chocolate croissant and the guy adds on a 20% tax on that, or maybe through the whole production process, the flour they added a bit. And it's essentially a consumption tax. And the argument goes like this, Europeans have a relatively low corporate tax rate because they shift their taxes onto consumers. Now in the U.S., we have a relatively high corporate tax rate, 35%. Some people get deductions for solar power, yada, yada, yada, yada, all this stuff. But the basic fact is that embedded, at least the theory goes, embedded in the price of goods in the U.S. is a high corporate income tax. It's kind of embedded in this price. And so the way to fix this is to get the corporate rate down in the U.S. But you have to pay for this lower corporate tax rate some way. And so is there a way to impose this cost so it looks a little bit like a consumption tax and puts the U.S. on a more level playing field? So the thinking behind the border adjustment tax is that we're going to tax, we're going to put an adjustment, not really a tax, an adjustment about the corporate tax. The corporate tax goes down to 20%. And all incoming goods in the U.S. will have a 20% tax. And all exports will have that tax removed. And so the thinking behind this is that... But what do you mean removed? How does that work? Yeah, so the corporate tax rate gets lowered by 20%. Businesses would no longer need to depreciate capital investment, by the way. Instead, they will be able to fully write off or expense everything. Businesses would no longer need to pay tax to the IRS on profits from foreign operations. So the idea is to go to a full territorial tax. This is a really big deal with the Republican caucus on the House. This would no longer be able to deduct interest as a business expense. And the corporate tax would be border adjusted as we just discussed. Now, you can imagine certain folks get quite nervous about this, like Walmart and Target, who import large amounts of goods and services, particularly goods, TVs from China, whatever. And what the tax analysts are telling us, they're saying, well, you shouldn't worry about that. Because of the adjustment, the dollar will rise sufficiently to fully compensate for the increased border adjustment tax. So we'll be broadening the tax base. But not everyone is fully on board with this effort yet, as you can well imagine. Some folks are quite concerned that it may be not compliant with the WTO, or that there'll be retaliation. Some folks may view this as a tariff and not a border adjustment. Isn't it a tariff? It's the same thing as a tariff, isn't it? Well, I think the argument is it's not a tariff, but an adjustment tax to make sure embedded in the price of U.S. goods that are consumed domestically is the 20% corporate income tax, and that this tax is not part of U.S. exports. So they're in a way trying to mimic that. But it's extremely complex. I can tell you that there's a huge debate. Different companies have different views on this. And I think it's going to be, it's very important for Hawaii, by the way, when you consider how much of your goods are imported, particularly from the Pacific Rim. Yeah. Well, it's very scary because this is a regressive tax when you do this. All consumption taxes are regressive. And in fact, you might argue that the U.S. tax system is one of the least regressive in the world because we do not have high value-added taxes on consumption tax. Well, I mean, we have a gross tax size tax, 4%, and the special add-on to that is more because of the rail here in Oahu. But that's a regressive tax. And what's interesting about that tax, different, for example, from the New York tax, which is at a higher rate, the sales tax there, the New York tax exempts a lot of things like food and medicine and things that are close to the heart of the consumer. But in Hawaii, the 4% actually generates a lot more income, more for the government, per capita, because it's on everything. There are no exceptions. Yeah. And so that's completely regressive. And it's that the surtax I mentioned, because a rail is likely to be extended in this year's legislature, so there'll be more and more regress—and then if you add this on top, this order adjustment tax, you have another consumption tax. And that'll also be regressive, and we will suffer by having a fairly stiff combination of consumer, consumption, regressive taxes now. So if you believe the economic theory on this, which is the dollar will adjust by the full amount of this tax, and that the dollar will rise by 20%, and this is of course—it's actually a Martin Feldstein wrote a piece in the Wall Street Journal about this two or three days ago, and it's, in theory, correct. However, you could see where the dollar starts to rise, and all of a sudden people think it comes under threat, because the WTO or some other countries are going to retaliate. But I think for Hawaii, there's another point. If you're going to have a more expensive dollar, that's great for Hawaiians who want to travel to Asia. But think about all the tourists that come to Hawaii. Absolutely. Foreign countries would now are facing a 20% higher effective cost for getting hotel rooms, buying food on the islands, but this is actually a pretty interesting problem if you're highly dependent on foreigners to buy your services, which is why the tourist industry— Yeah, and it flies in the face of what Donald Trump was saying before, namely that he wanted to increase American exports to go overseas, because if the dollar is stronger, right, it's those exports are more expensive overseas, and that diminishes the possibility of selling those exports overseas, doesn't it? Right, but the argument on this, and this is actually a plan that's been in the works under, you know, Leader Ryan, under, you know, the House majority leader, Ryan, who has been working on this for years. And part of this is a kind of—the motivation of this is quite, I think, positive. The idea is how do you get a strict territorial tax? How do you quit getting—how do you change the gaming of American companies that want to show high costs in the U.S. and high profits in other countries when the tax rates are lower? So they're trying to level the playing field on this issue by getting to make it quite neutral. So you can bring these no longer worry about where you do your R&D, no longer worry where you take your profits, and that if you can take more of the profits here in the U.S., you will go ahead and do so, so you'll get a big revenue bump from this. So it has some positive aspects, but there might be a disparity between theory and execution. It hasn't been tried in this country before, and I think what's interesting is that, like so many other initiatives that now are under consideration, if you look at it in the silo all by itself, you know, it might have some appeal, but we don't know how it affects other things. Right. And I can tell you in Washington, the various interest groups, the retail guys, the auto guys, they're all over the map on this thing. No one can really decide where they want to be. This is true for the auto companies. You think about the oil companies. If you're a domestic producer, this thing's pretty great, you know, you'll try to, the price of oil will rise in the U.S., right? So you can, but if you're a refiner who's importing oil and then exporting it, you might not view this as so positive. Yeah. Well, if you're in Hawaii, we import $6 billion worth of fossil fuel, and imports to us would be subject to the import adjustment tax, right? The border adjustment tax. And so you would have to hope that the dollar adjustment makes it appear neutral. I think you would. That's a hope. You thought of that. Your exports, which are generally would go out of Hawaii tax-free, right? You'd get this rebate, or you'd get, you wouldn't have this tax on the exports. The interesting thing about that is a lot of your exports are consumed in Hawaii when foreigners come to buy those services, which is to stay in a hotel. Yeah. I think it's really interesting when you put it that way, Lou, because, you know, what happens is we have our $6 billion, so we add, what, 20% on top of that? That'd be that much more expensive. And we do not export anything. I mean, if we had, we ever had a manufacturing sector, that's gone for decades. And so we don't have any benefit in the export side. And to the extent we, you know, you conceptually treat us as an exporter of tourist services, the tax or the reduction of tax would not apply to that. So we pay on one side of the ledger, but we don't get benefit on the other side. So if I were the Hawaiian delegation, I would be in there talking to the House committees and saying, look, we understand that this is a way to rebalance the U.S. trade deficit. And to find a different corporate structure, but we need to have the consumption of Hawaiian tourist services by foreigners treated as an export. That would be the cutout. Yeah, no, then it would work, at least according to its original intention. I think the other thing that you mentioned that I'd like to explore for a minute is the notion that foreign income, American corporations would not be taxed on foreign income. And that troubles me because a lot of these multinationals, Exxon, for example, you remember them, Rex Tillerson's Exxon, that Exxon, has a lot of foreign income. And indeed, multinationals, which began in the U.S., are into multinational activities. And it's been four years now, many decades, it's been their modus operandi to try to push their income offshore and try to get the best tax break. But they still have to pay U.S. tax in some cases. Now this would exclude that. This would change the picture for them. And regardless of all the other provisions in this sweeping change of the tax code, they get a huge break in not having to pay taxes at any rate for offshore income. Am I right? Right. They're buying his tax now. They're worried about the debt. The proponents of this bill would argue that there would be a huge incentive for the U.S. to be the cost center for those taxes now, because the corporate rate has gone down to 20 percent. So that you would want to account for as much revenue as you can in the U.S. As a better rate than overseas. Yes. This would be the theory behind it. This is one of the motivations behind this legislation. I see. Well, you know, again, it's in a silo. That sounds pretty good, but it's untested, at least in this country or for this country and for our revenue code in general. And I really wonder, maybe you've seen some of this, whether anybody has conducted the kind of testing, you know, the kind of think tank testing on this kind of possibility so we can model what would happen to the tax structure and the economy. Yes. So there are pretty substantial efforts underway at the American Enterprise Institute. We're not really tax guys. That's a real dark art. Dark art. Thank you. But I would be shocked if someone in Hawaii who worries about the corporate structure and the nature of the economy hasn't started to look at this. It would make a lot of sense to me. We should be doing some work on it. Absolutely. Lou, that's a great idea. Thank you for that. We're going to take a short break. That's Lupu Uriisi. He is the CEO of E-Princk, which is the Energy Policy Reachers Foundation in Washington, D.C. And we join him. He joins us by Skype, and we are delighted to have him. So much so, we take a short break. We'll be right back. Hi. I'm Stephen Philip Katz. I'm the host of Shrink Rap Hawaii. We are here every Tuesday at 3 o'clock on Think Tech Hawaii, talking to and about shrinks and mental health. Please join us. Aloha, and happy New Year. It's 2017. Please keep up with me on Power Up Hawaii, where Hawaii comes together to talk about a clean and just energy future. Please join me on Tuesdays at 1 o'clock. Mahalo. Good afternoon, Howard Wiig, Code Green, ThinkTechHawaii.com. I appear on Mondays at 3 o'clock, and my gig is energy efficiency, doing more with less. It's the most cost-effective way that we in Hawaii are going to achieve 100 percent clean energy by the year 2045. I look forward to being with you. Aloha. Bingo. We're back with Lucian Fugirisi of E-prink, the Energy Policy Research Foundation in Washington. He joins us by Skype, and we're talking about changes in energy policy that are coming in this new administration yet to be inaugurated. Okay. So, we talked briefly about the tax changes and how they might affect energy and especially energy in Hawaii. But let's talk about Russia. I haven't thought so much about Russia in many years. All of a sudden, we're all thinking about Russia. We hear about Russia as much as we hear about Donald Trump. And so, can we take a minute and get a little praisey about where Russia has gone with energy loop? Yeah. So, I think that Russia has an enormous endowment of both crude oil and natural gas reserves. And its natural gas reserves are truly enormous. And during the Soviet era, it had a rather inefficient but extensive petroleum industry. It was really built under a Cold War kind of framework in which all the pipelines and all the refiners and everything were well defended and made to run the central economy. It was a real mercantile. And anything left over was export. They really didn't think about it that way. But then in about the 1974-75, we had the first Arab oil embargo. The world price of oil shot up quite high. People thought that was high from $3 to $12 a barrel. That's high. At one point, it got up to as high as $40 a barrel. And the U.S. and the European allies had enormous discussions. And one of the things we did was to encourage the Europeans to get off of OPEC oil, to not use it for industrial activities, to not use it for utilities. And the Europeans began a kind of sustained program, not for coal, but also to begin to import gas from Russia. And if you're from the Soviet Union, that kind. And if you remember, you probably don't remember, but under Jimmy Carter, the Russians invaded Afghanistan and we actually withdrew technology and equipment for the expansion of the Russian pipeline system. But the Europeans, over time, became, I wouldn't say heavily dependent, but somewhat in many cases, depending on which country you are in, you're reliant on Russian gas. The collapse of the Soviet Union, of course, oil production fell dramatically. Eventually, Russia was reconstituted in a more top-down system under Vladimir Putin. And Russian production recovered, actually. Russian oil production today is 10 million barrels a day, quite large, one of the largest producers in the world. Russia provides extensive natural gas to the European Union. And the European Union has had a, since the disruptions in the Ukraine, the European Union has had an active program to try to lessen its dependence on Russian gas. But you know, what interests me is that there was a time, and my recollection is imperfect, but there was a time when Russia was using the supply of gas as a geopolitical weapon. And if they didn't like something that was happening, they turned it off. And then Western Europe, you know, had to come to the table. But lately, even with Ukraine, Russia hasn't done that, have they? No, and I think, look, if you think about this in terms of a kind of bilateral high-risk scenario, if you're Russia, that's a very risky, you know, you have this large natural gas asset. And in many ways, the resurgence of the American shale gas revolution has substantially obliterated the value of that asset. I mean, gas prices, until just very recently with the cold sort of polar vortex taking place in Asia and Europe have been very low, including internationally traded gas prices. And so the Europeans have also had an active program on renewables, which has resulted in them in using a lot more coal. It's a kind of funny system, you know, because the system isn't executed that well. And so I would say the dependence issue from the perspective of the Russians are, look, the real problem was that we only had one outlet to get that gas to Europe, and that was through Ukraine. And the Ukrainians stiffed us. So we, and I think for the Russians, it was a big mistake. We said, we're telling Ukrainians, look, you can't have the gas, we're good. You have to keep pushing this gas through Europe. But your gas, you can't have that. And the Ukrainians said, fine, we're just not passing any of that gas to Europe. We'll just use it, probably. Now, there's different views on what the Russians did and the Ukrainians did in this case. And in fact, and as a result, the Russians have had a very active program to do two things. I mean, the Russians have tried to build pipelines outside Ukraine. So you have the Nord Stream, South Stream. You have an active program to bypass the Ukraine. And then you have an active sort of diplomatic initiative on the part of the United States to encourage the Europeans to diversify their gas accounts, including getting access to US That's good business, isn't it? It can be a good business. And I think that as we discussed, we're going to see some major initiatives to expand LNG, particularly in the Pacific. And LNG would come largely from what, the US? So I think the Gulf Coast of the US is going to be the biggest. Lots of shipments have made it to the European Union, from where we've only begun to export LNG from the US in the last year. I mean, we used to have small volumes from Alaska and then from the Kenai Peninsula many years ago. And just last week, the first shipment of US LNG made its way to Japan. Very interesting. So can LNG from the Gulf or parts of America, can that be at a lesser price than the gas that Russia would deliver through gas from these pipes across the border? Yeah, so it's very tough to beat the Russians on price because they have the built-in infrastructure and the main gas reserves feeding the European continent are pretty low-cost. Now, you can. So I think the US policy of the Europeans has been, look, this dependence of Europe is very uneven. Countries like Bulgaria and some of the Baltics are highly dependent. Germany, other countries, much less dependent. And what we should do is encourage the Europeans to have better interconnection, more storage, and a more open and competitive market. And the Europeans as well have been going after gas prom in recent years as a kind of monopolist. And so they've made them diversify some of their holdings. Well, that's good. That's healthy. I think if Europe is dependent on the Russians these days, the Russians are very, what do I say, strategic. And Europe could be sorry if they rely on them in this particular environment. Yeah, and it's an ongoing. And in many cases, the Europeans are not undertaking the things they need to do to be more resilient. Well, let's move to Mr. Trump. So he's got Rex Tillerson. Rex Tillerson received the Friend of Russia Award from Mr. Putin not too long ago. He's involved in fuel and energy in Russia. He's participated in partnerships with the Russian government, probably in fossil fuel. I don't know about gas. Maybe you do. But it would seem to me that part of what's at stake here is the relationship of Exxon and Russia. And maybe Trump and Putin and Tillerson all together now. What's happening here? Are we involved somehow in energy in Russia? Yeah, so Rex Tillerson was actually in the chair all day to day in front of the Foreign Affairs Committee in the Senate. And I think he spent at least 10 hours. I think they let him go to the bathroom by that halfway through, but he was there for about 10 hours. That's because they like him so much. And there was a huge discussion on sanctions. Because as you know, after the acquisition, shall we say, of Crimea by the Russians and then the sort of incursions within eastern Ukraine, that the U.S. placed a lot of energy sanctions on Russia. And but those sanctions were really on future development and technology. And the Exxon position actually is quite interesting in Russia. It was drilling a very expensive and arctic well, which Tillerson got grilled. But I think his position on that was, look, we went into the State Department when the sanctions had moved. We can't pull out from this well until it's done because it's unsafe. If we left and we left it for the Russians, that would be very dangerous. We don't want to do that. And I think one of the interesting things about Exxon's operations in Russia is they're one of the few that really didn't get beat up very bad financially. And one of that is they're pretty good at negotiating deals. So what do you think? One final question here before we go, and that is given this relationship between Tillerson and maybe Trump, but depending on how accurate those memorandas are of his involvement in Russia and what they might have on him, you think he's going to lift the sanctions or let him stay in place? No, I think actually, I don't know what's just going to happen on the sanctions. We could talk about that. But Tillerson made it quite clear. And actually, I've met him several times. I know him. You know, he's a leader of the Boy Scouts. I think he was an Eagle Scout. He severed his ties completely from Exxon. And as he said, all the reasons for me not to take this job are selfish, right? I mean, the guy's got $400 million. He could lie on the beach. I don't think it'd be a big problem. And so I don't think the notion that he's taking this job to enrich himself, I think that's just a bunch of hope. OK, we're going to have to see. I hope we can come back to this next time, Lou. This is very interesting stuff. Next time we can look back at this hearing and see how it worked out. That's a good report. Thank you, Lou Fudirisi, the president of the Energy Policy Research Foundation. Aloha. Till next time.

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Cantilever Beam: Shear and Moment Diagrams

This video was created for classes in the department of Engineering and Computer Science at NCSSM. NCSSM, a publicly funded high school in North Carolina, provides exciting, high-level STEM learning opportunities. If you appreciate this video, please consider making a tax-deductible donation to the NCSSM Foundation. Thank you! https://www.ncssm.edu/donate Please attribute this work as being created by the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics. This work is licensed under creative commons CC-BY-NC-SA http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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So there are two typical beam supports. There are simple supports where we have the beam and it is supported by a pin on one side and a roller on the other side, which corresponds to two reaction forces in the x and y direction on the pin and one reaction force in the y direction on the roller. Another very regular type of beam support is the cantilever beam. In this case, we presume that the beam is unsupported, completely unsupported on one side and supported by what we call a fixed support on the other side. And in this case, the fixed support actually maintains three reactions, a reaction in the x direction and a reaction in the y direction. And then also, it must maintain some sort of moment in about the point where the beam is affixed to the wall. So we have three reactions in both cases. We have three unknowns. In this case, there are three forces, two in the vertical direction and one in the horizontal direction that are unknown. And in the second case, we have three unknowns, but two of them are reactions, x and y, and one of them is a moment. So in a previous video, we had an opportunity to consider what happened when we loaded a simply supported beam. Let's consider what's going to happen to our internal forces when we load a cantilever beam. So let me put a little bit more data on this cantilever beam. Let's call this point in the far left point A. We'll call the point on the far right, well, the point, the application point, we'll call point B. And the point in the far right, we'll call point C. We'll assume that the application point is some distance d away from the wall and that the beam itself as an entire length represented by small l. So we have two distances that are important here. The distance that's the length of the entire beam and then the distance of the application of the force. And we'll go ahead and give this force a magnitude F. Well, when we're working with something like this, let's consider our equilibrium equations. Equilibrium equations and something like this are fairly straightforward. If this is the only loading, load F. We can, first of all, do our sum of forces in the x direction. And we'll notice that the reaction at x is the only thing in the x direction. And so that must be 0. It must not have any magnitude. If we do our sum of forces in the y direction, we can see that the reaction at point A, reaction y at point A, maybe I should call it Ay, officially. This would be Ax, although it's unimportant. And the applied force in the downward direction must sum to 0. And that simplifies algebraically that we know that the reaction force must be equal in magnitude to the applied force. So that solution is relatively simple. And finally, we can take the sum of moments around some point. And this is most simply done by taking them around point A, the point at which the reaction moment is being applied. And we know the sum of those forces is going to be equal to the moment that we have applied here, which appears to be in a clockwise direction. But it must be opposed. Well, in this case, it says opposed. But it must be opposed by FD, the force that's being applied and the moment arm of that force. But notice that's in the same direction, the same clockwise direction. So if we sum those up and set them equal to 0 and then solve for the moment, we find that the moment must be equal to negative FD. In other words, it must be going in a counterclockwise direction, although we defined the initial arrow and drew the initial arrow in a clockwise direction. Well, now that we've solved for our various reactions, let's take a look at what the internal forces look like on this cantilever beam. So let's consider a slice through the beam. Our first slice will be to the left of the applied force. Left of applied force. And if we look at that, here's our slice here. First of all, let's consider what happens with the reactions. Well, let's apply the reactions. We have, first of all, this moment that we know is negative FD. So it's actually going in the other direction, but we'll keep the sign conventions we adopted at the beginning. And we also notice that we have a reaction force y that's equal to F. Well, if we consider the reactions, the internal reactions that must be happening on that face, we see we must have a vertical point here, a shear value that has to be equal to R of y, or actually has to be equal to F in this particular case. Because the reaction force, we know that R y minus v has to be equal to 0, so those two values must be equal. So we know what our shear has to be at that point. Now let's ask about our bending moment. Well, to consider our bending moment, first of all, we need to think about what our convention is for bending moments. And if you remember, the convention for bending moment said that a bending moment in this direction would be considered to be positive bending moment. If you remember, we were thinking about if we have an internal moment of that direction, that will create a tension on the bottom, which is the positive value for bending moment. Well, now we need to consider how to balance the moments in this case. We have our reaction moment here, or our bending moment. Let's call that mb for the time being. And we need to balance our moments. Well, now we need to select a point around which to balance the moments. I'm going to go ahead and select the point to be here at this point m, or at this point a. And we see that, first of all, we have a clockwise but negative moment. We have a clockwise m. We have a counterclockwise mb. And then we also have our shear being applied over whatever distance here. And this distance ends up being some distance x, because we don't know where we've made our cut, minus x. And we know the sum of all those moments has to be equal to 0. Well, let's plug in what we know. We know that the moment here is negative fd. We defined it as positive. We kept it as clockwise here, but we know that it has a negative value, that it's actually acting in a counterclockwise fashion. And if we solve this, if we replace this m with negative fd and we solve, we find out that our internal moment must be equal to, let's move that over to this side of the equation, negative fd minus v times x. Let's make sure we actually have that in the correct direction. Nope, we do not have that in the correct direction. Notice that the v, as we defined, was actually in our positive direction, in our clockwise direction. And so that ends up being positive in this location. So now that we've calculated the reaction forces, let's go ahead and consider what our shear and our moment diagram look like along the length of the beam, or at least along this left-hand side of the beam. Let's begin with the shear diagram. I'll draw the length of the beam. And if I remember, we know that there was a reaction force applied here at the far left side. And there was an equal applied force out at distance d. And we know that across that entire length, we had a shear that stayed the same. It did not have a dependency upon our position x. And it has a value of f, equivalent to the magnitude of the applied force. So in this case, our shear across this entire segment is positive f. And notice that corresponds with the application on the left-hand side of a force f, maintaining that same shear all the way through, and then dropping down with the application of the applied load back down to a value of 0. Well, while we're here, let's think about what actually happens on the rest of the beam to the right. If you think about a little segment cut out of the rest of the beam, that little segment, if we slice it off and we apply our internal forces, we notice that those internal forces balance with nothing. There are no applied loads on this little end section. And therefore, the values of all the internal reactions must be equal to 0. So our shear for the remainder of the beam stays at a value of 0. And our shear diagram jumps up to the value of f, stays constant, jumps down to a value of 0, and stays constant there. Now let's look at our moment diagram. In the case of the moment diagram, we have one place where we know the moment, what the moment must be. At that very far left, there is an applied reaction moment. And that applied reaction moment has a particular value, negative fd. So in order for us to, so the value at that far point is a moment of negative fd. Well, if I look at the moment equation we created earlier, let's bring that information down here. We recognize that the moment at any point x, the bending moment, is equal to negative fd, which we see we have here, plus v. And we know that it's v is equal to the force fx. So notice when x is equal to 0, then the value is indeed negative fd, which is what we've plotted here. How does that value change? Well, if we look, when x takes the value of d, when we get to the point where the load is being applied, if x equals d, then we get a moment of negative fd plus positive fd, or a moment value of 0. So our internal moment at the place where the force is applied is a value of 0. So now we have two points on our moment diagram. And we notice that this equation, the moment depends on x in a linear value. The slope of the line is f. So I can create the rest of the curve by drawing a direct line between these two points, recognizing that everywhere here is below the 0 point. Usually we establish 0 where the beam is. And so we have a negative moment that gets decreasingly large until it becomes 0 at the point where the load is applied. And in the same way that the shear is 0, there is also no internal moment for the remaining part of the beam. So now we've created the entire moment diagram. Notice our convention for negative moment is going to be tension on the top of the beam, which makes sense if you think about this beam perhaps as something like a diving board or if we're hanging something from it, it's going to tend to stretch the top and compress the bottom. And that's what a negative internal moment indicates. One other thing to recognize is, again, that the slope of the moment diagram is equal to the magnitude of the shear. Notice that is even true for this end here, where the slope is 0 corresponding to a shear of 0.

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Health and Sport Committee - 24 April 2018

1. Declaration of interests: Kate Forbes will be invited to declare any relevant interests. 2. Subordinate legislation: The Committee will consider the following negative instrument— The National Health Service (General Medical Services Contracts and Primary Medical Services Section 17C Agreements) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2018 (SSI 2018/94) 3. Scrutiny of NHS Boards - NHS Lothian: The Committee will take evidence from- Brian Houston, Chairman, Jim Crombie, Deputy Chief Executive, Susan Goldsmith, Director of Finance, Alex McMahon, Nurse Director, Jacquie Campbell, Chief Officer, Acute Services, and David Small, Chief Officer, East Lothian Integration Joint Board, NHS Lothian. 4. Scrutiny of NHS Boards - NHS Lothian (in private): The Committee will consider the evidence heard earlier in the session. 5. Scottish Government Suicide Prevention Strategy (in private): The Committee will consider its approach. 6. Preventative Agenda (in private): The Committee will consider a draft letter to the Scottish Government on neurological conditions. Published by the Scottish Parliament Corporate Body. www.parliament.scot // We do not facilitate discussions on our YouTube page but encourage you to share and comment on our videos on your own channels. // If you would like to join in our conversations please follow @ScotParl on Twitter or like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/scottishparliament

