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Ukrainian fighters are transporting large number of captured Russian soldiers in an armored vehicle

#Kanal13​ #likekanal13​ #subscribekanal13 #warinukraine https://www.youtube.com/user/kanal13az?sub_confirmation=1 - SUBSCRIBE TO US! http://youtube.com/kanal13az/join - click here and support Kanal13 monthly for distributing more videos and independent journalism http://t.me/kanal13tv & https://bit.ly/37BVMqU https://www.youtube.com/user/kanal13az?sub_confirmation=1 https://bit.ly/2Rs6MB3 #lastminutenewsfromukraine #kanal13ukraine https://bit.ly/2V19Fdy Click here and just subscribe to Kanal13 - https://www.youtube.com/user/kanal13az?sub_confirmation=1 Kanalımıza bu linkə tıklamaqla dəstəyinizi göstərin: http://bit.ly/birmanat https://www.youtube.com/KANAL13AZ/join *ATTENTION: If you woul like to contact with US please, write to +49176 75077516 WhatsApp *DIQQƏT: Kanal13-də vətəndaş şikayətləri ilə bağlı yayılan videolar kanalın mövqeyini əks etdirmir, kanal bu ittihamların məzmununa görə məsuliyyət daşımır və hər hansı video materialda adı çəkilən və ya özünü qarşı tərəf kimi görən bütün hüquqi və fiziki şəxslərin mövqeyini də dərc etməyə hazırıq. Əlaqə üçün: +49176 75077516 WhatsApp **Diqqət! Diqqət! Sizdən hər hansı işlə bağlı Kanal13 adından pul istəyiblərsə təcili olaraq +49176 75077516 WhatsApp nömrəmizə yazaraq bildirin və polisə və prokurorluğa xəbər verin!!! Kanal13 olaraq Uca Millətimizə təmənnasız xidmət etməkdən qürur duyuruq!!! © Kanal13 TV istehsal etdiyi bütün video və audio məhsulları azad yayım hüququ altında yayır (free copyright and reuse allowed) və hər bir digər yayımçı Kanal13 tərəfindən istehsal edilmiş məhsulu məzmunu dəyişdirmədən, loqonu silmədən, Kanal13-ə istinad etməklə təkrar yaya bilər. Bu halda şirkətimizdən xüsusi icazə alınmasına ehtiyac yoxdur: Amma bir qeydə XÜSUSİ DİQQƏT YETİRİN: Kanal13-də yayımlanmış materialların digər YouTUbe kanallarında təkrar yayımına ancaq 48 SAATDAN SONRA İCAZƏ VERİLİR. Ümumiyyətlə isə, arzuediləndir ki, Kanal13-ə məxsus hər hansı video material youtube.com/kanal13az hesabına link verilməklə yayımlansın. Materialların qeyd edilən tələblər daxilində başqa youtube hesablarına, saytlara və ya sosial şəbəkələrə yüklənərək yayılması sərbəstdir. Qaydalar pozularsa şikayət edilə biləcəyinizi nəzərə alın! Xüsusi qeyd: Şərh bölməsində yazılan təhqir və söyüşlər silincək. Kanal13 olaraq hörmətli izləyicilərimizdən xahiş edirik ki, tənqid yazmağı təhqir yazmaqla qarışdırmasınlar və heç kimi aşağılayıcı ifadələrlə təhqir etməsinlər. ▌▌►Website: http://kanal13.tv/ http://www.facebook.com/tvkanal13 https://twitter.com/Kanal13Az https://www.instagram.com/kanal13.az Click & Subscribe to the main youtube Channel © KANAL13 [ Azərbaycanın ilk peşəkar internet televiziyası ] The First Internet TV of Azerbaijan Tags: Ukriane, Russia, Putin, Putler, Russian invasion of Ukraine, Zelenski, Kiev, Kyiv, Kadirov army, Kadirov, Kherson, Bucha, Kharkiv, Ukrainian pilots, vagners, Russian tanks, NATO, drones, Moscow, Kreml, war victims Ukraina,

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Sangrur News: ਅਸੀਂ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਹਾਂ ਤੇ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਰਹਾਂਗੇ... ਚੋਣ ਲੜਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਵੀ Dhindsa Family ਨੇ ਲਿਆ ਫ਼ੈਸਲਾ#local18

ਅਸੀਂ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਹਾਂ ਤੇ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਰਹਾਂਗੇ... ਚੋਣ ਲੜਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਵੀ Dhindsa Family ਨੇ ਲਿਆ ਫ਼ੈਸਲਾ #sangrur #loksabhaelection2024 #parminderdhindsa #news18punjab Find Latest News, Top Headline And breaking news Watch your favorite newspapers News18 Punjab Himachal Haryana websites. For All Live Coverage, Exclusive And Latest News Update, Watch The LIVE TV Of News18 Punjab/Haryana/Himachal, Catch The Latest News LIVE News 18 Punjab/Haryana/Himachal is an exclusive news channel on YouTube which streams news related to Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Nation and the World. Along with the news, the channel also has debates on contemporary topics and shows on special series which are interesting and informative. News18 ਪੰਜਾਬ/हरियाणा/हिमाचल एक क्षेत्रीय न्यूज़ चैनल है जिसपर ਪੰਜਾਬ, हरियाणा, हिमाचल, देश एवं विदेश की खबरें प्रकाशित की जाती हैं | समाचारों क साथ-साथ इस चैनल पर समकालीन विषयों पर वाद-विवाद एवं विशेष सीरीज भी प्रकाशित होती हैं जो की काफी रोचक एवं सूचनापूर्ण हैं | Subscribe to our channel: http://bit.ly/1IMIp73 For Latest news and updates, log on to: https://bit.ly/2Cx91Ok Follow Us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/News18Haryana https://twitter.com/News18Himachal https://twitter.com/News18Punjab Like Us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/News18Haryana/ https://www.facebook.com/News18Himachal/ https://www.facebook.com/News18Punjab

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Ṭu Ṣī ā paṭiyalū maughā mil janda hai so aisa koi bhi kaṁ asīni karana chau le jī de nār śrónni ka alilal kam achur nuvīk. Ṣoṁ ki ase dahor devich jo Ṭekshan devi jayu ka alilal alangra hai je kalanu jo kisi nei keetā vali marjī, mira única e onut Jrīhhā tī dx τāma roāivot ṣ Ten Shrī Illā Incā root or キ Regardless of what happens or of the problems with him, eating, etc., in sl though ṣ Dhaibaaaa k Natürlich, when I see him, I think, how he is presented for Jedīn ๆ ilight cuc Angeles, etc., as igma. Oil player ṣ 멋 p tôii dīko ṣ Pārbā dh trainings, Chfeeding the women in our house, Ṛn ṣhāriya ṉaaf ṉbāla k Ṛpārbā Ṛi ṉaaf ṉ motor ṣaāv ṉmaqāt160 Ṛpārbā Ṭ Такāli ut ladā ut ladā ṉ transformative akte cando conte accordedא� sh 1968 Americans not allowed to come. farmers are familliar mounting wrong protection system. සයරෙයආ එක්ා ව� cocon Else එක්සර් වබනඔ෇ද කරති, සහලපවයි 我වamız�නක් next he can't lock up their scores. වසොලවයි ප්රී අදා нас නල්සොස්මය of the regional elections වනනතකයු. So theเด asked to quit as a senior వపర అారాయౌ Babe jumping 大 assembly ㅅటం lakepełాసి గణరం Fake Flat

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Zelenskyy believes in Ukraine's victory before 2024 US elections

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President Vladimir Zelensky has commented on the possible loss of U.S. military support for Ukraine after the 2024 U.S. presidential election, saying that Ukraine could gain victory by then. Zelensky said it in an interview with public broadcasters who are members of Eurovision News. Zelensky dismissed fears of losing U.S. support if President Joe Biden, who has pledged to support Ukraine for as long as necessary, is not re-elected in 2024. Zelensky stated that Ukraine still has bipartisan support in the U.S. Congress. In addition, the president believes that Ukraine would gain victory in the war before the U.S. presidential election on 5th November next year.

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1 Timothy 1:1-4 | No Other Doctrine

Be sure to Like, Share, and Subscribe to keep up to date with all of us here at CCCV, and come say hi on our other social media platforms! Website: https://www.calvaryccv.org/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CalvaryChapelChinoValley/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/calvaryccv/ #CalvaryChapelChinoValley #PastorDavidRosales #1Timothy

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First Timothy, what we're going to be looking at is we're going to be looking at a letter that was written to a pastor and instructions that he's receiving from the Apostle Paul. And so I'll begin reading to you in First Timothy chapter one at verse one. I'll read to verse four. I'm going to give to you an introduction that's going to take some time to lay the foundation for you so that you'll understand the purpose of the book and all of that. And then we're going to move into practical application of some of the things that we'll be reading here in First Timothy. So let's begin reading in First Timothy chapter one at verse one. I'll read to verse four and we're only going to cover four verses today. And so we'll begin here by looking at First Timothy chapter one beginning at verse one reading to verse four, Paul and Apostle of Jesus Christ by the commandment of God our Savior and the Lord Jesus Christ our hope to Timothy, a true Son in the faith, grace, mercy and peace from God our Father and Jesus Christ our Lord. As I urged you when I went into Macedonia, remain in Ephesus that you may charge some that they teach no other doctrine, nor give heed to fables and endless genealogies which cause disputes rather than godly edification which is in faith. For those of you who are visiting here, perhaps this is your first time attending. Let me share a couple of things as I lay a foundation and then I'll explain how we do things in terms of the way I teach and all so that you'll be prepared for the study as we give it today. What we do normally is we lay a foundation. And what I want to do is I want to lay a foundation so that you know the direction of this particular book. And so in every Bible said I give to you, I give to you a foundation and then I try to build upon it and I do so in layers. And so here what we have is an introduction to a book that is called the First Epistle of Paul to a young pastor by the name of Timothy. And what I want to do is I want to highlight certain things once again as introductory comments. I'll give you some things concerning the purpose of the book, the time of its writing and all. But I'm doing that and giving this explanation because I'm aware of the conditions culturally that the church today is living in. And that's one of the reasons why I think Timothy is such an important book for us to look at together. You see today we live in an age when the message of the gospel or Bible teaching per se is regarded by many as simply being irrelevant, that it's not something that really applies to me today. How do you take some ancient words and how do you practically apply those things? And so for many people the gospel is irrelevant to real life. When you speak to them concerning the message of the gospel and all they'll say to you that it's a message, that's true, but it's one message among many similar messages. So that means in essence that they don't consider it to be interesting, they don't consider the message of the gospel exciting, it most certainly isn't important. And pastors are aware of this. Passers are very aware of the way people think today. And as a matter of fact many of the pastors have adjusted their entire style of ministry to accommodate the age that they're attempting to reach. And so what has happened is they have developed different teaching styles that basically are attempts to communicate to people and to relate to people so that the people will actually come back the next week because there are many people who don't listen more than five or ten minutes at a time and if they don't like what they're hearing within the first ten minutes they get up and they walk out. And we pastors know that I've been ministering for a long time. I taught my very first Bible study, first formal Bible study in September of 1973. I have been teaching this month forty-four years. So I have some experience in what I'm saying. And there was a time when people would actually come and listen to an entire Bible study. If they didn't agree they didn't come back. But that time is far gone. That doesn't happen anymore. Within the first five to ten minutes if somebody does not relate, does not connect they find it easy to get up and walk out, which is really unheard of when I first got saved. When I first got saved I went to a place called Calvary Chapel, Costa Mesa. And Pastor Chuck Smith was the pastor of that church at that time and one of my cousins, his name was Ray, needed the Lord. So I invited him to come to church and so Ray, my sister Madeleine and I went to Calvary and we went early because you had to be early to get a seat. Because if you came late you'd be sitting in the aisle. You'd actually be sitting around the base of the platform. Some were even sitting on the platform. It was that crowded. It was a small church. It only sat about 300 people in it. But there were hundreds of kids. You'd have 500 kids coming to a church building that sat 300. So he went early and so I took my cousin Ray early and we got a seat there and as we were seated the worship happened and then Chuck, my pastor comes out to speak and as I'm seated there my cousin Ray whispers to me, I've got to go. I said, you don't know, no, no. We don't know. We're in the Bible study, Ray. He says, Dave, I have an appointment. I have to go. I said, Ray, no, we can't get up and I was three or four rows away from Pastor Chuck. Chuck goes right here. There I am and I'm talking like this and I said, no. He says, I've got to go. So I stand up and Ray stands up and my sister stands up and we have to thread our way between all these people who were seated on the aisles. Pastor Chuck looks at me, my first conversation with Chuck Smith. Young man, that's how Chuck would speak to you. Young man, if you knew that you weren't going to stay for the Bible study, why did you sit in that pew taking a place of somebody who's going to sit here to hear the word of God? He says it to me, my first conversation. I got my crazy cousin with me. It was his fault. You know what my cousin does? He puts the one way and let's just take you home, put you back in the institution. That was my first conversation. I spoke to Pastor Chuck years, years later. I said, Chuck, I remember you saying this is the first time you spoke to me and you asked me why I took the seat of somebody. And I said, and you just let me know in front of everybody. And he says, and you deserved it. I said, that's true. That's true. See, there was a time when you actually respected what was being said, even if you disagreed. That day is long gone. Within five to 10 minutes today, if someone doesn't like what they're here and they just get up and walk out and they don't care if they interrupt in the Bible, they don't care that is God's word. They don't care it's God's people. They don't care. They just get up and go. We understand that. Pastors understand that has happened so many times. It happens all the time. It's happened so many times you have to preach around that because that's the way the world is. I understand that. But pastors today are adjusting to the way people respond. And so they're changing their style of communication. And what has happened is some have become entertainers. And so what they do is they polish their presentation and they emphasize personality. And they're very careful to entertain those goats. They want the goats to remain. They're not feeding sheep. They're entertaining goats. And what they're trying to do is they're trying to keep them there so they can finish their sentence before the person gets up rudely and walks out. And what happens is they change their whole style of teaching so that they don't say things that discourage or offend. And I've said this many times. It's like this old song I heard when I was a kid, Home on the Range. And the church becomes like Home on the Range where never is heard a discouraging word. So they won't say anything to cause somebody to actually examine their own hearts to see whether or not they're right with God. So they have a group of people who show up because they want them there. But they're not being fed because they've changed the style of teaching to the degree that it becomes something that's more entertainment. Others have become great storytellers. They'll begin their message with a story and they have story after story after story. And the people come for the stories because it's exciting. Oh, you had this great adventure. And you did this and you learned that and you did. And oh, wow. And they like the stories. One story after another, after another, after another. But what that does is it produces a dull minded sheep who just wants to hear stories and not the word of God. Some have become like magicians. You remember those magicians who had the big top hat and they'd stick their hand in and pull a rabbit out of it? They'd do that to the Bible. They'll stick their hand in the Bible and pull something out. It's not even there. It's an illusion. But people think it's great. I remember somebody saying to me, oh, I was listening to so and so and he was saying this and that. And I didn't even know that it was in the Bible. And I said, that's because it's not. That's because it's not. That's because they gave you some kind of illusion to make you think that it is, but it's not at all. They're a magician. And then you have others who like to ride their hobby horse. It doesn't matter what that passage says. They're going to get back to what is the thing that intrigues them the most or causes them to think about it the most. It happens all the time. And people like the hobby horse. So you have entertainers. You have storytellers. You have magicians. The hobby horse rider and passers are aware of that. Passers are aware of that. Nobody, nobody starts a Bible study with the hope that people just get up and walk out. Nobody plants a church where they want people to not come back. And so what we do is we adjust and that's what has taken place in these days. But the bottom line is, is we know that the Bible is the word of God. And it's by his word that we want to live. And that's why we teach through books of the Bible. And that's what we're going to do today. We're going to begin a series in 1 Timothy. And I want you to know what the book is. And that means I give to you introductions. That means that give to you foundations. That gives to you information so that as you're going through Timothy and reading it on your own, you can say, oh, that's why this was written. No, I can see that. And that's where this introduction is actually leading. As you look at 1 Timothy, I'll give you a few things. A few facts about it. This book was written around the year 63 A.D. It was written from a place called Macedonia. You see that in verse three where Paul says, I urged you when I went into Macedonia. The letter was written from Macedonia. When you're looking at a map, you've got Greece. You have Northern Greece and it's connected to Southern Greece, the little isthmus that connects you to Southern Greece. Macedonia would be the Northern portion by what is called, was Yugoslavia. So that's the Northern region of Greece. It was written as a letter of encouragement and instruction to a young man by the name of Timothy who was the pastor of the church there in the city of Ephesus. When you look at Timothy, Timothy was a young man who had been wanted Jesus Christ through the ministry of the apostle Paul. As we've been going through the book of Acts, some of you have journeyed with me through Acts and when we got to chapter 16, we were introduced to this man, Timothy, and we saw how he was converted under Paul's ministry in the city of Lystra. We saw that he has a mother who was Jewish and a father who was a Gentile, who was Greek. And yet Paul had brought him to faith in Christ and that's why he would say in verse two that Timothy is what he called a true son in the faith. This man had been converted to faith in Christ through his ministry. As we read our Bible, we discovered that his grandmother's name was Lois, that his mother's name was Eunice. And according to 2 Timothy, chapter one, verse five, they had become believers in Christ. And it was Lois and Eunice that prepared Timothy to become a man of faith. Paul speaks about that in 2 Timothy 3, verse 15, when he says to Timothy, from childhood, you have known the holy scriptures which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. And so, one application we get right from the beginning is this. What had happened is grandmother and mother, Jewish's who had a love for the Old Testament had raised this young man who was a mix of Jewish and Gentile and brought him up in the faith of Israel and thus they gave to him the Old Testament and prepared his heart. And that's what Paul is referring to in 2 Timothy 3, 15, when he says the holy scriptures are able to make you wise, wise for salvation. In other words, the seed had been planted, the word of God had been planted in young Timothy's life and thus when he heard the gospel it connected, God used that, his faith was placed in Christ and he became a safe man and that's why Paul can call him my genuine son in the faith. Here's something for us as parents. You who have small children or even a younger teenage, young years or whatever. One of the things that I would encourage you to is pour into your children the word of God. Have times in God's word. When my children were small from the time, they were very small from the first, all through all four of them. Marie and I would pray with them, we would pray before meals, even when they were so small they didn't realize that we were praying. We'd have them in their little high chair there. I would take them by the wrist, I'd just hold them lightly on the wrist because they want to eat and I would say in a minute we're going to pray first to Jesus and we would pray and I'd say Jesus thank you for this food and I taught them to pray and to thank God for their meals from the time they were infants. As I got older, we would have home devotions. We had devotions with my kids five out of seven days out of the week, five out of seven nights. The only two nights they didn't have a devotion as they were growing up was Wednesday and Sunday night because I taught Wednesday and I taught Sunday. They would come to the Bible studies, all the Bible studies from the time they were small because I knew that the enemy was going to go after my children. I knew that he was going to destroy them. I knew that he was going to go after their life. I knew that. I knew that it's a war for children. It's a war for their souls. It's a war for their minds. I know they're going to go to a school that is not going to teach them what we're training them up in. I know that. And how are they going to be equipped to fight if I don't equip them? I didn't expect others to do that. I did it myself. And yes, when they got older they gave us a run for the money. I have to tell you. They were not saints. Some of you know my kids. You can say amen, I don't mind. They weren't saints. But you know what? They were secured through prayer. And I said, God, your word says, train up a child when he is young and when he is old he will not depart from it. In Jesus' name I'm going to keep pouring into my kids and pouring into my kids and pouring into my kids because one day it's going to come home. One day the word will find root in them and produce fruit. I trust you for this. And that's what we did. Listen, parent, teach your children. Don't expect the church to do that. Pour the word of God into them. Pray for them. And train them up in the ways of the Lord. The world will not do that. The world wants to destroy your children but God gave you the responsibility to raise them. And that's what happened with Timothy. That's how it worked with Timothy. From an early age, from infancy you knew the holy scriptures which are able to make you wise into salvation. That's how it works. That's how it works. And so that's what Paul is speaking about right now. You see, after he had gotten saved he became a traveling companion for the apostle Paul. Paul went on several missionary journeys. There are three recorded in the book of Acts and on Paul's second missionary journey he planted a church. He planted a church in Ephesus. You see that in Acts chapter 18. Now when you look at Ephesus in history, Ephesus was a huge city according to ancient standards and it was breathtaking. In its beauty, I've been to Ephesus on more than one occasion. And the ruins, just the ruins you can tell this was an amazing city. It was huge by ancient standards. It's located on the southwest coast of Turkey. It was a commercial center of what is called Asia Minor. During the Roman occupation of Ephesus the city swelled to over 250 up to 300,000 people. It was the second largest city in the Roman Empire as well as the world. It was known for its harbor, but it was also known for magic as well as the temple of Diana. And the temple of Diana when you look in ancient history was one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. One source said it is estimated that the temple measured between 350 and 377 feet long by 175 to 180 feet wide. To relate its size to modern perspective, the layout of the temple was longer and wider than a standard size football field. The temple of Diana also called Artemis was considered the first Greek style temple to be made completely of marble. It was built with more than 100 marble columns standing 40 feet high and the entire project took over 120 years to complete. So if you're doing an addition, don't complain. Paul planted the church in Ephesus but he eventually left it in the hands of a young man named Timothy. Now to minister in such an opulent and decadent society was incredibly intimidating. And so for this reason, Paul wrote to encourage Timothy to remain strong and faithful. There are places that are like demonic strongholds. There are places that have an openness sometimes to the gospel. This area here that we're in has an openness to the gospel. It still does, thank God for it. But there are other places not that far from here that are strongholds of opposition. I ministered for a few years in Claremont and Claremont is a stronghold. It's got many, it's got higher education there. It's got a real strong anti-Christian feel to it. Some of you know what I'm talking about and it's kind of difficult to reach. But there are other places that it seems that they're just waiting. Come and tell us about the Lord we want to hear. Ephesus was a stronghold. It's like if you go into some of the parts of LA or you go to some places in San Diego or you go into San Francisco, they're strongholds. And you go in there and you try and plant a church and they call it a graveyard of churches because pastors go in and they plant a work and nobody wants to hear, nobody comes. Ephesus was a stronghold and it was intimidating. And yet Paul is telling this young pastor, stay there and do a work for the Lord in this mighty city called Ephesus. Now, as Paul is writing to this young man, he's giving him instructions. And these are the things we're gonna see as we go through 1st Timothy. He says, these are the things you're to do, Timothy, expose false teaching, develop qualified leaders, teach the word of God. He says, exercise your spiritual gift, become an example, fight the good fight of faith. He says, organize the church under qualified leaders. He also says, you're to refute error by teaching the truth, encourage godly conduct by being godly, protect the purity of the church by enacting church discipline on members who are in need of correction. These are the things you need to do, Timothy. And you'll see these things as we go through this letter to Timothy. When you're looking at it and you're studying it, there's a key word. And the key word that is used here is the word doctrine. The word doctrine literally means teaching. And Paul uses the word doctrine in this letter eight times, which tells us he's emphasizing something. So someone asked, why would doctrine be so important? Why can't we just believe what we wanna believe about God? After all, some say it's not about doctrine, it's about Jesus. But that kind of comment is actually reflective of what would be called the last days because the Bible says in the last days, people will no longer endure healthy doctrine. And so when you have people saying, well, it's not really teaching we need, we need to feel closer to God, it's just symptomatic of the fact that we're living in the days just preceding the return of Christ. Why is doctrine so important? Doctrine is important because it safeguards people. Eternal life and a lifestyle that brings glory to God rests on accurate teaching because what you believe is what you ultimately do. And what you believe and do is what makes up your influence. And when you are believing and doing things that are wrong, you influence others to wrong. So Paul is speaking to him about this because it's important. We'll see in 1st Timothy 4.16 how he says to Timothy, take heed to yourself and to the doctrine, continuing them for in doing this, you will save both yourself and those who hear you. And so this concern for safeguarding proper teaching is paramount to the apostle Paul. Again, in the book of Acts, when you get to Acts chapter 20, records Paul's last conversation that he had with the elders of the church of Ephesus. Paul knew that he would never see them again. And so in Acts 20, he's giving them final instructions. And he says in Acts 20 verses 27 through 30, and he's speaking to these elders. He says, I have not hesitated to proclaim to you the whole will, the whole counsel of God. Keep watch over yourselves and all the flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers. Be shepherds of the church of God, which he bought with his own blood. I know that after I leave, savage wolves will come in among you and will not spare the flock. Even from their own number, men will arise and distort the truth in order to draw away disciples after them. They're gonna come and they're gonna invade your church is what he was telling them. They're gonna come and invade. They're gonna be outsiders who come in and they're gonna bring false teachings and begin to infect. But not only will there be people who come in from the outside, a great danger also is those who are on the inside using their influence. And it all comes because they're drawing disciples after themselves. So doctrine is important because it has consequences for now as well as for eternity. There's your introduction. Let's get in the study. Verse one, Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the commandment of God, our savior, and the Lord Jesus Christ, our hope. To Timothy, a true son in the faith, grace, mercy and peace from God, our Father and the Lord, and Jesus Christ, our Lord. The way they wrote letters in the time of Paul is outlined right in front of us. It would begin, the letter would begin with the author of the letter. So he begins by saying Paul. The second thing you would see is the recipient of the letter, which is what you see when he says to Timothy. And the third thing you would see in their letter would be a blessing, grace, mercy and peace from God, our Father. And so this is the typical way that letters were written during that time. Notice how Paul describes himself. He identifies himself as an apostle of Jesus Christ. He identifies himself like this in nine out of the 13 letters that he writes in the New Testament. He's an apostle. The word apostle literally speaks of one who's been sent out and has had designated authority. So he's speaking concerning himself as one who's been sent out by the Lord Jesus Christ with the authority of heaven. He's an apostle. But he's also an apostle by the commandment of God, meaning he didn't select himself. He's pointing out that God is the one who appointed him to that position. God chose him. God sent him on this mission. You see, we do not need to be looking to other people to appoint us. The appointing comes from the Lord himself. In John 15, 16, it says, you haven't chosen me, but I have chosen you and ordained you that you should go and bring forth fruit and that your fruit should remain. So I am an apostle by the commandment of God. In Galatians 1, 1, Paul would say, Paul an apostle, not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead. So he begins by saying my authority is through God. The commandment was from God for me to be this. But he also refers to God as our savior and Jesus as our hope. So when he says, God our savior, God our savior reflects Paul's rejection of Nero because Nero, Caesar Nero was referred to as the savior of the world. And so Paul is making it clear that Caesar's not the savior of the world, God is. In Isaiah 43, 11, it says, I even I am the Lord and beside me there is no savior. Isaiah 13, 4 says, I am the Lord, your God from the land of Egypt, you shall know no God but me for there is no savior beside me. So he's saying my commandment didn't come from Rome and Caesar is not my God. I do what God has called me to do. It's what he's saying because I received this commandment from the Lord. The world hasn't been given the responsibility of telling the church what we're to do. Our orders come from the Lord and we find those orders through God's word. Paul is making it very clear that that's how it works, that we take our orders from the Lord. You can call Caesar Nero the savior of the world if you'd like as a Roman citizen, Paul was saying, but we know the true savior and the true savior is God himself. And we follow God's directives, not yours, regardless of whether somebody thinks they can force us to do what they think is the right thing to do. We don't take our orders from the world. My friend Ron is pastor of Houston, Calvary. They were in the newspaper recently because he's become a center there for the hurricane situation and all there in the Houston area. And his church has become a center where many churches, many Calvary, especially churches have been sending teams to work and sending finances to help and all of that. And so recently there was an article written about Calvary Houston because somebody from the LGBT, quote unquote community was angry because they had come and wanted to serve with the church as the church was doing its work. And they said, I'm sorry, but this is for believers. The work that we're doing is coming out of our church and the members of our church and other Christians who were coming from around the nation. And so no, we're not gonna have LGBT serving here in the church given the impression that your believers, because in fact, your lifestyle disqualifies you from that. Now that's Bible, that's Bible. And so what do they do? They call them haters. And they start saying, oh, these people hate us and they're this, you know, but Ron stood firm. Why? Because no, we don't take our orders from the world. You know, listen, if you wanna go out and do a work, go do it. Listen, here we go. I shouldn't do this. I'm gonna do it. Here we go. You know, we see these people, these anti-fascists, they call them Antifa, right? And you see them marching, you see them hating and apparently the hurricanes that are coming is because of Trump. I read that. One of the Hollywood elites with an intellect that's equal to a stone was saying that. And so everything bad happens is because it's Trump and therefore the hurricanes really result of some judgment that's coming because of Donald Trump, which to me is really, it's really sad. It's really a sad way to think and it's so bad. But with that said, I don't see these people who are protesting. I don't see these people who are violent. I don't see these people who are doing the things that they're doing in such an angry way. I haven't seen them on any work in any food lines. I haven't seen them taking up collections and offerings and getting teams of Antifa people to go on to actually serve and help and clean out homes that are messed up. No, why? Because they're parasites. Because they take from what good people do and they only, they call us haters when in reality they're the haters. If they're so good, I'm gonna say it this way. If they're so good, why aren't you doing something good? Why aren't you out there helping? Why aren't you crying with those who are losing things? Why aren't you ministering to the children? Why aren't you taking what you are as a parasite? What you are as a parasite, you know, the Boy Scouts of America years ago was being infiltrated by homosexual scout leaders and I wrote a letter and wrote it to the editor and it was printed and I said, listen, I said the homosexual community has a tendency of taking something that has a tradition of doing good for many years and then they say you are excluding us from that. Why don't you start the gay atheists of America and see how many people come to yours? Why don't you do that? Why do you have to take something that has been so good for so many years and has done so many good things for so many kids? Why do you have to destroy that so your agenda is pressed? Listen, we shouldn't and we cannot put up with that garbage. The bottom line is is we have truth that comes from the gospel. We live for Jesus Christ and that's what we're supposed to do. That's called Christianity. That's Christianity. See, so our commandment comes from God. It doesn't come from man. I answer to a higher authority than some disgruntled individual who decides to get up and walk out on a church service. I answer to God himself and that's what Paul is saying. And we have to understand that. If you fear anyone, Jesus said fear God. Don't fear man, fear God. And that's what we're taught to do. That's Christianity 101. People don't understand that. And so I'll get off that horse and move into another, right? Jesus is our hope. Listen, he's our hope and he speaks of him in that way. He says by commandment of God, our Savior and Jesus, the Lord Jesus Christ, our hope. Without Jesus, we have no hope. No hope for eternity. Why? Well, according to Ephesians, chapter two, verse 12, once again, Paul writing to this church that Timothy pastored. According to Ephesians two, verse 12, he said to them, at that time, you were without Christ. Being aliens from the Commonwealth of Israel, strangers from the Covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world, having no hope and without God. You see, when we receive Christ, we're given hope and we live in hope. And our hope is not in man and our hope does not originate in what the world offers us. Psalm 25, verse five, reads, guide me in your truth and teach me, for you are God my Savior. My hope is in you all day long. So no matter what we may be going through, we go through it because of our hope. The word hope is translated, confident expectation. It isn't used in the Bible, the way that we use it in our common parlance. When we say hope today, it's like, I hope the Dodger stopped losing. That's hope. It's confident expectation. Jesus Christ is our hope. We hope in Him. We have a confident expectation. We are saved, Paul said to the Romans. We are saved in hope. And so we have a confidence in the Lord and all. And Jesus Christ is our hope. No matter what our circumstances may be, as we go through those things, God has a way of strengthening us as we go through, and why? Because we have hope. In Romans 15, 13, it says that God of hope fill you with all joy and peace and believing that you may abound in hope through the power of the Holy Spirit. We also look forward in hope to the final results of living in hope. In Titus 2, 13, Paul said, looking for that blessed hope and the glorious appearing of the great God and Savior, Jesus Christ. In 1 John 3, 2, and 3, it says, beloved, now are we the sons of God. It does not yet appear what we shall be. But we know that when He shall appear, we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him as He is. And every man that has this hope in Him purifies himself even as He is pure. So he says in verse 2 to Timothy, my genuine son in the faith. Paul had no son of his own. But he loved and treated Timothy as if he were his own. And you gotta think for just a moment how Timothy reading this, how that would have registered with his heart. That Paul is saying, Timothy, you're my son. You're my son. I don't have any children. I didn't have any. But I have you. You're my son in the faith. Allow me to give a personal illustration of why that matters. Pastor Chuck was my pastor. Chuck Smith, pastor of Calvary Chapel Coastal Mesa was my pastor for a long time. I was at a pastor's conference on one occasion. I was seated next to him. My father had gone home to be with Jesus and I was seated next to Pastor Chuck and I said to him, you know, I said, Pastor, I said, Chuck, you know, God has been gracious to me. He gave me my father who I love with all of my heart, my physical dad. He gave me my father, but he also gave me you and you are my father and I love you like a son. I was in a pastor's conference a few years ago and just before Pastor Chuck went home to be with Jesus. As a matter of fact, I believe it was the last pastor's conference that we had with my pastor, Chuck and he was seated off to the right. He used to always be seated in the same place and it was one of the very last conferences and I was teaching at the pastor's conference. There were over 700 pastors there and as I was teaching, I was sharing about loyalty and ministry and Chuck was there and as I was teaching, I turned and I looked at him. I still remember looking at Chuck. He was only just a few feet away and I said, Chuck, I want you to know something. I want you to know that I am loyal to you. That you are my pastor and I will not bring shame to you. You are my pastor and I love you. It was a time I was teaching at a men's conference in Anaheim and we would have between seven and 10,000 men in this conference and I was teaching at this particular conference and there's a stage set up and then there's the backstage area. They had some seats lined up next to the stage and then they have other seats that are in a different area and a lot of the guys are in the different area and Pastor Chuck was seated by himself in this line of chairs, just a few steps from the stairs that would take you up to the platform and I was the next speaker and so I came and I sat next to Pastor Chuck and as I sat next to him, he was shoulder to shoulder with me and I just turned and I smiled at him and he looked at me and out of nowhere as I was seated there, Pastor Chuck leans back and puts his arm around my shoulder and then drew me to himself and just held on to me like father would hold a son and I have to tell you even to this day that makes me choke up. He was my father, my spiritual father and I loved him like a son loves a father and when Chuck told me how important I was to him I have a letter that he wrote me that I still have where he says that to me and I kept it, it's a memory. I understand what Timothy would feel when he read this letter from Pastor Paul who said my genuine son in the faith, my genuine son. That means something, it means a lot and it must have touched this young man's heart. You see, Paul loved him and spoke highly of him. When you read Philippians 2, you see in verses 19 through 22 how he said, I hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy to you soon that I also may be cheered when I receive news about you. I have no one else like him who takes a genuine interest in your welfare for everyone looks out for his own interest not those of Jesus Christ but you know that Timothy has proved himself because as a son with his father he has served with me in the work of the gospel and so Timothy had been converted to faith through the ministry of the apostle Paul he was a genuine believer and a son to him. Grace, mercy and peace from God our Father and Jesus Christ our Lord as I urged you when I went into Macedonia remain in Ephesus that you may charge some that they teach no other doctrine. Now Timothy apparently was reluctant to stay in the city of Ephesus so Paul exhorts him to do so and he begins to give him orders that he's to carry out as the pastor of the church. Notice the first thing he says, charge some that they teach no other doctrine. When he says no other doctrine, charge them that they teach the same do not teach different doctrine, teach proper doctrine. So charge some that they teach no other doctrine. Charge some not to teach a different thing. Charge them not to deviate from the truth. Why? Because false teachers must be stopped from spreading error immediately. The New Testament knows nothing about allowing error to go unchallenged. Anything purporting to be Christian that changes the gospel is to be dealt with and quickly. And again, that's because error is never harmless. Error is destructive. Error destroys not just individuals, but families. In Titus 111, Paul said, there are many rebellious people mere talkers and deceivers, especially those of the circumcision group. They must be silenced because they are ruining whole households by teaching things they ought not to teach and that for the sake of dishonest gain. You see, the Bible makes it very clear that truth exists and that truth matters. Why, well, one, God is the originator of truth. In Psalm 31.5, you have redeemed me, oh Lord, God of truth. God is the originator of truth and second Jesus is truth incarnate. He said, I am the way the truth and the life in John 14.6. A third thing is that the truth sets us free from Satan and bondage because he who sins is a slave to sin, Jesus said in John 8.32. And the gospel is truth revealed as well as communicated because Ephesians 1.13 reminds us, in him you also trusted after you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation. An interesting thing about all of that, a fifth thing is believers are those who have a love of the truth. Now, this is one of the ways for you as a believer to measure your maturity. And this helps you as an individual to know whether you're even saved. Do you have a love for the truth? Not an admiration of it, not a philosophic interest in it. Do you have a love for it? You see, in 1 Thessalonians 2 verse 9 and 10, Paul said, the coming of the lawless one is according to the working of Satan with all power, signs and lying wonders and with all unrighteous deception among those who perish because they did not receive the love of the truth that they might be saved. It's an indicator that you're even saved if you love the truth. And this word of truth was given one time for all time. There is no need for future revelation. Jude verse three says it like this, beloved, although I was very eager to write to you about the salvation we share, I felt I had to write and urge you to contend for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints. One time for all time. There are no new revelations. So one of the pastor's duties is that of identifying those who are corrupting the gospel and preaching error. That's one of the ways that a pastor actually cares for the sheep. That's one of the ways that he demonstrates his love. He protects them. And Romans 16, 17 and 18, it says I urge you brothers, watch out for those who cause divisions and put obstacles in your way that are contrary to the teaching you've learned. Keep away from them. For such people are not serving our Lord Christ, but their own appetites. By smooth talk and flattery, they deceive the minds of naive people. And so there's a warning. Paul would do that. Paul would actually name names in 2 Timothy 2, 16 through 18. He said avoid godless chatter because those who indulge in it will become more and more ungodly. Their teaching will spread like gangrene. Among them are Hymenias and Phyletes who have wandered away from the truth. They say that the resurrection has already taken place. They destroy the faith of some. So he didn't avoid mentioning names by name. People by name. Listen, and I'll make this practical as I can today. Many Christians feel it is wrong to expose and confront error. Some feel it's un-Christian to do so because these people are doing such good things. That's because they don't believe that there is anything that is absolutely true. Somebody said it like this. It is not kindness at all, but the worst form of cruelty to suggest that what people believe doesn't really matter. It really doesn't matter much if they feel spiritual and do good. In fact, on the face of it, that claim is a blatant contradiction of the gospel message. Real righteousness simply cannot exist in isolation from belief in the truth. To make the case for any concept of practical good that subsists apart from sound doctrine, one quickly has to remove just about everything that is truly righteous from the definition of good. It doesn't take very long for that kind of thinking to undermine the foundations of Christianity itself. Listen, there are many today that are identifying themselves as Christians and they don't believe the Bible. There was a culture and media institute survey that surveyed 2,000 people and 87% said that they believe in God. 52% said they believe the Bible is God's word. Yet only 36% believed in living by the Bible and 15% said they lived by their own principles even when conflicting with God's. And 45% preferred combining God's teachings with their own beliefs. So that translates into picking and choosing passages that suit your particular belief. There was a TV preacher who was asked a question concerning Mormonism. And the question was, is Mormonism Christian? I saw this. I watched it when it took place. And when asked the question, is Mormonism Christian, this well-known TV preacher answered, it is. He said Mormons refer to Jesus as their savior and Jesus is my savior. So I would consider them to be part of the family of God. The secular interviewer corrected this well-known TV preacher. A secular interviewer corrected him. Some in this room think that Mormonism's Christian. Some of you do. Let me share with you some things. Let me be a preacher of hate for a moment, if I may. Mormonism is polytheistic. It denies original sin. It teaches that both God the Father and God the Holy Spirit have physical bodies. Mormonism teaches that Jesus was conceived through sexual intercourse between God the Father and Mary. Mormonism teaches that Jesus is the spirit brother of Lucifer, that Jesus was a polygamist, that Jesus traveled to the Americas during his three days in the tomb, that every Mormon male will one day become a God ruling over his own planet, accompanied by multiple wives, just as the God of this earth named Elohim was once a man has done here. That's Mormonism. That's Mormonism. And yet somebody's mad at me right now. That's Mormonism. It's error. It's error. And yet a pastor on TV, being interviewed, asked questions concerning this, doesn't know these things, and thus says, yeah, Mormons are my brother because he believes in Jesus. How would Paul respond to that? Well, in Galatians 1, 8, and 9, he said it like this, even if we or an angel from heaven preach any other gospel to you, then what we have preached to you, let him be accursed. As we have said before, so now I say again, if anyone preaches any other gospel to you, then what you have received, let him be accursed. That's how Paul would deal with it, because that's what scripture says. And so as a warning against false teachers, he says in verse four, nor give heed to fables and endless genealogies, which cause disputes rather than godly edification, which is in faith. You see, these false teachers were teaching fables and superstitious myths, if you will, Jewish genealogies that would puff up the family. But God's word produces godly edification. It builds up a genuine faith in Jesus Christ, and that's what Paul wanted them to know. And again, that's what Paul told the elders of Ephesus. In Acts 20, verse 32, he said, brother, I commend you to God, to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up and give you an inheritance among all those who are sanctified. Listen, as a pastor of this church, I want to give to you once again, a guarantee that I've given in the past that I'm remaining firm in that is this, I will teach you the truth. When you come here, you will get a Bible study. I will teach you about Jesus Christ. I will not deviate, I will not compromise. I will tell you the truth, because it is the truth that sets you free. And that's something you'll get from here. That's what I'm gonna do. That's what I'm gonna do, because I really believe in accountability. My accountability is to the Lord. Yes, I realize that things that are said sometimes, the way I say them, doesn't come off in the way that I feel them. I know that I come off abruptly. I know that I come off strongly. But you know what? One of these days, when I stand before the Lord, I want to say to him, but I told him the best that I could. I told him the truth, the best that I could. And Father, if I wasn't tender, well, I've cried many a tear over that, but I will not lie to you. I love you guys. I am a pastor of this church, and I will not give you compromise. Amen.