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Welcome to the 13th meeting of the Health and Sport Committee of 2018. We have received apologies from Alec Cole-Hamilton and Sandra White. Can I ask everyone in the room please to ensure that your mobile phones are on silent and that if you are using electronic devices for other purposes please do not use them for recording or photography. The first item on our agenda is a declaration of interest and in welcoming Kate Forbes as our most recent recruit. I would also wish to place on record my thanks to Jenny Gullruth for her service on this committee. In accordance with section 3 of the code of conduct, I invite Kate Forbes to declare any interest relevant to the remit of the committee. Thank you, convener, and I have no relevant interests. Thank you very much and welcome formally to the committee and your first meeting The main item of business for us today is the scrutiny of NHS Lothian, but before we reach that point, just one other item that has to be dealt with, which is the subordinate legislation, we have one negative instrument before us, the national health service, general medical services contracts and primary medical services, section 17c agreements, Scotland amendment regulations 2018. There has been no motion to annul. However, the Delegated Persian Law Reform Committee has agreed to draw the attention of Parliament to the instrument on the grounds that it breaches the 28-day rule requiring instruments to be in place 28 days before they come into force. These regulations are intended to make various corrections to rectify errors in relation to two previous instruments that we considered in this committee, and it is for this reason that it breaches the 28-day rule. The view of the Delegated Persian Law Reform Committee is therefore that the failure to comply with the rule is acceptable in this instance. Are there comments from members on this instrument? If there are not, are we agreed to make no recommendations on this instrument? Thank you very much. That is agreed. We move on to hear from NHS Lothian. I welcome to the committee Brian Huston, chairman of the board. Jim Cromby, deputy chief executive, Alex McMahon, nurse director, Jackie Campbell, chief officer for acute services, Susan Goldsmith, director of finance and David Small, chief officer of East Lothian integration joint board. I understand Mr Huston that you wish to make an opening statement. Thank you very much and thank you for allowing us the opportunity. Can I just make one minor correction? You introduced Jim Cromby as the deputy chief executive. Jim is also currently acting chief executive, and many of you will know Tim Davidson, who unfortunately is on extended medical leave at the moment. So, just to make that clear. Thank you again, convener. I am not going to reiterate a lot of the long list of descriptive material that you have in the briefing pack, but I would just like to, by way of scene setting, I suppose, to touch briefly on a number of what we think the major challenges are. Those are probably self-evident to everybody by now, but nevertheless they are the things that override and influence the work of our board and indeed the day-to-day operations of the chief executive and his team. They are the obvious ones of the population growth trends that we face, the demographic changes within that, particularly the aging of the population, the rising in demand for acute services that that entails and the increasing incidents of multiple health conditions, multi morbidities, if you like, impacting on the complexity of care that we are required to provide, and all of that, of course, is set against the need to achieve financial balance. In the briefing pack, we have also listed examples of the progress that we have made in a number of areas, and I am not going to reiterate at least all of those, but it contains certainly the actions that we are taking against the outcome from the last annual review, particularly, and for the first time, of course, it contains information about the recently introduced regional health and social care planning process and how we are engaging with that. It talks, I think, significantly, given the number of the challenges that we face around primary care. It gives examples of what we are trying and testing and developing in terms of new models of primary care and primary care access, and it also contains, of course, examples of the hardware, the capital projects and where we are with commitments on those. The other comments that I would like to make, by contextualising what I hope that we are going to talk about today, is from a governance point of view, from the board's point of view, I think that it is perhaps important just to give a bit of a flavour of where the non-exec particularly board members see things in terms of NHS Lothian and its development and progress at the moment. I sort of summarise it by saying that we are moving increasingly into an era of risk management that we are facing, as I have indicated in the challenges, we are facing what Tim Davison would call the great conundrum. The great conundrum is about how we go about balancing performance management in terms of how we balance the protection, the sustainability of standards of patient care and quality and optimising things like access to services, balancing that with the need to achieve financial balance, also balancing it with the need to support a shift in the balance of care from acute services into community settings and undertaking the resource and funding transfers, which that implies, from acute to community services. That is the conundrum, if you like, the balance between those two, if not three factors and extending that further into our requirement and indeed our stated strategic objective to move up the supply chain a bit, to push ourselves back from treatment into the prevention and the inequalities agendas, which we all recognise are really the keys to sustainable long-term transformation of the way that we provide service. Because of that conundrum and the requirement to balance those issues, I think that we as a board find ourselves increasingly wrestling with what does that mean in terms of how we manage our risk profile, to what extent are we prepared to accept levels of performance in terms of capacity and access targets in order to protect a reasonable financial balance. To date, my board would agree that the levels of assurance that we have sought against the way that the executive is going about making that balance and optimising those competing, in some cases conflicting factors, is good. It is adequate, it is satisfactory, and we are happy that all the necessary stones are being turned over to optimise that balance. On the other hand, we do wrestle, if not struggle with, the judgmental requirement to take a view that says, for example, if our outpatient waiting list is going up from 5,000 to 20,000 over an extended period of time, then at what point, despite all the measures that we are taking to minimise risk within those waiting lists by prioritising patients and indeed other measures to do with access, at what point do we reach a level where simply as a quantum that total figure of waiting list becomes a level of risk inherent in that quantum, that we have to take different actions about, in other words perhaps putting at more risk our efforts to achieve financial balance. I merely sort of paint these briefs, as I say, that Tim's word, the conundrum, because increasingly from a governance point of view, those are the issues that we're wrestling with and trying to balance. I hope that's given you some kind of an oversight of where we see things and where we're at. In terms of responding to questions, I'm quite happy to feel these but to delegate these probably as the right word to my executive colleagues who will have more of the detail. Thank you. Thank you very much. That's a very helpful setting the scene and we will indeed have questions on pretty much all the matters to which you've referred. We had a witness on a different inquiry the other week who talked about the difficulty of delivering a preventive and health inequalities agenda because the department making the saving might not be the department that then had additional budget to spend. Is that something that you recognise as part of the conundrum that you've described and if you do, what do you do about it? Well I think it is and I think one of the difficulties in terms of the accountability of a health board is perhaps that you know health economics, let's call it, comes into play at this point and health economics of course has wider parameters than simply the accountability of the health board and therefore presenting as it were the business case which we would do in areas that are directly within our remit, presenting the business case that says we need to invest further in the prevention and the wider inequalities agenda within that. It's something of course that we can only seek to influence and not directly control. I don't know Susan Jim. I think one of the things that we are recognising is that we are going to have to take a risk so increasingly we are for example in the region we are prioritising investment into diabetes, the prevention of diabetes that is going to be a major strategic priority for us. We don't necessarily have a funding source but we have committed to as three boards is that we will put money into that so and it's the same you know in primary care where again the board is taking a risk because we think we want to support shifting the balance of care and so we may not necessarily be able up front to identify funding so we take a increasingly take a risk so just reflecting what the chairman said is that we're that's our focus is that is the risk worth you know taking that investment and we think it is. And what is that risk? What is the risk that you're contributing to? The risk is of not achieving financial balance and the risk obviously is if we don't invest then we will not you know we will not be able to sustain services going forward because the thing that is so significant is the upward trajectory and demand. Jim did you want to add anything? So I would just build on what Susan said that one of the prime examples of a transfer of resource from acute primary care is the shift of service out of acute hospitals to be prided in primary care and there's a view that to do that we create the services within primary care and we close beds and acute and the funding from acute transfers over and it pays. There's an issue of bridging that because often we can't establish a full service right away so we have to develop the service and in the interim we have to maintain the bed base and there's always that challenge and should we be a board that decided not to move forward unless funding was directly available there would be stasis and we wouldn't be able to move on that but I think the ambition that's been characterised by Susan details that we are willing to say that looks like a robust model of care we're going to invest in that and we'll use funding we'll identify funding that we'll use whilst maintaining the bed base with a view that once that's proven to deliver we can transfer the resource across. It's part of the order in which you do things. Exactly so. Miles Briggs. Thank you convener and good morning to the panel. In recent weeks we've heard about concerns with regards to the Endowment Fund and NHS Tayside so I wanted to see if the panel could give us a reassurance that in terms of NHS Lothian, endowment funds have been spent in a way which would be of the donor's expectation, specifically not on medical or surgical kit. Okay, also with a second hat as chairman of the trustees of the foundation, I think we can give that assurance but I'll pass to Susan, put me just to elaborate why that's the case. Within Lothian we have a very separate system of governance around our endowment funds. We refer to the endowment fund as our foundation so we have a separate charter, separate scheme of delegation, standing financial instructions, all our board members are inducted as trustees as well as board members and we have clear criteria against which any submission or application for funding comes forward against which the trustees prioritise funding. I have to say that the use of funds for medical equipment is entirely legitimate. The aims of the foundation and of the NHS are the same and our trustees recognise that we should not be using endowment funding for what we would see as core NHS business but there are occasions clearly when we will decide to invest in medical equipment and certainly some of the funds that are left to us are specifically for equipment, so I'm very confident that we have a robust system of governance around our endowment funds. I wanted to move on to GP services because one of the issues that, over the past two years since I was elected as a MSP for Lothian, has been what can only be described as a crisis within general practice. I don't have time to list the number of pressures in NHS Lothian and potential closures that we are already seeing. Where do you think that that can really be tackled and what sort of support do you think the Scottish Government should be providing you to enable that to happen, given what you've said already about the changing population, the growing population here in Lothian? I think that there's an awful lot happening currently in the planning phase or the early implementation phases in terms of changes to the whole scheme of general practice, including the recruitment and sourcing aspects of it, but I think that I'll pass to David initially to give us some more detail on that. I think that the agreement that the Scottish Government has reached with the BMA on the new contract is a landmark. The principle of the GP becoming an expert medical generalist and moving away from, over time, having to manage the whole team and the responsibility of premises is a landmark change. It's really important that the BMA and the Scottish Government health boards and the IJBs agreed in principle on the memorandum of understanding around that. It sets the scene for the next three years of change. In terms of the detail, there's a lot of detail in the contract, obviously, but there are several key points. The increase in funding for primary care is important and there's two tranches to that. There's the increased income for practices this year and there's increased funding to health boards and health and social care partnerships to implement the various stages of the contract. There probably are two or three highlights to pick out. One is how health and social care partnerships will meet same-day demand in primary care, but that, I mean, you've fallen your practice, you'd feel you need to be seen that day. It's not always possible to get an appointment with the GP. Part of the contract is about setting up new systems to allow people to be seen the same day by a range of professionals, not always necessarily a GP but a GP if necessary, to allow GPs to focus more on that expert medical generalist role. The transfer of vaccinations from GP responsibility to health board responsibilities is another key component, community treatment arrangements for things like taking blood or removing stitches and the transfer of premises responsibility from practices to health boards over time. It's a long-term programme, as people will be aware, no doubt, but those are key components of the transformation of primary care that we'll see over the next few years. The lead role for health and social care partnerships in terms of developing improvement plans is also really important because that will be done locally with local GP practices and local stakeholders as part of the integration joint boards responsibilities. I guess that we'd also be keen to demonstrate some of the work that we've already done. You characterise a situation of a service under du reste and I would concur with that. Often it's not just about new money and I think it's part of our role as a board to ensure that that which we already have we use most efficiently. In engagement with general practitioners and primary care teams, we've established a number of initiatives to just test different models of care. We've got examples where we're deploying Scottish Ambulance Service paramedics into practices to help triage and support the practice. We're identifying mental health practitioners, psychiatric nurses that are being allocated to practices again to take a burden away. We have pretty advanced in our use of community pharmacy to support GP practices and we're seeing positive feedback from the practices around the support and relief that that offers. So there's a number of areas that we are engaged with already that I think will form a construct for using this new money and supporting primary care. My question really was pointing towards what has gone so drastically wrong that we're not able to recruit people to Lothian. I've spoken to many medics who tell me that back in the day people would be queuing up to come and work in NHS Lothian in our GP surgeries and really where we're at now with the number of locums being used and actually an unsustainable service developing. How have we reached that stage and how do we come back from that apart from what you're saying is having to rely more and more on multidisciplinary teams? I guess the future is going to be a multidisciplinary primary care team. That's the future. What has driven that? Well, a reduction in individuals wishing or choosing to work in general practice. Equally there's a balance that's occurring now with general practitioners who are very clear that there's a work-life balance that they want to establish and the concept of partnership is not one that is as attractive as it used to be. So the workforce ambition, the workforce culture is changing and I think it's incumbent on us to recognise that and to support practices to ensure that services to patients whilst being provided by a multidisciplinary team offer the access that David spoke about, offer the outcomes and offer an assurance that people have been given for properly. Can I just pull Alex in here if you wanted to add? It's just building on what Jim had given by way of initial response so I think it is a multidisciplinary approach. We often talk about general practice and that refers to GPs when there are multiple other pharmacists and paramedics and nurses. Particularly from a nursing perspective we are now training a number at advanced practice, which means that they can do a lot of the assessment, the diagnosis, the treatment themselves. We're going through approaches just now of upskilling our general practice nurses once we work in practice so that they can do more around long-term conditions and indeed looking towards district nursing as well. I think that we can't be dependent on one professional group. We've got to look at them all. I'd just like to understand if you believe that difficulty-filling posts and a lack of supply doctors fundamentally begins with a lack of training places. If you're saying that more people are attracted to a better work-life balance and that being a partner isn't as attractive as it once was, are the 898 places that were available in 2017 sufficient or do we need to be ramping that number up? There are a number of issues around that. The attrition of trainees is a major issue that we need to look at. In training we need to assure that the concept of primary care is attractive to people and the training programmes need to reflect more opportunities to understand what is available in primary care. I seriously believe that we should not focus all of our attention on general practitioners. I think that the future, sustainable future, is predicated on a multidisciplinary approach. Although we might see an increase in trainees as being the answer, that needs to be balanced against the availability of other practitioners who would offer as good if not better a service to the practice population. I really do believe that that is a multidisciplinary future. Building on those questions, NHS Lothian should be in a relatively strong position to recruit and retain staff. I speak as a rural MSP in particular in terms of your location, but there are high vacancy rates among a number of medical specialties, particularly urology and dermatology. How do you explain those vacancy rates? I concur with your comments. NHS Lothian is in a very good position in terms of its ability to attract clinicians. You characterise a couple of examples where we are having difficulty. There are a small number of specialties where we are having difficulty attracting individuals. I think that, from a positive point of view, for the vast majority of specialties, we continue to maintain a positive recruitment model, but for certain areas such as urology—perfect example. If you looked at the situation for urology UK-wide, you would see that there are more posts available than there are consultants ready. Graduating consultants, doctors completing their training and being ready for consultant posts now have an opportunity to think of different posts. While we might assume that NHS Lothian is an attractive proposition, people are choosing district general appointments and people are choosing to return to the areas where they have come from in terms of their home towns. It is a complex environment. What are you doing to attract to those posts to be more competitive than other places? I think that we have an elegant and detailed understanding of what the demands are. We will continue to use urology if that is okay. We are identifying technology and innovation that will support the workforce to continue to provide a service. We currently have a small number of clinicians who have clinical expertise in prostatectomy. We identified that as a major demand stream. We projected forward and saw that as a major demand stream. We looked at technology that was available to support that individual consultant. We were lucky enough to be chosen to deploy the new urology robot. That has provided an environment where, for an individual consultant, that gives a bit of resilience and support. In terms of attracting new consultants to that area, that is a perfect example of the type of thing that we are doing. We look with the other clinicians at job planning, because work-life balance continues to be a theme that we have to evidence opportunity in our recruitment process. It is a combination of a number of things. Are you currently looking ahead in terms of the future for potential pressures in other medical specialties? In our submission, we talked through our workforce planning. That has become more comprehensive as we have engaged with our regional partners in Fife and Borders. We have identified a number of specialties where we believe that there will be pressures out there. That comes from twofold. The current workforce profile—those clinicians who are at a point where they are within five years of retirement, so we are identifying that in terms of a resilience issue. We are looking at the demand profile at a subspecialty level around what is coming into the organisation and the availability of trainees to understand whether there will be consultants. It has been more comprehensive around our agenda, looking forward around things such as the elective centres, where we are trying to identify opportunities to deal better with the demand. Jackie might talk about our process in that later on. However, where we have looked ahead, we see real pressures in some of the specialties now. We have talked about urology. Radiology is an issue, and aesthetics is an issue. Very often, it is a subspecialty that drives that real subspecialty and specialism in recruiting. Urology is a classical example, and Jim has described that at the moment we have a single-handed operator in relation to the robotic prostatectomy. Although we have not been able to recruit a substantive post there, we have been successful in getting a two-year locum to come in and join that team, so that will have a really positive impact there for urology. We have also just recently been able to recruit a consultant that will focus on some of our cancer pathways in relation to urology. It is very often that subspecialist area that we find as we are looking forward that we may have recruitment difficulties. Part of our response is similar to my response on primary care. We are identifying that the solution specialty level is not just consultant-based. It is an opportunity, as Alex Spolkov, to develop advanced nurse practitioners, to look at the role of the EHPs, to look at primary care in a different way in terms of maintaining people. It really is a whole system process to try and ensure our ability to deal with the pressures that we have seen coming. Thank you very much, Brian Whittle. What I wanted to do is explore workforce planning. It is not just about recruitment, it is about retention of staff and the increasing pressures of the environment in which they work. We are looking perhaps at what we are doing at the colegensant of the health of our healthcare professionals. That speaks to a continuity of care, and it speaks to absenteeism as well. I wondered what your thoughts are around the environment in which our healthcare professionals are currently working and what you are doing to try to create that environment that allows retention and that allows recruitment. I guess that the first thing is to really understand from the individual's point of view how they are feeling. iMatters is a perfect tool that we use to just understand elements of workforce feedback. Some of that raises issues around the pressure that people are under. Part of our process—I go back to it—is incumbent on us not just to seek new investments and new funding, but to ensure that we are using the funding that we have appropriately. Some of that can see the development of additional admin and clerical resources to reduce consultant time spent on admin work, allowing them time to deal with the clinical work, identifying other clinical staff—whether it be advanced nurse practitioners or others—to reduce the demand on individual people. Our occupational health service is a key support to us. Where we identify individuals, we can offer them rapid access to occupational health. We are cognisant in our workforce plan of the age of our workforce. Similarly to the dimensions and the demographic changes that we are seeing in the population, we are seeing that in our own workforce. There is a recognition that we are seeing an ageing workforce. Some of the other issues that we look at—the more acute specialties—is there an opportunity to take the older members of our team off things like on-call to try to reduce the pressure and strain on individuals. I think that there are a number of opportunities to be able to do that. I wonder whether you will just walk wide in and bring Alex in on the nursing dimension. I will build on what Jim has said. There are also interventions such as mindfulness and yoga and exercise that people might dismiss, but the feedback that we have had from staff during their lunch break is that having a 20 or 30-minute session such as that is a positive experience for them and gives them a bit of resilience. Resilience is the theme at the moment, in terms of how we make our workforce resilient for the current environment and for the future environment. One of the things that we have done alongside what Jim has said is to talk about what the career progression is that people can achieve from bands 2 when people just come into the profession at a relatively low level. The opportunities to move right through the bands, through education and training development that we can offer them. We are looking at them as an individual in that kind of career, but also from a wellbeing perspective. The other thing that we are doing is about wellbeing itself. How do we provide staff with the opportunities to get nutritional food, not just to carbohydrate the crisps, the snacks that they get sometimes? It is about fruit and veg and I know that sounds simplistic, but when you are working in a really pressurised environment like in a cute ward, actually making sure that you get a good diet and actually fluids into you, you know, drinking plenty of fluids is really important, so constantly reinforcing those messages is about wellbeing as well. Sorry, can I just add a little further on to that as well? We do actively support flexible working hours to support individuals and depending on their sort of personal circumstances, so we do that. The other thing that I think is really important building on Alex's points there just now about wellbeing, we do have healthy working lives awards and a couple of our sites are sitting with gold awards there. That is where we actively encourage and support staff around exercise as well as the dietary elements that Alex discussed there just now. One of the things that is really important, one of the things that we do, is that we say thank you to our staff, so we look at teams of the month awards, we look at recognising what staff actually do on a day-to-day basis and actually take that opportunity to formally thank staff. I think that all adds to the sort of environment of supportiveness for our staff. If I may, convener, I think that I find that of all the people in here, I will not dismiss the importance of nutrition and being physically active around the wellbeing and encouraging that into, encouraging that environment in our healthcare professionals. I think that we know from a nursing perspective, from a midwifery perspective that the health of our healthcare professionals falls below that of the national average. On a cause of submission, we did state that our healthcare professionals prepared to almost sacrifice their own health to look after that of others. I would be interested that there is a high absenteeism rate within the healthcare profession in many disciplines. I was wondering whether, if this is being introduced within Lothian, do you have any sort of numbers, figures that would tell us that it is being effective? I would probably say the answer to that around the nutritional bit, no, at this point. We have started a piece of work that falls on from the work that the chief nursing officer for Scotland has been leading on around physical and mental wellbeing. There has been research evidence published from the university, Napier University, here in Lothian that would tell you that nurses are more overweight than other healthcare professionals. From that point of view, it is about how we use that evidence to support those colleagues to get physically fitter and psychologically stronger. Some of that is about access to nutrition, some of that is about access to exercise, for example. Some of that is also about the working patterns that we want to look at, which is about working 12-hour days. Actually, they have a detrimental effect because you get up to go to work around six o'clock and you might not get home until a bit of living, then you are getting back up again to come to work. Now, they do that for three days, but then they are off for four. The evidence that we have said takes a couple of days to recover from those shift patterns. Again, one of the things that I want to do with other colleagues is to look at whether or not those shift patterns are the right shift patterns or whether or not we can move to something that is a bit more flexible, but also meets the needs of the wards, the teams, for example. Having less long days gives you the chance to go home, cook a meal properly, not just grab a snack and spend time with your family. From a family friend's point of view, I think that that is something that we need to pick up and do more around. Good morning, everybody. It is just a quick sup about other roles that nurses can do. I am a former theatre nurse who worked in California. Jim Cromby mentioned allied health professionals. Jackie, you mentioned anaesthesia as a vacancy issue. In my previous role, we had nurse and anesthetists and physicians assistants. Are we looking at developing nursing roles for nurse consultants in respiratory or urology or things like that? I will contextualise this a wee bit and then I will ask Professor Mike Manhattan to come in. The answer to that is yes. We are exploring a number of opportunities. An example that we might cite is around theatre nursing. It is one of the areas from a nursing point of view, if we look across the spectrum of nursing vacancies, where we do have a problem recruiting. We have identified the role of, essentially, scrub techs. They are individuals who can be trained up and become part of the scrub team and actually take the first place at the table with a patient and a consultant. We took the model from some ideas from the United States, but equally down south and in other areas, those posts have been developed. We have recruited from our own theatre teams. Care workers are working within theatre. We started a pilot study where we trained, I think that it was four initially, to see if that would work. Obviously, you will know that being a theatre nurse, there is a real important relationship between the scrub nurse, scrub tech and the consultant. We were keen to just test if that would work, overwhelmingly positive. We have rolled that out across our whole area. Is there a national issue on ODPs? Alex, you could have done that. Firstly, if you are still in the register, I could give you a job. From that point of view, please do apply later on. Jim has identified that at a national level there was a training programme that Glasgow Caledonian University used to run. It no longer runs it for operating department practitioners. They very much support the running of the theatre. We took the lead in loading to try and reconstitute that programme. It is currently out to tender. We have done that on a national basis rather than a regional basis. Again, that is one. The other area is that we are a high user of agencies. It is one of the small areas where we are still dependent on nursing agency uses for critical care and theatre. Again, we are looking at a regional bank. Used to we can actually make sure that the nurses we have got work in our areas, so we are trying to grow them. That is alongside a training programme. Theatres is definitely an area where, as Jim said, you scrub nurses and take nurse practitioners advanced roles, theatre technicians, etc. It is looking at everything from months four right through to seven and beyond. Jim mentioned advanced nurse practitioner training in primary care. It is not quite the same as nurse consultants, but we have a vision for the future of a strong cohort of nurse practitioners working in primary care, partly as part of the implementation of the new GP contract to create that workforce. We have already got some examples of them working in care homes in roles that GPs would have previously performed and managing a same-day access service in Musilbar, where nurse practitioners are the core of that service. We also use them in GP out-of-hours because of the difficulty that we have had with recruitment of GPs, particularly to work out-of-hours shifts. We have funded an advanced nurse practitioner training programme, which this year we are going to double the size of. It is a key component of moving forward, enhancing the role of the nurses in sustainability and primary care. Brian Hew, as the chair of the board, clearly it is your job to hold your colleagues to account for what has been presented today as a series of works in progress. What I am keen to understand from you is how do you measure success, how do you insist that work that is in progress produces outcomes, and when and how do you measure it? Over the past four or five years, we have put quite a lot of effort from a board perspective into the governance that sits around that question. For example, we have completely altered our system of risk analysis and risk management and the seeking of assurance about performance against those risk factors. We have restructured the levels of risk appetite that we are prepared to accept or aspire to in terms of all the various factors in our risk register. We then seek, from the board table, to delegate the scrutiny of the detailed performance against each of those factors to our various governance committees and now, of course, also through the IJB and the partnership links. We think that we have now got a fairly robust and secure system in which all the factors in our risk register, which of course reflect our strategic objectives, have been analysed out and delegated down to the governance committees who then scrutinise in detail the performance against those factors and report that back to the board when there are issues, whether there are gaps or where there are issues arising, or indeed decisions to be made about significant new remedial actions to be taken to correct that balance. I do claim that we have moved quite a long way in the past four or five years in terms of the security of that structure of governance around performance and performance improvement. Within the past year, we have appointed a head of governance for Lothian NHS Board. That person's job is to put the model of governance that we now have around performance and around risk and to keep that under permanent scrutiny so that we are seeking to continuously improve and further the security of that system. In fact, Susan Goldsmith talked earlier about the risk being particularly around financial balance, but what is the corporate approach, if you like, or the non-executive board approach, to the balance between that financial risk and the clinical risk, which has also been referred to? I will defer to Susan in a moment, but if you go back to my earlier remarks about that risk conundrum, it is exactly that. However, if you look at what the board has agreed, as defined as, and agreed as, its risk appetite priorities, the priorities absolutely, in terms of, number one, risks to patient care and quality of care and safety. Number two is about financial balance. We try to stick with that order of priority when we are considering the work coming back from our governance committees and assessing performance and the actions that need to be taken. I have to be honest and say that it is very often that we are wrestling with it, that we find ourselves in a difficult place in terms of making decisions because some of those decisions, in particular on the financial side of that conundrum, are relatively scientific. We can look at those and we can measure them and we can write down the numbers. When we come to look at the safety and care quality side of that equation, it can become more difficult. I instance the example of outpatients and simply the quantum of a dramatically increased total waiting list of people waiting outpatient appointments. There is an element of judgment. Once you have taken all the steps that we think it is reasonable to take to mitigate risk within that waiting list rise, you are still left with a decision, a judgment, which says there comes a point where simply the quantum of that number becomes something that we simply have to accept is at an unacceptable level of risk. That is a difficult assessment and a difficult judgment to make, but it is right at the top of our, it has the biggest share of our mind as a board. Let us put it that way, how to resolve that question. One of the other things that we have outlined in our submission is that we are trying to take a longer-term approach to the financial position of the board. Caroline Gardner appeared in front of the parliamentary audit committee and spoke about the requirement for boards to take a longer term approach to their financial strategy. We are trying to do that because it is only by looking forward and trying to plan for the size of the pressure that we are going to face over the next three to five years that we are able to shape and manage our response. We have just started that where we have spent quite a bit of time ensuring that we have good, robust financial management so that we are not compromising clinical care because we are not getting the money appropriately. We are now working on how we support an improvement programme across the board, which may not save cash but might support productivity and mitigation of that upward pressure. We recognise as a board that the only way that we are going to address that longer term financial strategy is working with other partners, such as the regions and the IGIBs, around strategic planning. The chairman is right that it is a continual challenge. The only time where we have made an explicit decision was when we did not have the physical capacity to meet all our access targets and we were contracting with the independent sector. At that point, we made a decision that we no longer had the resource to purchase activity from the independent sector. The rest of the time, it is just a continual balancing act to ensure that we prioritise clinical services. I appreciate the fact that you have spoken this morning about the need to tackle inequalities, the need to get to grips with upstream approaches and prevention. I appreciate the honesty that we are hearing about the fact that the board has taken an active decision to achieve financial balance. It might be that you cannot invest resource expressly in meeting targets. Has that inability to meet those targets led to the fact that Lothian has got the poorest A&E performance of all boards in 2018? It is useful to understand the quantum around that, because it is a very important question. When we have looked across Scotland, what we are saying is that the east of region, the south-east of Scotland, is pretty unique in terms of its population growth. The projections forward demonstrate growth in kids, in adults and in the elderly. That is unique in terms of the rest of Scotland. It is about double that of the rest of Scotland, and it is about four times the population growth of the west of Scotland. There is a real pressure building in our system. It is interesting to note that, in the past 10 years, we have seen a demand increase for outpatients of about 45 per cent, and we have seen an increase in A&E demand attendances of about 35 per cent. We are seeing a real pressure from population coming into our process. Some of that A&E pressure will be to do with the lack of GPs. A colleague lodged a motion yesterday about the GP crisis in West Lothian, and I think that we will be having a member's debate on that soon. Undoubtedly, all of those factors have an impact on people's perspective. We are now tracking part of our ambition as a board to really understand data and to understand the elements of demand, the elements of pressure at a micro level. We are now tracking from individual practices the yield to attendance at hospital in the emergency room and the yield to admission from that attendance. We are starting to create a portfolio that we are working with the IGBs and the IGB chiefs to really try and understand the dynamic. Is that because, when they called primary care to get a GP appointment, they were unable to offer access and therefore that converted immediately into an A&E? Is it an issue of ease of access? I do not need to call the GP, I can just show up at hospital and I will be treated. Is it because we are not identifying early enough in a clinical pathway that a condition, a chronic condition, is changing and resulting in an emergency admission? There are a number of flow issues using the data. I think that it will allow us to explore these in a lot more detail than we have before. Moving away from A&E, one on-going area of great concern—even yesterday, I was contacted by constituents who are very concerned about the paediatric situation at St John's. How is that being dealt with? What I would like to understand is that if you had all the cash and resources in the world, would you be able to solve that or is there another problem at the core of that? I am going to ask my colleague to come in, Jackie, to talk in detail. I guess that it is not an issue of cash and I need to be clear on that. It is not a funding issue. The board in its review of the St John's inpatient service committed itself to maintaining the service there and committed, as Susan characterised, at risk an additional £2 million to make sure that we could attempt to recruit additional members of staff to support that service. However, I will ask Jackie to in detail talk through where we are. As Jim has described, we have an on-going commitment to maintaining and delivering a 24-7 service at St John's, so that has not changed at all. In terms of recruitment, despite what is a national backdrop of shortages of paediatricians, we have successfully recruited seven additional consultant paediatricians into NHS Lothien. Currently, I am working in the department. We have five working. One of the most recent appointments we just appointed earlier this year and does not start with us until August. One of our most recent appointments is on materna to leave, but we have five additional consultants into the service. Over and above that, we have been training to advanced paediatric nurse practitioners, and they should be ready to start to participate in an out-of-hours rota towards the end of this year. We are about to recruit again and advertise again next month in relation to further advanced paediatric nurse practitioners, both to see if there are any trained practitioners out there, but also to recruit trainee practitioners. We have a further course starting in September. As Jim said, that is not about money. That has been an active and proactive and continuing recruitment drive, but, despite all that, we require 39 out-of-hours shifts to be covered every month. At the moment, based on our substantive staff, we could provide about 21, so we still have a way to go around having a sustainable out-of-hours rota. You are saying that specific issue is not about cash, but with regard to all of the other issues facing NHS Lothian. Do you feel that you have the financial resources to meet the targets that are being asked of you, or is it simply impossible with the package that you currently have? I guess that I would say that there is a requirement for the board to demonstrate an effective use of its £1.5 billion that it gets, but we have characterised a gap in our ability and our capacity to deliver against the access targets. We have been clear to the board to the Government that there is a significant element of funding that would be required to allow us to recover. Part of the request from the Scottish Government was to present what the characterised as an operational plan used to be called an LDP. It is now an operational plan for 18-19. In that, we have characterised all of our intelligence around demand, all of our intelligence around efficiency, productivity and maximising the use of our resource. Even doing all that, we have characterised a gap and we have characterised the quantum of funding that would be required to allow NHS Lothian to return to the levels of performance in terms of patients waiting over 12 weeks at March 2017. I think that one of the other elements of that is that even if we had the funding to return to March 2017, we do not have the overarching capacity either internally or with the external providers in relation to that. There is often a lead-in time in starting up capacity, which is why Susan Desiwes described that we are really keen to be looking at at least a three-year programme so that we have an opportunity where we can look at additional resource whilst we redesign our services behind that. We have presented a number of options, a series of options that see incremental improvement, they see delivery of key clinical priority services and they see the return of NHS Lothian to 17. You have characterised not only the existence of a gap, but you have also described the quantum of the gap. What is the quantum of the gap? So, to return NHS Lothian to the position of March 2017 is £31 million. So, essentially, that is your assessment on the basis of the services that you are responsible to deliver of the shortfall in funding. Thank you very much. David Stewart. Thank you very much, convener. We have touched, I think, already today on the issue about how you assess risk. You have covered that quite substantially. What I am interested in is how you assess risk and how that feeds into developing your strategy and how flexible you are to do that. On your submission, the very last page of the very interesting triangle, when you said, basically, in order to look at transformational change, it is beyond our own capability that we need to look at regional and national strategies. Is that a correct analysis of your triangle? I would also extend it further. If you look at the submission that has been made by the regional team under Tim Davison's leadership, it states very clearly that the best efforts of the regional planning team to seek additional efficiency-driven benefits, let's say, going forward, has come to much the same conclusion. It has basically said that, as far as we can see at the moment, we can see a way clear to adding some additional benefit and taking the bottom of the pyramid that you are referring to, the pyramid diagram that is in Susan's financial plan. It takes us only still to the bottom two rungs of that. Therefore, from the regional planning function in Tim's view, now becomes one that says, okay, we will do everything that we can to go out and maximise those two bottom chunks of the pyramid, but we are saying now very clearly that, in order to move us up to a six to seven per cent cumulative annual savings target, we are going to have to come up with some different prisms through which to look at the business model. We don't have those answers. We are saying at the moment that this is a grey area, that we understand the questions, but we need now to put a lot more effort. This, of course, is a regional, if not a national, issue. The other regions are coming up with very similar, very simpler views about it. There is a task to be taken on, which is about the transformational level of change, if you like, which sits at the top two sections of the pyramid that Susan and her team have constructed. Clearly, you are the second largest board in terms of population. You have got some characteristics that other boards do not have. If I could just flag at some of these, in your high risk, or in your medium risk, I should say, you talked to prescribing being a problem. Obviously, all the boards in Scotland will come before this committee, and that is a problem in other boards as well. If I take issues like hepatitis C, where you have got some considerable issues, is that one of the factors why your prescribing has been a problem in terms of being beyond budget or something? Absolutely. Again, it is not just Lothian. Across Scotland, the proportion of our spend on drugs, whether through GP prescribing or in our hospital sector, has become an increasing proportion of our budget. As a result, we have invested a significant amount of resource with Scottish Government funding and our own funding into providing pharmacy support. That has generated significant savings, but those savings just have to be plowed back into supporting that upward trajectory that I keep referring to. We do see benefit from investing in pharmacy support, but we require it to continue to fund the increasing drug spend that is either coming from the demographic or, indeed, in GP prescribing, one of the things that we are seeing now is short supply and that affects price. We have done well nationally in securing reductions in the price because we have worked together across Scotland, but in GP prescribing we are seeing the impact of the global economy on some of the drugs that we procure. It is a continual pressure for us. How flexible is the board when it comes to the strategy? For example, if you see changes in the characteristic of your board area, how quickly can you change the strategy that you are looking at without being frivolous? If I can throw in the military analogy, I think that it was a German military strategist who talked about any strategy collapses with the first contact with the enemy. I am not suggesting that that is the way that you would look at it, but it is relatively easy to develop a strategy in anivary tower if whether it works in practice is another issue. It is not too much your German friend's analogy. It is more to do with the scale and complexity of the deployment that is required from the point of agreeing a change to strategy to getting that into place. We are striving to get better at that process all the time, but we are still a very large and complex organisation. It is not an incident process. We developed a strategy in 2014 and published it. Alex can talk through the detail of that, but that was an attempt to characterise what our vision of the future was. It took account of demand, demographic changes and disease profiling. Alex, do you want to say? Our health and care of future was the name of the strategy from 2014 to 2024. It describes a lot of the discussion that we are currently having, but it also articulated the stakes in the ground, as we called it, so that we are all in the film of Edinburgh, the western general, as sites that we would not be discussing coming off, but how we would develop or redefine some of those sites. That allowed us then to go back and look at what other services we had on other sites that it did not necessarily have to be on those sites that we could repatriate on to others or make them maximise their opportunity. That allowed us to progress with a number of—I will use the word closure, but if you want to talk about shifting the balance of care—shifting the balance of care—for example, Corsdorff in hospital, Murray Park, the reduction in the libertine site in terms of the bed base there as well, the development of the loading community hospital, the work around the Royal Edinburgh reprovision. Those were all characterised in our strategies, so we have been progressing those and enacting those over the last couple of years. I touched on earlier how you need other groups to help, so tell me a little bit more about the help and support that you receive from the Scottish Government when you are developing the strategy. What discussions do you have with them? Is there any wider issues for the committee about issues such as how capital planning and revenue planning is allocated? Is there any issues that we should understand from you on those issues? Alex, I will pick up on the general strategy point. It is probably fair to say that when we were developing the strategy, our Scottish Government colleagues were very close to us. I say that in a positive sense, from the point of view of the ambitions that we have in the Government has around shifting the balance of care, about providing care closer to home in the community. We talked earlier about the financial aspects of that. We do not have bridging monies anymore, so it is about how we actually secure that transition whilst making sure that patients are kept safe or that we build up the community capacity whilst running down the inpatient capacity, for example. I would probably say that, from a planning perspective, they have been very helpful with us. In terms of revenue, Susan, I am not sure if you want to talk about Enrack. Well, Enrack, we talked earlier about some of the pressure that we feel in loading around the demographics. One of the challenges for us as a board is that, because of the way that the formula works, which influences our bulk of our allocation, it is based on population. Of course, it is relative population. As the east population grows, and the west declines relative to the east, we are perpetually trying to catch up in our share of the total pot of money. Almost year on year, we are behind our target allocation. That clearly gives us a challenge. However, if we are in dialogue with the Scottish Government, it is recognised that that is an issue for us, and we will continue to be in dialogue with some year on year. Just on the final question that relates to finance on Brexit, you have probably followed our discussions on Brexit in earlier committees. One issue that I raised with the cabinet secretary, which I am quite concerned about, is the effect on receptacle healthcare. For example, the S1 and S2 schemes that Brits abroad get. If there might be a transitional support there, but for new Brits going abroad, there are real issues that they will not get healthcare, and we will return to Lothian in other health board areas. I know that there are Scottish figures on that. Have you looked at this in Lothian of the effect on additional social care and primary care demands from people who are currently living in the 27th? We are only just in the middle of doing that piece of work on an assessment of what Brexit might be. I cannot answer your question explicitly, but that is a piece of work that is under way currently. In relation to the shortfall on NRAC that you described, how does that relate to the £31 million gap to previous performance levels? The £31 million gap relates to access targets. To achieve access targets, we would need to spend an extra £31 million, although that would only take us to our March 17 performance. The NRAC is on top of that. It is just to support all demographics. To achieve your full NRAC allocation, what additional funding would you have received this year? For £18.90 million, we will be short by the time we get to the end of £18.90 million, about £14 million. I read with interest through your submission, specifically with regard to some of the areas of performance shortfall, and I will come on to them in a minute. There are just a few things that I will work through picking on some of the points that you have made earlier. It is very interesting introduction, and I understand the challenges that you spoke about in the conundrum. You have mentioned a couple of times about waiting lists and the overall waiting list target and the way that you manage them to make sure that individuals are not exposed for a lot of a better word in terms of where they are in that process. Do you think that that can suggest that we are at a top level working and maybe measuring their own things if we are focused on an overall target, but, within that, there are other things that are more important? That is always the question, is not it? Is Harry Burns characterised in his report? Are we hitting the target and missing the point? I think that there is an element to that. If you spoke to clinicians, they would characterise examples of that. However, there is absolutely, certainly from my opinion, a benefit to us delivering earlier access to treatment and to assessment. I think that that is an important principle. We have, however, recognised that we are in a different place than perhaps we were before and with so many people waiting, either for outpatient appointments or for inpatient treatment. We need to change our approach to managing this. Jackie, I think, could you talk through our approach? That might offer a bit of insight into that. As Jim described, it is an area that we have recognised that is a risk for us as an organisation with our long waits on our outpatient waiting list. We have worked with our medical director and we have developed a clinical risk matrix that looks at services and the volume of patients on those waiting lists for those services in terms of the probability that serious diagnosis could be delayed and being diagnosed or that a patient's condition could deteriorate. On the back of that risk matrix, what we have introduced is a keeping in touch process where we actively contact patients that are on our waiting list. We do that for a two-fold reason. One, we give the patient reassurance that they are still on that waiting list. It gives us an opportunity to assess if there is any change in the patient's condition. It gives us the opportunity if there is a change for us to escalate that back to the clinical team and to potentially bring an appointment forward, depending on what is said there just now. We have also found through that process that there are a number of patients whose condition has got better and they advise that at that time they no longer require to be on the waiting list and that that has a benefit for other patients on there. We are looking at a clinical risk basis. Another good example is probably within our endoscopy service, which is one of our higher risk services, where we have worked with the clinical team to understand fully from the consultant perspective where our highest risk patients are. Although we do look at report on urgent suspicion of cancers and urgence, within that service some of our highest risk patients actually sit in our repeat or surveillance queues, not in the new queue. We actively have converted some of our capacity for those high risk patients, so we continually work with the clinical teams and calibrate our capacity to our highest risk patients. There is a lot of good stuff there. If you have a suite of measures that you use internally to understand the profile of what you just described, you can track that. I am moving on. I talked about preventative spend and it was really interesting. You talked about taking a risk, which I fully understand. You mentioned diabetes in primary care. I suppose that the question is how well do you understand that risk? If you are putting in x million here and expecting y million back, y being greater than x at some point in the future, how will you understand the time-phase of when that happens and what that ratio is between putting the output? If you are experiencing leverage in learning from other health boards or other parts of the world, go on this journey. One of the things that we are developing and Jim referred to earlier is our use of data and metrics. The answer to your question is currently. We probably do not understand it well enough. What we do know is that we spend probably about 10 per cent of our total allocation provides healthcare to individuals who have diabetes. They might have other conditions, but they have diabetes. That is very much worth taking a risk. We spend some money and we will not get the return for a long time, but that is almost like a no-brainer. For other areas, we will develop on diabetes measures. Using the data that we are increasing using, we will develop measures for that kind of investment. Primary care, we know what the demographics look like and what type of activity we need to see provided in primary care and community services. Increasingly, we will measure that, but I think that that is very much developing at the moment. On the diabetes point that Susan has made, we in Lothian have about 35,000 diabetic patients. Most of those are type 2 diabetes that can be prevented or reversed. That costs us about 110 million pounds a year to treat. There is a whole sweth of evidence that says that if you get people on two dietary programmes, weight loss programmes and sustain it, we can reverse that number. That saving could be reinvested. That is absolutely a punt that we need to take in terms of investment and money. We will do that through moneys that we will get from the Scottish Government around the obesity weight management strategy that has come out to make sure that that is the kind of thing that we need to look to invest in going forward. The return on that from an individual level is huge, but from a society and an organisational point of view, it is significant as well. I want to touch on that one of the things that we have mentioned. We have looked at as well as round about hep C, whether some work is going on in Spifial and Dundee. If you invest significantly now, you can reduce the incidence to such a level that the reinfection rate is going to drop right off and you can save in the long run quite a lot. Is that something that you are focused on as well? Yes, absolutely. We do try to channel our investments in a way that will support our reduction and the level of cost of care that we provide. It is in another area that is in your submission round about demand management. You have referenced that in terms of A&E, and you have actually got a graph that shows quite a significant improvement there. You talked about early triage, flow centre, clinical algorithms and stuff like that. Do you really just want to talk a wee bit about what you are doing in demand management across the piece, because that does sound like something that is... I guess we were shown a reduction in demand until the beast from the east arrived in that bluer trajectories out of the water. I guess that it brings me back to the point that I was making. We are challenged as a board, and we should be challenged as a board to demonstrate effective use of the resources that we are allocated. One of the areas that we need to look at is not just expanding capacity to meet increasing demand, but to look at the causation of demand and try to reduce that. You have seen from the data that you have had a look at some of the outcomes associated with the work that we have done. Jackie, David, I would be keen to get your view on actual examples where we are demonstrating an impact. You have already discussed the flow centre. The flow centre is our real success for us in NHS Lothian, and it is an area that we are looking at on a regional basis. The flow centre works in collaboration with the Scottish Ambulance Service, with our primary care colleagues and with the acute sector. It looks at how we best divert patients to the best place for their care, and that may well be to an ambulatory care areas such as a rapid access clinic, rather than having to present to ED. We have put in place a frailty hub at West Lothian, or based in St John's, but it is part of the West Lothian working there just now. We have put in rapid access respiratory clinics so that patients, rather than having to present to ED, can have access to that clinical team there just now. It works very well around diverting patients to the right place for their care. David, do not talk about some of the work that is happening in primary care, but before I hand over, some of the other areas are a real success story around demand reduction. Again, I think that within our submission pack there is, if we look at gastroenterology, again one of our really pressurised outpatient services there. Through working in collaboration with our laboratory colleagues, with the clinical team in gastroenterology and with our general practice colleagues, we went through a testing and then a full implementation of a new test that can be carried out in the GP practice that has actually reduced the number of referrals into secondary care by 400 a month, and we have seen that as a sustained reduction. That is a really good example of working collaboratively and reducing our demand. I can add some examples from primary care. There are two levels to this. One is the work that we are doing across the whole of Lothian, and then there is individual work in each of the partnerships. Across Lothian we have a referrals adviser service. It is a GP who works between secondary care and primary care, and they work on referral protocols for elective outpatient referrals, the kind of thing that we have been talking about, to ensure that the most appropriate patients see the right kind of specialist. Then they turn that into an electronic referral process, so that the GP can make the right referral while sitting in the clinic, but it is the right referral to the right specialist. We also go through with the patient all the other things that need to be done before our referral is appropriate, because there are often our steps that can be missed and things can be dealt with in primary care. We also have a secondary care primary care interface group and a laboratories interface group where primary care and secondary care sit together and discuss exactly those kinds of issues, demand for tests, taking of blood, etc. To ensure that we get the balance of demand in the right place for the right kind of patients. At a more local level, in Midlothian they are testing an enhanced triage system in two practices. In East Lothian we have been piloting what we call the Musselburgh access service for 30,000 patients, so same-day access. There is some early evidence that the A&E referrals from the Musselburgh practices have dropped off, hopefully as a result of that early days, but we would hope to be able to demonstrate that. In Edinburgh they have been putting physiotherapists into practices to deal with musculoskeletal problems that can often end up in A&E and orthopedics, and in West Lothian they have been the lead area in Lothian testing SAS ambulance service paramedics during home visits, so that home visits can be done quickly on time by the right kind of person and again to try to avoid A&E referrals. That is all good. My final kind of area that I wanted to touch on was what I would call improvement process. You have touched on that already and talked about the data tracking stuff. To my mind of what you do there is you figure out the reasons that the drivers are causing things, then you pre-todact look for the biggest hitters, then you go figure out the action plan, then you go around to look and see if it is working and then you should see that they will come in down on your top line. We have all that stuff. How recent is that process? How robust is it? Is it still being rolled out? The second part of that is, at a very top level, how much of an improvement do you think that can deliver as you can start to drive those improvements? In terms of the first question constantly and continually, we look at reports weekly. Our ambition is to look at some of the demand issues on a daily basis once our information system evolves to where we want it to be, but certainly weekly, absolutely monthly and then we trend look at what is happening. We can identify if a new service such as David or Jackie described comes in to be. We can track what is the outcome from that. David said that we are already seeing early indicators of the difference, the approach that is being taken in Ethlothian around attendance at hospital. That is something that we are tracking and we will wait and see where that goes. It is a consistent and continual process that allows us, if we think that that is not delivering what we thought it would deliver, why is that? We can look at that quite quickly. I forgot what you are saying. I mean, it has just been optimistic about that stuff. Continuing to do that, what impact do you see on the top level in terms of performance, but also in terms of financials? You should see a one or two per cent per year improvement there, if you are doing it right. What does the thing that I was going to add is that, as well in our submission, we have referred to the development of our quality strategy. We have developed a quality academy, which is giving our staff those kinds of skills so that, wherever they identify an opportunity and for improvement, they have the skills. We will also provide additional data analysts, improvement advisers and project managers who are required. That links into the triangle and the improvement aspect of our longer-term financial strategy. We are still at the early stages of that, but the board is absolutely committed to the roll-out of the quality academy across the organisation. I want to ask the board particularly about the issue of delayed discharges and how that relates to the IJBs, because we know that delayed discharge is an indicator of the success of the entire system, not just the discharges itself. In your submission, you said that there are specific and acute issues relating to performance within the Edinburgh IJB. I suppose that my question would be what is the board doing to support the efforts of the IJB in this area, particularly with long-standing delayed discharge? In your answer, it would be quite helpful for the committee that we know that that is a serious issue. We also know that we are probably not quite seeing the progress that we would like to see here. Could you explain areas where you have been doing things that maybe have not worked so well and what you are going to be doing differently in the short term to address that? We agree with the question and the way that you framed it. That is a huge issue, and it has been a recurring issue, and we are extremely frustrated about it, I suppose, as the first thing to say. Having said that, Robert David. You characterised delayed discharges as a major issue for the board, and I would absolutely concur with that. I guess that the first thing to say is that we are not about characterising the IJB as the responsible officer for this, because I agree with your view that I think that it is a whole system approach. Our approach to that has been to engage fully and in a sport of manner with the leadership teams in Edinburgh. You will be aware of some of the socio-economic issues that the city of Edinburgh faces, with relatively low unemployment. The ability to characterise care jobs at a salary range that they are offered against somewhere where they might work in a supermarket or somewhere else has been difficult. The care job is complex. It involves moving around and dealing with individuals that might not be completely compliant and polite. Therefore, it is an environment that causes issue with recruitment. Part of our approach, which I think that Alex touched on earlier, is to join us in terms of a care career. There is an opportunity for you to progress beyond that which you are joining in the organisation. The offer of education and development to allow people to move forward. We are really trying to exploit the whole integration thing that says health and social care working together, so there is an opportunity to flip across into a health career and move forward in that way. Equally, we have identified tests of change where we have tried to take care workers from the hospital environment and allow them to work with community colleagues and care colleagues to try and involve different models of care. We have tested that to see if that would work. We have tried to look at the criteria that says how we can reduce the demand that actually sees care required. Evolving rehab programmes, ensuring that we can maximise people's outcome as quickly as possible to reduce the demand on that. Particular examples, David, might you want to cite? I think that it is a difficult situation and Jim is giving a good explanation for the reasons for Edinburgh in terms of the strength of the economy and full employment. The implementation of the living wage is probably starting to help, but the next stages of that, we need to stick with that and the funding that the Scottish Government has made available has obviously made that possible. I think that that is really important so that a career in care is as financially rewarding as an alternative that might be available to people in that high employment scenario. Edinburgh has achieved some major successes. If you look at where Edinburgh was a year or so ago around, for example, the Royal Edinburgh hospital, the transformation around people delayed in psychiatry of old age beds, which was a real critical issue in terms of the opening of phase one of the new Royal Edinburgh hospital, that whole situation has transformed. A nurse led team is now providing rapid response for people who might otherwise become delayed. The bed numbers are now adequate for the demand that is placed on them because of that change that the integration joint board and City of Edinburgh Council are working with NHS Lothian have brought in. If you look at the length of stay of delays—the number of delays is important because each of those is a person, an individual person and a family—the length of stay is important because the number of bed days that delays occupy and the number of days that they have in hospital that could otherwise be used for other forms of care, the average length of delay is coming down, perhaps not as dramatically as we would like, but it is coming down steadily. That is a really important figure. I think that the Scottish Government has recognised that in, for example, one of the six indicators for integration joint boards that has been agreed is the occupied bed days for delayed discharges rather than the absolute number of delayed discharges. I think that you need to look at it in the round. I will add one thing. This is another area where we have also taken a financial risk because we have agreed with the City of Edinburgh that we will both make an additional £4 million available. It is clear that we have got some conditions attached so that we would want to see some improvement, but we have taken a financial risk because we know that part of the solution has to be about the investment that goes into that service. Can you speak to maybe the IJBs? Do they have a new strategy for getting additional provision into the system? That is one of the major issues. There is currently a review on going to look at the providers that are in play, offering both care at home and a locality basis across the City of Edinburgh. There is an exploration of what the contract was expected to deliver and what it has actually delivered. Part of the issue has been provider failure not just in City of Edinburgh but across Lothians and beyond. It is a real exploration of what causes system failure and provider failure. That work is on-going right now. You spoke about potential new models of care. Can you give a bit more of an example of what sort of things you are looking at in that area? We are very keen on the concept of discharge to assess. That is a model of care that sees actually once an individual, a person, a patient has completed their health treatment in an acute hospital but has residual needs. Currently, that assessment process takes place in an acute ward. That sees individuals that might not be dealing with that individual in the community taking forward an assessment process. We are very keen to look at how we can bolster our assessment and rehab service, which is primary care community-based, that allows an individual to be discharged home. For that assessment and rehab to be put in place within their home, more realistic, more appropriate, takes me back to my point. If we can reduce the need of individuals, then overall we can reduce the demand on the care service. That is an area that we are looking at. Equally, we are trying to look at how we might sectorise the care provider so that there is a target within a community area, the engagement of, within that area, of both care and health resource, to look at how we might provide services in a truly integrated way, is something that has been explored right now. That is helpful. Hospital at home is another one. You have probably heard it referred to by various things, frailty model, et cetera, but we have tended to call it hospital at home in Lothian. One of its main functions is to see people at home who might otherwise need admitted hospital. They have another function, which is to take people from A&E or medical assessment back home quicker than they might otherwise have done, and to prevent them going into the system and becoming a delayed discharge. Hospital at home often links with discharge to assess as well, and they work hand in hand to make sure that people get that final stage of their care, which might otherwise be delivered in hospital at home. The other innovative thing that we have done is hospital to home, which is NHS-employed nursing assistants providing personal care as a transition, a bridge between getting home and the independent sector providers kicking in and providing the service. That has been implemented in East Lothian and Edinburgh, for example. I am looking at those numbers. I am seeing in February more delayed discharges in Lothian than in the next two highest boards put together. That is a quarter of all the delayed discharges occupied by bed days, as David said, are in Lothian. Who is accountable for that failure to reduce the delayed discharge? Brian. Who is accountable for it? The trite answer is that we all are. The chief executive of NHS Lothian, who is accountable at the end of the day, is accountable. The chief officer of the IGB is accountable and the chief executive of City of Edinburgh Council is accountable. That is the model that we have set up, so it is a shared accountability. At the end of the day, the accountability primarily rests with the chief executive of the health board as accountable officer. I think that what you have described is a number of mechanisms to try to address the consequences of delayed discharge, but it rests with people coming into hospital and not coming out again. Many of those people should not be coming in. The practical manifestation of that accountability is the fact that the outcome of all of this and the failure to fully resolve the issue is that people end up lying in our acute beds in the Royal Infirmary. They are not piled up outside the city chambers or anywhere else. They are occupying those beds. Therefore, in a practical day-to-day sense, that is where the accountability starts. Given that, have you set targets for reducing this very large number? Will you be reporting publicly on the achievement of those targets? We did establish performance trajectories in 1718. We saw some of the evidence that has been cited by your colleague where we saw a reduction in attendance at the hospital and a reduction in admissions to hospitals. We were tracking that very well. What we have been hit with and what the system has been hit with is a series of provider failures where anticipated capacity and resource were not able to be deployed. We saw that immediately hit us in terms of that. The characterisation of demand and capacity modelling in care provision is something that has only recently started to evolve in terms of its elegance and the information that we are taking from that. I think that we are in a place—we are working now on 1819 trajectories to manage and monitor the impact of some of the changes and some of the initiatives that we have spoken to you about. On reflection, I think that the city of Edinburgh faces a really difficult journey ahead. The new leadership team will take up post at the beginning of next month. One of the early agenda items that I will have with the new chief officer is on how we can best move forward to improve the situation. Finally, on bringing in Emma Harper on the regional aspect, what is the relative cost of a delayed discharge person in a hospital bed versus that person in care provision at home? It depends on the type of ward. It is about £1,000 to £1,500 a week, but that does not take account of all the fixed costs in the infrastructure. It is that sort of magnitude. It depends where you are and what the rates are. You are talking two to three times the cost, and therefore a very significant part of that financial hit that you were talking about earlier. Emma Harper. I am interested in the issues around the health and social care plan for the regional issues as we move forward. It was interesting to read in the report that it says here that, in September 2017, the progress report on the development of the plan highlighted a degree of frustration that work on the propositions included in the plan made marginal improvements to existing models of care. It is similar to what Ash Denham has talked about with IJBs, but it is generating transformative propositions to deliver disruptive innovation. It is interesting to read the word disruptive, because I know that change is disruptive. Is there a culture of people who are early adopters, change agents or naysayers that you need to bring dragging along for change? What is the plan for regional issues as we move forward with the IJBs? Against the characterisation of individuals' approach to change is well rehearsed. There will be individuals who will immediately and enthusiastically embrace the concept because they see the outcome associated with the change. There is a spectrum down to individuals who, no matter what the outcome is, will just disengage because change is so angst for them. We all recognise that that is part of NHS provision that has been for the last 40 years, so we need to recognise that and move forward in terms of that. The most up-to-date report from the region characterises movement and improvement. The ability for us to characterise significant change to generate savings, however, is limited. Some of the advice that I gave you earlier around the south-east region being characterised as an area of growth, a south-east region being characterised as a 10-year demand model showing 45 per cent for outpatients and 35 per cent for ANE continuing to increase is an issue. The boards in the south-east of Scotland have gone through a disruptive transformation in terms of acute services, so we have rationed, reduced the number of sites, reduced the number of ANEs, reduced the number of hospital beds. We have tried to move our acute specialties on to one campus rather than have them provided on different campuses. There is the opportunity to look at, could we centralise a specific specialty to a specific area and disengage that process from a locality? That is significantly disruptive. I guess that that would be part of our programme as we move forward around real alternatives and real challenges to the paradigm, Susan. Do you want to go? I am just going to give you one example, because I think that we need to have early examples and give confidence. We have just agreed that we will have one operational management board for laboratory services across the south-east region. That will eventually bring about a change in how we deliver laboratory services across the region and using new technology, which means that we do not have to have every service on every site. Again, we are at very early stages. If we can deliver that, that creates confidence in the change agenda. That is not going to save us lots and lots of money, but it is going to allow us to continue to provide the service. One of the examples that I would also say is around radiology. We saw one of our sister boards having a real issue around its ability to recruit radiologists. The clinicians from NHS Bordd or NHS Lothian and NHS Fife considered how we best, as a region, provide support to NHS Fife. Using the PAX system, which is the picture archiving system that allows images to be acquired in one specific location but examined in various different locations, would be used to try and deal with the clinical issues around provision in Fife. However, the issue was that the report generated by the clinician found its way on to the host. If an NHS Lothian radiologist were looking at a report from Fife and reported it, it would go into the NHS Lothian reporting system. However, working with the supplier and working with eHealth and others, it developed a prototype that allows the report to be generated into the host board. That has seen a real stability being brought to bear around the provision of radiology. It is a good example for me where regional working has actually, clinician led, has resulted in an ability to sustain a service. That will be a theme as we go forward. I am also just a quick sump about—there are certain pathways that are currently in process. For instance, Dumfries and Galloway is considered part of the east cancer pathway, which is bizarre, because Dumfries and Galloway is not in the east of any region, and Stranraer folks then have to travel to Edinburgh for radiology as part of this managed clinical cancer network. It is part of the regionalisation that other boards will then have to move and move services and pathways to other areas, for instance. Does that affect the ability for the boards and the planning? Is that put further challenges, I suppose, pressures on other areas? I guess all that needs to be tested out. We do work closely with the other regional groups. Ideas, issues, changes or disruptive changes that are being developed and evolved in the west would be subject to discussion with us in the east and with our colleagues in the north, to really understand not just what is the impact here, but what might be the ripple impacts that might impact on other boards. There is a process of engagement and collaboration, so I think that anything like that would be tested out. The current overlay of the regional structure that has been in place now for a year to produce to look at planning from a regional perspective has been fairly roughly hewn. It was put in place fairly quickly and a lot of people recognised that there were anomalies and overlaps and perhaps gaps in the way that the lines have been drawn between east, west and north. As Jim said, that is being reconciled pragmatically by making sure that we all stick together on this and talk to each other about it. I can well imagine that as the regional initiative develops and gathers strength, there will be further revisions and honing, if you like, of regional boundaries and definitions as we go forward. Regardless of the regional work, when we are reviewing the cancer centre and its provision, a lot of the focus here is about how we can provide care closer to home so that people do not have to travel from Dumfries up to Edinburgh, so what could we do more closely at home? We provide a facility for people to stay overnight, so that is great. However, much of that could be repatriated back to the actual board itself. Regardless of the regional bit, it will get picked up through that process. There is another process that issues like that would get flagged as well. Such as radiotherapy or something like that to be disseminated in the world? I guess that it will be dependent on each pathway. I think that the point you made was pathways as well. What could be reasonably done in a local hospital versus the stuff that needs to be done in a centre? That is the more specialist high-end stuff, so it will be more of the kind of more routine treatments that would be provided more locally. The oncologist would be very clear, though, that the cancer journey should be within a team, a recognised network, because if elements of it are provided or undertaken out with that network, then there can be differences in approach to different protocols and increased risk for individual patients. It is not as simple as taking a part of the journey of the cancer clinical pathway and moving it around. It is about looking at the whole process and saying, how can we best offer a service? As Alex said, our ambitions around our new regional cancer centre would see us engaging with all current users and all boards to see if there is a better pathway that could be evolved as part of that development. Thank you very much. That has been a very full session. Can I thank colleagues for their input and our witnesses for their evidence? I apologise to those colleagues who have still had further questions that they would like to ask. We will write to you with a further follow-up letter probably in the course of next month, and no doubt some of those additional points will be raised there but also to pursue some of the points on the evidence that we have heard today. Thank you very much. We will now take a five-minute break and then move on to private session thereafter.

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ବାଙ୍କିରେ ଡ୍ରାଗନ ଫ୍ରୁଟର ବମ୍ଫର ଅମଳ || Dragon fruit || Farming || Banki

୩ଏକର ଜମିରେ ହୋଇଛି ବିଦେଶୀ ଡ୍ରାଗନ ଫ୍ରୁଟ ଚାଷ । ଥରକେ ଅମଳ ହେଉଛି ତିନି କ୍ୟୁଣ୍ଟାଲ ଫଳ । କିଛି ବର୍ଷ ତଳେ ପାହାଡିଆ ଏହି ଜମିରେ ଚାଷ ହେବ ବୋଲି କାହା ମନରେ ନଥିଲା ଆଶା । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହି ଅସମ୍ଭବକୁ ସମ୍ଭବ କରାଇଛନ୍ତି କଟକ ଜିଲ୍ଲା ବାଙ୍କୀ ଡମପଡା ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ଦୁଇ ବାଲ୍ୟବନ୍ଧୁ ଶଶାଙ୍କ ଓ ସୌମେନ୍ଦ୍ର । #ArgusNews #GoodNews #Dragonfruit #Farming #Benefit #Banki #OdishaNews Argus News is Odisha's fastest-growing news channel having its presence on satellite TV and various web platforms. Watch the latest news updates LIVE on matters related to education & employment, health & wellness, politics, sports, business, entertainment, and more. Argus News is setting new standards for journalism through its differentiated programming, philosophy, and tagline 'Satyara Sandhana'. ବାଙ୍କିରେ ଡ୍ରାଗନ ଫ୍ରୁଟର ବମ୍ଫର ଅମଳ || Dragon fruit || Farming || Banki To stay updated on-the-go, Visit Our Official Website: https://www.argusnews.in/ (Odia) Visit Our Official Website: https://argusenglish.in/ (English) iOS App: http://bit.ly/ArgusNewsiOSApp Android App: http://bit.ly/ArgusNewsAndroidApp Live TV: https://argusnews.in/live-tv/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/argusnews.in Youtube : https://www.youtube.com/c/TheArgusNewsOdia Twitter: https://twitter.com/ArgusNews_in Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/argusnewsin Argus News Is Available on: TataPlay channel No - 1780 Airtel TV channel No - 609 Dish TV channel No - 1369 d2h channel No - 1757 SITI Networks HYD - 12 Hathway - 732 GTPL KCBPL - 713 SITI Networks Kolkata - 460 & other Leading Cable Networks You Can WhatsApp Us Your News On- 8480612900

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पहड्या जमीरे सब्हल होगी ची भी देसी द्रागन्प्रूट जासा तिननी एक़ा जमीरे रूपिता तिननी हचार चारा भे सुर्स्टप्रूट होगी भडीची आरोही कान्दो को सिथा बडीभापाई तेरी होगी सिमेंट तेरी सवतंत्र कुन्ता तांगरा उ पहड्या जमीरे ड्रागन्प्रूट चासा होगी बभभूली यूटूग रूप्रूट जानी बापारे एभली चासा प्रती मनोजोग देज्योंती कोटक जिला दमबपडा अंचलरा दूी भल्ले बंदू सवसांक से खरपरीडा उ सुमेंटर मिस्रा सवसांक को सुमेंटर चितबडे पहडया एह जमीरे चासा पाई चिन्ता कोले चितबडे ज़ो से चनातिला बड़ो समस्या यूटूप देखी से मने जानी परे लेजे अदिको उतापा उ कोम ज़ो रे होई परिभा ड्रागन्प्रूट अदिको परिभागन्प्रूट खुशी प्रदर सनी वूँ तिनुटि प्रजातिला चोडदे द्रागन्प्रूट चारा आनी रो पणक्दतिले लाल द्रागन्प्रोटा दी अदिको मित्ठा पराग़ा देखा ये पिनी हो चर चारा लोगा जाएईची बल्यो बन्दु सव्सां एबों सुम्मेंद्रं कर, कतिना परिस्च्रम एबों दूडा इचा सक्ति फलारे, आजी पहाडि आंचलरे फले परिच्छन द्रागन फला, जहा कि ए आंचलरे बा अडिसरे इन नियारा दिख्याउ मिले. तेबे निजे जने सप्फलो चाषी वाशाई तो अने वानु को प्रोना देछन ती, जे द्रागन फलो चाषा करन तु, यह मों लाभवान वहन्त। कदक जिला बांकिरु, कन्त्रन भेहरेंगर इपोट, अर्गस नुज. जो दि आपनों को आमा बीट्रेटी बहुल आगिला, तेबे आमा चनेल को लाएक, शेर और सबसक्रेप करीपा को जमभी बलूं तो नहीं.

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CODE NAME: [REDACTED] - The Truth (SCP Orientation) #shorts

This video is derived from https://scp-wiki.wikidot.com/code-name-the-truth and released under Creative Commons Sharealike 3.0. Contributor: Jack Ike Artist: Artstation: https://www.artstation.com/markoriginals Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mark0riginals #scp #scporientation #scpfoundation

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What is the easiest way to hide the identity of SCP-001? This would have been a perplexing question for the administrator who had conceived a general notice 001-alpha. How do you hide the most important anomaly the Foundation ever has and ever will come across? How do you hide the creator of the 2,000 anomalies to follow? How do you hide the ultimate weapon? How do you hide something worse? Like the identity of the administrator, the circumstances surrounding how they came to their final decision is shrouded in mystery and known by a select few. Regardless of whether the process was arduous, the outcome is evident for all to see and functioned precisely as planned. Several completely different files are present in the entry, preceded by a forward stating that none, one, several, or all of these files were the true SCP-001.

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Andrew Feinstein - Divest from the War Machine Summit

Andrew Feinstein (author of The Shadow World: Inside the Global Arms Trade) speaks at the CODEPINK Divest from the War Machine Summit 10/21/2017 On October 21, 2017 CODEPINK and a broad coalition of partner organizations hosted the Divest from the War Machine summit to launch the divestment campaign. The day was spent examining the war machine, the role of military contractors in perpetuating violence, and learning the skills and knowledge necessary to use divestment as a tool for public education and long-lasting change. Video courtesy of The Real News

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This is Andrew Feinstein in support of the divest from the War Machine Summit in Washington DC, October 21, 2017. Hello. First, I'm very sorry that I can't be there with you in person, but I'm sure that the summit will be a huge success. The first and most important reason that we've got to think about divestment from the US war machine is the incredibly dominant role that the US plays in the global arms trade and in militarization and militarism throughout the world. In any given year, the United States of America produces anywhere between one third and almost a half of all the weapons systems produced in the world. In addition, the United States of America is involved in more conflicts, in more military action than any other country in the world. The role of US defense contractors, of US military service providers, including what we used to call mercenaries, is absolutely crucial. These are the biggest companies of their kind in the world, and they set the template not only for the manufacture of weaponry around the world, but for the modus operandi in terms of which that manufacture and distribution of weaponry takes place globally. Unless we see change, unless we see a diminution in the size, the power, the influence and the reach of US defense contractors and arms producers, we cannot tackle global militarism in a meaningful way. We cannot tackle the conflicts in Syria, in Yemen, in the occupied Palestinian territories, unless we strike at the heart of the global war machine in the United States of America itself. How do we do that? There are multiple tools. For us, as investigators, researchers, activists, campaigners, the provision of information about what the American war machine, these companies together with the US state, are doing around the world, the majority of people in whose name and with whose tax dollars this is being done will remain ignorant of this reality. But with that information, we have to take action. That action has to take the form of protest, of direct action, in the form that Code Pink has championed for so many years now and so effectively. We need to look to more legal advocacy to ensuring that more companies, more representatives of the state and more individuals are held accountable in courts of law for their actions and for the consequences of the weapons that they produce around the world. But there is another tool, an incredibly powerful tool. A tool that was instrumental in bringing down the apartheid regime in South Africa, and that is the tool of divestment. As a South African who fought in the struggle against apartheid, who was privileged to be a representative of the South African people in our first parliament. I know only too well the important role that divestment from the apartheid economy and from the apartheid war machine, the impact that that had on bringing about an end to over 350 years of institutionalized and legalized racism. A tool that worked so effectively around the world to bring about that change is a tool that we have to try in the United States context. Therefore, the call from this summit to divest from the war machine, to divest from those companies who produce the weapons and tools of war that are killing tens of thousands of innocent civilians around the world is a call whose time has come. It is for this reason that I, as a South African who fought against apartheid, as a South African who served under Nelson Mandela in that country's first democratic government. I call with all my energy, with all my passion, and with all my commitment for a meaningful divestment from the US war machine. I wish you at the summit every success and I look forward to being a part of this absolutely crucial campaign as it goes forward from the summit.