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Sophie Ndaba: People abuse the words 'I love you'

Sophie Ndaba: People abuse the words 'I love you' It's no secret that Sophie Ndaba has been through the most over the past month. From being body shamed to fielding off death rumours - Sophie has managed to not let it get her down. "Today I'm my own #WCW. Love and understanding begins with yourself. You are in no position to love anyone if you don't understand it's true meaning. People abuse the words 'I Love you' randomly say it to others. So... I love you Sophie Lichaba because God taught you the true meaning of love!!" Sophie also shared a series of pictures with the inspirational post. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If you feel good, please support the author by subscribing to our channel to track the next video. * SUBSCRIBE TO OUR CHANNEL: https://goo.gl/zDv9rV * FOLLOW US ON FACEBOOK: https://goo.gl/Ya1zDh

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Sophie Endaba, People abuse the words I love you. It's no secret that Sophie Endaba has been through the most over the past month. From being body shamed to fielding off death rumors, Sophie has managed to not let it get her down. Today I'm my own hashtag WCW. Love and understanding begins with yourself. You are in no position to love anyone if you don't understand its true meaning. People abuse the words I love you randomly say it to others. So, I love you Sophie Lickable because God taught you the true meaning of love. Sophie also shared a series of pictures with the inspirational post.

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NorthSec 2019 – Joan Calvet – The (Long) Journey to a Multi-Architecture Disassembler

Joan Calvet is (almost) a developer and (sometimes) a reverse-engineer, working on JEB decompiler since 2016. He previously worked as ESET as a malware researcher, and presented at conferences such as REcon, Hack.lu and Virus Bulletin.

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All right, so let's get started. It's my pleasure to present Jean Calvet Go for it and please welcome him. So good morning everyone So my name is Jean Calvet and this talk is about how to build a multi architecture disassembler And this is a teamwork with my colleagues Nicola and Cedric So first thing first who are we we are software developers working for a small company called PNF software And our main activity is to develop Jeb which is a reverse engineering tool So to give you an idea in 2012 we released a version one the major version one of Jeb at the time It was only a decompiler for Android application. So it translates Android application back to Java code It comes with an interactive UI a scripting engine such that the user can analyze the application And then a few years later we released version two with the ability to decompile Windows Linux executables back to C code For a bunch of architectures including x86 ARM MIPS and their 64 bits variants And then a few years just recently in 2018 we released version three Which is also able to decompile non native platforms for example, Ethereum contracts or web assembly modules so we really see Jeb as a tool that should allow the user to analyze many different types of files and In this presentation I want to focus on one specific part of Jeb Namely, it's native disassembler. So the word disassembler can mean a few different things So what I'm talking about here is disassembler takes in input an executable file compiled by a compiler So there is a x86 executable file represented just by its row dump an extract of its row dump And so this disassembler takes this executable file in input And it will tell you that these red bytes here these are executable code and this code Constituted a routine routine is equivalent of function in ILL languages and the routine will be represented as a control for graph So which is a graph where the nodes are called basic blocks and each basic block contain a series of machine instructions Translated to assembly language and surname disassembler and then there are some edges between the nodes to represent the possible control for graph So the disassembler tell you that these red bytes correspond to this routine and while this green bytes here correspond to this one node Routines, so that's the kind of disassembler. We are talking about here They produce a global disassembled view of a program with all routines That are present in the executable and the purpose of this view is to represent the possible ways the program could execute at runtime And not that while it is an assembly based view So it is assembly language the translation of individual machine instruction to assembly language is just one of the features There are many things needed by disassembler in order to produce this global view and speaking of that Why do we need disassembler? So first they are useful because they provide Foundations for automatic advanced analysis like the compilation to a high-level language like C or Java Disassembler can answer can answer questions like where is the code? Where are the data in an executable? In which order instruction got executed. That's the control flow All the data are manipulated the data flow. They also build abstractions useful for advanced analysis so they group instructions within routines within control for graphs within basic blocks and they can also tell you that a Certain series of bytes in a string another series of byte is a variable So all this is needed for automatic advanced analysis But these are some are also useful for manual analysis because the output can be directly understood by humans And in particular when the automatic advanced analysis fail The disassemblers are usually seen as providing the ground truth because they remain close to the machine So you might know as disassembler Ida pro Gidra by now in India Radar to so all these tools They got their own disassembler engine within and in Jeb that the same thing we got our own disassembler engine That's the foundation for the decompilation we do So to give you an idea when we open a binary in Jeb we got a routine list That's the red box the red box you see all routine and for each routine there is its control program in the orange block So that's the output of the disassembler the control program And then the control program is given to the decompiler pipeline which produce the C code that you can see at the bottom in blue But so in this presentation in this presentation we focus on the disassembler And so most of the logic of a disassembler is architecture independent That is exactly the same code for x86 or for arm for example Except for the instruction parsing and a few restricts I will describe later and as I said before it can also pass non-native code So in this in this presentation my intent is ready to first talk about the problem What makes this assembly up on several architectures and then describe the way we deal with those problems in Jeb So hopefully you don't need to be a reverse engineer to understand what I'm going to show you And hopefully we will show you what what it looks like to develop a disassembler And why disassembling remains actually a quite complex problem And as a small disclaimer, this is intended to be a research talk not a sales talk So I will show what what is the current work in progress in Jeb And it's not intended to be a final best solution to disassembly So first thing first I'm going to introduce a toy example that we are trying Well, we will try to disassemble step by step in order to build some kind of intuition about what is disassembly and what makes it hard So we will start with the simple C code. It's called secret C here There is a main routine it checks if one argument was provided and if it's the case It calls another routine called secret algo with the argument passed in input as a string So secret algo is here It computes the XOR between its argument is string argument translated to an integer thanks to the A to I library routine and Constant name secret key that is defined at the top So overall the logical program is just to return the XOR of its argument with a constant if one argument was provided or zero elsewhere Now if we take this C code and compile it with Microsoft Visual Studio X86 compiler without any optimization So we end up with a Windows executable We can execute it on a Windows machine and as there were no optimization This executable will be a literal translation of the C code and in particular the structure will be exactly the same as in the C code So now if we were to give this binary to a disassembler We expect that the output should be something like this there should be at least two routines one for main Let's say routine one is main as in main there is a test on the number of arguments There should be two possible execution path So the graph should have two path for routine one and in one of his path there is a call to the second routine which is secret algo and So routine two will have a very simple graph with a call to a third routine a to I We don't know where a to I is going to be it's a library routine It might be an in an external file or in the same executable and then there will be XOR with our magic constant So that that's a sketch of what we expect the output to look like if the input is an unoptimized executable coming from this C code So now the question is How do we get there? How do I would transform the windows executable into this global disassembled view with these two routines? So how do we build the box in the middle? So first there are a few things that we need to clarify that we need to have actually to disassemble The first one is that we need to so executables usually comes within executable file formats If you are on Windows, it's a P file Linux would be elf Mac or on Mac So this executable file formats they provide necessary information for the disassembler and for example If we give our windows executable to a P parser The P parser will decompose the structure of a file and provide an output First the memory mapping that is it will tell you where the bytes in the file are located in memory This mapping is usually divided into sections or segments and also it will provide us the entry point That is the address of a very first instruction executed at runtime and also some information on the architecture For which this file was compiled for in our case it for x86. It's a little Indian architecture So all this is going to be the input of the disassembler and not the raw file itself Then there are no other thing that we need we need the ability to disassemble individual machine instruction So let's call this instruction disassemblers So instruction disassemblers take in input a binary blob and they produce in output a past instruction And this past instruction usually contains the memonic Which is the assembly representation of the operation the operands register memory addresses used by the instruction and then some other information like for example What are the next instruction to execute? So for example if we take if we give 55 in extra decimal to a x86 Instruction disassembler it will tell us that it's a push and that it uses the ebp register As an operand and that the next instruction to execute is the fall through that is the instruction just following this one in memory Then if we give our four bytes to this four bytes to the arm instruction disassembler It tells us that it's a sub if not equal with two operands as your register PC register And the next instruction is also a fall through then if we take the same four bytes and give them to a MIPS instruction disassembler It tells it's another instruction So it's branch if equal to zero and there are two operands a register and an offset and as it is a conditional branch There are two possible next instruction the fall through if the condition is false Or the branch target if the condition is true so We are going to need instruction disassembler for all the architectures We want to disassemble of course and not that the instruction disassembler do not tell us anything about what the instruction is doing It's just providing a past representation. That is human readable a kind of So that for the sake of the argument in this toy example We are going to assume that we have a PE parser and we have an instruction in an x86 instruction disassembler And now we come back to the question how do we get from the windows binary to the disassemble view? so first Entreative strategy that you might think of is that we could start from the entry point because it is provided to us by the PE parser and just try to follow the code try to follow the control flow discover the routines and build their graph as we go So let's try this So here on the left are represented the input memory mapping So that's the secret exit mapped in memory The first column is the address in memory then there are the bytes located at this memory We have an arrow on the next instruction to disassemble a pointer to an accent to the next instruction to disassemble represented by the arrow and it's initially set at the entry point of the program So we start from there and we give the first few bytes to the x86 instruction disassembler It tells us that it's a push ebp so we add this new instruction to a new graph into a new block and The instruction disassembler also tell us that the next instruction to execute Should be the fall through the one following this one So we just increment the pointer and we go on we do it again another instruction We add it to the ground block the fall through is the next instruction We do it again and again, and we end up disassembling a conditional branch So g and z sound for jump if not zero, so that's a branch So we end the current block It's a conditional branch of I will be to put two possible execution path at this point So we have a choice to make we have two possible addresses to analyze next the fall through if the condition is false or the branch target So here I decided to continue analyzing the fall through So we store the target address for later analysis in a bucket at the bottom right So that's an address within this routine that we store to come back later Fast forward we analyze the fall through which is a simple instruction and at some point we end up is assembling x86 call instruction. So this instruction is usually used to implement routine calls So we have a same situation here. There are two possible addresses to analyze. There is the call target It's another routine and there is a fall through when we will eventually come back from the call So we do the same thing we continue analyzing the fall through and we store the call target for later analysis But we store it in a different bucket because it's not the same type of address. It's another routine It's not an address within this routine We do we do this assembly again, and then we end up disassembling a red instruction So red stands in x86 for return and so return to the color routine. So that's the end of the ground block So we have another address to analyze within this routine. So we go on We continue this assembling on the next address that was previously stored at the bottom right and Finally we have no more addresses to analyze we have a complete CFG So the grant graph is finished the ground control photograph is terminated and we can go on Analyzing the next routine that was previously stored So fast forward we do it all again, and then we end up with these two routines So routine one, which is which is the main actually at as two possible execution path one is calling the routine two and a routine two as a one not the graph and there is a call and then there is a XOR So I've let a few details out, but you got the ID what we have here is exactly what we expected So we produce what we expected with a simple recursive algorithm just by following the code And it seems that all the magic was in the instruction disassembler Which was providing us in particular the control flow information for each instruction So it seems that if you want to be the disassembler all you need to do have is an instruction disassembler for the particular architectures you are targeting Actually during this step-by-step disassembly we made a series of questionable assumptions, and I will now describe some of them So the first assumption we made and you probably notice it is that when we were analyzing the call instruction We assume that the call always returned to caller We continue analyzing the fall through when we are analyzing routine one We continue analyzing the fall through as if the call will eventually return to the caller But in reality there are a non-returning call and there is no need to go far to go to find an example of that Just looking at the Visual Studio C runtime code, which is statically linked in our Windows executable There are calls to APIs Terminating the application so this call never returned to the caller and the compiler knows it So what it does is put invalid code just after the call in the fall through so here you can see I in free It's a software interrupt It should never get executed and the compiler knows it so for us as disassembler writer How do we know that exit process is never returning? It's actually in that in the prototype of the routine So if you look in the full at the full prototype in the other fight there is an attribute before the classic prototype that tell us that this API never returns and Not that returning void and being non-returning are two different things Another example are infinitely looping routines and once again There's an example coming from a classic compiler code this time GCC So this routine has no way to come back to the caller because it's a no way to come back to the caller It's just infinitely looping so it's non-returning as well So now if we think a bit about this so we need to identify this non-returning calls Otherwise the CFG will be incorrect. We need to cut the blocks just after the call For the non-returning external APIs for like exit process We can identify them from their names if we have access to their full prototype somewhere with the non-returning attribute For the non-returning internal routines for example imagine a small routine a rapper just calling a non-returning API We can identify them by analyzing their graph and if the graph has no returning blocks Then it is a no returning routine and this last bit brings an interesting situation We can only know an internal routine is non-returning after having analyzed it But what if we are on the call instruction and we do not have analyzed the target yet So we do don't we do not know at this point if a target is returning or non-returning So we could stop analyzing the caller just here and go analyzing the callee first But that could be tricky because we would have to maintain the color state and then it can be difficult if there is Especially if there is a chain of calls in the callee possibly coming back to the caller So that might be difficult to do and often we do not even know where the callee is They are non-trivial call where you don't know the target and I will show you example of that later So the way we deal with that in Jeb is that for the external API's we have our own a C parser And we build what we call type libraries From compiler and SDK error files. So these type libraries they provide for all the declared Function in the header file they provide the full prototypes with the non-returning attributes We can just check for their name within the type library and we got type libraries for many major compilers and SDK For the internal routines, so we try to identify the simple cases at the time. There is a call instruction So for example, we have a very simple binary check to see if a routine is just a trampoline So a small routine going to an API So it's a trampoline to a non-returning API and if it's the case we stop analyzing at the call We don't go analyzing the code for true Otherwise, if it's a more complex internal routine, we terminate the caller analysis first Assuming the call will eventually return exactly like we did But then we analyze the callee and if you found out that the callee routine the call routine is actually non-returning We go back at the entry point of the caller and we re-analyze the caller once again So it can be tricky because the first time we analyze the caller we were missing some information We analyze a call as being returning and actually wasn't so it can be hard to undo So that's it for non-returning call and our assumption we made during the step-by-step disassembly is that we assume that the routine control photographs are distinct and When we were done analyzing routine one when we are no more addresses to analyze we consider it done like if a CFG of routine one Was terminated Actually in reality there are examples of routine sharing code and once again just in Visual Studio C runtime There is this these two routines here. So notice all the routine on the left is directly branching within the routine on the right So why is it a problem? Let's say we pass the routine on the right first. So we built control photograph It's basic blocks and Then we discover routine two we pass it and we found out that raise the branch within an existing basic block So the instruction in red here. They are shared between the two routines So now the question is do we split? Do we do sorry do we duplicate this instruction into a new block and we build a separate control photograph for routine two Or do we split the block and have a new basic block that we share between the two routines? So first to think about this we have to remember that a basic block the usual definition is that it is a series of instruction executed Successively and as such it is a super useful abstraction for later analysis because we can process basic blocks without dealing with control changes there are no control flow changes within blocks there is an exception exceptions when there are exceptions They breaks the flow within a block, but let's forget about exception for now And so if we were to duplicate the instruction that means we will duplicate the instruction for a separate graph That means at one address we will have different possible basic blocks and that would make the writing of later analysis harder because we would need To check all these blocks at the same time when we analyze when we are at a specific address So it's likely not a good idea to duplicate instructions if you want to keep the powerful mess of basic block as an abstraction So what we do in Jeb is that during the disassembly we build what we call skeletons basic blocks So this are just containers for instruction and they can be easily modified split it when we need and then once we're all Disassembly is finished. We build the final control photographs with proper basic blocks and much more information inside So that means that in Jeb and address belongs to at most one basic block and a basic basic blocks can be shared Between routines. So if we come back to the previous example in Jeb control photographs looks like this for these two routines There is a block that is shared between the two the two of them Now another assumption that we made is that is that that branch instruction immediately immediately and basic blocks So when we were analyzing the conditional branch we ended our block at this conditional branch Because that's the usual way with the thing to do with basic blocks But when there is a branch there are possible Control flow, so you cut the block at this particular location There is one iconic Coupter example of that if we look at over architectures than x86 and remember we went on to build a multi architecture disassembler So there is some MIPS code So don't need to understand the snippet I just want to focus on these two particular branches So these are conditional branches they branch if a certain condition is true Otherwise they go to a full true Now the tricky part and MIPS is that this red instruction here They will always be executed whenever the branch the previous branch is executed So even if a conditional branch is taken and go elsewhere the full true instruction is executed So that's called branch daily slots It's actually a feature of MIPS but also on spark CPU and some DSP CPU or so So the story behind the city is quite interesting as you might know more than CPUs they execute instruction within a pipeline So that means that when they execute one instruction they load at the same time another instruction from memory So there is a problem with conditional branches because the CPU doesn't know yet if the condition is true or not So we have to make a guess to load either the full true instruction or the branch target instruction So if and if a guess is wrong There is a bubble and he has to empty the pipeline basically and there is a loss of performance So to solve that in MIPS there is this daily slot the full true instruction just after a branch is always executed So they don't if I don't have any guess to make and so it's the job of a compiler to actually use this data slot and put some useful Instruction with inside so sometimes the compiler has no use of a data slot It just put an up sometimes he actually as a use for the data slot. He puts a valid instruction within The data slot so for us from a digital perspective, what does it mean? Let's focus on this particular block here. So there is a conditional branch here So we have to cut somewhere a basic block because there are two possible control flow path Remember that a basic block is a series of instruction executed Successively so that means that the daily slot belongs to the same block as the branch because it is executed with the branch But if we cut just after the daily slot that means that we have now branch instruction in the middle of basic blocks And that's basically breaking one of the most common assumption on control flow graph and basic blocks That means that is they end on branches So a first idea would be to try to avoid that to avoid that situation and find a way to to still have the branches in last position in blocks So first you might think that a cfg is just a representation So we might we can play with it. What if we simply revert the instruction order? If we do that we actually break the order of expression evaluation because the branch condition Must be evaluated first So in this example here according to the graph the v0 register which is used as the condition in the branch is no set to One thanks to the li which is the daily slot So it's no more a conditional branch if we revert the the two instructions So that's not working another idea will be okay Let's create some kind of artificial instruction that groups together the branch and the daily slot So we still have a branch in last position It's actually legal to have a branch directly coming from elsewhere on the daily slot instruction So with this representation we cannot represent that so it's not working as well So as far as I know there are no shortcuts So and that's what we do in jeb we we allow branch instruction to meet in the middle of basic blocks And that's the job of jeb instruction these assemblers to provide the number of daily slot for each branch instruction Because actually there could be more than one. I think just one daily slot instruction is just one of the features of the architecture That's the depth of the pipeline So to give you an idea There is a snippet of mip assembly and the corresponding control flow graph So you can see all the branches are now in the middle of the blocks or not in the last position of the block Another very strong assumption that we made during this step-by-step this assembly Was that we can always follow the control flow? And in particular when we were analyzing the routine call from routine one to routine two We store the target for later analysis assuming that the target was known to us In reality as I said before it's not always the case and to illustrate that Let's come back to the secret c example With a slight modification. So I introduced a function pointer at the top So it's a pointer to a function with the same prototype than secret algo And you can see in main the function pointer is set to the address of secret algo And then we call secret algo using the function pointer So it does exactly the same thing as before except that it uses a function pointer for routine call So if we take this c code and compile it with vizier studio without optimization like before and we disassemble it with our Simple algorithm that we showed at the beginning We end up with only one graph. So one routine has been discovered only and there is the graph So that's the main routine and notice how the call to secret algo is now an indirect call So it is de-referencing a memory address and calling what is stored at this address What is stored at this address is actually written at the top here So that's the address of secret algo And so the problem for our simple recursive disassembler is that it cannot follow the indirect call Because the instruction disassembler cannot find the target of the indirect call It's not in the instruction itself. It's in the state of the machine the state of the memory So we need the value stored at the de-reference address at the time the call would be executed And in this particular case we can find this value this value pretty easily just by looking at the previous instructions And we will find out that there is a Move writing at this particular address So if we assume that no other thread is going to modify the memory between the move and the call We got the final target. We got the indirect call target Is it always that easy of course not? So for a less artificial example of how to compute control flow, let's use gem tables So gem tables are used by comparers to To implement switch statement from i-level language when the case value are close to each other When there are few gaps between the case value. So for example, here is a See a switch statement with all case value from one for to 400 If we compile it with visual studio once again, and we run our disassembler we end up with this graph So we are obviously missing a lot of code here Or the case code actually So what happens is that there is a branch an indirect branch using a register in the computation of the address the ecx register And so this address here is a base address to an array of four byte addresses And the ecx register is an index into this array So the area of addresses these are the addresses of the of the code implementing each case So it means that if we want to compute the control flow for this particular routine, we have to find What are the possible values for the ecx register in particular? What we need is the maximum value such that then we can read in memory the address of the case unlers and make the connection in the graph It's doable because there is a check on the ecx just before in the block before that's actually setting a maximum value So that's just another example of how to compute control flow. There are many many cases i've could have shown But you got the idea So that brings us to the a more general question How can we find the possible values for indirect operands? That is the operands using register or memory address whose value is not in the instruction But in the state of the machine and we need it in particular for the End direct branches to have a better control flow. That is to have a better control flow. We need a better data flow We could do some pattern matching uh to solve specific cases So for example one given compiler will always use the same machine instruction to implement gem tables So we could identify that particular situation and process it with some specific processing to compute the control flow Of course, it will not scale because we would have to deal with all compiler all compiler optimization level all architectures So in the search for a more generic solution to that problem What if we could simulate the execution of routines such that we would build the machine state register and memory between each instruction So then we could solve the indirect operands just by looking at the machine state that we have built For that to be possible for the simulation of code to be possible What we need is the semantics of this instruction We need to know what each instruction is doing so that we can update the machine state As you might guess it's not always doable I will come back on this later But really the out part for this to be even possible is to have the semantics of the instruction What each machine instruction is doing and luckily enough we already have it in jeb because we need it for the decompilation So let me introduce the jeb intermediate language. It's basically a custom language So it's can be seen as a low-level imperative assembly like language So program in jeb iel is a series of assignments made of expressions And there are only 16 different elements in the language And we use this language mainly as a way to express the semantics of the native instruction to to give you an idea There is a x86 instruction It's the XOR between a register and memory slot and then there is its translation That's the semantic representation in the jeb intermediate language So all the side effects of this instruction are explicit in this representation So that's what the instruction is doing And this iel will be used during the compilation It will be optimized and most of the assignment will be removed because they are not used But let's stick with that. So we have the semantic representation here As I said, it's a foundation for the jeb decompilation pipeline Because our optimization they work on the intermediate language So they can be applied on all architectures that we want to decompile The fvev art part is to implement the native to iel converter And so we have one of them for each architecture we decompile So it's really a similar idea to compiler intermediate representation As you might know compiler they apply their optimization on intermediate representation such that the same optimization can be applied for all i level languages So that's a similar idea So we can reuse this Intermediate language and the semantic representation we have for our current disassembly control flow problem We could simulate the jeb intermediate representation to enrich the routine control flow And that's what we do. So we take each native routine and we convert it into jeb iel So the that that gives us a cfg of iel statements We've no we do not optimize it at this point because we want to be very fast And so for example, I was the first basic block in the cfg iel of the main routine in secret xe So you see all the side effects here And then we simulate this iel routine to build the machine state at each instruction So we start from a clean state with pseudo realistic values in register We allocate stack memory and then the actual simulator the implementation of the simulator is not so hard because we have only to handle the 16 different iel elements And then we use this computed machine states to solve the indirect operands and Enrich the disassembly So to give you an idea in jeb if we disassemble this secret c with function pointer the previous example Jeb is able to tell us that the indirect call is going to a specific address So we write it as a comment with the arrow and so that's another routine that will be disassembled by jeb And so the reason we solve this indirect call is because we can find out during the simulation that there is a right to this particular address just before So it might seem magic, but let's not get our hopes too high This kind of simulation cannot always work and Because the the simulation has to be safe It can only provide reliable values to the disassembly engine because otherwise would be too risky to use So to give you an idea if we take this free iel routine instruction There are two registers set to constant and then there is ecx register set to the sum of the two previous registers So the simulation works on this case It can provide us the final value for ecx register But now if we switch if we switch eax to be a value coming from memory So that's the the syntax for to read into memory Here the simulation cannot provide us for sure the value of ecx register because it cannot it cannot know What is in memory at the time eax was was a set So it has to be a safe analysis. That means we provide values For for for case where there are no unknown inputs So it can only solve simple cases But in a generic way in the sense that it works exactly the same for all the architectures for which we have native two iel converters So now we cannot always follow the control flow So do we have another way to find this secret algorithm that is somewhere in memory without any cross-reference on it And that brings us back to a very old question in program analysis how to distinguish code from data in a program just by looking at it In theory, that's a well known and tractable problem like any interesting problem So that's not really helping in practice What makes it a hard problem on most architectures is that Code and data on modern architectures Usually share the same memory space Moreover almost any series of bytes correspond to a machine instruction Due to a fact that the instruction set encoding are usually very dense very compact So they use all bytes of value. So just by looking at a few bytes, you cannot tell for sure if it's code or data But in specific context, we can divide specific solutions And to illustrate that If I show you this row dump of x86 executable compiled by visual studio And if I ask you is it code or data If you are used to reverse on windows, you might notice that these are these There are these three bytes at the beginning and uh just after so these three bytes stands in x86 for push ebp move ebp esp That's the classic visual studio routine prologue the first two instructions of all many routines compiled by visual studio Then there are two bytes here standing for pop ebp red. That's the classic visual studio routine Epilogue and then between these two prologues. There is a sled of cc bytes Standing for in free. So that's the classic visual studio padding within code So if you know the compiler, uh, you can say that it's very likely that this row dump here is code with two routines Because it follows the patterns and the structures of code compiled by visual studio. So that the basic idea And another example from a different perspective. Here is the memory view of x86 executable compiled by gcc So we already identified in memory some areas with code some areas with data And then we ask do this gray area non-analyzed area are code or data Once again, if you know the compiler it can help you answer this question because gcc for x86 Usually does not mix code and data. So that means that the top gray area is very likely code and the bottom gray area is likely data You got the idea So that's what we do in jeb we try to identify the compiler that's safe to create the target And then we apply specific heuristics for this compiler in particular to solve the code versus data question So we have a bunch of compiler identification rules And here's an example of an heuristic that we apply an unanalyzed address a will be considered to be likely code If all this is true the compiler is gcc or clown the architecture is x86 There are no obfuscation malformation So that's also a bunch of heuristics here that we have to check if there is something wrong with with a file If a is within the code area So the code area is defined as the merge of all code section or code segment depending on the file format And if all the bytes that a do not look like code padding if all this is true, it's likely that a is code Now there is an interesting design question if we use this kind of strategy How do we integrate? Such compiler specific logic into a generic disassembler So what we do in jeb is that for each compiler we load different extension and this extension they will feed the disassembler With the heuristics result So for example, there are a few of the heuristics. We have these are methods in one jeb interface So there is one method to check if memory address looks like padding Another looks like a routine product or if a specific instruction looks like a switch dispatcher So the branch instruction used by a switch statement And so the disassembler doesn't know which extensions are loaded in memory So that's the job of another component to load the suitable extension for this particular file Of course, if this will not always work our heuristics are going to be wrong It can happen because we misidentified the compiler because it's a new or old version of a compiler For which the heuristics do not apply anymore or because there are some obfuscation Our manual checks do not catch it So what we have is some kind of feedback loop We log the error we do during disassembly So for example, if we try to disassemble a series of bytes and it's actually not a valid machine instruction We log it If there is a routine that we try to build and the graph is incorrect or weird looking So we log it and we count all these errors and when a certain threshold is reached The disassemblers switch back to a safe mode when we apply only very conservative heuristics And jeb is also an interactive tool So in last resort the user can tweak tweak the disassembler decisions Another assumption we made during the step by step disassembly is that the instruction set remains always the same during the whole execution So the instruction set represent which instructions are available And what what is the encoding on this instruction? So I never said anything about that but that was taken for granted There is one iconic again control example of that if we look at another architecture of an x86 or MIPS It's on arm. So there is a snippet of arm assembly Once again, you don't need to understand the snippet. There is a there is a branch here Going to another routine A free instruction routine and so notice all the bytes of the routine on the left Follow a different patterns that the bytes of the routine on the right So on the left we got two bytes machine instruction mixed with four bytes machine instruction And then in the other routine we got only four bytes machine instruction Because actually these two are different instruction set. The first one is called tumb And it's originally it was originally designed to be a compact version of the second one Which is the arm original instruction set And so these are different instruction set sharing the same encoding space So that means that the same bytes will be decoded into different instructions Now the the tricky part is that they can be both at the same time in the same executable And so out as the cpu knows which instruction set to use In this case it will switch from term to arm thanks to a blx instruction Which sounds for branch with link and exchange instruction set So for us what does it mean? It means that the instruction disassembler must handle all possible instruction set for given architecture It also means that when we know an address is called and not data It's not enough We need to know the actual instruction set to use to disassemble at this particular address And this information can come from biosources It can be from the way the address is called for example the arm blx with an offset The way the address is referenced for example in a health file If the symbol has the least significant bit set to one it's tumb and not arm If the address has a specific alignment Etc. There are multiple hints to solve this question So in there what we do is that we allow our instruction disassembler to handle different instruction set and the generic disassembler logic update the instruction set to use in the instruction disassembler And when we have an unknown code address so we know it's code But we don't know which instruction set to use we try all of them So we do some with all instruction set at the same in parallel and we keep the best result So the best result is basically the instruction set that provides us a correct looking control photograph. So once again, that's a bunch of heuristics A final assumption we made and Is that all code matters and this assumption was not is not really the same kind of assumption But basically we are missing something in our simplistic disassembler If you remember in the secret algorithm there is this a to i library routine that is called in the graph So we are in the corresponding cfg. We have a call for this routine It's going in the same executable because this routine this library routine has been statically linked in our executable So there is a another call at the end. So actually a to i is pretty complex as a routine But it's just the standard a to i routine So that brings us to a very old problem in reverse engineering. How do we identify library routines? Such identification is first is useful because it allows the user to read documentation Of course, rather than analyzing the code in the case of a to i the documentation is quite straightforward Then it also helps the automatic analysis like the compilation by providing precise information on a routine And in particular the prototype which can be hard to guess sometimes So the compilers when they provide these library routines They provide them in their already compiled form within object files And these object files are statically linked by the linker in the executables And these object files way they come with symbols at least the routine names because the linker needs the routine names To do the linking and to know in which object which object file should be linked into an executable So that means that the usual strategy to solve this problem is to take the library object files coming With a compiler to generate signatures And then use the signatures at runtime in the disassembly to identify library routines That's what we do in jeb so our signatures they are composed of features on one side These are the characteristics of the routine that we use to identify them And then there are some attributes so that the knowledge we have on the routine the name and the labels sometimes comments And then when we generate signatures for standard libraries We select the features to be such that the signatures will be false positive free We only want to identify this particular routine and we don't allow any variation Because we want to trust the signatures very much So we use as features a custom hash computed from the routine assembly code So using the assembly code rather than the binary code allows us to be independent from the njness which can Defer on some on some b njness architecture We use also the names of the cold routine so that allows us to distinguish Two wrappers so the two routine having the same code but calling a different Routine so we use the name of this cold routine as a feature It can also be a burden to use that feature because it means that you have to match the coli routine to match the color And then we add some additional features depending on the routine size And the basic idea is that the the smaller the routine is the more features we need to avoid false positive In other words the bigger the routine the most chance the hash would be enough to identify it And as a final note when I talk about false positive in this context It means that the name given to routine does not represent the behavior So the dummy example is that we can identify unlink as remove It's not a full positive because these two routines have a similar behavior in similar circumstances and the same prototype So that's not a false positive So we got a bunch of signature libraries for All our architectures and several compilers compiler optimization level So enough with a broken assumption. What's the point i'm trying to make? First if we sum up what we did we successfully disassemble the windows executable secret xy with a simplistic recursive algorithm But we made a lot of assumptions on the way And then we showed that these assumptions can be broken just by looking at standard compiler code And I've never said anything about obfuscation protection packers All the examples I've shown came from a classic compiler code And if you are a reverser you probably have in mind a tons of our broken assumption We made during the step-by-step disassembly like for example instructions to not overlap code doesn't modify itself So that's actually the way many obfuscation techniques work. They break the assumptions made by analysis tools So a first pessimistic conclusion will be that there is no such thing as a disassembler able to correctly disassemble all programs for all architectures and compilers And the intuitive idea I was trying to show is that there are actually very few assumptions that are Holding true on so many diverse programs And if you are an academic you could make the connection here with the halting problem and its generalization the rise theorem Which basically says that there is no interesting properties on program behavior that you can decide Now we cannot disassemble correctly all programs But we might still be able to do okay on a subset of them. That was I was trying to show with the compiler heuristics What we can do is try to understand the universe of program that we will try to disassemble And we can do it by dividing this universe into groups With the two following properties There exist reliable ways to check if a program belongs to a group And an interesting group has non trivial assumptions that are true for the old group That's exactly the idea of compiler specific heuristics, but you can be much more You can refine that a specific compiler with a specific i level language a specific runtime And then there is a group with some assumption that you know are true for this group And when a program does not belong to a non group, we just apply very conservative assumptions And what we want is really to avoid the common disassembler mistakes So the worst mistake a disassembler can do is to disassemble data because it has some kind of domino effect It can work as I said before the encoding is is built in such a way that it can actually work And it will have a domino effect by creating wrong cross references wrong branches And it will be hard to undo Then there are code considered as data that's also a mistake and it's misleading for the user And finally we want to avoid missing code and data So this process of building knowledge of the program universe Will be uh is easier if a disassembler is coded in an informative way That is it explicitly reports when there is an assumption that is broken So no no silent fail no else missing and then the disassembler can help the developer map the program universe by identifying as we go New corner cases so every time we open a new binary in jeb We got we can have an exception as developer saying telling us that there is a corner case And as we analyze new programs every day, it's it's kind of it's kind of Cool to have this ability and then of course we have to test your disassembler aggressively and on diverse sample set So the diversity of sample set is kind of tricky to achieve Because most available executables you will find on the internet You don't know the exact compiler version. You don't know the optimization level So it's hard to classify in which group that would belong so you have to do some a lot of compilation by yourself And and then so you can obtain the ground truth to make the test from the symbols if you compile by yourself Or also you can use already compiled binaries and just do some differential testing So you compare the output of your tool with other tools and we do it a lot in jeb We compare with other disassemblers or results And finally something that is needed given this context of Not able to disassemble all program We have to empower the user to provide them the ability to review and tweak the assumptions made by disassembler Such that they can adapt the assumption for their particular cases So that means that as developer you have to explicitly say I made an assumption here and I resisted the assumption And of course if there is a ui the user should have the ability to fix the mistake during the analysis their cells So hopefully this presentation convinced you if it was needed that this assembly remains a complex problem And you might think that as there are new compiler version coming out new languages that the problem Comes becomes worse and worse. Actually, there are many novel anti-exploitation techniques that tend to make this assembly easier In particular because they provide hints to distinguish code versus data So for example, elf executables segments all the code is put in one specific segment Microsoft control for guard provide all routine entry points So in the metadata of a file intel control flow enforcement technology But specific instruction at at the routine entry point. So all these provide hints to help these assemblers So that could be so that's why this assembler becomes easier and easier So thank you very much for your attention. If you have any question, of course, I will try to answer them Thank you

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Gregory Omondi: Improving quality of newborn care

Gregory Omondi talks about his interest in research while highlighting the work he does at the KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme. He works on Health Systems Research - Improving quality of new-born services in Kenyan health facilities. His main area is on ergonomics that unpack the complex tasks performed by nurses in the newborn units.