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Ben Nelson, Minerva Project | CUBE Conversation March 2020

Ben Nelson, CEO and Chairman of Minerva Project, sits down with Jeff Frick for a remote CUBE Conversation. #CUBEConversation #theCUBE https://siliconangle.com/2020/04/10/minerva-projects-online-learning-approach-challenges-conventional-wisdom-in-higher-education-cubeconversations/ Minerva Project’s online learning approach challenges conventional wisdom in higher education With a majority of schools and institutions of higher learning around the world currently operating in virtual space, there may be no better opportunity for programs geared from the start for online education. And one of those programs is the Minerva Project. Started in 2012, Minerva was created with the goal of reinventing higher education in the U.S. It sells its online curriculum and technology platform to other schools and offers accredited undergraduate and masters programs through Minerva Schools at KGI. Minerva is seeking to deliver learning programs while promoting a comprehensive reform of educational systems. “We nurture critical wisdom for the sake of the world,” said Ben Nelson (pictured), chairman and chief executive officer of Minerva Project Inc. “We think a wiser world is a better world; wisdom is the core goal of education. Higher education is the area that is both most in need of transformation and also one that we’re most capable of influencing.” Nelson spoke with Jeff Frick, host of theCUBE, SiliconANGLE Media’s livestreaming studio. They discussed how Minerva is addressing perceived flaws in the current system of higher education, the benefits of data generated through online instruction, and job placement for its first graduating class. Challenging core beliefs and breaking down silos Transforming the current system of higher education involves challenging the core beliefs in a university’s purpose. With the invention of the printing press in the 15th century and more modern systems of online communication today, Minerva is prepared to challenge a model built around the dissemination of knowledge. “Universities exist to create and disseminate knowledge; that’s why they were founded a thousand years ago and that’s why they exist today,” Nelson said. “After the printing press and after the internet, the concept of a university being needed to disseminate knowledge as its core mission seems kind of crazy. It can’t be that’s what universities are for, but effectively they’re still structured in that way.” Online learning generates data, specific metrics around previous courses, and what concepts and learning were provided to students. This is one of the gaps that Minerva is seeking to fill in the current system where many courses exist in silos and there is no baseline data for what has been previously taught. “How many times have we been in the ‘102 class’ where, in the first month, all the professor did was repeat what happened in the ‘101 class’ because they didn’t feel comfortable that you actually learned it?” Nelson asked. “That’s because education is done offline with no data. If you have education in a data-rich environment, you can actually design a cross-cutting curriculum. And once you have institutional knowledge, you can use technology to deliver a solution wide education.” There were signs, even before the coronavirus pandemic gripped the world and disrupted traditional education, that Minerva’s approach was beginning to gain traction. The project successfully raised $57 million in a series C round last year, led by Bytedance, known for its popular TikTok video sharing app. Minerva also recently announced a partnership with a fully accredited private online school and graduated its first class. “We had a 94% placement rate in jobs,” Nelson said. “These are often the types of jobs that are unavailable to recent undergraduates. It’s not because they were born with it. They actually had a wise education.” Here’s the complete video interview, one of many CUBE Conversations from SiliconANGLE and theCUBE: #theCUBE #MinervaProject #SiliconANGLE

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From theCUBE Studios in Palo Alto in Boston, connecting with thought leaders all around the world, this is a CUBE Conversation. Hey, welcome back already. Jeff Frick here with theCUBE. We're in our Palo Alto Studios today having a CUBE Conversation. Nobody can really travel, conference seasons that are all kind of on hold or going to digitals. There's a lot of interesting stuff going on, but thankfully we got the capability to invite some of our community in. We're really interested in hearing from some of the leaders that we have in the community about what's going on in their world and what they're telling their people and what can we learn. So we're excited to have a good friend of mine. We went to business school together. God, it seems like it was over 20 years ago. He's Ben Nelson, the chairman and CEO of the Minerva project. Ben, great to see you and welcome. Thanks so much, great to be here. Yeah, so you have always been kind of a trailblazer. I mean, way back in the day, they've only had like two jobs in all this time, you know, kind of changing the world of digital photography with Snapfish. Three or four, three or four, yeah. And after a really long run, you made this move to start something new in education, really to, you know, education's a big hairy monster. There's a lot of angle and you started the Minerva project and I can't believe I looked before we got on today that that was nine years ago. So tell us about the Minerva project, how you got started, kind of what's the mission and then we'll get into it. Yeah, so Minerva exists and it sounds somewhat lofty for an organization, but we do exist to serve this mission, which is to nurture critical wisdom for the sake of the world. So we think a wiser world is a better world. We think that really wisdom is the core goal of education and we decided that higher education is the area that is both most in need of transformation and also one that we're most capable of influencing. And so we set about actually creating our own university, demonstrating an example of what a university can do and then helping tool other institutions to follow in the footsteps of them. And it's a really interesting take. There's often times we're told where you say if a time traveler came here from 1776, right, and walked around and would look at the way we drive, look at the way we communicate, look at the way we transact business, all these things would be so new and novel inventive. If you walked him over to Stanford or Harvard, you'd feel right at home. So the education is still kind of locked into this way that it's always been. So for you to kind of take a new approach, I mean, I guess it did take actually starting your own school to be able to execute and leverage some of these new methods and tools versus trying to move what is a pretty, kind of hard to move institutional base. Yeah, absolutely. And it's also because we have to remember that universities as an institution started before the printing press. So if you go and talk to pretty much any university president and ask him or her, what is the mission of a university? Generically, forget your university or what have you. And they'll say, well, generically, universities exist to create and disseminate knowledge. That's why they've been founded 1,000 years ago and that's why they exist today. And the creation of knowledge, I think there's a good argument to be made that the research mission of a university is important for the advancement of society and that it needs to be supported, certainly directly in that regard. So much of the innovation that we benefit from today came from university labs and research and that's an important factor. But the dissemination of knowledge is a bit of an odd thing. I mean, before the printing press, sure. Yeah, I mean, kind of hard to disseminate knowledge except for if you gather a whole bunch of people in a room and pocket them, maybe they scribble notes very quickly, well, that's a decent way of disseminating knowledge because they can, one mouth to many pieces of paper and then they can read it later or study it. I guess that makes sense, that's somewhat efficient. But after the printing press and certainly after the internet, the concept of the university needing to disseminate knowledge as its core mission seems kind of crazy. It can't be that that's what universities are for, but effectively they're still structured in that way and I don't think any university president would actually challenge in that way would argue the point. They would say, oh, yes, of course, well, what we really need to do is teach people how to use knowledge or evaluate knowledge or make sure that we communicate effectively or understand how that knowledge can interact with other pieces of knowledge and create new ways of thinking, et cetera. But that isn't the dissemination of knowledge and that isn't the way that universities are actually structured. But it's funny that you say that, even before you get to whether they should be still trying to disseminate knowledge, they're not even using the new tools now that they had the printing press come along to disseminate knowledge. You know, it's really interesting as we're going through this time right now with the coronavirus and a lot of things that were kind of traditional or moving in to digital and this new tool called Zoom, which it never fails to amaze me, how many people are having their first Zoom call ever, right? I mean, how long ago was Skype? How long ago was WebEx? These tools have been around for a really interesting time, a long time, but now kind of a critical mass of technology that anybody can flip their laptop up or their phone and go. You know, you guys, just in terms of a pure kind of tools play, took advantage of the things that are available here in 2020 and 2019. So I wonder if you can share with the folks that don't have experience kind of using remote learning and remote access, you know, what are some of the lessons you learned? What are some best practice? What should people kind of think about what's capable and the things you can do with digital tools that you can't do when you're trying to get everybody in a classroom together at the same time? Right, so I think first and foremost, there's kind of the nuts and bolts, the basics, right? So one of the things that, you know, education environments have always been able to get away with is when you've got everyone in a room and, you know, you're kind of cutting them off from the rest of life, you sometimes don't realize that we are talking into thin air, right? That maybe speaking students aren't actually listening, they're not absorbing what you're saying, but, you know, they have to show up at least in K-12 and in higher ed, they don't bother showing up. And so the, you know, 15 people that do wind up showing up from the 100 person lecture, I guess you do, you say, oh, well, at least they're listening. But the reality is that when you're online, you're competing with everything. You're competing with the next tab, you're competing with just not showing up, it's so much easier to just, you know, open up some game or something, some YouTube video. And so you've got to make this engaging. Making and engaging isn't about being entertaining. And that's actually one of the major problems of assessing who is a good professor and who isn't. You know, people look at student reviews, right? They say, oh, you know, such and such, we're such a great professor. But when you actually track student reviews of professors to learning outcomes, there's a slight negative correlation, right, which means that the more, the better the students believe the professor is, actually that is an indicator that they've learned a little bit less. Now, that's really bizarre, but when, you know, going intuitively, but when you actually think about it deeply, you realize that entertaining students isn't the job of a professor, it's actually teaching them. It's actually getting them to think through the material. And learning is hard, it's not easy. And so you have to bring some of those techniques of engagement into online and you can do that, but it requires a lot of interactivity. So that's aspect number one. But really the much bigger idea isn't that you just do what you do offline and then put it online, right? Technology isn't at its best when it mimics what you do without it, right? You know, it doesn't, you know, technology didn't build an exact replica of the horse. Right, right, right. Ride that, right, doesn't make any sense, right? Instead, what technology should do is things you cannot do offline. One of the things that worked 300, 400 years ago is that you could study a subject matter in full. One professor, one teacher, they teach you pretty much everything that people needed to know in a given field. In fact, the fields themselves were collapsed, right? Science, mathematics, you know, you know, ethics were all put under this idea called philosophy. Philosophy was everything, right? And so there's really, we didn't have much to learn, but today, because we have so much information and so many tools to be able to process through that information, what happens is that education gets atomized and you know, when you go through a college education, you're, you know, being taught by 25, 30, 30 some different professors. But one professor really has no idea what you've learned previously. Even when you're there in a 101, 102 sequence, how many times have we been in kind of the 102 class where in the first month, all the professor did was repeat what happened in the 101 class because they didn't feel comfortable that you actually learned it or that the professor before them taught it the way they wanted it taught. Right, right. And that's because education is done offline with no data. If you actually have education in a data-rich environment, you can actually design cross-cutting curricula. You can shift the professor's role from disseminating knowledge, actually having students or mentoring students and guiding them on how to apply that knowledge. And so once you have institutional views of curricula, you can use technology to deliver an institution-wide education, not by teaching you a way of thinking or a set of content, but giving you a set of tools that broadly any professor can agree on and then apply them to whatever context professors want to present. And that creates a much more holistic education and it's one that can only be done using technology. Ben, that was a mouthful. You got into all kinds of good stuff there. So let's break some of it down that was fascinating. I mean, I think the asynchronous versus synchronous opportunity if you will to, as you said, kind of atomize education into the creation of content, the distribution of content and more importantly, the consumption of content. Because why should I have to change my day if the person I want to hear is only available next Tuesday at noon Pacific, right? It makes no sense anymore. And the long tail opportunities for this content that lives out there forever is pretty interesting. But it's a very interesting kind of point of view if you assume that all the knowledge is already out there and now your job as an educator is to help train people to critically think about what's out there. How do I incorporate that? What are the things I should be thinking about when I'm integrating that into my decision? That's a very different way. And as you said, everything is an alt tab away that literally the whole world is an alt tab away from that webinar. Very good stuff. And the other piece I want to get your take on is really kind of lifetime learning. And I didn't know that you guys are, you know, kind of applying some of your principles. Oh my goodness, why don't you actually like, measure effectiveness of teaching and measure how long people hang out in the class and measure whether it's good or not. But you're applying this really now in helping companies do digital transformation. And I think coming at that approach from a shift in thinking is really a different approach. I was just looking at an Andy Jassy keynote from a couple of years ago yesterday and he talked about the A number one thing digital transformation is a buy in at senior leadership and a top down priority. So, you know, what do you see in some of your engagements? How are you applying some of these principles to help people think about change differently? Yeah, you know, I think recessions are a very telling time for corporate learning, right? And if you notice, what is the first budget that gets cut when economic times get tough? It's the, you know, employee learning and development, right? Those budgets just get decimated right off the bat. And that's primarily because employees don't see much value out of it and employers don't really measure the impact of those things. You know what I'm saying? Oh my God, this is such an incredible program. My employees were able to do X before this program and then they were able to do 1.5X afterward. You know, if people had that kind of training program in the traditional system, then they would be multi-billion dollar behemoths in this space and they really are not. And that's because again, most of education is done in content land. And it's usually very expensive and the results are not very good. Instead, if you actually think about learning in tools as opposed to information and then applying those tools in your core business, all of a sudden you can actually see transformation. And so when we do executive education programs as an example, you know, we ask our learner, right? How much of what you've learned can you apply to your job tomorrow, right? And we see the overwhelming majority of our students are saying something like more than 80 to 90% of what they learned, they can apply immediately. Wow, that's impressive. That's useful, right? And why do you think, is it just kind of institutional stuck in the mud? I mean, is it the wrong incentive structure? I mean, you're talking about very simple stuff, right? Why don't you actually measure outcomes and adjust accordingly? You know, use a data-centric methodology to improve things over time. You know, use digital tools in ways that they can get you more than you could do in a physical space. I mean, is it just inertia? You know, I really think this is a watershed moment because now everybody is forced in using these tools, right? And there's a lot of, you know, kind of psychology around habits and habit-forming. And if you use something for a certain amount of time every single day, you know, it becomes a habit. And if these stay-in-place orders, which in my mind, I think we are going to be doing it for a while, you know, kind of change people's behavior and the way they use technology to interact with other folks. You know, it could be a real, you know, kind of turning point in everyone's opening eyes that digital is different than physical. It's not exactly the same. There's some things in physical that are just better. But, you know, there's a whole realm of things in digital that you cannot do when you're bound by time, location, and space. Exactly right. That's right. And I think the reason that it's so difficult to shift the system is because the training of people in the system, and I'm speaking specifically about higher education, really has nothing to do with education. Think about how a university professor becomes a university professor. How do they show up in a classroom? They get a bachelor's degree, where they don't learn anything about how to teach or how the mind works. They get a PhD, in which they learn nothing about how to teach or how the mind works. They do a post-doctoral research fellowship, where they research in their field, right? Then they become an associate professor or an assistant professor and non-tenure, right? And in order to get tenure, they've got seven years in order to make it on a publishing track because how they teach is irrelevant. And they don't get any formal training on how to teach or how the brain works, right? Then they become, you know, a junior tenured professor, a full-tenured professor, right? And then maybe they become an administrator, right? And so if you think about it, all they know is their field. And I've had conversations with academics, which is, which are, to me, be fuddling in the sense that, you know, they'll say, oh, you know, everyone should learn how to think like a historian. Oh no, everyone should learn to think how, like an economist. Everyone should learn to think like a physicist. And you kind of unpack it and you say, well, why? There's, oh, well, because we deploy tools that nobody else deploys and it's so great, right? And so it's, okay, give me an example. I had this conversation with a university president who was a historian and that president said, look, you know, what we do is we look at, you know, primary source materials hundreds of years ago and learn to interpret what they say to us and ascertain truths from that. That's an incredibly important skill. He said, okay, so what you're saying is you examine evidence and evaluate that evidence to see what it can actually tell you. Isn't that what every single scientist, social scientist, no matter what field they're in does? Isn't that what a physicist does? Isn't that what an economist does? Isn't that what a psychologist does, right? Isn't that what an English professor does, right? Actually thinking about, I remember, I took a mini module in my, when I was an undergraduate with Rebecca Bushnell, who was a literature professor, eventually became the dean of the College of Arts and Science at the University of Pennsylvania. And we basically looked at a text written 400 years before and tried to figure out what parts of the text were written by the author, what were transcription errors, and what was censored. That's looking at evidence. This was an English professor. It's the exact same process, but because people know about it in their field and they think the only way to get to it is through their field, as opposed to teaching the tool, they can't get out of their own way. And that's why I think education is so stuck right now. Yeah, that's crazy. And we're all victims of the context in which we look through everything and the lens in which we apply to everything that we see, which is one of my things that there isn't really kind of a truth that's what is your interpretation and that's really what is in your head. But I want to close it out in bed. I really appreciate your time today. It's been a great conversation and really kind of take it back to your mission, which is around critical thinking. There's a lot of conversation lately, this kind of rush to STEM as the thing and there's certainly a lot of great job opportunities coming out of school if you're a data scientist and you can write in R. But what I think is a more interesting conversation is to get out of your own way. Is the critical thinking as the AI and the RPA and all these other things kind of take over more of these tasks and really this higher order need for people to think through complex problems. I mean, like we're going through today, thank God, people who are qualified and could see ahead and saw an exponential curve potential just really causing serious damage when we're still to head into this thing to take aggressive action. Dr. Sarah Cody here locally telling the San Jose sharks, you can't play, that's not an easy decision, but thankfully they did and they had the data. But really just your kind of thoughts on why you prioritize on critical thinking and what you see with your students when they get out into the real world applying critical thinking, not necessarily equations. Yeah. Look, I think there's no better demonstration of how important critical thinking is than when you look at the kinds of advances that STEM is trying to make. What happens any time we get a demonstration of the power of artificial intelligence? Remember a few years ago when Microsoft released its AI engine, smartest engineers working on it and all of a sudden it spat back misogynist, racist types of perspectives. Why? The training set was garbage. It wasn't that the technology was bad. Actually it was amazing technology, but the people who were writing it couldn't think. They didn't know how to think two steps ahead and say, wait a second, if we train the information the kind of the random comments that we see on the internet, who bothers to write anonymous comments? Trolls. And so if you train it on a troll data set, it'll become an artificial intelligent troll. It doesn't take a lot of critical thinking to actually realize that, but it takes some, right? And when you focus merely on those technical skills, what you wind up doing is wasting it, right? And so if you ground people in critical thinking and we see this with our graduates, you know, we graduated our very first class in May and we had what, as far as I can tell is the best graduate school placement of any graduating class in the country, as far as the quality of offers they got. We had a 94% placement rate in jobs and graduate positions, which I think is tied with the very best Ivy League institution and the kinds of jobs that the students are getting and six months into them, the kinds of reviews that their employers are giving us is looks nothing like a recent undergraduate. These are oftentimes types of jobs that are unavailable to recent undergraduates. And, you know, we had one student recently actually just told me, Russian in my mind, even though he's the youngest person in this company, when the CEO of his company has a strategic question, he comes to him. And when he's in a meeting full of PhDs, everybody looks to him to run the meeting and set the agenda, right? He's six months out of undergrad, right? And I can give you story after story after story about each and every one of these graduates. And it's not because they were born with it. They actually had a wise education. Yeah, Ben, well, that's a great story and we'll leave it there. Congratulations again to you and the team at Minerva and what you've built in your first graduating class, great accomplishment and really great to catch up. It's been too long and when this is all over, have to get together and have an adult beverage. That would be wonderful. All right, Ben, thanks a lot. Thanks so much, yeah. All right, you've been watching theCUBE. Great check in with Ben Nelson. Thanks for watching, everybody. Stay safe, we'll see you next time.

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Cooperate Responsibility: Church Built Health Center, School For Enugu Community | NEWS

The people of obolo etiti, in Udenu local government area of Enugu state have been provided socur after, the church of Jesus Christ of latter-day saints, in partnership with a non governmental organization, built two block room and a health center to ease the plight of women and school children living in the area. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Watch More: https://bit.ly/2KLQxbI Watch PlusTV Africa Lifestyle: https://cutt.ly/tbdOHzQ Watch via our Website: https://plustvafrica.com/live-tv Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PlusTVAfrika/ Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/plustvafrica/ Tweet us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/PlusTVAfrica Comment on Whatsapp: http://ow.ly/d4kQ50pT4Bt #PlusTVAfrica #News #NewsOnPlusTvAfrica

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The people of Oboda-e-Titi in Udeni local government area of Inigo State have been provided Suka. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in partnership with a non-governmental organization built a two-block classroom and a health care center to ease the plight of women and school children living in the area. The church which has been in the business of preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ says it is important to ensure a better living to help the spiritual growth. It's a very joyful thing that I did to my mother's community today. It's not easy because they assisted the government. They supposed to be the government, they did help the government, but they came and they was assisted. That's why I came and took care of myself. They saved us some things. I encourage them to be assisted because they are the people who do the work of God. And the assistants will go a very long way in the next few minutes. Having the staff quarters attached to us and having made a request to the HOD of Health and to the chairman of the committee here to bring more staff to the place, they will be able to assist us easily without having to go very far because I think the nearest health facility should be two kilometers or three kilometers from here. This is actually a project handled by the IDS charity. To help humanity, help the children of God and alleviate their sufferings. To be able to pay hunger and lead to these experiences. But the duty of humanity is to alleviate these things, make it to have more relief. And don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.

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WikiDev Summit 2016: Service oriented architecture

Service-oriented architecture A session at the Wikimedia Developer Summit 2016, January 4-6, 2016, San Francisco. More information about this session: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T114803

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So, two years ago we had a discussion at the Dev Summit about moving towards a service-oriented architecture and the main arguments that were brought up were around decoupling teams, establishing interfaces between teams and services, improving security by isolating functionality and reducing the privilege each service has to the bare minimum, testing, improving testing by having these interfaces to test again rather than have one big monolithic application, fault isolation so that if one service goes down only ideally a particular feature is affected rather than the entire site, then an increased ability to leverage other platforms and projects so we can use existing libraries tools even if they are not in PHP and finally have an incremental path towards narrow interfaces from the monolithic, fairly monolithic application we have in Mediawiki. Two years later we have a lot more services now. The green ones are basically new since Passlead as one of the things that people see of them as one of the services was already deployed by then. So, we got Mathlead which is using Mathjax, mostly it's basically a super thin wrapper on Mathjax and that is maintained by a separate foundation. We have Graphlead wrapping Vega, again third-party client-side code, Saitoid which is wrapping Zotero which we are not super happy with but at least it got us started which is actually a browser plug-in usually, was it a browser plug-in. Yeah, a couple others that we built ourselves like REST Base and it is query service, ORS uses machine learning things in Python. We get a query service, uses a Graph database, Quantran translation is a NodeJS service, offline content generators and NodeJS service which is generating PDFs when you click on this article as PDF that is basically what is producing that and finally reading has created a service to massage content for the apps and increasingly also the web experience. And Event Bus is the latest arrival which is a small wrapper around Kafka and Event Bus, Event Queue. And there's a couple more in the pipeline like Thumbboard, using Thumbboard for Thumbnailing. It's an existing Python Thumbnailing service and security I know is considering to move out password storage and into a separate service to minimize the code that has access to this information. And there's discussion about maybe having an API-driven front-end service. And there's a couple more services that we don't typically consider services that are mainly maintained by third parties, but there's also a couple of new ones like Elasticsearch, Kisandra, Logsash, Kafka and of course MariaDB, MySQL, Epachi, the classics, Varnish. So a lot of services actually and a lot of them new. So what has worked well? This is a couple of things that I came up with. I think the clear interfaces that we defined APIs have helped the couple development. Early on for example in Parsuite we had one team developing the parsing side in Parsuite and one team working on visual editor. And there was an interface in between. There was a DOM spec that allowed both teams to coordinate at this boundary and test independently at this boundary and so on. So I think that has overall worked well. And we even had third party users use these APIs for things that we didn't foresee. So content translation, for example, came out of that, out of an experiment that third party users just set up. Testing is working generally fairly well. I think most of these bigger third parties, bigger services have pretty good test coverage, like RaspBase and Parsuite and so on. There's mocking that we're doing to basically mock out existing API calls and so on. And in some cases we just use the existing infrastructure, just hit production basically. We used quite a few third party projects that are already mentioned. We got to share some things between client and server, including both code and skills. For isolation we had cases where services like OCG went down and it only affected the PDF render feature. It didn't bring out the entire site, even though it was a catastrophic failure for that service. That is a good thing. If we basically it doesn't make a deploy potentially everything breaks because one minor feature had an issue problem. Then we had open swagger, open API specs. So they are now renamed. The Linux foundation actually adopted the swagger spec and it's now under their auspices, I guess, and renamed. We use that for API documentation and generate documentation and there's also derived monitoring, testing and client generation. So you can run basically a tool to generate a Python client for an API that makes it easy to interact with based on the spec. And we have managed to share some infrastructure across services by standardizing a couple of things like service runner, service template node that is a project to make it easy to get started building a node.js based service. And there's a puppet module that is used across these services by exploiting this uniform interface. Issues. There's also it's not all awesome. Basically bug number zero. Documentation could be better. And infrastructure could also always be better and more streamlined. That's a perennial thing and so we are working on that. It's not an unfixable problem but it takes time. Installation and maintenance for third party users is something we haven't really, we have mostly ignored for quite a while. We didn't really have a plan for how to tackle that. And recently we've created a Docker based prototype that basically makes it easy to install and keep a media wiki install up to date. That is very early days and we don't have a clear ownership for that and we don't have any resources for it officially so it's a side project at this point. But I do think that we need to figure out who owns this and what our strategy for this is. We had a session about it yesterday and she'll presented a straw man there that we might, that we could consider setting, basically solving this problem and then setting a date at which we say we don't support PHP only installs anymore. We now require services. They have become part of media wiki and that requires us to actually solve this and demonstrate that it's solved. So I think we need to actually get serious about it, make a plan, get the resources in place and do it. And tell everybody that they're committed to that rather than it's just an experiment. Then ownership and responsibility for some services is not clear. That is not necessarily super special to services. That's an issue in other code as well. But it needs to be solved nevertheless. One example is LCG. It's a service that was started with a lot of time pressure because some other data center depended on the shutdown of a data center depended on this being ready and now there's no clear team owning this and we basically need to find a process to either find a new owner to adopt the service and to take on the responsibility of fixing issues and also get the freedom to actually make decisions that are necessary. And those are often product decisions like do we need PDF rendering or how good does PDF and rendering need to be? And those are prioritization and resource allocation questions that's not just technical questions. And so we need to make sure that the team that owns such a service and has the responsibility to run it also can make these decisions I think. Ultimately it's about lining incentives I think if you build it you run it kind of. So if you mess up and build something unreliable you will get the pager and I will actually teach you very quickly. That's a nice talk by Randy Schup. The slides are linked from the talk description so if you want to have a look there's a link. It goes into depth about the lining incentives and nudging people in the right direction making it easy to do the right thing rather than have a central big planning thing. And now I'm done. So discuss. This is Matt Flaschen regarding like being able to develop things in new programming languages and environments I think that's definitely a benefit in some cases because it allows you to use a tool that's better for the job. But on the other hand having like a wide variety of programming languages and environments in use impose a greater maintenance cost in the long run so that has to be considered by the overall organization and ecosystem and considering balancing the need for maintainability with the need to use the best tool for the job or which considered the best tool for the job. So I think we need to bear that in mind. That was something that was pushed by ops especially initially that we should limit the number of platforms that we support because there's a cost to supporting each of those. And right now we have basically PHP, Python and Node.js primarily. Some Java now but there was a lot of resistance. There's a lot of resistance so. So you just, this is Rob Linefier. You just mentioned the resistance to other programming languages and you're being a champion for us having like basically use the right tool for the job use whatever programming language is appropriate for that particular job. Do you see there being sensible limits to how many programming languages that we would introduce? Yeah, absolutely. I agree with having a limited number because I think the benefits, there's a diminishing returns. I mean if you, what do you gain from having 25 programming languages apart from novelty factor? There's ultimately not that many platforms that actually have decent libraries and so on where there's a strong use case for, or a strong case to be made for using why that is the strongest, best tool for something. I'm not sure that we use the camera for a long time but I think most people are happy that we didn't use, depend on it much anymore because we didn't have a lot of people maintaining it. And we have a lot more JavaScript developers. Hey, thanks for this. I think it's quite excellently put. I think I'm worried by the way, I'm with the performance team. What we should remember is the point is not to have 16 programming languages or 17 programming languages or to identify the precise numerical amount but to, I think, have a shift in our thinking where we put more value on the power that individuals and teams can have when we give them freedom to use their talents and to use their skill and to use their experience in the way that they know as opposed to exercise an exaggerated level of mutual oversight that often leads to a stifling of innovation and a diminution of overall productivity. So, I will definitely say a critique also of services. I don't think we've quite lived up to the security promises that we've done. I feel like we have not done the segmentation that we should do. I think that's a critique of, well, just not having enough time to do it all. So, I think we should keep pushing on that and I would certainly encourage that. On the languages side of things, definitely as we bring in new languages, I like how with Node.js we have a template that we're starting with. I think it's a sane way to start, especially with the security review process. It's easy to say, okay, they're using the services template. I kind of have a basic expectation about how this is going to be, you know, stuff's going to happen here. When we start over fresh with the new Python framework, then we have to start over from scratch and review, do a lot more review to do that. So, I would definitely strongly encourage, let's keep doing templates for anything that we decide we're going to roll out in production. I want to push back a little bit on the team autonomy thing because while teams definitely can work better in the short term, if they have like more autonomy on exactly, I'll use the library I know best because I have experience with that and I think it's a good tool for the job. So, I'm going to add another library to compose and just go ahead and use it. But in the long term, that team is not going to be maintaining that feature forever. People are going to move on, get assigned to a different feature, maybe leave the foundation, stop working on midiwiki. So, the autonomy has to be balanced with the desire to have one ecosystem that we're going to be maintaining long term and have a critical mass of stuff that we're willing and have either the knowledge to maintain or within like touching distance of stuff that we can learn to maintain rather than just everyone picks their own library and has full autonomy of absolutely everything. Yeah, I agree with that also from a vertical perspective. So, with teams like security and the performance team, being able to have more operational insight into different teams, what they're doing, I'm able to assist them when they need help. It's quite important when there's not too many languages at play. I'm Murray Pesser. I'm working with the Department of Agriculture using the midiwiki software. And I didn't see it up here, but I know it's in everybody's thinking that Composer is an important tool to use here. And I'd like to just also say that maybe we should have something that lets us talk to shared hosting providers as well, because not all of our users of midiwiki software are going to be able to get to the command line and use Composer effectively. So, if there's some way to insinuate that into the conversation a little bit, I'd like to do that. Yeah, we had that discussion yesterday to some degree, but I guess the question is if you start from a solution or if you start from I'm a user with these technical skills and I want to spend this much money and I really want to get as much nice functionality and performance as possible. And if you treat it more as a high level optimization problem, then you can kind of choose several solutions and maybe there are some others that like virtual machines that are now coming within reach, but there's also still, yeah, there's problems to be solved there. And I think I personally think that using shared hosting as an environment that we don't control is very difficult to build upon, because we have to deal with a lot of variability and we can't do most of the things that we would like to do while in some other more constrained environments where like a virtual machine with containers, we actually can use very limited effort to by standardizing on a couple of things to provide a lot more functionality for the users. So I personally think that's a more promising approach, but yeah, I take your point on that. I think that the question I'm going to get is an application developer is going to come from the people that run a data center and they're going to say what do you need for you to build your application here? And if I could hold up a piece of paper that had the whole list on it, that would be very convenient. That's just the way the government's going to do it. Yeah, a recipe. Yeah, I'm Chad. I just want to add to what you said about the, that's the way the government's going to do it. It's also how a lot of private industry is going to want to do it as well. Even if we go the route of, you know, properly packaging everything into a nice container, you know, so it's effectively, you know, throw it on a VM and everything's there for you already contained. That's not how the security review process in government and a lot of private industry, especially like banking industry works. So if we have users in those areas, you know, even though we've built the container for them, they're still going to want to review the different environments that we're then exposing them to at that point. So like if, you know, we have REST based, you know, for example, you know, they're going to want to know, you know, like no JS is going to have to be acceptable in their environment at that point, not just, you know, the core PHP, you know, lamp stack that we have right now. So that's just something to consider as well. Like even if we, even if we make it easy to install, like there's still going to be cognitive overhead for third party users who are going to have concerns about installing these extra things in their environments where they might have, you know, real security concerns as well. So it's just something to keep in mind. It's kind of two ends of the spectrum, like the super lockdown, want to move really slowly. And the other is people who install the wiki ones that never upgrade even if there's major security issues because it's just too hard. And I guess we can maybe focus more on the small installs because I think those have the hardest time keeping up right now. I just want to add to what he said. Forget what his name was. Let's comment a few times ago. I think it was Roy. So I mentioned a few small installs on shared hosting. And I just wanted to add that, like I said, like there's a balance between how much user has access to and how much they are capable as an engineer or side administrator. And there tends to be some connection there but not necessarily there. For example, I manage things in production at wiki media but I also have some shared hosting wikis because I've had them for a long time and it's just convenient to keep them around that way. Also for the customer to not have to have the overhead of restarting the server or something like that. I guess it's very convenient. But I wanted to add that it doesn't necessarily require command on access to install media wiki, right? So if you want to make contributions back upstream, you might need Composer and Git and all those things. But if you just want to install media wiki, aside from all the many shared hosting providers that have a one click install solution which is even easier, even aside from that, we provide tar balls that already include all the component vendors so you wouldn't actually need to run Composer install manually. Like we provide a package that already contains all the PHP file statically rendered for you just to install a new server without a container that is. It's just a tar ball of some PHP files basically. Hi Max. So I would like to point out that in general services are much harder to debug and tune as opposed to just scripts that you drop into a patch root simply because it requires more qualification. You can't simply hack something quickly in a service because it would be harder to get the data out of it so. And I mean even talking about simple sysadmin tasks, not about development, but just you started Parsoid, something goes wrong. I would say that debugging problems in Parsoid would be harder than doing the same for media wiki. Well I guess if you juxtapose a simple script and rather complex service like Parsoid then I agree with you but I think the alternative is not that but one huge blob of a lot of complex functionality that interacts in random ways and several smaller blobs that do complex things but they are relatively smaller and their interactions are easier to understand because you can look at the traffic and their interfaces. So that's basically what this is aiming at. The scaling issue of how can I still understand what the service does by limiting its scope and defining clear interfaces. So context question, what was the purpose of the meeting? Is it more of an educational or solution finding? So the reason why I ask is it feels like there's just a bunch of laundry lists of complaints right now and I'm wondering if you wanted more of a let's talk about what we should do next type conversation because in my view from release engineering I think services are going well, the only things that I'm really wanting to see improved from my perspective is kind of things that you're wanting to improve which is the ownership and you get the pages, you get responsibility but also who's responsible for what, so going through that, doing that exercise of who's responsible for which services, what's the actual person's name, not even a team, a name or team, whatever, but that kind of conversation and I think that might help push forward some of these other aspects that people are complaining about languages or whatever that might make those conversations actually practical at that point. More accountability. Yeah, I think I was hoping to basically see if there's other things that people see or if this is mainly the ones that most people see as pressing and then maybe brainstorm. So I have two things to say, first of all saying that you either have a big monolith blob or a small herd of services is something of a false dichotomy because you can have a well library-ized code that runs in PHP. The second thing that I wanted to say was that I like services for performance and scalability. Not all that fond of having bespoke services that are required for core functionality. And again, that would be a nice case for a PHP library that we could use in core or we could use from a service that's running in PHP for higher scalability and performance. But I don't think that that has been considered at all by anybody. That's a recurring discussion, I guess. Could be right past it in PHP, basically. We had that a couple times yesterday and it's not easy. There's no, as Subu mentioned, Subu here. Subu, do you want to say something? Closing words? If this is specifically about parsoid, I said this yesterday. So right now, even today, there is no HTML5 parser in PHP, so we cannot do it. We cannot do parsoid in PHP. That's all I have to say about that right now. I just have one question. Is there a HTML5 parser in C or C++? There are some, but interfacing them with PHP. Okay, why not make a PHP? Sorry. I apologize. Why not make a PHP module or a Apache module that interfaces with those? We actually investigated that. Anyway. I did sort of review a whole lot of HTML5 libraries, including looking at the C and C++ modules. And really, there aren't many. The one that is in Mozilla is actually generated code. It's generated C++ code, which depends on a whole lot of random stuff throughout the Mozilla Firefox code base. So you can't really easily split it out and put it in a library. So really, there aren't C, C++ options for HTML5 parsers. There is actually a PHP option. It's not perfect. It would need a couple of months of work probably. But yeah, it's not far off.

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URI#01 What makes a good tutorial?

unfa rambling indefinitely #01 I'm talking about what got me started with video tutorials, and what I think is wrong with most of the ones I see people making. This new video series will be all about me sharing my mind about music production, open-source software and being an artist in general. · Links: Synth Secrets - the on-line version of articles by Gordon Reid: https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/synth-secrets Synth Secrets - complete PDF version: http:/goo.gl/bK9NWu How to Bass - tutorial series by SeamlessR: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEC1FFC318383DAE0 Boy in a Band tutorials - I mostly recommend the 7-day song tutorials: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qT0a7irTYY0&list=PL2AAC755576C11728 · · · If you feel thankful, you can support me on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/unfa Or via PayPal: http://www.paypal.me/unfa Also check out my discography on Bandcamp: http://unfa.bandcamp.com My Soundcloud: http://soundcloud.com/unfa And my Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/unfamusic

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Hey, it's Anfa. Today, I want to talk about What are good video tutorials or what are good tutorials at all? There was a video I wanted to make for a long time and I wanted to title it Stop Making Bad Tutorials I thought that maybe it's a bit too negative and discouraging and I don't want to be discouraging. I want to be inspiring And by the way, I'm recording this a foot because There's a huge traffic jam, and I just don't want to spend all my All the time sitting in the bus So I prefer to do something creative instead and I have a walk for the last two kilometers or something to my home So I was thinking Why did I start making tutorials about music production and sound design where there are there are a few reasons One of them is because 90% of the video tutorials about sound design I could find Were teaching me nothing They were never explaining anything They were never showing any intermediate results to let me understand What are the steps with the sound design and they They they never explain how the sound works Why did they set the parameters the way they did? all they do is just Take a look at the screenshot of a preset and then dial it up as I watch. It's like it's literally almost No more helpful than being handed the preset and if I wanted a preset I wouldn't search for a tutorial I want to learn how to create the sound and I want to learn how this work For example, you know, if if I were to make a bad tutorial for a Reese base I will just let you sit in front of the of the computer and watch me dial in two saw waves Detune them and then I don't know it's some distortion and say nothing and then play the sound at the very very end Or even not play the sound because there are tutorials even that bad They don't even play the final sound Or they play you a track with the sound but not the sound itself Or they play a modified version of the sound That you never heard and you have no idea what what the what they really did really so I think that There are a few people who could do this right and who make tutorials that really teach That really make you understand why a sound works the way it works There are some people who make it better or worse and you know, it all depends on What do you look for and what is the level of knowledge and? understanding of the basic things and the more the less basic things of how synthesizes work the more you know The more you can figure out looking at what somebody is doing, but when you know nothing you need to be told Why are they doing this? This is why my videos are very long usually and this is why they usually explain too much I feel that sometimes I explain the basics over and over because I keep this in the back of my head that there might be someone watching or a lot of People watching who never ever used a synthesizer before or They first time see what the nuts of effects is or the first time want to make some music and if I don't explain anything They will be turned off. They will be they will be just Man, this is too hard. I'm just gonna I don't know get back to playing the hotel or see us go and I don't want that I want people to get inspired and I want people to To get grasp the understanding of how the synthesizers work because if you know how they work You then it sparkles ideas you start you start thinking what you can do How you can influence the way they work To get something that you want, but you need to understand how they work And I think that someone who got this really good is Gordon ride and He has created one of the best resources for sound design and using synthesizers. I Know it's like it's he created an encyclopedia of sound design and So he wrote a series of articles called Synth secrets and they were published in sound on sound magazine. They were printed in They were printed and then also they were digitally released on their website And this is what I read. I read the version of the website However, recently I found that there is also a PDF of the text version of the printed version Which is really nice. It looks better. It is better readable. It's it has better Readability it has better images. It barely generally flows better. So I'm probably gonna drop a link for that because it's I just keep this on my phone all the time because If you're bored, and you don't know what to do, we just read this So the thing that Gordon does is he explains The synthesizer work Very deeply he goes way deeper than I could ever go because he even explains how the electronic circuits work That create the sounds so when he talks about filters For example He not only says, okay, they are filters and they work By removing parts of the spectrum to create new sounds like you know most people would stop there and go now Let's make some filter sweeps. No, he says But how do these filters work and it he says it's not very simple really It's much more complicated than you think and the way it works influences the way that the synthesizer sound and What he's for example says is that you don't like people If you use a MOOG filter or MOG, I don't know MOG filter on Korg oscillator it's gonna sound like a MOG synthesizer if you use a MOG oscillator and put it through and Korg Filter it's gonna sound like a Korg synthesizer. So the filters are very important and you can do them in Vastly different ways every single analog filter design sounds different and you might think that Actually, what's the video by isotope about their Pro-Q Plugins. No not isotope. Sorry. It was fab filter. No, sorry. It wasn't this it was the mastering show Anyway, I heard someone say that all digital EQs sound the same and The general differences the most notable differences are how the UI is laid out and What are the features are for example some semi-Qs have mid-side processing some only process the Left and right the same and some allow you to you know process the left and right channels and mid and side channels independently or Some have some other fancy features Or some have nice analyzer and a nice spectrum analyzers built in so you can better See what your sound is doing and what your EQ is doing and that helps you assess if your decisions are objectively right or not And that's you know, that's all fine and dandy but The filters are Not the same It's not like you have just one University used implementation of an analog filter in a digital domain and they all do the same thing. No You can have dozens of types of filters and dozens of types Implementations and you can tune the polls differently and you can achieve very very different sounds You know, for example, I never understood why people keep rambling on about the filters And why they're so ecstatic about them Until I I Was working in a little film studio The guy turned out to be a thief basically he owes me money and he owes much more money to many more people But that's another question and I worked on a Mac and I didn't have access to Zenits of FX So I had to use other instruments and I started using tall Noisemaker which is an open source of course an open source plug-in because what else would I be do would I be using? to make music for commercials and things and I finally I Like I tried it before but I didn't understand where is the where's the coolness like why people are so Excited about the synthesizer is just a synthesizer. It's like works more or less like a normal analog synth It's quite limited. I would say but when I was you know Lost at sea with it for two three months. I discovered that actually the filter Sounds different than what I used before The filter has a little bit in stability the the cutoff frequency is wiggling around very slightly But it adds this analog warms to the sound and it has Distortion and itself oscillates. I think it self oscillates if you turn the Q high enough and that's what you get with analog Synthesizers, but digital synthesizers rarely self-oscillate with the filters They rather try to keep the keep the filters in the resonance Tamed so you don't destroy your ears while using them as we might as you might have experienced on another video about synthesizing and water stream sound effects and some effects in unfair vlog Because then I discovered that filters where they have high-Q digital filters not not sure about the analog ones physical in the units, you know circuits That digital filters when you when they have high Q and they move very quickly They start to become unstable and they produce very very loud sounds like no plus 100 decibels Mark McCurry told me this when I asked him if this is a bug and he says no This is how digital filters behave. That's why we have to limit the Q to to avoid this Again filters differ. Anyway, this is like going in-depth and Gordon ride goes in-depth. He shows you how the hardware works and He never he doesn't you know if I want a preset for massive. I would look for a preset for massive But he doesn't use any particular synthesizer He uses different synthesizers as example tools that can achieve something or that can't achieve something and he explains Why this synthesizer can't do this sound or can't do certain aspects of that sound because it lacks Some functionality that we need He uses the modular Way of thinking he shows he draws you diagrams with blocks with oscillators filters envelope generators, etc and He shows you ideas about sound design about generating and processing signals to achieve a certain sound It's a it's a series of articles, man He doesn't play a single sound and It's freaking thrilling dude. I'm reading this like comedy like sorry. I'm reading this like a thriller I'm reading this like I'm watching Hitchcock dude and This is amazing because Gordon ride makes you understand why sounds work But he also shows you why it's not so simple as you think it's not just with twisting this knobs there Then turning this up to 11 and boom. No He makes you understand and he also shows you The mindset behind trying to imitate real-world sounds with synthesizers because when he says for example how to synthesize a string ensemble He he shows you different approaches or how to synthesize a piano sound he shows you different approaches and he walks you through a process of getting the results he walks you through the process of of discovering what works what doesn't work and why he makes you think he makes you Guess he makes you Decide what you what you think will work and we're not work and he shows you the truth But he uncovers it slowly and he makes you engaged and he gives you Also the mindset for discovery for trying to figure it out on your own So when you read for this, it's not only that you know how to synthesize certain sounds Because that's what most majority of the video tutorials on the internet will do they will show you how to synthesize a certain sound But they will not explain you how it works and why would you do this and how to do it with another synth Well, he shows you an universal way of doing these sounds one negative thing is that well first? It's an article serious, so we have to read through and to It lacks most of the complex weird Sounds that we love so much about the modern electronic dance music like there is no race basis. There's no There's no no easier sound design there, but it's very very helpful and I reference that most I reference that often just to refresh myself and I looked it up many times like an encyclopedia to for example understand how a Hyatt sound can be made without using noise and that basically gives you more interesting results and Sounds better and for example the TR 909 hi-hat is so common hi-hat and ride Everybody just uses it. I I have people playing a radio all day and at work and this hi-hat is there like and What they did it's they used square waves Like six or eight oscillators tuned to different frequencies and then then a high-pass this and This is this is the tone. This is the metallic resonating tone of the hi-hat and And the Anyway, it's amazing So what I want to say is please make good tutorials That is go in-depth Understand why the sound is created how the synthesizer makes the sound Play intermediate results if you're making a sound, please play press the key tap the key on your keyboard or Click on with the mouse to let the user hear what are we where are we at right now? Play him the basic patch then turn something play then turn something else play let him hear what you changed Because if you turn 20 things and then in the end you play the sound way they know nothing about what the sound is Really made of They're just presented with their ready result and they can say okay cool fine now I can just paste it then copy and then a button in my track and make awesome beats a yo but they know nothing about the synthesizing process and That just sucks man That's why I'm making videos to go in-depth also I'm making videos to show that open-source software is capable of producing awesome things awesome music And that it should be taken seriously and that it can take this is that that it can take me That it can't be taken seriously For music professionals and I think our door and a couple of other tools like mix Are are the good examples that that you can really do quality stuff with these things with these programs and I don't know. I want this to develop because These tools enabled me to make music. I wanted to make And I know it could be easier if I just bought Cubase and Mac I actually could afford it if I wanted but I don't want I think taking the hard way is Often way more beneficial and I've been doing this for a long time in my life Choosing the harder way to get somewhere for example I I decided to stop using drum samples other people made and start trying to synthesize my own drums And I'm teaching you how I synthesize the drums because I think that's That's a longer path, you know, most people just download some drum samples and they go Sure, you can do this but I don't know. I think it's great fun and when you finally learn how to synthesize these things You can synthesize your sounds how you want you can make kicks that are fat And low you can make kicks that are short and high you can make kicks that are Forty and and blurby and you can make snappy acoustic like sounding kicks And you can make snares that are high and pitched and and whine you can make snares that sound like you you're doing a rimshot You can do anything It's raining Anyway, I'm rambling for way too long right now. I wonder I wonder if making these videos is a good idea Kind of inspired by other youtubers making vloggy things I don't know Anyway, uh, maybe I should buy a gopro By the way many thanks to new patreons. I don't remember them, but I might insert a A text or a record oh what a droplet just fell on the camera Or insert. I just want to say Oh, that's a better background I want to say thank you because I want to make Great music with open source software and I want to show people how to do it because I want to hear Great music made with open source software. I want to see this community of open source musicians develop And we're gonna meet to that together At sony conference convention. Sorry, uh in cune No, sorry, it's cune. Yes cune Uh, germany in november I'm gonna be there. I'm gonna make a talk. We're gonna make some music together jam on synthesizers and Yeah If you if you have time you can you can jump there And if you would like to see more videos like this you can subscribe Or if you think the world needs videos like this Maybe tell me in the comments You think it sucked. He'll tell me why it sucked and what can I do differently and better Apart from buying a better camera Because well, that's kind of obvious Ah, shit I need a freaking windscreen because this mic is a rare bear. You see I'm using a I'm zoom h2, which is very old and it was everywhere with me like Oh man He's like my best friend. I mean not literally because he's a He's a audio recorder but not a person but he's been with me everywhere like everywhere On the plane first time in my life In the mountains everywhere I'm never letting that one go Okay, anyway, if you have any questions or suggestions, please leave them in the comments below And I will see you in the next video Bye

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MLA ਦੀ ਗੁੰਡੇ ਅਨਸਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਵਾਰਨਿੰਗ, ਛੱਡ ਦਿਓ ਇਲਾਕਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਤਾਂ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ 'Encounter' | #local18

MLA ਦੀ ਗੁੰਡੇ ਅਨਸਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਵਾਰਨਿੰਗ, ਛੱਡ ਦਿਓ ਇਲਾਕਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਤਾਂ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ 'Encounter' #ludhiananews #Kulwantsinghsidhu #aappunjab #local18 Find Latest News, Top Headline And breaking news Watch your favorite newspapers News18 Punjab Himachal Haryana websites. For All Live Coverage, Exclusive And Latest News Update, Watch The LIVE TV Of News18 Punjab/Haryana/Himachal, Catch The Latest News LIVE News 18 Punjab/Haryana/Himachal is an exclusive news channel on YouTube which streams news related to Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Nation and the World. Along with the news, the channel also has debates on contemporary topics and shows on special series which are interesting and informative. News18 ਪੰਜਾਬ/हरियाणा/हिमाचल एक क्षेत्रीय न्यूज़ चैनल है जिसपर ਪੰਜਾਬ, हरियाणा, हिमाचल, देश एवं विदेश की खबरें प्रकाशित की जाती हैं | समाचारों क साथ-साथ इस चैनल पर समकालीन विषयों पर वाद-विवाद एवं विशेष सीरीज भी प्रकाशित होती हैं जो की काफी रोचक एवं सूचनापूर्ण हैं | Subscribe to our channel: http://bit.ly/1IMIp73 For Latest news and updates, log on to: https://bit.ly/2Cx91Ok Follow Us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/News18Haryana https://twitter.com/News18Himachal https://twitter.com/News18Punjab Like Us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/News18Haryana/ https://www.facebook.com/News18Himachal/ https://www.facebook.com/News18Punjab

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वल्प्तधुद��ुचार। कर मैं वि नकान का 那 During Mother儿's son, बा सक क्या का ता तवासी सक марना इता। Like that flower is想 out there not like that. भो सोत का या तप्नाव नहींं सकति रायान �richten packed and concentrated by Allah including him in his mind..UA Jubh onions So So So So র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র ounded ounded रे दiment ।еж रशातभी ऱतए�odzi तो को ज मिखत कअ बन रशाए पी � kontrollे जाए creoंcticamente लगत महंगे फाडण् After much effort we will keep cooking .मगl । ज़�on चवद अत DerGO poorer thanאפ वेडिwilles अर tous जचंज्थब उना. उनक जक प्रटे क्ली नónऽो। मसggedे लगत पानद की चाल रगा हैंं। র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র র

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How to Sequence a Genome: 5. Preparing DNA for Sequencing

Animated and narrated segments presenting all the essential steps in sequencing a genome. From the NHGRI's Online Education Kit: Understanding the Human Genome Project.

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The next morning the E. coli cells are broken open to release their DNA. The human DNA is separated from the cell debris and washed clean. Now there are enough copies of the human DNA fragment to set up a sequencing reaction.

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Supervision Newsletter, November 2020 - Radoslav Milenkov

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Винципът на прозрачност е исключително важен за банковата система и водещ принцип са банковият надзор, предвид това, че той донати пазарна дисциплина от една страна и от другая страна в миличето на прозрачност изгражда доверия в банковата система като чия, а в липсата на прозрачност от другая страна би довела до пазарни спекуации и рационални стъркове и разпространение на необосновани слухове, което имало сильно негативен ефект върху системата, това е причината Българска Народна банка поочер 20 години да публикува данни за банковата система като цял и за отделните банки като допълнение към стандартните, лихвени и монетарни статисти, които банката публикува ние сме на мнение като банков на Джордж изключително важно прозрачността да е на лице, защото това дава възможност публика, когато се запознай от една страна със състоянината на банковата система от другата страна да получи надзорните очаквания и ученка на риска, която са присъщи за системата в всеки динумент

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Self-host your visual assets with Free Software Introducing Identihub

by Elio Qoshi At: FOSDEM 2018 Room: K.4.201 Scheduled start: 2018-02-04 11:30:00+01

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Hello everyone Thank you Yeah, I'm a Leo. I'm from Albania. I'm a designer at uni Unis a network measurement censorship tool at the tour project so you can use it to see if there's any Website blocked in your region or country. I'm also a member at the open-lapse hacker space in Tirana and Yes, I met Jan and a few other open-source designers like two three years ago and Wow, there exists something like open-source design. I thought like This wouldn't be possible. So This is when I joined and like just one year later. I started Ura which Which is our own agency with open-source design values So the story was that Two years ago we we were organizing a conference in Albania and Our designers and media sponsors were asking us. Hey, can you send us the logo? Can you send us via email and it was very tiresome for me personally because I was doing that Myself and I was like exporting SVG's EPS into JPEGs PNGs into all different formats and it became very tiresome for me and I I met a guy who was like having this service It was called Randy's die and it was proprietary but And we liked it because like you could like host your own logos and in EPS or PDF and convert it into any size you like and you basically just Give the link to any any of your sponsors or whatever Designers and they they can download it and do whatever they want with them It was pretty expensive. It was like two hundred forty dollars a year or something three hundred dollars like that and and Yeah, they sponsored us and I was like thinking Yeah, this is very useful, but it was proprietary software and like one day. I got a newsletter Half a year ago and they said like hey brandy side was being acquired by brand dot AI So we are changing our roadmap and blah blah blah. Okay. Yeah, I kind of expected it's proprietary software, right and Because of this change I was like thinking we need to have something like that which is actually open source and Well, it doesn't depend on any acquisition or company changing its faith of the software and funnily enough just a Few months after we decided to build a new open-source software to do that and even more than that Invision is buying brandy ste and is killing it off and Next month in March brandy see will be that and it will not exist anymore So anyone who uploaded stuff on there, they will not be able to use it So it was like the best decision we did to actually do an alternative to that so Yeah Enter Identity up which is It's basically solving a similar problem So what you can do with identity up is that you have a project for example in our case It's Firefox where we also do have an open design community is in Mozilla and you can Basically host all your icons here As SVG files, so you don't have to deal with any different formats. You just upload your SVG files and identity up is Taking care if you want to do conversions if you want to embed them. It's working as a CDN so what you can do here is for example, I go to the Firefox logo and Yeah, I want the SVG source file or I just want to link to the SVG source file so what you can do here is actually get the embed link and put that every anywhere you want and Later on you can update the exact SVG file here and it gets updated everywhere So we can basically do a rebranding of your project in the future without uploading new logos and new visual assets Everywhere, of course, it's automated. So we probably need to check manually a bit but it's it saves you a bit of time as well and Right now you can also specify If you want the SVG in any pain PNG resolution, for example, right now we have a 500 pixel PNG resolution. So let's say for example 300 You can add that as a size and download it right away So it just downloaded the same logo for me in a 300 pixel PNG So this has the advantage that If you go to all this media kits on different websites or projects They give you a huge zip folder with SVG PNG folders and different formats different color sets so this would save it because this would save time for a lot of people because there was a single source of truth and it's SVG and Yeah, if you want different flavors you basically go here instead of just packing it into a source file into a zip package The advantage of SVG is is because it's basically HTML and web compatible code So it's also code which is friendly for developers, but it's also vector, which is well what designers use going further On identity app Because we had a nice talk about fonts. We decided also with that we should be able to also support fonts So right now we only have support with Google Fonts This is going to be expanded with custom fonts later on But what you can do right now is that you can add a font By simply searching it on from Google Fonts So if your font is source stands for example You can select it here and select all the weights you want to use You want to well your brand represents and they're being added here automatically So this is just a preview So if you want to download the font it fetches it from Google Fonts And you can just download it right away here As a source file ttf or otf Same goes also for the colors Right now we have a color palette of the new Firefox UX And Whatever color you need you get the you get the hex code here soon We're gonna have also the cm yk Specification if you want to use it for print and Yeah, I bet it's it's pretty self explainable You can also customize It in a way of a style guide. So right now we have different sections here A section for every Firefox brand What you can do is that you can just rearrange them in if you want to have different Different and and fast emphasizing or Different subsections at all You can also use a description To explain what how you should you be using this logo Theoretically you can also add a what not to do section if you if you Care about that as well in the In the last section we also have general images Which is photos? So you can just put any png or jpeg as a source file so to speak So if you have a team photo And you want to represent your team with that photo You can put it up here and in the same way as with svg It gets Converted automatically to whatever you need. Of course, it's not vector. So you cannot upscale it but yeah Identity app is free software so If you So i'm tapping here in real real time So if you want to contribute to it, it's a it's licensed under a gpl. So it's a even more hardcore gpl Thank you, thank you So it's written in react.js in the front end and laravel php in the back end by most of the code is well in front end and The idea behind is is not like a fancy. Hey, you can host your brand over here, but it's mostly like to serve as a base for collaboration between designers and developers How you might say this would be possible is because like svg is the keyword here as it's a Something used by both designers and both developers. We were we are planning to do Um Integration with github so we can basically have your github repo and your identity app Project page sync together. So whatever you update on identity app will serve as a front end to be updated into your github repo And ideally also the other way around so designers who are like allergic to git can use identity app while Well people and developers who like mostly cli kind of stuff they can use it right from the github repo And with the update function of svgs you're gonna actually version control svgs So you can basically visualize how uh asset is changing visually for designers And because svg's code Actually developers can also see all the differences and change sets in the github repo So this um This is well the vision. It's not reality. Please don't get too too excited about that but um The vision is for developers and designers to collaborate furthermore together because We have experienced it as a big problem of a gap on how we collaborate And we hope that this will serve as a basis for um further collaboration and empathy and Getting on the same platform because Right now teaching designers how to use git and github Is it's a nice way of way of working together, but git is not Not really the best visual way of working So we hope to to create a bridge It's funny because ura means bridge and albanian the bridge between git and the visual aspect of design work So people can work on that Um, of course, there will be also user management So we're gonna have a project you can give different access to different people So um, you don't need to manage it yourself And also we will have web dev integration I hope towards the end of the year If you are not helping if you are helping it might be sooner, but that depends And so a young is working at next cloud So we hope that with next cloud we can have a web dev integration And so we use your next next cloud folder to have your assets and get synced in real time Uh, yeah, that's basically it. Um, we have different issues on the github repo. We have also a roadmap post it, um, we hope to release the stable version in, uh, may And right now we have Demo online, which you can already use just go to the website. You want to try it out If you are losing your assets disclaimer, it's not your our fault. It's very alpha yet So please don't put anything critical on there And yeah get involved in the in the repo and we hope To see more action going on here and to get this going on Until the end of the year Thank you Questions Yeah, um Okay. Yeah, we do actually um Yes, yes. So, uh, it was a question if we have a business plan, uh, we are doing open source design So we are we are pretty transparent about it. So, uh, this software can be self hosted So you can host it on your own server. We will be offering. Um, well, you can do it already now It's a bit difficult. We want to do it. Uh, we want to make it easier for people to self host it But if you don't want to if you don't care about that and you just wanted to make it work We will be offering a service where you can just subscribe and we will Well, you host it on our servers We'll there will be a free plan for basic things and premium plans for more advanced features custom domains and stuff like that But if you don't want to pay or you are Too careful. Um, you want to care about your own stop on your own server? You can just self host it Yeah That's Yes, that's not specified yet for the servers. We will be using but for the demo servers. It's in frankford right now We are yeah, we didn't want to do it in the u.s Anyone here? That's a good question actually we didn't address that yet. Sorry, um, if there's How will we be adding cmyk support into identity op in the future if it's svg was a question That's a good question actually and we didn't address it yet but I guess in the future once a priority is there we you can just add it manually So you basically have in the uploader your upload the svg and you upload also the cmyk It's kind of problematic if you will do version control and So you probably need to update Every time I'm not that developer. So it's kind of hard for me to wrap my head around that But um, it's definitely not a priority for this year for now Yep Yeah, I was actually actually asking our developer about that and he said like it's too too much of an overkill I don't know about that. Um, I'm a ux designer, but we Theoretically we wanted to offer all all ways of Installing installing identity up on your own server In the beginning people were saying us. Hey, you should make it very difficult for people to install it So they come to you and pay you Uh, but we didn't want to do that. So it should be your choice if you want to install it on your own server Um Docker image will be coming soon sooner or later if you want to help probably sooner Any other question? It's uh, it's utilizing my sql right now And I don't I'm not sure. Um, I don't think so but um Yeah, we we should do that. I mean If we have the manpower Yeah, yeah, yeah Yeah, I know the history of my sql and mario db. So probably yeah mario db might be a better choice We'll be thinking about that. Thanks Yeah, sorry. Um, yeah the question was if some pages were If all pages were public, right? In in the next versions, I think by may we'll have also a feature where you can make Pages private with password protection Or not or just give access to different users So, um, if you are using it internally in your organization just to share stuff within your team members You can do that as well in the future Not right now, but we are planning on that. It's one of the Medium priorities right now Yeah, it's not as far as I know, um, of course you can contribute It's kind The question sorry the question was if the user interface is available in different languages or if like people can contribute to do that Uh, it's kind of hard for us because we are designers who are trying to develop this and we are trying to translate this vision to developers who are helping us doing that and sometimes, um, it's hard To know what's possible and what not But every help is welcome Seriously, um, we are very responsive on the issues if you want to do something Even if it's not in our roadmap priority list blah blah blah You should definitely do that What support was that? Our 3d models the question was if we plan to support 3d models Uh, it was it was in the beginning. It was a great vision We had like to have a marketplace for vr 3d models which you can like put into your web vr a frame thing kind of But um, I think it's a bit too far fetch right now and Yeah, we we probably want to do it if it's get It's it's getting up to speed, but probably not in this year Unless someone is doing really much of work and yeah But we don't have the manpower right now Yeah Sure Okay, I guess uh The time's up. I'll be at the open source design booth also with the other designers Ask me for stickers and I can show you the demo life if you really want to use it yourself So yeah, thank you very much

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On nature-inspired design optimization of antenna structures using variable-resolutio... | RTCL.TV

### Keywords ### #paperproposes #antennadesign #proposedmethodology #model #methodology #proposed #optimizeantennas #RTCLTV #shorts ### Article Attribution ### Title: On nature-inspired design optimization of antenna structures using variable-resolution EM models Authors: Slawomir Koziel ,and Anna Pietrenko-Dabrowska Publisher: Nature Portfolio DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35470-4 DOAJ URL: https://doaj.org/article/f0e5416052d04f9e81488dcf0494f6a0 Source URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35470-4 ### Image Attribution ### We used stable diffusion to programmatically generate the background images. Viewer discretion is advised. ### Channels ### YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@medicinertcltv Odysee Channel: https://odysee.com/@medicine_rtcl_tv ### Video Timestamps ### 0:00:00 - Summary 0:00:48 - Title 0:00:53 - End

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This paper proposes a novel optimization methodology for antenna design. The proposed methodology uses a variable resolution EM simulation model to optimize antennas. The model shares the same physical background and is selected from a continuous spectrum of allowable resolutions. The lower resolution model is used during the initial stages of the search process, while the high resolution model is used later on. The optimization algorithm is based on a particle swarm optimizer and is validated using various antenna structures of different characteristics. The results show that the proposed methodology can achieve substantial computational savings compared to high fidelity based optimization while maintaining similar reliability. Furthermore, the proposed methodology is easy to implement and versatile. This article was authored by Slava Mikozil and Anna Piatrenko-Dabreska.

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About the AAT - Farsi (Persian)

Information about applying to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT)

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دیوان بازبینی اداری یا AAT تصبیماتی رو که وزیران ادارات و سازیر سازمانهای دولت اوسترالیا تحت قوانین فدرال گرفت هند بازبینی میکند. ما نمیتا وانیم همه ای تصبیمات رو بازبینی کنیم. فقط تصبیماته به خصوصی رو بازبینی میکنیم که قانون مو شخصن به ما اجاز داده هست. تصبیماتی که AAT اغلب بازبینی میکند مربوطن به خرجی کودکان, کمکهای خانوادگی و تمینه اشتمایی، ویزا، اندی آیز، مالیات استقاقات سربازان سابق و قرامت کارگران برای انهای که تحت پوشش قوانین فدرال هستند. ما مصقل از فرد یا اداری هستیم که تصبیم اولی رو گرفته هست. و هدفه ما نین از که فرایند بازبینی من در دست رس، منصفانه، آدلانه، کمخرج، غیر رسمی و سری باشن. ما وقت تصبیم رو بازبینی میکنیم، نگاه جدیدی به داده ها، قانون و ختماشی مربوط بهان تصبیم میندازیم. ما همچنین میتا وانیم اتلاعات جدیدی را که در اختیار تصبیم گیرندهی اولی نبوده برسی کنیم. بعد ما این قدرت رو داریم که تصبیم رو تایید کنیم، یعنی عوض نمیشه بد، تصبیم رو تغییر دهیم، تصبیم رو کنار بگوزاریم و تصبیم جدیدی به جای آن بگوزاریم، یا آن رو به تصبیم گیرندهی اولی برگردانیم، تا دو باره تصبیم بگیرند. شما میتا وانید اونلائن در وبسایت ما در خاصد بازبینی میدهیم، یا با ایمیل، فکس، یا پوست، یا در موارد مدودی با تلفون. برای بزی از انواه بازبینی، هزینهی در خاصد وجود دارد. وقتی در خاصد شما را در یافت کنیم، ما به ادارهی که آن تصبیم برا گرفته بوده میگویم که شما خاصدار بازبینی هستی. سپس انها کوپیه همهی مدارک مردوترا برای ما میفرستند. انها کوپیه مدارک را برای شما و هر طرف دیگر پرورندنیز میفرستند بجوز در بیشتر موارد محاجرد و پناهندگی. در این موارد شما میتوانی در ما درخاص کنید کوپیه مدارک پرورندنی شما را برایتا بفرستند. قدم های بعدی در فرایند بازبینی بسته به نوه تصبیمی که بازبینی میخونیم فرق میخونیم. در بعض این موارد ما به شما نمه مینویسیم، تا اتلاعات بیشتری را درخاص کنیم. هر جا که ممکنست، هر اتلاعاتی را که میخاید AIT در نظر بگیرت، هر چی زود تر برای ما بهفرستید. بز وقت ها ما یک کنفرانس یا جلسی سدور دستور تشکید میدهیم، تا در باره پرورنده باشما و طرف دیگر پرورنده سخبت کنیم. و در بعض این موارد ما پرورنداره مستقیمم برای دادرسی فهرست میخونیم. در جلسی دادرسی شما فرستت خاید داشکه هرفها و ماداره که خود رو به از بای AIT که برای تستمیم گری در بازبینیه شما منصوب شده ارای بدهید. موعدت زمانی که تول می که شرطا ما بازبینی را تمام کنیم از یک پرورنده تا پرورنده دیگر فرق می کند. شما میتوانید در این باره از ما به پرسید. لازم نیست در AIT یک حقوقدان یا نمایندهی دیگر ای داشته باشید ولی اگر بخاید میتوانید داشته باشید. بسته به تستمیم ای که موارد بازبینی غرادارت، آن شخص میتواند یک حقوقدان، وکیل مهاجرات، مشافر مالیاتی یا طرفتار سربازان سابق باشد. شما همکنیم میتوانید از یک از خانواده یا دوست یا شخص دیگری مثل یک طرفتار ملولیت، خواهش کنید که در طول بازبینی نمایندهی شما باشد یا پشتبانی تنکند. در مارد خیلی از پروانده های سنتر لینک و خرجی بچه، ورای این که شخص نمایندهی شما باشد، اجاز AIT لازم است. با همه ایتلاعاتی که به منظور بازبینی به ماداده میشه بد، تیبه اصول حریم خصوصیه او سرالیا و سایر منظومات قانونی رفتار میشه بد. ما از این که ممولن از چکسی ایتلاعات میگیریم، ما رو ممولن به چکسی میدهیم، از جملا اگر ممکن باشد که ایتلاعاتی عمومی بشه بد، شما را آگاه خایم کرد. جلسه دادرسی در بعضی از انواه پروانده ها به سوراته عمومی برگوزار میشه بد. جلسه دادرسی در خیلی از پروانده های سنتر لینک، خرجی بچه و پناهندگی خصوصی هستند. خط مشه هریم خصوصی ما در ویب سایتمان موجود است و توزیه میدهت که ما با ایتلاعات چگونه رفتار می کنیم. شما میتواند ایتلاعات بیشتری را در باری ایتی با تماشا کردن بغیه ویدیوها در این سری، دیدار از ویب سایتما یا تلیفونزدن به شمار ایتین هنرده ما به دستابرید. لطفاً تواجه کند که کار کنان ایتی میتوانند کنان ایتی میتوانند در مرود سوالاتی که در باری فرایند ما دارید کمکتن کنند ولی ما نمیتوانیم در باری در خاصتتان را نمایه و حقوقی به شما بدهی.

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INDOMINUS + CARNOTAURUS HYBRID!!! - Jurassic World Alive

It's finally time to unlock this hybrid and of course rant about Ludia for the next half an hour! Use Code 'Beaver' for 10% off: https://advanced.gg/?ref=TheGamingBeaver GET YOUR TOAST NOW!!! : https://thegamingbeaver.shop Jurassic World Alive Bucks: http://ludia.gg/JWA_GB21075rg Promotional code provided courtesy of Ludia Inc. MAKE THE BEARD GREAT AGAIN: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs2qAoplubT_13uGXzGW3oA Discord: https://discord.com/invite/thegamingbeavercorner LIMITED EDITION MERCH : https://thegamingbeaver.shop Subscribe: https://bit.ly/2zmvEiT | Follow TheGamingBeaver: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thegamingbeaver Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/gamingbeavergram/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/agamingbeaver Watch more TheGamingBeaver: Assassin’s Creed: https://bit.ly/2RtYPYY Lego Jurassic World: https://bit.ly/2OnWRHo Ark: Survival Evolved: https://bit.ly/2qxrjFP Newest Uploads: https://bit.ly/2RzGKMC Popular Videos: https://bit.ly2RfnuVs #Jurassicworld #JurassicWorldAlive

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Hello everyone and welcome back to a very long overdue episode of, of what else, Jobras Sigwild Alive. I apologize, I've been ill, I've had the flu, I went to a convention and yeah. So here we are in Jobras Sigwild Alive. What do we have to show you today? Well, you've already seen the thumbnail and the title I'm sure. And I'm, I'm still a little bit sick, in fact I was like having a runny nose last night. You know what, it just doesn't stop. God's sake, no please, I was getting better. But we're good, I think. Just. So, yes, here we go, we're having a little bit of a change to the team. And I also want to rant about, I mean we've got to rant about Ludio, right? It's what we do in these videos. But while we do, let's unlock the new creature, at least to give a pop to the Draco Rex. So, basically, there's a lot of new stuff, in fact I don't even know where to start. So let's just start with the team. So my team at the moment, I haven't boosted this guy at all. However, I've faced it boosted, and my god, it's more and more common to come across a horror Rex, a horror Rex. And it's really good. The fact that, you know, we've got the swap in swap meta, and if you're faster and you know they're gonna swap out and you can kill them in one hit with this thing, you can swap it in, and then when they try to swap out, they get hit. And if they don't swap out, they also get hit. So Draco Rex, a bird, a Draco bird, is definitely something you need to have on your team, basically. Now, the new thing that I should have, well, you'll see in a minute when we get all the way down to the bottom, because my god, there is so many. Well, we've almost got a bird, we're five off getting the bird. Now, apparently the bird's good. I don't know, haven't really tried it. But this guy, the Indutaurus, is very, very good. In fact, trying to counter it, I was like, I don't even know what to do. Because it has a cleanse, I think. It counters if you hit it. Oh, it's just ridiculous. So we are gonna get it. Oh, gosh, there she is. And it is definitely not anything like we expected. Promised, oh, there it is. Oh, I think that's maybe another so many uniques. We were promised on the concept art of it standing up a bit like an Indominus. But for whatever reason, Lydia decided to plop it on its four limbs. Don't know why, but here we are. Also, I'm recording on a new capture card. This is for streaming, so it's more one-to-one. If you've drawn my streams in the past, it might be one second or two second delay. This time, there's no delay. In fact, I didn't realize there was another one. HD60S+, and I've only got the S. So don't know what the difference there is, but it's newer anyway. So this guy, let's have a look. The Indotaurus has got 20% chance to crit. Pretty decent, better than 5%. It has fierce strike, which you're probably never gonna use. Intimidating impact, which is like a medium hit, but also I think induces vulnerability. And the cleansing rampage, that's the one. And of course, a revenge taunting cloak. So if you do get a revenge off or you come in after something is killed, you get a 2.5 extra damage. You also have pesky alert. Interesting. Is this when you swap in or when they swap out? It should say. Last and one-turn. It doesn't say, does it? I don't know what that is. So basically, last and one-turn, 2.5. So if you've got less than half health, it's better if they swap out or if they just generally... I think it's if they swap out. Really need to make it more clear with the red arrows. Yeah, anyway. If you swap out, it should be green. If they swap out, it's red. I don't know. Something like that might be quite good. Also need a little bit of a shave. We're getting very furry. But the biggest thing here is a greater rendering counter. So if you hit it, it's going to hit you back. And basically, if you get it off like if it does a revenge cloak and then it gets a great rendering counter... Oh my god, that's like 90% of your damage. It's probably more. 33% of max health plus a 2.5 times cloak. You're dead. Basically, this has the cloak and then you can get a counter off. The main thing with the cloak was, you know, it has to do a cloak and then it has to do a hit. No with this. This thing is cloak and then if you hit it, you're dead. It also can, it's quite resistant to pretty much everything. The only thing that's not resistant to is, you know, attack being nerfed. But when we think about attack being nerfed, it has a cleansing rampage. Anyway, so... It's pretty crazy. When you find it, well, of course you can't. It's a fusion of Carditoris and Domus Rex. Two predators who have hunted near the top of Isla Nubla's food chain. Could that be a new Isla Nubla alpha in our midst? Yes, definitely. If for some reason you've managed to get this guy maxed up, I don't know how. We just recently had a Scorpius Vex gen 3. Jesus. And this is where I want to... I want to talk about my situation when it comes to playing this game. So if you know, I cover this game. Of course I do. But when it comes to these games, and of course we've got to level up as much as we can, I kind of want to use it. But I don't know what boost to put on it. I mean, you guys in the comments are always, yeah, lovely, you tell me what I need. I also do a couple of fuses with it. So I'm in a... I'm in a really annoying predicament. Because on the one hand, I don't like to I like to play fair. I don't want to spend money on app games because it's a slippery slope. As you may have witnessed already, I was on 500 into Taurus. When once you unlock it, you can't fuse it anymore. So how did I get 500 if I had 250? Well, that's right. I caved. I bought the... I bought the 19 pound incubator. Please. I had to do it. No other way. I mean, I couldn't unlock it, but I want to showcase it. You know, people might say, people might look at this and go, Oh, Beaver, stop your whinge. At least you got it. It's pay to win. What are you doing? If I was a normal guy, and I wasn't covering this as job, like I do normally, I just play this game for fun. But fun doesn't bring in the content. As you may realize, a lot of the stuff that I do in this game is like new creatures or getting to a new arena or something being unlocked. You can't do that if you don't play this game 10 hours a day and all have a very deep pocket to buy the incubators, all boosts even. Which is why it really annoys me when it annoys me that Ludia are praising and they're still promoting this way of promoting the game. It's like, well, pay to win or play it loads. The play loads is great, but you're really not going to get you there as quickly as pay to win is unfortunately. So we've got three more pops we're probably not going to get to 200 definitely enough. And when I see other YouTubers, now I have nothing against them really. It's Ludia's fault for allowing this to happen where they hack the game, for instance, like Jurassic World game and they face no consequences. And even some YouTubers originally hacked this game. Their first ever let's plays and stuff was them GPS spoofing. And, you know, maybe they couldn't give themselves DNA, but they could just go around and, you know, just sit at home and be like, whee, just dot everything. And yet they never got suspended, never got any sort of punishment and they're still promoting this game and why wouldn't they? Because they're buying all of the incubators. They're buying all the boost packs, the books, everything like that. As you can see, I've got 11,000 books. That's not a normal amount of books to have. It's just, it's annoying because you can't play on a level playing field with Jurassic World alive, unfortunately, especially if you want to cover the content. The only thing that is normal and everyone's on a level playing field is really the alphas. Or these apexes, sorry. There's nothing you can do. You can't hack the game to get more alpha DNA or maybe you can, but you'll get banned because Ludio are very, you know, on it with this one. But that's it. Everything else, I don't know where they keep on getting all the DNA from and stuff. I don't know, I'm watching you. But I'm excited to finally get this guy unlocked. Where is he? Yes, into Taurus. Now I have been thinking about what to take off my team. And Mortem Rex has its moments. Tester Corbinus, the deer is quite decent. Euteronix? You know, coming clutch sometimes. It's probably not up there with the top dinosaurs, but I like it. Of all my team, it's the fastest I've got, apart from Monorano. Monorano is great. Monorano is great against the Tester Corbinus. It's really good against most other things, even a Scorpius Rex. It's fast. I can usually go for a shield and then a big hit and do a decent damage or even swap in. Scorpius Rex has its moments. Hadrosaur Lux is it's okay. It's not the best, I will admit. But again, with that greater heal, you know, sometimes it can come in clutch. Sinoceratops is the only one, or Saramagnus I should say, is the only one that I really feel doesn't do much now. If I want to swap in Monorano most of the time you know Precise, like Griper's sutures can counter this Tester Corbinus can counter this There's really nothing, once it swaps in and go for precise rampage or group acceleration by that time it's probably dead so I am thinking about benching Saramagnus and this guy I also want to boost but I don't know what to boost so what I'm going to do, I need a counter I need either a Griper's sutures or I need the Inditorus so I am going to bench Saramagnus even though I've boosted it and everything like that I really feel that Inditorus it could be up there it definitely could be up there it's either that or Hadrosaur looks if I gotta be honest, I got my swap in and I'm good with that but let me know what do you think of the current state I know that the thing is right you've had people in Game Press who have quit this game, if you don't know Game Press there are a group of people that have promoted this game for a very long time or any Ludia app games, even Jurassic World the game when it first came out and there are some of the hardest core players that have ever been in this fan base and they're dropping out now or at least two big ones did they left like a twit longer when they left but they have all the creatures maxed up I guess it gets boring when you get to that state but how long are you playing it that you can actually do that anyway let me know in the comments down below what you think and we have a really interesting in the first ever week when it comes to Jurassic World Live darting fest things so let's quickly jump to the newsroom so it has been an interesting one in fact on Monday when we saw the res come out it was like what but I'll take it expecting it was going to be a couple of days however it's not but on Monday which has passed was the arctops dimetrodon and Diplocaurus gen 2 however the arctops is probably the one that everyone was wanting and I doubt it as much as they could Tuesday Post-Azookas Delofa Source let down Tuesday but today the day this video is coming out it's a good one it's epics it's bonkers this week I don't know why but it's crazy I love it keep doing this we have 4 attempts for Copsognatus, Diplodocus or Kentrasaurus out of those Copsognatus gotta be compi I really think I haven't really seen it but a matter of level 30 compi boosted that things dangerous anyway on Thursday Velociraptor Scolosaurus and Triceratops Gen 2 I think Scolosaurus has a good hybrid I can't remember what it's called right now off the top of my head but yes I would definitely say for Scolosaurus on Friday we have another epic with Cinsatosaurus Tyrannosaurus Rex and Alangua I guess unless you go for the mammoth hybrid you'd go for Cinsado but under those I don't know I'd probably say T-Rex is a safe bet or Cinsado one of those two Saturday weirdly enough is Cummins with Archetherium oh god my computer just went to sleep there brilliant give me a second one of the load there we go soon I'm the Coon I mean it's up to you one of those has probably got some good hybrids anyway I'm not too fussed about that but Sunday Woolly mammoth Hast Eagle and the Smilodon for attempts so this whole week you have you could dot 12 epics I would go for a compi maybe a Cinsado maybe a Woolly mammoth or a Hast Eagle I don't know which one I've seen a lot of Smilodons I get I see basically I get a lot of Smilodons normally so I'm not going to bother with that and of course you've got two three epic incubators one was on Tuesday one on Friday and one on Sunday as well as on the Sunday getting the gold chests you know in case you want oh hold on there's a Draco Rex for me to dart so yeah not looking too shabby at all back to the game shall we way and this is what I am doing now we edit videos while darting a Draco Rex and also you know the music cuts out and it's just beautiful it's a silence it's gorgeous I'm looking forward to maxing up the Draco birdie the only problem is we're seeing a lot of uniques that you know we're good at one point and now very rarely see any play you know like Thor do anybody use Thor anymore does anybody use Magnetator anymore Tricosaurus is you know it's not even my team anymore so when it comes to if we switch to things with health boosts Tricosaurus there you know I've maxed that up in health do I use it no so wasted boosts on health Sarah Magnus now that I'm swapping out wasted boosts on health and Magnetator wasted boosts on health and even you know the Compi hybrid I think which is probably 163 you know I've got all these boosts on dead uniques but I can't really take them off because you know it's just going to be wasted I'm losing half of them so the moment Lydia is not refunding anyone for boosts we're just going to have to if you want to take them off you're going to take the hit of losing half of it and now we're seeing a rotation of uniques so you know in a year's time I bet that not even two of these are used anymore probably two well let's say two are used anymore and the rest are completely new which means that all the boosts that I put on these dinosaurs will just be dead and this is where we see Lydia's new you know marketing scheme which is basically we'll put in new creatures that counter the current matter and you also can't use the old ones basically because we'll make a new thing like you know swapping in stuff so who knows what it'll be next maybe it's like a charge up over time when a creature's left in and the longer the more turns the more dangerous it gets the more health it accumulates or attack it accumulates as it's you know starting its ground I don't know we're going to see stuff like that which will make the swapping in matter stupid because then you're swapping out you're losing it so now it's like okay well you need to stick in but then also have enough you know it's got to be all this jazz basically but now how about yes I am I was on new blood shores about two days ago however I am not anymore dear and that is because I faced against the three put the same person like three times and I kept on losing to them and I was like this sucks matter what team just like just could not do anything against them but anyway I actually prefer being down in this rank because it felt like every battle I did a new new blood shores was stressful it was either I got completely trounced or I won it by the skin of my teeth and I mean yeah if I'm doing PvP but if I just won the incubators yeah I don't care but anyway let's jump in we'll quickly open this incubator and see if we can you know use intertaurus at all you know see exactly how it works right let's go I love pokemon stadium music man I love putting that stuff in okay it's intertaurus right we want to put it in a swapping right we don't want to have it out alright so you know what testicle bonus is probably not the best but it's a stop and some like it's a perfect counter I love it I love that that is the best I might have a chance of swapping out though what can I what can I do here I mean I can try and switch and then just go for a big hit from Morty warm would have been good I resisted it yes okay he's going to go for his like you know shield and gross okay never mind he doesn't don't know why he didn't do that but here we go if I put more than first oh it could have been so much better oh he's got a Sarah Magnus at level 29 with 2002 oh it's it's like Max attacked now oh yeah and also that you know that reminds me oh Sarah Magnus is dead Sarah Magnus is dead dude should we just go for this and then and then yeah this is better you know it's going to happen right so this is going to die and then uh or whatever it's called just going to come in and completely kill me ah who cares um I mean you know maybe if I get some devastation in and get a okay I need a time this right so I want yes or do a shield I'll do a regular hit and then I should have devastation ready and be quicker so I should be able to get off a big hit at least okay there we go so he can switch out now if he wants to which I'll be completely fine with it go on you can get rid of your Sarah if you want to save it I don't know why you would maybe it's your only swapper no oh no that's what I need it I needed that because now he's just going to go for his thingy oh what do you think do you think it's worth it when he's going to put his grippler thing right he's going to do it so do I swap to Mortem hopefully get the third three percent chance to swap and he goes for the ferocious ooh what is a tag oh let's do it let's do baby let's do it please resist please resist you bugger you oh he didn't go for it anyway okay that's fine hahaha I wouldn't even he didn't get a crit and if my Mortem Hanukkah came in oh that would have been brilliant um so I'll go for this now oh watch your oh am I I didn't realize I was quicker oh okay yeah he's probably going to kill me here I think oh no does it not go through oh there it is does it not go through armor I thought it would go through armor okay so pretty much I'm I'm I'm not surviving this he's going to do two thousand seven hundred uh does it go through armor yeah as yeah bypasses his armor fears and damage okay so you know what it's not too bad a really good counter for gripolith is actually eutaranix um I could go for a swap here but there's no point I may as well he's going to heal uh oh or not or not he's wasted I think his attack boost interesting interesting so what do you think do you think he's got a monlorino as well I'm actually more tempted to just I could swap in Mortem Rex right I could swap in Mortem Rex but I'm not going to because I think he might have a monlorino there's a there's a chance he'll go for his heal I'll do the damage to him and you know next time he's dead and then I'll swap into Mortem so the best thing you can do with this guy is go for distracting impact and then regular hit the thing is with eutaranix is it can actually reduce his oh oh he did have one I freaking predicted it man I knew I knew he would have it I just it was something about I was like I bet he has two freaking swappings I bet and you know what he bloody welded oh there you go we'll do one damage here um we'll do another damage again yeah okay that's fine and then we'll just go for the distracting thing with the other one I mean just what how much damage what's that 2300 2300 okay so we'll do this big chunk of damage oh he went for that I didn't think he would but I think I'm I'm now I'm now in a bad situation I could be wrong though you know what we're just going to do this is this is the world eutaranix puts in it's not a show it's a grower haha yes yes my boy now we'll swap out now what does he have that could counter I don't know man he'll probably swap out oh oh okay okay fair do's right okay so he I think he can swap him I think he's swap him on the rhino to kill me I think he can his mother is almost dead so a gorgotra bex interesting interesting now gorgotra bex has a resistant to rend all well that's it that's game set match here I think really cautious impact I think he has something that goes oh that's what goes through so he's got cool than a one for this so he kills me here he has a speed boost which takes him to 160 and unfortunately if that was Sarah Magnus maybe I could have done this maybe but there really isn't much I can do if I go for revenge and then he goes for cautious impact think I'm dead I think no matter what I do here I've died so you know what I may as well go okay group distracting oh fair enough fair enough um this is turning out very interesting um maybe I will win this I I the game in the engine I played in the best I could that was a perfect counter unfortunately oh my god but that was fun we'll do one more we'll do one more yeah I don't think I could have played that any other way that that was the best that I could do I honestly think okay so what we got we've got the hand of soul looks we've got the test the Corbinus I don't know what people are starting with I really should take notes to see what people start with a gripo last time should we just go for test the Corbinus again ah so let's just go for test the Corbinus the super health tank that I still haven't max boosted oh my god it's the perfect counter again oh I should have been hydro it should have been hydro soul looks oh that's annoying um oh god I mean he's not gonna kill me one hit but if he gets a crit he might be able to and the chance is there um oh oh jeez that was that was close I'm not dead though do you think he's gonna switch out just to finish me I don't think he will you know what we'll fodder off test the Corbinus it's a shame to have it waste that way however monlorino is faster and it can't kill it in one hit so we may as well do it I don't have anything I do have the burp I do have the burp should we you know I've never had the bird actually do its lethal rampage and swap but this actually might be the first every time I can again zero boosts to it just to see what it's like let's see a swapping what we think monlorino monlorino could be good oh he's foddering off okay interesting interesting oh I get the crit there oh brilliant so now we need something nullify me cause you'll know I'm just gonna try and get to that swap out let's see what he does this is an interesting team I don't like it I don't have the confidence in it butaronex I feel confident butaronex is there now this one's boosted and it's gonna kill me in like one hit that's whoa wait what he just went for a regular hit oh that's interesting why would he do that I think I keep my dodge here I think I keep my dodge so oh no I don't okay fair enough he played that perfectly yeah oops well played we are gonna lose we never know we might pull it back but I honestly don't think some of my third dinosaur he's gonna go for a lethal rampage run I'm gonna bleed out and that is game and oh no not I might survive this okay let's see what comes in if it does a hit I might be dead though if it does a hit please don't do a hit please don't be monalirino and it's monalirino so there it was game set match very well played that was horrendous the perfect counters for the the just could we next bar please the unfortunate thing is now the ludia aren't well they've done a weird tactic what they've done is they're being clever about it they're putting in a book sale with all the boosts so you're more inclined to spend real money on getting the books and then buying the boosts and I mean it's all a ploy just to get you to spend money and it sucks because now it's like well if you want to you keep on climbing in the arena you need to boost your creatures because now everything you face will be boosted pretty much and it sucks and unfortunately it doesn't it seems like this is the future for Dresser World alive it's just gonna be you know unless you spend money on the game you're just gonna go lower that's it if you want to try and get boosts legit sorry it's not gonna be good enough because everyone else is gonna have higher boosted creatures sorry didoms and thank you okay wasting my time good I don't know I just feel like at the moment this game is in not a good situation it's very pay to win and they're not even hiding how pay to win it is and it's just the way it is I have spent like I spent a hundred basically a hundred quid on the intertaurus you know incubated to get it to where it is and it's still not even useful at all to me that's a hundred quid and I bought books let's say two hundred quid and is my team any good now now and I'm barely just staying at whatever level I was at before and it's just not good and I don't know I mean I know what the incentive is the incentive is money and that's basically it but it sucks oh a crit oh that was that was lovely do you think you'll follow that off I think you might switch in something do you think he will I don't know man I don't know I don't know we'll just go for we'll switch out this I kind of need to keep more Rex in so I can oh it's dead okay sweet he wasn't going to swap out thank god I didn't swap in intertaurus because it would have died um yeah it's just it's not a good situation I don't feel like we're in a healthy situation with the game at the moment because it is just bye now you need to buy like books are sorry boosts are so important that you need to spend real money on them and that is not a good precedent to set it really isn't I kind of tempted to go for the attack but if I go for this I might outspeed him next turn but I'll go for this it's safer and it actually worked okay I was thinking you might try and big brain me but I guess I'm quicker anyway right yeah I guess I'm quick I didn't realize I was quicker and he did go for toxic quills interesting interesting so I think I've just survived this yeah I could cleanse and hope that he he doesn't go for attack but son yeah I thought he would go for this I could cleanse but I'll happily take the loss on the bird it's not too great I'm okay oh we cleanse it anyway that's interesting I can swap out if I want to we have got model a rhino we have we have tested Corbin is which could be pretty sweet he's just done that so he's got a big cool down on this guy um unless I swap out it's tricky I could swap to Mortem Rex I just had him waste his big attack on him oh he just went for that anyway oh okay and I only did 2000 oh that's right because my attack still wearing on him okay okay so we'll go for this one and then maybe we'll outspeed I don't think you can lower his speed but his speed boost will go and if my un boosted bird is faster than him oh I don't know yeah I'd imagine that I would also outspeed him here so what's his speed 165 but it'll go now right I think it'll last so maybe I'll stay know it there it goes so now I can't switch arrows he's giving me health and I think we're gonna win this one I got a crate on a 5% chance bugger off don't get me a crate that's really rare but I don't need it don't do that to me game uh I mean yeah sure I'll take the trade oh it's a crit as well I almost killed him this is what happens man I lose two games like the worst ways like perfect counters against me and here we are should we risk the biscuit and go for Inditoris Soda I don't deserve this win let's go for the cloak let's just go for the cloak I wanna see what happens when we do a counter if we survive this cause he's gonna do his biggest hit so it's it's like 50-50 here and ok what does it do how much does it do how much 5000 oh that is devastating well we won with level 23 Inditoris you soared here first uh yeah I know I don't have much really positive to say about the game at the moment which is unfortunate cause I don't want to be like that it's just the way it is right now it's like ah well give us money if you wanna enjoy playing the game or else you're gonna be trounced by people who boosted um and maybe it's not like that in the lower ranks but up here near Jarsphere and Newblood shores yeah I've seen some dinosaurs like the new hybrids the uh the legendary ones that are max level 30 max boost there's only one thing that's doing that and unfortunately the way the game is especially with these tournaments it's like people who have the ability to you know have these spare boost because they have really good creatures get even more boosts it's basically the rich get richer and that's it like that yeah you can try and work out ways but eventually you're gonna come across teams with level 30 copies when you've only got like a level 20 or you know um there's other like skill tournaments that there's like I mean skill tournaments really is the only way that you can win when there's no boosts and everything is the same level but then you're probably facing up against the same teams ah it's a hard situation man it does suck but anyway guys that was actually quite fun at least the last battle was and I almost won the first one but if you enjoyed this video leave a like don't forget link in the description down below to collect your books and until next time I'll see you beautiful be the babies later oh bye bye

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Urban Age São Paulo'08: #19 Secure and Inclusive Cities Interventions Panel

Urban Age South America Conference, 3-5 December 2008

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Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to the afternoon session, which will continue a discussion around the theme of secure and inclusive cities. But we have a special treat this afternoon because we're going to talk not just about the problem and providing an analysis of the problem, but to actually talk about solutions, interventions that are proven and that work, and how we can take these interventions to scale, how we can learn from these interventions, what is generalizable from these interventions across context and geography.

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May 1st, 10AM ET Market Update with Tommy O'Brien on TFNN

Every market day, live at the top of the hour, TFNN breaks down the most important trading action in a 3 minute News Update. For more from TFNN make sure to check out https://TFNN.com and Subscribe for new videos every day! Follow us on Facebook! https://facebook.com/tfnn1 Follow us on Twitter! https://twitter.com/tfnn

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Good morning everybody I'm Tommy O'Brien coming to you live from TF9 headquarters in St. Petersburg, Florida. It's Wednesday 10 a.m. Eastern time 30 minutes into the trading day and we have pretty calm markets so far as we slip down to the negative in the last half hour in terms of trading lower. We have the S&Ps right now flat trading at 29.48. You have the NASDAQ up 21 points trading at 81.16 and you get the DAO up 33 points trading 26,627. Gold and oil pretty calm. You have gold basically flat at 12.86.40. Oil off 2 cents trading at 63.88 and the dollar index negative 136 ticks trading 97065. Notes and bonds slightly higher price lower yield 10 year note up 4 ticks 123.26. 30 year bond up 17 ticks at 148 flat. We'll see how those move at 2 o'clock today of course Fed meeting Fed announcement nothing expected to happen but it'll be interesting to see what kind of a press conference and how that shapes where these markets go jumping over to the indices we'll start it off with the DAO and so as I mentioned you know the markets in positive territory S&P basically flat but we're off the highs that we had early this morning trading in the DAO at 26,680 we're solid 70 points off that level 26,613 NASDAQ 100 much the same overnight at about 4 a.m. We're up there at 78,62. We're back up near that level at 78,57 just an hour and a half ago at 830 currently trading 78,38 S&P 500 trading lower as well 830 this morning trading at 29,58 when now a solid eight points below that level trading at 29,50 crude oil 63,77 gold contracts spiking higher even in the last five minutes check that out 10 a.m. Bar spiking from about 12,83 to 12,86,60 and Euro US dollar getting some action as well Euro trading 12,41 terms of what else you have happening out there Apple earnings last night and quite a number as they spike higher Apple up about 5% we'll jump over to that chart in a moment but they're gonna have a $75 billion share repurchase gotta like that if you're a shareholder 77 cent dividend and not to mention making a pretty magnificent switch to their services revenue beating 58 billion versus 57.37 earnings per share beating 246 versus 346 and to jump over to that chart this morning CVS up there they had earnings this morning up 4.4% young brands earnings as well Taco Bell and Pizza Hut same store sales not really matching up and Apple up 5.5% now stay tuned folks come back at 10 o'clock with Tom love oil numbers at 10 30 of course fast market at 11 live programming all day fed day stay tuned

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Mere end en studiegruppe En karriere i venskab

Stort set alle studerende oplever at være en del af en studiegruppe. Og for mange, udvikler disse sig til varige venskaber – også efter specialet er afleveret! Her på AU elsker vi studiegrupper, og derfor har vi lavet miniserien ”Mere end en studiegruppe”, hvor vi hylder denne geniale opfindelse.

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Så havde vi ikke sorg, det havde jeg læst tysk, jeg havde tysk. Han fyldte over det ikke. Vi mødes på H8 på Hanserskolen i Aarhus, på tysk linjen. 1989. Som jeg husker, det fandt vejret forholdsvis hurtigt sammen. Jeg synes bare, vi var hurtigt bundt af, at de havde beskivet. Ja, vi havde vejret, vejret pødelserud. Så både vi alle sammen på kollegiet. Der var kollegiet i fænst, der man også kunne tage og mødes der, og altså, at det kom egentlig rimelig flydende. Ja. På det måske er du måske lidt mere på udkig efter, at nogen du kan med, fordi nu er du ny. Det er med til at hjælpe, men det var ikke derfor, vi fandt en anden med, som om det er med til, at man finder nogen, specielt på bachelorn. Det var hver dag, faktisk, næsten, at vi sidder og læst sammen eller lavede en eller anden på en gruppe og blev sammen. Ja, det var dagligt. Fik en uge, fik en viner med lave. Ja, fik en kaffe eller noget. Fik en kaffe og snakker siger der arbejde nede i kluben eller hvor der var nogle steder. Og så tror jeg også, at I får bare hjælp i den anden lærer med at få komme igennem nogle leksjerte. Men så tror jeg også, at vi fandt ud af på en god måde, altså, hvad det var, vi rent fagligt gerne med leveret. Ja, men det er det. Og så uden at det skulle stikke som helt af i ekstrelen. Men du ved, det er... Du må rinde en i omnivået. Du må rinde en i omnivået, og der skulle investeres det, der skulle til det. Men vi havde også, kan vi sige, alle sammen, intellektuelle kapacitet til, at vi også kunne have noget sjov at besidne det. Altså, det bedre... Jeg tror faktisk, det var det, der var fundamentet. Det var, at vi var alle så menige om et fagligt niveau, eller et fagligt ståstede, og så kunne vi så ligge en masse sjov oven i det. Men vi var alle så ambitiøst i forhold til det, vi gerne ville, og vi ville også alle sammen gerne lære noget. Jeg tror, at det var der, vi fandt på sådan en fundament. Vi havde mange forskellige tilgange til det, som man kunne udfordre lidt på tilgangen. Vi fik sammenholdet af, men vi havde forskellige måder at komme derind til. Det er ikke så... Det er faktisk ikke. Altså, det hjælper altid om, at man også kan have lidt sjovt, og kan drikke nøgle om nogle kaffe og... For mig er det fedt. Altså, jeg tænker nogle gange, når vi er sammen med nogle andre, at de måske synes, vi er lidt indspist, at nogle gange, vi siger nogle andre spædte ting. Ja. Det tror jeg da, men for os er det bare... Det er som mig, jeg kan sige, i hvert fald. Enig. Det er jo 20 år. Det er alt muligt i fis og pålade. Hvis det er bare, at det er fagligt, så er vi ikke ses nu af. Nej. Altså, det faglige bare, det var det, vi fandt sammen over, og fandt sammen over. Så er det jo, at vi klinger socialt, at vi stadigvæk denne dag, jeg vinder. Jeg er også på trods af, at vi har altså omvendt en fire forskellige måder. Ja, alt fire forskellige måder. Det er rigtigt. Men så, vi havde ses med andens kærester, og senere også børn, så ved jeg. Så blev det jo... Det var for alt det udenom. Ja. Det var ikke kun det faglige måde. Ja. Så jeg tænkte, at det var mere vigtigt. Altså... Altså, det er alle for mere. Jeg går til at være sammen efter. Ja, efterfølgende. Så er det bare fedt at få en indsigt i fire forskellige virksomheder eller brancher. Ja. Man kunne lidt bare mødes kun for at udvæge slagendekdoter. Og det er kun bare at snakke om, kan I så huske den gang, den der tur af byen. Og på en eller anden tidspunkt, så lykker det bare... Altså, det lykker tørre, hvis ikke. Ja. Eller hvis ikke du har mået til at tage nogle, hvad skal I sige, nogle skarpe snakker om et eller andet, og udvæge nogle ting. Altså, du ligesom fødder, hvad fremad. Den sparing, jeg har, det er jo mere, hvor man sparer med en anden, som personer i forhold til vores liv, i forhold til work life, bærlæns, privat med arbejde, og kan udfordre en anden lidt på det. Og kan stille nogle, og tørre at stille nogle af de der lidt svære spørgsmål, man måske ikke vil stille til nogen, man ikke kender så godt. Ja, det er rigtig. Studiegrupper er en fantastisk del af at læse. Og en af de bedste ting, jeg har taget med mig foran, er skolen. Det, der er jeg, altså studiegruppen. Fordi det er jo for livet. Men det er venner for livet. Ved man kan tage med sig om, at man har kunnet glædes over at være sammen. Ja, man mødes på det her tidspunkt, hvor alle skal ud og finde tidsdokset, så der tænker det også, at man kan bruge en anden. Ja. Men jeg tror også, de fleste jeg kender, det er jo også badset studiegruppen. Ja. De faktisk kører. Fordi det er det første, hvor du lige... Ja. Det er et tumult, der hedder Lesen. Lesen overbygning og ny by og nyt studie og ny måde at lære på og læse på. Ja, en anden form for farvelighed og ansvar under frihed. Eller frihed under ansvar.

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Virtual Disk Integrity in Real Time - J.P. Blake, AIS _ C. Rogers, Student, SUNY Binghamton

This paper introduces the Virtual Disk Integrity in Real Time (vDIRT) monitor, a mechanism to measure virtual hard disks in real time from the Dom0 trusted computing base. vDIRT is an improvement over traditional methods for auditing file integrity which rely on a service in a potentially compromised host. It also overcomes the limitations of existing methods for assuring disk integrity that are coarse grained and do not scale to large disks. vDIRT is a capability to measure disk reads and writes in real time, allowing for fine grained tracking of sectors within files, as well as the overall disk. The vDIRT implementation and its impact on performance is discussed to show that disk operation monitoring from Dom0 is practical. http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/xen-project-developer-summit/program/schedule

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All right. Good afternoon. My name is Jay P. Blake. This is Chris Rogers. We'll be presenting our work towards virtual disk integrity in real time, or because that's a mouthful, what we call VEATER. At a high level, our project consists of extensions to Zen's disk I.O. interface, BlockTap 2. Our primary goals were to extract faster and finer integrity guarantees about Damu virtual disks. So first, we'll go over our motivations for this work. We'll cover some related efforts, go over our implementation details, and wrap up with a few small video demos. So in high assurance environments, we want to know what the exact state of the VM we're starting. We can use hardware extensions to bootstrap trust by way of a measured launch of the overall system, but we care about extending that chain of trust to guest virtual hard drives. Now, when we started this effort, the main focus was on scaling the measurement of boot time integrity to larger drives. However, as we'll go into more later, with those hooks in place, the capability is also there to provide continuous monitoring. We all know that those security goals are wonderful, but we know that they can't come at the expense of usability, so our foremost concern and what we really wanted to prove out during this was that we could minimally impact the performance of virtualized disk IO. So disk and file integrity are obviously not new topics, but there are three related efforts that we're most interested in. As then client XT, my apologies to the enterprise guys. Tripwire and iNotify. We drew lessons from XT's handling of boot time integrity measurements and tried to improve on its performance. Along the way, we realized that we could also approximate the basic file integrity checking and work towards the functionality similar to that offered by Tripwire and iNotify, but with a different set of security guarantees. So let's review XT's architecture first, because it's the product environment that we're most interested in targeting. So Citrix and client XT is a security conscious client platform developed in conjunction with the Air Force Research Lab. And using the separation that Zen provides with VTX and VTD, XT is ideally suited as a middle system. XT has also taken some great steps towards the disaggregation of DOM0, dedicated network domains, and stub DOMs. And using Intel TXT and Tboot, XT executes a measured launch. As a protected partition, whose keys are sealed to the platform state so that it can be encrypted offline. And XT uses the VHD format for all of its VMs. And it was because of our interest in the XT product that we kind of honed in on that. Even though, I mean, as you'll see when we go along, a lot of the ideas are general and could be less specific. So XT has some unique extensions to traditional Linux FS layout. We want to talk about this just briefly, because some of the Vita enhancements rely on this layout. So Slash Config is an encrypted, protected partition that is encrypted with the keys that are put in a sealed blob that can only be decrypted when platform measurements in the TPM match the known good state. When we discuss the Vita implementation, we'll describe how its keys are expected to be stored in this location. Slash Storage holds the virtual hard drives for both guest VMs, for the service VMs, obviously unencrypted. And the rest of DOM 0 is measured in moment read only, that's the Linux in enforcing. So going over XT's measuring process. On the boot of a measured VM, such as the network domain, the tool stack measures the VHD's corresponding TAP device by way of a shot one sum. And then it compares this hash against the known good hash of that VM's VHD that is stored in the config partition. Depending on if they match, if they don't, it'll follow the corresponding policy. So moving along to Tripwire. Tripwire is your classic UNIX file integrity checker. And it's a tool that will run at the application level inside the target environment. When it's initialized, it creates that database of system object information. It's basically hashes of the files. And this amounts to snapshot the current system state. It compares the result, future object scans, journaled men on a cron job, against the existing entries in order to detect changes. And then it can notify the user admin. So I notify was added to the Linux kernel a while back. And it was basically that subsystem to support monitoring of file system events that could be reported to applications. It really amounted to that real-time file system monitoring, but also from within the target environment. So a shot sum for the entire disk, very coarse grained. I mean, it really only lets us know if anything on the disk has changed. It's coarse, but it's definitely a good starting place. What's unfortunate is that hashing those big drives is really pretty slow. XT skirts around this problem by using open embedded-based service VMs, which result in much smaller drive to measure as opposed to using Debian Weezy. However, we don't always want to be forced into using an embedded disk drill. Tripwire and I notify have their applications and usefulness depending on the threat model. Our threat model is different in that we do not want that integrity monitoring code to execute in a potentially compromised host. So having explained what we see as some of the limitations in XT and Tripwire and I notify, our goals really aren't too surprising. So we're looking to achieve a faster equivalent of a shot sum on a TAP device belonging to a guest disk. We also wanted to make progress toward providing a DomU file integrity monitoring tool from DomZero. I'll hand it over to Chris. So first I'd like to begin just to discuss some of the high level design goals of Vdirt. First we felt that supporting the dynamic VHD format would be most effective for our tool, mostly because it's ease of use within XT and the basic structure of the VHD was just easy to work with. So we did have to make some changes to the VHD format such as adding our list of hashes that we'd like to track during the course of VM runtime and I'll go into those in more depth momentarily. In addition we had to make some modifications to BlockTap to actually implement the tracking scheme. So the idea here then is instead of incurring this large performance penalty VM boot time we can just amortize this bottleneck by measuring over the course of the VM as it's running. So really the core of Vdirt, it's really pretty simple. It's very similar to Tripwire. When the DomU invokes a read, Vdirt intercepts the data before it's sent back to the DomU and it compares the stored hash for that particular block with the hash of the recently read block. And then similarly for the write operations the block is hashed, it's committed to disk and then the list of hashes is updated in memory. If of course the VM is allowing writing to disk. So understanding BlockTap call can just be a little tricky so I just want to take a quick pass through typical BlockTap call. BlockTap 2 is disk's ZenIO interface and so first we have the back end establishing itself in the Dom0 kernel and using an event channel or shared memory ring we can communicate with block front in the DomU kernel. So then an IO requested pass from the user space to the kernel space and then it's redirected to Dom0 and BlockTap. Once this request reaches the BlockTap in the back end it's forwarded to the TAP disk utility which is responsible for dispatching it to the correct IO library. BlockTap 2 is nice in that it supports a variety of custom disk interfaces and it even allows you to write your own so VEATR could be extended in the future beyond just the VHD format. Once the VEATR is complete the data sent back to the shared memory ring for the DomU to utilize. So here I just want to take a quick moment to talk about our terminology for our tool. It can get a little confusing. So the default VHD block size is going to be 2 megs. That's what we worked with. The DomU default file system block size is 4k and BlockTap also handles data at a granularity of about 4k. So we call the DomU blocks sector clusters just to avoid the confusion when referring to them from the BlockTap perspective. And here at the top the hash list is just an array of all insums that represent the present hash of any given DomU block. They're mapped one to one. And so earlier I mentioned that we had to end up modifying the VHD structure. I understand that's an issue in terms of extensibility. Oh boy. Can we get that? Alright, so I guess the format's a little off. Alright, so in gray here you have the typical VHD format as defined by the specification. And in green we have our header that we've added to the metadata here. And so what we'd like to show you is there's one, two, three, four, five sections of this, what we call the hash header. The first one is an entry. It's simply the absolute byte offset from the beginning of the file, from the VHD to the next piece of metadata. So in this case the header. This is just implemented similarly to the other pieces of metadata here in the VHD structure to quickly traverse the VHD. The second entry is simply a number. It's the total number of hashes for ease of use with our computations. Third entry is just a simple flag. We feel that either it should be enableable or disableable without needing to recompile then itself. And then fourth entry is our list of tracked hashes that we're going to store across the lifetime of a VM. And the last entry is a pad. Just keep it 5,000 byte aligned. So obviously the list of hashes can get quite large if we're hashing each of these Damu blocks so storing them all in memory quickly becomes a problem and I'll talk about that momentarily. Okay. So this slide was intended to sort of trace through a Vdirt block tap call. I'm actually going to diagram this in our paper. I'm sure we could provide that. So I'm just going to walk through it. Very similar to the normal block tap call except once the VHD is created, future reads and writes through the tap disk utility are going to be measured. And so once we're down inside a block VHD when a disk grade is scheduled we determine that it's a write and then using global and block offsets we compute the proper index for this block in our hash list. And then we hash the block of data that's going to be written and the index and the hash are both stored inside the IO request data structure which is then shipped off to the AIO library. We let the IO happen and then on the callback for which is VHD complete we then update our hash list because we know that the write has completed and that we need to keep the hash list and the disk blocks in sync. When we verify a data read we also compute the sector cluster index but we don't hash anything because we don't have anything to hash. So we just allocate space and we let the IO happen and then on callback that's when we verify the read. And simply compute the hash of the data that was read and then compare it with the hash that's being tracked. And policy can dictate whether or not to stop VM execution or simply print out a warning to the user and form the user that some sort of integrity has been violated with the disk. So obviously this list of hashes that we're tracking in the VHD metadata is sensitive information we want to encrypt it. And since we're targeting here done clients or XTs environment we expect that protected partition to exist and be a place where we can store our decryption key. So in order to guarantee the integrity of the hash list we encrypt it before writing the changes back to disk and that way the next time the VM is booted a failed decryption will result in an automatic integrity failure if say the list was tampered with in an offline state. So in order to maximize performance as well Vdirt is only designed to commit these trashes on VM shutdown so we realize that in the context of say a power interruption it's going to become a concern. If the interruption is malicious in nature such as an attempt to modify data to circumvent some read verification Vdirt will still detect the invalid data the next time it performs a read because the clusters in memory and the data on the disk are out of sync and that's great. But if the power interruption is coincidental then the VHD should not necessarily be marked as compromised. So we could use a simple flag to just indicate a proper hash commit. So really with Vdirt we set out to achieve faster equivalent of hashing the entire disk similar to XT and we did simply by tracking the measurements of each individual disk block and then hashing that entire list for a single unified measurement. As far as watching specific files we have a demo to show you where we've hard coded the block addresses of these files just as a very simplistic case to show this capability and in the future we see a lot of potential that Vdirt could help with implementing a honeypot type of virtual machine or analyzing the disk footprint of malware. So performance is a huge concern for us. So Shah summing a block 4k quickly adds up in memory for a one gig disk we have a hash list of 5 megabytes. That's not bad but if we keep scaling up there's eventually going to be some bloat and I'll be showing you some performance data that we measured. It's for a very simplistic case just reads and writes. So here you can see sort of the scale. If we have an 80 gig disk we're going to have a hash list of about 400 megs and as you keep increasing the size of that disk the hash list can get larger and eventually could become a memory issue. Also throughout this talk you probably noticed we've been a little hand wavy about policy details in terms of verification or handling failure. Vdirt really is in the prototype stage right now so we don't have a full policy engine implemented but we thought it was worthwhile to point out the opportunities where policy could dictate the correct option to take. So this is just a graph of comparison between Vdirt and native open source Zen for a synchronous IO workload. Modified Vdirt implementation is the darker graph and the darker bar and the lighter bar is native. As you can see there was not very much of a performance penalty. When using or when doing these simple IO tasks. Similarly this is the bandwidth for each of these tasks as well. Cool. So I'll show you a couple quick demos. So you're looking at right now how we ported VHDU tilt to basically take out our tracked root hash. We're just going to fire him up. On the right hand side we're kind of tailing where Vdirt is logging different messages. You can see between, I love VLC, what it's seeing as root hash. You're seeing it match up right now in the real time log. We booted this VM just read only and then we're just going to detect when it's remounted read right. As soon as we do that we're going to see a lot of action on the Vdirt log and once he shuts down we're going to see his last root hash match up with what we call VHDU tilt again. Really the VHDU tilt call is going to be the analogous action to when XT makes its tool stack call to measure it. So that was really the main goal. We're just going to see our root hash over here match up. So the second video here is where we're actually watching a specific file inside the DOM U. Again on the left we have that DOM U booted up and on the right we're in DOM 0 tailing that log. So we have the file we actually care about watching. Obviously right now for file system context specific we're going to just move him over and what we're doing in the back is we determine the block offset addresses for the inode and data for watch me and that's what we're tracking. So your simple moves to inode this is where we're actually messing with the data that we're watching and the VLC capturing at its best. And then again kind of like your trojan idea that you're just going to replace that file and again that's something you're going to detect so by inode change we sync up and catch that as well. So and there you have it. Thank you. Questions anybody? Everybody's ready for the coffee break. Did you look at using something like Merkle hash trades to enable you to do the effectively have a chain of hashes all the way up the top more incrementally? Yes we did actually that was our initial choice for this data structure but as we started experimenting with larger disks that quickly became impossible to maintain in memory. So short of implementing a caching scheme for this hash list we found that the Merkle tree was just too large in scope. Introduced a lot more overhead than what we really needed tracking all that but that was our thoughts to when we started out. Yeah I mean I guess for what you're doing you don't need the incremental consistency which is able to give you. I think it's hard but I think you could make it work. Thank you. So you're effectively doing lazy integrity checking of the disk, right? Instead of doing it all at once you're doing it as the pages get read or written for the first time. So I'd expect there to be a significant performance overhead if you were to read a file for the first time a large file when it's coming up. I mean did you do any kind of performance evaluation like that? I mean when we staged the VMs initially you know from the GitGill it's with the block tap instrumented with Vdirt and there's really no extra time for doing you know like an install of the Weezy VM you saw. So there's no you know just common usage we couldn't see you know a big hit to performance and that was like the main question that we were seeking to answer. Thanks. Nowadays I think Xen mostly use QM as disk backend do you think it would be hard to port your work to QM that is another basically provider of disk backend in user space? So that was kind of what I was hinting at when we started out. I mean Vdirt itself very general idea like oh we're going to intercept you know the call kind of in transit. Again our use case we're targeting XT so we just kind of dialed in. I guess I'm not as familiar with you know the Q disk and came you kind of back into I would hope not. Anybody else? I seem to not. Okay thank you very much. Thank you.