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My name is Gregorio Mundi and I am currently based at Cambridge Wellcome Trust in the Nairobi office. How I got involved in research was during my undergraduate training, undertaking the Bachelor of Science in Nursing Studies at the University of Nairobi. In my second year, one of my professors introduced me to some of the research activities that were taking place in the university, specifically research that was around conducting, trying to find out how we can find vaccine for HIV-AIDS. And I thought I was very interesting so I got involved in that and I became a peer leader at Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and I started talking to my colleagues and trying to encourage them to get involved more in research and went on to take on responsibilities in community engagement programs and trying to recruit people from the community to take part in the various studies in the program as well. So that sort of found the basis, a strong basis for me to take on research activity going forward. So I took on other responsibilities mainly in research as well, cutting across from non-communicable to communicable diseases as well and recently in health systems research where I am currently working on health systems and trying to look at improving services and quality of services that new ones get in Kenyan health facilities. This work involves mainly talking to the nurses and trying to find out the work that they do while caring for sick new ones, how much time they spend while doing that work and the opinions on the criticality and difficulty levels of the work that they do. And also how often they get to do or not get to do some activities given the nature of those settings and understanding this information in context helps to try and come up with ways to improve care delivery to sick new ones so that they get quality care even given the limited nature, limited resource nature of those settings. And the work that I am currently involved in specifically in some of the findings that we have come up with have been very helpful is trying to look at how nurses do certain specific tasks in the neonatal setting and the methods that we are using are predominantly used in nuclear power generation and oil and gas and it's very interesting to employ those methods in neonatal research and find out more details or insights into how tasks are done. So these are called human factors economics or simply economics methods and they really help to unpack the complex nature of tasks that nurses do while caring for sick new ones and if you delve deeper into these tasks then you are able to redesign the way nurses do their work or even shift or share some tasks so that to find ways to make these nurses provide quality care to the new ones. So we are trying to look at aspects of task shifting and task sharing and economics methods are very helpful in trying to understand this task specifically and try to highlight issues of safety and quality while sharing or shifting tasks. And this research is important because if you are able to share or shift tasks then the few nurses that are available are able to concentrate on more skilled work or work or tasks that require higher skilled levels that are also closely linked to better patient outcomes so that we can eventually reduce the neonatal mortality levels. And I think for those who are looking to get into research I mean research is a very interesting area ever since I was introduced to it I've been doing it and you get to see your work and how it impacts the world even in a very small context and that is really fulfilling.

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"The Green New Deal: A Public Assembly"—remarks by NY-14 representative, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez

On Sunday, November 17, 2019, at the Queens Museum in US Congressional District NY-14, “The Green New Deal: A Public Assembly” gathered a wide array of advocates, organizers, and elected officials to explore the GND’s relationship to society, policy, and the built environment. The representative from NY-14, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, joined with a pre-recorded video, responding to three questions posed to all event participants by the organizers: the Queens Museum, the American Institute of Architects New York (AIA New York), The Architecture Lobby, Francisco J. Casablanca (¿Quién Nos Representa?), Gabriel Hernández Solano (GND Organizer), and the Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of American Architecture at Columbia University. Event design by Partner & Partners. For more information, visit: https://power.buellcenter.columbia.edu/events/783.

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Hello everyone, thank you for attending the Green New Deal Public Assembly, special thanks to our partner hosts at the Queens Museum right here in New York's 14th Congressional District and Columbia University. I'm so excited that we're here talking today about the Green New Deal. And I think as we go through our conversations today, it's important to remember that ultimately the Green New Deal is centered on three core principles. The first is the full decarbonization of the U.S. economy. We are the precipice of the climate crisis and in order for us to do that we need to mobilize our entire economy. So that's the core principle. The second core principle is a just transition for all frontline communities and that just transition allows us to center the most impacted communities in the climate crisis and address issues of environmental injustice. And the third, of course, is to create millions of jobs in the process. Historically, people, frankly, lots of folks from the fossil fuel industry have tried to make environmental legislation anti-economic stimulus and anti-jobs legislation. We're here to reject that paradigm outright and to show that in order to decarbonize our community we can infuse and center justice for the most impacted while creating millions of jobs in the United States of America. So from housing to energy policy, all of this is possible, we just need to create the policy to do it. How can the Green New Deal justly eliminate the use of fossil fuels? So one of the core principles of the Green New Deal, as I had mentioned, is the just transition. What a just transition does is that it brings in and centers the folks that would be impacted economically or otherwise by a given policy. And so what that means for us is that when we first proposed the Green New Deal, some of the first meetings that we took were with coal miners in order to figure out how we were going to transition these communities and make sure that the jobs that are created are not just created in cities, but that they're also created in rural communities that really stand to lose in industry if we transitioned away from coal. And some of the conclusions that we got from that, for example, was to include in the Green New Deal the fully funded pensions of coal miners, for which frankly big coal was actually trying to fight against. So it is entirely possible for us to create a just transition for those that would be economically impacted. How can the Green New Deal meaningfully avoid green gentrification? This is a really important question because historically, and this aligns with how economic injustice has been stratified where the dirtiest and most polluted communities have been the poorest and the greenest, most energy and efficient communities have been the richest. And what the Green New Deal seeks to do is to say that decarbonized buildings are not a luxury, but they are frankly part of our view of health and health care as being right. Nobody should be able to, no one should be subjecting their child to higher asthma rates or even being exposed to lead exposure or cancer just because they are lower income. So what we do here is that we center, going back to our principles of centering frontline communities, we bring in folks from these communities to design solutions for themselves. And this is evident especially in our most recent proposal this week with the Green New Deal for public housing, where public housing residents along with experts and scientists were able to come together and develop a transformational policy that centers public housing residents without displacing public housing residents. How can the Green New Deal equitably include frontline communities, workers and non-U.S. citizens? You know, this is another great question. One of the reasons that we're so excited about the Green New Deal is because this is exactly who the Green New Deal is creating economic opportunities for. It's for the working class of the United States and because we're rooted in principles of universality, which means no ifs, ands or buts in terms of who is included in our policy. We include absolutely everyone and quite recently in September, October, we introduced our Just Society legislation, which is also rooted in principles of universality, which means the systems that we're going to create and the systems that we advocate for, whether it's a federal jobs guarantee or whether it's Medicare for all, we are not adding any asterisks. If you are in the United States, you will be part of the prosperity that we're creating together. Can you give us a few concluding thoughts? You know, I think one of the things that's so important that we remember about the Green New Deal is that this is movement based public policy. And what movement based public policy means is that no one person has all the answers, myself included. And so what that means is that when we talk about the full decarbonization of the United States economy, every single person has a seat at the table and is capable of pushing and leading transformational change in any given sector of the economy. So I would just say, don't be afraid to step up and to step in, whether you're passionate about regenerative agriculture, as some of our colleagues from Maine and other agricultural communities are passionate about, whether you're passionate about energy policy, housing, healthcare policy and low carbon work like childcare, which our economy is starting to transition largely to, please feel free to step up and play a role. We will build a Green New Deal together and it's not just about any one person, but all of us contributing to public policy.

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Parasocial [Part 1]

Another game from the creator of "The Closing Shift", already shaping up to be scarier than the last game! Music: DJ Quads - Fun Time Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/illumiloni/ Tik Tok: https://www.tiktok.com/@illumiloni?lang=en Got something you'd like to see me draw? A question you'd like to ask? Put it down in the comment section below :D

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Hello everybody, welcome back to another universal video. So today I'm gonna be playing a game by the same guy that made Chila's coffee. But this time, apparently, I haven't seen a whole lot of content on this. I did get the idea from seeing a thumbnail from Cub Scout and I was like, I love Chila's art. And so I decided to pick this game up because it's about, I believe a YouTuber that just seems so apt and also it's Chila's art, so. And this time, I promise I will try to be more vigilant. I will give it, I will give it my best attempt and I'll really use my eyes. It's gonna be great. You know, this is gonna be a really good time. So yeah, let's get started. Hello? The alarm is ringing. 1930, wait, what is that? 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, five, six, seven. 730 in the morning? I start streaming at 730 in the morning. Sorry, I'm not a streamer, I'm just a YouTuber. Okay, space, enter. Okay, enter does nothing so far. Have a new message. Asuka, the Nikojaga I made is in the fridge so heat it up and eat it. Okay. Editing me, what is Nikojaga? Am I saying it right? Thank you, editing me. Eat the Nikojaga made by Asuka. What is that? It's a little bear just watching me. It's an odd thing to choose to put underneath there. There's not more things you need to store. Okay, anyways. Oh, motion sickness, question mark? Let's take it slow. Make it easier on myself, rich, cold, microwave. Oh, this one's so intuitive. This will be helpful and nice. Those bell peppers, beef or onions bell peppers, beef? I can't really tell. I guess we're eating it though. I guess we inhaled it. Oh, look it, we're a VTuber? We got a cute little V-Sona. I don't know what you call a persona for a VTuber. Look at our little setup, how cute. Oh my God, can I see what I look like? Oh no, there's a closet here. That's giving me bad vibes. Yeah, something's gonna be in there later. I can feel it. Okay, let's go ahead and sit at our cute little desk. Make sure before stream, run virtual me. Have a game ready, hit stream. Okay, virtual me I'm assuming is the thing where we do with the VTuber. Oh, look it, that's me. Hey, I saw that, I hate that. I hate, this is why if you're gonna have a camera, you need to have it closer to the wall so nothing can spook you. I'm not following my own rules right now and I also have a closet behind me. No matter how many times I look at it, my avatar is too cute. It was worth the money. Senranina is a great name too. Let's enjoy streaming today. Aim for 10,000 subscribers. Ooh girl, you're ambitious. You go girl, shit. Oh, and then we have to have a game open and then we hit stream, okay. If I remember correctly, this game has no saves. This sucks. Great, am I gonna have to play it? Let's stream. I'll do my best today. All we need to do is deliver these two pieces of paper. I hope I can clear this today. This might be a problem, it's a horror game. Only a bit to go, I can't read that name. I love Nina said, oh, well that must be my stalker because I'm Nina, right? What does this danger mean? I can't click it. This is so fucking slow. 702 viewers are watching me crawl across this fucking space right here. Wow, they must really like walking simulator. Okay, I can't go that way. My goodness. You know, this is not very vigilance of me. Oh my God, this is insufferably slow. You know, I followed the little red creature and video game logic says that if you follow danger that you'll find what you need. Okay, you know, I guess we're gonna walk away from there. Yeah, this is fine. We're gonna die. Oh my God, what is happening? Yeah, no shit, I can't see though. Oh my God, you know what? Don't get caught here. Ooh, bop, bop, bop, bop, I hear noises. You know, this red text is not getting any better no matter where I go. So I'm gonna walk closer. We're gonna see what happens. You know what? Maybe it's where we need to go. Always don't do what you think is right. Yeah, yeah, cool. Okay, look it, we're golden. See those? Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, don't worry about it. I would lose motivation. Fuck you, Lone, LMAO. Oh, that scared the shit out of me. Okay, I died, no. What am I supposed to do here? Can I get some fucking instructions? No saves is too cruel. This game is not suited for me. Do you have any other recommendations? I should sound like a YouTuber, huh? If you'd be interested, try this, newgames.io, Nina Games, ooh, that's my name. For a game only for Senra Nina, the plan is to update the game for every stream. Hope you enjoy it. This is fucking reeking of red flags. This is reeking of red flags. It could be a virus. It could be an IP grabber. Why would we click a link midstream? We have no idea what it is. That says it's specifically for me. Okay, yeah, sure. Amazing though how what I was supposed to do was die. So that's, you know, we're making great progress here. Let's take a look. Ah, new game site. It's a site that I always use. Let's try this game. So like new grounds, a new game has been installed. Oh, can you get out? Maybe check the entrance. How the fuck do I turn? Ew, oh boy, oh boy. Oh, what the fuck is in there? Is this my room? Oh, I hate the noises in this. Ah, here we go. Was there a number somewhere? Oh, four colors. Looks pretty easy to understand. Find the numbers. Okay, well, thank you for guiding me, dear viewers. Oh, okay, blue seven, five was red. I can't fucking move. This is so inconvenient. Yes, I checked the sliding doors, girl. The garbage bag at the back of the room. What the fuck? See, I feel like I'm letting my viewers down right now because I can't navigate this. Oh, green four, so five, seven, four. I believe there's supposed to be something right here. God, I know they said there was one on the trash bag. What are they talking about? What, you know, what color am I looking for? It would probably be great help. Oh, yellow, okay. So it's five, seven, blank four. What the fuck trash bag is it talking about? Ooh, besties, I'm about to lose my marbles. You know what? We're just gonna try combinations. That's what we're gonna do. It's gotta be one of those numbers. Five, seven, one, four, five, seven, two, four, five, seven, three, four, five, seven, three, four. Don't know where the fuck that three was. Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa. I cleared it. It was somewhat scary. There's a continuation, right? Custom mark, custom mark. What? What do you mean face? Oh no, oh no. Let's show your face more. That was horrifying. If I had left my volume up like I wanted to, that would have blown my eardrums out because that scared the fuck out of me. That was loud. Oh my God. Oh boy. I'm telling you, it was a fucking IP grabber. Unknown. Keep streaming the games I sent. Otherwise bad things will happen. See, I'm not gonna say I told you so. I won't. User is not in your friend list. Please be cautious. Otherwise bad things will happen. Blocked. Ooh, that's bold. He knew some things about us, so this is bad. My face got exposed during the stream. I also got a strange message from someone. What should I do? I'm scared. That's not good, I'm sorry, but I'm at work and can't talk right now. Can we meet tomorrow? I'll hear you out in person tomorrow. Don't overthink it. Yeah, thanks. Okay, well, somebody's at my door. Dislike that. I feel like I know who it's gonna be and I don't wanna answer it. Oh yeah, people. Oh, did we leave? Okay. No, we did not. Oh no. I'm always watching over you. We're moving. We're packing it up. We're moving. I'm a fucking streamer, right? I am making money. Look at all those viewers. I don't know how much that equates to. I'm not a streamer. What the fuck? This is actually, oh my God. It's so much darker than the coffee shop one and I don't know why that's like, like this is just so much more scary to me. I think because internet stalking is so fucking scary to me. That motherfucker found your IP address. What are they capable of? Okay, anyways, congrats on always watching me bestie. Close that bitch. Yeah, I think he was, I hate the noises. But yeah, I think he was already, the motherfucker was in my house. Is that why I saw the closet door behind me closing? Oh, did I fall asleep on my desk? Alarm is ringing. Kind of clock, trash pickup day. Unknown. There's no use blocking me. Just listen to what I say. Trash can? Okay, do I really have to walk outside? Be so fucking through with me right now. I'm letting that shit pile up. I don't give a shit. Oh, we got an inventory like last time. There's a trash can over here. Multiple. You know, I'm trying to gather the trash. I am clicking things that are necessary to gather trash, this fucking game. Where would I possibly click? Okay, be intuitive. Look at things around you. We could do this. Okay, so that's not what we do. How about right here? Nope, already did that. Okay, you know, oh, you know what? Do I throw it in there? Yeah, okay, maybe here. Yeah, nice. Trash can? Trash can? Got a trash can for me? Can we stay in our room for the rest of our lives? Nobody better be in this fucking house. My shoes. They look like bowling shoes. Nar. Nar. Oh look, you can see the little trash bag floating above my head. That's so cute. Let's go throw this out. Amazing. No, I don't want to take it to the pickup area. Do I need to put on my shoes? Are we gonna walk around barefoot? Sure. Ooh, thank God, it's a sunny day. I live in a nice little apartment. You know, if I wasn't being stalked regularly, close this bitch. Nobody better come inside my house while I'm gone. Wow, what a view. I really wish there wasn't a guy stalking me right now because this is prime real estate. Streamer money must be going crazy. First floor. Ooh, I hate elevators. Hi. Did he just shit himself? Yeah, man, consider not watching me though. What is this? No way. Five, seven, three, four. Is that what just fucking opened the door right now? You know, I can't tell because I did just click it before I even considered opening the door. So, hi, hi, who are you? Good morning. You look like you want to ask, why is a policeman doing something like this in the middle of the day? I'm just volunteering. My station happens to be nearby so I thought I'd pick up some trash while I'm at it. Aw, what a guy. Oh, judging by your trash bag, today's your trash collection days in it. Why are his eyes glowing? I think you have jaundice, dude. I see you live in this condo. Do you live alone? No. No. Why would a policeman be? No. No, I don't live alone. Is that so? Nevertheless, please be careful. Anything could happen, especially to a young lady like you. Please be sure to come to this station nearby. We'll hear you out. Yeah, yeah. I don't know if I should have answered that. Okay, well, you know, where's my trash? Why the fuck did he ask me that? Why the hell would a policeman be picking trash? That's what I, oh, hi. Oh, can I start boxing you right now? What's up with that freaky smile you got on your face? Yeah, I can hear you breathing. Maybe like take some allergy pills or something. Hey, bink, bink, bink. Stop fucking looking at me like that. Yeah, throw you if I could trash away, you bastard. And the cop is gone. Okay, let's go back inside. Oh, I think this is where I have to punch in the code now. Okay, so five, seven, three, Okay, did it open that? Cause I thought I heard it open before. I'm just, you know what? I'm gonna go ahead and take it on a limb here. He probably knows my building code. Shit, what floor was I on? Oh, it's telling us we're on eight. This one's telling me a lot of good stuff. I'm almost there. I'll go to your entrance. So wait in the house. Thank you, Asuka. I would actually prefer waiting outside where there's public stuff happening and not going to my house cause clearly he knows where they live. Also, I keep hearing scary noises in here. Okay, well, you know, I'm waiting. I'm waiting. Asuka, I'm here. Yes, girl. Come in, please. I think it's actually gonna look like Asuka Asuka. I've never seen me on Genesis Evangelion. That's not anime Asuka. That is my bestie. Come on in. The place is clean. I'm here. You okay? Did you sleep at all? You don't look too good. We'll talk later. It's probably better for us to see the sun right now. Tell me she didn't just leave after seeing I was sad. Ooh, hi. Is that, is this my bestie? Oh my God, the worker becomes the customer. I will say it was not this populated when I used to work here. Like there was not this many people here. Oh, they took off the wall thing too. Poded man. Can you imagine if this is like the stalker for the other girl? Like there's just stalkers abound in this universe. That's me. That was me. Looking confused while I make my drinks. That is very lore accurate. Hi, you were a fucking bastard if I remember correctly. Also your face is much more well rendered this time around. Welcome. I'll be happy to take your order. Let's get a hot coffees we're easy to make. I'll get a hot coffee. Would that be all? Yes. Please grab your order from the counter on the right. Finished ordering. I'm still debating what to order. Could you hang around a bit until I decide? Yeah, girl, I got you. Hmm, I don't know what that is, but that right there, that looks divine. I want whatever that is. Have we decided yet? Oh, hey, Mayumi and her and what the, is this the girl with the senpires? This the girls that were like insulting each other. It's been a while. How have you been? It's been since high school graduation, right? How are things going? Oh yeah, it is the girls. How cute. Been a long time. Too bad we couldn't go to the same college. We were always together in our high school days. I'm really flies. Lately, I've been trying my best to learn from my seniors at work. How about you, Mayumi? Yeah, work's been fine for me as well. Actually, I've been eyeing someone. He's my colleague, both handsome and hardworking. He said he liked skinny girls. Oh, really? But you're eating all of that? Oh, once a hater, always a hater. Yep, I'm in the mood for sweets. So I'm seeing that you're trying to convince the guy to like the real you. Oh, not really. I do wanna be his ideal woman. Then you should stop. But that's different from this. It's not different. You're gonna gain weight. I'll be fine. A biter too won't make me fat. Hey, you're already fat I can't stand you gaining even more. What fucking steak do you have in this girl? God, that's crazy. Let her live her goddamn life, please. I'm begging you. Does our bestie have an order yet? Girl, are we just supposed to walk around and like see what everybody else has going on here? Er, Hasakusan. Where have you gone? You haven't finished teaching me yet. I can't go on without you, Hasakusan. Oh, is this a colleague of the detective? There's still so much to learn. Why? Damn, bro is going through it in the chill as coffee. Hey, but wait, does that mean that, if she's right there, does that mean that I lived in the last game? Maybe that means I lived. And you? Excuse me, young lady. Good evening. I'd like to ask you a quick question. Is that person over there your friend? Yes. That's good to hear. I happen to be quite a fan of the coffee they serve here, but the taste tends to change before something is about to happen. He is the oracle of coffee. That is a frightening notion. He began to taste off again. Oh, I can't help but find him suspicious. He is, he's like a fortune teller. That's kind of crazy. No matter how safe Japan may be, not everyone is in the right mind. So we must not let our guard down. Yes, sir. I have a feeling we'll meet again. Until then, take care. Oh, I have to go grab my order. You know, he looks like a jolly man. I still don't know if I trust him. He could just be using the easy pickings of the guy with the hood, so my hot coffee. Came in a little mug today. You said your face got exposed during a stream. What happened? My avatar was removed before I knew it. How's that even possible? Have you checked for viruses? I did and I found nothing. Is that so? Is it possible that your PC got hacked? That's what I think. Do you remember what you did during your stream? I played a video game a viewer sent to me. That has to be it. They may be your fans, but you don't know who they are at the end of the day. You can't open random files like that. That's what I'm saying. That is what I am saying. Don't play that game anymore, yeah? Yeah, about that. It's not that simple, is it? What happened? I received a threat message after ending the stream. He told me to keep streaming the game. So that's what you meant by a strange message. Asuka, turn around, that's him. Asuka, turn around, he's got a matcha cake. Asuka, turn around. Asuka, turn around, he's right there. Asuka's not turning around. So that's what you meant by strange message. That's terrifying. Ignoring it might make things worse. If the game itself seems okay, it may be better to continue streaming it. I don't think that's wise. I honestly, I don't think it's wise to keep streaming it. Who would do such a thing? One thing I can say is, viewers are all people you've never met, so there's no way of knowing what they're thinking. That's true. Either way, you won't be in that much trouble just because some fans saw your face, right? What's the worst that could happen? That sounds like a bad omen. Your house has auto lock doors too, so security seems great. Yeah, about that. Somebody was in my fucking closet. How'd they got in? I don't know. Don't think too much about it. I guess so. There's no use over thinking what's already happened, right? Oh, by the way, didn't you say you broke up with your boyfriend? Asuka, Asuka, out, he's right there. Why did you? Sorry if I'm being insensitive. Like, should I answer that? He's fucking watching my stream. All I'm saying is, if I saw this in real life and I'm having a conversation with a real girl, there's like, there's girl code for this. Like, obviously we're not gonna just sit there. We're gonna probably do something, like walk away. Like, at the very least, she's gonna attempt to protect me, usually. Yeah, I'm gonna go dot, dot, dot. It's okay if you don't wanna talk about it. Yeah, well, I kinda wanna know, but I don't want him to know. I don't really wanna talk about it. Sorry, my bad. Sorry, Asuka. I had to do this one. Well, if there's ever anything else, you can let me know. Dot, dot, dot. Ew. Well, then, shall we get going? Shall we look behind us? Huh? What's wrong? Behind you? Behind? What happened? Don't scare me like that. I'm getting the creeps. Let's go home. No. We tell the girl. No. I think this is a good place to stop. It was great talking to you. Call me again any time, okay? See you later then. See if we just stand here. We'll let us in. Oh, it just, it opens if we click the button. It's too quiet. It's too quiet. Oh! Asuka, have we not heard the rule that we make sure they get inside first? She is not following girl code. I swear to God. Wait, you know what? Let's press. No, it's not gonna let us. See, usually we would like get off on a different floor. But I mean, he's already following us home, so he's gotta know something. Get, okay. Oh my God. Beautiful city at night. Thank you. Okay, 1930 stream, 730 stream. He's gonna be there. Okay. I actually have to go somewhere right now so I actually cannot stay here to keep playing. That motion sickness though. This video game is a lot better about motion sickness, which is great. This is awesome. Also the vibe terrifying. That game sucks. That computer game sucks. That computer game angers me. That's okay. We're gonna play it. It's a great vibe. It's a lot creepier than the last one I think. And then October is coming up actually. Wait, pause. Hold on. October is coming up soon. I gotta plan something for October. It's September. It's like the beginning of spooky season. So yeah, if you guys have any games that you want me to play for spooky season, if you have anything you'd like me to talk about, similar to the vein of like how I did last year when I went over some spooky games cause those are really scary. I could even do more of those if you guys wanted cause I really love those. And thank you guys so much for watching. Hope you guys have a great day. Bye.

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MAT307 Lec 5 2013 09 16 Matrix algebra, determinants