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Oklahoma City: What the Investigation Missed - and Why it Still Matters

Oklahoma City: What the Investigation Missed - and Why it Still Matters The New America Foundation's National Security Studies Program held a conversation with journalist Andrew Gumbel about his new book, Oklahoma City, which delves into the story behind the 1995 bombing that, until 9/11, was the largest terrorist attack in America's history. To read a review of Oklahoma City, please click here. Participants Featured Speaker Andrew Gumbel Journalist Co-author, Oklahoma City: What the Investigation Missed -- and Why it Still Matters Moderator Peter Bergen Director, National Security Studies Program New America Foundation http://www.newamerica.net/events/2012/oklahoma_city

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Thank you for coming out on this beautiful day to hear Andrew Gumbel talk about his new book, which is a very impressive piece of work. Andrew is a Los Angeles-based journalist and writer, a longtime foreign correspondent for the Guardian and the Independent, covered the collapse of communism, the wars in Yugoslavia, the rise of Silvio Berlusconi, and not the fall though, I guess yet. Mostly for the independent of London. He came to the United States in 1998. He's written extensively about politics, the criminal justice and pop culture. His work has appeared in the Los Angeles Times, The Atlantic, Mother Jones, Vanity Faire. He's the author of another book, Steal This Vote, Dirty Elections and the Modern History of Democracy in America, and this is his second book and he's about to produce a third book. So Andrew, leave the floor is yours. Okay, thank you so much. Thank you everybody for coming. I will talk for a little while and then hopefully we can get some kind of discussion going. I just wanted to start by plunging you into the middle of everything. I don't know, I'm sure all of you remember the Oklahoma City bombing, how Timothy McVeigh was arrested two days later. He was stopped by a highway patrolman who saw that he was missing his real license plate as he was leaving Oklahoma and the official story as it was told was the culprits were identified very quickly, they were arrested, a case was put against them, they were tried, they were punished, case closed, the FBI did a wonderful job and I wouldn't be sitting here if I agreed with that assessment. And things really were much more complicated and a lot of things went very wrong for reasons I want to explain and maybe the best place to start is on the day that McVeigh was brought into federal custody which was two days later, April the 21st 1995. The FBI was immensely active, had been for 48 hours, they were drafting people in from all over the country adding manpower in many states, Oklahoma itself, in Kansas, in Arizona, in many other parts of the country in Michigan and on the 21st over and above McVeigh they had a tremendous interest in the Nichols brothers, Terry who was in Kansas and his brother James who was on the family farm in Decker, Michigan which is in the farm maybe 90 minutes north of Detroit. The FBI with a number of other agencies including the ATF, local law enforcement were gathering what was effectively a SWAT team around the James Nichols farm ready for the right moment to pounce, waiting also for enough evidence to gather so they could have probable cause to go in. In Kansas you had one FBI agent who was looking for Terry Nichols' house, he had the wrong address as it turned out because Terry's ex-wife muddled up the numbers so he was driving around frantically trying to find it, there was a special operations group from the FBI coming in from Kansas City, a helicopter was whirring overhead and the mindset was this, it was okay we know that these two people are of great interest in the investigation but we don't know how far this thing goes, we don't know if they have other bombs that they're ready to detonate in other cities, we don't know if this guy McVeigh who we've picked up is a driver if he's the mastermind if he's somewhere in between so we have got all our options open, we want to keep an eye on these people, we want to keep a low profile, we want to follow them, we want to bug their phones, we want to do whatever it takes to see if we can establish if there's a broader network and then everything comes to a grinding crashing halt because within the investigation there's a media leak, James and Terry Nichols' names are out on the radio saying that the feds are after them and that is really the end of that. James jumps in his car, goes on an improvised shopping trip basically just to get out of the farm so that he doesn't die and what he imagines will be a showdown with the FBI. Terry very similarly panics, goes home, picks up his wife and his infant daughter and they go to the police station in Harrington, Kansas where he volunteers to talk about everything he knows thinking he can bluff his way through and in the meantime try and find out what it is exactly that the feds might know about him. The point being about this moment that all possibility of finding out who else might have been involved essentially crashed and burned and it was really bad luck and it was a function of how high profile the media interest was, it was a function of how huge the investigation was and we don't know exactly who leaked the news about Terry and James Nichols but one thing we do know is that the ATF, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms was taking everything from every briefing that was occurring within the investigation in Oklahoma City and putting it out to every single one of its offices completely unadulterated so you had hundreds of possible leak sources within the ATF just to name one agency. There was also a particular problem that one of the ATF agents from Texas was sleeping with a reporter from the Dallas Morning News and telling absolutely everything he knew so the Dallas Morning News for about three weeks had the most spectacular series of scoops about the investigation. None of this was helpful to figuring out what had actually happened but what I argue in the book is it wasn't just a matter of bad luck that prevented the investigation from finding other co-conspirators and or other people who might have inspired the plot who might have taught McVeigh and Nichols how to build a bomb because they certainly didn't know by themselves and on and on and on. There were also a number of really big systemic problems to do with how the federal government had been tracking the radical far-right and also how they interacted with each other and it was really looking back on it now with the benefit of the full documentary record which was the basis for writing the book which wasn't previously available. One understands that it was really very similar to the run-up to 9-11 in that you had a situation where the few qualified agents who knew what was going on who knew how grave the risk was were screaming from the rooftops but were not being heard. You had a problem that the ATF and the FBI both had key pieces of information that they weren't sharing with each other. They weren't in many cases doing what was necessary based on that information within their own agencies and so you had a situation where everybody chose to block barriers and close their eyes and hope for the best and the next thing you know a bomb goes off in Oklahoma City. The things that got missed most particularly were the things that the FBI could have done the ATF could have done based on what they had failed to do before but human nature being what it is and institutional cowardice being what it is they chose not to. There were a large number of people we now know from the documentary record who came forward and showed that the number of people had foreknowledge of the bombing none of those people were ever questioned by the FBI. There was for example a man on death row who was executed on the very same day as the bombing by the name of Wayne Snell who happened to have plotted in 1983 to blow up the same building the Murrow Building in Oklahoma City. He talked to his prison guards in very vivid terms about how his friends were going to take revenge for his death. On the night before the bombing he was up all night watching the TV and then when the news came through the bombing he started celebrating like crazy in his cell. He wasn't obviously available to interview because he was executed 12 hours after the bombing but his wife who visited him regularly was in close touch with the militia movement and some of the fringe elements that in the same circles that McVeigh moved in. She was never properly questioned there was one perfunctory interview that was it. The people who Mary Snell his wife had been talking to including Louis Beam who was the biggest propagandist for the radical far right. He'd openly declared war on the government. He was never questioned and on and on and on and it's not that these people were necessarily directly involved in the plot we don't know because that investigation never happened but they were obvious people to go and talk to to press to see who you know what they might have known. Beam for example had been in Waco at the siege at exactly the same time as Timothy McVeigh in the spring of 1993 had they met we don't know they were there at exactly the same time McVeigh knew exactly who he was. Beam had developed this theory of how to fight a guerrilla war called leaderless resistance and McVeigh was a student of that and what he did was essentially a perfect exemplar of that so there are lots of reasons to think they certainly had a lot in common and yet Beam was not touched. The other place which was left almost completely alone is a radical community in eastern Oklahoma by the name of Elohim City which as it was run was purportedly a pacifist community with people who had rather cookie ideas about how to live their lives they homeschooled their children they had their own money system they had their own sense of time they measured time according to the solar clock and every day began at noon and ended at noon instead of midnight to midnight and on and on but in this community there were a large number of people who either passed through or lived there who were radical criminals there were members of a very violent revolutionary bank robbery gang who were extremely successful they robbed 22 banks over a two-year period they talked about financing a revolution to overthrow the government none of them was ever questioned about the Oklahoma City bombing they were pursued for the bank robberies but nothing else there were other violent criminals at Elohim City likewise they were never questioned and I think the explanation for this is twofold number one the federal government and the federal agencies didn't want to dwell on their own past mistakes the fact that they had been tracking or should have been tracking these people and failed to do what was necessary to find out what might have been in the works and in particular the ATF hadn't undercover informant at Elohim City who was pulled out just a few weeks before the bombing not because she wasn't good at what she did but rather the opposite she was giving the ATF such disturbing information they understood that if they were going to keep her there they were gonna have to do something about it and the last thing the ATF wanted was to get into a confrontation like they had at Waco like they had at Ruby Ridge and screw it up again because Congress was after them the Republican majority wanted the agency closed down essentially and so the head of the ATF he told me this quite openly and frankly made a decision that he was going to close down the informed operation and just hoped that nothing bad was going to happen and he admitted to me 15 years later he said you know what if she'd stayed there we probably would have found out about the bombing and we would have probably stopped it so there was a big institutional imperative not to dwell on those mistakes and then going forward with the prosecution of McVeigh and Nichols the imperative then became we need to get these people convicted we need to push for the maximum sentence and nothing needs to get in the way of that goal and it became very tempting for the prosecution to say you know what if there are indications of other people if there's the possibility of delving into the radical far right with who knows what results the problem is that we may just give ammunition to the defense at trial without actually establishing any more facts about who is responsible for this terrible act and so piece by piece by piece every one of those lines of investigation was closed down sometimes the FBI closed it down itself sometimes the prosecutors said you know what we're not interested in this let's let it drop one famous example that was in the news at the time was so-called John Doe to figure there were two people who were reported to have rented the ride a truck that was used to carry the bomb the first one was assumed to be McVeigh and in fact one of the interesting things about the case is the government never really proved that it was McVeigh for a number of reasons we can go into afterwards but the second person was an absolute mystery there was a huge manhunt for him leads came cascading down on the FBI they couldn't deal with any of them all the people they were told about turned out to be not connected to the crime and after about a month they came up with a theory of misassociation based on other people who come into the same rental agency to rent a truck and said you know what the employees there got muddled up between two different days and John Doe to effectively does not exist and one of my contacts in the FBI who was in Washington who was monitoring the investigation from their turn to one of his colleagues and said is the problem that he doesn't exist or that you just couldn't find him which I think is the really opposite question here so John Doe to was made to disappear and again piece by piece by piece all these other things were made to disappear in the run-up to trial the Justice Department one or two prosecutors in particular together with one or two FBI agents went to all the key witnesses and really sort of drill down on them to try and get them to change their testimony if they had testimony that was not in line with the prosecution theory and in some cases get them to admit that an identification they've made earlier was mistaken and they must have been talking about someone else this is actually permitted under the federal rules of evidence it's it's allowed in federal court to coach witnesses effectively you know the theory is you're talking them walking them through their evidence to make sure they're absolutely sure and clear about what they know versus what they don't know but in practice as many of the defense lawyers in the case told me this you know looks like coaching if not even coercion when it's really pushed to its extreme so you came to trial with a sort of a truncated case and even then the case against McVeigh was rather circumstantial there were a lot of things that the government couldn't really say for sure they didn't know how he learned how to build the bomb they didn't know for sure that he was the one who rented the truck when it came to the morning of the bombing plenty of people had seen McVeigh in Oklahoma City but every single person who saw him and there are about two dozen eyewitnesses all saw him with someone else and in some cases with other vehicles there was a whole panoply of information out there none of which was ever followed up again because the government couldn't figure out where it might lead and they were afraid of going down that path and the case that was put on in federal court against McVeigh in particular was very much based on emotion they showed images of the destruction they made sure that every few days after a lot of technical evidence they'd bring one of the bereaved relatives of the victims in to talk about losing a child in the daycare center or losing family members who were working for the federal government and made sure that the jury was really on the brink of tears all the way through and associated that emotion with McVeigh and that was really what got him convicted and got him the death penalty that and some less than stellar lawyering on the other side and I think partly because it was the 1990s and not the modern era with blogs with the internet and so on the government managed to keep a pretty good lid on all of this information there were a whole lot of conspiracy theories out there people seeing things that didn't make sense and guessing as to what they might mean but because the case files for the most part remained you know closed the defense lawyers got most of them they had to fight for a lot of them especially anything to do with other people but a lot of that information did not come out until until Roger Charles my co-author and I managed to get access to it a couple of years ago and because you know nobody in the government really wanted to admit all the things that had gone wrong what the internal discussions were within the prosecution team obviously there was no interest in talking about that at the time now we know a lot more as I say a leader was kept on the whole thing and at a conventional wisdom grew up that this was really basically a success by the federal government to manage to confront this terrible act and bring the prosecution of it to successful conclusion and I think it did the country a great disservice that this truncated version became received wisdom I think it did the country disservice in the run-up to 9-11 because there'd been no opportunity to absorb the lessons about poem city because they hadn't even been articulated I think going forward now there remains a lot of open questions you know clearly a lot of things have changed since 9-11 some of the things that made the FBI leery of conducting intelligence-based operations which were actually banned in in the 1990s this was a hangover from the Watergate era if something wasn't directly related to criminal prosecution the FBI wasn't allowed to do it the domestic terrorism wing of the FBI basically had almost no cases because they were terrified of going down that road at all that's obviously changed completely the other thing that's changed for what it's worth is it's now much harder to buy 50-pound bags of ammonium nitrate without a lot of questions being asked but a lot of things have not changed access to deadly weaponry is still pretty easy you have a situation where the federal law enforcement agencies is still very mistrustful each other the FBI and the ATF don't like each other one bit and you also socially and politically have a situation not dissimilar to the situation that McVeigh found himself in except compounded many times that you have people who've gone off to war in the US military they've seen you know combat many of them come back traumatized they come back to a terrible economy very high unemployment and you know whereas of the vast majority of them will find their way muddled through there will be a fringe who may well be attracted to radical ideologies who have the knowledge and the skill to think about becoming a warrior to fight against the system you also have a tremendous wave of anti-establishment feeling in this country at the moment again most of which is entirely legitimate whether it's the tea party on the right occupy on the left or other movements but on the fringes you have people who are radicalized by the fact that there's the first black president in the White House and you see in fact the Southern Poverty Law Center has tracked this there's a surge in the number of hate groups unparalleled really since the early to mid 90s at the time when McVeigh was coming out of the army there was the anti-establishment wave of Newt Gingrich's contract with America and the Republican majority that came into Congress in 1994 the anger against gun control that existed then which again you're seeing echoes of that and hints of that with the whole controversy over Trayvon Martin and the standard grand laws and all the rest of it so there are sort of unnerving parallels and I think there's a sense that something like this could happen again and it's not it's an open question I wouldn't pretend to know the answer whether the federal law enforcement agencies are better prepared now to face the risk than they were then one thing I do know for a fact from talking to people who were the leading experts and the most experienced people in tracking the radical far right in the 80s and 90s this is the lot of them have either now retired or been transferred to other duties after 9 11 a lot of them would switch to international terrorism to track radical Islamists and they were no longer looking at the domestic threat so I think it is an open question whether or not this threat is being adequately monitored now I will stop there for the moment there's plenty more to talk about Peter I think wants to ask one or two questions and then I would love it if we could we could get into a conversation the book is Oklahoma City what the investigation missed and why it still matters what do you think what is the you know if you had perfect knowledge of of what the event that happened what was McVeigh's role in it and who are the other conspirators to the extent you can a lot of that is guesswork yeah first thing to say and one of the things is very careful of when writing this book is I didn't want to be accused of being another conspiracy theorist in fact in the preface I talked quite extensively about how that phrase was used and misused by everyone including the government who every time they were criticized legitimately would dismiss their critics as conspiracy theorists I wanted to make it as hard for members of the government or former members of the government who I criticized in this book to come back with that line so let me say first of all this is guesswork but it's some of it is inspired guesswork or informed guesswork I think it's you know my reconstruction of what happened that morning based on talking to people who are involved in the investigation people who are on the ground for example the head of the federal protective service who is directly responsible for safety at the federal building and the federal complex because right next door at the federal building Oklahoma City is the federal courthouse right next to that across an alley is the old post office building which is also full of legal offices and federal courthouses my reconstruction is this is that McVeigh was almost certainly with some other people we don't know how many but probably not that many because the whole principle was leaderless resistance you don't have any more people in on the plot than you absolutely need but it seems there was more than one vehicle and that the original plan was to drive the truck into the underground garage beneath the federal courthouse and blow that up and kill a lot of federal judges they made a very merely very elementary mistake and I heard about this through my contacts in the radical far right but also in law enforcement that they forgot to measure the height of the truck and it didn't fit into the garage so at 8 30 in the morning they try and drive the thing in holy crap we can't fit the thing in what do we do now the next thing that it appears they tried to do was to fit into the alley between the federal courthouse and the old post office building which was where the private garage where the federal judges came in only they could use that garage and that plan was thwarted because there was a federal marshals truck that was transporting a prisoner to court that morning that was sitting in that alley and according to Tom Hunt who was the head of federal protective service who knew the Marshall according to the Marshall and according to one or two others the rider truck went into the alley saw the drop marshals truck reversed came back out again they were seen in various locations around downtown Oklahoma City trying to figure out what to do and then it seems this there was an improvised last-minute decision to park the car in the handicapped spot on the north side of the Murrow building directly beneath the daycare center where a lot of federal workers had their children go to school to preschool and it further appears that this was McVeigh's idea and how do we know this we know this because in December 1994 McVeigh and his friend Michael Fortier visited Oklahoma City McVeigh was seen by the woman who ran the daycare center and her husband who happens to be Tom Hunt the head of the federal protective service he went up to the daycare center started asking a lot of really weird questions he said he was a military recruiter moving from Wichita he had two children didn't want to give their names now didn't want to give his wife's name didn't want to give his own name he didn't have a name badge and all he was asking about was security for the daycare center that was his only interest and Danielle Hunt who was the woman who ran it thought this is the weirdest thing ever her husband when he came in with his uniform spooked McVeigh completely who then left by another entrance so that he wouldn't have to run into him again four months later the hunts look at each other when they see the news on the TV and said that's the guy who came into our office so it seems that it was that was made McVeigh's idea the next thing that I figured out is that the car which was missing the real license plate probably wasn't intended as a getaway car in the sense that it was actually used it was meant as what in bank robbery parlance is known as a drop car it was supposed to be a car that would just get him to the city limits and then he would switch cars and drive off in another one somehow that plan went wrong and we don't know why whether it was because his co-conspirators saw that he blown up the the the federal building instead of the federal courthouse and were appalled at that decision and just melted away as fast as they could and left him on his own or for some other reason we just don't know that is the realm of speculation but I'm pretty convinced that the reason he was driving that car towards the Kansas border rather than another vehicle that actually worked properly because this car was on the verge of breaking down as well as not having a real license plate and on and on and on I don't think he ever intended to be driving that car out of town and that was where the plot started unraveling and once he was caught he decided that he was going to take sole credit to protect the identity of the others and really his you know his reviews on the radical far right after the attack were terrible everybody said you know what was he thinking you know we should have been attacking the FBI we should have been attacking the ATF we shouldn't have been attacking social security workers and ordinary people going to social security offices going to hide offices we should absolutely not have been attacking toddlers and preschoolers you know this is the worst thing they could have possibly done it's killed the revolutionary movements stone dead which in fact turned out to be the case so but that he did move they did have credit in the movement for one thing and that was for not not talking about other people he kept quiet all the way through to his execution in fact he hastened his own execution and I can go into that if you want to make sure that he'll be executed in record time and the extraordinary thing is McVay wanted to take sole credit for the crime the federal government that was worried about news getting out that there may have been others that they'd missed with thrilled that he was willing to take sole credit they stuck with that storyline to and so their interest converged and and those storylines became the received wisdom and you know I firmly believe that's that's a very over simplistic version of it you've mentioned that you had access to documents that people hadn't had previously or what are those documents and how did you come about a lot of it is just the dense detail of the FBI investigation so they interviewed 18,000 witnesses over a two three year period some of those had come out previously a lot of them hadn't was it a foyer thing or how did you get no the way we got access to it is that Terry Nichols gave permission for those documents to be released and his last trial lawyer who represented him in state court in Oklahoma very reluctantly abided by his wishes and handed them over so there were also fire documents that came to light there were other things that came to light in more and about ways some really spectacular documents which show how the federal government was not in the different arms of the federal government not talking to each other one spectacular document we got with the field notes of a social of a secret service agent who was responsible for tracking the phone records in the first few days of the investigation she did an unbelievable job in putting the whole thing together in almost no time she was then airbrushed out of the story completely the FBI accused her of breaking protocol of obtaining things without proper subpoenas of jeopardizing the admissibility of the phone records completely they pretended she didn't exist they read it her investigation from scratch and this document her field notes it was as though it never existed the trial judge never saw it the prosecution never saw it the defense certainly never saw it and when I showed it to the head of the FBI investigation of the bombing and he read it he said I don't want judge mage the trial judge to know that this thing exists because if it is he's going to come off to heads in the first head he's going to come after his mind he was absolutely alarmed that this document had never come to light so you can see the way in which there were these extraordinary intrigues within the investigation information being withheld people's roles being suppressed agencies trying to grab credit from each other it was a real mess you your co-author what's his background and writing a book solo is difficult but writing it with another person must be another layer of difficulty so how was that what Roger Charles provided was access to the documents and access to Terry Nichols Terry Nichols because of the Patriot Act is not allowed to speak to the media and I don't want to go into details but Roger figured out a way to talk to him anyway and because he got to talk to him we managed to get the discovery documents through Terry Nichols and that was you know an invaluable contribution to this project if Nichols under a special administrative measures that's so-called what why isn't he allowed to talk to the media because he is a terrorist under the Patriot Act I you know I hesitate to give chapter inverse because I don't remember chapter right but my understanding is that the federal government now has the ability to deny media access to anyone invoking the Patriot Act and particularly people who are convicted of terrorism and terrorist related activities where is he now he's in the Supermax in Colorado and he's been there since the beginning what do you think the influence of the Turner Diaries was on like they in this plot let me explain quickly what the Turner Diaries is it is a book that was written under a pseudonym by William Pierce who was the head of the National Alliance which was basically the leading neo-nazi organization in the United States and it's a pretty startling read it's basically about a group of revolutionaries who respond to an attempted government crackdown on guns on personal possession of guns and in response the first thing they do is they blow up FBI headquarters in Washington with a truck bomb which is driven into the underground garage if you can hear a few echoes already it's probably not a coincidence and they don't stop there and by the end of the book they've dropped a nuke on Washington DC which might seem slight overkill in response to a gun control law but it's it's an astonishing book it's you know for ordinary readers I think it's impossible to get through without wanting to take several cold showers along the way but it was a bestseller on the gun show circuit and really popular with a lot of people who were drawn to this extremist ideology and I think it's a heavily racist book as well but I think the appeal of it was actually less the racism than it was the radical anti-government revolutionary spirit this idea that we need to band together take arms against the corrupt government and you know if need be destroy the world in order to prove that we are pure and correct and other real heirs of the founding fathers of the American constitution McVerry read it when he was in the army he always had it with him when he went around on the gun show circuit selling his rather poultry wares at gun shows he pressed it on anybody who he could possibly find to press it on and you know you can see in the conception of the plot a number of echoes William Pearce also wrote a second book called Hunter and that is about somebody who goes around shooting into racial couples who then gets recruited by a shady government recruiter who then gets him to do a number of things including blowing up a Mossad office in Virginia with an ammonium nitrate bomb and there's a very detailed description of how that bomb is put together and again you can see a lot of ways in which what McVerry ended up doing with however many people he ended up doing it with was inspired by these books and I think you know if you look at his letters if you look at the way that he talked to his friends it becomes clear that he lived in a bit of a fantasy world of the Turner diaries and in September 1994 when the government passed the assault weapons ban he saw that as the Turner diaries coming to life Terry Nichols told us that he said that was an absolutely key moment for McVerry and that was not coincidentally the moment when they started assembling bomb components and started thinking about their revolution one interesting question is why would they assemble bomb components in September and October of 94 if the bomb is only going to go off in April 1995 to which according to Terry Nichols and I actually believe him on this I think the plan was to blow up something like the federal building local home city much sooner and to aim for something really big for April 19th probably the FBI headquarters is what they would have loved to have done why didn't they blow up anything or attempt to blow up anything sooner than April mainly because Terry Nichols got spooked and left the country McVerry then tried to recruit Michael Fortier he was another army buddy of his who lived in Arizona he also got spooked said no he came with him on that trip to Oklahoma City where they where they checked out the federal building McVay was to the daycare center but then he said oh I'm not having anything more to do with that so McVay was left high and dry with no one to carry out the plot with when Terry Nichols came back from the Philippines which is where he went then McVay got back in touch with him and things moved towards April the 19th but I believe the plan was to start earlier and build up to a crescendo to some grand finale on April 19th which in McVay's head even if it wasn't practically anything they could have ever pulled off the idea was to blow up the FBI just like in the Ternodares great let's open it to the audience if you have a question just identify yourself and wait for the mic I'm Matt Bennett third way this is all fascinating the secret service agent notes that you read did you were there things in there that were exculpatory is that why the FBI agent was so worried that this would come to the attention of the judge or what what was it about those notes that made them so interesting this is it's a very good question and I grappled with it and the the lawyer for for William Morrow grappled with it too because we had to try and figure out you know how much was an argument of convenience by the FBI because they wanted to take credit for this how much of it was a turf war between between the secret service and the FBI and how much of it was you know real grounds for concern that the agent whose name was Mary Riley had made some kind of mistake I can tell you that she was actually investigated internally by the secret service for having violated various things in terms of seeking subpoenas getting information through the proper channels observing the correct protocol she was actually cleared in that investigation but as soon as it was over she left the secret service she got a very high profile job with the Bank of America which which she still has so whether she was scapegoated you know who knows I tried to find out you know what the internal politics of that were I didn't get very far a couple of things that we do know one is that she was in very close touch with a very senior official in the Justice Department by the name of Donna Buseller who's still very much part of the Homeland Security apparatus who was getting her to fax things directly to her and when I told members of the FBI task force that that is what had occurred they went bananas and said you can't do that it has to go through the task force in Oklahoma City that Donna Buseller should have known that this agent if she didn't know that then her bosses should have known that this was a violation of protocol it seems a little bit you know inside baseball from the outside there was also an issue with the financial records of everyone who was a subscriber to the same phone card that Terry Nichols had subscribed to which McVeigh used that card as well the spotlight company which publishes a far right-wing magazine also offered these phone cards there were about 5000 subscribers subscribers and Mary Riley asked for the financial records of all 5000 people and from my FBI sources apparently this was a huge problem because it was a potential violation of a lot of people's privacy had nothing to do with the bombing whatsoever but having said that you know what was not clear to me is whether Mary Riley made these mistakes herself if she indeed made them or if she was following directions she was doing everything right she was faxing everything she you know we know from her fax headers that she was sending everything to the task force in Oklahoma City as well as Donna Buseller in Washington or ever Donna Buseller was because she went to Oklahoma City for a while too so it's unclear if she did anything wrong but the FBI used that as an excuse to shut the Secret Service out completely they didn't trust the Secret Service they didn't think they were a good investigative agency and I have to say from having seen their documents with the exception of Mary Riley's work I would tend to agree with that assessment and when they went to court the only people who appeared in court were the FBI phone records analysts and there was one witness who who um work who was the head of the company that um ran the phone service that the spotlight cards were used through he attempted to talk about the Secret Service agent in his testimony and prosecution attorney jumped up as fast as he could raise an objection and change the subject as fast as possible and when you read the trial transcript knowing this backstory you know exactly why but you know when the jury was listening to it in court they didn't know why this attorney was jumping up and objecting it just looked like a piece of courtroom procedure so it's there was this fascinating piece of you know background politics going on and there's this is just one instance of that through the trial you know once you've read all the documents and then you reread the trial transcript you realize there's this whole intrigue going on and and it was reflected in who was called to the stand how they were questioned which questions they were not allowed to answer and on and on why was the Secret Service involved anyway they have general investigative interests in a number of things they were tracking the radical far right for a number of reasons um this is why I don't think they're very good because I saw their documents where they're talking about you know the radical far right in Oklahoma and that document is riddled with mistakes that were pulling second third fourth hand information from from all over the place one other way in which the Secret Service got involved is that um I mentioned a little bit ago the neo-nazi bank robbery gang who were called the Aryan Republican army who robbed 22 banks um before they became the bank robbery gang one of their members by the name of Richard Guthrie had publicly threatened to kill president George W. Bush H. W. Bush excuse me and his best friend from childhood who ended up being the ringleader of the bank robbers was was somebody by the name of Pete Lang and who was in prison in Florida for holding up a pizza joint the Secret Service went to him offered to use him as an informant if he would go find Richard Guthrie for them so he was sprung from prison he was given a bus ticket to Cincinnati where he was from he and Guthrie met up and they went underground and that's when they started robbing banks together so the Secret Service gave Pete Lang and the gift of his life um not not not not the world's most stellar law enforcement operation the bank robberies were also influenced by the Turner Diaries absolutely um and one of the biggest omissions um in the whole investigation was when the bank robbers started to be arrested which occurred in early 96 to mid 96 most of them were picked up um there was no crossover between that investigation and the bombing investigation and that absolutely should have been when they raided a safe house in Columbus Ohio where they'd holed up they found a gallon jugs of nitromethane which was the uh material that was used mixed with ammonium nitrate to make the bomb and for the Oklahoma City bombing they found um they found blasting caps they found various other explosive elements they found um they even found Christmas wrapping paper that was very similar to the Christmas wrapping paper that McVay had used to wrap up a bunch of blasting caps when he transported them at some point across the country um now not only were the investigators in Oklahoma City not told about this but a lot of this evidence was actually destroyed the blasting caps and the Christmas paper for example were destroyed so there was no possibility after the fact to even look at them and see is there a link here or isn't there um when I spoke to one of the prosecutors who prosecuted the bank robbers and you know I there's a lot of detail here of different individuals which I'll spare you but there were a couple of people in particular in the rob bank robbery gang who were fingered by some of the others as potential bombers in Oklahoma City and when I asked the the prosecutor why wasn't more effort made to see if indeed they were linked you know to investigate that he made it clear you know that the reason they weren't was because they were being used as witnesses for prosecution in the bank robbery prosecution and that was the main focus of interest and they didn't want to know whether they were involved in the Oklahoma City bombing because if they did it would just greatly complicate the prosecution and it it became just as it became easier to prosecute McVey and Nichols and say that's it because that way you're more sure of convicting them it became easier to prosecute the bank robbers stick to them and say that's it because otherwise that case might fall apart um so there's a lot of politics of how to prosecute these cases and you know I feel very strongly that and and not only I but a lot of the FBI agents involved in the Oklahoma City bombing who know this stuff now are furious that this wasn't properly processed and cross-checked so they could have seen if they could have found more conspirators in the bombing is there any possibility that any element of the case could be reopened it's difficult to see how um there've been various moments where that could have happened one was in 1998 towards the end of Terry Nichols' trial when the trial judge Richard Meech said from the bench there are a number of questions that remain unanswered and it would be very disappointing to me if the federal government stopped looking for those answers um the investigation did formally stay open for a while longer another point where things could have been picked up was in 2005 when Terry Nichols gave information via one of his um prison mates who was Gregory Scarper Jr a mafia figure from New York that there was more explosives buried under the house where he'd lived in Harrington Kansas and there was a whole soap opera about how the FBI got to find out about that but when they did they went digging they found the explosives Terry Nichols said if you go looking you will find fingerprints on those boxes that may lead you to other co-conspirators which is the reason why he talked about it because there was one of these people he wanted desperately to see prosecuted the FBI took three years to analyze the fingerprints and then when the results came back they said no usable fingerprints on here um and that was the end of that and as far as I know that was the last time any investigative action was taken in the Oklahoma City Bomb how did you get involved in writing this book I was first asked in 2001 just before McVay was executed to write a feature for The Independent my newspaper in London and my first reaction sight unseen was don't we know everything about that um and I read a book which McVay had essentially dictated to two journalists from his hometown Buffalo New York which is sort of his version of events and I read that and knowing very little about the case I thought you know I don't know much about the case but I do know that whatever happened it can't have been this because it makes no sense what was that what was a particular thing that didn't make sense mostly that he took credit for having done everything right um and it was as though you know he was this all-knowing all-seeing person who drifted through this landscape of middle America for two or three years he had no viable form of income he had no particular bomb making skill but somehow he managed to put together this plot all by himself and well it just it just made no sense and then when I found out that the government's version of the case was essentially the same that's when I started getting really intrigued and you know like everybody else I did a lot of guessing um and then as I say when these documents came out I thought okay here is the opportunity first of all to find out what the government knew and then another opportunity to go around and interview everybody see if they'll talk and find out what the inside story was and the great pleasure of this project was that almost everybody did talk they were very frank and a lot of people were really furious about what would happen and were thrilled to have the opportunity to make it public and you know in in what they said was you know this is a fabulous project we wish you all the best which translated into English meant we want you to get to the bottom of absolutely everything except the part that embarrasses me I think that's life in general right in the back here yeah John Miller from Ohio State and from Cato Institute you mentioned in somewhat in passing that the bombing killed the movement would you expand a little bit more on that and uh there if there were a bunch of other people we've not lived 17 years since that essentially nothing's happened they haven't done anything as far at least as far as I know so maybe it'd been best just to let it go rather than spend octillion dollars trying to trace these people down maybe never convict them um that's certainly an argument that I've heard from the people who involved in the investigation you know the argument is essentially you never catch everyone we caught the main people you know so be it life goes on and nothing bad has happened I would contest that nothing bad has happened I mean certainly no federal buildings have been blown up um but a number of people who I believe should have been questioned because they either demonstrated that they had foreknowledge of the bombing or because they had espoused the same cause of violent revolution absolutely went on and did more very unpleasant things uh the bank robbers continued robbing banks for example um there was a character called Chevy Kehoe who on the morning of the bombing was bugging a motel owner in Spokane Washington to turn on CNN um and as soon as he turned on CNN 10 minutes later the first news the bombing dropped and he looked like he knew all about it and the motel keeper was absolutely spooked and when he told the FBI this the FBI showed no interest in it whatsoever Chevy Kehoe went on to kill a family uh a gun dealer and his his wife and an eight-year-old daughter in Arkansas about a year later you know there were a number of very unpleasant things that happened and I'm not saying that the investigation had it being conducted differently would have prevented those but at the very least we would have had more answers and if any of these people were involved they would have been taken off the street so I definitely take issue with the idea that nothing bad happened as a result of not taking the investigation wider um what was the other part of your question excuse me right right okay hi I'm Gordon Whitken with the Center for Public Integrity the book discusses uh kind of a rogues gallery of the radical right there's a lot of folks that you provide some illumination about of that whole group of folks who are the ones that you think were most likely involved directly in the conspiracy I'll tell you right off this is the question that the lawyer Harper Collins never wants me to answer but I'll answer it anyway um but I have to catch it in very careful terms you know first of all um I say this in the book too you know that book authors are not are not crime investigators we don't have subpoena power we don't have the power of arrest you know we can't bug people's phones so there are limits to how much a book author can know we can have suspicions we can look at documents we can see what the investigators knew uh and base it on that um you know here's a list of people I would have absolutely questioned or found a way to question um I think Lewis Beam would be very high on the list again he was the propagandist for the movement he'd been very active since the 1980s in the clearing war on the government he made an absolutely incendiary speech in 1992 in the wake of the Ruby Ridge incident in which he basically said you know the federal government's going to come and take your children in your homes and you have to take up arms and fight back against them if you don't want that to happen um very bright very dangerous man um the FBI received information on him in early 96 that he knew that something was up uh before the bombing he talked about some kid they had who was going to do something and he mentioned a number of cities in the Midwest that were going to be attacked and forgive me for not remembering but I think Oklahoma City was on the list of of places that was mentioned um again I have no information Lewis Beam was involved directly whatsoever um but the fact that the federal government never even spoke to him about it is absolutely astonishing there's a very seasoned ATF agent who wonderful man named Jim Kavana now retired who described Lewis Beam as the as the hydrish of the radical far right you know he was he was that kind of charismatic extremely dangerous person um so he would be high on my list of people to talk to the bank robbers um there's a lot of a lot of information to suggest that McVay knew them um it's possible also that he was involved in some way in some of the bank robberies it appears that McVay got a hold of bank notes from somewhere very possibly through these bank robberies he gave some of them to his sister to recycle um he bought his sister a brand new um SUV at a certain point we don't know where the money for that came from because she was a student whose only viable form of income as far as we know was doing new Jella wrestling in a in a bar in in upstate New York on the weekends um which is something that the FBI found very amusing as well um you know lots of unanswered questions about what sources of income McVay was living off in that time between leaving the army and and the bombing um so you know they were absolutely you know and then the people at Elohim City um the FBI did go to Elohim City they did ask some questions but by the time they got there which was mid-96 so a year after the bombing most of the radical criminals who had been there were flushed out the leader of the community Robert Millar very clever man he made sure that he was in touch with federal law enforcement constantly he made himself available he said if you want anything i'll give you whatever you want the FBI in particular and the ATF never really asked him for much and interestingly after the bombing it was Millar who came to Elohim City to the task force to talk to them not the other way around because he was trying to make sure that the rumors he was hearing of the FBI or the ATF raiding his community were not true or if they were true that he could ward it off um but they showed relatively little interest there were a lot of people there um including some of the leftovers from the 1983 plot to blow up the Mara building who were at Elohim City they were never questioned. So McVay was living at Elohim City for some period of time? He was no this is this is a great unanswered question um according to the official version as presented you know by the Justice Department what the prosecutors said when they were asked you know on the record at the time they said McVay was never at Elohim City we have no evidence that he was ever there so the idea that you were trying to link Elohim City into the plot is a conspiracy theory. What I found out 15 16 17 years later is in fact the FBI had written in a document to the Justice Department that they had solid information that he'd been there every investigator senior investigator I talked to including Bob Ricks who was the head of the FBI in Oklahoma at the time talked to Robert Millar on a regular basis he said he had information that McVay had either been there or had passed through on a regular basis um when I spoke to one of the federal prosecutors and said you know why wasn't more done to look at Elohim City his response 15 years later maybe having forgotten how vehemently this was denied in the past he said so McVay was there so what which I found a very revealing little slip um you know there's a tremendous amount of circumstantial evidence that he was there that he had friends there there was a shady German who lived at Elohim City by the name of Andreas Strasmeyer who ended up interviewing for four days straight in Germany a couple of years ago he knew McVay for sure because they'd met at a gun show he gave McVay his business card McVay called Elohim City two weeks before the bombing and according to an FBI document it may have been that he was calling to try and recruit somebody else because he wasn't sure if he could count on Terry Nichols Strasmeyer I don't believe was involved in the bombing having spoken to him at length and I don't think he would have spoken to me at all if he was but I do think he knows an awful lot and he told me some of it um but I think there are other things he knows that especially the extent of his friendship with McVay that he wasn't willing to let on just to give you a little hint of how close Strasmeyer may have been to McVay um fast forward six or seven months Strasmeyer was getting very nervous about federal law enforcement interest in him because they did become interested in him and he ended up leaving the country in very melodramatic fashion which is described in the book um one of the things that tipped off his friends in the far right that there may be a problem was um he bragged one day about having McVay's field jacket from the Gulf War and his friend Dave Holloway said oh come on Andy that's just nonsense you know you're just bragging as usual and he said no no no I really have it and he goes to a duffel bag and pulls out this jacket and Dave Holloway looks and sees that there's big red big red one insignia for the first infantry division and then he sees the the the the tag on it saying McVay and he goes holy crap you know this is not good um but again Strasmeyer was interviewed once very perfuncturally over the phone once he was back in Germany by two of the federal prosecutors and one FBI agent they just lobbed softball questions at him and it was clear the whole point of the interview was just to be able to say we've talked to you it's that particular um you know unfinished piece of business is now finished we can move on and um Danny Deffenbaugh who was the head of the FBI investigation into the bombing who was personally very interested in Strasmeyer was endlessly frustrated that that's the way things went. Thanks Ken Dante um one of the things about McVay was that he was part of this Christian identity movement and of course it's very much of an apocalyptic movement in some ways just generally to cause kind of a non-ending apocalypse it's kind of a warrior image would you like to comment if you know anything about the WMD idea like in a way he kind of created an asymmetric poor man's WMD which he drove to that uh the complex in Oklahoma City and I'm wondering and I think I I believe I read something that he had written about Sodom Hussein and the WMD is there kind of justifying that even justifying his own actions okay let me there are a few different pieces here to unpick so let me let me talk about a couple of them um the Christian identity movement is fascinating it's a it's a it's it's essentially you know a deeply racist form of religious belief that says that in a white Anglo-Saxon Protestants are essentially the true Christian the true children of Israel the Jews are the spawn of Satan and they have a whole theology going back to Adam and Eve and the Garden of Eden that justifies that and that African Americans are essentially you know subhuman um and it's a very dangerous it there are different theological strands of course it's not possible to have a fringe um belief like this without it breaking up into all kinds of rival factions um that it's a very dangerous ideology for a number of reasons and one of the offshoots of it is something that's known as the Phineas priesthood which again goes back to a story in the bible of a priest who used his javelin to kill um an Israelite who was having an affair with a Midianite woman I believe anyway the the theory is that Phineas was a hero for killing an interracial couple and that the Phineas priesthood is an elite vanguard of radical right-wing anti-government warriors whose job it is to go around killing people and waging revolution in the name of religious as well as political righteousness um Mugwe having said that was not part of that um he knew those people and I think he sympathized with them but there's no evidence that Mugwe had any kind of religious bent that pushed him in the directions that he went um what I think is a more interesting area of looking at the wellsprings of his revolutionary ideas is his service in the Gulf War and his experience of fighting the Iraqis and he was he went into the Gulf War as the perfect soldier he his superiors couldn't believe how extraordinary he was he was always perfectly turned out he knew his weaponry he excelled at every task that was given to him when the soldiers went kind of crazy on the weekends and got drunk he would make sure that he stayed sober and he would use his car to drive him around get him home safely charge money for it um everybody loved him he goes to the Gulf he's a gunner he his job is to man a Bradley fighting vehicle he wins medals um it performed extraordinary feats one on one on a particular occasion when he managed to kill in iraqi at a distance of about a mile uh one shot took him out um but as the fighting went on and in particular towards the in the four days of the ground war when literally the americans were moving forward and just grinding up iraqi soldiers into the sand with huge machines burying them alive um something happened to mcveigh and i'm not a psychologist and i wouldn't pretend to be able to describe in exact terms what that was but i can say that beforehand he was gung-ho he was killing with great alacrity some of his fellow soldiers reported that he actually killed soldiers who'd already surrendered therefore you know was potentially a war criminal he did all that with great gusto and then suddenly something hit him and he decided these people are poor conscripts they shouldn't be our enemy the united states has no business doing anything other than defending its own borders this is some great corruption we've been hoodwinked into performing a united nation's operation when it's the last thing we should be doing and mcveigh ended up identifying with iraqis he became disillusioned he left the army um and he's cracked in a certain way and one fascinating piece of information is that at a certain point about a year after he left the army he called a veterans administration hospital in florida uh he'd been feeling suicidal and was looking for psychological help um and they were willing to give it to him and then he said can i come in without giving my name and you know identifying myself and they said no no we need to know who you are and then he dropped the idea and never went in and it's tantalizing to think that if he'd sought help then things might have turned out rather differently but um you know that was certain i don't know anything to do with saddam hussein and weapons of mass destruction i'm not aware of any link that he made to that okay question here the book talks about how at a fairly key point in the investigation as a result of the fallout from ruby ridge that two of the fbi senior folks danie colson and larry potts were essentially sidelined can you talk a little bit about what you think the impact of that was on the direction of the investigation and also give us your assessment of the conduct of the fbi director louis free in this investigation it's a great question um one of the things that is absolutely hair raising when you get into the detail of this investigation is that there was a political battle royal going on within the fbi at the time and it had a terribly damaging effect on the investigation essentially in the wake of ruby ridge and waco there was tremendous amount of pressure from congress to find culprits for the screw ups and for the fbi to make itself accountable the atf also um louis free at the same time he took over after waco in 1993 he had this idea he had only been in the fbi for six years and i think you know partly for reasons that one can justify that he thought that the fbi was top-heavy two managerial which for which there's a very good argument to be made and partly i think for for personal reasons he didn't like the top brass of the fbi he felt like he wasn't outside he felt like they didn't like him he was going to go after them and by the time he was done as director he had replaced every single special agent in charge so the heads of the field divisions of the fbi he'd replaced every single one and he started that process right at the beginning and he had it in for those people um larry potz who he mentioned he wanted him to be his deputy director he was somebody who had gone through the ranks very fast he never was a special agent in charge um he was an exception but danny colson who was the special agent in charge in dallas when the bomb went off he was on the director's shit list uh joe martin olich who was up in detroit who played an instrumental role in going after james nickles fought furiously with the director because he didn't believe there's enough evidence to arrest james nickles for anything related to the bombing uh free said i don't care arrest him anyway we'll find the evidence afterwards martin olich ended up leaving the bureau early he was sidelined essentially but to come back to what you're talking about um there was a tremendous amount of pressure to find people who were accountable for the mistakes at ruby ridge in particular and what happened at ruby ridge from the fbi point of view just to say it very briefly is that there was a rewrite of the rules of engagement that effectively opened the door for an fbi sniper to kill vicki weaver who was the wife of the person who the federal government was trying to arrest while she was holding her 14-year-old baby in her arms and this was an appalling act by any by any standard and randy weaver who was the one they were after when they ended up trying to prosecute him in court after this debacle he ended up walking free his lawyer jerry spence managed to humiliate the government in court because they had really behaved in an appalling way and nothing nothing represented that more than this sniper shooting of vicki weaver in fact on radical right-wing circles the name of the sniper was circulated at gun shows and you know people were encouraged to go find him and kill him which never happened um but anyway it was very important for certain members of congress for members of the public for people who care deeply about this to find who had been responsible for changing the rules of engagement and the fbi launched its own internal investigation the justice department launched an investigation it's incredibly murky to sort of figure out exactly what happened but larry pot certainly was involved in the discussions of changing the rules of engagement danie colson was peripherally involved in those discussions as well and in the summer of 1995 when the oakland city bombing investigation was in a very hot um they ended up being put on administrative leave along with three others they were never told why they were being put on administrative leave they stayed there for two years they weren't even given the means to defend themselves because they didn't know what they were being accused of and pots and colson in the end were just allowed to retire there was no disciplinary action taken against them but they were effectively taken out of the picture um they had actually been taken off the oakland city investigation even sooner than that colson was involved in the first few days he's a very um he's a very interesting character he had tremendous amount of experience in in going up against the radical far right he had been responsible for a siege in 1985 against a group called the covenant the sword in the arm of the lord which ended peacefully unlike weco um so he was a logical person to turn to in this in this investigation he certainly felt like he should have been asked to run it instead of which he was told his services were no longer required after the first week or so he was very shocked by that larry potts meanwhile was promoted to deputy director um just a couple of weeks after the bombing louis free thought that the bombing would give him enough cover to make the appointment stick uh jamie garellic the deputy attorney general was furiously opposed but she eventually relented um but after the appointment was made there was a public outcry everybody said how can you point this guy as deputy as deputy of the fvi when he's got you know taint when his name is tainted from ruby ridge larry potts basically fought for his name for six weeks instead of overseeing the oklahoma city investigation and then when he was put on administrative leave that was the end of his career um who did their point to to run the investigation the logical person would have been bob ricks who was the special agent in charge in oklahoma ricks had a couple of strikes against him one was that he had been very charming with uh robert millard ahead of elaheem city um and there were questions as to whether he'd handled that right i don't know if that's the reason why free overlooked him i think the reason free overlooked him was because um they'd both been rivals for the job of director of the fbi in 1993 um and free didn't want to give any ammunition to to ricks to challenge him in any way which is the way he seemed to behave with a lot of the special agents in charge the ricks is shunted aside for the first month they have less than a month they have welden kennedy who's somebody on the way out of the bureau regarded as a safe pair of hands he comes in from arizona he he minds the shop then he's out of there because he doesn't want to be involved anymore he ends up becoming deputy director in in in potts's place and they appoint a man called danie deafenbaugh who had never been in charge of anything much he was a bomb specialist he'd been the number two in mobile alabama um but he was not regarded as somebody who had any managerial skill and i spoke to danie deafenbaugh a tremendous amount of this book he was a terrific source i'm extremely grateful to him but he's the first person who will tell you you shouldn't put me in charge of anything i don't have the right temperament you know he's he's got a short fuse he's irascible he doesn't get along with people and he didn't have the sufficient political clout to do the things that the head of the investigation should have been able to do so for example when he wanted to interview andra strassmeyer and he was overruled that's a typical example of the limits of danie deafenbaugh's power he wanted to go off to somebody by the name of roger more who was um a retired boatbuilder very rich uh lived part of the year in iranche in arkansas with his girlfriend part of the year in florida with his wife he had an open relationship with both of them he went on the gun show circuit his his girlfriend ran an ammunition business there are there are a lot of reasons to think that mcvay's relationship with roger more was very fishy uh danie deafenbaugh was one of them but the prosecutors decided they wanted roger more as a prosecution witness because they believe that mcvay had been responsible for a robbery at roger more's ranch and their theory was that this is what had financed the bombing mcdeafenbaugh was overruled on that yet again in the run up to the trial the prosecutors went to a field agent not to deafenbaugh but to a field agent to go through the witness testimony they went around deafenbaugh deafenbaugh was furious there was nothing he could do he was basically burned from all sides um he was thought of as somebody who wasn't the right person for the job and it's really extraordinary that louis free appointed him and one has to speculate that the reason was that free wanted somebody relatively weak in oklahoma city so that the real leadership of the investigation could be conducted elsewhere along the lines that i've been describing all along i hope that answers your question gentlemen in front here what's your name sir gary forber with the epoch times um i might understand then that that um mcvay um when he checked out the oklahoma city he he knew that the bomb was then going to it was really targeting the the daycare center now i thought it was something that he didn't want to happen but it was just a collateral damage but you're saying it was a deliberate intention to make that the he certainly said after the bombing you know whoops sorry didn't mean to kill the kids um i don't believe him from an instant no i think it was absolutely deliberate he wanted to take revenge for the children who died at weco um there's another little wrinkle to that story which is something that no one's ever got to the bottom of and various people have tried the local law enforcement tried the federal for prosecutors tried to look at it as well in 1993 terry nickles his two-year-old son jason asphyxiated to death on a plastic bag at the nickles farm um and it was deemed to be an accident but no one completely believed that it was first of all marifay nickles the boy's mother didn't believe it she first um wondered if her husband had had something to do with it she was terrified that he had she suspected mcvey she suspected all kinds of people the local coroner didn't believe entirely that it was an accident but he couldn't prove otherwise the local police had their suspicions as i say federal law enforcement had their suspicions one possibility and we don't know any more than that is that mcvey killed jason nickles first of all as some kind of really twisted way to terrify the life out of terry and force him to drag you know scare him into doing what he wanted from there on out that that's one possible motivation and the other is there's a kind of trial run to see if he could kill children and and and be okay with it i don't know if that's true or not but the part i'm absolutely convinced of is that he knew about the daycare center and that he blew it up deliberately we know that because he visited in december of 1994 and we know that also because you know i never did this because i never went to a climb the city before the bombing but when you were on fifth street where he left the truck and looked up you could see the artwork of the children on the plate glass windows of the day of the mara building directly above you um and you know anybody who had even you know if you were driving up and you looked at the building you would have seen that there was children's activity going on on the second floor directly above the place where they left the truck any other questions what lessons if any can we take from this story hit to put it to put it in another way why should we revisit this now okay that's a great question i mean i think you know the two stages of answering that question the first is i think if the lessons of Oklahoma City had been articulated at the time there would have been an opportunity to learn from the maybe things would have gone differently in the run up to 9 11 that's point number one point number two where are we now i think it's instructive to look at the two incidents together actually you know how the federal government responded to the threat um in 94 95 how they responded to the different threat from al-qaeda in the run up to 9 11 and whether the federal authorities are any better now down anticipating threats from places they aren't looking than they were then you know i think that's a very pressing question i think another pressing question is to ask how do the federal law enforcement agencies work together you know how can we avoid the secret service the FBI the atf from all being at each other's throats with holding information um and being compartmentalized in that way in the first place and i think that question is very far from being answered you know when on joint terrorism task forces sort of a fairly big answer to that in theory but you look at what happened recently with the fast and furious scandal with the atf you know when they were walking guns across the border into mexico in an attempt to track across border crime and and it all blew up in their faces every fbi agent i've spoken to said you know this is unconscionable how can they do this they're a bunch of yahoo's they don't know what they're doing why did the atf even exist you know here we are in 2000 this was 2011 when i had those conversations but 2012 now you know those kind of you know the atf is now part of the justice department as is the fbi previously it was part of treasury that hasn't helped joint terrorism task forces i'm sure they work in some circumstances my experience of talking to atf and fbi agents is that every now and again you come across stories of how they work together beautifully so they certainly can um but um you know one of the most memorable lines that i was given was um an fbi agent who was based in oklahoma who was describing you know the way in which the atf made the first screw up at ruby ridge which they did they were the ones who are after randy weaver and it escalated from there they were the ones who made the first screw up at weiko which is also true um they were going to go in to try and investigate illegal weapons there they found out that they knew the people in the in the compound knew that they were coming but they went ahead anyway there was a shootout a whole bunch of people died at the beginning of the siege and in both cases the fbi then came in afterwards and you know in my view made their own mistakes but the line that i love is um tim arney this this agent in in muskogee said you know here we were looking at alaheim city the fact that the atf were talking about possibly raiding the place which they were and he went oh my god we don't want to take another bite out of that shit sandwich and that's the way the two agencies institutionally regard each other and i think to this day you know um another thing about alaheim city was that they did have meetings joint terrorism task force meetings effectively informal ones where the fbi and the atf would get together every now and again to talk about what they knew about what was going on at alaheim city because it had been a target for law enforcement for years before the bombing they would meet in a hotel room they'd sit there look at each other and they wouldn't say a word you know they would chitchat they would say things that meant nothing they weren't ever going to spit what they knew to the other neither of them knew very much to start with for the most part and they wouldn't communicate to the other what they knew even though that was the purpose of the meeting and i heard that from atf people who attended the meetings and from fbi people attended the meetings it's like yeah we it was kind of a joke we'd get together we'd theoretically be pooling our knowledge but actually that's the last thing we'd be doing and you know i think that problem hasn't gone away you know we at the new america foundation look at all the terrorism cases since 9 11 we've i think they're 190 plus center for roland here maintains the database of jihadi terrorism cases and it's interesting to me that in none of the jihadi terrorism cases of anybody try to do a biological radiological nuclear or chemical attack but if you can prepare with the right wing since 9 11 there've been four cases of fairly serious attempts to build a radiological weapon by people coming out of the right wing movement so in terms of you know we're always sort of looking at this the majino line problem it's sort of always looking at the wrong thing in a sense if there is a radiological bomb attack in this country it is far more likely to come out of the right wing which you've already said is sort of slightly re-energized when i say the right wing militia movement than it is to come out of sort of an al-qaeda related organization based on the just the evidence we have so i mean that i think they're i mean one i guess one sort of way to kind of close this andrew is to obviously oklahoma city was the you know it was as it helped clinton in a sense destroy new gingrich and it certainly destroyed the the militia movement what do you think the future of our right wing terrorism is in this country and given the fact in particular since 9 11 there has been a massive you know whether it's dhs or tsa or a hundred joint terrorism task forces and there's a huge amount of effort and and by the way a lot of this effort is directed at the right wing going going back to our database it it's just as likely for the government to put an informant into a right wing case as it is in a jihadi case is just as likely for there to be serious law enforcement effort based on the data that exists so what is the future of this are they sort of do they have any future i guess is a question wow um i don't know if i'm qualified to answer the question um i think you know one thing you can do is just you know one thing i i i cannot the one way i can answer it is to look back historically at in where the wellsprings of this kind of violence have come from and it has been a constant presence in it's been a feature of this country going back quite a long way um in the 1980s just to go back that far there were tremendously effective groups there was a group called the order that that killed allenberg the radio host in denver they knocked over an armored truck in northern california and got away with more than three million dollars there was the covenant that soared the arm of the lord they plotted a lot of things they did in practice rather fewer but they they had very serious plots to kill federal judges kill FBI agents they were thinking about putting cyanide in city water supplies this kind of thing in the nineties you had the okloma city bombing something that happened very recently which you know tying the politics into it which i think is very interesting um you know one of the features of the nineties until the okloma city bombing is that it became rather trendy especially within the context of the new gringrich revolution to attack the atf to attack the fbi to talk about jack booted thugs in in in bucket helmets um i think g gordon lydde on his radio show encouraged his listeners to shoot atf agents and make sure there's only headshots you know this kind of really irresponsible talk um there's been a whiff of that kind of thing recently i don't know if anybody remembers in 2010 uh someone flew a light plane into the irs building in austin texas um and there was a republican congressman from iowa um it's steve king i think i always get him a lot with p king but steve king who said you know i sympathize with why he did it i think there is a wellspring of sympathy at the you know within the political mainstream maybe on the edge of the political mainstream but nevertheless with it within it for the idea of someone who's so mad at the federal government that they're going to take up a weapon or use a plane as a weapon and and and and take retaliate reaction that's going to result in loss of life damaged property and so on and so forth and that to me is an alarming thing and if you look at the radicalization of the republican party and again i wouldn't tar the whole party with this but i think there has been as there was in the early to mid 90s a sort of a sense that somehow this is a legitimate part of american discourse the idea that you can take arms and start shooting people in the name of patriotism um and it's been part of the country from the beginning you know i think that one of the ways that american heroism is defined has always been in one of two ways there's a terrific book um by billy gibson called it's in here at the very beginning i'll look at our warrior dreams it's called you know we talked about the two sort of archetypical american heroes are you know the good soldier and the outlaw and mcveigh in many ways typified both of those things and i think the outlaw still has a romance in this society which is potentially very dangerous especially when you have weapons of mass destruction that are potentially within the reach of ordinary people well thank you andrew that was a really very interesting presentation thank you everybody for coming and let's give andrew a round of applause