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Are there any, so I don't know, I know at least one person tried to watch the video for the last time and noticed that there wasn't a lot of math in it because I had a little problem with the camera. So, you're welcome to watch it. It's a bunch of guys, it's two guys playing. Any questions or things that I should address before I go on? No? Everybody's good with everything? So, there's a homework assignment that's due Wednesday and you shouldn't have problems with it. You should collect them in an algorithm that has recitation, which is upstairs here if you weren't here last week. Okay, so let's pick up roughly where we were. So, this might be our last, that's not right. We were talking about if I have an matrix A, B, a vector V, two four. Then the product I get by taking this times this plus this times that, 16 is some number, I guess it's 10, 22. And more generally, this is just abstracting the idea of writing linear equations as products of the coefficients and the variables as a column vector. And then we can generalize if we have two matrices A and B and their product I think of taking the matrix A just here and thinking of B, so B consists of thinking of it as column vectors B1, B2, up to B, I don't know, K. And I just do this for each of the column vectors. So, and I get the answer. So that would mean that if I did something like 1, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3 times the matrix 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 0. And this would be, I take 1, 0, 2 and dot it with 1, 4, 0. So that would just be 1 plus 0 plus 0 here. And then similarly here, it'll be 1, so it'll be 2 plus 0 plus 2 here. And then here it'll be 3 plus 0 plus 0. And so I guess I might go just do the other one, right? 4 plus 4 plus 0, 8 plus 5 plus 3, 12 plus 6. It'll be that resulting matrix, whatever the heck it is, right? Any confusion on this? Everybody's good with this? So, notice that if we think of this guy as generalizing 3x plus 2y and 5x minus 4y is the same thing as saying 3, 2, 5, 8, 4 times x, y, then here we're doing a similar thing. We're saying here one of these, none of those and two of those is whatever the heck this is, this is, and so on, right? We're just taking linear, this is just saying linear combinations of these three vectors, of those three vectors as describing for me some kind of equations. So this is really, so a matrix is just a short way of writing linear combinations and this stuff is going to be like equations like this. I am writing 3x plus 2y without writing the x's and the y's. Now, linear combinations of stuff is another way of writing a function. The variables are linear, they have power 1 and the coefficients are numbers. It's a linear function on higher dimensions, higher is how many rows of columns tell me the number of variables in the number of variables count. Does this make sense? It's just stuff. But this is important because we're, I mean maybe you don't see this at this point but this will keep coming back in this place. We think of really this matrix not necessarily as being this calculational object but it really represents a transformation. This is telling me a way to combine three numbers to get to. The way of telling me that I take x plus no y's plus 2z's and that gives me my new x and 4x's plus 2y's plus 1y plus 3z's gives me my new y. So this is really a function from three, this matrix represents a kind of a function from three variables into two variables. Put that aside for a little while. Okay, so we know how to multiply matrices together. We know how to scale them by just multiplying everything by a constant. So we can do stuff with it. So for example, if I write a polynomial, so since I can multiply so for square matrices, n by n matrix, it makes sense saying a square is just a times a. And a cubed is just a times a times a. That's all. So I can talk about the square or the cube or the tenth power of a matrix. And similarly, 3a is either a plus a plus a, which is the same thing as the matrix consisting of three times each of the... Yeah? If you have like a cubed, that's going from left to right. This is not going to be a cube. Well, if you're multiplying a matrix, so one should check that the order doesn't matter here because it's the same a. So one has to check that this is a times a squared, which is the same as a squared times a. You have to check this, but it's true. So a matrix always commutes with its own powers. So one has to check that, but it's true. But if I'm doing a, b, that's not necessarily the same as b. And b are the same, but it's true. So this makes sense if I want to talk about 3 times the matrix 1, 2, 3, 4. And this is just the matrix 3, 6, 9, 12. So I can talk about 3a as well. And last time we also talked about a special matrix 0, or O, which is the matrix consisting of all zeros. It's aij where aij is always 0. And then we have the identity matrix, which is the matrix, again aij with the property that aij is 0 if i is not j and aij is 1 if i is j. Which is the matrix that has ones down the diagonals and zero everywhere else. If the row and column are the same, then it's 1. And if the row and column are different, it's 0. And last time, I believe last time, or maybe it's just obvious to see that if I take a times the identity matrix, I get a back. Because when I dot the first entry with the first column, the answer is the first column. When I dot the second entry, this guy with the second column, I get no first columns, the entire second column, and none of the other columns and so on. So if I take the product a times a, I get a back, and also this is the same as i times a. And similarly, a times the zero matrix is the zero matrix, which is zero times a. But also a plus the zero matrix is a. So now I want to specialize the square matrices. And if I, so something like 3a squared plus 2a minus the identity, this is something we can calculate. If I had a matrix, we can calculate it square. We can multiply it by 3. You can take twice it and add it on there. And we can subtract. So this makes sense. I don't know if it's any good, but I mean I do know. But it makes sense. So in general, if we have some polynomial, we can actually calculate, even though this doesn't seem to make sense, p of a matrix. We can define this to be whatever happens when I replace a by that matrix and do the calculation. So for any square matrix, the polynomial applied to that matrix makes sense. What it means, I don't know, but I'm not telling you. But it's a thing. We can do it. Yeah? You add like 3a squared plus 2x plus 7. Yes. So if I put a 7 here, that would be a problem on this. So we replace the 1 here with the identity. The generalization is the powers of x's become powers of a. And we think of this as x to the 0, which is the identity matrix. Yeah? Can we do cross-multiply? Say again? Can we do cross-multiply? What does cross-multiply mean in this context? We can foil it out. Is that what you mean? We can factor it? Yeah. So maybe we can factor it. We can. Certainly if I want to think of a plus the identity squared, I can do this just like a polynomial, where this will be a squared plus 2a plus the identity. So that, sure. And I can certainly make sense of a plus the identity and a minus the identity, and see that that is in fact a squared minus the identity. So those kinds of things work. But something like a plus the identity over a necessarily makes sense. I can multiply, but I haven't made sense of division. And in fact division won't always work. It will only sometimes work. Right? Just like you can't divide by 0, there are certain matrices that we can't divide by. So that's something we have to work on. Is whether we can make sense of doing division. So here I can say a plus i times a minus i equals a squared minus i. But maybe a squared minus i over a plus i isn't defined. Well maybe it is. Because I don't know what divide means. Right? So divide was easy to define. But we never defined dividing. So that's something. Does that exist in the matrix at all? Is there a matrix in it? Sure. For some of the matrices, but not for all of the matrices. So I want to put that aside for a minute, but I'm going to talk about it in a couple of minutes. So, and then here, so I want to, I can just stay here. So we can do that. Another thing that is not so useful in this class, but is extremely useful in differential equations, is not just for polynomials, but we can think of infinite series. So for example, we know that e to the x is 1 plus x plus x squared over 2 plus x cubed over 3 factorial plus that infinite series, which is the sum of x to the n over n factorial from n equals 0 to infinity. And we can define, if it makes sense, so this is actually the limit as big n goes to infinity of the sum i equals 0 to infinity of x to the little n over n factorial. So this is a limit of polynomials, a higher and higher degree, as we let the degree go to infinity, added up in this way. So I claim that this makes sense. For a matrix, I can take e to the matrix power, which I mean, certainly this is 1 plus a 1 half a squared plus 1 6 a cubed. Certainly, if I stop this somewhere, it's a well-defined thing. If this limit exists, which is maybe a little work to show, I'm not going to do it. This is not a 1, this is a 5. Yeah. Well, a has to be, well, here this is 0 because a is a constant, but I could think of a matrix which has variables in the entries. And I can make sense of, I'm not going to just now, but we can make sense of the derivative. But there's lots of derivatives. Because, I mean, certainly I could make sense of, and I'll just stay over here for a minute, I could define, for example, a of x is 2x squared 3 fourth. I could make that function. And then I could try and make sense of d dx of a of x. And not surprisingly, well, what should this be if this is going to be something? This should be the limit as h goes to 0 of a of x plus h minus a of x divided by the standard h. Well, this is going to be fine. This is going to be, well, all of these guys are just going to add to each other in just nice ways, divided by h. Nothing fancy there. So this is just going to be 4x1 4xq. So that makes sense. What we haven't covered is if I have x, y, c, w, and I want to talk about the derivative of that, with respect to what? What's my derivative? So I have lots of derivatives here. So it can get more complicated if we have more variables. And we haven't addressed that yet, but we will talk about that too. So let's certainly think of, this is really a function from the reals into the set of 2 by 2 matrices. And this function, it makes sense to push it a little bit and ask how each of the components in the matrix change when I move x a little bit, and this is the way they change by this matrix, 4x0 1 4 xq. It tells me how, when I move x, how much is it going to change? Well, it's going to be 4 times 0.06. Nothing in that one. One in that one. And, well, time is 0.06. So it's going to tell me how that's going to, the infinitesimal change of this matrix during the x away. It's a mess. It's not always a mess. Sometimes it's easy. But usually it's a mess. So let me just start computing what I'll go down here. So this is, I'm just pointing out that you can do these things and they actually mean something. So if I take the matrix, what, should I do the identity? That one's easy. So if a is the identity matrix, then the identity matrix plus the identity matrix plus what? This is 1 plus x x squared over 2. The next one is 1 half times the identity matrix square 1 over 3 factorial times the identity matrix cubed, and so on. But these are all identity matrixes, identity. So this is going to be the identity matrix. I can factor, I'll just leave them alone for a minute, which is 1 plus 1 plus 1 half plus 3 factorial times the identity matrix, which is just e, and the identity matrix, which is the matrix with e's down the diagonal. Well, that was easy. So it's just e times the identity matrix. That one was easy. But if I change this a little bit, that the powers do something funny, then I will get a different answer. So don't worry too much about e to a matrix power at this point. This is really important in differential equations. In differential equations, a lot of times the way you solve the linear equation, the solution turns out to be e to a matrix power. Yeah. So do you still hold the i pi plus 1 equals 0? Well, I'm not quite sure what a matrix pi means. I mean, to matrixify i pi maybe maybe. I can tell you that e to the i where i is the square root of negative 1 times pi times the identity is just a matrix with minus 1's down the diagonal. Sure. But that's stupid. It's an equation. That's just as stupid as this one. Saying e to the identity is all e's down. We didn't learn anything there. But there might be some way to make some sense of that. We could make sense of, for example, the sign of s i and e of a matrix. Again, using this kind of thing. I have no idea what that means. It's just a function. Here, the exponential has a nice relationship to derivatives. And so, that tells us something about differential equations. But what is the relevance of the sine function here? Well, it's fourth derivative is itself. And the second derivative is itself with the sine change. But, you know, so what? So, maybe? I just wanted to throw this out here. You do encounter e to a matrix power in other contexts. So, since we can do it, we'll do it. If you take 308, this will come back with a vengeance. We won't really use it much now. Or, for that matter, if you take even 303, it'll come back. Okay. So, I wanted to say some more about division stuff. So, again, I'm just focusing on square matrices so that I can multiply and get powers and so on. So, if you think about, you know, what is one third mean? So, it's the number so that three times x is one. This is, in fact, the number back to, what about fact fractions? Fourth grade? Something like that. Remember back to elementary school, people kind of knew what one half was and they kind of knew what maybe a third or even an eighth is. But if you talk about, you know, five-ninths, then fuses them. And you could say, okay, I got a thing and I chop it up into nine equal pieces and then I take five of them and have five-ninths. Okay, that makes sense. But it's another way of saying that if I take nine of these things together I'm not going to and add them up, then I'll have five objects. Right, so this is one way of thinking about it, but it's maybe better to think that nine times five-ninths equals five. That is, it solves nine x equals five. It's the unique real number so that nine x equals five. And we have a similar kind of relationship here except our multiplication can get a little more complicated. So for example, if we wanted to find if I'm given matrices well, let's just worry about the identity matrix. So I'm given some matrix A and I want to solve find some matrix B so that A B is the identity. Maybe I want B A. It doesn't matter. So that B A is the identity then I'm going to call this guy the inverse. B is A to the minus one power. I mean here I'm thinking that it's one over A but that doesn't necessarily make sense. But only, though for example if I take the matrix zero, zero, zero, zero it doesn't have an inverse or one, zero, zero, zero that has no inverse. So I'm going to find another matrix so I can't solve find some matrix A B C D equals one, zero, zero, one just not going to work. Because that would mean that A has to equal one but also zero has to equal one. If I take this product I will get A zero, zero, zero I have to have A zero, zero, zero equals one, zero, zero and that's kind of a problem. And of course I can work up more less obvious matrices that I don't have inverses for. Maybe not. But if I take a matrix like I don't know one, two three, seven then since I already did this so if I take that and I multiply it by seven, negative two, negative three, one then this will be the identity let's just check. So seven minus six is one what am I doing? Negative two plus two is zero 21 minus 21 is zero and negative six plus seven is one so I'm happy. This guy has an inverse this guy doesn't they're different and so we kind of need some way to figure out when a guy has when a matrix has an inverse and when it doesn't and of course we can just measure a matrix like one, two, three, four and I want to find its inverse well actually let's just check if A, B is the identity and I multiply this matrix this equation on both sides but on the right by the inverse matrix A then that tells me since this equation has to hold in other words B is A inverse so that's okay but now I can multiply on both sides on the whatever side that is the right by A in other words that means that B, A is also the identity so if A, B is the identity then B, A is also the identity in other words it doesn't matter the right or the left so a matrix and its inverse will commute in the sense of a matrix and its inverse and we don't care whether I want to solve this this equation or the other equation A inverse to the identity which is always the same as A now if the matrices aren't square then well we have generalized inverses right inverse and left inverse but if it's invertible it doesn't matter which order we do it so one way that we could find an inverse for one way that we could try and find an inverse so if you give me some matrix let's just try one 1, 2, 3, 4 and I want to find A, B, C, D so that equals equals 1, 1, 0, 0 well I can just write down the equations right this is the same thing I'm saying that A plus is 1 plus 4B is 0 C plus 3D is 0 I've lost track 2C plus 4D 4 equations and 4 unknowns so I can solve this for A, B, C and D ok but also we already saw that we can solve equations by adding multiples of rows to each other and doing all that sort of thing so I could another way that I could do this is I could start wait a minute another way I could do this is I could just say ok I'm going to solve the system where I want this to be 1, 0 but I also want it to be 0, 1 in the second column right I did this before when I was just solving equals 1 column vector but I can solve it equals 2 column vectors at the same time and so I could just start doing row reductions to transform this guy into something that looks like the identity matrix is it clear to people that this is ok that if I just start row reducing this thing that will tell me what A is well that will tell me this will tell me my answers in terms of A, B, C, D do you have a question? ok what does that line mean? it's just if you prefer you can write them side by side and just keep track of whatever you do here so I just put the line in the middle remember I'm going to mess on with this guy but everything I do with this guy I'm going to do that guy I'm going to do the same collection of row operations to both matrices at the same time in such a way that this one becomes the identity and this one is whatever it is so let me do that so I'm going to take 3 times this row and subtract it from this one so if I take 3 times this row let's just do that I'm going to take 3 times that and subtract it from that so this stays the same but this guy becomes a 0 and then this is a negative 6 that I'm adding to a 4 so that gives me a negative 2 and then I have to remember that that's what I did so I have a negative 3 here is that clear what I did? I just took 3 times let's just label this R1 and R2 and so this is label R1 and this is minus 3 times this is R2 minus 3 times R1 a really naive question but the 1001 on the right side was that just chosen as an example? no I want to solve that I want to see how to transform this guy so he becomes the identity matrix so I'm trying to find the inverse which is another way of saying I'm just rewriting this set of equations so that this is 1, 2, 3, 4 ok so let me let me say this again let me write it the other way so that it matches 1, 2, 3, 4 so I'm some matrix A, B, C, D I'm really thinking of this as a pair of column vectors and I'm saying I want to know find A, B, C and D that satisfies the equation this dot product is 1 this dot product is 0 this dot product is 0 and this dot product is 1 in other words it's the same as solving the equation 1, 2 x, y equals A, C 1, 0 and also 1, 2, 3, 4 B, D equals 0, 1 because that's what I want to do because I want it so that the product is the identity because I'm trying to find A times A inverse so that the product is the identity oh and I'm just thinking of that equation and solve that equation I want you to do it at the same time because the process is going to be the same so we're specifically trying to find the inverse yes, exactly if I wanted to find it to be something else I could do this with something else over there but once I have the inverse then I don't need to work anymore because now I don't need anything but specifically I'm looking for the inverse but I've just broken it up and it's going to be something else and we already saw I mean I had x's and y's here when we did it before we already saw that to solve something like this we take the augmented matrix 1, 2, 1, 3, 4, 0 and we mess with it to get rid of variables we mess with this to turn this into 1, 0, 0, 1 and whatever I get here I'm starting to do the same process here I'm just doing it with two rows at a time so I'm really solving this one this one at the same time but since whatever I do to turn this into 1, 0 is going to be the same for both of them when I just do them both at the same time I mean you're nodding but you're nodding like if you say so what is the second column what is that what is the second column so you're trying a 0 and on one side and on the other both ways so I want to solve the pair of equations I want to solve this one and I want to solve this one but the way I can solve them together is just doing them both again we're going to try and pull out of this the identity matrix over here and magically my answer will appear over here now there's a formula you can just probably already know it but it's good to know where these formulas come from but I've lost track of what I've done so I have that and I don't like that minus 2 so now I'm going to divide everything by minus 2 so this will become 1 actually I shouldn't just change it 1, 2, 0, 1 1, 0 minus 2 so this is 3 halves and this is minus 1 half and now it's easy to kill this 2 so that'll become just subtract twice this from that so 1, 0, 0, 1 so twice this is 3 so that's a negative 2 twice this is so it's 1 because I was correct did I make a mistake? 3 halves so my inverse matrix should be that so it should be true that this matrix and this matrix is the identity I guess I should check it I don't know what I'm going to do I messed up the board so I could check that 1, 2, 3, 4 negative 2, 1 3 halves I probably just need something else because I always do negative 2 plus 3 is in fact 1 and 1 minus 1 is in fact 0 and negative 6 plus 6 is in fact 0 and 3 minus 2 is in fact 1 so it even worked I'm really proud of doing this I mean this works and it's fine I have to look at it because I always forget where it goes so in my notes I was going to do this with a general matrix ABCD but ED and we do the augment all of these will have an AD minus BC so you start with this and you do all of the tedious stuff to get to the identity matrix here this is what you'll get don't memorize this I mean you feel free memorize whatever you want you'll get something like this maybe I messed it up already but something like this there's a formula the important here is to realize any time you transpose my life D negative B negative C A so those signs are wrong for a 2 by 2 it's pretty easy you just swap these two and you change those signs and that's the inverse and then you divide by the determinant you swap the diagonal elements here you close along the change of the signs and there you go you want to memorize that if you don't that's also fine so we can invert a 2 by 2 matrix easily and this process that I gave over there works just fine with a 12 by 12 matrix as well just is a long trick to do that there's something else I need to say you know sometimes you won't be able to solve this equation I want to solve the equation matrix times vector equals the zero matrix then sometimes I'll get many solutions and sometimes I will get only the zero solution and so without this this is the same suppose A so if then this equation is still true if I multiply both sides by A inverse on the right but that's the same as saying that this vector is zero this vector x or matrix x is the zero A inverse is the identity so I'm left with x and A inverse times zero is the zero matrix so A is invertible then the only solution to this is the zero vector and it works the other way too so in other words is invertible and only if the only solution I only proved one way with to Ax zero is x being the zero vector but we talked about that a little bit too this is the same as saying the columns linearly independent which is also the same thing the rows are the same so in other words the matrix A consists of a bunch of linearly independent vectors well if you think about this statement this is the same as saying when I mix and match the rows it can eventually arrive at the identity because what linearly independent means I'm taking combinations together I see some confused faces you can actually say what does that mean? somebody want to say that? the only solution I didn't want to write the whole word the only solution to this equation is the zero vector but that's the same as saying the columns are linearly independent vectors the columns of A and then this is the same I didn't prove this but the same as saying the rows so all of these things are the same which this is the same I ran out of room the same as saying that I can solve well I can reduce to the identity by elementary operations I can do this jump that I was doing over there they're all the same so invertible matrices are exactly the same as matrices where the rows and columns can't be you can't kill off one of the rows by adding multiples of the other ones and for 2 by 2s all the same stuff and so we also just already saw except they didn't do the work so for a 2 by 2 matrix that's the same so a 2 by 2 matrix A, B, C, D that's the same as saying that A D minus B C is minus 0 because if A D minus B C were 0 I would have to divide by 0 in the form for the inverse so one of the answers would have to be infinity now I can arrive at this equation by just manipulating and trying to solve where I can arrive at it in other ways but let's say I do this it's there at my nose I just don't want to do it because I'll screw it up for sure so this is an important thing it's no accident so you've probably seen this before and this guy is the determinant I'm not a determinant yet but this is the determinant of the matrix A, B, C, D which we just take this product and subtract that from that product now a slightly we can generalize this to higher dimensions so this is also the area if I take the vector A, C and the vector B, D it's the area of the parallelogram between them if this is the vector then this area except somehow my picture if I put them in the right order but we can crank up this notion of determinant to higher dimensions to deal with 3x3s or 4x4s or 5x5s in an inducted way so if I have and I did this in an earlier class and the standard notation actually is you write the matrix with straight lines instead of curved lines and this means the determinant and if you write straight lines on the side of the matrix it means take a determinant of this absolute value which is the size of okay? so if I wanted to do a higher determinant like this I'd have to define it and so this is actually can be defined of sub matrices so I'm going to take ABC, DEF, GHJ I wrote J so you don't think it's the square root of negative one it's going to be A times the matrix A times the determinant EF HJ plus B minus B times the determinant DEH in other words I take I pick an element and I cross out his row and column and I take the determinant of what's left over except that this one should have been green oh well green means minus here if I cross out his row and column I subtract the green and then I add and I do the same here and I add that back so I alternate plus minus plus plus minus and I can expand by any row and any column so one needs to so this will be A times EJ FH minus B times DJ minus FG plus C DH minus BG and in general we can define this inductively degree matrix any size we can play the same game so that if I have 0 2 1 3 4 I'm just going to write the first step what I do let's just start with the top row although it would be easier to use the bottom is I take 1 times the determinant 4 5 6 2 3 4 0 1 0 subtract off 0 so I don't even have to do that but I will write it minus A times the determinant 3 5 6 1 3 4 0 1 0 plus 2 times the determinant 3 4 6 1 2 4 0 0 0 so that would be 0 minus 1 times the determinant 3 4 5 1 2 3 0 0 1 pick a row, picking the top row you could also pick a column and expand along that getting the little sub matrices so now to do this I have to do it again right so doing a 10 by 10 can be a long process there are more efficient ways right so here so like this one is 0 this one is easy 0 and this one is A times so let me just point out rather than prove it now I can actually expand by any row in any column so this one is 0 because I choose to expand by this bottom row which is 0 times that plus 0 times that that was easy this one I can expand by this row because that would be fairly easy too so this will be I have to figure out whether it's plus or minus so it's plus minus plus minus so it's going to be minus so this pattern starting from the corner I go plus and I alternate pluses and minuses or another way of saying it is if the sum of the R and J yeah if I plus J is odd it's minus and if I plus J is even it's plus yeah so why is that pattern a thing why is that pattern a thing though it has to do with the fact that the wedge product is anti... that doesn't help let's just accept it for now I'm trying to think of a good reason that I can does anyone know it's because the wedge product is anti-symmetric but that doesn't help me what's the wedge product it's because the cross product is anti-symmetric but is that what we're wondering about yeah well I'm not doing a cross product here but it's related to the cross product it's the same process it's actually very clever yeah so let's just say cause a damn I don't have a good answer I should have a good answer and so that would be so this guy this gives me a minus so that was already a minus A there and then I take here the determinant 3, 4, 6, 1 which is going to be 3 minus 24 so huh so I take the row where except I wrote the wrong thing 3, 1, 6, 4 3, 1, 6, 4 that makes more sense yeah okay so 12 minus 6 which is 6 so this will be 6A here and here I can do the same thing here to get the determinant 4, 2, 6, 4 which will be 16 minus 12 which is F4 and here this is 0 and here this will be minus the determinant 3, 4, 1, 2 plus traffic plus so which is 6 minus 4 which is 2 and there's a minus so you can do that sort of thing and I'm writing along with Convary so let me just tell you some stuff about the determinants so one thing that you can check there's a proof in the book so if I if I so here's a fact which one can calculate and check the multiple to another or a column to another or a column it does not change the determinant almost row reduction except that remember in row reduction you often will not just add them but you'll scale them and here I can't scale because the scale will definitely change the determinant A is the same as I can multiply any row by r so multiplying a row or a column by a number r changes the determinant by that factor you said keep it in mind so you could row reuse it but of course if you could just row if you could do the whole row reduction process then every determinant is either 1 or 0 so that's kind of stupid so we have to keep track that when you're solving and putting this here in a second you often do this scaling by r we have to keep track of those scales and the other thing is if you interchange two adjacent rows you change the sum interchange if I exchange this with that well I'm stupid if I exchange this with that you can add a row to a column that doesn't mean you can add a row to a column no you can add a column to a column or a row to a row add a row to a column so you can check all of these facts I think they're done in the book we don't really have enough time to do them now but you can do this stuff and so that helps a lot in calculating the determinants because you can sort of make it convenient to have a row of all 0's and 1's by or at least some 0's and 1's and make your life a little easier when calculating things of course computers are really good at calculating determinants so you can just type it into maple and there it comes or Mathematica or any of those kind of guys and it just falls out okay what else do you want to say here so you should also notice that the determinant of the inverse is 1 over if you have a matrix A and you know it's determinant this is the same as 1 over the determinant of A inverse the determinant of A inverse that sort of just falls out from those observations and if I multiply two things together this is determinant A the determinant is multiplicative in this way here we can add to this which is not well it is sort of obvious here because the rows and columns are linearly independent if they're linearly dependent that means I can mush together rows and columns to get 1 being all 0's which means the determinant will be 0 so this statement is the same that the determinant of A is not 0 and this is a really critical observation this is often a lot of times how you check whether a system has a unique solution or not you take the determinant and if the determinant is not 0 then you know there's a solution and if the determinant is 0 then there's not going to be well there's going to be yeah because these are numbers so this is equal to determinant of A which has to be because these are real numbers and real numbers alright so and go through it so I think I won't so there's a thing there's a formula called Kramer's Rule that invert matrices relating determinants and stuffy stuffy stuff feel free to know Kramer's Rule it's just a little thing that you know you can work out and I can never remember it and you know so it expresses the inverse of a matrix in terms of the determinant and sub matrices and all sorts of complicated but about the end of the section so we have these tools of linear algebra and the reason for covering these tools of linear algebra is to be able to talk about matrices and indices and vectors and things like that and I'm going to return starting next time to doing multivariable calculus because the derivative from Rn to Rm or a vector if one of the things is one dimensional so when we when we think about functions from one set of variables to another set of variables the derivative is a linear map that approximates that function and so derivatives will be matrices because matrices are general linear maps from Rn Rn to Rm so we have to deal with those kinds of things so the reason for this little excursion here into linear algebra that some of which you may have seen in high school is precisely so we have the tools to talk about the calculus we need to do so in some sense this course is multivariable calculus with linear algebra rather than they're not really quite on the equal part except we can't do multivariable calculus very well unless we know the linear algebra the other the other version of this course down plays the linear algebra one but anyway there it is this is probably a good place to stop when you can all go upstairs see what's another our model

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WILL DISNEY'S NEW MULAN MOVIE BE BAD FOR ASIANS? | Fung Bros

▸ FUNG BROS SHIRTS & MERCH // http://bit.ly/fungbrosshop CAMERA // James (instagram.com/thedangdynasty) EDITOR // GENKI (http://instagram.com/daddygenk MUSIC // Origami Beats (http://bit.ly/origamibeats), RickyFlarez (http://bit.ly/thebriando) Subscribe Here! http://bit.ly/FungBrosSub Check out my top videos! http://bit.ly/FungBrosTopVideos Join the Fung Bros community and get access to special discounts, livestreams, Q&As, and more! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9avFXTdbSo5ATvzTRnAVFg/join --------------------------------- Do you want to work in media? Do you have film skills? We're looking for creatives in or around Los Angeles. If you're interested email us at [email protected] with your name, experience and location. Thank you! ---------------------------------- ▸ FUNG BROS SHIRTS & MERCH http://fungbros.merchlabs.com/ FOLLOW THE FUNG BROS. ▸ FACEBOOK // http://facebook.com/fungbros ▸ INSTAGRAM // http://instagram.com/fungbros ▸ TWITTER // http://www.twitter.com/fungbros DAVID ▸ INSTAGRAM // http://instagram.com/davidbfung ▸ TWITTER // http://www.twitter.com/davidbfung ANDREW ▸ INSTAGRAM // http://instagram.com/andrewjfung ▸ TWITTER // http://www.twitter.com/andrewjfung #FungBros About Fung Bros: David and Andrew Fung are fascinated by hip-hop, comedy, and food. They love making funny rap songs, trying new food, and making people laugh. Welcome to the official Fung Bros Channel! WILL DISNEY'S NEW MULAN MOVIE BE BAD FOR ASIANS? | Fung Bros https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gie7q3Nlwrg Fung Bros https://www.youtube.com/FungBrosComedy

Gie7q3Nlwrg

Okay, must be able to speak fluent English. Okay, Mandarin, he's strapping, could work out, cocky, they're sure, handsome, and determined to be the best soldier in history. Man, I'm not getting this role, man. So as many of you have probably heard, there's this new Disney-Mulan live-action motion picture that is coming out, and it hasn't even started filming yet, and it is already causing controversy. So for the people who really love the original animated Mulan film, you'd think people would be excited, right? No, no, no, no, no, no. Not everyone. Let's talk about it. Alright, so back in 2017. Disney first released the news that they were going to be coming out with this live-action Mulan film, and immediately there was rumors that they were going to whitewash the entire cast, and Mulan was going to be played by none other than Scarlett the sexy Johansson. Now I really don't know why anybody honestly believed this, because it would completely undermine the 1,500-year-old Chinese ballad, therefore pissing off billions and billions of people and therefore giving up hundreds of millions of dollars of profit. But after all, they did do it with Goku. Damn, you were Canadian this whole time? But then the rumors of whitewashing quickly get squashed when they finally cast Crystal Liu, Chinese superstar as Mulan. Clap, clap, bravo. But then, Disney released news that they would be cutting out the only cool, masculine Asian male character from the original animated film that everybody loved, Captain Lee Shang. He would not be in the live-action film. So you know Matt Damon? What if we got him? He marries Mulan and then saves China. Cock blocking us once again. Thanks Hollywood. Not cool Disney. And by the way, this is not how you get casted in a Disney movie. So after hearing about this, the internet went to work and there was an online backlash. Shout out to Backlash. Disney decided to try to make up for it by announcing that they would be adding a new cool Asian male character that would be written in to replace Captain Lee Shang, Enter Honghui, a fellow soldier who plays rival to Mulan, the entire movie, until the end where he finds out she's a she and then he starts to have feelings for her. Let's stand up. All right, so what does this all mean? What are the big picture takeaways from all this? And well, here's a few points I came up with. Point number one, they are using Chinese stars in this movie being Donnie Yen, Gong Li and Crystal Liu. Now some Asian-American actors, they have the right to be a little bit pissed off about this, which also makes sense. But then again, the Chinese movie market will probably make up for more than 50% of this movie's profits. So appealing to them also makes sense. Point number two is that this production has already made changes to its process due to social media backlash. To be honest, I think it's pretty interesting that a movie can announce its coming out in like a year and a half or two years and then get society's feedback and then make adjustments as it sees fit. It's almost like Twitter has a seed in the writing room. Hey, so you know Lee Shang from the first movie that everybody liked? Let's just cut him out. Don't do that, we'll all hate you. All right, write somebody else back in that's with a different name. Yeah. And something else that I realized is that in 2018, people actually want to see a cool masculine Asian guy character, especially if the movie has to do with Asia. Wielding a samurai sword, kicking a bunch of people's ass just overall being a cool, chill, smart badass. People still desire Bruce Lee character and it's been about 40 years. And it's not just about having an Asian male character that can replace a white person. It's actually about an Asian badass person doing something Asian. Why else would people watch so much anime? It's really the only place that consistently shows a badass Asian guy all the time, except its cartoons. Some people even talk about the conspiracy of the mainstream keeping Asian masculinity down on purpose. So you could boil this all down to representation of Asian male masculinity in the mainstream. You could even make a whole YouTube channel about it. This is like a huge conversation between how we want to be perceived, how other people currently perceive us, and what we're doing in our real day-to-day lives to change that perception. So I'll leave you with some larger picture questions. One, do people really want to see a masculine Asian male character in a non-Asian and Asian context? Number two, does it really help to have people complain on the internet? Sometimes it seems like it does. Three, are our voices the loudest on the internet? And number four, do we only complain about representation in Hollywood and entertainment and not other fields? All right, everybody, thank you so much for watching that video. And yeah, we did get contacted by someone at Disney to send in an audition tape. I gave it a shot. I don't think I'm gonna get it. Number one, I don't embody a Chinese G.I. Joe. Number two, I'm not good at acting. Number three, I made this video. They're probably not gonna love that. But anyways, there's probably a lot better options for that character than me. If you do want to start a Twitter campaign, I'm not gonna stop you. Just kidding, don't do that. But yeah, shout out to them for hitting us up. And I hope the movie turns out really well. Until next time, everybody, I'm out. Peace.

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Horizon 4 Super car/ Rally car/ Drift car snowy fun / Logitech G920 /

Snowy fun on horizon 4 in all kinds of cars!!! NRG Innovations Products Drivenrg.com Handbrake link https://www.ebay.com/itm/RED-HYDRAULIC-HORIZONTAL-RACING-DRIFT-RALLY-HAND-E-BRAKE-PARKING-HANDBRAKE-LEVER/252447731174?hash=item3ac70eade6:g:3FMAAOSwvg9XeKFT Evl Drift Invitational Rules Link. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Hc8wVFioroLs6OQlAQ2ZL_xPNodju0vnxBQ4S4-QyLg/edit?usp=sharing Show your Support with some Team Evlrabbit and EvlRabbit07 stuff available here more stuff coming soon!!!! https://www.etsy.com/shop/EvlRabbit07Designs?ref=l2-shopheader-name Get all you NRG Innovation Products at DriveNRG.com Contact me at [email protected] If you want to see something more on the channel or something else I am always up for new games to try just subscribe to my channel and comment on the videos what you want to see or message me on Xbox live - EvlRabbit07. Follow me on Twitch https://www.twitch.tv/evlrabbit_07 follow me on Instagram @evlrabbit07 follow me on Twiter @evlrabbit07 follow me on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/TeamEvlRabbit/ #drifting #drift #racing #evlrabbit07 #teamevlrabbit #gamer #customwheelssetup #logitechg920 #getnrg #NRGsteeringwheels #drivenrg #nrginnovations Special thanks to WeRabbitz for the use of there tracks if you want hear more of there music check them out at https://soundcloud.com/werabbitz or on facebook at https://www.facebook.com/werabbitz/ or on Youtube at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQMn1knm5y6DVRp3GxYrZaA Girlfriends Shop for Custom coasters and other cool stuff check out her shop at the link below https://www.etsy.com/shop/TheMintyOwlCreations?ref=search_shop_redirect

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So as I said, make sure you follow me on Facebook, Twitch, Twitter, and Instagram. All that's found in the description box below. That was a really nice transition. What's up, everybody? I'm Meebo Rabbit here on Forza Horizon 4. So Forza has gifted us with this beautiful Senna. If we did play the demo, it was free to us. We did get codes. So if you guys did not play the demo and don't have the game, you guys missed out on getting this beautiful McLaren Senna. We're going to rip this around here for a few minutes, and then we're going to get into the purpose of today's episode. And that is a little bit of snow fun, since there's only about a day left here in winter season. We're going to have some snow fun rally style and some pretty fun environments. But of course, you know, we're going to rock the Senna. I don't know if it's a very good idea to be rocking the Senna in the snow. We're going to get our wheel cam turned on and then we go. We are on a launch to K920 with our energy innovations. 350 millimeter, minty green and Nero chrome wheel, hydraulic cam brake, clutch brake and sequential shifter. Yo, yeah, this is definitely not the right car to be in the snow. I'm a Clarence Senna on street tires, probably some very high performance tires at that. So a little bit of cruise in the first person in the Senna. Well, this thing is skatey. This is definitely going to be fun coming up here in the spring season. I believe we have about a day or so left of winter season before we switch out. Wow. This thing is super tail happy. But like I said, today we are going to have some fun in the snow. Rally style. Oh, I've got my driving gloves on. I should know the cross goes, but rally style here today. And of course, there's the standard grinding of fours of you are too quick on the clutch and not quick on the gear change. So we are going to get into driving in the snow today. I do have a very fun car picked out. It's nothing super aggressive because I found out driving a little bit lower horsepower cars that are not as powerful are actually a little bit more fun to drive and race with than stupid like horsepower cars. Jesus, probably not the best idea here for it. And fifth, oh, God. And fourth, we're just trying to keep some traction. What a record brand new Senna. This thing is definitely going to get ripped here as soon as the snow thaws out in this fours. Oh, yeah. Well, let's get into the car that we are going to be running today. I do choose this car because it is a favorite one of my cars. And also it is set on snow tires, so we will be ripping through the snow with no problem, hopefully the Super Impresa 22 BSTI rocking some inky RPF ones with the full wide track stance on the car. It definitely sounds pretty sweet for being a mild tunes to it. It is an A class car, so there's a cage in there to get it down A class, but quick, quick look around this car. As you can see, we are rocking the full stance package. So, like I said, we are going to do some down and dirty dirt racing. So we got to make our way to a race. So I think the fastest way to get there would be to for sake of boringness of driving for you guys. We're going to just fast travel to one of our close houses and I'll catch you guys when we get there. But like I said, we're going to be running this 22 BSTI here in the snowy tundra that is horizon for winter season. Got the Carlton dance going on with my festival shades and my weird snow cargo pants. Like I said, we are rocking snow tires on this car on some RPF ones. It is on drift suspension to help with steering angle if I want, but also because it gets really low and it's a soft suspension. So it's kind of nice. I didn't want to put it on rally suspension because I kind of wanted to keep it also low because normally I was doing some street racing with it, but we are here to do some rally racing. And Derwood Reservoir. I believe we are in a really high difficulty. Yeah, we are an expert. So I think we're just going to leave it on expert, see how it goes. And the one thing I don't like is I don't like the starts. I wish to give you a countdown and it wasn't just instantly green like that because I tend to, if I'm not on the clutch, still a lot on the start. So like I said, I'm having a lot more fun racing these lower powered cars rather than stupidly high powered cars. And I feel like we're coming up to a really hard turn. Oh, come on, excuse you. So what is your favorite winter car that you guys are running in the winter season? Is it a truck? Is it a rally car? Is it a normal car or is it a really high powered car? Because a lot of people like driving some really high powered trucks. But I personally do not. I have fun with my little 530 horsepower Subaru. Now this is supposed to be a rally. So I'm hoping there's going to be off road. But as you can see, this car only has five gears. This car handles very well on pavement. It's a little slippery when I need it to, but enough to get it back. These guys are right on me. Water flash don't go up our line. So are you guys having fun in the winter season? Are you excited for spring to be coming? Because I know I am. Urgent and I, one of my teammates, found a pretty nice section in the snow yesterday that we're hoping is pavement when it comes to when it comes to spring and fall and summer, because it's a really nice drifting tandem section. And hopefully that turn was a lot more aggressive than I thought. Hopefully it's pavement and we'll be able to get some really nice tandems in that section. So apparently this is a road race and not a rally like I thought it was going to. So get rags. I thought we were going to have some fun in the snow, but apparently this is not a snow rally. Excuse me coming through. Because I thought because it was in the dirt section, it was going to be some off roady stuff. Let that e-brake. Oh man, that hurt. Okay, all right guys. So he totally just decided to hit me and send me completely off course. So I guess we're going to try and redo this one again. That's what I wanted to do. He didn't hit me that time. So those guys are jerks as well. So I'm thinking maybe we'll get to some off road, but still excited. You guys having fun in the winter? What's your favorite car? Let me know down in the comment section down below. Are you excited for spring and what cars are you bringing out for the spring? What cars have been sitting in your garage that you've been waiting for spring to come out to bring those bad boys out into the weather? Here we go. Now we're on some snowy gravel. Now we'll be able to see what how this car handles pavement versus gravel. It's a little bit on the twitchy side. Oh, I'm so glad that was a wall. Otherwise we would have been into those people. I did notice that the grip factors on these cars, whether it's snow mud or everything, change a lot. It's not the same. It's kind of nice. It makes all the cars handle different each season. We took first, I'd say with ease, but we had to use rewind, but with ease. So we're just trying to continue our career here, get more money, because we had drained our money funds if you haven't noticed. We did buy some stuff. Reggie and I went shopping, filled some cars and I bought a few fours of the addition cars off the marketplace. So if I bought them off you, you're welcome. Dropped a good amount of money for that. So you're welcome. So I see another event up here that's new. So we're just gonna go right to it. I feel like this one is gonna be more off-road and snowy. One can only hope. Foothills scramble. This one should be snowy. We're gonna continue in our retro rally class because it's the only car that I have tuned up enough to comfortable driving in. I mean, I could drive some stock cars. They'd be pretty slow, but I do love the 22B, probably one of my favorite Subarus in all of Subarus. Got that Carlton dance going on. Here we go. Foothills scramble. So I'm assuming hopefully this will be more snow and dirt than the other one. So we're gonna hop right into it. And yeah, this one's gonna be a little bit more off-road. I can already see it. Cut that a little bit. Yep, this is what I was looking for. Fun in the snow with a Subaru on snow tires, on a full 900 degrees rotation wheel. Well, or 870, however you wanna put that, because like I said, I do run 870 so that I'm not hitting physical stop on my wheel because of the heavier rim. I did that so I don't hit physical lock on my wheel as hard as a little bit of a buffer. So it's going to be, it was pretty well in the snow. So we understand like that. But what I am noticing, I'm not really having with the setting changes that oscillation in the snow or off-road. It's, the car's pretty comfortable. It doesn't like, when it starts to slide out, I can usually catch it and grab it. We just lost our exhaust. See, it would have been sweet if it wasn't made if you'd lose your exhaust, the car gets louder because that would have been really epic. But, you know, it's kind of interesting that you just tap the wall on the side and the exhaust just decides to fall off. Hard brake turn. I probably could have e-brake that, but we're trying to run a grip line in the snow. Excuse me, Zeus. What's up, buddy, haven't seen you in a while. Just impulse, if you've been a friend of the channel and a follower for a while, this impulse was a member of the team. And then he decided to do elsewhere with life currently and everything. So that is why he has not been around recently, but he's still always a member of Team Little Rabbit, one of the OGU members. So, we got a pretty good feel of this course now. And we're gonna try and get a little, get a little saucy in here. Try and cut some corners and make up some time. That's not gonna help us. I say cut corners and make up time and I cut too much. So, I wish I had a co-driver right there saying, you know, don't cut. Normally I don't use rewinds, but for the sake of having to restart this entire event and for the sake of recording time, I'm gonna try and drips this out here. There we go, that was nice. The sake of recording time for you guys, it's just easier to quick rewind and restart the whole event because you probably don't wanna see the same thing that you just saw. Again, I almost mentioned that you break there, which is odd because it's really big. So, like I said, with the setting changes that I've made on the wheel setting, I'm not getting the crazy over rotation of the car where it's super hard to control. It could be because it's all in a drive and that might be helping a lot, I mean, if you are racing off-road, you probably should be running all-wheel drive anyways. We need to break this one. There we go. Probably should be running all-wheel drive. We're getting a little saucy now through the turns. You know, throwing the e-brake around and having a little fun. We still have one more laps to do. Oh, I did not, I locked up the front brakes. Like I said, I am not running any assists. No assists, no driving lines, nothing. This is full, blown-on car, no ABS, no traction, no stability. This is just full blown-on driving, which is the way I drive all my games because I can not modulate my braking and make my own ABS usually pretty well like that. It was a really nice turn. So, like I said, the wheel feels good, especially in the snow. And you guys have been following all the little tweaks and stuff I've been making to the wheel setup. It's just, it's a progression to make the wheel feel better. I mean, there's always gonna be tweaks, but once we find that golden setting, which we are pretty close to, I feel, it'll be good. Now, you know, as for other Forza games, you know, I have those settings and those settings don't coincide with settings in here. Each Forza game is different, but you know, we've been slowly getting input from other drivers and other subscribers with input on wheel settings and stuff like that to come up with this. That's the biggest thing that I like about you guys commenting on these videos with what you're feeling on your wheels when you adjust your setting, stuff like that, because, you know, not only does it, you know, allow me to interact with you guys some, am I gonna miss that again? Allow me to interact with you guys. You know, trying to drive and hold a conversation sometimes is trickier than you think. So, because you're not solely focused on driving, but it's a way for me to interact with you guys and also a way to get the settings better, because, you know, everybody's input is amazing. Just like the last video I posted about the change in the Forza We've Got Gunner Steer, it's made this wheel so much better. It feels so much nicer, and that was just because of an input from another driver. So, that's what I love. I try to keep in tabs with you guys and try bringing more and more content to you guys to help you guys on the wheels to get better on the wheel and not get frustrated with it, because I know when I first got my wheel, I was frustrated. I couldn't drift, couldn't, it was just annoying. But the more and more seat time you get, the more and more practice you get, the easier it becomes, the more second nature it becomes. Then you start throwing other things at it, more power, different cars, you know? Then you have that going for you. So, I think we may do one more race here today in the snow if we're really close to one. Or we might finish it off with some wheel spins. So, I hope you guys enjoyed this. Make sure you guys follow me on Facebook, Twitch, Twitter, and Instagram. All of you found in the description box below. MGA Twin Cam. Okay, I don't think I'll ever drive that, but it is what it is. So, let us see if we have any more wheel spins. Let's check in. We got some messages from a lot of people or a lot of things. What do we got going on here? We got 35 uses and seven downloads of my 350Z tune, I believe. And then another eight downloads and that. We got some business payouts. So, a lot of people are rocking that 350Z tune. So, I think we're going to finish this episode off with a final win spin here. So, snow, it's gonna be over, but I had a lot of fun in the snow. Like I said, let me know what your, I will take the hundreds of grand. What's your favorite car that you raced in the winter season now that we're coming up to spring season? And what cars are you bringing out of the garage for spring? I know I will be bringing out some heavy hitters for a spring session, one of which I feel like I should, feel like I'm just gonna like bring out a car and mess around with it real quick before we completely end this episode off. It's an FD car, so it's something I've been working on because the FD cars do feel wheeled on a wheel, but the setting changes that we made recently made these cars feel a little bit better. So, I'm rocking the math fields S14.5. Obviously carbon fiber blacked out, not the best car in the snow. As you can see, but it will be rowdy come springtime. But as you can see, the wheel does feel pretty good though. It doesn't completely snap itself out of the way. So we're just gonna rip this a little bit, a little fun in the snow. Oh, stall it out. A clutch cake little break. So if you guys have fun drifting in the snow as well, let me know in the comments down below. We just ran those. Besides, what's your drift weapon choice for the winter? Not a tree, I hope. What's your drift weapon choice for the winter? What do you like using? Is it an FD car? Do you like the FD cars in the snow? Cause these things are really hard to control in the snow. And it's because you can't change the tires. I'd probably rather use a regular, what's up buddy? Probably use a regular car on snow tires for snow drifting, but we're just whipping this S14.5 around because we can just stay mad at gas and just constant power because, well, this thing has power for days and a lot of loss of traction. There's a pretty nice road up here that I think we're gonna hit that in this episode off. So as I said, make sure you follow me on Facebook, Twitch, Twitter and Instagram. All that's found in the description box below. That was a really nice transition. And as always, I appreciate all the comments and all the support from you guys. The channel is becoming bigger and bigger every day and I can't thank you guys enough. So I will keep bringing the content. If you guys keep coming back and watching it because I do appreciate you guys coming back and all the new subscribers out on the channel. So as always, like to thank you guys for watching. Hope that man didn't want his wall. I'm evil rabbit and I will see you guys next time. That was my own wall for my own house. That's cool though. We're good. That's fun.

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How to choose the right neighbourhood.