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SPECTRUM21 I'm Speaking - Navigating Boss Status

www.socapglobal.com SPECTRUM21 Virtual - I'm Speaking - March 24, 2021 The pandemic hasn’t stopped women from continuing to take the lead as bosses across all sectors—from boardrooms to the White House—while juggling all the things that come with being a powerhouse in today’s society. Join us for real talk around the table about navigating your boss status through COVID and our new normal—focusing on key topics such as mental health, systemic barriers, networking, and motherhood. Speakers: Christine St. Vil, Founder, Social Scoop Allie Burns, CEO, Village Capital Leticia Peguero, Vice-President of Programs, The Nathan Cummings Foundation

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Hello, and welcome back from networking. Hi Monique. Hi Um, I had a chance to do the networking and I don't typically get to do that. It was really fun. I Saw someone else in the chat say that they love networking and hop in so that's already a good thing I think so you weren't the only one had fun. I Think one of the things that really struck me from my networking session is that I Heard things like this is helping me connect in different ways and I am trying to Think about how I take some of what I'm hearing today and moving it into my own work So just and then also I think another piece about the networking is you can start to chat people directly from there, too So I've been hearing from some folks that I haven't had a chance to catch up with in a little while So thank you everybody I'm really excited to move in to the second half of our program and Hear from another group of incredible women who are trailblazing in their own ways And so I think that it's uh, I'm excited to listen in on what they have to say Yeah, so we're gonna have a roundtable discussion with a few amazing women leaders We'll be joined shortly by Ali Burns CEO of a village capital Christine St. Ville founder of Social Scoop and Leticia piguero vice president of programs at the nation Cummings Foundation after that we'll pop back in for Q&A So keep these questions flowing in the chat being gauged When you hear something awesome, you know do a double click on it by posting it in the chat And then showing that showing it show you love as they say So I think there will be obviously many tweetable gems that will come out of this conversation with these amazing amazing woman leaders, so We'll shortly be joined by them and it'll be a conversation on navigating boss status with some bosses. Yeah So we'll see you all in a second. Bye Hi there I'm so excited about this and then we're waiting for Ali to hop on hopefully she can Just a second, but I guess we can get started with just sharing a little bit about who we are So thank you all for having us for allowing us to be here and share this space with you guys I'm super excited as I'm shared I'm Christine St. Ville. I'm the founder of the social scoop Which is a community for mompreneurs to help them leverage social media for their businesses My most important job is being a mom to my three kids 9 11 and 13 and a wife of almost 16 years We're also homeschool parents. So we can definitely talk quite a bit about this We've been doing it almost eight years now about eight years And so looking forward to this discussion and sharing this space with these awesome women. So leticia. I'll pick it over to you Thank you Christine. I am an awe of moms during this time and the fact that you've been doing it for eight years. I Yeah I am excited to be here. I'm leticia pigaro I'm the vice president of programs of the Nathan Cummings Foundation and I also do executive and professional coaching specifically for women of color and philanthropy I'm really excited to be part of this conversation and to think about and to think and talk about how all of these Issues race and gender play into leadership, especially on equal payday Ali. I'm gonna pass it on to you Hello, it's great to be here. Sorry. I was having a bit of a tech issue But I think we're we're good to go now And it's wonderful to be in the company of these other two amazing women. I'm Ali Burns. I lead village capital we invest in impact-driven companies and I've been in this role for Just a few years now, so it's been it's been an interesting journey And I know we're gonna touch on that and I also want to add my deep admiration for all moms at this time I only am a dog mom That is enough for the time being so Yeah, I'm really excited to have this discussion and yes, I'm happy equal payday Well, listen being a dog mom, I've had some friends that have puppies and it's it's it's quite a challenge as well sometimes Nothing wrong with that. So let's just hop right into it ladies You know one of the things that we wanted to discuss was around, you know, our challenges and You know our own journeys and so I know for me personally, you know When I think about just even in my job as a social media coach and you know helping other women tell their stories online You know and I think about the journey a lot of times, you know You hear that quote about Sometimes people look at you know your highlight reel and they think that there's you know You're you can't possibly be going through all of these other things or you're you know, you look good You look great, but they don't really see the behind the scenes They don't see the journey the frustrations that we have to go through, you know The things that we have to fight for so I want to definitely go get into sharing, you know our own journeys and You know if you ladies want to just chime in and just talk about, you know What has been your greatest challenge that you know, you can think of over the years of you know being a boss, right? And what is the way that or ways that you were able to overcome, you know, those challenges Ali you want to start sure I Always whenever I talk about this This question I always talk about the fact of my journey has certainly been not been linear And I'm sure that's many of our experiences that you you leave a College and you think you're gonna have this like specific trajectory And that's not the way that it works out. Certainly not the way that that mind did I actually spent the first decade of my career probably not really knowing where I wanted to go I was in corporate communications and And I had the same reckoning a lot of people do who are in impact investing or philanthropy We're in the social good space where I said what the heck am I doing? I really want to do something that I you know that I feel like is contributing to the good of the world and I was fortunate enough to have a really awesome boss. I was at AOL at the time during a very interesting Time in AOL's own journey who's who pulled me aside and said look I Feel like you need to go do something else to Boost your trajectory and to boost your career and do what you really want to do and I happen to know Someone who is in philanthropy who's looking for a communications director. Can I make an introduction? And rarely are we so lucky to have bosses like that And she certainly was someone who was looking out for me and my career and that really Changed the trajectory of my career. I joined sieve and gene case Co-founder and early executive at AOL and their family for lamprey But very quickly had a front-row seat to their work in impact investing they're the building of their traditional venture capital arm revolution and Had this really fascinating opportunity to discover what I was passionate about was this intersection of innovation early-stage entrepreneurship investing and Impact and found my way to village capital about five years ago Had I not again had I not had that boss that pulled me aside I would not have done that the other in the contemplating what my greatest challenge is. I think it was myself You know doubting myself when I came over to village capital. I took on the role as COO I'd never been a COO before I was in communications I knew how to lead teams, but I I needed some time to process the Applicability of the role that I had previously to this entirely new role running an organization. I kind of went through the same Testing of myself and my confidence in myself when I took on the when I was asked to take on the CEO role And I know that's something that that we all wrestle with the sort of self-confidence to To make a leap That men usually don't even spend a second thinking about so That's certainly the story of my journey Yeah, you said so much I don't know if you you had anything to chime on to that leticia as well You know and sharing your journey, but I think so many people can definitely relate to just not trusting yourself And I think you know as we get into the conversation It will you know show up in different ways, but definitely I can relate to that as well. So thank you for sharing that Yeah, I'll just say that um, you know I am first-generation and my family to go to college and in English actually was not my first language and so as I think about the journey of You know my journey both here and thinking about like is college for me This is something that I do that I should do Ali. I totally Resonate with the idea that I thought I was actually thought I was gonna go to college and become a teacher I have great respect for teachers and thought this is this is something that I should do that I want to do And fell into philanthropy by accident, you know, totally by accident this idea that There was someone there who saw or something in me and said have you thought that this is possible? I actually didn't even know what philanthropy was. So it wasn't just an amazing opportunity It was also discovering that there was this whole other world That I think really needed organizers and people that were coming from the Sectors that we were trying to impact to to lend their voice to it. So I you know really resonate with what you said I'd love to ask a question if I may Yeah, yeah, I actually started with the idea of equal payday And you know, I was reminded of that this morning I forgot that today is the day that we actually and I've wrote this down here that White women Have to work To earn the same that men did last year, right? So white women would have to work all the way till today to earn the same Generally speaking that that men earned last year for black women. It's August 13th for Latinas It's October 29th and for Native American and indigenous women. It's October 1st So we see right there the sort of built-in structural inequities that are that are Part of our system and I'm just really wondering from from you both how has race and gender played into the way that you See yourselves the way that you position yourselves and the way that your leadership shows up in your respective fields Yeah, that's a great question and I'll just share a little bit of my you know my background and how I got into you know My industry because it really is across industries that I see and so, you know for me It actually started like you like both of you ladies. I went to school for biology So most people are like, oh, did you go to communications marketing? No, none of that I Thought I was gonna go to chiropractor school then decided my senior year. That's not what I wanted to do And so I ended up actually, you know part of my journey a big part of my journey is when I left corporate Because it was you know, there was discrimination there I was just in a very just not a good environment And so, you know becoming a stay-at-home mom to three kids thunder three at the time was just definitely a self-discovery Moment for me And so part of my journey was being able to you know figure out who I was and what I wanted to do So I started a blog in 2012 And that's kind of that's really how I got started in social media and marketing and being able to you know Tell my story and help other women do the same and so, you know, one of the things that I've seen definitely I mean, I was just on clubhouse the other day and they were having this exact conversation, you know, because We'll see there was a lot of things that blew up last year because of the pandemic and you know People's and you know black wise matter and just people seeing even as an influencer You know, how many how much less they were getting paid as black influencers versus white counterparts and you know Some of them, you know really going to these brands is saying how are you going to change this? Right? And so I think that having more of these conversations Putting more of these, you know out there for people to to Have a discussion about like we're doing today is really important So, you know, we can really, you know figure out how we can move the needle forward, right? So how you know me, you know, I try to talk to other agency owners like hey, what are you doing? How are you finding your influencers? You know, I'm looking for you know, multicultural influencers for this client like who do you know, right? And then you know allowing other people to you know be able to give me their references But I think it's so important that we look beyond what we're comfortable with and what we know and find and find ways to be more inclusive Yeah, and I'd say maybe it's sort of speaking to the journey to on awareness around race and gender and pay on the gender side of my own journey I Had no idea about the that the pay gap even existed probably for the first decade of my career And I was in a pretty female dominated industry and marketing communication particularly communications and PR And I would again fortunate to have a lot of really awesome role models, but nobody ever talked about compensation So I had no idea until someone pulled me aside much later in my career and said Who was an advisor for us and said you need to ask for a lot more money? Like, you know, you you understand like there's a big gap if you compared yourself to other peers and particularly your male peers You should be aware of that and so that was part of like a slow awakening for me Recognizing that the gap existed but I was late to the party and I would give myself not a good grade on recognizing intersectionality and recognizing that the pay gap is different Along racial lines as well and that someone like me is responsible for bringing everybody along Like it's not enough to acknowledge equal payday for white women And we've got to acknowledge exactly what you just did Leticia and say like it's not right until we fixed it for all women We all need we need to bring everybody to the same line and that's something that that I'm doing a lot more of and trying to speak out a lot more about and Learn a lot more about as well Thank you for saying that Ali. I am like you. I had no idea how to negotiate Salaries and actually I'll say didn't feel that it was my right To to do it Until I met I'm the amazing Dr. Deborah Perez Who was at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation when I was a fellow and so I got into philanthropy like I said by chance I was a national urban fellow and she said to me come come come hang out with me for ten months Be a fellow and I remember being like in Princeton, New Jersey Like for ten months really And but I I I went and it and it changed my life But one of the things that she taught me was how to negotiate And I remember her telling me That the idea that the offer that they make is the offer you should accept is I Won't say the word here, right? It's and I was like Remember being like to Like what do you do? Do I push back? But what if they then they take it away, right? So I think you know, I really appreciate this conversation because I think one we don't get taught as Women and oftentimes our own Relationships with money right both as women and as people of color Ali I really appreciate you bringing in the word intersectionality, right like the way that these things intersect Feel insurmountable until someone teaches you The tricks and I always say in philanthropy in particular, which is, you know, particularly not a particularly diverse space That you know the things that men ask for and I have to like actually sit down and think about right Before I go in and oftentimes men are like Yeah, of course Of course, this is what I'm supposed to be getting the salary the amount. So For sure, you know, I think how do we then mentor right the the next generation to come to be Like I always like to say ballers right in these spaces. So Yeah, I I think I think it's so important for us to pass along those lessons to the women that Work for us one of the things I I have a lot of challenges with the nonprofit space But one of the things that is nice is that we have to be transparent about salaries We are we are forced to report on our compensation And so that requires us to be really intentional about communicating how salaries Operate in the organization and encouraging people to really understand that But but yeah, so I wanted to ask a question as well and and that is You know The last year we've been going through We're you know, we're just over a year In a global pandemic and there are signs of hope on the horizon certainly but There's also reminders every day My colleagues in Kenya for example are about to go back on on lockdown that this is still very much with us and I'm I'm just curious. We've seen a lot of reports and headlines about how The pandemic has impacted women disproportionately and curious how What you're seeing both for yourselves personally and professionally but also amongst the the women that you work with and the women in your life and And and how we are coping and how we recover Yeah, I think that's such an important, you know question and and this is you know important conversation because I think this last year has forced people I think to you know Leticia was saying early about being authentic like being more authentic With what you're going through and what you're doing like I've seen so many more people sharing their stories Which allows other people to share. You know what I'm really not okay And that's okay, and I think that that's really the first Piece is that mostly women were always forced to just do it Work through anything You know show up anyway, you know and just be the strong person And so I think this last year has you know for me personally Definitely allowed me to focus more on the things that are important You know being more intentional with personal relationships for sure You know for our kids it's been about finding ways because you know, I mean they're they're going through it too Right. They miss their friends. They you know, they miss activities that they're doing so finding more ways to be more creative More fun, you know more intentional with the time, you know, it has been we went back to playing You know board games right and uno and just stuff that was not, you know on tablet stuff That was going to allow us to connect, you know, we started implementing You know, we have these cards that have like right like speaking points, right? So that sparks conversations so that we can you know, keep it going and just open the communication And I found that that has been so critical especially now Because so many people are going through so much. I know that someone was sharing a stat with me recently about, you know The mental health Especially of children and even adults has gone way up, you know in the last year and so, you know Making sure that we're open with communication from me in terms of business and professionally It has definitely opened doors to really see and figure out how I can help, you know My community with being less stressed, right? So taking away less stress from what they're doing Which caused me to start a membership, right for my mom for doors. It's like, okay Let me help you right and then also it helps me because I'm not have, you know It's less work on this end, you know to be able to Pull everybody into a membership But I think that it's important to also be able to and I know we'll talk about collaboration But you know, I think that this last year has really opened doors to, you know Really communicate and focus on the things that matter And so for me it's been more like Eye-opening right to say like I'm tripping and I'm worried about all of these things over here And these are the things that are really important Yeah, I you know this year Has been about slow and deliberate movement literal movement um an intention And it showed up showing up for me personally And I was sharing with a group of folks yesterday. I I've I've been a big yoga practitioner for for years And then for some reasons stopped and this past year have really dedicated, you know five days a week At this I will do this Working on some hard poses that have not come through just yet knock on wood but this idea of of like Why did I stop? Because I was busy because I was working because we had dockets because we had to move money out the door Because I had to work late even when I got home after I walked the dog. I'm a dog mom too, Allie And this year has been to some extent about slow and deliberate intention Like Christine, you said right like intention with my relationships to check in up on people. How are you? How are you doing? And also in our team I manage a big team at Nathan Cummings like What were we not doing before? Um, what does it mean to create space for people to be tired for people to be off screen? The new culture of being on screen all the time. I mean, I find it particularly exhausting How do we normalize? That it's okay You know the other a couple weeks ago It was like if people want to be laying down while we have this meeting feel free right to do that Um, so that it doesn't you know, we know that people are probably not fully dressed only from the waist up So let's just admit it and you know, it's okay Right if you want to lay down for this meeting and I think little things like that Um have helped me show up more authentically but also Taking care of the people we have moms on our team um, little children Big kids, you know teenagers with very different needs and to say How how can I help you? Show up for your family first in this moment And I know you're going to get the work done, right? We're we're we're social justice philanthropy We saw our work as really important in this moment of racial uprising to get the money out We're going to do that but Like take a mental health day or to or be off the screen Like what's the slow and intentional work that we have to do? To to show up the way we want to which I think is really different than than lots of male leadership Not not all of them Uh, but for lots of folks it's like idea of Slowness of intention of steadiness. I think feels really important in this in this past year for me I agree. I would love to hear some of your coping mechanisms Ali as well. If you don't mind sharing Yeah, I love that uh slow and intentional. Um, I've definitely found that Um, I need to be more intentional about self-care. Um, not having a commute not having The types of boundaries that I think we take for granted or took for granted Uh pre-covid has been important. So, um, I have a My coach gave me this tool. Uh It's supposed to be a four square, but it's more like a six square of things that I have to do every day to make Sure that I'm taking care of myself. Um, so it's a mix of you know, meditate. It's staying hydrated meditating exercising Sleeping well those are it's crazy that I have to remind myself that those are things that I have to do every day But really being intentional about like these are non-negotiables. These are things that I'm going to do no matter what um, that's been uh, Super helpful for our team Also encouraging people, you know, I think about the shift of Everybody keep your cameras on in the all hands so we can all see each other In march of 2020 versus now it's like if you're speaking it'd be great if you can turn your camera on But it's totally cool if you're just a picture in a square and you need to do what you need to do To deal with the fact that we're all on video for six to eight hours a day It feels like so, um, certainly encouraging our team also to take advantage of we have a very flexible time off policy and um, trying to find mental health resources for folks people of different access to different types of resource Um, and I try to be really transparent about everything that I'm doing To take care of myself so that uh, I'm setting an example and leticia. I really appreciated your comment too about male leadership not always having Being rooted in empathy. Um, I think uh, which which I think has been to the advantage of women leaders and I We see that at a macro level in Geography in countries that are led by women. Um, but also I think we're going to see a lot of Research that shows that organizations, uh, who have Uh, I don't want to use the word thrived because I don't know that anybody has thrived but that have, uh, come through the pandemic Stronger probably have more diverse leadership teams. Um, than those that don't be my guess Thanks for sharing I appreciate you said a key word that I love using and that's non-negotiable And I think that we definitely have to be clear about what our Non-negotiables are because it's so easy for people to overstep those boundaries. Like you were saying Ali. So Super super important. So we'll switch gears a little bit. One of my favorite, uh, African Proverbs is we can go fast alone Or far together So I would love to talk a little bit more about collaboration and what we can do as women to support each other On our individual journeys as well as you know, as we help each other raise to boss status So let's see say I'll let you start and I'll come back around Sure. Yeah, I love that proverb. Um, so I think a lot about You know a colleague of mine, uh, tia oras peters. She runs the seventh generation Fund and one of the things that she says all the time is, you know, this work is not about me Right, it's it's about seven generations in the past and seven generations in the future and um And to me that sort of epitomizes the way that I think about collaboration, right? I think it's really easy especially in the west for us to get caught in like This work is about me. It needs to have my name on it. You know, it's it's very The the driving force of capitalism, right? And I think this notion of Are there ways that actually this work? Sure. It's about me in this moment because I'm talking, right? I'm here in the in the On the stage Um, but this work is also about all the women, right? This work is about I've been thinking a lot about grandmothers lately This work is about all the women in my life Including my grandmother who's still alive and is 95 Who did not have the privilege that I do today And so how do we engage and create the Causes and the conditions that allow Me to be in this position for now um And and and lead in that way, right understanding that the baton will be passed And if I don't share the resources and and I don't engage in sort of open conversation communication transparency um then Then the baton might not be passed, right to to the to the next generation So I do think, you know, there are tools that we use in house But I think this idea of collaborative leadership and I'll just name one more person who taught me a beautiful concept um Not so long ago Elizabeth yampierre who works in climate justice based out of brooklyn new york Talks a lot about leaderful moments, right? So we believe in leaderful moments so that When I am tired, I can step back And ali and christine can step in And when christine's tired, or maybe you just need a day off, right? You can step back and I can step in and then I can call ali and say ali I am exhausted or I want to go on vacation Um, can you step in and so this idea that's different than leadership? It's about how do we engage in leaderful? Um movements and that's part of what we've been really trying to do and what I've been trying to put forward at at ncf I love that leaderful, um I was going to talk about two. I think separate but related things um one is about decision-making. Um, and I think um this is uh Something that we are rethinking collectively as a society is like is the way that is the way that we define power and give people power to make decisions the right way um and Something we've been running at village capital for the last 10 years as an experiment and What happens if you actually change power dynamics in investment decision-making? We run a peer-selected investment decision-making process and It's probably not going to shock anybody to know that that has led to a far more diverse portfolio particularly when it comes to um women-led companies, but also um in terms of where the companies are located and who is leading them both on race and ethnicity as well and So that's a question that i'm starting to ask myself and like all other aspects of life too is like How do you change decision-making? We're asking ourselves that question internally Like do we need to have the same decision-making structure that every other organization? does and where I think that goes to with with women in collaboration One of our barriers to collaborating often is this perception that there are only a few seats at the table And so we can I think many times just subconsciously be trying to Not recognize that we're not fighting for a seat at the table that we need You know, this is something that a lot of other amazing women have said like we need to build a new table And I'm really thinking about how to do that more intentionally In my life And and find the tables where other amazing women are that I'd love to see that as well. So Those are just a few of the thoughts on my mind I love that and I'll just share quickly, you know, for me Collaboration is just part of my culture. It's just what I'm automatically always looking for ways to collaborate. So sometimes it might be with someone who has, you know, a Product or service that might complement what I do So, you know, I've collaborated with, you know, make someone who owns their own makeup line You know, I've collaborated with people who, you know, might offer Email services email marketing services. We just do social media, right? So what are who are some people that you, you know Have complimentary services or products to you that you guys can either create one product One joint product or you can become like affiliates or spokespeople for each other and push each other's audiences to each other The other thing that I wanted to share was just around You know offering similar products, right? So if you want to collaborate with people who offer similar products You can do that as well But, you know, maybe it's just there's some, you know, there might be a gap between what you Serve, you know, what you offer and what they offer and how can you kind of bring the gap maybe to create one product So, you know, even with, you know, something new that I'm launching. I look to your point You know, I love that what you said Leticia about leader full because I feel like that's like how it is Like I'm always trying to find hey, I'm working on a new project now And I'm like it's three of us and I'm like, okay, so you take the lead on that. I'll take this you take that I think the more that we can do that You know, just the more The more that we can see, you know, make progress in this, you know, arena of collaboration and allowing people to feel like It's it's for everyone when I win you win and vice versa Yeah, and that it's like a natural byproduct, right of of success in sort of the new world that we're that we're heading into A post pandemic, um, I know we're short on time But wanted to give us an opportunity to give, you know, some quick advice, um To folks listening, um from your perspectives Christina. I'll start with you Sure, so I'll make it quick. I think one of you know, the biggest thing that I'll always go back to I've co-wrote a book with my sister and the last chapter is called do it afraid And I'll always go back to that because I think with any Level of success with anything that you're starting. There's always going to be a level of fear There's always going to be a level of do I know enough at least spoke about that earlier and that's always the cam like Oh wait, I don't know, especially In my area where everyone's online everyone has a persona everyone seems to know more than they probably do right and you know In this space sometimes and so it makes you feel like you don't know enough and I think You know just doing it anyway Even if you don't feel like you have the answers because the only way to figure them out and find them out is to just get going I would echo that a hundred percent and add Some advice someone gave to me a gene case gave to me years ago, which is build your own personal board of directors Think about who you want to be in your life and help think strategically And this is a combination of your professional career and your personal life. Who do you admire? that would want to be part of Helping you think through strategies for your career in your life and that's been Incredible um to have my own Personal board of directors. So that's definitely advice I'd give anybody Yeah, I love the that in philanthropy. We often times call it the kitchen cabinet, right? Who's your kitchen cabinet of folks and also do they tell you the truth, right? So that's hard sometimes you're the boss people to tell you, you know, I always say when I first got into philanthropy I was like so popular. I dressed really well. My hair always looked good And I had fabulous shoes all the time and it and I got realized that actually that wasn't true That was what people were telling me. I don't know. Maybe my hair looked good all the time. Um, maybe um my my advice, um is is find Define your values And help them have them help ground you right Um christine, you you mentioned non-negotiables earlier, right? And sometimes it's really hard to know what your negotiable non-negotiables are If you're unclear about your personal mission vision and values It's easy, right to to sway um, so figure out what your values are and Let that ground you so you know when to walk away when to take a leap when to ask questions of your kitchen cabinet You know when to change your kitchen cabinet if they're telling you that you're You know that you're fabulous all the time When maybe you are not or when you are fabulous and you're thinking that you are not right so Um find to define your values and let that ground you All right I Well, I think we were going to go into q&a. Yeah, I mean I'm happy to ask another question Or tell another joke Popping in for q&a, um, I just have to say first of all that I um am so Moved by this conversation because there are so many truths that you have been speaking That um as I've been standing here listening I'm feeling the like roll off of me and I'm like little weights coming off of me as I hear you speak them And I think that that's just such Incredible modicine that we all likely need right now And so I am just deeply grateful to the three of you for joining today In bringing that to us. Um, so I'm I'm a little I'm moved and so I felt like I really wanted to say that Right now before we got started I I saw a great question that came in and I wanted to um Have us kind of pop into that one to get started But the question was um How Of course, you know now I've lost the question. Um, how do you foster connections with coworkers during the pandemic? And how do team meetings like how are you doing that through team meetings and in other ways? I can go really quickly. Um, so for us we do our team meetings, you know weekly And it's you know, we just do google hangout, but you know most majority of the time is cameras off Um, but you know some of the things that we've tried to do is really you know, I asked them, you know about their goals What are they working on outside of work that we have to do for the clients? Because I want to be able to help them reach some of their goals So just finding more about you know, how we can support each other, you know as a team And you know, there's so many and then when they start sharing it's so amazing To hear all of the things that they have going on and being able to support them in that So I think sometimes it's also about you know building that connection that personal connection You know to know like what else do you have going on are their challenges outside of work? You know that I can help support or someone on the team can help support So that's been you know great definitely over the last year to get to um do a little more of Yeah, and I'll add you know one we do um, we call them a program team check-in Um, Monday Monday mornings top of the day and and one of the things that's worked really well is we facilitate and we rotate facilitation And the opening question can be anything like how many plans do you have in your house? to um You know lately it's been you know, let's talk about anti-monopoly right and and the cases that are in the courts um, and so it's been a really wonderful way to Expand what people are engaging in we share we also share readings like this is what I'm reading Um, this is what I'm watching including um, you know, I always say I watch terrible sci-fi So, you know, it can be like intellectual stuff It could also be like, you know, I watched three episodes of dark matter this weekend don't recommend it But you know, it's terrible and delicious, right? so I think both like the seriousness of You know an article by the roosevelt institute and then like come join me. Let's do a watch party Um, uh for dark matter has been a really nice way to get people to be in community with each other of that I I'd only add a very practical thing that we've used for those who have slack As an internal tool is a plugin called donut And it actually randomly pairs you up or pairs two people three people up to have an informal coffee Or virtual coffee So you're getting to connect with people from other teams and across the organization and they give you like Warm-up questions in case you're Like I have no idea what to talk about other than work So it's a really great tool and then I personally try to have copies with we also Rotate facilitators for our all hands meetings and I try to have coffee in the half an hour With whoever the facilitator is just to keep connected with everybody in the org too Nice. Um, I Have another question that's been um kind of one of the things particularly that monique and I talk about a lot but thinking about um leadership and redefining structure and what leadership What does it even mean? You know, it's centralized. There's can be masculine energy, you know How are we leaning into empathy and and what is usually considered a feminine trait? That we can be pulling forward and really helping to encourage more of Yeah, you know, I really appreciate the question. I think Part of it for me has been that that it's such a binary, right? Like it's either like the masculine trait or the feminine trait and who wants to be associated with what And I think for for me, it's been, you know, how do I lead from a place that's about justice Um, how do I think about the people that are in front of me their families their histories? um How do I believe again that like this isn't about me? Um, and how how do I acknowledge the structures that get in the way? Um, and so I think without being able to acknowledge capitalism It doesn't make me an anti capitalist It just makes me someone who's willing to acknowledge the deficits in the system racism Patriarchy like without calling those into the room. We actually can't grapple with them um in a way of that is authentic. We we have very superficial conversations, right? We everybody's all into dei right now and that's good, but you know, I won't tell you my theory on it, but um This idea that we're going to have a conversation about diversity equity and inclusion without talking about structural racism And the harm that it's caused feels like an opportunity like um a missed opportunity so from my perspective, it would be how do we um lead from a place of justice a place of um equity a place of not centering My ego, but also bring into the room Like the things that we actually do have to talk about to be different kinds of leaders and organizations I just want to give that a big standing ovation. Uh I am actually dressed on the bottom. So I'm wearing jeans today. Um But um, but yeah, I mean, I think it's in the chat too and I mentioned this word before sort of leading with empathy And I do think that that historically, I don't think it has to be a feminine trait, but I think it's been historically associated as a a feminine trait And I think that that has leading with empathy has shown itself to be a really effective tool for people as they're going They've been going through this past year People are a lot more motivated I've seen um when they feel like You actually understand what I'm if you can't understand what I'm going through you at least understand that I'm going through something Um, and that has been incredibly important. Um, and then I I also think like redefining what leadership means and how decisions to making structures work to this this uh point of like questioning traditional structures. Um, and and Um directly addressing the harms that traditional structures have done Um for lots of people and so we're going through our own process of saying like how do we make not only make decision making more inclusive But how do we give more people ownership of decisions that make more sense for them to own versus somewhat, you know, four people who are in the sort of c-suite um And uh, how do we do that and also pay them? Appropriately for making those decisions as well So I will be delighted to report back on that process. Um, and it's a it's a long one But in six months, uh for anyone who's interested too. So I think it's going to be it's it's going to be fun and also challenging Yeah, you ladies said it all I loved and agree with with both of you And I'll just piggyback off of you ali and that for me over the last year Especially leadership has looked like delegation right and to your point You know being able to lean on people on my team who have expertise who know what they're doing and allowing them to take the reins And own, you know a project own, you know, whatever it is that we're doing and and allow them You know be able to trust that they're going to do it like, you know, they may not do it exactly like me But I trust, you know in working with them and seeing what they're capable of doing that they'll be able to do it So I think sometimes, you know being able to let go a little bit and like you said bringing people who have expertise Right who could be making better decisions decisions than you are but you're not allowing them the opportunity to do that Oh, thank you all. I I have one last rapid fire question Tweet length if you can make it But what is one thing leaders can do tomorrow to be better leaders? Who wants to go first? That's a good one. I'll just just thinking about, you know Building our relationship and communication with our in our family and our kids I think listen Right. So sometimes it's as simple as asking Your team, what do they need? What don't they have? How can they, you know? What are some things or resources that they don't have that would make their jobs easier? I think sometimes we fail to ask these questions As leaders and it could be something so simple that it's like, oh if I had known But sometimes they don't feel like they have the opportunity to actually share Tweet length is hard for like a Puerto Rican from the Bronx. So I'll I'll but I'm I'm gonna try Um ask yourself the question. Why am I doing this work? And then ground right and listen like actually ask the question and don't Intellectualize too much like listen to what you hear um Yeah, why am I doing this work and listen Those were both of mine. So I don't know if there's going to be tweet lengths, but if Everybody but particularly if you're in a position of privilege Call out your privilege and acknowledge it Yeah Thank you. I think that Is where we will end it for today But I don't know about anyone else. I could stay here and listen to this conversation forever There was so much that we were unpacking together in that You've been able to bring to us to think about and hopefully create More action. So um again deep gratitude and thanks for joining us today and taking the time out of your very busy boss schedules Thank you Having us. Thank you so much. This is amazing. Thank you

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UN Orchestra Charity concert - Promotional video

The United Nations Orchestra which was created with the intention of using symphonic music to support humanitarian efforts by raising funds for humanitarian organizations, has become a symbol of sharing and intercultural awareness, embodying the spirit of the United Nations and its values. Proceeds from the charity concert organized on March, 25 in Geneva will contribute towards IOM’s activities in support of vulnerable migrants who have crossed the Mediterranean Sea. The funds will help develop a music therapy pilot project with the help of international and renowned musicians. BUY TICKETS HERE: http://billetterie-culture.ville-ge.ch/spectacle?id_spectacle=1950

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The United Nations Orchestra symbolizes both the diversity of migration and the universality of music. Since its creation, the UN Orchestra has used music to support humanitarian efforts by raising funds for organizations such as IOM. This benefit concert will help develop a music therapy pilot project for migrants in Greece through the consultation of a music therapy expert who has previously experienced developing such programs and working with particularly vulnerable migrants. The project will be further improved and developed for migrants in other European countries.