Location is key when purchasing property. Find out from Simon Bray how to make sure that your home is located in the right neighbourhood for your lifestyle. Video Transcript: Presenter: A very good morning to you. It's a Tuesday morning. Welcome to your feel-good breakfast show, live on SABC 3. Now in the later series of our private property first-time home buyers series, we talk about doing the proper research to ensure that your dream property is in the right kind of location and neighborhood to suit your lifestyle and your needs. And Zoe has more. Starting your online property search is a lot of fun. Having all of the options in front of you with beautiful pictures, all of the details laid out and you having to decide which one you would like to purchase. Also, taking into consideration your financial status. Of course, a very important aspect is also to ensure that your home is located in the right neighborhood for your lifestyle. So today, we have Simon Bray in studio to tell us more about approaching this task. You know what? We've spoken about this before - location, location, location - but how can a neighborhood make or break your dream home? Simon Bray: Well, I think location is the key thing when it comes to purchasing property. You want to buy a new car. You look on the car website. You find the one you want, and you can bring it to wherever you are. With property, it's all about picking exactly where you want to live. And that's got all sorts of ramifications around what lifestyle you're looking for, what financial return you're looking for from the property in years to come, and what your budget is today. So it's really an important decision to choose the right neighborhood for your particular needs. How do you find that balance based on not only your financial budget or your financial capacity but also your lifestyle? How do you find the right neighbourhood then? Simon Bray: When people start their property process, there's a dream, there's an idea of what they want. And websites like ours really help the buyer understand the different nuances in the neighbourhood, the different features they can come to expect from property there. Instead of just letting the consumer run around the website and hope to find what he's looking for, we try to package it neatly on the site with these beautiful neighbourhood pages. They've got a map of what the neighbourhood's all about. They've got some price detail and data around what the prices have been doing in the neighbourhood over the past few years. So is it a good financial investment or not? So it's very helpful, a very useful little page that you can go to and understand everything about that particular neighbourhood. Now you mentioned this is a financial investment, buying your property. Now also you need to keep in mind, choosing your neighbourhood. What factors do you need to look out for to make sure that this the right neighborhood to settle in so that in future your investment grows? Simon Bray: Well, isn't this the great thing about property? The idea is that you invest in a property today, and you see it grow over a period of time. Not a lot of assets that we invest in tend to grow as fast as property does. And South Africa's a fascinating property economy. You've got parts of the market that move really slowly, and you've got parts that move really, really quickly. And so there's this opportunity when you're investing to pick the right neighbourhood and see that growth outpace inflation, and that's really the key. So understanding what has happened in a neighbourhood before, what new changes may be coming into a suburb or into a neighbourhood that might accelerate growth in the future, all of that is critically important. And that's where private property can really help. It can make you an expert in that particular neighbourhood, that particular suburb, to the point that you understand whether it's going to do better or worse than the suburbs next to it. Well, Simon, thank you so much for all of that information. And it just shows that research really is the most important thing when it comes to finding the right neighbourhood for you, for your budget, and of course, for your lifestyle. Now there is the perfect neighbourhood for you out there. All you have to do is log onto www.privateproperty.co.za and explore all of the beautiful areas in our country. Whether it's your first apartment in the city, a trendy suburban townhouse, or that dream family home on a gulf estate, there's a home for everyone on Private Property. Find out more here: https://www.privateproperty.co.za/advice/property/articles/episode-4-how-to-choose-the-right-neighbourhood/5291 -~-~~-~~~-~~-~- Please watch: "Private Property | Your Space, Your Rules! | Stand a chance to WIN R100,000 " https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s59CfvqMTLA -~-~~-~~~-~~-~-

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It's my feel good breakfast show. A very good morning to you. It's a Tuesday morning. Welcome to your feel good breakfast show live on SAVC3. Now in the latest series of our private property first time home buyers series, we talk about doing the proper research to ensure that your dream property is in the right kind of location and neighborhood to suit your lifestyle and your needs. And Zoe has more. Starting your online property search is a lot of fun. Having all of the options in front of you with beautiful pictures, all of the details laid out and you having to decide which one you would like to purchase. Also taking into consideration your financial status. Of course a very important aspect is also to ensure that your home is located in the right neighborhood for your lifestyle. So today we have Simon Bray in studio to tell us more about approaching this task. You know what we've spoken about this before location, location, location, but how can a neighborhood make or break your dream home? Well I think location is the key thing when it comes to purchasing property. You know you want to buy a new car, you look on the car website, you find the one you want and you can bring it to wherever you are. You know with property it's all about picking exactly where you want to live and that's got all sorts of ramifications around what lifestyle you're looking for, what financial return you're looking for from the property in years to come and what your budget is today. So it's really an important decision to choose the right neighborhood for your particular needs. How do you find that balance based on not only your financial budget or your financial capacity but also your lifestyle? How do you find the right neighborhood then? You know when people start their property process there's a dream, there's an idea of what they want and websites like ours really help the buyer understand the different nuances in the neighborhood, the different features that they can come to expect from property there. Instead of just letting the consumer run around the website and hope to find what is looking for. They package it neatly on the site with these beautiful neighborhood pages, they've got a map of what the neighborhood is all about, they've got some price detail and data around what the prices have been doing in the neighborhood over the past few years. So is it a good financial investment or not? So it's very helpful, very useful little page that you can go to and understand everything about that particular neighborhood. You mentioned this is a financial investment buying your property. Now also you need to keep in mind you know choosing your neighborhood. What factors do you need to look out for to make sure that this is the right neighborhood to settle in so that in future your investment grows? Well isn't this the great thing about property? You know the idea is that you invest in a property today and you see it grow over a period of time. Not a lot of assets that we invest in tend to grow as fast as property does. And South Africa is a fascinating property economy. You've got parts of the market that move really slowly and you've got parts that move really, really quickly. And so there's this opportunity when you're investing to pick the right neighborhood and see that growth outpace inflation and that's really the key. So understanding what has happened in a neighborhood before, what new changes may be coming into a suburb or into a neighborhood that might accelerate growth in the future, all of that is critically important. And that's where private property can really help. It can make you an expert in that particular neighborhood, that particular suburb to the point that you understand whether it's going to do better or worse than the suburbs next to it. Well Simon, thank you so much for all of that information and it just shows that research really is the most important thing when it comes to finding the right neighborhood for you, for your budget and of course for your lifestyle. Now there is the perfect neighborhood for you out there. All you have to do is log on to privateproperty.co.z and explore all of the beautiful areas in our country. Whether it's your first apartment in the city, a trendy suburban townhouse or that dream family home on a gulf estate, there's a home for everyone on private property.

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VanOverbeke Rehired As Staples-Motley Football Coach

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It was just a month ago that the future of the Staples-Motley high school football program looked bleak after head coach Travis Van Overbeck's contract was not renewed by the school board. After a wide search for a new football coach, it was announced this week that a familiar face will lead the program this year. And going forward, Van Overbeck, who also serves as the Activities Director at Staples-Motley, was reappointed to his old position as head football coach for the Cardinals. Although the district remains tight-lipped about when asked about his contract, why it was not renewed last month, Coach Van Overbeck is just excited for the situation to be over and begin the football season. I'm most happy for our student athletes, for the football players themselves. There's been a lot of talk about are we gonna have football or not this coming fall. And a lot of these summer activities were put on hold starting about mid-April with the school board meeting. So I'm thrilled that we're going to be able to pull a season off. Student athletes are happy, players are happy, this community needs this. And we're looking to have a pretty good season the way it is. The Cardinals went five and five last season under Van Overbeck.

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New Face Of Fascism - Fascism In The Garb Of Communism In China?

New Face Of Fascism, Fascism In The Garb Of Communism In China, By Amrita Bhinder

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please subscribe to this youtube channel mentor talk can do press bell button for notifications in 2020 i thought it would be a good idea for youngsters to know that while we speak of the world war one and world war two we must understand the ideology is at play at that time the Nazi Germany was under the tag of the fastest of the world and fascism we are all very familiar with you would know of the atrocities that came under fascism and there was a linkages to that to nationalism so that will be wrong to understand nationalism to be fascism they are totally to different concepts fascist is a state which doesn't take no for an answer and that in the same understanding you need to see that communist is also the same kind of state which doesn't take no for an answer now in world war the communist and the democratic nations fought together against the fascist nazi germany in 2020 are we looking at the communist party of china the ccp actually being the nazi germany of today while the ideologies of communism and while we have ignored the amount of atrocities that happen in the communist regime if you look back at the numbers the numbers of people directly dying from the atrocities of a communist regime are way more than a fascist germany but the atrocities of a fascist germany are so horrific and all children know of that and it is on us right now as a democratic world to fight from a rise of the same fascism in present day times so to give you a little bit of an idea about how i i say the communist is actually kind of like a fascist is because if you look at the full on dong spirituality aspect it has been totally curbed in china now these were spiritual people and there is a rumor and it is reportedly actually said also that their concentration camps being set up set up and that's where they're at and same for the muslims i don't know if i got the pronunciation right for that so when it comes to spirituality china is not your place to be at and that is why you will find this type of tippet the tippetians are very spiritual in the aspect we don't need to look further than the bilayama now when you look at china's fascist regimes you understand and communist fascist regime i move on to i want to say the very again the bri as well as the dsr so the belt and road initiative is an expansionist attitude the dsr was the digital silk road that they had as early as 2015 they decided on this no outlook is expansionist this is not a collective effort for anybody to do well together this is about taking over putting you in a debt trap this is about subterfuge of your democracies for whether it be on the digital platform or whether it be in your parliament or whether it be at your borders china is now looking at being the expansionist in our current day world and for a humanitarian aspect i think it will be the democracies of the worlds coming together to take on an expansionist communist china and that is why i asked the question again that is china the new nazi germany please subscribe to this youtube channel mentor talk and do press bell button for notifications

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Microsoft Word Basics *

This video teaches students to open, use, and save a document in Microsoft Word. The video is used in the following Project I-DEA modules: Health & Wellness, Stress Management, Job Search & Interviewing, Cross-Cultural Communication, Contemporary World Problems, and Money Management. Unless otherwise specified, the Project I-DEA content is licensed under CC BY 4.0. The Project I-DEA was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and managed by the Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges. Photo Attribution: "Sadness" by greekfood-tamystika, Pixabay, CC0 https://pixabay.com/en/sadness-broken-heart-sad-girl-2042536/

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Microsoft Word Basics This video will show the basics of using Microsoft Word. First, open Microsoft Word. If you have a Microsoft Word icon on your desktop or taskbar, you can click on the icon to open the program. If you don't see an icon, you can find Microsoft Word in the list of programs on your start menu. After you open Microsoft Word, in most cases, you will need to select Blank Document to open a new document. Once this is done, you have a blank page. You can type a sentence, a paragraph, a whole paper, a resume, and many other things. First, I will type my name at the top of the paper. Then, I will press Enter on the keyboard to continue on the next line. Then, I will type my title. Stress. Titles are usually centered. So, to center the title, I highlight the word Stress by clicking and dragging my mouse over the word. Then, I go to Paragraph on the Home tab and choose the icon for Center. This will center my text. Now, I am ready to type a paragraph. Most paragraphs start with an indent. To indent the first line, press the Tab button one time. Then, begin to type. If you make an error, like I did just now, you can use the Backspace button on your keyboard to erase. Then, you can continue typing. As you can see, important has a red line underneath it. This means that the word is spelled incorrectly. I can go back to the word with my mouse, hover the cursor over the word, right-click, and select the word that I wanted to use. I meant to say Important. Click on Important, and it will be inserted into the Word document. Now, click on the end of the sentence to continue typing. Now that I have my paragraph, I can change the way it looks. To change the text, I highlight all of the text by clicking and dragging my mouse over all of the words. Use the tools in Font under the Home tab to change the font style, the font size, and even the font color. I can also change the words to be bold. To make all the words bold, I click B. To italicize the words, I click I. To underline all of the words, I click on U. To undo one of these actions, I just click on the letter again. I will remove the italics and underline, but leave my words bold. I can also change how my words are spaced. Right now, all of my words are single-spaced. I want to make them double-spaced. To change the spacing, I will leave my words highlighted and go to Paragraph on the Home tab and choose the icon for Line and Paragraph Spacing. I will scroll down the list and click on 2.0. This will double-space my paragraph. I like how my text looks, so I will press Enter again to go to a new line. Now I will insert an image into Word. When you insert images, it's easiest if you already have an image saved to your computer. To insert an image, select Insert and click on Picture. Next, look for your picture where you saved it. I saved my picture in the Pictures folder, so I will look there. When you find your image, select it and click Insert. Now the image is in my document. I can adjust the size of the picture by clicking on the corner and dragging. I can also move the picture around if I want to by clicking on the border. When you are finished with your document, you will want to save your document before you close it. After all of your changes have been made, you need to save your document. To save your document, click the File tab and select Save As. Then select the location you want to save your file. Then type the name of your document in the box next to the words File Name and click Save. If you are using a school computer, be sure to ask your teacher where to save your document. I am using my own computer. I am going to save my file on the desktop. I click the File tab, then select Save As. Next, I click this PC and select Desktop. Then I am going to type Stress Paragraph and Pictures next to the File Name and click Save. Now my file is saved to my desktop. You have learned the basics of Microsoft Word. Now it's your turn to try it. You can watch the video again or ask your teacher if you have questions.

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Mantic Quick Tips! - Reposing Miniatures

Elvis is back with another Mantic tips video as he shows you how to repose your minis to add that extra flair to your army! https://www.manticgames.com/ for even more Mantic! https://www.manticblog.com/ - The latest goings-on from the Mantic Bunker https://www.facebook.com/manticgames/ - All of our live content and news!

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Hello everyone and welcome back to another episode of Mantic Quick Tips. In this one this is a kind of an extension from one of our last videos where it's a couple of people said about being able to use hot water not just to fix bent miniatures but also repose miniatures. So in this one we are going to show you how to repose miniatures and change how they look so if you're doing a big unit of them you can make them look slightly different. But before we do that now that we've got our nice awesome sweet setup where you can see everything that's going on. I'm just going to show you how to fix the bent candlestick on this one. So we're just going to hold it in. This time I am using a pair of clippers just so that I don't get dangerously close to the hot water like last time. And with that as you can see this one is now super bendy. So what we want to do is we want to try and get as flat as we possibly can. And there we go now we have a straight candlestick. So it's nice and quick and easy. Just make sure you get the hot water hot enough but not boiling. Okay and now we're going to show you how to repose miniatures. Okay so all we're going to do is do the same as last time. And we're going to hold the piece that we want to bend into the hot water. You don't need to hold the whole model because otherwise it would just make the rest of the model bendy while we're trying to bend his shield on. So now this is slightly thicker than the candlestick that we just did. So you will have to hold it in longer because it won't heat through quite as quickly. See how bendy that is. There you go as you can see all we're going to do bend the arm inwards. Now if you start to see white marks on here put it back into the hot water and start letting it heat through because if you're getting white marks that means you're bending the actual plastic itself rather than heating it and bending it. And they are stress marks and you don't want that because then it has a chance to snap. So as you can see by that we have now reposed his arm so you look similar to the one standing next to him. And what we can do is we can go one further as Rob has done on this one and actually bend the other arm as well. There we go slightly angled his axe carrying arm so he has a slightly different position on it so that he looks completely different to the rest of them. And now for something bigger. So this can be done on any of the hard plastic kits so the only thing this won't work with is the sprued plastic. So the ones you get inside a little bag there you'll be able to repose these just like this. So this is what the regular one looks like standing next to the awesome Martin's reposed one. And as you can see he's slightly positioned the arms differently just to make him look slightly different so he's moved this arm up and these arms across slightly. So let's have a go at repositioning these ones. So as I said the thicker the material or the bigger the model gets does tend to take a little bit longer. I know Rob repositioned Aguilife and with that he had to leave it in hot water for about 10 minutes before it actually heated all the way through so he could bend the tentacles on it. So it all just depends how thick the model is as to how long you need to leave it in the water. And luckily you don't need to worry about things like the plastic melting because it's never going to get hot enough for that to happen. So I'm just bending that up slightly and there we go it looks different already. And this will also help when you want to try and rank the units up as well because if you get a part that's touching you can just put it in some hot water bend it slightly forward so they don't touch the model that's next to them. So you can get a nice big unit of these guys for Kings of War and they're all fit nicely in the unit and then you can make them look different as well. And that's it everyone thank you very much for watching as always pop your comments down in the comment section below let us know what you want us to do next and if you have any questions or anything like would do our best to answer it. Please like and subscribe because it helps and we'll see you again in the next one.

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How ICTs help people quit smoking in Costa Rica - Be He@lthy, Be Mobile

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are making an increasing contribution to all areas of development, not least in the area of human health. This video showcases the novel mCessation campaign to help smokers quit, using mobile telephone technology in Costa Rica, with an advertising campaign featuring some of Costa Rica's best known football stars, such as Elias Palma. Learn more about the Costa Rica mCessation initiative, and the Be He@lthy, Be Mobile initiative at http://mhealth4ncd.itu.int/

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ICTs are making an increasingly valuable contribution to all aspects of development, not least in the field of human health. Kenneth is one of many Costa Rican smokers who managed to quit with the help of a mobile health application developed in collaboration with ITUD. The program is very helpful, giving you tips and reminding you to stay clean. It was great. It worked. Our experience has been a good one. It's a low cost but highly effective system. ICTs are an invaluable tool in ensuring good health in the future. To spread the word about the program, the government has launched an advertising campaign featuring some of Costa Rica's best-known soccer stars. Costa Rica is full of avid football followers. We have lots of fans, there are lots of kids, lots of young people that follow us, and I think that it's good to be able to give them advice. I feel totally different. I can notice the change. Everybody should quit.

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JOHN PARK'S WORKSHOP LIVE 7/8/21 Ableton Live Macropad @adafruit @johnedgarpark #adafruit

Visit the Adafruit shop online - http://www.adafruit.com ----------------------------------------- LIVE CHAT IS HERE! http://adafru.it/discord Adafruit on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/adafruit Subscribe to Adafruit on YouTube: http://adafru.it/subscribe New tutorials on the Adafruit Learning System: http://learn.adafruit.com/ -----------------------------------------

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Hello there and welcome to the show. It's me, John Park and this is John Park's workshop here on Adafruit Industries, YouTube and other places. And we have confirmation from the good people over in our chat that we are live on YouTube. We should be on Twitch and LinkedIn live and Facebook and gosh, all sorts of places. Yes, confirming bleeps and bloops. Thanks so much. Hello Rich Sad, hello C Grover and to Callaway. Look, these are all the people that are hanging out over here in our Discord right there. And hi Mr. Certainly. Nice to see you Gary Z. So, hey Andy Callaway, let's see what have we got in store for today. I am excited, really excited about today's project. It involves our macro pad, our little Adafruit macro pad as well as some MIDI coding in Circuit Python to be able to talk to and listen to Ableton Live, which is some music software. So that's going to be a lot of fun to dig into. And what else? We've got, I'm going to talk about the jobs board, we've got an upcoming Adabox I want to mention. We'll take a look at the last product pick of the week as well as do a new Circuit Python parsec. And of course I'll take any and all questions over in the YouTube chat. I'll keep an eye out there. And on our Discord chat, hey Stuart Riggs, hey UNESCO, Johnny Bergdahl, Meridian Prime, hello, hello. So let's get started. First of all, I don't have a graphic for this, I forgot to add one, but Adabox is coming. So if you are interested in getting the next Adabox and you are not subscribed, head to Adabox.com. You can sign up or you can sign someone up as a gift to them. And you will receive, if you get within the next hundred or so, I think we have about a hundred slots left. Tell me in the chat if I'm wrong on that, but I think we have a few slots left where you can go and sign up and get this upcoming Adabox, which is Adabox 19. I think I got that right. I think it's 19. We've been doing these for a long time now, four a year, Adabox 19. That's almost five years worth, right? According to my math. And that one will be shipping soon in the next few weeks, I think. And I'll be targeting doing a live unboxing on roughly the last week of July, maybe first week of August. That's kind of what we have in the works right now. Things can change. Of course we're like anyone else out there dealing with parts shortages and shipping delays and all those sorts of things. So it could change. But that is our thought right now is last week of August, sorry, last week of July, first week of August, roughly in there, is what we're targeting. And so I need to start getting my costumes together. It should be fun. I'm looking forward to it. Next up, Help Wanted. We've got a jobs board. Did you know that? That's right. If you head over to, let me switch to my browser here, the jobs.adafruit.com. That's it right there. And I've clicked on one of the many jobs available. If you go to jobs.adafruit.com, you can see these are the search jobs section. And I clicked on this one here, Circuit Python Project. It is a freelance gig. Someone is looking for consultation and help with some Circuit Python and possibly designing a PCB and a PID controller. So if you're looking for some freelance work, go to the jobs board and check that out. We vet them all so that these are what we consider to be good quality, non-scammy job openings and freelance and contract jobs. Part-time, full-time, the works. And you can also post your resume on there if you head up to the available for hire section. If you log in to Adafruit, you can go and it's entirely free. So I recommend you go check that out if you're looking for work, if you're looking to hire someone. That's jobs.adafruit.com. And let's see. Next up, the, that's not the new water. I forget my new water. Oh, there it is. There's a new one. Yeah, someone mentioned that Lars looks like he might be falling asleep over there. What's up, Lars? What's up with that guy? All right, what's next? I will mention the show that I do on Tuesdays, which is my product pick of the week. Each week, each week, I pick a new product. Usually something brand new. Sometimes it's a revision of something. Sometimes it's just because I feel like it. But this one is a 2.13 inch e-ink display breakout. And it has a nice high resolution of 250 by 122 pixels. You can control it from circuit Python. You can control it from Arduino. You can control it from Python on your computer using Blinka through a microcontroller. And during the show, the product pick of the week is on a deep discount, usually 50% off. So it's a great time to get the product. And I like to do about a 20 minute, half hour show going into some of the details of the product, doing a project or two with it, showing you some of the code. And then I do a little one minute recap. So this is the recap from this week's product pick. Check it out. The 2.13 inch monochrome e-ink display breakout. You can see here this is a really gorgeous display. It's nice and high resolution. So you're going to see it's going to do a little refresh. There it kind of inverts the screen, does black, does white, and then it displays it. What I wanted to do is actually set this up as sort of a page a day calendar. I'm going to run a little Python script. It's now updated it with today's day and date. And that's grabbing it from my computer, which is what that Python script does. And so every hour, both my Python script and the circuit Python script running on this little microcontroller will go and check, essentially the computer will check and see, hey, what's today's date, day and date. And then it's going to send that over serial on the USB over to the itsy-bitsy M4 circuit Python software there is waiting for input. And when it grabs that input, it then displays it up there. The monochrome 2.13 inch e-ink display breakout. Let me see. There we go. Got the sound back. Keeping an eye on that. I want to get caught out. Next thing I wanted to do, let me get some things set up and we'll take a look at this week's circuit Python Parsec. All right. So, I'm going to don some glasses here so I can see the code and get my code window set up. There it is right there. Okay. For the circuit Python Parsec today, what I wanted to talk about is formatting strings along with numbers inside of your code. Sometimes you want to just simply print out to the serial or the REPL or to a display some information and you want to format it nicely. So, here are a couple of ways that you can do it. Right now, what I have going on in the code is I'm importing time so I can do a little pause. I'm importing board so I have pin definitions. I actually don't need those in this case. And I'm importing random so that I can generate some random numbers just to make it more interesting. Then in the main loop of the program, what I'm doing is I am creating three variables named number one, number two, and number three. And those are numbers that are created using this random dot rand int and then a range. So, I'm saying zero to 39. So, it can be any integer between zero and 39. Those get generated each loop of the program. Then the next thing that happens is I go ahead and I print out the phrase that you see here below, random combo is and then a number like 29 left, 15 right, 6 left as if we're generating numbers for a combination lock. I'll go ahead and run that so that it is updating real time. So, you can see it waits four seconds and then it's going to go ahead and repeat that, except this time it's generated a new number. Now, what you can see about the way I am formatting this print statement is that it is kind of long and a bit confusing to deal with sometimes, especially when you look at all these commas. I wanted to do things like have the word random combo is, then a number, then the word left, then a comma, then quotes, and then another comma. So, it's totally doable, but it can get a little confusing. So, here's an alternate method. And this right here I think is a little more manageable sometimes. Here you can see I have the whole phrase as I want to see it right here says random combo is and then I'm using this percent D, which means we're going to go outside these quotes and grab the first variable as an integer number and plop that in. Then I have the word left, then I go and do the same for the next one. I grab this number two, then the word right, comma, and then the third one. And I go and grab number three. So, you can see if I save the code right now, it's going to refresh and it looks the same. It actually prints out the same type of statement, but it's really nice and clear and concise both the way it prints out but also the way we deal with it. If you have to change any variables here later, it's nice and neat and easy to understand. And that is one way that you can format your print statements inside of CircuitPython. And that is your CircuitPython parsec. All right. Well, I hope that's helpful for you. And of course, formatting is one of those things that can get really complicated really quickly. You can do a lot with it. There are ways to convert things and as you can see in some of the code there, I have some carriage returns going on. This little slash n here gives me essentially a return or line return. So, there's a lot that you can do, but these are two methods that I think are helpful. And then you can always go online and find lots and lots of advice for string formatting in Python. Let's see. The next thing I want to do is jump into a little gear report thing, actually. You can see it right here on the screen. It's this little helping hand. And this one is a new one I just got. Let me go full screen with this. Let me try to refocus a little bit so you can see the helping hand a little better. There it is. So, this one, it was new to me. I haven't seen this style before and it is reminiscent a little bit of the type of machining that you see in stop motion puppet armatures. It's really nicely machined with these little ball and socket joints. It's actually similar to the very, very cheap magnifying glass third arm helping hands that you find, except it's not really, really cheap and so everything actually cranks down nice and tight and gives you a solid fix once you've cranked it in there. In fact, rather than having sort of wing nuts on either side, it uses a little screw with an allen or a hex head on it so you have to get a tool out and really crank it down if you want. You can also kind of loosen it by hand a little bit and move it around here. And it's of course not made for holding very heavy things, but it does seem to be with this nice heavy base and this really precision made clamp here. Let me give you some better focus. It gives a nice steady hold so you can see if you're soldering something onto a thing like that. We can clamp into there, put it where we want it, do our soldering, look at it under microscope, whatever you're doing. This can also be screwed down into a work surface if you need or something heavier. This I think is, I haven't checked, but I think it should be ferrous. Let me get a magnet. Any of it? Nope. It's not ferrous. Okay. I was hoping this would be. It is not. Sometimes you'll find some parts are. Nope. Okay, that is, but only mildly so. And this is just a section of the arms that are on. Actually, let me up to my workbench. You may find these elsewhere. Let me pop a camera up in here. I don't know if these were made by Meritac themselves. This was the little box that came in. This is Meritac on there. These are some of the extras for it so you can see you could really extend the heck out of this thing. I'm not sure what situation you'd get into where you needed that much, that many joints, that many points of articulation, but I don't know, I might do some stop motion animation with it just because it's so cool. And these are little extras of the little clamps. I may have, here's a cheap one. These are some of the remaining parts of a cheap one. And these, there are probably good versions of them. This one is one of these cheap ones that just doesn't grip after a while. These actually, I don't think they deburred the edges there so they actually have a little bite to them, which may be intentional just to give it some good grip. So that was, that's Meritac is the brand behind that and you might just look online to find that it was sent to me by Countycom. And this one they sent me for free, by the way, I buy a lot of stuff from them. Sometimes they send me something. So I just wanted to be upfront about that that I didn't buy this set, but I think it was not expensive. I think it was in the 20 something dollar range. So let's go in and out of stock. I don't think it's in stock right now, but just want to show that off because I thought it was cool and you might dig it. Yeah, the hobby hand by Meritac is in the discord chat there it says. Yeah, and Stuart Riggs said you could three print some TPU on the end clamps for insulation. Absolutely. I often have put just some heat shrink on on my helping hands. So there you go. And Mr. certainly found some links that you can go to in the discord if you're wondering about it. All right, let's see. Then what do we do? Let's let's dive into the project this week. So a little setup on this, the project I've got, I said it's using the macro pad. And you can see here, a couple things going on. This is the windowed keycaps that that Adafruit has now. I've just gotten a set of those they're not cheap. As someone pointed out, they're they're four dollars and 50 cents each. So it is an investment. If you're going to get out a whole macro pad like this. But it is really cool. It looks great. It makes less of a sort of wash of light. And instead you get some very nice sort of focused little buttons on here. And you won't see them yet because I haven't hit any buttons to light it up, but you will in a moment. In fact, if I if I hit reset, you'll see during reset, there's one that this one blinks right here. Big, big, big. So let me set up my camera focus on this guy a little better now. And bear with me. I'll point that. Whoops. And now I've done it. I've launched some music. Sorry about that. Jumping the gun. The next. Okay, so the next thing I want to do is introduce Ableton live a little bit, which is what I'm setting this macro pad up as a as a launcher for. So there's my get a better view of that with less glare. There is a lot of glare. Okay, at least it's oh, whoa, way out of focus. All right, there we go. Phew. So I'm gonna let me hide some windows here for a second so that you can see just Ableton first. And okay, so the way Ableton works is that it's it's music software. It has a few different ways of working. You can use it to record like a sort of somewhat typical digital audio workstation or DAW or DAW. It is also used the the name of Ableton. It's called Ableton live and it's often used as a live performance tool for live looping. And what you're looping is little clips that are either some set of MIDI notes that are playing through an instrument, a software instrument built into it, or a wave file, a sample. So most of the things actually all the things in here, these are these are samples. So it's music that's been produced in little loopable sections that work together. They're in the same key, they're in the same tempo. And typically, you saw over here actually typically people use instead of clicking on things in the software, which we can do if I click play here, I'm playing just this first drum track. Now I'll add to it sort of horizontal things work together. So there comes the bass in. And here's a little synth line. Now you can launch all of those together, or you can move down to the next section, and so on. So go ahead and stop that. And one way that Ableton is often used is with some sort of a control surface. So this is a launch pad from Novation. And these are really popular for playing back the different clips because these are neopixel or RGB LED lit pads, which when you plug this in, will conform to the session that you have running. So we'll get LEDs lit up that match each of those columns and rows. And they're really great. A lot of fun. Somewhat customizable, but not a micro controller that you can actually code yourself. And so what I wanted to do is create a similar type of launch pad or launch controller using our macro pad here, and be able to press a button on my launch pad here, or on my macro pad. Oh, I've broken something. What have I done? Let's let's reset. I may have angered it. Like I said, I might have some setup to do. Okay, it's working. I think it's working. Yeah. So here's a couple things you'll notice. First of all, when I start up the macro pad, I've got a little display that I've created here that tells me the names of the instrument tracks, these vertical tracks of clips. And I have indicators with these little dots of which one is currently armed and playing. And I also have a little knob. You can see here, look at my focus. I have a little knob there with a number that's changing, which says cutoff. I'm going to use that to change the cutoff frequency of a filter. And I also have this is a push encoder so we can click it and you'll see it changes something on the display there. It changes that little circle to a dot. And I just chose to use text for this rather than graphics. You could use graphics, but so my text of a lowercase o is a clip that's playing and a dot is one that's not. But you'll notice my LEDs there, the neopixels under these caps are not lit up right now. But watch what happens here. I'm going to go to Ableton and I'm going to click on hopefully you can see it. It's just the upper right corner. I'm just going to click on a button that you use, whoops, there we go, that you use to set things up in MIDI. And that is one of many ways that you can refresh your controller. Another is just to open a new scene. So if I have nothing loaded and then I open this new session, this new Ableton session, it will light up all these LEDs. And what you'll notice is let me, let me mess with my exposure a little bit here to darken it. So what you'll notice is those colors actually match the colors in my clips here. So I have a sort of light blue, a purple, a blue, a dark blue as the first set of clips running vertically in this drums column, then these different yellows and oranges, and then these reds and magentas. So those correspond to the buttons here. And in fact, if I change one, let's, we'll take this bottom right one, and I'm just going to change its color, we'll change it to blue. You'll see that just change on my macro pad, which is really, really cool. It's actually the kind of one of my, my favorite parts of this whole project is the fact that we've got this back and forth between the hardware and the software, which sometimes you take for granted with sort of coupled integrated hardware software solutions. But this is the case where we're doing a DIY project that's ostensibly just a MIDI device just sends out MIDI messages over USB to the software. But the real magical thing is that Abled and Live is set up to send its own MIDI messages back to the controller to tell it what to do as far as its lights go. So if you, if you watch here, what I'll do is I'll arm some clips, means they're going to play, they will turn green, whichever ones that I've, that I've got playing. They'll turn green and when I play a different clip in that column, it will turn green, but it will set the last button that was pressed to its original color. So you'll see here, this first one is blue. Play that. And now it's green. Now play the next one below it. And you'll see this one turn blue again. Let me do it over here in the, I'll rearm that first one. And you'll notice my display is updating as well. Now in the last column here, I'm going to play the synth line. See that turn green. Now play the next one down. And again, you'll see the color swap. Now when I'm done playing them, what I'm doing is I'm holding down this modifier, which is what I'm considering that knob to be, you'll see it dims my, all of my LEDs, which is an indication to me that this is used to sort of mute something essentially. And I'm also changing the little indicator on the screen there. Then I can press pretty much any button in a column, and it's going to mute that whole column in essence. So if I'm playing this drum beat, and then mute it, it stops all of them. If I play this first drum beat again, I can actually mute anything in the column. And it stops those. One thing also you'll notice if you're not familiar with these types of looping software is that they don't immediately respond to what you're doing because they are essentially quantizing your time to a measure or a few measures or a certain number of notes so that the timing you can say, hey, go ahead and bring the basin. It won't just bring it in in a way that clashes with the actual beat of the song. It waits until you reach the next bar typically. So that's why you'll see sometimes there'll be a couple buttons lit up green until it switches into the next measure. And then it turns off the previous one. Now I also mentioned I've got the this cutoff value. So let me I'm gonna play a whole section here. And then I will turn this up and you'll hear essentially the low tones drop out. So this will use a filter to cut away. It's a low pass filter, it's going to cut away some of the lower frequencies as I increase that value. That is the sort of demo of it doing what it does. But now I want to talk about how it does this, how these things actually work. So this is the part that I got really excited about working with this what I'm going to do is I'm going to turn on a display here of let's see, there we go. I'm going to display my MIDI monitor. So there are versions of this on any operating system. There's even ones that work inside of browsers inside of Chrome browsers and others that allow USB MIDI. And what this is doing is this is essentially spying on the traffic going on. So what I'll do is I'll actually set this up to just spy on my macro pad here. When I press a key and just so yeah, I guess I'll just turn the volume down a little bit so you'll still hear the music but not as loudly. So here I go I'm going to press this first button. So what you can see here is it sent four actually it sent two messages ignore these invalid ones we have an extra byte right now that's being sent in USB MIDI this is being fixed I think in tiny USB. The two messages that are being sent are note on over channel one so MIDI has 16 channels. The MIDI note number MIDI note numbers exist from zero to 127. And those those represent typically the pitches on your keyboard or piano or whatever however you want to consider it but the musical pitches. And in this case, though, that's not not how it's used that note on message is actually being used to just tell the clip in the upper left cell of what you consider a essentially a spreadsheet of clips. The first upper that upper left one is considered number 81. I think the bottom left one is on on a pad like this I think is 11. So they started 11 and they go over to what 18 and up to 88. So that's the grid we're working with. So we send a note on message and the number 127 you see here that is the velocity. A velocity 127 means you've hit it full hard in case you're used to MIDI controllers that let you hit something softly or hard. But again, it's just used in this case to reinforce the notion of we're playing that clip, sending I believe sending anything other than zero would probably turn the clip on. Then it sends a note off message. So this is like you've pressed something and released it. Now, in some cases, if that were a synthesizer, it would play a note until you released it if that's if that note had built in sustain. In this case, it's just flicking that state of that clip to the on position releasing doesn't turn it off. So note on note off, that's how you tell one of these cells to start playing. If I switch to the next note below it, that's note 71 on off, and so on. But now, interestingly, that's not the only messages that are happening here, I'm only looking at those. So if I turn that off for a second, so I'm going to tell MIDI monitor don't show me when I press a note. Okay, I'm not looking at that that data flowing by just to clean things up. But what I will look at is it I've got this great. This is MIDI monitor, it has this little option called spy on output to destinations. So I'm gonna spy on the traffic that's going from Ableton live on my computer over to this MIDI controller. So right now, you can see this first upper left button here is green. I think it is yeah, it's green. So that's the one that's playing right now. And you can see there's a little green arrow on that cell in Ableton. When I press the next one, you're going to see, even though we're not watching the traffic go from my mic, my macro pad to the computer, what we will see is that traffic flows back this way. And we'll take a look at what that is. Okay, so I pressed the second key. Then some information came back at my controller from Ableton that said this note on on note 71 at a value of velocity 69, then note off, then on the second MIDI channel. So that was channel one, channel two, it did a note on same note, but a different number for the velocity and then a note off on channel one channel one again. Then it repeats this, then it sends on channel three, the same note, the data, the velocity is 21. And then finally, the last thing it did was it sent over channel one to note 81. That was that first button, if you remember, the value of 33. So what the heck is all this? Actually, we'll start with that bottom one. If you watch when these change, let me clear this again. Last thing that happens is the top button turned back to its original color. And so that is how Ableton is sort of co-opting MIDI messages, essentially to use them as RGB LED data control protocol. So everything you see here is messages about lighting up the LEDs. So let me pause or stop that. So what I figured out, and it's a bit of a chicken and the egg thing, you can look in the manual, there's a developer's guide from Novation for their launch pad, which there are about six or seven different versions of this kind of thing now going back many years. And if you look in the developer's guide there, or if you have one and you spy on the traffic, what you learn is they actually use three MIDI channels, one, two and three, to mean different animation states of the LEDs. So sending something on channel one is an on and off. Sending something on channel two, I think is a blink. Sending something on channel three is a breathing, like a soft fade up fade down. Now, I don't have the macro pad set up to use the animation state stuff right now, so it just doesn't do any of that. That could be something we add. So a lot of those messages kind of don't matter. But the last one is that it turns it on and off to green. So again, if I press that, let's say button two there, that's this number 71, and it goes to velocity 21 on channel three, that channel is the, or sorry, that that velocity value 21 is the color index for green. And I'll show you show you the color index list in a second. The, in this case, sending note 81 to color 33, that's just because 33 was its original color that we picked. So as I go through these, you'll see that final message will vary depending on what color we're getting something to land on. So you can see lands on 33, lands on color 69, lands on 78. So those are all different indexes for these blue colors. So let me show you some code. So let me open up my code that I have running on here, bring that up. And let's make that a little bigger, actually, one second. So I will kind of obscure some stuff for a minute while we do that. Go, open it so I can see it. Okay, so let's let's dive into this a bit. Here is the code that's running on this macro pad. And I'm going to open up a screen session, so that we can also see some of the print statements that I'm doing here. So what's happening here? The imports here for a bunch of libraries. Nothing you'll find surprising. It's it's keypad, it's display IO, it's the font with terminal IO, neopixel, rotary IO, using simple math constrain library to keep some numbers within a certain range using display text label, the debouncer, and then all this USB MIDI stuff. So USB MIDI and Adafruit MIDI for control change, which is the knob dial stuff, note on note off as well as MIDI message, which lets us capture unknown events in case we need to see some messages coming from the controller that don't fit one of those other categories. Next thing I've got going on here is that I'm setting up some variables that we'll use in a few places. So live launcher 2040 is what I'm calling it. And that is both what gets printed to the screen here and also gets printed down in the serial. I print it right here. Then this is one of the very few things that I've hard coded. Unfortunately, the so far I've not found a way to, I don't believe Ableton is sending things like the track name over to the device in the case of this launchpad. The one exception is maybe the Ableton push and push to which are some more sophisticated devices that have a screen on them. And there may be some others that have screens. So it might be worth looking at those. I think they may be using the Cissex messages, which are another type of MIDI message that can be used for kind of anything you can dream of. So that's possible that we could grab names of things and put them the screen. But right now I'm just punting on that. And I've just named my three track sections, their drum bass and synth. And then also hard coding. You could maybe create a configuration on the macro pad to decide this at the beginning, but I've just decided that I'm using MIDI CC number 74, which is often used for filter cutoff. And I'm naming the text that shows up here cutoff. Ideally, you'll set this up once and not change it much, at least that part of it. Then I'm setting up MIDI and these are being set up on USB both as an in on USB port zero and an out on USB port one that also travels over one cable. And since I'm reading on three channels, I've got it set up as zero one and two, which is translated from circuit Python zero one two to MIDI one two three. Same with this out channel, I'm actually sending out over MIDI channel one, which is specified here as zero. Then I am setting up the keypad to use these keys, which are from the upper left corner one through 12. And then creating my keypad object. And then here's my big huge list of colors. So that is the official list from the manufacturer of this particular controller. They have some software that you can use to use this controller with pure data, which is free and open source equivalent of max for max MSP. And so I believe you could use this macro pad with some alterations inside of pure data as well as inside of max and probably max for live and live. So there's a lot of options there because they're all sort of living in the same world together. This is this list of the colors you can see color index zero is off is black. And then the rest of these are all the rainbow colors that we can use. And again, you can let me open up the developer guide. I think I saw a link to it in the discord that someone posted. If not, I will bring it up myself. Let's see. No. Okay, yeah, let me let me bring that up myself real quick. So let me go here, here. Oops, go back to that. So if we do novation, launch pad, I think it's called programmers reference. That looks good. Sure. So that is actually what I was using, or maybe the mini mark three one, which has one fewer set of buttons around the edges there. But this is terrific resource. It tells you everything you want to know about how to interact with the device via MIDI. So really cool that everything is done with MIDI. So you don't have to worry about a particular weird new protocol or a which programming language you're using so long as you can send MIDI messages, you can talk to this thing. And here's the color palette. It wasn't listed in here as their hex or RGB values. But I did find that in our cycle, which is this pure data library or patch collection that was created by novation. So going through this thing is really interesting. And you'll learn a lot about how it uses the different MIDI channels and the different velocities to specify different animations and so on. So jumping back in here, let me get back to my code. And let me know if you have questions, I'm keeping one eyeball on the on the chat there in in both the YouTube and on the discord. Someone asked, if you're left handed, can you have the potentiometer on the left side? So this is an encoder. And the one thing you could do is rotate the whole device this way, and then use left handed encoder and get the screen in the lower right. And we have some some code for doing that rotation to flip the screen and flip the button order. So let's see. Next thing I do is I set up the pads. So since live talks to the the pads of the keys with those MIDI note numbers, 81, 82, 83, 45, 78, across the top, and so on. I'm just three wide and four high. So I've set up a little, little dictionary here for correlating MIDI note numbers like 81 to physical keys on this the key switches, which in this case would be zero through 11. Then I have the notes that I can read so that I can again check and see which index I get when a note comes in or when I send a note out. I had to offset my CC values, I can't remember why, by 20. Why did that? Oh, I think I just didn't want to start at zero. The software initializes at zero. And I didn't want to send my CC all the way to the to the basement. So I just pushed it up by 20. It's a hack. The modifier is the state that I'm using to read when I press that in and out. So initially false. And then again, speaking of hacks, the way that I'm actually turning off notes is there may be a better way to do this. But the sort of simplest way I found was inside of live. When you are playing any notes in these any clips in these rather, if you want to turn them off, you can just hit the stop button, which appears in any empty cell. You can also press the stop button down here. But I forget what the deal was with that like it didn't send MIDI when we did that. In fact, we can spy right now. So that's what happens when I play when I hit stop here. Yeah, didn't send the same data that this stop here did. So those you have to set up that's the that's the main thing you can have a big huge session with with clips everywhere won't bother anything but you do need one set of blanks here that we can go to for essentially hitting stop on a clip. Because I didn't find it easier way to do that. So if you do, let me know, I'll be putting out a guide. The code is now in our learn guide repo inside of GitHub. So you can go check it out now and start start having a look. Oh, I'm sorry, I didn't know if I pushed that screen change. So you might not have seen that. So let's see next thing in the code. Yeah, not sure what you're clicking enabled and sorry, let me let me move this screen out of the way and actually send you there you go now you can see it. So in Ableton, any of these blank clips are in this particular row. And that's what I'm telling the macro pad to send. So it's essentially trying to send to a fifth row that doesn't exist. Those are blank. That that and that work great. This this and this did not work great for I think didn't send the MIDI colors back that I needed or something like that. So bring this back here. Make sure update there you go. And so next thing I do is some encoder setup, some neopixel setup, display setup, I'm going to cruise through this stuff because it's really similar to stuff we've done before. Got my little label names for the tracks, setting up the display with all the display IO stuff. And then here's what's happening in the code and the main loop message in MIDI receive, that's the most important thing for that bidirectional for the stuff coming from your computer back to the macro pad, just receive MIDI messages. Then what do we do with them? If the message is a message in note on and the message velocity isn't zero, then I am going to switch the colors on a pad using this array of pixels that I have. So the the 12 pixels of the display and this big array that we saw of colors. So if the velocity is velocity zero, we would be playing that first color there, which would be black if it was a velocity of 127, we would grab this reddish color here, that is the last one in the in the list, if that makes sense. So that's how we're grabbing the taking the data that comes over MIDI and then applying it to setting the colors. Then if the message was a velocity 21, that's the green that shows that that's the pad playing. So we set the pixel to that color, but that's also a little bit of code that I'm using to change the display to whichever ones are playing having those little O's on there. So as I change these around, you'll see pixels go green, because they're the ones playing, but also my little dots turn into O's on the display. If it's a note off message, or it's a note on with velocity zero, they both mean the same thing, then I am. What am I doing here? I guess I'm just printing. I don't need this. Yeah, I'm just printing that out to the display. This is a little just a little more useful for the debug here. If it's a control change that's coming in, we're again just printing it. I don't think I'm doing anything in Ableton right now that's sending control changes right now, but I did see them. So I have that instance taken care of in case you do something more sophisticated in live. Or if you're using other controllers, so that's one of the things you can do is have multiple controllers hooked up to your session, and you may want to keep these in sync with each other. So Ableton uses these MIDI messages to send that info around among machines. And that's kind of just as an aside, kind of cool because MIDI, it was developed as back in 1983 as a musical instrument, digital interchange, I think, or digital interface, that isn't specifically limited to notes. It's anything from one machine telling another that they're syncing up their clocks so they stay in time to having a controller tell a synthesizer switch to a different preset to, like I said, showing a display on a little text showing up on a display. So this is not actually really an off-label use of MIDI. This is kind of what it was made for. It's somewhat funny to see note on messages and velocities used to say colors and channels used to say which animations, but not strictly forbidden, I don't believe. Then let's see the keypad event. This is part of the keypad library. This event is we're checking to see if keys have been pressed. If none of them have been pressed, this is the loop of the program that we've checked for any MIDI messages. Now we're checking for any knob stuff in here. So this is when I'm changing the encoder position, I'm sending the CC values, as you can see they're changing. And then this is my little modifier of clicking the button there. Changes this modifier state to true, which changes what happens when we press keys, which is the last section, kind of maybe the most important section here for actually playing with the thing. When there is a MIDI event or rather a keypad event, we grab the number of the keypad and that can be a bunch of them. But we will then go and check for any of those that have been pressed. If it's been pressed, and I don't have this little modifier held, then we're just going to simply send the note that's correlated to that index. So if you remember, let's say it's the one, two, three, fourth one here, that's going to send, where is it? One, two, three, four, right there. So that's going to send number 71. So that gets that gets sent to live, which tells it what clip to play. If I have the modifier, then I send those modifier notes, which essentially is playing that blank set of keys that don't exist. When I release, we send the note off message, which it doesn't probably strictly matter because it's not a momentary thing, but it is how the protocol works. And same with if we're holding the modifier, it sends to the modified list. And then we show the pixels. So hope that made some sense. And you can get what I'm going on about and what's exciting I think about working with this and sort of reverse engineering this. Not even reverse engineering that much because Novation puts out the guide to tell you how to use it. So it's really just implementing this thing. But it felt sure felt fun and hackerish to get in there and get it to do here the things that were meant for other types of controllers. I will show you let's see if I can share the let me go into the preferences in live. I'll probably have to open a new window share for this. I don't think that'll show up for you. Will it? No. Okay. So let me let me add a window to share here real quick on top. Bear with me. It's going to go into a black hole for a second. This is a dicey thing to do. It's going to make my broadcast software choke for a moment. Almost there. All right. I did it. Shoot. Sorry about that yet. It made my broadcast software think real hard. So if you look at the preferences here in Ableton under this MIDI section here you can see the the way that I'm telling it what kind of messages to send out are by saying OK send out with the protocol for and then pick your device. These are all different manufacturers devices that you can send out from from Ableton. Since the Adafruit Macro Pad is not listed as an official device that's OK. We just pick one that we want to sort of mimic the protocol. So I went with this launch pad mini mark 3 which happens to be the one I have. And then as the input that just says what sort of protocol surface protocol we're using as the input then I'm picking my my Macro Pad for both the input and the output. I'm going to do something funny here and I'm going to say let's make the output be my MIDI monitor. So I can say act as a destination for other programs. Now I can tell this to output straight to MIDI monitor and let's say I may have to close that preference. Let's see if we do. Oh no so it's working OK. So now you can see we can spy on all the traffic that this pairing of live and that control surface want to send out. So if I hit a clip here or a few of them you don't even need to have the device itself to see those messages and you can see what messages come from a device into into the software as well. So pretty cool that it's that that open and I think that's going to do it. So let me know if you have any questions in the chat. That was someone said that was an intense project. Yes that was a lot. But again I hope you dig it. And one thing actually I wanted to show is if we if we plug in the actual device here for a moment I'm going to unplug my macro pad you'll see that there are some things that I didn't yet implement. Let's go to the down camera. So there you can see sorry it's a bit washed out. So there you can see again that's going to do the same stuff. Right. It's going to launch. There you can see the animations. Right. So they do so pulsing and that's because that message came on Channel 3 I believe. And there's me just picking a blank row. One thing you can do is you can scroll. So if you have a bigger session inside of Ableton let me hide some things here in this layout again. Hide Adam and me monitor. Shoot that over there. OK. So you can see that. If you come over here and let's say should be able to copy and paste that and then we'll just change all these colors on this on this one here. So we see the change. So the launch pad here since it has more than 12 that showed this extra column. But if you go wider than the device you can actually scroll through and you can even see in Ableton it's got some little highlight yellow around the section that's linked to the view here. And I did I did set that up briefly just to see it's guess what another MIDI message. So let's see how that works. If I look at my MIDI sources of the launch pad here. DAW out. It has actually two MIDI channels that it can use. If we use the DAW out and I press this right scroll button. Hey look it sends a MIDI CC message. Oh sorry I'm not showing you that. Hold on. Bring that back up. There we go. So watch that MIDI monitor when I use the little scroll button. What's it send. It sends. That wasn't the. Sorry. That wasn't the scroll. There's the scroll. When I scroll sideways it sends a MIDI CC message MIDI control not a not a note on or note off. On channel one. On MIDI. Number ninety four and it's a velocity of one twenty seven followed by a velocity of zero. So that is what has been co-opted for the. Right arrow. Is data channel ninety four or CC channel or CC number ninety four. And ninety three is the left so you could use the left arrow right arrow down arrow up arrow. And those are all just these. Midi CC's being used to scroll around. So you can imagine if you wanted to. Not worry about the knob is a CC and instead use it to scroll sideways and maybe while you've got it clicked you can scroll up and down. You can move around a huge map of of. Info. One of the reasons I didn't implement that is that I'm not able to get info back about the names and then my screen will be lying lying to me so not as interested in that. But it's definitely a possibility. And I'd be interested to see if anyone digs deeper in and finds a way to make that happen. Last thing I'll say is that. I specifically was using the launchpad mini mark three but if you went and. Tried something like the push. Push to that's probably the most sophisticated controller it's made by able in themselves. If you're sending messages back and forth to the push that's where you may see some of these sysx messages that tell you things like names. So if I spy on that stuff. And set my output to be. Mitty monitor. And now come over here and I think I can right arrow. And left arrow is that going to work now. I don't know if you can do that scrolling how you can do that scrolling I don't know Ableton very well by the way so. I just see you know. Not sure what messages it sends. Hey I'm not seeing any messages all right that's not sure why there but I'm going to get out of my depth quickly so. So we'll we'll end it there but thank you thanks for for playing along with me as I do. Funky live stuff inside of circuit python using our little macro pad. And that's going to do for today so thanks for stopping by I will hang out in the chat for a little bit if you have other thoughts and questions. Be sure to tune in for all of our live streams that we have. We've got the 3d print three hangouts we've got ask an engineer we have desk of lady Aida will probably be on the Sunday those generally happen on Sundays. I think Scott has a show and tell or a deep dive tomorrow but I'm not sure so check check the blog for that. And if anyone knows you can mention it in the chat and yeah look our chat even has a little little bot where you can type in question mark showtimes and let you know what's happening. So I'll jump in the in the chat and hang out for a little bit. And I am gonna hang up this phone so thanks everyone for stopping by and I will see you next time bye bye.

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The inaugural lecture of Bart Rienties

The power of learning analytics to give students (and teachers) what they want... The power of learning analytics to predict the best learning approach for students, will be outlined by Bart Rienties in his inaugural lecture on Tuesday 30 January 2018. In his lecture Bart Rienties, Professor of Learning Analytics at the Institute of Educational Technology (IET) at The Open University, will describe how his research into learning analytics is enabling him to predict which learning strategy might work best for an individual student, and afterwards provide unique experiences depending on what the student wants.

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So I'm really grateful. I've seen many people have traveled all across the globe to come here, and I'm very touched and privileged that you've come all the way to this talk. I'm also really touched, I know that many of you couldn't make it, and you're viewing this online, so I'm waving to you online, so thank you for coming. Before I'm gonna talk about learning analytics, I'm gonna talk a little bit more about the three, or the two other amazing things that have happened to me in 2017. But before I do this, I wanna say a big thanks to some really amazing people. These amazing people at the Open University are continuously pushing the boundaries of learning analytics, and unfortunately, I couldn't fit all the people in this. If you're not on this picture, I do apologize, but it is an amazing group of researchers are really pushing the boundaries. At the same time, I'm really privileged to have been working for the last 18 years with some world-renowned researchers across the globe, and they've really, in a way, pushed the boundaries of my own thinking, and I'm really grateful for all of you who are watching them online, and the person who might have noticed is the person all the way at the left is my wife. She always has to hear me talk for hours and hours about all the articles, and she's the one really pushing me. So, I've asked you to get your phone out, and some people have already started to vote, which is good, which is surprising. The poll is already full, so 40 people have already started to vote without actually knowing the result, which is amazing. It's a little bit like Brexit. Perhaps people didn't really know what they voted for. So, if you want to re-vote, you can basically go to that site that I gave you, poll.ev. If not, then let's assume that, indeed, the majority of people were right that you've recognized 10 or more faces on the previous slides. So, while I will give this presentation, it will basically ask lots of questions. So, don't give the answer already if you don't know what the question is. That's the narrative. Right, amazing. So, 53% of you have already... Good. So, my first amazing thing was, of course, I became a professor in 2017, but the second amazing thing that happened was this. My wife thought, okay, we don't really have time for a dog, but let's just go on this website, borromardoggy.com, and see if there are any dogs out there who wouldn't mind to spend some time with two academics. And we came up with this amazing good dog called Tabitha. And this amazing dog is really amazing because she is a puppy entrained to become an assistant's dog. And these assistant dogs are absolutely amazing. Not only do they provide compassion and support to the people, they actually have some amazing skills. Like, for example, they can help you do the laundry. Who doesn't want to have a dog who can help you to do the laundry? How? Let's... The other thing that these dogs can do is they can withdraw money from the cash machine. Who doesn't want to have a dog that can withdraw money from the cash machine? Or they can help you to untie their laces or to help people to dress and undress. So that's really amazing. So we came into contact with Tabitha, who unfortunately is ill today, so we would have brought her in today, but unfortunately she's not in. But at the same time, we had another dog visiting us, which was Robbie, an amazing dog. And we had him for five or six days. And most recently, we also had Valencia, which is super exciting. And with these dogs, you can do experiments, like Pavlov, right? So you can collect lots of exciting data. So let me give you a little bit of exciting data about these dogs, and then you can afterwards see what do you think these dogs can do based on the data that I'm providing to you. So let's talk to Valencia. Valencia is black, has four paws, is a female, and is 12 months old, right? Robbie is also black, wow, has also four paws, amazing data, this is a really high quality data set, male and is nine months old. And then finally we have our star Tabitha, who is also black, four paws is a female, and she is 13 months old, so she's very experienced. So get your remotes out again and think about which dog can fetch, recall, roll over, sit, and wait on command. Is it one Valencia, two Robbie, three Tabitha, or you think all three dogs can do this, or perhaps none of the three dogs can do this? So you can now start to vote, because I made this available. So you can now start to indicate which ones you think and see data starts to emerge. And then suddenly the poll will be full because I have only a license for 40. So you have to be quick, if you're too slow you can't vote. So 63% of you think, or those who have voted, like with Brexit, those who, 63% think that all three can do this, well, let's have a look. Indeed, all three dogs can do this, isn't that amazing? Right, so the next thing, and I've already given you a hint on Twitter, I've uploaded a movie of one of the dogs playing with a purple squeaky toy. So a purple squeaky toy is the favorite toy of Valencia, Robbie, Tabitha, all three, or none of the three. Let's vote on that again. So get your big data set out, think about it creatively. Who do you think, oh, Tabitha is currently leading? Oh, the poll is already full, who thinks that Robbie, who has not voted, and who thinks that Robbie is the one? Yes, oh yeah, I see it in the back, oh, fantastic. Well, I unfortunately have to disappoint you that only 20% has got that right, because indeed it is Valencia, who loves a purple squeaky toy. The other two dogs love a blue ball, and they can play for hours. Okay, the next question. Some dogs, maybe all dogs, sleep during the night, and when they sleep they have a soft toy. So which of these three dogs do you think either sleeps with a panda, a moose, or a monkey? Sorry, it's the other way around. Does not sleep, trick question, negative reverse question. Which dog does not sleep with a soft toy? So voting again. Oh, it's getting close, it's getting close. Oh, it's a draw, it's 30, 30. So some of you think that none of the dogs sleep with a sleeper toy, and some of you indeed rightly predicted that it was Robbie who doesn't sleep with a soft toy, because Robbie is a male dog. I'm kidding. Who needs a soft toy, right? And then last but not least, and these are special skills, these special skills are special, all these dogs in a way have special skills, but these are the skills that we observed when they were visiting us. So it might be that these special skills they might actually have when they're not with us. So one of the dogs is when I blow my whistle, immediately comes to me, like within a flash, but more importantly, she can also hold the wait. So basically sit still for one minute when I say wait. So which of these three amazing dogs, or maybe all, can do this at the same time? Tabitha is currently in the lead, oh my God. I don't know who is voting so quickly or whether people are voting online, but it's impossible to get into this voting, it's good. But indeed, Tabitha, who unfortunately is ill today, is able to do this. So it's really a fascinating to see that just from some basic data we can already start to predict who is doing what. The next thing that was really exciting in 2017, I don't know why this is always moving around, it might be due to the wireless that everyone is on the phone, was that I joined the World Transplant Games and Hayes already gave the answer away, but let's pretend we don't know what happened in the race. So this is me clearly suffering, trying to hold onto the wheel of my mate, Frank van Impel, and I'm waving to you, Frank, and Eric Paul. And we were going and going and going, but what you don't see from this picture is that there are three other people here on this picture. First of all, if my remote works, if I'm standing, I should probably stand here, is my mom who's sitting here in front. So she completely, altruistically, donated one of her kidneys to me, which is amazing. So I became world champion with a 70-year-old kidney. So who says that an old part doesn't work? I don't know, it's great, I'm very super grateful. At the same time, the brother of Eric completely altruistically donated a kidney to Eric and gave him a new lease of life. And then finally, an anonymous motorbiker saved many lives, including the one of Frank, which of course is amazing. And our coach, Nico, I'm also waving to you, I know he's currently ice skating or speed skating. Our coach said, do a so-called negative split. Is there any cyclist here who knows what a negative split is? What is a negative split? Yes, so you start relatively slowly and then you keep your energy because at the second part of the race, you're gonna give it to full beans. And our coach recommended, let's go slowly first and then go faster afterwards. That was the idea that our teacher gave us. So in the amazing world of 2018, we're continuously collecting loads and loads and loads of data. And one of the things you can collect is where you're cycling. So we were cycling on that circuit. Another thing which you can see is you can see the altitudes that we're cycling on. Are we going uphill? Are we going downhill? And I have a laser. Then you can see the speeds that we were doing. On average, 36 miles an hour, which is kilometers an hour, which is quite given that it's quite a hilly stage. Then you can see the power that I was putting on the pedals. You can see my heart rate. And for those who are keen cyclists, my cadence. The cadence is basically a frequency in which you're typing. And some keen observers might see that there was no cadence here. So you might think, oh, Bart was just hanging in and not actually doing something. But sometimes when you collect data, things go wrong. But I was definitely, I can promise you, I was cycling tremendously. So what you also might see from the data is that there were consistent dips in the data. So what might that be? Bart was riding at the front. There were strong headwinds when we were going around. There was a mechanical problem. We were riding uphill. All we're doing, a turn 180. So turning around on a roundabout. So what do you think? Perhaps that could be as well, yes. Oh, thank you for those who are having faith in me. And thank you also for not mentioning any mechanical problems. Indeed, the answer was right. And you could have seen this on the Strav output because in this amazing circuit, there were two corners that we had to take 180. So of course we had to break in order to make the turn. So that was very well spotted. And later on, I will come back to this. The next question is, which of the four laps was actually the fastest based on the data that you present here? And my wife kindly said you can't see that from the data, so I've given you an extra option. It's hard to tell this from the data. So I'm going to give you one more time. So five more seconds. Which lap was the fastest? So AKA, did we listen to our teacher? Yes or no? Great. You all think lap four because that was a negative split. That's because we listened to the teacher. One thing is you can manipulate data. So I just made this first arrow slightly wider. But I've just manipulated that. Because actually the first lap was the fastest. If you look at our output, we drove the first lap in six minutes and three seconds with an average speed of 40k an hour with 297 watts. And then the second and the third lap, you can already see the data decreasing. So in a way, we didn't listen to our teacher at all. Nonetheless, we became world champion. I'm very proud of that fact. And we beat 23 teams, including the English, unfortunately, to say it. And the Spanish were 40 seconds behind us. So the next question, and you don't have to vote on this, who thus far has answered all questions thus far correctly? Just raise your hand. OK, I didn't predict that. So my next joke was, OK, you either must be family because then you would know the answers. You must be a real cycling enthusiast. Or you must know a lot about dogs. But no one had all the answers correct, so it highlights. It is, in a way, what have we learned thus far? Some data and some data points are really useful, while others are not. For example, the data that I showed with that the dog was black did not in any way predict whether that dog was able to do certain activities, whether it was a male or a female, who cares, right? Similarly, if you would look at my cadence that I was doing the data, that doesn't tell me how fast in a way I was pushing. But at the same time, some data is really useful, like, for example, speed. So at the same time, if you looked at my speed curve, you wouldn't have been able to predict the dips in the data if you wouldn't know what was going on. So you might predict, oh, it might be hills. But if you don't know where people are going, it is actually quite difficult to understand where our learners are going. So the crucial question in a way, and now I'm getting to the core of my lecture, is can we actually use all that learning data to basically help to improve our provision at the OP University and give students what they want? That's a big question. So what do students want? Big question. One way to do this is to basically ask them at the end of every module, were you happy with the provision that we provided to you, to this amazing 170,000 students? And what we did with work of Nylee and Vicky Marsha, I don't know where they're sitting, and also Denise, we collected lots and lots of data of all these students. And then we started to look which factor actually drives what students indicate they want. So we looked at characteristics of the module at the OP University. We looked at the student, for example, their age or their motivation, all kinds of big data. And we looked at this big data and then started to see what actually predicts their satisfaction. So we did this across 110,000 students, and we compared over 400 modules. And then we were able to say, OK, this is an excellent module. This is a good module, and this module, the students indicate they're not very happy with that. So what could be a reason for that? Well, bring out your remotes again. It could be, one, excellent modules have amazing teachers who give good advice. Two, it links well to their professional practice. Three, it links well to their qualification that they're doing. If you're studying nursing and you get a course on quantum mechanics, that probably doesn't necessarily link very well. Maybe it's the quality of the teaching materials. Or finally, it could be the quality of the teachers. So bring out your remotes again. And what do you think is the key indicator, according to students, what they think distinguishes excellent modules from not-so-good modules, according to students? I should have bought more licenses, you're so quick. Maybe the OU should buy some of these licenses that would be quite nice. So at number one is the quality of the teaching materials, quickly followed by the quality of the tutor. So you're thinking it has to do something with how we teach. And good advice from teachers would be useful, but perhaps you're thinking that's not the primary reason. So what we did in the data, we looked at two cohorts of students starting in 2013-14. And then we redid the analysis in 2014-15 with those students. So let's have a look at the top 15. So at the number one position, according to our analysis, was modules that were rated excellent had really good teaching materials, according to the students. And at number two were whether students were happy and satisfied with the assessment, the assessment facilities that they were provided. Quite interestingly, there are also some subtle differences. So the students starting in 2013 and 2014, they indicated, while the qualification aimed at was only the sixth most important thing for new students, while for continuing students, students who were already successful, at least with one modules, that was their third most important factor. While for new students in 2014-15 and continuing students, that became number two. So slowly, our students who are coming in are slightly changing their perspectives of what they actually want. And I think there's also quite nicely links to the change in tuition fee system, but also in terms of the students coming in with our redesign. Students want that their modules link to the qualification. So if you're doing a degree in nursing, I would love to do quantum mechanics, but maybe that's not the most logical option to choose. So if we then use another way of looking at this data, if we, for example, look at the satisfaction scores of these thousands of modules and looking at how well these students were doing, you would expect that students who are really happy would also do really well in terms of passing modules. So you would expect a nice upward trajectory in terms of that data. For those who understand scatterplots, it's not a straight line. Actually, there are modules where lots of people pass. Nearly everyone passes, but the satisfaction scores are not within the benchmarks that we would like to aspire to. At the same time, on the other corner, there are modules where all the students are really happy, at least those who filled in those surveys. But very few students pass. In fact, follow-up research we did with Lisette Totenelle and Kwan Neugen, and a solid set came all the way from Switzerland, which is amazing, is we then looked at, is there any relation between student satisfaction and student retention? And we found none. None. So it's really nice. Should we listen to students' feedback? Yeah, of course, we have to listen to students' feedback. But at the same time, if there is no relation with how students are performing, we might have to be more critical towards all the data that we're collecting. So in follow-up research, we then looked at, OK, how are teachers designing courses at the OU? And how does this link to the perceptions of students and their performance? So what we, for example, found, surprisingly, was that students like constructivist learning designs, and you might wonder, what is constructivist learning designs? Constructivist learning designs are designs where we put lots of stuff in front of the students, and we take the student by the hand. This is slightly over-exaggerated. So I see Lisette saying, well, that's not exactly what it is. But in a way, it's providing lots of content to students, and students can study individually. And I'm happy to debate later on. And the socioconstructivist designed absolutely led to a negative student satisfaction score. So students didn't like when they had to work together with other students or when they had to talk to, say, a teacher, which, in a way, given that I'm a socioconstructivist, I'm like, ooh, this is not so good. But the number one predictor for whether or not students are passing modules and continuing going through those modules is how teachers design courses, in particular, when they have communication in their design. So that's building discussion forums, wikis, working together, having OU live sessions. So in a way, this is really exciting big data, because we can start to unpack what are the recipes that help our students to progress. Another piece of data then showed that, indeed, if you design kind of traditional online courses where you study at your own pace, eventually students engage less over time. Well, if you design socioconstructivist learning designs, you have to work hard, because you continuously have to engage, which, in the end, leads to better retention. So this is a really interesting picture. So should we give students what they want? I'm just going to pause and drink. I can tell you what I want. This is it. This is the new Wilier Aero bike. I got one last year. This one is so much better. It only cost 10,000 quid. And I'm pretty sure that if I have this bike, I will win the European transplant games. But maybe sometimes you shouldn't give students always what they want. Maybe you should give students a slightly different way of thinking about their next goal. So by being clearer, OK, you're already halfway up that mountain, but where is the next curve leading? And maybe you should think about pairing it up with another student to give them enthusiastic reminders. Or maybe you have a coach at the back that potentially gives them advice. Take a lighter gear. Oh, it's only two more miles. Keep on pushing. Another thing which, in a way, I don't think we do very well at the Open University, is signposting where our students should be going. Should we go left? Because it's an easier road. There are less mountains to climb. And you get quicker to qualification. Or do you want to take the really tricky route with lots of challenges, but really exciting pathways? So I think in the commercial world, they do it already in a much more intriguing way. So if we go back to Strava, what you, for example, could think about is to give students like me data about, hey, there is one bloke who did the exact same track faster than me. And this would be really motivating for me to push harder, because I think that would be really good. At the same time, many students would find this competitive nature very off-putting. For some students, it might just be, OK, you're currently here. We do know that the next two weeks is going to be tough, because you have to climb that mountain. But rest assured that two weeks afterwards, it will become slightly easier, slightly easier. And rest assured that at the same time, there will be another big mountain to push. But if you know psychologically that you have to climb that mountain at four weeks time and by signaling this clearer to the students, you can actually help them, hopefully, to overcome some of the psychological barriers. And we're not very good at doing this with actual data. And lastly, it could be that you just want to provide some students with general sense of direction. Some students just want to see the kind of options. Maybe I go left, maybe I go right, maybe I go off-piste. But in a way, we should think about how can we provide this smart data back to students, because we're tracking, as Hayes will say, lots of data. But we're not necessarily giving this kind of data back to our students. So I'm pushing a little bit to just hopefully get a good discussion afterwards. So in follow-up research with Juan Neugen, we then looked at not only aggregate pictures. We started to look more fine-grained. What are students doing on a week-by-week basis? And what you see here is on a week-by-week basis what teachers design and what students are designing. So the blue is assessment activity. So you see a peak. And the orange-yellowy is a simulated activity. So read this chapter in this week or do this interactive activity this week. And you see the red line is the average engagement of students in that particular week. Is there a link between how teachers are designing courses and what students are actually doing on a week-by-week basis based on this visualization? There's no voting. Just say yes or no. Is there a link? Every time when there is a peak in terms of assessment, on average, it goes up. But what is really cool is that we can use this big data to unpack what's really happening. So I, as a teacher, would be really fascinated to see, hey, what's that in week 20? In week 20, the teacher indicated a very high workload and a big assessment. But in fact, students weren't really engaged in that week. So not only does it provide a mirror to teachers, it also allows them to start to think about reflection. Another course, which is brilliant in a way, in this particular course, the teacher has a very useful programming task in week five. And decided, let's give the students in week four free time off to basically prepare and to relax and not be too afraid of actually doing work. And what do you see? The highest peak, or the third highest peak, is when students are supposed to be free. So by giving this data to teachers, but also I think in the near future to students, we can start to map out these journeys to students so that it becomes clear what students do. And in a way, the next figure is quite provocative because our research shows with modeling all these data across 40 modules where we have this data is that 69% of what our students are doing on a week-by-week basis is determined by what we do as teachers. So that gives us as teachers an enormous responsibility. So think about it again in your mind. If 69% of what our students are doing on a week-by-week basis is determined by how we design courses, maybe we should take the responsibility of designing the courses to the best way we can for our students. And our students are increasingly diverse. So then we can, of course, dig a little bit deeper. I hope that you're still with me because you're quite quiet. Then with our friends from the Knowledge Media Institute, we can start to then look at do students actually engage with the core structure that we expect them to engage with. So we looked at three different kinds of groups. We looked at excellent students, students who pass with a 75 or above, passing students and failing students. So what you see here is the so-called excellent group. And some of you might belong to this group. Excellence, this is the kind of course structure. So the 45 degree line is when they're supposed to study it. And what you see from the excellent students is that many of them, this is a heat map, many of them study well in advance. And at the same time, we call this catching up. And in a way, catching up is not the right word. Catching up is basically also you could have this amazing chapter in week three. And then eight or nine weeks down the line, you're revisiting that chapter three because it's a really amazing chapter. So what you see here is the kind of heat map when students are catching up. But if we compare this with the past group, and if I do apologize if you get migraine, if I quickly switch between the two, does anyone in the room see any difference between the past students and the excellent students? Anyone? There's no difference? Not much? OK. Our modeling at least shows that as what you would expect, that excellent students study more in advance in comparison to past students. But also the past students are more likely to already starting to get in the kind of catch up phase, which in a way, it's not necessarily bad. They're still passing. But I think what is quite nicely highlights in a way is that, yes, we as teachers have a particular core structure in mind. But many of our students are going off-piste. They're not necessarily following the core structure the way that we think they design. And in particular, if you look at the so-called failed group, in the failed group, if I quickly switch between those, you can see that in the failed group, relatively fewer people study in advance. But in particular, especially here, lots of students start to catch up, but in a way, never catch up. So this is, again, really useful data to look at in terms of, OK, if we want to give these amazing students a chance, maybe we should give them a breather. Maybe we should give them a little bit of time to catch up. Or maybe we should provide a pass. Or maybe we should provide amazing Strava dashboards. Keep pushing, and you can get to that line. So what are our take-home messages? I think what I've hopefully showed to you today is that not all data that we collect is meaningful. So what I'm encouraging you to do is to focus on what matters, which is basically actual behavior of our students and our teachers. The second thing, which I hopefully have showed you today, is that big data without context and without theoretical framework is meaningless. I can show you hundreds of pretty graphs. But if you don't know what the peaks and troughs are in terms of data, if you don't know that there are turns in the data, it probably will make limited to no sense. The third one, and I'm going to be slightly provocative given that there are two provice chancellors, I think listening to student feedback is important. But I think what I've demonstrated is that student feedback is not relinked to what they're actually doing and how they're performing. So maybe we should be slightly more critical towards student feedback. And I'm hoping for some provocative questions on this. And last but not least, I think what I've shown you today is that our learning design shows that many of our students are following the learning design. But at the same time, lots of students are not. And what we're currently not really doing, and I hope you appreciate the cycling metaphors, is lots of our students are diligently sticking to the road and following exactly the same pathways. But there are lots of students who want to go off-piste, who take different routes, who take different pathways, might not like to talk to other people in a classroom or in an online session, but we're not necessarily providing great pathways. And I think learning analytics has some of the answers to provide some of these pathways that we're doing for cyclists at this moment in time. And I'm looking forward to your comments. Some of you might already seen the two amazing people in the back. So if you want to know more about canine partners, Penny will be demonstrating Granger later in the lobby. So you can go and say hello to them. But you can also do more than just go and talk to them. You can actually volunteer. We're looking for volunteers within canine partners. And we're also looking for foster parents. So if you have a day in a week that you think like, oh, I don't want to work. I want to take care of doggies. Great. Go and talk to Penny. And if you think I want to make this a full-time job, great, go and talk to Penny as well. And don't forget to donate your money. And lastly, I'm hoping that you have thought about organ donation. So if you haven't already thought about this, please think about this because everyone deserves a second chance. And I think what is also really useful, whatever you choose, yes or no, talk to your family because your family in the end is the one who makes the decision whether or not you can actually donate. So there are some flyers not to push you in the lobby. So thank you very much. I'm looking forward to your questions.