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Boston 2013 Keynotes: Canonical OpenStack in Production

OpenStack on Ubuntu is now a production cloud infrastructure in telco, service provider and enterprise settings. While the pace of innovation continues to accelerate at the edge, core functions have matured, and we can share insights and operational experience gained from standing up and supporting those platforms. Mark Shuttleworth will discuss OpenStack production challenges and solutions for telco's and service provider customers and chart the course for an expanding network of partners and solution providers who are collaborating around Ubuntu to accelerate cloud services. https://www.openstack.org/software/ Speaker(s): Mark Shuttleworth Connect with us: OpenInfra Twitter: https://twitter.com/openinfradev OpenInfra LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/open-infrastructure-foundation/mycompany/ OpenInfra Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/openinfradev OpenInfra Website: https://openinfra.dev/ #OpenInfra #Keynotes #OpenSource

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So, next up, we've got Mark Shuttleworth, who I'm sure many of you know. He is the founder of Ubuntu, Canonical, and I believe he's also the founder of the Dramatic Live demo. So, we're going to see the latest release of that here. So, I can't wait to see what he's got, his bag of tricks over here. Come on out, Mark. Hello, everybody. OpenStack, my how you have grown. So, I wanted to show you a little bit of the state of the art of OpenStack, OpenStack, and Ubuntu. And I wanted to talk about OpenStack in production, like some of the experience that we've gained from watching people and working with people who are using OpenStack in production. Jim Curry said that this is the year of OpenStack users, right? There was the idea, then there was the developer community. Now we're really getting into the era of people putting OpenStack into production. So, what have we learned? Well, a core focus for us with OpenStack in production is the telco sector. And if I look at the companies who are building OpenStack today and building it with Ubuntu, there's no doubt in my mind that the serious infrastructure play of the future is OpenStack. So these are all companies who have OpenStack Clouds in production working with us. There are many others as well. If you look at the GA economies, a very large percentage of the number one or number two carriers are bringing up OpenStack Clouds right now. So this is going to be the infrastructure that essentially becomes the bridge to the LAN extension essentially for enterprise computing today. Enterprise is going to have their data centers. Those will be running OpenStack. And then they'll reach out to their telcos where they'll have managed private clouds and public clouds all running OpenStack. And then from there to the global players, the global providers. So carriers, service providers, telcos are a core, core audience for us. And the lessons that we learned from these guys, from working with these guys to bring up clouds at scale, get built straight into the platform that is instantly consumable to anybody who's using Ubuntu. On the private cloud front, the early adopters are technology, media type companies, telecoms type companies. You've seen Bloomberg here talking about their OpenStack work. Comcast, for example, built out on Ubuntu. There's a very significant pace of adoption of OpenStack on Ubuntu amongst media companies in general. Because they tend to have this workflow where they're standing up shows. And so every couple of weeks they're standing up an entire new infrastructure. Another really interesting example in the petrokin industry where every block that gets drilled on an exploratory basis becomes a whole new company. So cloud is a perfect infrastructure for that. Because you can stand up a company, a virtual company essentially, gather all the data, do all of the analytics. And if you find anything interesting, the company survives. If not, it all gets torn down. The movie industry is kind of like that too. Virtual companies get created and cloud OpenStack is being used in that industry as the sort of virtual harness for those companies. Okay, let's see if this will work. This is a list of companies or some of the companies who are using Ubuntu working with us. Across a variety of different things, not all of them cloud. But the core story is that Ubuntu has now moved into the enterprise, is now a very widely adopted platform in enterprise computing. And in particular, in the scale out field has some very strong stories to tell. Over the last three years there's been a really dramatic move in enterprise computing. This is looking at the top million websites by traffic. It's even starker if you look at the top thousand websites by traffic. And now nearly three times as many servers running Ubuntu in those markets as well. And this is this deep shift that's going on from scale up, which is the traditional way of getting reliability and performance, paying more for bigger servers to scale out. Where you replace all of those very high end servers by many, many, many smaller servers. Where you care much less about the individual performance or individual reliability of the node. And this is going to come to its ultimate conclusion with projects like HP Moonshot, where that server could be an ARM server. So dramatically different architecture, different approach. But handling data in a completely different way. So in this environment, your applications are different. So we used to have scale up applications. And in a scale out environment, your applications are all scale out horizontally architected applications. And it's a change in platform too, because if you're shifting risk from the node to the cloud, then you think about risk in the node completely differently. So we often have conversations with people who say, look, I do this stuff one way when I'm doing it in my data center and the traditional infrastructure. And I do it completely differently when I'm doing it on the cloud. Okay, so why do people choose Ubuntu? They choose Ubuntu because of scale. And there are three elements to that. One is economics, the cost of Ubuntu, typically half to a third of the cost of a traditional enterprise Linux platform. But more importantly, I think, because of tooling. Ubuntu is a platform that has been consumed at very large scale on public clouds on EC2, on other public clouds, and now increasingly on OpenStack. So there's any number of tools built into the platform or tools that have been shaped specifically to address scale. So I wanna dive in and demo some of the latest work that's going on in that regard, let me just check. So what I have here is an HP server that is running OpenStack on a set of virtual machines. I have a backup just in case. So essentially what you're looking at there is one server. And on that, we've deployed using juju. We've deployed OpenStack across a set of virtual machines. And on that, we've deployed etherpad. So here I have etherpad running. Let me just check, it all looks live. So you can think of this scenario as a cloud that you're running and you have a tenant, a user, who has a workload live on your cloud. And previously, we demoed very fast deployment of applications onto the cloud using juju, onto any cloud. Last, ODS, we demoed deploying the cloud very quickly and then upgrading that cloud from Essex to Falsum. So today, I want to show you something that's a little more directly related to the real problems that you run into in production. So what does this cloud look like? If I go to this page, you'll see the juju visualization of that OpenStack cloud. So this is an orchestration view of all of the components of OpenStack running on one of those servers. And that picture looks mostly the same as it looked six months ago, right? All of the charms have been deployed, they're all connected up. But there's some new pieces. On the far left over there, see a whole bunch of HA related charms. So as of 1304 and Grizzly, you can juju deploy your cloud onto bare metal or onto virtual machines. And you can deploy the entire thing in a high availability environment. So what we've done is we've gone through and looked at each service that makes up the cloud. And we've worked with those telcos to identify an appropriate HA strategy for each of those services. Now, the HA approach is going to vary, right? For a dashboard like Horizon, the HA approach is different to some of the core services like Rabbit or MySQL. But in each case, with a single command, you can essentially take a single running node providing that service and scale it out and run that service in an HA capability. So that's a core part of the move from evaluation or experimentation to production, right? There are a few people who will be comfortable running a large production infrastructure without HA. And that's now a standard part of the way people deploy OpenStack on Ubuntu. The other new piece that you see in here is landscape, which is the management server that our customers use to manage Ubuntu. Now, it doesn't pretend to manage Android devices and Windows phones. It just does an amazing job of managing Ubuntu. And as of tomorrow in beta, landscape has grown the ability to give you a high level view of the OpenStack cloud. So traditionally a management server will look at all of the nodes that it's managing. And it will tell you things about them, it'll tell you about hardware, it'll tell you about software updates that are available, issues that may be visible. Each of those pieces of information is essentially attached to the node, what landscape is able to do here now is step back and say, I recognize that those 40 servers or those 400 servers are an OpenStack cloud. And because they're an OpenStack cloud, I can zoom out and I can give you aggregate information. I can look for example at the total load on the cloud relative to as a cloud. Instead of looking at the load on individual nodes, I can say, all right, looking at the compute nodes, because that's what really matters. This is the heat map essentially of load on your cloud. And I can do the same for networking. I can say, look, you've got 10% of your network ports are saturated and the rest aren't. And I can give you that perspective holistically for an OpenStack cloud. And this is all automatically discovered, introspective, because we're able to say, all right, we detect OpenStack running across those hosts. We explore the topology, we know all of the nodes that we're managing, and then we can give you this picture over the top of it. And we can do things like trend analysis. This has only been running overnight, but we could tell you, for example, how long it's gonna take you before you run out of capacity in storage or in compute or any other of these macro characteristics of the system. When we talk to people running OpenStack in production, the most thorny problem that they have is dealing with transitions. So last ODS, we demonstrated an upgrade of the cloud from Essex to Falson. A lot of people have been standing up clouds and then they have to tear them all down and stand them up again. So I think we've demonstrated, and we've made the commitment to the ability to upgrade your cloud from one version of OpenStack to the next. We have 12.04 LTS, which is our last current LTS enterprise release. And we've delivered on that, we've delivered Essex, Falson, Grizzly, and we'll deliver Havana as well, including the ability to upgrade live in place between them. But there's another problem that happens for people who are actually running clouds, which is that you have to do maintenance on the nodes themselves. Six months ago at ODS, when we did that live upgrade, we were essentially staying on 12.04 and upgrading from Essex to Falson. We weren't, in fact, rebooting any of the hosts. We weren't changing the kernel. We were just essentially revving the version of OpenStack. When I say just, it's still pretty extraordinary capability. But we weren't essentially doing maintenance. But large clouds have to have maintenance done of them. So in this dashboard, you can see up here on the right that 25 of those nodes have package upgrades available. So just to restate what we've got is, we've got Grizzly deployed. On top of that, we have a running workload, running KVM on KVM. That workload is live and it doesn't belong to you. The node belongs to you, the workload belongs to someone else. Especially if you're a telco or a service provider. And one of these updates, this one over here, is a kernel. So what are we going to do? We have to deploy a fresh kernel across a running cloud without taking down the workload. And landscape can now drive that process fully automatically through an OpenStack cloud in production. So to demo that, what I'm going to do is kick off this process now. And you can see here a macro activity that's been scheduled for this OpenStack cloud. Let me just check, it's still alive. So what does landscape do? Well, it knows the structure of OpenStack. And it knows that we do HA. And in fact, we do HA plus one. In other words, we're able to scale out a service so that it's not just HA, so that one node can fail. But it's HA plus one, so that two nodes can fail. And so landscape is able to essentially to use a combination of scale out, scale back, and live migrations to roll that kernel update out through the running cloud without taking down the workload. So for example, on a service which is naturally, is easily HA'd, what we might do is we take your two nodes, which are running HA. Here we go to HA plus one. This node now has the fresh kernel. And we can then take another node out of rotation. In the case of a compute node where you actually have a running workload that doesn't belong to you, in which you're not managing, we can drive a live migration for the workloads off onto other nodes, validate that those migrations have worked, update the node in the appropriate way, reboot it if we have to, test that it is now a working node, so do a test deployment onto it, and if necessary, then migrate workloads back onto that. And landscape will drive this process over the next 15, 20 minutes. It's a bit faster doing it on virtual machines. In a physical cloud deployment, this would take an hour or two. But some of our telco and public cloud partners had said that it was taking them weeks to conduct this kind of essential maintenance on the cloud. Landscape will now drive this in an entirely automated fashion. So I'll leave that to roll out. So economics, it's cost effective to deploy the cloud this way. Tooling, the combination of landscape, juju and other tools. And ecosystem, are the big drivers for people building these clouds on OpenStack. Six months ago, HP announced that they were certifying all of their volume SKUs with Ubuntu to enable people to build these clouds on HP hardware. During the course of the last release, Dell also announced that they were certifying all of their volume SKUs so that you can now essentially build a cloud in an afternoon on SKUs from either of those. And what we do is make sure that all of the auto detection, all of the automated updating of firmware and so on is completely automated for these certified hardware partners. So our goal is to be the easiest and fastest way to deploy OpenStack. If you want to get OpenStack up and running today and then keep it up and running over successive versions of the platform, the easiest way to do that is going to be with Ubuntu. I think the first version of OpenStack that was baked into Ubuntu was Bexar back in 2011. So that's BCD, Essex, Folsom, Grizzly, and Havana, Jusun. So we have some deep exposure, some deep experience in the core pieces here. Ubuntu was the first enterprise platform to ship KVM as its default hypervisor. And it still has, by far, the largest install base of KVM guests and hosts in production today. But we also support Zen and Zen with OpenStack so you can deploy OpenStack with Zen. And yesterday, we announced a relationship with VMware for enterprise customers who have a substantial ESX and vSphere property. You can now ju-ju deploy your OpenStack cloud in an afternoon and then with the single command, link that OpenStack cloud to vSphere and to your ESX property. So we're able to have real choice of hypervisors. In both carrier environments and enterprise environments, that's essential. So this is what it looks like. You literally deploy the cloud, connect it up to vSphere, and that entire stack is fully-certed, and supported by both VMware and Canonical. We've also built a strong relationship with Microsoft around Azure. And they're returning the favor, so that's Ubuntu running on Azure. Ubuntu is the number one Linux platform on Azure today. Microsoft are returning the favor. In May, we will have a fully-certified set of Windows drivers for running Windows on Ubuntu on OpenStack as well. So you can deploy your cloud on Ubuntu or you can use the Microsoft cloud and you have full heterogeneity and interoperability because heterogeneity is the norm and that will be increasingly the case. Across all of those public clouds, Ubuntu is the number one public guest. So the easiest way to get anything done on any of those clouds typically is to use Ubuntu as a core part of your tool chain. That combined with the fact that we have this great relationship with OpenStack, matched cadence, we develop and release in lockstep, makes it really easy for people to either engage with OpenStack as developers of OpenStack or consume OpenStack in an enterprise environment. And uniquely, we have this commitment to delivering successive versions of OpenStack. The pace of innovation and change in OpenStack is such that nobody wants to be sitting on an older version of OpenStack even if that is the original certified version. So we uniquely do this. Another core piece of infrastructure for us is Juju, which is orchestration that spans multiple clouds. It makes it really easy to connect and configure service topologies on any environment, on the cloud, on physical metal, on any cloud. I haven't seen a tool take off quite like Juju before, just because it meets a real need that people have. It's a layer up from config management. So it's a layer up from puppet and chef. It allows you to wrap your puppet and chef. So if you have puppet or chef expertise in configuring a particular service, you wrap that in what we call a Juju charm. And then you can connect that up to other charms, in a very agile, very lightweight fashion across any kind of cloud environment. This really is an ODS that's all about ecosystem. If I look around the room, the majority of us are still essentially figuring out how we're going to build OpenStack together. And the core story for us is to be able to plug in value to live running cloud environments. So I showed you just how seriously we take the idea of the running cloud as a live dynamic environment. You have to be able to upgrade it. You have to be able to connect to it. You have to be able to extend it, scale it out, scale it back live in real time. But it's also going to be important to be able to try new technologies and plug them into what are essentially production live running environments. And so our engagements with all of these companies are all about figuring out how to plug their value out into a running environment, into a live environment. So you can try the value add from each of these companies. We don't think that there are going to be hundreds of OpenStack distributions just like there aren't hundreds of, or there are hundreds. But every major institution doesn't have their own Linux distribution. We figure out how essentially to plug value into known trusted platforms. So all of these companies and many others, NEC, EMC, NetApp, and so on, will plug into this live dynamic Ubuntu environment. There are four dramatic fields of innovation at the moment. There's infrastructure as a service, platform as a service, SDN, and what I've simply called SOS, scale out storage services. If any of you analysts have a better term for that, I'd really like it. But, SEF, Swift, and all of the storage companies that are essentially turning directly attached storage into scale out storage that's available at a restful endpoint, that is a phenomenon that we think is going to be really important. And if you look into the companies that are pioneering all of those, in Paz, for example, I think Heroku, Engine Yard, Cloud Foundry, all depend heavily on Ubuntu. In SDN, Nasirah recommends Ubuntu and deploys most easily on Ubuntu, as does Big Switch, and SEF, Swift, and so on. All of these are being pioneered prototype architected and then deployed at scale in Ubuntu. So how do people engage with OpenStack? Well, they all start as an experiment. All OpenStack clouds start as an experiment. People steal a rack, and then they prove to themselves that they can do it, and then they start to put them into formal evaluation processes, then they open them up to test and dev, and ultimately, and quite quickly, tend to move them into production. So one of the key blockers, historically, has been just the amount of hardware that you need to get started. With this demonstration, one of the things that's not immediately apparent is that I can take that running cloud, which is essentially running on top of a set of virtual machines, and without taking the clouds down, I can start adding hardware. And I can grow that to hundreds of racks, thousands of servers, tens of thousands of cores, without ever taking down the running cloud. So it's really important, we think, to have this very smooth pipeline from the ability to take a single beefy server, it has to be a fairly beefy server to start with, spin up the cloud, and then, if that's working, add capacity to it. While you're adding capacity to it, you start to make the transition to high availability, more management, more monitoring. You start to introduce and try some of these other capabilities from third-party vendors. That living dynamic process is what's really difficult, and where it's really at. We run big chunks of canonical on OpenStack today. So we have 20 million users who hit an OpenStack cloud every day. Many of the features and capabilities inside the Ubuntu desktop, phone, tablet, client experience are services that are delivered in real time from OpenStack. So uptime there is vitally important to us. It's been really fantastic to see just how quickly both developers and system administrators have flipped from thinking of this as something alien and different, you know, this dynamic environment, to consuming this eagerly. It's now significantly easier and faster to get new infrastructure deployed inside the company if you do it in a way that makes it really easy for the cloud administrators to drive. And a core proposition from us is predictable pricing. We think the cloud should be easy to install, it should be easy to scale, it should be easy to upgrade, and the economics should be great. So we price it very simply, small, medium, and large by availability zone, and go from there. One last thing. This phone is running Ubuntu, and it's not running an embedded version of Ubuntu, it's not running Ubuntu RT, it's running the desktop server version of Ubuntu. What's amazing about that is a couple of things. First, in order to get it to really fly on the phone, we've had to go through and slim down, streamline, remove the craft, and really make a core OS of Ubuntu as light as possible. We're right at the tipping point where it's possible to run a full platform on a piece of consumer electronics. But the huge advantage you get by us doing that work to make Ubuntu fly on the phone is that we're seeing increases in virtual machine density. So by shrinking and streamlining and tuning the core OS for the phone, we're seeing this nice increase in VM density on the cloud. The other huge advantage is that, as a developer environment, this is providing exactly the same set of core services as an Ubuntu guest virtual machine on any OpenStack cloud. So for example, for telcos who are interested in building ecosystems of developers and devices, this convergence is an extraordinary, extraordinary transition. And I think we're just at the very beginning of that. So I have no doubt that when we get to the other side of that transition, anything that lives in a data center, anything where there is growth in the data center, is gonna be built on OpenStack. All right, let's see how we're doing. I hear them humming away. So you can see that what Launchpad has done is sequence the upgrades. For each service, it essentially has to do a trial upgrade, create a node, validate that that node with the new kernel is working properly and then move over the service to the new node. It isn't fully done. So for example, Rabbit is still waiting to go and MySQL is still waiting to go, but those seem to be the last in the queue. Now we have one glitch that happens. Quantum in Grizzly is Active Passive HA. And I believe in Havana that will be sorted, so we'll be able to do Active Active. So and the issue there is that when you switch Active to Passive, it can sometimes essentially glitch on the network. So let's say force reconnect. There we go. So the workload never went down, but Quantum tore down the network and then built it up again. So I just had to reestablish the connection, but there it is. So that workload is now running on a different virtual machine. It's running on a virtual machine that has the kernel upgrade. If I was a customer of that public cloud, I would never have noticed. All right, thank you very much. I hope everybody has a great day. A lot of good sessions to be had. So I hope to see everybody around. Thank you.

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CHUWI CoreBook X High-Spec Windows Laptop! (High Spec, Low Cost)

This is the Chuwi CoreBook X, a 14" High Spec Laptop at an affordable price! Buy here: https://www.chuwi.com/product/items/chuwi-corebook-x.html Here are the specs of this laptop: Intel Core i5-8259U CPU @2.30Ghz 14" IPS Laminated Screen 2K Resolution, 3:2 Aspect Ration Intel Iris655 Graphics 16GB RAM - 512GB SSD 0:00 - Introduction 1:06 - Design 2:40 - Setup 2:54 - Display 3:33 - Keyboard & Touchpad 4:30 - Performance 6:06 - Final Thoughts //Trending Reviews - Subscribe for reviews, tutorials and a lot more awesome weekly videos on the latest gadgets, tech and various other products that are trending today! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/trendingreviews Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/UmerReviews TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@trending_reviews ExpressVPN 3-Months Free Discount: https://geni.us/GzMJo FREE MUSIC FOR CONTENT: https://geni.us/u9ik AMAZON STOREFRONT: https://www.amazon.co.uk/shop/trendingreviews MY CAMERA GEAR: Sony A7C: https://geni.us/DMInLBh Sony A7 iii: https://geni.us/TCX39K Sony 35mm Prime Lens: https://geni.us/YhSL (https://youtu.be/BTcOStOadlM) Sigma 24-70mm Lens: https://geni.us/QbR3 Tamron 28-200mm Lens: https://geni.us/Kf6tr Sony Wireless Remote: https://geni.us/ZHAfnWO MY FILMING ACCESSORIES: 4K Monitor: https://geni.us/ewXipR Studio Ring Light: https://geni.us/IPyxnK Tripod: https://geni.us/voqIr Camera Bag: https://geni.us/zbIXW69 AUDIO EQUIPMENT: Rode Wireless Go: https://geni.us/Pcee MixPre Sound Devices Audio Recorder: https://geni.us/sVEvMmM Sennheiser Shotgun Mic: https://geni.us/Sj9aA Mic Boom Stand: https://geni.us/TKA8a2 SMARTPHONE ACCESSORIES: Mini Tripod: https://geni.us/viCRh Phone Tripod Mount: https://geni.us/cAd6c Phone Ring Light: https://geni.us/B6Xen

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Hey guys, if you're on the lookout for a high spec Windows laptop on a budget, then there's not that many options out there unless you're willing to spend a lot of money. I'm talking about the $800, $1,000 and beyond price points. This is why I wanted to introduce this brand to you today. This is the Chewy Corebook X. It's from a site called hecka.com where you can buy this laptop, many other laptops and a whole bunch of tech and retail items at a very discounted price. Now just to show you guys the laptop I have, I'm just going to show you some of the key specifications but this Corebook X comes in at $550 but you can use my code in the description to get a discount not only on this laptop but any other item across the hecka.com website that's over $30. Get a discount, check it out. I've got the link and the detailed information in the description down below. So let's take a deep dive into various different categories of reviewing this laptop. I'll have them all chatted down in the timeline below and let's get straight into In terms of the design of the Corebook X, it has this sleek space grade design all around made of metal alloy and plastic chassis. The weight of the laptop is 1.5 kilograms so although it's not the lightest it's still easy to take with you anywhere. On the left hand side you have the AC adapter, USB-C ports and on the right hand side you have a single traditional USB port, a headphone port and further down a micro SD card slot which is great if like myself you like transferring videos from your recordings directly onto your laptop with the SD card. There's an integrated webcam in the bezel at the top which is a lower 720p camera so although it's not HD this is one of the places where costs are cut to make this laptop budget friendly. There are two stereo speakers at the bottom they can actually play relatively loud at around 83 decibels but I would say the linearity of the base is quite average and I would still recommend using bluetooth headphones for listening to music or watching videos with this laptop and here's an example of the audio. The setup was quick easy and straightforward it took no more than five minutes to get up and running with windows pre-installed. The first thing I did was install and set up an antivirus kit and microsoft office with the installation taking no more than 10 minutes for both. The screen is actually a high quality panel with deeper contrast, brighter backlight and wider colors than most other laptops in this budget price range. You have very minimal five millimeter bezels with edge-to-edge glass the screen brightness maxes out at 355 lumens so for most indoor usage that is actually very bright but it's worth noting that outdoor visibility is limited since the glossy screen contributes to the heavy glare so the backlight isn't bright enough to overcome outdoor lighting which would be the case for most laptops with glossy screens. The colors on the screen cover all of the sRGB standards which is pretty impressive for a budget laptop of this price. In terms of the keyboard I was pleasantly surprised the feedback of the keys is crisper and stronger than on most other ultrabooks which give a more satisfying typing experience. One thing to note is that the right shift key is reduced in size to make room for full-sized arrow keys which have been problematic in other laptops in the past so that's something I would be fine getting used to but overall I would say it has a clean and minimal aesthetic. The keyboard also comes with two stage backlighting it's not too bright but good enough to help you see what you're typing when it's dark. The touchpad is quite roomy it's 12 by 7.9 centimeters and it has a firm and noticeably louder feedback when clicking. There are multiple gestures that you can make on the touchpad which are pretty responsive as you should expect. When they say this laptop has all day battery I found it lives up to that claim. Out of the box it features an eight hour battery which is adopted by a 46.2 watt hour high capacity lithium-ion battery and it uses great system level power management to make the laptop last longer no matter what you're using it for. Productivity wise I have absolutely no problems using this for work browsing the internet checking emails taking calls etc. With the 16 gigabyte RAM it makes multitasking so much smoother and you don't need to worry about the system lagging if you have too many chrome browser tabs open for example it should absolutely be fine. Likewise connecting it to my ultra wide monitor using the USB-C port was just as simple as plug-and-play and I had no issues with lag or response times but one thing I wanted to test out is the gaming capability just so I can really test the laptop to its limits. I downloaded Asphalt 9 from the Microsoft Store and although this laptop doesn't come with any dedicated graphics card for gaming the inbuilt iris plus 655 graphics does a decent enough job whereby the Asphalt 9 ran pretty smooth without any lag or frame drops on medium to high settings so I would say that if you wanted to play games on this laptop you would be absolutely fine to do so as long as you set it to medium settings and no more than 100 frames per second. After having used this laptop for a while I don't have any real complaints with it in terms of performance for this price point. My final thoughts is for $550 or £410 in the UK this is an excellent buy. I think this is far more valuable for the money than all of the competition brands that you guys are all aware of that have very similar specs and for the 3x2 aspect ratio screen I think that just works perfectly for people that work from home people that use laptops in the office or even students and when you pair that with the tactile keyboard this makes it the ideal laptop for all of your work and productivity needs so check it out the link to the hecka.com website for this laptop and their main website is all down below I've got the discount code there as well if you have any thoughts feedback or questions make sure to ask them down in the comments I'll try to help you as much as I can new videos are every week make sure to subscribe so you don't miss out any cool gadgets just like this and I will catch you guys next time take care

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Brad Hopper | HP Big Data Conference 2014

Brad Hopper, Spotfire, at HP Big Data Conference 2014 with John Furrier and Jeff Kelly @theCUBE #HPBigData2014

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Live from Boston, Massachusetts, it's theCUBE at the HP Vertica Big Data Conference 2014. Brought to you by HP. With your hosts, John Furrier and Dave Vellante. Okay, welcome back everyone. We are live in Boston, Massachusetts for HP's Big Data Conference. This is theCUBE, our flagship program throughout the events to extract the signals from the noise. I'm John Furrier, the co-host with Jeff Kelly in this segment, Wikibon analyst and big data analyst here inside theCUBE. Our next guest is Brad Hooper, VP of Technology, Office of the CTO of TIPCO, and I came from Spotfire, welcome to theCUBE. It's great to be here. TIPCO's been around the block for a long time and everyone in the web business knows the success they've had in web services and beyond. Notifications, events, large scale complex stuff. Pulling it together. But now we're in a different world. Give us the update, I'm obviously still relevant. What's the new thing at TIPCO for the folks who want an update? Give them a quick update on where you guys are at, position-wise, what's your key markets? Sure, so TIPCO, long standing player, key player in the integration business, but TIPCO's been expanding our technology and use cases pretty dramatically over the past 10 years to include in particular event processing, which we were one of the innovators in that area, but we recently, with our business events product, we recently added stream-based acquisition coming from Michael Stonebreaker, kind of heritage. Also analytics, the spot-fire team that I hail from before becoming part of TIPCO proper, and recently added Jaspersoft as well for embedded analytics. So we've been pretty focused on this, the use cases that involve understanding data and then taking action on data in a kind of closed loop, full circle. So you must like the segment we did with Tom Davenport we just had around business competitive advantage. That's your shtick right now, using data for dollars, both top-line revenue generation, but also for competitive strategy. Absolutely, spot-fire actually was featured in his competing on analytics book back in the day, and we're still doing that. One of our key concepts is that automation on its own is impossible. You need to have what are the rules actually that are gonna run and what are the decisions and the actions that you're gonna take. So this idea of combining human-based decision-making with automated kind of events, response and action-taking, and that loop is really critical. So let's get Jeff Kelly to kind of, that's the real deal here. Let's find out, does that make sense? Do you agree with what Brad was saying? I mean, obviously he's a little bit biased, but incredible, he's a VP and techie. So what's your take? Well, I certainly agree that you need a combination of both the automation to make those real-time decisions where you actually have a system-making intelligent decisions based on real-time analytics. You've got the human aspect which you can't take out of the equation, both in terms of kind of validating that the real-time automated decisions and actions are correct, and doing some of that deeper analysis, historical analysis that really feeds the models that you're building as they move into automation. So it sounds like, well, what I'd like to ask about is the kind of the marriage of both kind of the traditional TIBCO side with the both Spotfire and now Jaspersoft. Maybe I do have some more questions around Jasper in particular, right? Did that go into Spotfire? You guys put that together as a still separate question. It is together actually at this point. We combine those into an analytics group which is run by Brian Gentile, the former leader of Jaspersoft. So basically how are you integrating those two parts, the kind of the TIBCO proper and the more the analytics side in a way that closes that loop, if you use that term, I think that's a good one. We heard yesterday in the keynote about not from Colin Mahoney, not just about closing the loop but tightening that loop. Continually tweaking it and fine tuning it. How do you guys go about marrying those to the automation and the analytics? Right, well, in the era of big data, it becomes even more important that we tease out the nuggets using good, powerful analytic techniques and also the business expertise of end users who are skilled in that particular area. And so we focused on being able to transition from that human-based understanding into building a model and taking that model of business behavior and pushing it into the real-time system. So it's not just about statistical modeling and by the way we have cutting edge, closed source execution engine for R and the only one in the marketplace, 10 to 50 times faster than the native open source R engine. Not only about building the right models but about or about the automation but about how you smooth that path from human-based insight development through to execution against the right opportunities and then of course taking the action whatever that may be, making a contextual offer or redirecting traffic in the supply chain and there's a hundred different use cases to which that model is lost. Right, we're gonna have some fun here. We're gonna have some fun here. Oh, is that in supply, Jeff? No, I was just gonna point out, I mean, that's one of the biggest challenges in this space there's a huge, obviously the market for data visualization is a big market in BI where you've got a, you're a human being, you're an analyst, you're an executive and you're looking at some data and you're visualizing it so you can better understand it but ultimately you've got to translate that into action and increasingly with the speed of business you don't have time for a human to sit there and say, well, okay, we're going to make these decisions. I mean, the old, whether it's LinkedIn or Amazon is probably the example people understand the most is people you may know when on LinkedIn you log in there, they recommend some people based on all that kind of analytics in the background and that's an automated process that happened based on a lot of deep data science and that's one of the challenges of going from that deep data science to productionizing that into essentially an application that actually does something. So that's an area I think, John, where there's ripe for opportunity. Yeah, and let me just respond to that and then also respond to your early query about Jaspersoft, because I think those two kind of fit nicely together because we've been focusing for a long time at Spotfire and at Tipco on creating applications that are very easy for a business user to interact with the statistical model. So they don't need to be a statistician in order to take advantage of that intellectual property that's developed. So, but that's within the analytics sense kind of business intelligence kind of framework in the context of delivering an application to the user that's dealing with the data and so on. Now, there's been a kind of longstanding rule that only about 70 or 75% of people who need or who would benefit from business intelligence are actually using it. And one of the hypotheses of the Jaspersoft organization is that the reason for that is not because they're not smart or they don't need it, but they're actually, their typical business use case is in an application that does a particular job, whether that's a supply chain application or a CRM application or so on. It's not a BI application, it's a business application. So the Jaspersoft commitment and now the TIPCO commitment is to deliver on what we call embedded analytics. So we realize that people can always spin around in their ergonomic chair, from one application to a business intelligence tool to a statistics tool, we wanna bring the analytics to the user who's making the decision in the context of that business process. And so that's where they fit. Spotify is more focused on an analytic use case, whereas Jaspersoft is focused on an in-process decision-making use case. So they're very distinct. So embedding was, as Colin says, put smarts on the data. That's a Jaspersoft, where you're more analyst with the Spotify. Yeah, I think Jaspersoft is, put the smarts in the app. If you're already building an application, a SaaS-based application, or just a desktop application that's gonna be used in your organization, you still need decision-making content. And so let's allow that to be possible as well. So I gotta get your take on something. We'll have some fun here. I wrote a tweet earlier. What's the difference between a statistician and a data scientist? The answer, salary. That's a great question, yeah. So that was my snarky creepish, which Sunil Rawat just said, hey, that's highly irresponsible. Tweeting back, highly irresponsible statements. Statistics are an infinitely small portion of the tools data science is used. So it was overheard common that we overheard in theCUBE. I suppose that was kind of a joke. But this data science bubble we're in right now. There's a lot of demand. Wall Street Journal highlighted this week. Statistician, analyst, or business user, versus the hardcore data scientist. Obviously, the salary is going to weigh on the data science side. So it actually is kind of true. But the point is, the question about that Sunil brought up was, we're now comparing disciplines. Your job is to make analytics easy for people. So what is going on with the data science bubble? Well, every statistician that I know has changed their title to data scientist now. So I mean, in some part, your statement is kind of true. And actually, practically speaking, statisticians who work in a business, like I came from the semiconductor yield management business, those folks know a lot about that business. So they start to actually take on some of the characteristics of the hypothetical data scientist. Who knows about stats? Who knows about the business? And who knows about programming? But so I think they're kind of merging into one. But to respond to your other point, absolutely one of our primary goals is to make easy things faster to do. But also to support the more complex use cases. And maybe a more global statement would be to facilitate each player's role in the process of constructing and using an application that spans all of those disciplines. So as a statistician, I should be able to take that IP and broadcast it through the app instead of having office hours. If you do your job properly, then there'll be a level playing field, in my opinion, on the roles and salary, except for the corner cases of the ninjas who are like just super gurus worth the worth of money. But I want to bring that to another level. So we're in this notification economy, I'm calling it. My notifications are going off on my phone. Twitter updates, all these apps sending me notifications. You guys basically invented and created this stable platform for complex events. It's not getting any easier with today, with the mobile apps. So how do you look at this new API economy, notification economy? I mean, Tom Davenport wrote the attention economy in 2001. This is all happening right now at a whole another level. So what are you guys doing around this? Well, there's kind of two things to say. One thing is what's kind of state of the art and that we support, which is a little bit along the lines of what we were speaking about earlier. We have the technology so that the data scientists or statisticians of the world can easily construct the right models to do better targeting of whatever it is, whether it's an offer or a campaign or what have you. And then the infrastructure for deploying that into a high speed kind of event driven methodology. So using our technology, you can be much better targeted and get the message where you want it to be. And we really do believe we're at the cutting edge of that whole soup to nuts closed loop process. Having said that, you talk about this kind of signal to noise ratio. We hope that the best possible targeting and alignment of the offer and the customer will get their attention. But the fact of the matter is there's a whole bunch of other stuff happening at the same time. So the tip code bus was a term that everyone would talk about the service bus. What is that now? I mean, what is the new bus? Is it a cloud bus, mobile bus, data bus? Is it now a new architecture? How is that? That's a question. Well, the bus as a concept persists in exactly the way that Vivek envisioned it. We shouldn't have to be doing point to point routing from multiple technologies. It's a multiplicative problem instead of a linear problem. So if you can have one conduit into which all of the different sources and sinks of information and action can flow, that's a good idea. So we've been doing that on a kind of enterprise on-premises basis, if you will. But we do have a cloud bus offering, which is, as you think about organizations who are on their journey to the cloud, or maybe we'll get part of the way there only, there's gonna be naturally a requirement for integration that spans internal premises systems and then true SAS or cloud-based systems. But you see the bus relevant in the social omnidirectional. It becomes even more important because now there's even more sources. Now you have multiple clouds to connect to each other and also to the on-premises data and systems. Well, we heard from the Royal, Phyllis Royal, the international issue is huge. Now you have buses for parking data in Germany versus... That's a whole other set of constraints, right? What do the regulations say about where the data needs to be? But fundamentally, if it's not illegal, it might be a good idea to have a kind of single source of flow for that information so you're not point to point wiring. Okay, so now let's bring it back. What is TIPCO? I mean, just explain to the folks out there who may not be familiar with the company, share with your own words. What is the TIPCO? What's the company? What's the DNA? What's the core secret sauce? What does the brand stand for? What's the brand stand for? So TIPCO was invented, it stands for, if you want, the information bus company. So then that's still true today, just as the topic that we were on, we want to reduce the kind of spaghetti code that needs to be done in order to create a holistic organization in which all of its parts are functioning smoothly. So toward that end, we've added on top of that bus, we've added componentry that is useful for, so the bus you might call integration, right? The bus is the concept that you build with that integration toolkit. Then we have analytics for decision-making against the data that's flowing through or about to flow through or has finished flowing through the bus. And we have event processing, which is kind of high-grading that deluge of information. By the way, every big data source started as a real-time stream. So our mantra is to glean the information that you can from the big data, but then put that model upstream so you're taking the action before it's too late. So we've got analytics, we've got event processing, we've got a number of other technologies, social and mobile, we've got technologies for social and mobile. So really it's just a few pillars and then the idea is that we're very, very focused on putting those pieces together in a smooth way rather than just saying, hey, here's a bunch of stuff that we have to sell. So where are you looking, East Coast, West Coast? I personally am here in the Boston office, just a few blocks down, but tipcoast headquartered in Palo Alto. Great. So quickly, obviously, we're here at the HP Vertica Big Data Conference. What's your relationship with Vertica? Obviously, it's a source of data, it's a processing engine. I imagine the relationship is, from the analytics point of view, kind of sitting on top of Vertica, but in your own words, what's the role and the relationship between the two? Yeah, well, Vertica is very much in the data management business, both in terms of what they're doing literally with the Vertica database, but also in the way that they manage and interact with and utilize no SQL sources. And Spotify and tipco are not in the data management business. Instead, we're in the decision making and action taking. So as a matter of fact, it's pretty much a perfect fit and we're actually working with Vertica and HP at many, many different levels. HP, of course, is a big deliver of service and does implementations of tipco technology, but also we're working on a number of active projects right now in the area of this kind of closed loop, event-driven use case that we've been talking about. And Ken, actually, is speaking at the moment and saying a little bit about one of the projects that we're working on. So we got some commentary from Sunia, we got some virtual participation here on the CrowdChat. He says, I said every status system changes their title to data scientists. Chiropractors claim to be doctors too, sometimes helps, loves status of the seams that anyone can pass for data science these days. And he says, I've routinely seen big data projects fail even at Fortune 10 companies because people can't tell the difference between data scientists, stats, coders, quote, pet peeve. So his pet peeve is there is a little bit of title inflation going on with the... Yeah, you could say the reverse though too. You could say that a lot of data scientists are pretending to be statisticians. I mean, so there's definitely a broad set of skills that you need to be proficient at in order to be a true data scientist if you take the McKinsey definition, if you want. Brad, thanks for coming on theCUBE. Really appreciate the commentary. We went geek, we went high level. Thanks so much for your content. This is theCUBE live in Boston here at the HP Big Data Conference. We'll be right back with our next guest after this short break.

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Aaron Boone on the state of the Yankees' bullpen

Aaron Boone discusses the state of the Yankees' bullpen in light of Zach Britton's injury. Subscribe for daily sports videos! YES' social media pages: TikTok: tiktok.com/@YESnetwork YouTube: youtube.com/YESnetwork Facebook: facebook.com/YESnetwork Twitter: twitter.com/YESnetwork Instagram: instagram.com/YESnetwork

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with Britain now. I mean, you kind of had him locked in as your eighth inning guy at the beginning of the season and you've kind of had to shift along the way. Does LeWisega and Green, with their ability to give you two innings, kind of make you not necessarily need an eighth inning guy and you kind of shift around there because they can give you multiple? Yeah, yeah, no question. But I think one of the something that's happened this season two is we found out about some other people too that have worked themselves into the conversation, worked themselves into more meaningful roles. So, you know, it does allow you in certain situations, whether it be the fifth inning one night, whether it's the eighth inning, another night to, you know, plays a matchup game a little bit, you know, Wandy Peralta, Peralta's our opportunities, play homes has really earned opportunities, you know, running different depending on where we are in the lineup, what the matchups look like. You know, we're able to have a little bit of flexibility there. And then of course, most all of those guys are capable of depending on how much they pitched of late of getting, you know, more than three outs on Sundays.

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(Not-So-Creepypasta) Toy Story Bootleg Tape

Story https://geosheas-lost-episodes.fandom.com/wiki/Toy_Story_Bootleg_Tape Credit: Original Writer Background Music by: Kevin MacLeod Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational, or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.

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In some month on 1996, Toy Story was released on VHS. However, between October 1st to October 31st, 2001, Toy Story was being sold one VHS at a flea market. The day was October 7th, 2001. And I was at one area at the market. A man was selling a Toy Story cassette. I bought it, and went home. I inserted it into my VHS player. And it opened regularly. But it was wavy at the part when Andy picks up Woody. But when Woody said his four classic words, you're my favorite deputy, it immediately skipped to Woody and Andy on the couch. Everything seemed a little bright, and was in a jiggly kind of effect. Then it showed when Andy picked the box, but it was pixelated. Then it showed a clip on a plane, and then it went to the scene where Buzz introduced himself to the toys on where he lives at Sector 4. For some reason, that part was in Spanish. Then it just suddenly went static through half of the whole scene. Then it went back to the movie. As I watched, I heard someone outside my house. I looked and it was the mailman. He told me, You've got a package. I then replied. I didn't order anything. I accepted it and opened it anyway. A Toy Story fan club pin. I've never ordered this. As I looked behind, the TV was paused but I didn't stop it. I said I would be back after the situation happened. Finally, I went back to watching my tape. I went down my basement and what do you know, my dog, Chuck, was there. I asked, Chuck, are you okay? And he barked with effort when he went up to me. I hugged him. I went to drink a cup of coffee because I felt like I had a rough day. It was awful. I was not amused because the mailman gave me another Toy Story pin. I said in a very upset voice, What is with all the pins? October 9th, 2001. After Toy Story 2 was released at the same flea market, I bought that tape too. When I went home, I put in the tape four days later. Ages ago, I was a huge fan of Toy Story. My parents would always tuck me in bed and put on Toy Story. I loved that movie so much. I started having a weird feeling about something. After four days, I just put in the Toy Story 2 VHS. It began with static for two or four minutes. It was really weird. October 10th, 2001. I will never forget the day I saw Woody staring at me at Disneyland. I went three weeks after the tape situation but we don't care about Woody staring and stuff. One day I met Randy Newman, singer of Toy Story songs, and I asked him how he was doing and he felt making music for Pixar. He didn't say anything but he played me a song on the piano. It had a hint of you've got a friend in me in it. I got the hint that he would rather not go back to Pixar for the bad times that happened. I configured my problems years later, but we will talk about that at the end of the story. October 11th, 2001. I said, you know what, I am finished with dealing with this movie. So I got rid of the first movie and went to a picnic area to have a little picnic. A little kid was watching Toy Story on his portable TV. I asked him, where did you get that portable TV? And his mom said, Anthony, let's go. As I ate my pizza and gave my dog a biscuit, I went to the playground area and it was completely empty. The only thing there was a Woody doll, abandoned, buried under the grass. I dug it up and brought it home with me. October 12th, 2001. I stared at the doll and put it in my closet. As I was watching the tape of Toy Story 2, it had a random code message on it. It said, 2-FS-7-G-2-2-3-N-B-5-5-5. I wrote it down and went back to Pixar Studios. I asked John Lasseter, what is this code? And he replied, Oh, see you later, we are working on the new movie. In a very nervous voice. He gave me a Buzz Lightyear fan club pin. October 21st, 2001. Nothing really happened on the past eight days. They were like any regular day. I was watching Family Matters. The episode was Little Big Guy. It was that one episode when Steve and Carl accidentally get shrunk by Steve's witty wike invention. Toy Story was paid handsomely for its big budget in the box office. I thought to myself, I wonder what happened to the Toy Story Woody doll I found at the park. I looked in my closet and his voice box sounded like the batteries were going out. October 25th, 2001. One day, I came to my nearby Starbucks for a coffee, and when I went home, Woody was on the floor, and the more days passed by, his face was sculpting and his voice box got more decrepit. After that happened, I went in my garage and things were getting strange. I was at Burger King and I got a whopper. A kid was looking at me. I asked him what he needed and he didn't say anything, but he just went to get a kid's meal and just left. October 26th, 2001. The doll began smelling like tooth decay. Woody's voice box was gone. His hands were missing, his face was melting, and the cotton he was stuffed with was burning out. I was scared because my dog was alone in the garage. I got rid of the Woody doll and went for a walk to the park. October 28th, 2001. Yet again. A few days were skipped because nothing had happened on those past two days. I have lost half of what happened on the tape situation, and I met a physical doctor. He knew how much losing half of the memory meant to me, so he used a shot that knocked me out. I don't remember what happened much on that day, but I remember I heard a child chuckling, because he remembered something he thought was funny. October 31st, 2001. It was Halloween day for me and my dog. We went trick or treating, and got so much candy. I still think of that horrible day, but when it got knocked on my door and wanted candy, instead of giving him some of mine, I gave him the toy story tape. But I fixed all the errors on the tape, and gave him my Buzz Lightyear and toy story fan club badges. He said, Thank you. And despite the fact, this was the same kid that I encountered at Burger King. I got rid of the tape, but I still remember a little bit of the toy story doll inside of me.

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Statement by the First Minister: Security in Scotland - Scottish Parliament: 24 May 2017

Read the full transcript of this Statement by the First Minister in the Scottish Parliament Official Report: http://goo.gl/gSLA2w Published by the Scottish Parliament Corporate Body. www.parliament.scot // We do not facilitate discussions on our YouTube page but encourage you to share and comment on our videos on your own channels. // If you would like to join in our conversations please follow @ScotParl on Twitter or like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/scottishparliament

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Rhun ap I victim! The next item of business this afternoon is consideration of business motion 5.787, in the name of Joffas Patrick, on behalf of the Parliamentary Bureau, is setting out a revised business programme for today. I would ask any member who wishes to speak against the motion to press their request to speak better now. I'd ask Joffas Patrick to move motion 5.757. No member has asked to speak against the motion, therefore the question is that we agree motion 5.787. Are we all agreed? Rwy'n credu. The next item of business is a statement by Nicola Sturgeon on security in Scotland. The First Minister will take questions at the end of her statement, and so there should be no interventions or interruptions. I call the First Minister. I am grateful for the opportunity to give Parliament a further update following the awful events in Manchester on Monday night. In particular, I thought that it would be appropriate to set out the implications of the decision that was taken last night by JTAC, the Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre, to raise the security threat level from severe to critical. I received briefing last night from the United Kingdom Government's national security adviser on the reasons behind that decision—indeed, I have spoken to him again within the last hour. Clearly, it would not be appropriate to go into detail of what an on-going investigation is. However, in summary, the increase in the threat level is due to a concern that the attacker who carried out the atrocity at the Manchester arena may not have been acting alone and that, therefore, it is possible that a further terrorist attack could be imminent. However, it is important to be very clear that it remains the case that no specific threat to Scotland has been identified. In light of the increase in the threat level, I took the decision last night to convene a further meeting of the Scottish Government's resilience committee. That meeting took place in the early hours of this morning, involving the Deputy First Minister, the Justice Secretary, the Lord Advocate, Police Scotland, the Ambulance Service, the Fire and Rescue Service and our regional resilience partnerships. The chief executive of the Scottish Parliament also took part in that meeting. That was an opportunity for us to discuss the immediate implications for Scotland of the heightened security status. Clearly, that is something that will be kept under on-going review, taking account of any intelligence available to the police. As the chief constable indicated this morning, Police Scotland has now established a multi-agency co-ordination centre at Govind police station to lead the response across the country and with key partners. I will visit the centre later this afternoon to see its operations for myself and to receive further briefing about the nature of the response. However, I wanted to outline today, as clearly as is possible at this stage, what some of the practical consequences for Scotland are likely to be over the next few days and what the public can expect to see. I know that there has been media discussion in particular about the use of military personnel to support the police in their duties under what is known as operation temporary. Operation temporary is an established plan for mobilising military support to the police service following a major terrorist attack. The decision about whether to authorise it is a matter for the UK Government. Operation temporary has two distinct phases. The first phase involves the deployment of the military to sites currently provided with armed policing by Ministry of Defence Police and Civil Nuclear Constabulary. That frees up those armed police officers to support police forces across the UK. The second phase involves the deployment of military personnel to support the police to guard specific sites under the control and direction of the police. It is important to stress that, at present, only the first phase of operation temporary has been authorised. What that means in Scotland is that military personnel will be used at civil, nuclear and ministry of defence sites here in Scotland. There are a total of 12 such sites in Scotland, nine ministry of defence and three civil nuclear sites. Those sites, which are not accessible to the general public, will be secured by the military as of today. The presence of military personnel at sites of this nature, both in Scotland and across the UK, will free up the armed police who are normally on duty there. Those armed police will create a contingency resource that can be deployed across the UK. Any decision to make use of that contingency resource in Scotland would be for the chief constable. However, Police Scotland has no plans at this initial stage to do so. It has confirmed that it has reviewed security across Scotland to ensure that the right level of policing is in place and that it can provide that level of policing from within its own resources. That is something that will be kept under review by Police Scotland. It is important to point out that Police Scotland has made significant progress in the last year to ensure that an increase in armed policing to around 600 trained firearm officers in Scotland. It has also increased the number of firearms officers on duty at any one time. As a result of the move to critical, Police Scotland has effectively doubled the number of armed response vehicles on patrol since Monday night. It is likely that the public will see more armed policing on the streets than usual, particularly at transport hubs and around city centres. It is maybe worth stressing at this point, given the understandable attention that Operation Temporary is receiving. We do not currently envisage that military personnel will be deployed on the streets in Scotland or in other public locations. However, as with all operational matters, that will be kept under review by the chief constable. As I said a moment ago, it is likely that for the duration of the increased threat level, the public will see more armed police on the streets than usual, particularly around transport hubs and city centres. I want to be clear that that represents a specific response to the increased threat level following the Manchester attack. The threat level is kept under review and is only kept at this level as long as an attack is judged to be imminent. Therefore, it should not indicate a more general or long-term shift in Scotland to having armed police on regular patrol. As I said yesterday, the police are also completing a review of every public event due to take place over the next few weeks. That includes a full review, together with the Scottish Football Association, of this weekend's Scottish Cup final, to ensure that there is an appropriate deployment of police and stewards. This work is on-going, and the other major events being assessed include the visit on Friday of President Obama, the Edinburgh marathon due to take place this weekend, and the Lisbon Lions memorial event in Glasgow. In addition, guidance is being issued to organisers of all large events. I stress that the aim of the police is to allow public events to continue as far as possible as normal. However, the public should anticipate additional safety measures at these events. Those measures may well include full body and bag searches and the presence of armed police. For that reason, as well as urging the public to co-operate with those measures, I would urge people to make sure that they leave extra time if they are going to an event or travelling through an airport or a train station. In all of this, our very clear aim is to strike a balance between protecting public safety and ensuring that day-to-day life goes on as normal. Those enhanced security measures are part of how we aim to do that. As always, the public has a role to play as well. My message to the public is that this is clearly a very anxious time, but there is no need to be alarmed. Many of the steps that are being taken now are precautionary. I repeat that there is no intelligence of a specific threat to Scotland. However, I ask the public to be vigilant and to report any concerns or suspicions that they may have to the police. Before I finish today, I also want to provide a further update to the chamber on the specific impact of Monday night's awful events. My thoughts and I am sure those of everyone in the chamber remain with the families of those who have lost their lives, those victims who were injured and the people of Manchester more generally. I can advise the chamber that Police Scotland family liaison officers are currently in Manchester providing support to the families of Laura McIntyre and Ailey MacLeod from Barra. I am aware that there is significant information in the media about those two young girls, particularly about the condition of Laura. However, their families have requested privacy at this extremely difficult time, and for that reason I do not intend to go into further detail today. I simply want to assure Parliament that as much support as possible is being and will continue to be provided to them at this unimaginably difficult time. I know also that we will all want them to know that they are very much in our thoughts. More widely we know that in total seven people have now presented at hospitals in Scotland. However, I am pleased to report that all have since been discharged from hospital. It is of course possible that other people who witnessed the terror attack or its immediate aftermath have returned to Scotland and are feeling distressed or upset. Anyone with concerns about themselves or their children should contact their GP for support. Health boards have been re-issued with information, providing guidance to adults and children who have witnessed traumatic events. As I mentioned in my statement yesterday, the events of Monday night were upsetting for all of us, but they may have been especially upsetting for young people. That is a time to ensure that parents and teachers talk to children about any concerns that they have. We remain in contact with young Scott and with Education Scotland and local authorities to provide the guidance and support that they need to help with those conversations. As I said earlier on, I know that this is an anxious time for everybody across the UK. Again, my message is that people should be vigilant but not alarmed. The steps that I have been describing today are precautionary. Most importantly of all, people should continue to go about their day-to-day business as normal. The Scottish Government resilience operation will remain active for the foreseeable future to ensure strategic co-ordination of our overall response, and I will continue to update Parliament as required. The justice secretary will also be happy to speak directly to any member who has concerns or queries. Finally, let me end—I am sure on behalf of all of us—by putting on record again my heartfelt thanks to our emergency services. Their bravery and dedication is not news to us, but at times like these it never fails to inspire. We are grateful to each and every one of them. With those remarks, I am happy to answer questions. The First Minister will now take questions for the next 20 minutes. If members wish to ask a question, I would encourage you to press your request-to-see button. Ruth Davidson. I thank the First Minister for that statement. The defence and security services have been clear about the threat of further attack, which is why the threat level has been raised to critical. In Scotland, that means visible armed policing at key locations, a review of security and hosting at major sporting and entertainment events, and further enhanced security checks to ensure that people are kept safe. We should be vigilant and patient as access to certain events and locations take longer, but what we should not be is fearful, nor should we be cowed. As chief superintendent Roddy Irvine of Police Scotland said this morning, it is worth remembering folks who are armed Scottish cops are still just Scottish cops. If you say hello, they will say hello back. If you smile, they will smile back. As we face down the current threat, I know that the sight of armed police officers and service personnel at key locations may be unsettling, but there can be no doubt that their response is necessary, and we thank them for their professionalism and bravery. It is vital that the police and the security services have everything necessary to get on with the job in the coming days, and as we said yesterday, the terrorists will not win. By meeting their cowardice with calm, implacable defiance, we will show that to be the case. Can the First Minister reassure the chamber that if Police Scotland requires any extra resources over the coming days, particularly this weekend, the Scottish Government will step in to help? I can give that assurance to expand slightly on that. As I have indicated to the chamber, I am in regular discussions right now with the chief constable and with Police Scotland. He participated in our meeting last night and I have spoken to him today. I will see him in Glasgow later on today. He has assured me that, from within the resources that he has, he is able to provide the enhanced coverage, particularly around armed police officers that I have spoken about today. However, I will continue to ensure that the Scottish Government, myself, the justice secretary and the entire Government laze closely with the police to make sure that we are responding to any need for support and resources that they request. I think that there are two points that I made in my statement, one of which I will add today that we should bear in mind to give us a level of assurance. Justice Secretary made a statement in this Parliament about this very issue some months ago. The police decided to increase the trained armed officers that they had available to them. That has been working progress throughout this year and, as a result, there has been a significant uplift and there are now around 600 armed officers available for deployment by the police. Secondly, and this is something that we have discussed many times in this Parliament over the past decade, we have, as a Parliament, made sure in our budgeting that we have maintained the number of regular police officers on the streets of Scotland. Both of those moves give our police a level of resources that gives them the confidence that the chief constable is able to give me. However, all of that said does not take away from the enormous pressure that our police officers work under, not just during times like this but generally. We will continue to do everything that we can to make sure that our brave police men and women have the support that they deserve. Kezia Dugdale In light of the new threat level, extra security is visible in this building, around Westminster, embathies and other civic locations. We are all too aware that many of the recent attacks across Europe have been at markets, high streets, music venues or sporting occasions. I wonder whether the First Minister can provide any additional reassurance about what people across Scotland can expect going about their everyday lives, and, if there are any practical steps that the public can take to support the police in their work, separately to that? The First Minister Let me answer that question in three quick ways. First, I think that the most visible difference that the public, the general public—not everybody in every single street corner in Scotland, but the most obvious visible difference will be more armed officers on the streets. They will be particularly around, as I said, transport hubs, crowded places, city centres but I think that there will be a lot of people in Scotland who do not normally see armed police, who will see armed police while this increased threat level is in place. Secondly, in terms of what the general public can do, the public has such a key role to play here. It is the responsibility of the police to keep the public safe, but we all know that the co-operation of the public is an important part of that. My message again to the public is to be vigilant. Anything at all that is of concern or creates suspicion, make sure that that is reported to the police. Generally, be co-operative and patient, as I know the vast majority of the public will be. There will be inconvenience over the next few days or however long this increased threat level lasts. It will take longer for people to get into places that they are visiting and there may be other inconveniences, but if you are finding yourself taking longer to get into a sporting event or some other event, just remember that the reason for that delay is for your own safety. Generally, in terms of events, I said yesterday and I repeated today that there is a review of all public events on going. Without getting into too much detail, there is clearly a broad spectrum of public events that take place. There are events such as football matches that take place in very confined spaces over a limited period of time. There are then less precise events such as the Edinburgh Marathon this weekend or people at other outdoor festivals and market places. The police have all that under review in their assessment process. Because of the different nature of some of those events, the responses will vary from one to the other. However, we must have confidence and trust in the police to carry out those assessments and make sure that they are providing the appropriate level of response. I can assure the chamber that that work is well under way. Patrick Harvie. Those who are asked to keep our society safe have a difficult job to do, and they have our support. We have always accepted that, in the appropriate circumstances, the deployment of armed personnel can be appropriate and necessary, but the judgment is a finely balanced one. The sight of armed personnel, whether police or military, can give reassurance. It can also increase public anxiety. What are the criteria that we need to apply for the additional deployment of armed personnel under operation temporary to be stood down? Secondly, can I ask for an assurance, or for the First Minister to seek an assurance from the UK Government that that additional deployment will have no impact on the legitimate expression of peaceful protest, including, for example, by the peace movement at MOD sites? First, in terms of the deployment of armed police, that balance that Patrick Harvie talks about is very important. I know that the police believe that that balance is important. When we have discussed issues of armed policing in this chamber before, sometimes it struck me that we do not always—I take my share of the responsibility for this—we do not always distinguish between what are two often separate issues. First, is the number of armed police we have trained and able to be deployed, and secondly the circumstances in which they are deployed. In terms of the first, the police have been increasing the numbers, but secondly in terms of the deployment, it is very important to stress that routinely, outside of periods like this one, the general rule of policing in Scotland is that we do not have routinely armed police patrolling the streets. There are very limited circumstances in which armed police are deployed, so firearms incidents and incidents where loss of life is an issue. During instances like this, we will see armed police deployed more generally in our streets, but that is why I was very careful to say today that we should not assume that that is a general move to more routine armed policing of officers on patrol. That is a specific response. How long that response will last will be very much driven by the decisions taken by JTAC. The JTAC decision to increase the threat level did not, in and of itself, mean that Operation Temporal would be in vote, but that decision was also taken last night. The duration of both of those things will very much flow from the progress and the investigation that is under way. The threat level is because there is a fear that this attacker was not acting alone and that there is a risk of an imminent attack. That is not my decision to do that or to downgrade it again, but the decision will be driven by the state of that investigation. Secondly, in terms of civil liberties and protest, our police in Scotland do an excellent job in supporting people's absolute right to peaceful protest, and I would not expect that to be different at this time. All of us, in all walks of life, should be mindful of the additional pressure that our police are under right now. As part of our contribution to meeting the needs of this particular circumstance, we should be as co-operative with the police as they go about their task. Peaceful protest is an absolutely fundamental part of our democracy, and we should never forget that it is our democracy that those attackers are trying to undermine, and we should not allow them to do that. Willie Rennie, followed by Christiane McElvie. I am grateful for the First Minister's statement and for the concern that she has expressed on behalf of us all to the victims, the families and the rescue services who are still dealing with the aftermath of this horrific incident. I have complete confidence in the painstaking and intelligent work that is being carried out by the security services and the recommendations that they have made. They have to strike a balance. We want our country safe, citizens should have confidence, all without creating a climate of fear. At Edinburgh today, in the railway stations, on the buses, in the streets, like in the Royal Mile, people are out in their numbers going about their normal lives. That tells me that the balance is right. I ask the First Minister how often she expects to review those arrangements and how she will judge if the balance is being maintained. As I said, all those arrangements are under on-going review, and while I have a significant part to play in those assessments, let me stress that, in terms of security and intelligence and the level of the threat that will be reviewed and judged on an on-going basis by JTAC, rightly and independently. In terms of the resources that the police in Scotland deploy, those judgments and assessments will be made on an on-going basis by the police, led by the chief constable, because that is independent operational responsibility. I, through the Scottish Government resilience arrangements, will make sure that we are providing the strategic oversight of all that, making sure that we are understanding those judgments, giving support to the outcomes of those judgments and providing the vitally important accountability to Parliament and to the public. Those judgments and assessments will be made by all those different players in that on an on-going basis. I undertake, as I did in my statement, to keep Parliament updated and advised of any changes to that, as often as Parliament considers it appropriate. Christian McKelvie called on word of Fraser. Thank you, Presiding Officer. Given that we have the freedom to live in a country that has policing by consent, does the First Minister agree with me that, in times such as these, it is crucial that we embrace and uphold the values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law? Absolutely. That is fundamental and, at the heart of all that, we know—we discussed it yesterday and discussed it in the past—that its purpose is to undermine democracy and the rule of law and the values and freedoms that we all hold so dear. It is vitally important that we do not allow them to do so. That question has particular relevance right now, as we are in the middle of a general election campaign, where all of us, as politicians, will also want to strike the right balance between respect for those who are affected by the atrocity, but also making sure that we do not allow the ultimate expression of democracy and election to be undermined. We will all be mindful of how we strike that right balance in terms of getting back to the business of the election campaign as quickly but also as decently as possible. We talked about that in the aftermath of the Westminster attack. There are so many things in this chamber and elsewhere that we disagree on, and that is absolutely legitimate. However, I think that we can all come together and unite around the core fundamental values and be absolutely resolute in our determination that they will not be undermined. The First Minister mentioned in her statement the planned visits of President Obama to Scotland later this week. Can the First Minister tell us if discussions have taken place directly with President Obama's team about this, and if we are expecting this to go ahead as planned? First, Police Scotland is carrying out a review of all of the major events, and that will include the one involving President Obama. Obviously, there will be security additional to that, provided by Police Scotland for a visit of this nature involving somebody in his position. Those discussions are undoubtedly on-going, and I do not think that it would be appropriate to get into any more detail of them. I am not anticipating anything other than that event that will go ahead, but I want to be very clear that the police are undertaking a process here of reviewing all of those events that will lead to them making decisions. The aim of not just this visit but all of those events is to allow them to go ahead. I am not talking here about the President Obama visit, but, in all of those visits, it cannot be guaranteed that none will be cancelled over the next couple of weeks. The aim is to make sure that arrangements are put in place that allow those events to go ahead and allow them to go ahead safely. I fully expect that to be the case with the visit of President Obama on Friday. Ivan McKee, to be followed by Claire Baker. Thank you. I tax like that in Manchester, sadly, and all two common occurrence in many countries around the world. Can I ask the First Minister what on-going discussions have been held with the Governments of other countries regarding the security threats that all nations face? There are obviously on-going discussions, principally with the intelligence and security services of other countries, to share intelligence and to make sure that, as much mutual protection is given from that sharing of information, the Scottish Government is kept updated in terms of intelligence or security threats through principally the national security adviser. We have discussions on a whole range of matters with other Governments on an on-going basis, but that principle of intelligence sharing is one that I know very much at the heart of the approach that is taken to intelligence and security in the UK. Claire Baker, to be followed by Claire Hockey. Can the First Minister expand on what on-going discussions there are with the UK Government about the use of operation tempera? While the First Minister stresses that there is no specific threat to Scotland, many people will be looking to travel across the UK this holiday weekend. What advice and reassurances can be given to them? The First Minister. In terms of operation tempera, it is an established process dealing with military support for the police after terrorist attacks. It is a decision of the UK Government to invoke operation tempera. As I explained earlier on, it has two phases and the first phase of it was invoked and authorised last night. It is not inevitable that when the threat level goes up that operation tempera is invoked, but that did happen last night. The duration of that will be very much a matter for the UK Government, but it will be driven very much by the progress of the investigation. I stress again, I am repeating what I said earlier on, but the reason for the increase in the threat level is a concern that this individual is not acting alone, that there may be others out there and that there may be other attacks that are imminent. Clearly, as the investigation, as we hope it does, progresses and arrests and brings to justice anybody who may be involved in that, that risk hopefully will lessen, but those are judgments for the security services to inform and for the UK Government to take. In terms of the public overall, I think that obviously I am making very clear as I did yesterday that we have no intelligence of a specific threat in Scotland. That is the case as of now. It stands to reason that that may change in future, but that is the case right now. The measures that I am talking about here are vitally important, but they are precautionary. In many respects, across the UK, much of what is being done just now is precautionary because of that concern that I spoke about. It is not for me to give those messages for other parts of the UK, but I think that I can say with some confidence that the message that I am giving in Scotland would be the one that is given by Governments in other parts of the UK. Be vigilant but do not be alarmed. Those are precautionary measures as a response to the circumstances in Manchester and the progress of the investigation so far. They are there to keep people safe and people therefore should not be alarmed but we continue to be vigilant. Claire Hawkead will be followed by Jackson Carlaw. To ask the First Minister what resources are available to those in Scotland who have been affected by the attack in Manchester. I touch on some of that in my statement. We have on the ground in Manchester Police Scotland family liaison officers who are providing specific support to the families of the two girls from Barra, and that support will continue for as long as is necessary. In addition to that, for people returning home, I outlined yesterday some of the work that Police Scotland were doing in partnership with the British Transport Police to identify any possible witnesses coming back to Scotland who may have information that is important to the investigation. There will also be among those people or separately people who have come back who perhaps did not witness anything but nevertheless will be experiencing and upset or trauma because of what they have been through. We are working with the health service to make sure that the appropriate advice and information is available for people in those circumstances. There is also—I have said this again today as well as yesterday—I am particularly mindful of the impact on children, not just children who are at the concert but children who are watching these scenes on their television who will feel unsettled and scared. Therefore, we have worked with Education Scotland and councils, as well as Young Scot, to make sure that there is information available to help with conversations with young people. For those who have not seen the information that Young Scot distributed yesterday, I recommend having a look at it because it is very good. Anybody who might be a parent or speaking to a teacher or anybody who has interaction with young people would find it very useful to try to help that. There is a whole range of support in place. Again, like all aspects of this, we will keep this under review to make sure that anybody who has been affected and who needs support is able to access that support in an appropriate way. Presiding Officer, this outrage has taken place during a general election campaign, and at some point the parties will decide that it is appropriate to recommence campaigning. However, there may be many small community organisations who will have been planning to hold public hustings meetings and will hear what the First Minister has said about public gathering. Some of those will attract very considerable numbers of people and will wonder what their responsibility should be in those circumstances. I wonder what advice and assurance the First Minister would give. A very relevant question given the time that we are in just now. My general advice would be to go ahead as planned, but I would supplement that by saying that anybody who is organising any local event, not just the local hustings, has any concerns or who just wants some advice and assurance to contact their local police commander and get that advice locally. I know that the police will be very happy to provide that advice locally. It goes to the heart of what I have tried to say throughout this. We want people to carry on as normal. We do not want life to grind to a halt or to become abnormal here, but people just have to take sensible precautions. Carry on as normal if you have any concerns. The police are there to try to address those concerns for you. Thank you, members. That concludes our statement on security. We will now move on to the next item of business, which is portfolio questions. We will just take a few seconds for members to change seats.

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Setting Custom White Balance on Canon Vixia HF R800 With White Balance Card

Using a white balance card to manually set a custom white balance on the Canon Vixia HF R800 camcorder. By: Daniel Rosehill == Contact Information === For latest contact information: https://www.youtube.com/c/DanielRosehillVideo/about Social media and more: https://www.danielrosehill.com == Licensing / syndication / reproduction == Unless otherwise indicated, all videos I distribute through YouTube are licensed under the following Creative Commons license: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). For the full license, see: https://bit.ly/ncnd4bycc.

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Hi guys, welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rose here. I want to do a video today about setting a custom white balance on the Canon VIXIA HFR800 camcorder. Now there is an automatic white balance function, an AWB function, but you're also able to custom set a white balance. And the cool thing is that it will persist through a reset, in other words turning off the camcorder. Now reading from the official Canon instruction manual for the VIXIA HFR800, to set a custom white balance, point the camcorder at a white object so it fills the screen, touch set white balance. When the adjustment is completed, this symbol stops flashing and disappears. The camcorder will retain, this bit's very important, the camcorder will retain the custom white balance even if you turn it off. So once you're on that custom white balance, it's kind of dialed in until you set it again or you go back to auto, but even if you go from auto back to custom, you're going to be using the last custom white balance. So that's really, really important to know. Now you can use a white object. I don't think you have to be discriminatory. Some people will use a piece of paper. Some people will use a napkin, but I picked these things up from the internet. This is Ali Express Purchase here. I'm sure it's also available on eBay. It's a three-card white balance setting tool. You get yourself a white, you get a gray, and you get a black. I'm not sure exactly what gray and black is for. This is when I use the white. These things are really handy. This thing was about $1.78 or $1.50. I bought about five of these, and I just keep them in every camera bag. So I always have it ready. And it really does make a big difference in terms of getting the color in your footage looking correct. So that's how it's done according to the manual. And let's just take out the Vixia and actually go through the process. Okay, so I've just got my Vixia now up on a tripod of sorts. And turn it on, flip out the LCD screen, of course. Then click on the bottom right. There you'll get to the main navigation. And to get to white balance, you need to just zoom it, scroll down a little bit, and it's there on the bottom right. It's labeled WB for white balance. So click on that. Now, the first thing you're going to get to is going to be you've got automatic, which is AWB. Then you've got a daylight preset. Then you've got a tungsten preset. And then this guy is the custom white balance custom WB. I want you to click into custom WB. There's a little button there saying set white balance. So what you want to do now is get your white balance card at the ready. And I put it in front of the lens so that occupies a whole frame. I'm just trying not to get my fingers in there. So now I'm looking in the monitor and I can see that the frame is filled with the white balance card. And now there we go. Now we're going to do set white balance. And you can see the white balance is adjusting, adjusting, adjusting. And once it stopped flicking, it's filed in. And now if I move this throughout the room, it should be it should be dialed in pretty much correctly. Doing this on my desk here in front of my screen was kind of a weird place to demonstrate setting a white balance. But I have brought this guy out into the field into the field in summer. I'm recording as fits in a pocket. Take out this, go through the custom white balance. And I actually do that. I'm trying to do that now before every time I'm using this camcorder in a different, different lighting condition, whether that's going from inside to outside or outside to inside, especially if you're doing shooting for any period of time in a certain light environment, I really do find that it makes a big positive difference. Hope this video was useful. I should like to get more videos from me. Please subscribe to this YouTube channel.

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"45 Seconds on Leadership and Ethics" with Professor Brenda Connors

Week 112 -- Our leadership character. U.S. Naval War College's "45 Seconds on Leadership and Ethics" video series showcases messages from our College of Leadership and Ethics. https://usnwc.edu/college-of-leadership-and-ethics

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Our leadership character is a product of both the innate and learned. More intrinsic traits, such as our conscientiousness, are harder to change. Through active self-awareness, qualities such as curiosity and competitiveness can be more easily adapted. Accepting these individual differences in ourselves and how they impact those we lead provides a realistic mindset and by example for our teams in honoring our collective diversity. Reflect first on yourself and accept what you can change. Then deliberately practice awareness about what can be different. Inspire your team to experience the authentic you and your uniqueness. And if you transmit effectively, your team may model their differences as they adapt and interact with your leadership. Lead well this week.

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Maths XI NCERT 3 3 3 20

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Hi and welcome to the session. I am Asha and I am going to help you with the following question which says proof the following, sin x minus sin 3x upon sin square x minus cos square x is equal to 2 sin x. So let us start with the solution and we will solve the left hand side of this problem and show that it is equal to 2 sin x. So left hand side is sin x minus sin 3x upon sin square x minus cos square x. First let us learn some simple identities with say sin a minus sin b is equal to 2 cos a plus b upon 2 into sin a minus b upon 2 which is identity 20 of your book. The second identity is cos square x minus sin square x is equal to cos 2x and this is identity 14 of book. Now we are using these two identities. LHS can further be written as sin x minus sin 3x within the form of sin a minus sin b. So 2 cos a plus b a is x and b is 3x. So we have 4x upon 2 into sin a minus b. So a is x and b is 3x. So x minus 3x is minus 2x upon 2 and in the denominator we have sin square x minus cos square x which on a plan the second identity can be written as minus cos 2x which is further equal to 2 cos 2x into sin of minus x upon minus cos 2x. Now sin of minus x can be written as minus sin x so we have minus 2 cos 2x into sin x upon minus cos 2x minus minus cancels out cos 2x with cos 2x we are left with 2 sin x which is the right hand side of the given problem and hence we can say that sin x minus sin 3x upon sin square x minus cos square x is equal to 2 sin x hence proved. So this completes the solution hope you enjoyed it take care and have a good day.

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FOSDEM 2017: Integrating LibreOffice Online via WOPI

A presentation from the Open Document Editors devroom at FOSDEM 2017. Presenter: Jan Holesovsky

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I am here to present to you something about LibreOffice Online. I'm Jan Holczewski, I work for Collabora and it's awesome to have you all here. So, what is it LibreOffice Online? Maybe you have seen the announcement with the 5.3 that actually now we are like shipping LibreOffice Online. So, in the upstream version it's actually two things. One is that it's a source release so you can build your packages out of that. But also there's a Docker image that you can integrate into your web application and use it for your service that you probably are running or using or anything. So, this talk will be about how to do such an integration. So, first of all, LibreOffice Online looks like this. So, you can have some text here, some tables, some pictures, all the things that you would expect in the online suite. It is also possible for two people to actually connect together and work collaboratively in one document, which I think is something nice. Also, you can deploy it like behind your VPN. So, it is not necessary to have some outside service in some whatever other people's computers. You can have it all inside your business or school infrastructure or anything. So, how to do the integration? Sorry, I have two screens set up and does it show anything? No? Yeah. Okay. So, it is actually very easy to do the integration. So, you first install the LibreOffice Online and, well, do a bit of setup so that it works in your VM and you are able to see that you are connecting to that. Then, in your application that provides the data, you implement some relatively trivial REST API so that LibreOffice Online can actually download or upload the files. Then, you modify your web application so that you put the iframe that contains what the user actually sees into the look and feel of your application and then you profit. So, probably it was too fast for a talk. So, let's see what is actually the VOPI protocol. VOPI protocol is a specification that says how is it possible for an application to like talk to your data, get them or upload them. Actually, one of the implementations or the first implementation of this was Office 365 and we are using very similar protocol as then. So, I think to some extent like if there's somebody who actually uses Office 365 in their application, we are more or less dropping a replacement for that. So, LibreOffice Online is a VOPI client so it is something that can like create and try this data and be integrated. The documentation for this VOPI is quite extensive so like whatever you do not hear in my talk, you can see it in the documentation and in the specification. Here is a picture how it actually looks like. So, here is what the user sees. So, there's some kind of your web application. So, you know, some buttons and maybe sidebar or anything and then there's a place for the LibreOffice Online. So, you will implement it as an iframe and this iframe will communicate with the server part of LibreOffice Online which in the VOPI terms is called VOPI Client which provides the actual editing. So, it will provide the data for the iframe so that it looks like the document. You can see the selections there and all these things. On the other hand, for your web application you have to implement some part on the server as well which in the VOPI terms is called VOPI Host which provides the data. So, this is where you will have the endpoints and the authentication part and everything that actually deals with the data. And VOPI Client will be talking to this VOPI Host like independent from the web application and will download or upload the data as like you are saving or if there's how to save, how is auto-saving. There's a reference implementation which you can see on GitHub which like for the VOPI Host that part is implemented in PHP and JavaScript is used for the other parts like for the iframe itself. The rest endpoints are quite trivial. So, when you have a document that you need to download you will just, well, the URL needs to look like this. So, the VOPI Host URL so that's the server part you need to talk to. Then there can be anything random in between more slashes or anything but then like it has to be a VOPI and then again it can continue like with anything. You can just define that but then after that it has to be defined as files then ID of the file and content and access token. Access token is something that makes sure that the user actually has rights to access the data. So, it is something that is issued by your web application that controls the access. So, the like LibreOffice Online never asks for a password because like it is not its responsibility, it really just uploads and downloads data and it is the responsibility of your application that actually integrates like LibreOffice Online is inside that will like on one hand tell the VOPI client like this is the access token and then the VOPI client will talk to VOPI Host and like in that case we know that everything is authenticated and everything is fine and like the user has the rights to actually access the document. Uploading back is very similar to that like again some path contents, access token again important part of that. Check file info is one additional thing that you actually have to provide because like we are talking about the files as IDs. There's no way how to know for example the name of the actual file. So, like it will be very like transparent here. So, the check file info like when you ask for that again the file ID you will get the information how the file is big like what's its size and bytes, what is the name of the file, if it is read only some additional information you can work with in your application and online has to work with that information as well because like for example the UI has to look a bit different when the document is read only. The security token, so I've introduced that just a bit already. So, it is there just to like leave the authentication itself on somebody else and that is on your part of the application. So, the security token like from the implementation point of view can be just like very random thing. It can be like characters and numbers. From our point of view it is like not necessary to have any like strict form or be this big or this short anything. So, it just works. And well of course obviously the important part is that it has to be generated according to the user so that like two users do not have the same access token and also like you can provide some time to live for this token so you can make sure that you know after half an hour like the developer host has to provide just new access token so that the communication just continues. Discovery service is like the third thing that well one more thing that is here and that actually provides information about like where exactly the developer host is located. So, it says it serves some kind of XML that says OK, developer host has this URL and sits on this board so that it is possible for developer client to actually like know where it is and see what is going on in there. On the JavaScript side of things it is necessary to create the iframe that contains the LibreOffice Online. Here is where you will actually provide the access token to LibreOffice Online via a post method so that it can remember that and then it can talk to the developer host itself. So, we are nearly finished so how to actually implement it when you get to that because I fear that I've used lots of terms here that maybe were like not easy to consume in a short time so basically when you are implementing this you should do it in small steps first as well. So, first of all, you do not want to connect to some storage. You just want to like return some random, well not the random, you just want to return some message, hello world or anything by your VOPI host without connecting to authentication, without connecting to your real data. So, you will skip the hard parts first and you just make sure that like when you open your web application with the iframe that contains the LibreOffice Online will see, the LibreOffice Online actually comes up and you will see the message hello world there. So, these are the first three steps. So, that's the end point, they just answer hello world, then very small check file info that just says, hello world.txt is the file name and it has 11 bytes as the length of the message and that's done and then you will implement just very small iframe that posts the query for this file. And then when you have it, you can actually extend it and build on that. So, instead of returning just random hello world, you will actually use some real data, some real ODS file or DT and then also you will of course build in the like sending and receiving the access token so that you really are able to do it safely and make sure that only the user who has the access rights gets the document. So, that's it. Any questions? Flabbergasted. Sorry? Flabbergasted. Okay. So, yes. Why do you need two machines? Two machines. You said that the clover online should be in a separate machine for your own cloud. Well, it doesn't have to be. It is just recommended because the deliverer for online can like to take quite a lot of resources because it does the rendering of the tiles and these things. So, it is better that you have it on separate VM or anything so that like in case something goes wrong, it should disrupt the service of providing the files of other means. So, it's recommended but it doesn't have to be on separate machine because it sits on different ports than normal like HTTP. So, it's possible to be on one machine. It's just like convenient to have it on different ones. It's recommended to write on a separate domain because you can run Java speeds from loaded office documents in the file sharing context. Yes. Okay. If it's on different machine, is there any specification about the speed of the network that you have a good low latency about the tile rendering? Not really because for these two machines, they just exchange files between themselves. So, it is usual that for them it is local network. So, it is fast. But even if it is not fast, it will be that the download and upload of the files is slower but it doesn't affect the editing speed or anything. The editing itself like depends on the speed of the machine that it renders the tiles like quickly enough and of course on the speed of the connection between you as the client or somebody who actually as the user and the machine that serves the LibreOffice Online. Yes, Kor. Okay. Okay. Are you aware of any open source, Ruby server implementation besides this specific plugin for oncloud? Is there anything out there already in the open source or some Ruby server implementation? Yes. So, oncloud, nextcloud, have them. Pidio, then Colab. C file. So, at least file for them. Really something small dedicated just giving this Ruby interface to local server because oncloud, they are really big, serious institutions. So, nothing really just implementing Ruby interface. Well, not really because it is just the rest endpoints that have to be specific to the solution that actually serves the files. So, like, I actually do not see how it could be done specific. Like, we could do it as like having some example code like how it should look like in PHP, how it should look like in Python, in what not. But I... We don't have a customer that wants that yet. Yeah. Yeah, well, yeah, it could be from, yeah, from some software system, but... I just wanted to try it out and I was spoiling at this point because I just wanted to test the editor and then I found myself installing oncloud and all these big things and I just wanted to throw in the document and test the editor. Yes, so if you... Yeah, if you want to... Yeah, if it is just for testing, you can enable editing your local files on the machine where it runs. Like, of course, like for some public use, it is unsafe because you would be able to see the content of the ETC password or whatever. But like for testing, you just enable it in the ETC.owwst.slashowwst.xml. And, like, there's a setting, enable file access false, you change it to true. And you can immediately, like, put any file name there and for testing, I think it's enough. Yes, it's described in the main read of the online source code, so if you issue the make-round command... Mm-hmm. So is the next one presenting now? Okay, thank you so much. Thank you.

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MQ-9 Reaper mission during Northern Strike 21

MQ-9 Reaper mission during Northern Strike 21 ALPENA COMBAT READINESS TRAINING CENTER, MI, UNITED STATES 08.11.2021 The 214th Attack Group, Launch and Recovery Section, from Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona, was one of many units that participated in Northern Strike (NS) 21 to support the MQ-9 Reaper training mission at Alpena Combat Readiness Training Center, Michigan, from July 31 to Aug. 14, 2021. NS is a National Guard Bureau-sponsored exercise that is a tailored readiness producer that has brought together 5,100 participants from various states and countries at the National All-Domain Warfighting Center. The event is an opportunity to build interoperability with other units and multinational partners while training in realistic multi-domain environments. (U.S. Air National Guard video by Staff Sgt. Valentina Viglianco) Film Credits: Video by Staff Sgt. Valentina Viglianco 110th Wing Michigan Air National Guard Alpena Combat Readiness Training Center National All-Domain Warfighting Center Northern Strike 21 Staff Sgt. Valentina Viglianco MQ-9 Reaper Mission -------------------------------------------------- The appearance of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) visual information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement. Video created under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ ---------------------------------------------------- YouTube https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKBNaxsFV4hpGVc8QOUmsFg https://www.youtube.com/c/DefenseFlashNewsToday Facebook https://www.facebook.com/MilitaryTrendingNews/ Instagram https://www.instagram.com/defenseflashnews Twitter https://twitter.com/defenseflashnew Pinterest https://www.pinterest.com/DefenseFlashNewsToday/ LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/defense-flash-news-6236a01b3/detail/recent-activity/ Thanks for watching & Subscribe. COPYRIGHT: Copyright disclaimer under section 107 of the copyright act 1976, allowance is made for 'fair use' for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statue that might otherwise be infriging. Nonprofit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.

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So the mission of the MQ-9 is to provide persistent strike and reconnaissance capability to Grand Force commanders. For the Air Force specifically, MQ-9s allow a much smaller deployed footprint that can deploy a small crew of launch and recovery personnel such as myself and the maintainers. And it's a huge team effort. It starts with both aircrew and the ground control station maintainers. We work together to prepare that half of the system. At the same time we have crew chiefs and munitions and avionics technicians who all prepare the aircraft. And then as a group effort we launch that and hand it off to mission control elements that are scattered throughout the country. Northern Strike provides my unit the opportunity to prove out our ability to operate out of an unprepared environment to pack up and launch our aircraft safely and provide both the state and federal government the capability to launch the MQ-9 where and when it's needed most. For Northern Strike this year we're proving out the concept with the ground based sense and avoid radar. What that allows us to do is climb up in some general airspace without a chase plane. This sense and avoid system allows us to see other aircraft all the way down including birds and detect and avoid them so it keeps us and everyone else safe. I just want to thank all the planners at NGB as well as the Alpina CRTC for giving us the opportunity to participate in this exercise. Especially our maintainers who have been working incredibly hard to allow us to execute multiple sorties a day and the California and North Dakota and Arizona National Guard for providing the manpower that really made this exercise possible.

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PRINCESS POLLY summer try-on haul

Shop the looks at https://us.princesspolly.com/ and use my code MICHAELAXO for 20% off site wide Size 0 https://us.princesspolly.com/products/violetta-top-yellow?variant=32503779524692 Size 0 https://us.princesspolly.com/products/pandora-top-beige Size 0 https://us.princesspolly.com/products/tilly-top?variant=28237495402580 Size 0 https://us.princesspolly.com/products/koko-bustier-lemon?variant=29001299230804 Size 2 https://us.princesspolly.com/products/maggie-denim-shorts?variant=32919887970388 Size 0 https://us.princesspolly.com/products/jessa-mini-dress-sage?variant=30125364707412 Size 0 https://us.princesspolly.com/products/maliha-mini-dress-blue?variant=32522834608212 Size 0 https://us.princesspolly.com/products/old-school-love-crop-top-blue?variant=31958557425748 Size 0 https://us.princesspolly.com/products/cheri-mini-dress-green?variant=31958665920596 Free Standard Shipping (4-8 days) to Canadian orders over $50 USD ($70 CAD) Duties and Taxes payable at checkout. No surprises at your door! Princess Polly also offers AfterPay to all CAN customers SOCIAL MEDIA: Instagram: michaelabento Snapchat: michaelabento Vsco: michaelabento Tiktok: michaelabento SHOP MY CLOTHES: https://depop.com/michaelabento BUISNESS INQUIRIES: [email protected] FAQ: how old am I? 2000's babyyyy What camera do I use? Canon m50 What editing software do I use? Final cut pro Where am I from? Vancouver BC Sub count:

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Hello you guys, welcome to another video. I'm gonna be doing a Princess Polly haul. So thank you so much to Princess Polly for sponsoring this video. I do have a coupon code for you guys that you can get 20% off with and it is MikaelaXO. I'll have like everything linked in the description so don't worry. So Princess Polly ships from within the United States and they do free standard shipping to Canada for orders over 50 US dollars which is like, I think 70 Canadian. And duties are all payable at checkout so no surprises are gonna arrive at your door because I literally hate when you order something from a company and then the delivery people show up at your door and they're like, oh, you owe $80 and you're like, wait, what, when did I agree to this? So everything is payable at checkout and like it's all gonna be calculated there. They also have really easy returns. You can return within 30 days. Princess Polly also offers after-paid to all Canadian customers. Not a lot of companies do this to Canada and being a Canadian, I feel like we miss out on a lot. So this is a great advantage. And yeah, so let's just get into the haul because I'm so excited. I literally have the cutest summer shit. Summer clothes are literally my favorite. I'm so sad that we're gonna have to go back to winter clothing soon. Okay, so the first item that I got is this green dress and you guys, the material of this is just so soft. I love dresses. They're just so easy. You can just throw them on like going to a cute dinner, going to a picnic, oh my God, a picnic. I need to do a picnic. In cute dresses with your friends and having like a little girl's day out, going to a cute field, taking some pictures in a cute dress that is such a summer vibe. And this dress is literally perfect for that or even like a night out on the town or something, like going downtown. This is also great for that too. And I feel like you can also dress this up or down. You can wear this with heels or sneakers. Obviously wearing it with heels isn't gonna make it more fancy, but this is totally a dress that you can dress up or down. And even with some sort of sandal, this would look so freaking cute. The neckline is just beautiful. I really like the cups here. And it's just like so elegant and dainty and I love this color green. Like it is just the perfect shade of green that just reminds me of summer. It's kind of like, honestly, this whole color palette that I got is just so cute and so summery, kind of like pastel-y summer clothing, you know what I mean? So yeah, this is literally adorable. And also the back, the little crisscross here in the back is so cute because I hate when dresses, they're cute from the front, but then once you turn around them into the back, they'll have like a weird backing and that'll just ruin a dress for me. So when a dress has like a cute back moment, that is such a big factor in me buying a dress. Like if a dress has a cute back moment, I'm purchasing it, like I'm getting it. It just, I feel like adds so much to the dress. So yeah, that's the first thing that I got. Okay, so the second thing that I got is this yellow cuteness of a top. I can't even describe how cute this is. When you see those girls on Instagram that always dress cute and they just always have the cutest tank tops, this is what they wear. Cute back moment, you guys, cute back moment. When you wear this top and you want, if you want to take a picture in it, you have to take a picture in it from the back because this is the cutest open back thing I've ever seen in my life. When tank tops have a cute backing, as I was just saying with dresses, it's honestly a deal breaker for me. And the color, this is like my favorite shade of yellow. I use a lot of yellow writing and stuff in my videos as you guys obviously can tell. Yellow is my thing. I'm obsessed with this top because of like how it has like these sleeves and it's very light. So obviously you're not gonna get hot. It's like such light sleeves. And I love how it's so cropped, but it's a long sleeve cropped. Like you don't see that often, I feel like. And that just makes it so cute because it also covers a lot, but it's still pretty short, but it covers a lot. Like it looks like a full top rather than you wearing like a bra or something because of the sleeves. And then once you turn to the back, everyone's jaws are gonna be dropped. But yeah, this is just so freaking cute with a pair of shorts, even a skirt or even jeans. Like this would literally go with anything for the summer. So next thing that I got is another dress. And you guys, when I say I'm obsessed, I am obsessed. I'm not even joking you this color. This reminds me of like Cinderella. Like when I have this on, I literally feel like Cinderella because of the silkiness, the color of it. And this is also a dress that could be dressed up or dressed down. Like this would be so cute with some sandals or even sneakers or even heels. Like I love dresses that you can dress up and dress down because they're just good for literally any occasion. I also really, really love the neckline. I wish you guys can feel this, but it is the silkiest thing ever. Like it feels so smooth. The straps are also adjustable on this. And I'm obsessed with this color baby blue. I don't have really anything. I don't think I have anything in this color. So that's why I kind of picked it out because I was like, whoa, I've never seen something so cute in this baby blue color. So I have to get it because I feel like shopping for dresses in store is so hard. I don't think I've ever been dress shopping in a store and actually liked my option. But whenever I'm looking for a dress, I never can find a cute one in stores. Like I always have to revert to shopping online. And Princess Polly has literally the cutest dresses. Look no further. So the next tank top that I got is the one that I'm currently wearing. This is like so cute. And I feel like I haven't really seen anything exactly like this. The pattern on it is just beautiful. The floral pattern is beautiful. And this lace outline, I'm in love with this shirt. And just the material of it is really good. And it kind of like ruffles and cinches here, which is so adorable. So I wore this the other night for the little night out on the town. And I was getting so many compliments on it. I just wore it with a cute pair of jeans. But this can also be worn with like jean shorts. This can be perfect during the day or night. I feel like it just depends how you like, what you dress it with. But yeah, I'm just obsessed with like little tank tops like this where you can just throw on with any plain sort of pant. And it just like gives you off of that pizzazz because I was just wearing plain black jeans when I wore it out the other night. And if I were just to wear like a plain top, that's a little like bleh, you know what I mean? When you're wearing plain jeans, you need like a good moment on the top. So the next thing that I got is this green dress. Now this is a completely different shade of green than that one as you can see. This is like more of a brighter, I guess, type of green. The straps are adjustable and I find it so cute in the back here. Like these buttons that button it up like this are so cute. And I've been wanting to dress this style for so long. It's just kind of like those nonchalant casual kind of dresses that could be worn with sneakers and you can totally pull it off and just rock it. But yeah, I've literally been looking for a dress like this in stores for the longest time and Princess Polly just got my back. They really do have the dresses. It also has like the little slate here, which is just so cute because it gives you that little open slice of your thigh. You know what I'm saying? The color is so summery and I feel like it really complements like my tan skin now that I've been in the sun a little bit. Okay, so the next top that I got is this just plain white one. And I feel like everybody needs a plain white tank top. This is for like a cute skirt or cute pant moment where you have something fancy, schmancy, possessible going on in the bottom half. You just need like a cute basic tank top that you can kind of just wear with anything. The ruches here are just so freaking cute. But yeah, this can just be thrown over literally anything. That's like the magic of a basic ass tank top is that you can literally wear it with anything and it'll go and match and still a cute. Okay, so the next thing that I got are these pair of jean shorts. And you guys, I've already worn these literally. Like I think I've worn these every single day since the package arrived because I'm obsessed. I feel like in stores, okay, me and my friends were looking for the perfect length, the perfect wash of jean shorts. We were searching, like we went to the mall specifically for that and we didn't find anything. Every single pair of jean shorts had something to it that we didn't like or didn't fit properly. The wash was off. Something was just off, like the length was off. And now the style of shorts is kind of like those longer style. Like shorter shorts are really not in trend right now. When I tell you I'm obsessed, I'm obsessed with these shorts. The length is perfect. The style is perfect. The little rip here is just so cute. The wash is perfect. The fit is perfect. Literally everything about these shorts is perfect. So if you guys are like searching for those trendy perfect length shorts, look no further. I'm not even joking you. These are literally a lifesaver and they're so comfortable. I'm literally so impressed with these. Like I wasted all that time searching through the mall when I could have just been looking on my computer on Princess Polly. Okay, so the last thing that I got is this. This is like different kind of out of my comfort zone. Maybe is that the right word? I don't know. But this caught my eye because of the color. I'm obsessed with yellow. I don't really find much yellow. I feel like when I go to the mall or something and I go shopping, I can never find like a cute ass yellow, just cute tank top. This is like very different for me, but it's just so cute. Because this is more of like a fancy dressy or up top that I can wear with like jean shorts or a pair of jeans. And I just think that this would look so cute. And it reminds me of Belle, like the Princess Belle. This is like, when I have this on, I literally feel like a Disney princess. I don't know what it is about it, but I just do. And it also gives me like a corset vibe because it has like the lining here. So I don't know, it's just so freaking cute. And I can't wait to style this and wear this because it is a little different than like my other regular tank top. So that's why I also wanted to get this because it's like something different. Yeah, I feel like this would look really cute for like a fancier dinner or something where I need to dress up a little bit. I feel like this would be like the perfect top. And the back is also stretchy. So it doesn't have a zipper, but it's stretches so that it can like fit on you properly. And yeah, that was my full haul. Thank you guys so much for watching. And again, thank you so much to Princess Polly for sponsoring this video. Don't forget to shop the links in the description with like all the clothing I'll have my sizes and the coupon code and everything you need to know. And yeah, so if you guys want to be matchy with me or just forget anything you want really. Again, my coupon code is MichaelaXO for 20% off. So yeah, go treat yourself, get some summer cute ass clothing because you deserve it. Do not tell yourself that you don't deserve anything because if you want something, go and get it. What are you waiting for? Treat yourself. I love you guys so much. Thank you for watching and I'll see you guys in my next video. Peace out.

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Ropar Accident | 10 ਦਿਨ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਵਿਆਹੇ ਨੌਜਵਾਨ ਦੀ ਸੜਕ ਹਾਦਸੇ 'ਚ ਮੌਤ, ਪਤਨੀ ਨੂੰ ਲੈਣ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਸੀ ਸਹੁਰੇ ਘਰ

Ropar Accident | 10 ਦਿਨ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਵਿਆਹੇ ਨੌਜਵਾਨ ਦੀ ਸੜਕ ਹਾਦਸੇ 'ਚ ਮੌਤ, ਪਤਨੀ ਨੂੰ ਲੈਣ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਸੀ ਸਹੁਰੇ ਘਰ #Roparnews #RoparAccident #CarAccident #news18punjab Find Latest News, Top Headline And breaking news Watch your favorite newspapers News18 Punjab Himachal Haryana websites. For All Live Coverage, Exclusive And Latest News Update, Watch The LIVE TV Of News18 Punjab/Haryana/Himachal, Catch The Latest News LIVE News 18 Punjab/Haryana/Himachal is an exclusive news channel on YouTube which streams news related to Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Nation and the World. Along with the news, the channel also has debates on contemporary topics and shows on special series which are interesting and informative. News18 ਪੰਜਾਬ/हरियाणा/हिमाचल एक क्षेत्रीय न्यूज़ चैनल है जिसपर ਪੰਜਾਬ, हरियाणा, हिमाचल, देश एवं विदेश की खबरें प्रकाशित की जाती हैं | समाचारों क साथ-साथ इस चैनल पर समकालीन विषयों पर वाद-विवाद एवं विशेष सीरीज भी प्रकाशित होती हैं जो की काफी रोचक एवं सूचनापूर्ण हैं | Subscribe to our channel: http://bit.ly/1IMIp73 For Latest news and updates, log on to: https://bit.ly/2Cx91Ok Follow Us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/News18Haryana https://twitter.com/News18Himachal https://twitter.com/News18Punjab Like Us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/News18Haryana/ https://www.facebook.com/News18Himachal/ https://www.facebook.com/News18Punjab

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Funko POP! Space Ghost

This Video is NOT made for kids, This video is for adult collectors Funko POP! Animation #122 Space Ghost Vinyl Figure SPACE GHOST Funko Pop review SPACE GHOST FUNKO POP ANIMATION UNBOXING AND REVIEW Space Ghost is a fictional character created by Hanna-Barbera Productions and designed by Alex Toth for CBS in the 1960s. Full name Thaddeus "Tad" Ghostal (in Space Ghost Coast to Coast) Thaddeus Bach (in the DC Comics) Created by Alex Toth, William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. Comicgeddon hosted by Shannon Cornthwaite and John Wise Daily and weekly uploads. Where all geek culture collides! comic books, tv shows, cw arrowverse, star trek, star wars, movie reviews, toy reviews, video games, board games, comic books for beginners, and youtube challenge videos. Funko Pop Vinyl Figures Funko is a purveyor of pop culture and licensed-focused collectibles company located in Everett, WA. Funko currently holds hundreds of licenses and the rights to create tens of thousands of characters - one of the largest portfolios in the pop culture and collectibles industry. Funko’s Pop! Vinyl is the number one stylized vinyl collectible on the market, selling millions of figures to collectors around the world. Funko was founded as a bobblehead company in 1998 by Mike Becker. In 2005, Becker sold Funko to its current CEO, Brian Mariotti, who set his sights toward rapid growth in the licensed gift and collectibles world. Since then, the company has expanded rapidly in both product lines and distribution, with new forays into licensed subscription boxes, apparel, housewares, accessories and more. Funko currently sells consumer products, toys and collectibles in thousands of stores serving customers worldwide. ------------------------------------------------------------ Check out more Funko Products @ https://funko.com/collections/pop Tweet them @OriginalFunko ----------------------------------------------------------- You can check out more funko pop reviews on our playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLNlNEmT_6bperaI83UHcUBTzc4Gk15Di4 ----------------------------------------------------------- We schedule new vinyl figure unboxing and reviews for publishing every Tuesday at 5am Central Standard Time "Like" us on Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/comicgeddon/ Follow Shannon on Twitter @scornthwaite83 Follow John on Twitter @GeekingOutComic ‏ Follow Billy on Twitter @billybenavides

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Hey guys, welcome back to come again TVs pop reviews today. We're gonna be taking a look at pop innovations Space ghost number one twenty two space ghost final figure. Stay tuned All right guys welcome back Like I said, this is come again TVs pop reviews pop innovation Space ghost one twenty two space ghost vinyl figure I say space ghost twice because space ghost was the name of the show and Space ghost is the name of the figure so We have space ghost on the front here DC has started revamping some of the Characters from Hannah Barbera and what not here lately in the 60s and 70s and 80s space ghost was an actual superhero Then in the 90s and early 2000s He became a late-night talk show host on Cartoon Networks adult swim And now DC is restoring him back to his once super hero greatness So on the side here, you got space ghost peeking up got pop animation space ghost on The back you have number one twenty two his space ghost one twenty three is Zorak number one twenty four is Brack Collect the entire line of Funko Pop Hannah Barbera super stylized vinyl figures WWW Funko calm on the bottom there and On the top there Then on the side you got Space ghosts there. Let's take this guy. Let's open this guy up and take a look inside All right, so this guy has been on my Amazon wishlist for a while now Right up there with the three different phantoms. You got the gray phantom You got the purple phantom and you got the violet phantom But today we're gonna be talking about space ghost the family and I went to Walmart the other day and right next door Was GameStop I wanted to go in there and browse around see what kind of exclusives they had I Was not disappointed as soon as I walked through the door Originally my intention was just to browse but I saw space ghost right off the bat had to have him so With that being said Since I was getting a Funko Pop and with Easter being tomorrow Sunday But with Easter being just a few days away I decided to let the kids each pick out their own Funko Pops as well My son Duke picked out the morphing exclusive blue ranger My daughter Allie picked up bubbles from the Powerpuff girls and my daughter Marissa picked up a Metals die cast Spider-Man, so let's take a look at this guy And see he's got the black mask. He's got the Narrowed eyes white with black eyelids got the nose no mouth got the Space ghost symbol here yellow cape white paint job red bracelets and I've looked before on YouTube and a lot of people have complained about the paint job on the belt. There's a Very sloppy with most space ghost figures the red bleeds off quite a bit with mine It's just a tiny bit of bleeding. So that is very nice The bracelets the yellow buttons no bleeding there No bleeding there Got the yellow cape Very nice figure. I've been a fan of space ghost Since I was very little very cool design. I even drew a picture of space go a comic book style space ghost A few years ago for a one-time friend of mine That he put as his profile picture I'm gonna show that to you guys right here So that's enough of me showcasing my artwork Let's keep talking about space ghost space ghost was created by Hannah Barbara Productions in the 60s and he has been one of the longest lasting characters from Hannah Barbara For many many decades Like I said before he was a superhero from the 60s up until the 80s Then he became a talk a late-night talk show host in the 90s and early 2000s and now DC Comics is bringing him back as an actual superhero You know, I've read all this stuff about space ghost to prepare for this episode But I forgot it. I Know his he was a space cop his family was killed and He went he's from the ghost planet, which is earth and I Wiped out earth or whatever He received these gauntlets and this costume and decided rather than using these newfound powers for vengeance He'd use it to continue to fight crime in outer space He does have a wide variety of superpowers. He can turn invisible. He can turn Translucent or yeah translucent or he can phase which means is Objects can pass through my belief. He can shoot energy blasts out of his bracers He can fly he can breathe in outer space So much and he has three sidekicks. He's got Zane and Jara and then the monkey I forget the name Forgive me if I get those names wrong It's been a while since I've watched space ghost, but I'm still a huge fan. I just I love this figure I've wanted him for so long. I Just can't get over it. I just such a cool figure I may have to look for the actual action figure on Amazon Just so I can add him to my collection. He's just such a cool design I'm glad DC has brought him back and made him a superhero again There you have it guys Come again TVs pop review pop innovation space ghost number one twenty-two Space ghost vinyl figure take care guys and we'll see you next time

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Toffees Welcome Back Trio | Everton News Daily

Toffees Welcome Back Trio | Everton News Daily Use your ToffeePicks log in to unlock your FREE 10 card pack and start building your UFsquad now at http://ultimatefan.app.link/Toffee-YT 18+ T&C’s Apply. Please Play Responsibly 🎬 Watch our most recent videos: https://www.youtube.com/ToffeeTVEFC GET EXCLUSIVE VIDEOS: https://www.patreon.com/ToffeeTVEFC CHECK OUT OUR TOFFEE TV STORE : https://toffeetvefc.com/shop SUBSCRIBE TO THE FOOTY SHOW CHANNEL: http://youtube.com/thefootyshowisboss EVERTON DIRECT LINK : everton-online-store.pxf.io/kydqn Help Others To Enjoy The Video By Translating It Here : https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_vid... You Can Find us HERE: YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/toffeetvefc Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-toffee-tv-podcast/id1476626321 Website: https://ToffeeTVEFC.com ----- SOCIAL ----- Twitter: https://twitter.com/ToffeeTVEFC Instagram: https://instagram.com/toffeetvefc/ Facebook: https://facebook.com/ToffeeTVEFC #EVERTON #PREMIERLEAGUE Presenters: Peter McPartland & Barry Cass Video Editing: Mathew Lamb

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Felly, mae'n gofio'r TV, mae'n gweithio ydw i'n gyffredinol. Rathodd Benitez wedi cael y ddweud y Llyfradodd, Alex O'w Oby a'r Cymru, yn gynghwyl i'r gweithio gyda'r ddweud o'r ddweud yma i'r ddweud o'r ddweud ar y cwrsiaeth yng Nghymru, yng Nghymru yn Gwllysan Park. Yn gynghwyl i'r ddweud o'r ddweud, a gynnyddio eich cyflawn o'r ffordd o'r ddeudio yma i ymryd i'w Francaf, a'r Alakazawobi, ac yn ddweud y ddweud yma i'w ddweud i'w Manchestau i'w ddweud yma. Felly, mae'n gwybod i'n gwybod i Benitez i'n gweithio'r dweud i fynd i'r ddweud. Rwy'n gweithio'n ddweud i'n gweithio'n ddweud i'n gweithio'n ddweud, ond mae'n gobeithio'n cael cael pawb cael cael cael cael cael gweld yn cael eu cofnod i'r gynhyrch, dwi'n cael ei wneud o'r problemau ar gyfer y hamlwstryn, gyda'r ddedg, yn ymgyrch i'r ddedg, i ddim yn gwybod. Ieg oed yn gweithio'n gwybod ti'n gwybod i'r three players bach. Benitell wedi bod yn iawn yna, felly o'r ddominic Alvert Lewan o'r eich Lleolos yn cael ei wneud am gyd-dyn. Dwi'n cael bod yn cael ei ddedg, but you can never full rule one of them out being on the bench on Sunday. But hopefully, he did say they're improving, they're getting better. And hopefully they will be back before too long. It is a tough game obviously on Sunday but you know we've got to think about the rest of the season as well so hopefully won't be too much longer before we see them back in the team and playing well. Abertaf, Abertaf, dwi'n ddweud i ysgol yn y cyfnod i ysgol yng Ngwylltoedd. Felly gallwn y peth wedi'u cefnod ar y cyfnod, a fyddwn i'n cyfnod ar y cyfnod ar gyfer Mhiliadau Carlham yn y system yng nghymru. Felly y gwn, mae'n fawr i'r cyfnod, ac mae'n gwybod i'n gwybod i'r cyfnod. Mi'r ffielwyr yn byw'n gael 5 o 6 gנwys i'r enw gyda'r fawr a oedd angen i gael y ddeud ar dishesau ei heb iawn i'r ffordd gyda'r erbydd, mae yw gweld efo'r dyma'r gyffredinol i ymwyngi, nid yw i'n gweithio, wrth gael gweithio'n gweithio isol o golygu i'r cyfle o'r cael ystyried. ac yn rhoi'n cael ei fod yn gennym ffocwsol i gael ysgol y twpl, a'r gweithio mwy o bobl a wneud o'n ei bwysig ar hyn o'r ddweddod yw i wneud eu byddai'r ganlydd a'r ffans o'r maen nhw. Felly, mae'n gweithio gennod lleololio'r cydweithiol ffasil south i gyd, mae'n oed i'n gweithio jaith ei ysgol o ran gan hwn neu yn gweithio'n glirio a'r maen nhw i'n gweithio i'n gweithio ffasil i gael y gweithio. ac mae'n modd yn ychwanegol gwybod i'r golygu'r hanfant yn y gwaith o'r awdurdod am ddweud y cyflawn. Ond mae'n nhw'n gwybod i'r gwbl iawn yn Manches Dyn, a wnaeth hynny'n ymddangos ar hynny i gyd ac oedd unrhyw yw hynny bydd Andrew Starns yn ymddangos ar ei ddweud. Mae'n gwybod i'r cwmwysig, mae'n gwybod i'r cwmwysig. Mae'n gwybod i'r gwisio'r byd Cymru ar y cwmwysig oedd Echyddo, Ac mae'n mynd i'n cael ei dweud o'r gwaith o'r sonddau. Mae'n dweud tyno a'r gwaith, mae'n dweud o'r 10 o'n oed. A'r ddyn nhw'n oed, gennym yn oed yn yr Ucaid. Dwi'n ddweud o'r sonddau o'r gwaith o'r gwaith. Rwy'n meddwl, mae'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio. Ond mae hwnnw'n dweud o'r gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio. Mae'n oed yn gweithio'n gweld o'r problemau oherwydd, Felly, gynnyddion broses a gilydd i hynny, a roedden nhw'n gwybod y clywb sy'n gweithio. Felly mae'n gobl sy'n gwneud, ac mae'n mynd i ddim yn gwneud ar-mellodd ar-gweithio'i gobl. Felly fel y byddai hynny, mae'n gwneud arall wedi'i gwfan y dyfodol. Felly mae'n gobl gwirio'r blwydau a'u gwneud ar-gweithio, a'r gweithio'r gwneud am ychydig. Mae'r gwneud ar-gweithio'r gwneud, a'r Gobl Gweithio'n gwneud am yn ymddangos. Fylliant hyn beth yw'n gwybod, ond ac e bron ein cyflwyn o'r gwlad. Yn nesaf,えderfyn gyda gael mwyfyn Mumau Eiffard oleidau yw'r Gweithdeidde Chymru yn Llywodraeth Cymru. Eiffardland wedi gwellio'r gweithgau mor gwerthio Gwleith Cleol恐hau, ond eiffard Lleidde Chymru angen am y 500 o gweithgau ar y gweithbcydd. Eiffard Lleidde wedi gweithio wedi gwneud hi, wedi gwneud hynny, Leicester City in November after the international break, so Willie Cairch will be looking to get a positive result after that international break. It's been a tough start to the women's season for the Blues, but they're going to have to put a run together and get back on track. Don't forget to play your ultimate fan game this week, it was the international games last week. It is back to normal, domestic football this week. It is free to play. There are two subscription packages available as well, but it is free to play and you can win. This week, part of £5,000, the link is in the description below. Why not go and join and play the game? Now me and Perth have done our teams, we'll have those out on socials as well as in the maths preview, so check that out if you haven't already. Give this video a thumbs up, subscribe if you haven't, and if you want more videos including daily live videos and a ton more content, come over and join us on Patreon. See you later.