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How To Stop Being Boring - 10 Tips to Become More Interesting and Memorable

How To Stop Being Boring If you want to learn how to stop being boring then here are 10 tips for you so you can become more interesting, more memorable and stand out. Transcript in text of the 31 tricks ► http://bit.ly/2bxP9wA ▼ Like my channel? ➜ http://bit.ly/28J3iWQ ▼ Want a FREE EBOOK? - 7 Steps to Endless Motivation ➜ positivelybrainwashed.com/newsletter ▼ Home page: http://PositivelyBrainwashed.com ▼ Want to make whiteboard animations like this? It's easy ➜ Video Scribe: http://goo.gl/Ri2iTv ➜ Easy Sketch Pro http://goo.gl/U8PlRQ ▼ ** Wanna Support this channel? ** ➜ Patreont: http://Patreon.com/Positivelybrainwashed ▼ ** LET'S CONNECT! ** ➜ snapchat: http://snapchat.com/add/aarontupaz ➜ facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PositivelyBrainwashed ➜ twitter: https://twitter.com/aarontupaz ➜ pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/aarontupaz/ ➜ instagram: https://instagram.com/positively_brainwashed ▼ ** Aaron Tupaz's personal account ** https://www.facebook.com/aaron.tupaz ** Music and Sound Credits ** Urban Loop4 98 - http://www.dl-sounds.com/royalty-free/865/ Song - Ukulele - http://Bensound.com Pictures: Designed by Freepik, Vecteezy and FreeImages.com

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Are you tired of getting rejected? Want to improve your social life, increase your sales, become more memorable, or just simply learn to stand out? Hey brainwash friends, I'm Aaron Tupaz of Positively Brainwashed, and today I'm excited to teach you how to stop being boring. Now if you're someone who likes to be alone with no friends, then this video is not for you. Otherwise, let's get started. The first tip is to send people in an emotional rollercoaster ride. There's an old saying by Maya Angelou, at the end of the day, people won't remember what you said or did, they will remember how you made them feel. Say this quote a hundred times until it's engraved in your head, so learn to transition back and forth between various emotional topics from thrilling to scary to funny to heartfelt to shocking and so on. Also, don't be afraid to talk about what you truly feel. This is why some 5 year olds are more interesting than most people in their mid 40s. They can instinctively express how they truly feel because they haven't learned yet to filter themselves based on a society's expectations. So keep this emotional rollercoaster in mind throughout the rest of the tips. The second tip is to answer questions with emotions as if you've never answered them before. If someone asks you where you're from or what you do for a living, don't just answer I'm from Canada, I'm an online English teacher. Instead say, oh I'm from Canada, I teach English online to thousands of people around the world without ever having to leave my home. Remember, the way you say something is much more important than the actual words. Next, is to understand that even more important than how you say something is your body language. If you want to be memorable, use open gestures and different facial expressions when communicating to people. I can't emphasize this enough. Having a closed or static body language is equivalent to being a boring brick wall. And I have an entire video just on this subject alone. The next tip is to have emergency go to scripts so you can walk into any conversation with confidence knowing you have questions you can ask. These are my two personal favorites. Besides work, what makes you excited to wake up in the morning? So working on any personal projects at the moment? Now there's a chance your conversation partner might ask you these questions back so you better have good answers prepared. And remember tip number 2, to answer like you've never answered them before. And to further help you, tip number 5 is to spend some time every day pursuing your dreams and goals. Yes I know, this is a cliche answer, but it's important. Not only will this make you happier, but you'll now always have topics that you'll be enthusiastic to talk about. Now if you're worried that your passion and goals won't interest your conversation partner, it's not a big deal. Really, cause whether you're trying to lose weight or working on your business to escape the corporate world or you have geeky hobbies, the important part is your positive energy. Because that's contagious. You may even get people to start talking about their goals and dreams. The next tip is to guess things about people. Like what they do, what program they're in, where they're from, or whatever. For example, so what do you do for a living? Let me guess, you're a professional football player. Now even if you're wrong, you will make them curious why you thought that, and it usually makes for a great conversation. Now when you're right, well you sound like a genius or psychic. And if you're the funny type, you can even guess something obviously way off. Hmm, let me guess, you're Japanese right? Tip number seven is to challenge people. After someone has told you something like what they do for a living, or their hobbies, challenge them with follow up questions that make them dig deep. A really hot girl who has been approached thousands of times has probably answered the same questions over and over again, with guys simply responding with, really? Cool, me too. Instead ask follow up questions that dig deep like, is this something you're passionate doing or did your parents make you do this? Ask more why and how questions like, so why did you start dancing? Because when you challenge people, your compliments afterwards will sound more validating when your conversation partner feels like they earned it. With my English students online, if they give me vague or boring answers, sometimes I even use silence to pressure them to give better answers. Remember, it's about how you make them feel, and making people feel a little awkward, only to make them feel great afterwards for putting in effort will make you memorable. Tip number eight is to sometimes take risks and talk about controversial topics. Now I do caution that you really use your social intelligence on this one, like on how much risk you take given a situation. Like don't announce your political views so openly at work if you think it may get you fired, but for the most part, people don't take enough risks. I would rather have just a handful of friendships where I can talk about anything from moral dilemmas like, whether it's right to kill animals, my stances on gun laws, capital punishment, politics, religion, and things that many people are afraid to talk about. Next, become more genuinely interested and curious about others. Please please don't fake this. Besides our basic needs like wanting food and shelter, people desire to feel important, so just making people feel that you want to learn more about them will make you less boring to their eyes. And make sure you show this with your body language as well, like giving eye contact with your feet and torso facing towards your conversation partner. It may help to turn off your cell phone and not to be so distracted about the environment. Perhaps imagine a little bubble just around the two of you. And as a bonus tip, start your every morning with something that will energize you and get you to think more positively. I personally wake up to my motivational audio alarm clock so I start my every morning with a positive mindset and then I listen to affirmations that remind me of all my goals like to work out, to eat healthy, to work my butt off, to read a positive book, and much more. Remember, you won't learn to stop being boring overnight. People who you think are naturals have simply developed positive habits. So by conditioning your mind every morning to become a better version of yourself, you can ensure to develop and maintain these habits and learn how to stop being boring. Thanks for watching. If you liked this video, or you don't want me to die, then choose one of the following. You can either A. Subscribe and hit the bell button, B. Listen to the share bear over there and show that you care, C. Watch this video that YouTube has recommending for you, or D. Why did you wait this long?

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What if You're Lost, But You Want to Contribute to a More Beautiful World?

Maybe the most useful thing to do would be to acknowledge the lost-ness. Acknowledge and celebrate the sincere desire to contribute to something beautiful. From the course Unlearning: For Change Agents, offered in the spirit of the gift at CharlesEisenstein.org/unlearning #CharlesEisenstein #Inspiration #Interbeing #Authors #Philosophy #Unlearning #Activism #ChangeAgents

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So the question is, what advice would I give somebody who is lost but wants to contribute to a more beautiful world? That would depend on whether advice was called for. Probably I wouldn't give advice. Maybe the most useful thing to do would be to acknowledge the lostness and acknowledge and celebrate the sincere desire to contribute something beautiful. The way that we see a person and hold a person in our mind's eye, the way that we narrate another person, is an invitation for that person to be as we see them or to play the role that we see them in. So, for example, if you see somebody as an untrustworthy scoundrel and treat them as such, they're probably or very likely going to demonstrate a lack of trustworthiness. And if you see someone as a generous person and because you just know that they're generous, I mean, sometimes you can get taken advantage of that way. This is not like a formula for controlling people. But generally speaking, how you see a person creates an invitation for them to be that way. If you engage people from a place of being afraid of them, they're going to very possibly act in a way that justifies that fear. So, I like to see people as, yeah, you're a person who really wants to give something beautiful, because people may not even fully believe that of themselves. People often have a lot of self-doubt and self-criticism, and they don't believe the best of themselves, even when it's true. So, it's not about ignoring or skipping over or pretending that the flaws and the selfishness and the ego don't exist. It's about seeing what's true and calling it into consciousness, calling it into... And even establishing an agreement that that is who you are. It makes it more real. Again, reality is more of a conversation than a fixed, objective fact. It can't be a trick. Like, I have to actually see that in somebody to effectively name it and bring it into consciousness. There could be many other things that I could see alongside it. But those might be things that the person sees already. Like, you know, there's this whole thing about calling someone on their blind spots and holding them to account. And yeah, it's important to do that in the right moment. I appreciate that when people do it for me. And it's also important to name the blind spots that are the beautiful things. To name the gifts that you see in somebody. Because anything brought into awareness is then able to proceed in its evolution. The evolution of a wound or a blind spot is toward healing. The evolution of a gift is toward expression. So in either case, it is helpful to name it if there's the receptive moment and appropriateness of naming it. Again, it's something that I'd like to sense an invitation of some sort. Which may be explicit, but usually not. But usually there's a feeling, yeah, this is the moment to have this kind of interaction.

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Sea Control By Design

In order to evolve with the changing maritime security environment, the Surface Warfare community brought you Distributed Lethality and the Surface Force Strategy. Now the renaissance continues with Sea Control by Design. #SNA2018

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Each day, the U.S. Naval Surface Force sails the globe, dispersed beyond homeland and sea, vigilant and ready. Their constant presence keeps the world's oceans free for all nations to prosper. For a maritime nation to maintain its seapower edge, control must endure from space to seafloor across all domains and dimensions. To send forth a naval power of this magnitude, our greatest leaders must employ our most lethal weapons with exacting precision, one decision at a time. But where does the certainty of decision can mean victory come from? The Navy has both a tradition and a future, and we must look with pride and confidence in both directions. From the earliest and most ancient seafarer, an unbroken line of expert ship-handling and circumnavigation can be traced to the command of the most junior officer, conning a warship this very moment. Basic tactics developed in advance through the years has allowed our Navy to emerge as the modern fighting force it is today, and now it is sea control by design, which stands as the hallmark for everything we do as a naval force. Elemental to safeguarding this sea control against all potential threats is the organizational framework of tactics, talent, tools, and training. These four tenets start at the most junior level of every officer's career and are developed and built upon as a foundation for continued growth and expertise. It is an organizational system that serves as the mechanism by which our surface force forges the tip of the spear. While active ships are maintained and equipped, the fleet of tomorrow is already in development. The design, procurement, and fielding of these capabilities are realized through investments that span decades. Meanwhile, sailors and officers increase their knowledge as they advance through their careers and progress through their training continuums, and our cadre of standout talent develop tactics or teach those who will one day become their relief. Continual upgrades to virtual training environments that replicate the complexity of shipward evolutions deliver skillful operators capable of fighting and winning in the 21st century and beyond. Research and development teams using innovative techniques such as modeling and simulation inspire leaders to expand the breadth of our future force by capturing and challenging the most creative minds. This process infuses the fleet with collaboration, innovation, and diversity of thought that fortifies ethics and emboldens warfighting ethos. Sea control is not exhaustive command over the world's oceans, nor is it strategic presence of equipment or technology. It is the commitment that wherever and whenever called upon, we will be ready, compounding industry's tools, drilling procedures to perfection, and empowering our best talent makes our fleet as agile as it is dependable. These are the keys to aligning the surface force strategy. Good ideas must be driven into practice with courageous patience, and a weapon's trajectory begins well before it's fired. Surface warfare professionals capable of safely driving ships to the far corners of the earth, cutting edge technologies, and weapon systems helmed by stalwart leaders are needed to safeguard our nation and ensure the Navy remains the surest guarantee of peace. But when peace fails, we must answer the call, and we must answer decisively. Inflicting damage of such magnitude, the adversary is rendered totally incapable of further aggression. If we must fight, then we will win, today, tomorrow, and all the days that follow.

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15 Apex Scenario | Apply Parent to Child SOQL on Standard Relationship Field | Salesforce Training

http://studysalesforce.com/ [Find all Salesforce Video links] Udemy : Enroll Salesforce Admin Certification Masterclass : https://kadge.io/admin201 Udemy : Enroll Salesforce PD1 Certification Masterclass : https://kadge.io/pd1 Udemy : Enroll Salesforce Flow Builder Masterclass: https://kadge.io/flowbuilder For Online Individual or Group Training Please Email or Visit below Website. Email: [email protected] or Visit: http://studysalesforce.com/ Connect with Sanjay Gupta: Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sanjay-gupta-bb2a79bb/ Find Below: Youtube Playlist Links for Salesforce Videos Salesforce Administrator (Lightning Experience) Video Series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKllqKLOgSI&list=PL-gW8Fj5TGrpQx7zplRd48UrmWcf29Lqz LWC | Lightning Web Component https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCM9fh7tn3E&list=PL-gW8Fj5TGrp0G551dN9W3EZVI2UzJq9v&index=1 Salesforce Flow Scenarios https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZL6jvAtLoWU&list=PL-gW8Fj5TGrphIyWpzdhsU9UK8Ah3G2s1 Aura Component Development https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pV0NkFRJI68&list=PL-gW8Fj5TGrp8PciSyd5TcX9t_CCBuiKs Apex Programming | Apex Test | Async Apex in Salesforce https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwrA6Y7Bvf0&list=PL-gW8Fj5TGro_a8irvZUZUKJdEpWIGMB8 Salesforce Interview Preparation Videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DefDrWgcJY&list=PL-gW8Fj5TGrrn0S7Zvvo0YTMojEGq2tT1 Flow Builder in Salesforce Lightning Video Series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdA5j3Hr2z8&list=PL-gW8Fj5TGrrbMlr0qQdU51G4W9xlwg3H Apex Triggers in Salesforce https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ca59WfTxqYM&list=PL-gW8Fj5TGrrF4LAzJtf1cuZHdXjihQoE Asynchronous Apex in Salesforce https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_gUlGv33C4&list=PL-gW8Fj5TGrqVcdJxK_yVtpnYrU9bDj04 Process Builder in Salesforce Lightning Video Series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPOoGTFtubc&list=PL-gW8Fj5TGrru4U1OYOzf8PcA5da9ARCd Workflow Rule in Salesforce Video Series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DefDrWgcJY&list=PL-gW8Fj5TGrqly1oIz8ljs-kHbahm4ydl Report & Dashboard in Salesforce Video Series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEwny6iGd3Q&list=PL-gW8Fj5TGrpkht02s_1wXNgj3GrA5c5P Data Security in Salesforce Video Series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqTJ_v7ZzdA&list=PL-gW8Fj5TGrp3d-f6P-58aRgyuKKZdhCp Please like and subscribe to support the efforts. #Salesforce #lightning #development #flow #admin #salesforceadmin #salesforcetraining #learnsalesforce #interview #salesforcedeveloper #developer #sanjaygupta #sanjayguptatechschool #studysalesforce #apex #trigger #integration #lwc #aura #lightningwebcomponent

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Hello everyone. I'm Sanjay Gupta. I welcome you on Sanjay Gupta Tech School. StudySalesForce.com is my website or video library to learn Salesforce. In this video, I'm going to demonstrate one scenario. So here I will be querying accounts created in last week. I need to populate total contacts like which are associated with accounts. So I will be creating this field total contacts. So we need to count number of contacts which are associated with account. If there is no contact associated, then we need to populate zero. So with this demonstration, you will get to know how we can apply parent to child query in Apex. So let's jump to org. So first I'm going to create that field. So simply I'm opening account. So now here I need to click on fields and relationships. So let me search for total contacts. No field is available. So I'm going to create a net new field. Yep. So it is available. Now I'm clicking on new. Selecting for number field. Clicking on next. So I'm labeling it as total contacts. Clicking on next visible to all the profiles clicking on next will be available on all the page layouts. So this way I created the field. Now I'm moving to developer console. Right. So let's first implement pay into child query. Right. So right now both are standard objects. Account and contact and account and contact both share a lookup field. So if I take you there. So I need to go to contact now. So searching for contacts. So in context fields and relationships, here you can see this account ID field is available, which is look up to account. Right. If I click and open this. So here you will find this child relationship name. So if you read this help text, so it says this field defines a relationship between this object type and a parent object type. Right. So so the child relationship name is used in SOPL queries on the parent object type to refer to this object type. For example, contact has a lookup field for account. The child relationship name for the lookup field on contact is contacts. Therefore, you would use contacts in account queries to refer to contact records whose account field references a given account, accepting the default value safe. If necessary, the name can be changed later. Right. So if you want to query all the context, those are associated with the account altogether with a single query single SQL. In that case, you need to use this child relationship name. So though this is a standard field, you don't need to create this child relationship name. Whenever you will be creating a custom field, then it will be created like at the time of creation of that particular lookup field. So now I'm going to use this here. So select ID name. So you need to use this bracket. Then again, select ID, let's say first name, last name, then from and here you need to write contacts. So instead of contact, you need to write contacts, then from account where created date equals to last week. So this way, and these are like capital letters I'm using for best practice. So if you write them in small letters, so they also works in that case as well. Right. So if I click on execute, yeah, it is giving an error. So yeah, I just forgot to put a comma here. So, clicking on execute. So here you can see it is not showing anything. But we are created date equals to last week. So maybe this week. No. So I'm taking last month. Yeah, we have various records. So here you can see account IDs then account names and then you can see contacts. So these are contact IDs then first name and then last. So this way all the data we are able to fetch now using this SOQL I can perform my operation that I want to do. So here I'm going to create a method public static void count contacts. Now I'm creating list of account ACC list equals to and then I'm pasting the square. Right. So, okay, so this query is available. I'm just splitting it so that we can leave it carefully or properly. So select ID name. These are fields of account. And this is basically parent to child query. So this is important if you want to apply parent to child query. So pay into child SOQL. Right. And this is child relationship name. So I already told you like from where you can find this. So it is available. Now what we need to do after implementing this SOQL. So all the data will be available into this account list. Now we can apply if condition. So if not ACC list dot is empty. If it is not empty, then I can iterate a loop over here. So account ACC then ACC list. Now inside this loop, I need to implement the logic so that I can update that total count field. Right. So, okay, I need to use columns in here. Now ACC dot total count underscore underscore, sorry, total context, not count equals to ACC dot context dot count. So this way you need to use this method. So ACC is the instance which will be having each account. Then all the context you can pass through through this context. Now if you want to count this list that is context, so you can simply use count. Right. It is showing some error. Let's see whether we are able to use size. Yes, we are able to. So instead of count, you need to use size. Right. So if you see some error, so this way you can test other methods as well. So after implementation of this, so you just need to check null again. So ACC list dot is empty. And then you can write update ACC list. Right. So this way, everything is available here. I'm just saving this code so that I can execute it. So this time, what I'm going to do, I'm just adding count contacts underscore underscore C as well and I'm clicking on execute. Okay, total context. So here you can see it is blank as of now. Right. Now I'm going to execute my code. So you will see the effects. So name of method is count contacts. Clicking on execute. Again, I'm going to execute this SOQM. So here you can see this field is updated on account with respect to the number of contacts associated with that account. So here you can see no contact is available. So it is zero. Here we have one. So one, if there are two contacts or two. So this way all the account records are updated automatically. So this way, I guess you understood how we can apply parent to child SOQL if we have that lookup field as standard. Right. If we have that lookup field as custom. So in that case, we need to do like we need to do different things with this child relationship name. So that I'm going to demonstrate in my another video. So this is basically parent to child SOQL on standard objects and the standard field that is lookup to account. So I hope you understood whatever I demonstrated here. If you if you go here and search for particular account. Let's say, yeah, if we open any account, so you will see that total contacts field available here and it will be having the value populated. So both from UI, you can check or through the packet through SOQL you can also test whether your updation performed or not. So this is all about the demonstration related to this scenario. If you want to watch more Salesforce related videos so you can visit study salesforce.com. Thank you for watching this video.

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HACK YOUR MIND To Create The Future You Want TODAY! | Rob Dial

Be sure to subscribe to the channel for more - https://youtube.com/robdialjr?sub_con​... Want more inspiration content to keep you going in the right direction? Follow me around the web. Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/robdialjr/​ Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/RobDialJr/​ Podcast Links: Spotify https://open.spotify.com/show/706hylM​... iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast​..

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You're a f***ing magician, abracadabra. Today, we're gonna talk about how you are a magician, how with every word that you have, with every thought that you have, with every action that you take, you are literally creating your reality in every single sense of the word. And no matter what language you speak, the most important, the most powerful tool that you have, no matter what language it is, is the words that you speak. And it's not just the words, the words are obviously extremely important because those words are going to create into your reality, but it's also the energy behind the words. So we're gonna dive into the words, we're gonna dive into your thoughts, dive into your actions, we're also gonna dive into the energy that you have behind every single word that you have. But I want you to realize this, you are literally a magician. If you think about going and seeing a magician, what do they do? They have nothing, you know, they have a hat, there's nothing inside of the hat and they take a bunny and they create a bunny. You are literally doing the exact same thing at every single moment of your life. And the energy that you carry through your thoughts, through your actions and through your words, the stronger the energy that you use behind those thoughts, those words and those actions, the more likely you are to create that reality sooner than later. And you are literally a magician. What you see in your mind, what you say, you create in your reality. The phrase abracadabra, I'm sure you're all familiar with it when you see a magician. When we were kids, they used to always say abracadabra when they would create, you know, pull the bunny out of the hat or make a, you know, lift up the cup and under it. There was a couple of balls that weren't there before. They'd say abracadabra. Abracadabra is actually a Hebrew word that means as I speak, I create. It's a Hebrew word talking about with the words that you use, you create your reality. Abracadabra is not just some corny phrase. It is a phrase that was created thousands of years ago because thousands of years ago, they knew the power of the words that you use. You manifest with every single word that you speak. And for people who are out there like, oh, manifest. I don't, I don't really follow that word manifest because I hear it in stuff like the law of attraction, the secret and it doesn't resonate with me. Manifest just means create. With every single thing that you think, every word that you say, every actions you take, you create a reality. So how are you speaking? One of the biggest problems is that most people are speaking the reality that they currently have. They're speaking the reality that they currently have. You have to speak above the reality that you currently have if you want to create and have something above the life that you currently have. So a perfect example. You probably know, Simone, you might be this person, we all have the friend who's poor and all they talk about is how poor they are. And they might make jokes about how poor they are and they're like, oh yeah, I never have any money and you know, they make jokes around it. I literally have one friend that I can specifically think of from high school. And he was poor when we were in high school. I was poor when we were in high school. All of our friends were poor when we were in high school. We went to college together. You know, he was talked about how poor he was. He's still poor, 35 years old because he's been constantly speaking it into reality. And he makes it as a self-deprecating joke, but that self-deprecating joke is actually creating his reality at every single moment. He doesn't realize he's actually tripping himself and self-sabotaging himself with every single stupid joke about how poor he is. So you have to think about that. What type of words are you using? How are you speaking? How are you speaking about yourself? How are you speaking about your life? How are you speaking about others in every single thing that you do? You have to speak above your current circumstances if you want something greater than your current circumstances. You definitely have to speak above your past with a higher frequency than you would from the past that you had if you want your future to look different than your past. I'll give you a perfect example of how I realized this was working with me. Don't, first off, ever identify with something that's not powerful. Don't ever identify with it. So an example is people say, I have anxiety. Don't ever say the phrase I have anxiety even if you've experienced anxiety before. Don't say I have it because when you have it, you create it. Or if you say I am anxious, you're going to create that anxiety. You can say stuff like I've had anxiety in the past, I've had it in the past, or I'm getting over my experience with anxiety because when you say I am anxious, you are identifying yourself. Your identity is actually attached to anxious and it's really hard to pull somebody away from something that they identify themselves with. So if you think to yourself, I am anxious, you are going to create anxious thoughts until you remove yourself from that. If you say I have anxiety, you are attaching that anxiety to yourself but you can say stuff and it doesn't seem like it's a huge difference and it's not, it's just a tiny little bit of a shift instead of saying I have anxiety. Say I've had anxiety in the past because I don't want to create in my future so I've had it in the past or I'm getting over my anxiety. I'm telling myself in my brain what I want it to do around this anxiety. I'll give you another example with myself. I realized so a few years ago, about seven years ago now, I had really bad shoulder and hip issues to the point where I was working from home and as I was working from home, it was so bad that I couldn't sit while I was working on my computer. I had to lay down on my bed because my hips hurt so much from literally just sitting. I decided to go to a physical therapist and the physical therapist was like, hey, you should go get an MRI and then the people at the MRI was like, all right, now you should go to the surgeons and see what they think about your hips and what they think about your shoulders. I went to two surgeons for my hips. I went to two surgeons for my shoulders. All four of them told me that I need to get surgery, right? All four of them told me to get surgery. Why? Because when you're a hammer, all you see is nails. So the only way that you could fix a 28-year-old for them in their minds, based off the way that they were taught, was to put me into surgery. I was like, I'm not gonna do that. And so I started rehabbing myself. I started going and doing functional training and functional training and functional and rebuilding my body functionally the way it should work. And I noticed that they were still lingering though. They were still lingering. It was way better than it was, but I still had lingering issues. I started diving into this and thinking about this and realizing that I had trusted my reality as to who I am to somebody else. That what some people in white coats had told me five, six, seven years ago, I was still saying to other people in my mind as I have hip issues, I have shoulder issues, I have hip issues, I have shoulders. So I was saying it over and over and over and over and over again. No wonder why these were lingering. And I noticed it and I was talking with one of my friends. I was in his kitchen and his wife was like, we were talking about working out. And I was like, yeah, I have hip issues. And I literally stopped in the middle and I go, I've had hip issues in the past. And she's pretty aware of these types of things. She's like, oh, I see what you did there. I see how you're changing your patterns and the way you're speaking. And I said, yeah, because I've had these issues in the past, I will no longer have them in my future. I'm going to create a healthy body. So when I'm working out, I work out every single rep in my head or out loud, depending on if there's people around, I say, I am healthy, I am healed. I am healthy, I am healed. I am healthy, I am healed. And it's really weird when I start speaking that way, my body starts reacting in a different way. I start holding myself up instead of an injured state and thinking that I'm injured. Start holding myself as if I was actually physically healed. And it's easier for me to lift heavier. It's easier for me to go longer because of just simply the words that I'm saying. Why? Because I'm a magician, just like all of you guys are. Abracadabra, as I speak, I create, as I speak the health and the healing into my body, I am creating healthy and healed inside of my body. So you've got to be very clear with what you want. And you've got to be very clear as to the way that you speak. And when you say something that is not fully in alignment with the reality that you were creating, you've got to change it immediately. Don't change it later. Change it immediately, like I did when I was talking to my friend's wife in her kitchen. I immediately switch it, you've got to switch it. I'll give you another example of something that I noticed the other day. So we were in Sedona, my girlfriend and I for a week. She was getting ready and I went to go get coffee. They were serving coffee and there was a beautiful view that was outside of the hotel that we were in. And I couldn't see her, but I could hear this girl, a woman that was on a phone call down below, like below the view. And she was FaceTiming her friend. And her friend was like the sweetest person ever. She's like, hey girl, she's like, hey. And her friend goes, oh my God, your face, you are so beautiful. And she literally goes, and how often does this happen? Women talking to each other, where your friend gives you an amazing compliment and then you immediately go to self-deprecation and tell them why that what they just said that's super sweet is bullshit. Because you're literally telling yourself that you're ugly out loud or something like that, right? So she goes, oh my God, your face, you're so beautiful. And I thought to myself, damn, that was such a nice way of saying that. And she goes, oh girl, don't say that. I just woke up, my face is so puffy. I look ugly right now. And I was like, you're literally not even accepting somebody's comment as to you being beautiful and you're immediately calling yourself ugly. So what do you think that's gonna do in her head? It's gonna repeat over and over and over and over again. She's going to constantly think that she's not pretty. She's gonna constantly think she's not beautiful. She's gonna constantly think that she's not good enough, not pretty enough. And if somebody doesn't think they're beautiful and they think they're ugly, do you think they're gonna carry themselves differently? Of course they are. How do you think somebody that thinks they're ugly carries themselves? Their body, their physiology, the way they look? How do you think somebody who's beautiful and confident carries himself different? The body, the physiology, the way that they look, the way that they talk, everything changes. A perfect example is if you've ever seen the videos, the viral videos of the difference of when somebody just goes and gets a picture taken of them and then a picture after they've been told that they're beautiful, right? And their face literally changes. Why? Because you're a magician. Your face changes with the way that you think about yourself. Your body, your physiology changes with the way that you think about yourself. Why? Because you're a magician. Abracadabra, what do you want to create in your life? Think about that. If you were to take every single word, every word, I'll take a word right here and let's say the word that I want to, have you tell me all of the letters too, is magician, right? We'll just use the word magician. And I say, hey, what do I, I want you to tell me every letter of that word. What would that be called? It'd be called spelling it out. Spelling it out, right? What is it called when a magician or when a witch casts a what? Spell. The words that we use, the languages that we use have been telling us for years that what we say we create. You're casting a spell with every single word that's used. That's why it's called spelling a word because you're spelling with every single word that you say. As you speak, you create Abracadabra. Think about the words that you use and the spells that you're casting as if you are a witch, not with black magic, but with white magic, with positive magic, whatever it is that you want to call it. With light, you're casting spells with every single word that you say under yourself. You're also casting spells on other people with every single thing that you say. But here's the thing about this power, the most powerful tool that we have is these words. The power behind it is it is a double-edged sword. With words, you can build and you can create. With words, you can destroy. And we see that happening all of the time. Let's think about it this way. You've heard me say it before, your mind is a garden. Every thought, every word is you planting a seed. Whatever you plant, you're going to grow. Every single thought is a seed planted. You are constantly planting seeds. What seeds are you planting? Every word is a spell. Every thought is a spell. Every action is a spell. You're constantly creating spells. You're casting spells at all points in time. The best way I can think about this and explain it to you is I remember, you may have heard me talk about this about a year or so ago. I was watching Queer Eye with my girlfriend. And there was an Asian lady that was on there. She was in her mid-30s and she was pretty lady. They've made her look even more beautiful and they started fixing her up. And no matter how done up she got, no matter how her clothes looked, no matter how she looked, even after they completely made her look like a different person, she still had this aura that was just not right. It was a negative. They started talking to her about where that came from and she's like, I remember when I was eight years old and my aunt told me I was ugly. Her aunt cast a spell on her and she's been living in that spell for the past 27 years. Think about that for a second. If I go in a child and I'm raising a child, I would never do this. But if I was raising a child and every single day I said, you're stupid, you're stupid, you're stupid, you're stupid, you're stupid, you're stupid, you're stupid, you're stupid, you're stupid, do you think that child is gonna grow up and be smart? No, because I'm casting a spell onto that child with everything that I say. You're stupid, you're stupid, you're stupid, you're stupid. Eventually if they hear a record playing for long enough, if I play a song over and over and over and over and over and over and over again, what are you gonna do? You're gonna start singing that song in your head over and over and over and over again. I can cast a spell on to you and if I say it enough you cast it onto yourself and you accept that as your true reality. It's like the example of the kid who was in high school and he had terrible test scores, terrible grades, did a lot of drugs, hung out with the wrong people, really showed up to school and his mom is like, honey, I really want you to get into college, can you just go take the SAT? And for those of you guys that are in America, SAT is just the standardized test that you have to take to figure out your IQ and your math scores or English scores and then they figure out, colleges will see that and decide if they want you inside of their school. So he goes and he takes the SAT, very first time, in the highest that you could score at that point in time was 1600 and he got a 1480, which is a high score. 1480 is a really high score out of 1600. He gets the test score back and his mom's like, did you cheat? And he's like, no, I promise I didn't cheat. She's like, no, you cheated. You've never scored this high on anything. And he's like, mom, I promise I didn't cheat. And she goes, oh my God, you might actually be really smart. And he thought to himself, this piece of paper tells me that I'm really smart. What have I been doing my whole life? I've been holding myself back from my true greatness. So what does he do? He starts changing everything about himself and starts doing what a smart person would do instead of what a dumb person would do. He changes the people that he hangs out with. He stops doing the drugs, stops drinking, starts showing up to class, starts studying, starts getting really good grades and gets into an Ivy League school. After the Ivy League school, gets a really good job, becomes a CEO of a company. 12 years later, he gets a call from the SATs board and they review every 10 to 12 years, all the SAT scores to see what somebody got. Turns out they made a mistake. He didn't get a 1480. He actually got a 740. And they accidentally doubled his score when they sent it to him. So what happened was he actually got a terrible grade but because he got a grade that said he was smart, he changed his entire identity around who he thought he was and he thought he was smart. And he thought he was smart. So what did he do? He started changing his life. He started changing life, started doing what a smart person would do. He literally took a spell, numbers that were on a page and went, that is me and lived his life as that. He created a completely different reality based off of his own perception of himself. He started talking to himself differently, talking to people differently, acting differently. His life changed completely. Why? Because he's a magician. Abracadabra, as we speak, recreate. As he started realizing he was smarter, every thought that he had, he started speaking smart. He started speaking differently about himself. He created the reality that he saw in his mind. We're casting spells. If I were to go up to a kid and tell him that they're stupid, they're gonna think they're stupid. I've cast a spell on them. If I'm gonna talk to myself in a certain way, I'm casting a spell on myself. I'm telling myself I'm stupid. I'm casting a spell on myself. I'm telling myself I'm ugly. I'm casting a spell on myself. You need to create in alignment, in the frequency of the future that you want to create. You need to speak, think, and act in the reality that you want to create with your life. That's what you need to do. That is how you're the magician. That's how you create the reality that you want. And all of it behind everything is energy. It's not just like I'm stupid. Like if I were to say I'm stupid, I'm stupid, I'm stupid. Sure, none of that is good. But if I were to be like, I'm stupid and put energy behind it, the energy in the force behind it actually changes how it programs into my mind. The energy that I put into the words that I have, the energy I think that I put into my thoughts, the energy that I put into my actions. You are creating at every single moment, at every single second, at every single thought, with every single word, with every single action. You are creating a reality. You're a magician. The question is, are you creating in your mind and in your reality the future that you want? That's what you need to think about. You're a magician. You create your reality over and over and over and over and over again every single second. But you have to ask yourself, am I creating the reality that I want? Because as you speak, you create. Aber Cadabra. Hey, thanks so much for watching this video. If you wanna learn even more about Master Your Mind, click right here and watch this video as well. I don't lose. Winners win. And when you step into becoming a winner and you have that winner's mentality, losing doesn't exist.

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Akash Mahajan - HOW TO tell if you're designing an insecure site

Using the format Yahoo started and Quora completely hijacked, I'll answer 3 basic questions about the internet, covering security, design and how things go bump on the internet. MetaRefresh is an interesting conference. Among all the hasgeek conferences this is the one where you see an overlap between the left- brained and the right-brained. On one hand you meet amazing designers who are creating art and on the other you have front-end engineers who run routes and scripts around all of us. My session is about the place where these two meet. The session is about why frontend engineers need to understand and embrace the simplicity of the protocol they are building upon. Designers need to get that the intrinsic value of the world wide web is when non-technical folks (like my parents) are able to buy tickets, shop for stuff, play games on FB without worrying about their money getting stolen, malware eating their photos and losing their cat pictures. I used to freelance as a Web Application Security Consultant. Now I run my Application Security Company with special focus on Web and Mobile. I help companies become secure by helping them understand approaches to security for the platform, security best practices and most importantly spreading the message that being secure is much cheaper than being insecure. Among other things I am the co-founder+Community Manager for "null - The Open Security Community" and OWASP Bangalore

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Hello. Hi. OK, I hope everybody's got lunch. And we'll start and move into the second half of the day, which is the way we broke it up is that the first half of the morning is the more design-focused talks. And the second half of the day is slightly more technical. We go into a little bit more detail on specific techniques that you can use. So Akash has been desperately trying to erase the phrase, that web security guy from the internet with little success. But he's that web security guy. And he's going to talk about how you can tell over the next 45 minutes whether you're designing an insecure site. So he's a co-founder and the manager for the OWASP and the open security community, which is called NULL. So perhaps if you're interested in issues around security, connect with him afterwards as well. Also, if you were sitting at the back, there's plenty of space up front if you'd like. You're more than welcome to come up in the front and on the sides. Hi. Good afternoon. Good afternoon. See, I have a tough job. You just had good lunch. So I need you to be awake, at least vocal. So you can keep your eyes closed. And whenever I'm shouting a bit, you can just reply then. Can you do that? Yes, no, maybe. Yes, no, maybe. OK, the first row is awake mostly because these are people I know and I've dragged them to the talk. I don't want them waiting outside. OK, so I'm going to talk about how to tell if you're designing an insecure website. First of all, the first thing you should know about, it's not a how-to. The reason is because apparently Hasgi doesn't allow how-to sessions. It's very clearly written on the proposal page of Meta Refresh. I got in. OK, my proposal title started with a how-to and I still got in. So maybe they're not paying that much attention. And does that bother you? Oh, yes. How many? Can you raise your hands? Whoa. So the only reason it's there is because I wanted to see if you're awake. But there is a subtle point to that. My talk is less about design from a designer's point of view, but more about how I experience it and how it comes in my way because I do application security day in and day out and how it always comes in my way from creating secure products. And if you've heard this before, security versus usability and business case and all of that, that's fine. Like grammar irks you. Like my friend Hasgi just said, it irks you when you see your being used. Sometimes design comes in the way of security. My point is that it need not be. It's possible that using design, you can develop in a more secure manner or it could be more secure for your end users. Whatever the objectives are, what we'll do, we'll go through it and we'll see. First, I have to tell you a joke. This is the second thing I have to make sure that you stay awake. So we all have our favorite websites. Some websites that we maybe log into every day. I use Reddit a lot. I'm sure a bunch of you do that. Or maybe Facebook, which is very common because all your friends are there. So I had a favorite website. It used to be called Dig. Anyone's heard of Dig here? Wow, cool. They are using their hands on their own, great. So that's behavioral, whatever, at work. So I used to go to Dig and then I discovered something else. Reddit or maybe something else. There's pop URLs. And I started going to that website. So it had been three months, three and a half, four months. And I remembered, oh, I used to go to Dig and there were some cool links there. Let me go and see what it up to. So I type dig.com in my browser. I go there. And suddenly this pop-up opens. We've all seen pop-ups. They're very irritating. And the pop-up is the website talking to me. And Dig is like, so where have you been? Give me all these passive aggressive vibes. I'm like, OK, what? Yeah, I've been around. I've been busy. I've been going to other websites. And OK, are those websites nicer to look at? Do they load faster? Do they have better typography? And I'm not really sure what is happening. I don't expect the websites to have attitude. They're just static things, even when they're dynamic. But that is an example of an insecure website. Thank you so much. Now let's talk about what the thing is. First of all, as a disclaimer, I always put disclaimers for HASGI conferences because you tend to be very opinionated. And I tend to be a little controversial. I keep teasing people. So the disclaimer comes first. I understand things about insecure websites. I don't really understand design UI, UX that much. And the case in point, I was sitting on the second row. And during this talk about overexposed, this person was, I think Sawik was mentioning how it's, he changes the font a bit and it looks nicer. And he was talking about Saref and Sansaref. And I turn to Meenal, a good friend who really likes to talk about typography and other things. So what is the difference between Sans and Sansaref? And he says, what do you think is the difference? I thought Saref is where you have cursive writing. And Sansaref is when you don't have cursive writing. Apparently, that's not true. Anyone else who doesn't know the difference? Anyone else like me? OK, wrong order. Oh, there are two people. Great. Four. So apparently, Saref is the one which has a dash above the L and the P and all that. And in Sansaref, that's not the case. And Times New Roman is a really bad font to use online. That's what I got of that. So clear disclaimer, you understand what I'm saying? This is not a how-to. This is more like a series of thoughts. Any more spelling mistakes are mine. It's not intentional. So this points it out. What I'm going to talk about is effective design. I will tell you what I think is effective design. It could be UI, UX for me. It's the same. Sorry, I'm not from this background. So designer, UI expert, UX experts, all the three things are same to me. Obviously, it's not. I understand there are differences, but I personally don't care. When I see Clear Trip, I see that's a really nicely done website. And I definitely appreciate it compared to Make My Trip or Go Ibibo or one of those. But in the end, if Go Ibibo or some other website is offering a cheaper flight, so for me, that's effective design. So this is what I think effective design is. You may disagree with me, but we'll take the disagreement outside after the talk is over. Something that compels a user to do what the designer wanted. It may not be perfect. It may have missed a lot of edge cases. It may have missed the main point. But I think, from the end user point of view, I'm a consumer of design. I don't produce design, but I'm a consumer. It's like, when I showed the slides to him, and I was like, can you fix the typography? And he looked at two slides, and he was like, sorry, dude. This can't be done. But whatever. So I'm saying that something that compels a user to do what the designer wanted. Let's stay with that thought. I think Gmail is a great example of effective design. And I'll tell you why. Personally, I did not know that you could arrange males in labels rather than physical folders. Gmail taught me that. Maybe it was not a new idea. It was not unique to Gmail. But that's where I experienced it. So same thought that effective design is Gmail. But let's look at a closer look at an example. Can you notice? I don't know if you can read this. Obviously, last benches can't. But the URL seems different. Can you guys read that? Yes, no, maybe. So is it a phishing attack or an effective design? In this case, this is just a proof of concept for a phishing attack. Why? OK, add a nice animation. It's pointing. The arrow is pointing to the URL. What I'm saying is a well-executed phishing attack. I'll explain what phishing attack is a couple of times later, is an example of effective design. What is the objective of the attack to steal credentials or do something else, maybe post on your wall or something? But it is an effective design because the way web design works and how consumers consume it, there are a few things which are common here. We're looking at a just trying to see what makes it a phishing attack. First of all, there's a favicon, which looks like that red folder, which is like a Gmail thing. And when you drag it and save it in your bookmarks, it looks like the Gmail favicon. And whenever you bookmark something, you will not check the URL it is going to every time. Makes sense because that's why you bookmark it to save time? Yes, no, maybe? Cool. So this is phishing with a fur, not F, fur. There's a whole history behind why it's phishing with a fur because of freaking and all that. We'll not get into that. I believe from my personal experience, there are some features of effective design. I might have missed a lot, but let me stick to these for now. There are some assumptions about how the site should be laid out, what it should contain, based on some things like heat maps, and then a bunch of other data-driven things that Google does very well with your A&B testing and other things. There is always call to action. Sometimes it's a green, big button. Nowadays, you have these new frameworks for websites called Zerb Foundation and Bootstrap and all the others. And they tell you it's a feature that they have nice responsive buttons, because buttons which go big and small based on the size of the screen. There are some visual cues, right? And this is more relevant to anyone who does shopping online. There are a bunch of websites which very proudly proclaim why they should be trusted, right? Because they have logos about better business bureau, eTrust, nTrust, bunch of things. In the end, it's just an image and it's a visual cue. How does phishing work? Most people, now not the people sitting in this room, okay? Most people don't waste an entire Friday sitting in a room talking about UI and UX. They're mostly in office right now. They will finish at five and go drink or something, right? So you are not most people. Think about people in your lives who are not into tech. Your parents, maybe your siblings. Most people do not pay attention to what is in the address bar, right? So I completely agree with Savik's point about having really good looking URLs, but you know what? Most people don't really care. It's not an attitude thing. It's not an attitude thing. It's like, I remember email addresses better than full names. Why? Because growing up, that just made sense. Bunch of you, I wouldn't know your first name but I would know your Twitter ID, right? So that's what happens. This is the function of the company you keep. The second thing is people love to fill login forms. They see a login form and they know, I know this. Yeah, because this is what an address bar can really look like. Wow, your eyes will bleed. I'm telling you, your eyes will bleed. It starts with scheme, colon, two slashes. Then you can actually have a login, colon, password at host name or host address, which means a website name or an IP address, colon, port number, okay? And bunch of other things. Hierarchical path to the resource, then question mark and your parameters, and all of you who are into like backbone.js and all, your fragment ID, right? That's what you end up doing. How do you bookmark stuff and all? I've just taken this from the browser security handbook. So if you look at the URL for the reference, which is HTTP colon slash slash, a domain name slash, a hierarchical path to the resource, most likely it's multiple folders, but it need not be, right? You have your routers and everything else. So I was trying to research for this talk and I kind of figured out this is an important book for anyone who's doing web design and talking about usability. There used to be this guy, Jacob Nielsen or something. He had a blog called Use It. Right? Yeah, I don't know if he's like in fashion anymore or not because there are a bunch of other people, right? Because apparently Amazon says this is like a more popular book. It's a very cool title. Don't make me think. And that big browser button, you know, call to action and conveniently please cursor. Maybe this is my thought. Don't think equals impulsive. Why would that be? Because impulsive is acting or done without forethought. Young, impulsive teenagers, that was the original meaning I got from Google, but it could be shoppers. A lot about usability, you know, a lot of research is driven by how can we get people to shop more? Not leave them, you know, where they're filled in their shopping cart but they don't do the last thing. A lot of it is about landing pages and conversion rates, right? So the design is driving people to be impulsive. They're saying effective design is what is the conversion rate? What is data-driven design all about, right? What is A&B testing all about? But people rely on visual cues. We come back to fishing. So if anyone doesn't know what it is, it's a made up word basically. Okay, it's not a dictionary word. Is the act of attempting to acquire information such as user names, passwords, and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication? It seems like a, you know, a bureaucrat has written this definition. The part that I want you to focus on, very nicely I've put it in yellow and I made the font bigger, is trust, okay? Because I believe effective design in the end is about generating trust, okay? It's like if you have a post on Craigslist about the next design wave, most of you will not take it seriously because it's on Craigslist. You've seen the UI of Craigslist, right? But if the same thing is in a Q&A format in Quora, some of you might actually, you know, upvote it. Yeah, you're being fooled. It's trust. People trust big, shiny locks. They do, right? That's why you're laughing right now. Trust no one. Do you know which? What? X-Files. Okay. The X-Files, yeah. They show about alien abduction and all that. It has the best piece of advice, trust no one. And there are a bunch of people who I work with regularly and they just get fed up of me saying that trust no one, be paranoid, do security, all of that and they're like, yeah, whatever, right? But that's what I'm trying to say. We cannot escape from getting better design. We cannot escape from people, you know, it'd be easy for people to spend more money buying stuff, but can we do it in a manner which is secure? I think I'll finish early. I just want to give you two examples where this trust collides with effective design. And it makes a really bad case for UI and UX. The first example is a password reset or a password change feature in websites. Okay. And again, the case I'm going to make is why I think it's bad for bad UI or UX. Maybe that's not the case. Please correct me if I'm wrong. And then the second thing which I'll definitely look at is an SSL-enabled website. Okay, question for you guys. Should it be an SSL-enabled website or it should be ASSL? Why? It's an S. See, another thing I learned today. Today I learned. So in an ideal world, when there were no criminals, there was nobody trying to steal your stuff, passwords wouldn't matter, right? Nobody was trying to steal, so why would you need passwords? But in an ideal world, how a password reset thing would work? You click on enter email to reset password or actually give me my password. It'll give you your super secret password. Why does it not work like that? Okay, that's what we're going to look at. When you click that button, what really happened? Okay. There was some code, some source code, some JavaScript, some HTML loaded in the browser. That's why the button got generated, right? That sent an email to the server. Or maybe it filled a form, it did something, right? It moved from the browser to the server, which is on fire, I don't know why. That's the graphic I have for you. Now, the server did a bunch of things. Maybe it was, you know, if a sensible programmer there, someone like you, it checked if the email was actually in the database, it generated a password. It did something all of that, okay? What is wrong with this picture? Why is it bad for UI and UX? Okay. Intern, bad for security. Because the server doesn't know it is you who filled the form. The email ID that you filled in, that it actually belongs to you. You understand? Because you don't have the password, you've not authenticated with the server. You just got a form, you filled it. Could be anyone's email ID. Like someone gave an example of IRCTC, where you can get the username in the error message, if you put in some email ID. Or the other way around, okay? Now, this is the difficult part. How is this securely solved? Using out of band communication. What does that mean? This communication is not based on the web, you know, the client server thing that you have just done. Most likely, the core loaded in the browser did something to the server. And the web server will email you a link, hoping that the email address is in your hands. The web server is gonna trust that information. It is going to email you that link. Now, the email is lying on another server. You will have to log into your email, right? You have to click on the link and that link will take you to the server. Now, the server has the unique, whatever identification it had, because it knows that it sent the link to you. Based on that, it confirms, the link is proper and it allows you to reset the password, okay? That's how it happens, right? Now, try explaining this to your dad, okay? My dad, the way he uses the computer, okay? He uses one finger to type. And when he's like typing, he does not hold on the mouse. Okay, so he'll find the keys, make a mistake, find back space and does not know what tab is, so doesn't go to the next field. He then searches for the mouse, holds the mouse, searches for the cursor on the screen, then finds the exact spot where if he clicks, it'll be in the next field and he does all this. You completely broke whatever he has learned about it, okay? Which is why it's bad for you and UX. But, there's another twist. All of this was sent back and received in clear text. Clear text is text that you can read, right? That's it, nothing else. What's wrong with that? This is a hypothetical list of stuff that is between you in the browser and the server, okay? You could be on a wireless network. If you, it was sent in clear text, all of you who are in the same wireless network, it is theoretically possible, it's practically very easy to see what data was being sent. There could be a helpful IT admin monitoring for bad traffic. You know, bad traffic is in code, so you don't know what they're monitoring for. There could be an ISP gateway with helpful IT admin. There could be a country level gateway with helpful government IT admin. Again, monitoring for bad traffic. You know, think of a bunch of countries who've done this before. There could be a server admin monitoring and you don't know who else. How many hops are there? What routers were involved? All of that. So, there are a bunch of things that can happen and this is all sent in clear text. Just so, before we continue, I'm gonna recap what we have talked about. Because I kind of forgot when I was doing this, you know, where I was. Effective design inspires trust. People trust based on strong visual cues. These cues can be faked. I gave you an example of a phishing page. Ideally don't trust anyone. You guys won't listen to me. If we use common sense approach to generating a new password, we will need to trust multiple intermediaries. I always wanted to use that word. So it will pronounce. Right? So this is what we have looked at so far and we now know that it is going in clear text. It is, you know, may be readable by a bunch of people who may not be very friendly to you. This is a problem worthy of a philosopher actor. So how do we create secure websites? Nobody gets the mean? I thought it was funny. SSL. Ever heard of this? SSL? HTTPS? Yes, some people are nodding. Okay. Sorry. Sorry about that. There was a time when people used to think that all problems in application security will be magically solved by SSL, okay? Did it not turn red or something? Oh, okay. I put that animation in it. Okay, maybe, maybe not. Let's see. This is what SSL looks like to a normal user using a browser, okay? This is not my slide. I've taken it from a place. I've referenced it. If you were using Chrome, that shiny lock will be on the left. If you're using i9, it'll be on the right. Opera has a different place. Safari has a different place. And I'm sure there are a bunch of browsers missing here. And I'm not even looking at the mobile browsers. Okay. This is supposed to, you know, give you some security. But the way, and I'm not saying, you know, designers are at fault or something. But the way it looks like to an end user, these things appear everywhere. And there have been attacks against SSL where they have just created a shiny lock, put it on as part of the webpage. They can't manipulate what's on the, you know, the Chrome or the browser, right? But they can put it on the webpage and people trust those things. There are two things the SSL's supposed to do. Okay. Without being too technical, ideally nobody can see your message. Therefore, they can't change it because they can't really see what is in clear text. And are you talking to the right server? Your encryption doesn't really count for anything if it is reaching the wrong server because there it is going to get decrypted. And then there is this hierarchy. You are supposed to trust some intermediate CAs. CAs are certification authorities. Let's just leave it at that. You are supposed to trust some third parties and who have been assigned and who have done business with the root CAs. So root CAs have a business. They have sold something to these middle guys and you're supposed to trust them to tell you that the server you're talking to is your actual bank. What could go wrong? Bad things can happen. There are a bunch of examples. The point is hundreds of certificates for different websites have been generated which your browser will completely accept as genuine, authentic, and you wouldn't get the dreadful red page warning that are you sure you want to continue. I'm sure you guys have seen that, right? This is what a rogue SSL certificate can look like. This was done as part of a research project. These guys created a certificate and they called it, I broke the internet and all I got was this T-shirt. They never released this because they thought that this was too sensitive to be released but this research is available. It'll be part of the slides so you can have a look. So then, you know how businesses respond to a challenge. They came up with something called EVSSL, Extended Validation SSL. They would only give this SSL certificate to a genuine business, right? That's what they're saying. Makes you wonder who were they selling it to earlier? This is, there's a lawyer involved and he's gonna make sure that the business address is checked or whatever but that's what it came to. But look what happened to that. This is how it appears to an end user. If you're in IE, the whole bar is green because PayPal is using an EV certificate, Extended Validation, on Chrome and Firefox, just a small part in the left is green. But end users mostly don't notice address bars, right? They're not even looking at this. Firefox also does one other thing, it's a subtle thing, I don't know if you noticed. If you notice the actual domain part is like darker then where it says, H-E-T-B-E-S, slash, slash, W-W-W. Okay, so that is trying to show you the actual domain like people really cared about it. I don't have time to cover this. I actually promised three things. So maybe next year. I don't have the answers for you. I really don't have the answers, okay? I don't understand design that much. But I'm guessing, I'm hoping that being in this room, talking to this audience, you guys will look at these things as well, right? Because a secure, safe internet basically means more business for you, right, in the end. And I don't understand the design part of it, okay? I understand security. I also understand that people want to use these things without worrying about security, insecurity, how safe, how paranoid. They don't care about all that, okay? The idea is to get your attention and see if these problems can be solved using design. Because it's a very powerful tool. I think before Clear Trip, we didn't really have good travel websites. It's actually really beautiful to look at, right? Even the way a ticket gets printed and all that. That's all I have, questions? I'm on time. Questions? Okay, till someone figures out they want to ask a question. I just want to tell you a nice story. I went to a KSRTC booking office. KSRTC is your bus roadways. And there was this really nice person sitting there managing the ticket thing. He had Chrome open on his computer. I was really impressed. And this is like three years back. So I said I have to book a ticket. You know what he did? In the Chrome bar, he typed in www.google.com. Then pressed enter. Then it went to google.com. Actually went to code.in. And then it showed the search bar. There, in all caps, he typed KSRTC. Then pressed enter. And then clicked on the first link, search link returned to go to the KSRTC website. The KSRTC website is ksrdc.co.in. That's what normal people do. Questions? Was it so fabulous that there were questions? All the plants, ask your question now. Yeah, it's not really a question, but it's an anecdote. You know how the modern browsers have that they have different colors for the security locks? Like it can be red or green or yellow. I got the most concerned call from my mom when she was on Gmail once. And it was yellow. And because it was loading assets from an insecure website, she was like, oh my God, my website's hacked, my computer's hacked, oh God. And I was like, oh, she freaked out and she took a computer into a hardware store. Boy, it is just like, I tried to explain to it, not something to worry about. I didn't have any luck. But that's the problem, right? You can say don't worry about it this time. But next time it could be a genuine threat. It just confuses normal users. Yeah, sorry. Any other questions? Hi Akash, what do you think is the security requirement for intranet applications within the corporate? Which are not accessed by public, yeah. How much importance should we give there and how much we should not? If you're asking me, they should be built with the same security requirements as you would build any other kind of application because intranets tend to store a lot of sensitive data. And in fact, I'm doing a training next week where one of the tasks will be to get access to an intranet application from outside and steal data. Okay, so if you're asking me, you should definitely consider it at par. Anything else? This isn't a question, but his anecdote reminded me of another thing. So I used to work at Prakto, which is a medical startup here based in Bangalore. And one of the changes that the design team did there was that in the search bar of the website, of the internal application that the doctors and nurses actually use, in the search box, they put in a hint text that said search, okay. And the next day we received 13 phone calls from clinics across the country and there's already something written inside the box. How do I search? Yes. So if people think that, you know, I mean, people, a lot of people come up and discuss things like, you know, there should be hint text and labels and stuff. Yeah, and if it's not even funny, it's like my parents just get anxious when they're unable to figure out. It causes them so much anxiety like they have broken something there. Anything else? Oh yeah, there's a question there, the back. Hello. Hi, my name is Surudham a designer. We're discussing a problem to which the way I see it, you're saying it has a design solution or does it have a tech solution? What is the point of your talk? The point is that without really good design, none of the tech solutions will work. I don't have an answer that what would be a good design, but I'm saying the current situation is that we have a lot of security issues, but the design isn't really helping us out. Does that answer that? I don't really follow. I don't have a- I'm saying even phishing websites are made as well as pretty as say regular websites. No, they're just copying the entire source code and then they're set up. So from a user standpoint, both look equally secure, right? So from a design perspective, they've got it covered. So shouldn't the tech get stronger for authentic websites? Let me put it this way. I gave you an example of a phishing website of Gmail, where in the address bar, it clearly shows that it's not Gmail, right? Now the extended validation SSL, which is a solution for SSL's failings is doing everything in its power to put all of the visual cues inside the address bar. I don't believe that's a good solution. I don't know what is a good solution, but I don't believe that's a good solution because people, normal people are not paying attention to the address bar in the first place. That's what I'm trying to say. And this is the exact discussion that I'm hoping for, right? Answers from you guys. All right, thanks. Hi, do you think if browsers actually become smart enough to recognize the comparison between the actual page and the URL is different? So if a browser recognizes a Gmail page and sees the URL is different from a Gmail authenticated URL, which it has in the system, it can create an alert for it, not show the website. See, the problem will not be solved. The problem will not be solved by the browser vendors because if they try to start reading what is happening and start comparing and sending it to somewhere else, it'll become a huge privacy issue. No, no, no, no. You have your Microsoft site advisor and bunch of, sorry, MacAfee site advisor trying to do something similar. The other thing like Chrome can do, Google Chrome does is by default for some of the websites, it has the certificates already in the browser, right? So by default, you can't go wrong, you can't go to a wrong server. The idea is that let's just take it away from the user to choose that. Because they want to go to PayPal. I think you did not get, maybe I was not proper in that. I'm sorry. Maybe I was not proper in explaining what I was trying to say was, so normally what browsers nowadays show is a snapshot in the homepage where you can actually see a small image of their site, which you normally go to. Yeah. So what a browser maybe can do is keep a snapshot and let's say as an image, and whereas phishing site loads up, so the URL will be different, as you said. So take a snapshot of that phishing site and compare if there's some basic similarity algorithms can run on it, and compare that a similar UI, but the source, the URL resource, is actually not the right one. It can say a problem is there. Yeah, so where will the comparison data basically kept? In the browser. Okay, that's a solution. Maybe, I don't know if that's viable. It's just. But that makes sense. What you're saying makes sense, yeah. I think there was a question here. So one of the things is, I think there's a design problem to security, but I think there's a problem from the security side as well, in the sense that it's very hard for a small startup to make their website reliably secure. I think there are technical challenges to get SSL right, the whole mix content warnings and all that stuff. I think it's kind of, it's easy, but it's not that easy that anyone can be secure by default. I don't like businesses realize that their end users don't really care. So for startups, it's very important where they will put their money in, right? And at a business level, the problem is solved. They don't care. Like how banks solve it, they know that 10% or 15% of the transaction that will happen, there'll be fraud in it. So they buy insurance for that. Okay, but I think there still needs to be something to make it really easy for startups. Cheaper, faster, simpler to implement. You should start coming to null. We do a lot of information security stuff for free. Startups can benefit from that. How am I doing on time? Hello. It's not a question really, but I think the bigger problem here is a lot of things that we do in day-to-day life are dependent on convention. And the thing is all with these security issues like the green bar or the lock symbol and all, right? There is no standard convention on where they would appear. Like every browser manufacturer would have it in different places or they will indicate it differently. So the way we have web standards, if we have some browser security standards, then probably it will be easier for us. So the good news is they have already started doing that. Especially the teams at Firefox and Chrome, they are talking about these things on a regular basis. And they're actually working towards that. But I don't know how effective that'll be. Or will they actually be able to get stuff done? But the good news is they've already started talking. And including not only the browsers, but some of the big websites, right? Especially your Google, Twitter, and bunch of them also understand that how security is like a prerequisite for them providing their services well, right? Which is why Facebook has started turning on HTTPS for bunch of countries based on what happened in Tunisia. Sir, as you're talking about the SSL certificate, so if I'm running one website, and I'm using the self-signed certificate using the open SSL. So as I know, nothing is different between the already authorized CA certificate and self-signed certificate. Instead of just we are trusting on some CA. But internally, both are showing the same thing. If using that, the self-signed certificate, as some of browser don't have the root CA and CA, all those certificate. So anyway, some site is still offered. You have to anyway proceed to this site. You have to add to exception. So if I'm using on my site that certificate, self-signed certificate, and I'm giving that self-signed certificate. So anyway, user can proceed that certificate also. In that way, we can attack using the duplicate certificate on some site. So the attack can happen. On SSL attack can happen. It can happen. But again, if your users are well informed, they understand what your certificate looks like. Some authorized, that means already CA's provided certificate. Also, you have to anyway some, like in India. India having the seven or six CA's. From the, I think in IE or Mozilla and Chrome, anyone don't have it. None of them have it. Yeah. So you have to, Indian guy have to anyway add the exception in browser. So if I'm providing that open SSL certificate, in that case, you also have to add that certificate. So you don't know, I mean, you are adding that open SSL certificate or that CA certificate. So how can you prevent from this kind of attack on SSL? You can't. In any which way, you'll have to either give the key of the SSL certificate and the person can verify manually before they add it. But you can't prevent the attack if someone is hell bent on adding a certificate. In that case, sir, if I'm using the EV certificate, EV SSL, in that case, as the EV, I think, as I know, only they are going for manually verification of the servers and whatever the certificate is there. So in EV certificate, we can, somewhat we can provide the solution for SSL. No, I don't think your browser will accept a self-signed certificate as an extended validation. I don't think that's possible. But I'm not sure. I'll check up on that. I will let you know. Just meet me outside. But I don't think the browser will accept it. Akash? Akash? Yeah. So I just want to contribute to the discussion. But I think design teams and security teams are completely disconnected. I don't know of any design team that has security as an end goal. So I think the point you're trying to get at was really that designers should get involved with this discussion of how to secure things to maybe solve some of these problems. Because right now, we're just completely disconnected people. Because if they did talk a lot more. Maybe we could solve some of this, right? It wouldn't be so bad. Thank you, guys. Thank you so much. We'll have a quick break. Since we've gone a little bit beyond, let's take.

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DevOpsDays Chicago 2017 - Ignites- Devops Deeper Thoughts by Not Jack Handey by Joshua Zimmerman

DevOpsDays Chicago 2017 - Ignites- Devops Deeper Thoughts by Not Jack Handey by Joshua Zimmerman If you thought that last year’s thoughts were deep, wait until you hear this year’s. Not Jack Handey returns with another ignite full of one-liner jokes and fun “facts” about devops inspired by the SNL segments of yesteryear. This talk is primarily tongue-in-cheek humor and will be comprised of “deep thoughts” that are entirely new to Chicago (aside from maybe one or two favorites from last year). There will be some “thoughts” pulled from other iterations of Devops Deep Thoughts and many entirely new “thoughts”.

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All right, for those of you who weren't here last year, I'm gonna have a small explanation of what I'm doing, which is that this is all supposed to be funny. This is all not actual stuff. Don't take any of this as an actual thing that you need to learn or do just laugh, imagine some nice picturesque music in the background and enjoy what I'm about to do. And now, DevOps deep thoughts by not Jack Handy. Maybe in order to understand DevOps, we have to look at the word itself. Basically, it's made up of two separate words, divo and ps. What do these words mean? It's a mystery, and that's why so is DevOps. Most of the time, it was probably really bad being stuck in the server room, but some days when you were on hour 20 of maintenance and there was a heatwave outside, you check the weather online and think, boy, I'm glad I'm not out in that. They say that Kubernetes has many secrets, but the biggest is this, I'm not using it in production. People think it would be fun to be a developer because you can create things, but they forget the negative side, which is that you actually have to operate them. When I was a junior, there were times we had to train ourselves, and usually the best way we found to do that was Stack Overflow. If you ever are using a SaaS product, try not to let your code touch it because you don't know where those servers have been. If your monitoring ever tells you that your application is down, don't believe it, and just keep on doing what you were doing because something tells me that the man is behind this one. I'm just guessing, but probably one of the early signs that your serverless application is failing for you is something I like to call infinite request loop, but I've never seen a serverless application, so I wouldn't totally go by what I've just said. I wish I would have a really upsetting project cancellation and get so burned out that I'd just quit my job and not work for a few years because I was thinking about doing that anyways. I think a good gift for the ops team would be a fake outage, and since they're always so busy, you'd probably have to bring the apps down really quick without them noticing. My new million dollar idea is one serverless platform and one server-ish platform, for when you have legacy code that will never actually run on a serverless platform but still want to say that you're serverless. If God dwells within our servers like some tech folk think, I hope he likes Docker because that's what he's getting. Somebody told me how frightening it was, how much technical debt we were accruing every sprint, but I told that story around a campfire and nobody got scared. We used to laugh at the one engineer when they'd head off to conferences we thought were pointless, but we wouldn't be laughing the next week when they came back with some new tool they wanted to implement in production. People around here need to realize that every time they talk about how fragile our infrastructure is, it's just inviting a large enterprise with greater uptime demands to buy our company. A wise person can pick up a tool and envision an entire ecosystem and how to implement it. A foolish person will sit down, play around with it for a day and then say, hey, we're running Docker in production. If you ever discover that what you're running is a VM in a container on a VM, just slow down, take a deep breath and hold on for the refactor of your life. Thanks, I'm Josh Zimmerman. That's my Twitter handle. I also organized DevOps Days Madison. We have tickets available and we're looking for more sponsors. This has all been a parody of Deep Thoughts. All the original stuff was done by him. All the credit should actually go to Jack Handy and not me, I just manipulate words and come up and present them, so.

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Poison Belt | Sir Arthur Conan Doyle | Action & Adventure Fiction, Detective Fiction | Book | 1/2

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CHAPTER 1 OF THE POISON BELT The Poison Belt by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Being an account of another adventure of Professor George E. Challenger, Lord John Roxton, Professor Summerly, and Mr. E. D. Malone, the discoverers of The Lost World. CHAPTER 1 INTITLED THE BLURING OF LINES It is imperative that now at once, while these stupendous events are still clear in my mind, I should set them down with that exactness of detail which time may blur. But even as I do so, I am overwhelmed by the wonder of the fact that it should be our little group of The Lost World—Professor Challenger, Professor Summerly, Lord John Roxton, and myself—who have passed through this amazing experience. When some years ago I chronicled in the Daily Gazette our epic-making journey in South America, I little thought that it should ever fall to my lot to tell an even stranger personal experience, one which is unique in all human annals and which stand out in the records of history, as a great peak among the humble foothills which surround it. The event itself will always be marvellous, but the circumstances that we four were together at the time of this extraordinary episode came about in a most natural and indeed inevitable fashion. I will explain the events which led up to it as shortly and as clearly as I can. Although I am well aware that the fuller the detail upon such a subject, the more welcome it will be to the reader, for the public curiosity has been and still is insatiable. It was upon Friday, the 27th of August, a date forever memorable in the history of the world, that I went down to the office of my paper and asked for three days leave of absence from Mr. McArdle, who still presided over our news department. The good old scotchman shook his head, scratched his dwindling fringe of ruddy fluff, and finally put his reluctance into words. I was thinking, Mr. Malone, that we could employ you to advantage these days. I was thinking there was a story that you are the only man that could handle as it should be handled. I am sorry for that, said I, trying to hide my disappointment. Of course, if I am needed, there is an end of the matter, but the engagement was important and intimate. If I could be spared, well, I don't see that you can. It was bitter, but I had to put the best face I could upon it. After all, it was my own fault, for I should have known by this time that a journalist has no right to make plans of his own. Then I'll think no more of it, said I, with as much cheerfulness as I could assume at so short a notice. What was it that you wanted me to do? Well, it was just to interview that devil of a man down at Rutherfield. You don't mean Professor Challenger, I cried. I—it's just him that I do mean. He ran young Alex Simpson of the Courier a mile down the high road last week by the collar of his coat and the slack of his breeches. You'll have read of it, likely, in the police report. Our boys would as soon interview a loose alligator in the zoo. But you could do it, I'm thinking, an old friend like you. Why, said I, greatly relieved, that makes it all easy. It so happens that it was to visit Professor Challenger at Rutherfield that I was asking for leave of absence. The fact is that it is the anniversary of our main adventure on the plateau three years ago, and he has asked our whole party down to his house to see him and celebrate the occasion. Capital! cried Mr. McArdle, rubbing his hands and beaming through his glasses. Then you will be able to get his opinions out of him. In any other man I would say it was all moonshine, but the fella has made good once, and who knows but he may again. Get what out of him, I asked. What has he been doing? Haven't you seen his letter on scientific possibilities in today's times? No. McArdle dived down and picked a copy from the floor. Read it aloud, said he, indicating a column with his finger. I'd be glad to hear it again, for I am not sure now that I have the man's meaning clear in my head. This was the letter which I read to the news editor of the Gazette. Scientific Possibilities Sir, I have read with amusement, not wholly unmixed with some less complimentary emotion, the complacent and wholly fatuous letter of James Wilson McFail, which has lately appeared in your columns upon the subject of the blurring of Fraunhofer's lines in the spectra, both of the planets and of the fixed stars. He dismisses the matter as of no significance. To a wider intelligence it may well seem of very great possible importance, so great as to involve the ultimate welfare of very man, woman, and child upon this planet. I can hardly hope, by the use of scientific language, to convey any sense of my meaning to those ineffectual people who gather their ideas from the columns of a daily newspaper. I will endeavor, therefore, to condescend to their limitation and to indicate the situation by the use of a homely analogy which will be within the limits of the intelligence of your readers. Man, he's a wonder, a living wonder, said MacGarlal, shaking his head reflectively. He'd put up the feathers of a sucking dove and set up a riot at a Quaker's meeting. Ha! No wonder he has made London too hot for him. It's a pity, Mr. Malone, for it's a grand brain. Well, let's have the analogy. We will suppose, I read, that a small bundle of connected corks was launched in a sluggish current upon a voyage across the Atlantic. The corks drift slowly on, from day to day, with the same conditions all round them. If the corks were sentient, we could imagine that they would consider these conditions to be permanent and assured. But we, with our superior knowledge, know that many things might happen to surprise the corks. They may possibly float up against a ship, or a sleeping whale, or become entangled in seaweed. In any case, their voyage would probably end by their being thrown up on the rocky coast of Labrador. But what could they know of all this while they drifted so gently, day by day, in what they thought was a limitless and homogeneous ocean? Your readers will possibly comprehend that the Atlantic, in this parable, stands for the mighty ocean of ether through which we drift, and that the bunch of corks represents the little and obscure planetary system to which we belong. A third-rate sun, with its ragtag and bobtail of insignificant satellites, we float under the same daily conditions towards some unknown end, some squalid catastrophe which will overwhelm us at the ultimate confines of space, where we are swept over an etheric niagra or dashed upon some unthinkable Labrador. I see no room here for the shallow and ignorant optimism of your correspondent, Mr. James Wilson McPhail, but many reasons why we should watch with a very close and interested attention every indication of change in those cosmic surroundings upon which our own ultimate fate may depend. Even he'd have made a grand minister, said McArdle. It just booms like an organ. Let's get down to what it is that's troubling him. The general blurring and shifting of Fraunhofer's lines of the spectrum point, in my opinion, to a widespread cosmic change of a subtle and singular character. Light from a planet is the reflected light of the sun. Light from a star is a self-produced light. But the spectra both from planets and stars have, in this instance, all undergone the same change. Is it, then, a change in those planets and stars? To me such an idea is inconceivable. What common change could simultaneous light come upon them all? Is it a change in our own atmosphere? It is possible, but in the highest degree improbable, since we see no signs of it around us, and chemical analysis has failed to reveal it. What, then, is the third possibility? That it may be a change in the conducting medium, in that infinitely fine ether which extends from star to star and pervades the whole universe. Deep in that ocean we are floating upon a slow current. Might that current not drift out into belts of ether which are novel, and have properties of which we have never conceived? There is a change somewhere. This cosmic disturbance of the spectrum proves it. It may be a good change. It may be an evil one. It may be a neutral one. We do not know. Shallow observers may treat the matter as one which can be disregarded, but one who, like myself, is possessed of the deeper intelligence of the true philosopher, will understand that the possibilities of the universe are incalculable, and that the wisest man is he who holds himself ready for the unexpected. To take an obvious example, who would undertake to say that the mysterious and universal outbreak of illness recorded in your columns this very morning as having broken out among the indigenous races of Sumatra has no connection with some cosmic change to which they may respond more quickly than the more complex peoples of Europe? I throw out the idea for what it is worth. To assert it is, in the present stage, as unprofitable as to deny it, but it is an unimaginative numbskull who is too dense to perceive that is well within the bounds of scientific possibility. Yours faithfully, George Edward Challenger, the Briers, Rutherfield. It's a fine stimulating letter, said MacArdle thoughtfully, fitting a cigarette into the long glass tube which he used as a holder. What your opinion of it, Mr. Malone? I had to confess my total and humiliating ignorance of the subject at issue. What, for example, were Fraunhofer's lines? MacArdle had just been studying the matter with the aid of our tame scientist at the office, and he picked from his desk two of those many-colored spectral bands which bear a general resemblance to the hat-ribbons of some young and ambitious cricket club. He pointed out to me that there were certain black lines which formed crossbars upon the series of brilliant colors extending from the red at one end through gradations of orange, yellow, green, blue, and indigo to the violet at the other. Those dark bands are Fraunhofer's lines, said he. The colors are just light itself. Every light, if you can split it up with a prism, gives the same colors. They tell us nothing. It is the lines that count because they vary according to what it may be that produces the light. It is these lines that have been blurred, instead of clear this last week, and all the astronomers have been quarreling over the reason. Here's a photograph of the blurred lines for our issue tomorrow. The public have taken no interest in the matter up to now, but this letter of challengers in the Times will make them wake up, I'm thinking. And this about Sumatra? Well, it's a long cry from a blurred line in the spectrum to a sick nigger in Sumatra, and yet the chile has shown us once before that he knows what he's talking about. There is some queer illness down yonder. That's beyond all doubt, and today there's a cable just come in from Singapore that the lighthouses are out of action in the Straits of Sundan, and two ships on the beach in consequence. Anyhow, it's good enough for you to interview challenger upon. If you get anything definite, let us have a column by Monday. I was coming out from the news editor's room, turning over my new mission in my mind, when I heard my name called from the waiting room below. It was a telegraph boy with a wire which had been forwarded from my lodgings at Streetham. The message was from the very man we had been discussing, and ran thus. Malone, 17 Hill Street, Streetham. Bring Oxygen. Challenger. Bring Oxygen. The Professor, as I remembered him, had an elephantine sense of humor, capable of the most clumsy and unwieldy gambolings. Was this one of those jokes which used to reduce him to uproarious laughter, when his eyes would disappear and he was all gaping mouth and wagging beard, supremely indifferent to the gravity of all around him? I turned the words over, but could make nothing even remotely jacos out of them. Then surely it was a concise order, though a very strange one. It was the last man in the world whose deliberate command I should care to disobey. Possibly some chemical experiment was afoot. Possibly—well, it was no business of mine to speculate upon why he wanted it. I must get it. It was nearly an hour before I should catch the train at Victoria. I took a taxi, and having ascertained the address from the telephone book, I made for the Oxygen Tube Supply Company in Oxford Street. As I alighted on the pavement at my destination, two youths submerged from the door of the establishment carrying an iron cylinder, which with some trouble they hoisted into a waiting motor-car. An elderly man was at their heels, scolding and directing in a creaky, sardonic voice. He turned towards me. There was no mistaking those austere features and that goatee beard. It was my old cross-grained companion, Professor Somerly. What! he cried, Don't tell me that you have had one of those preposterous telegrams for Oxygen. I exhibited it. Well, well, I have had one, too, and as you see very much against the grain I have acted upon it. A good friend is as impossible as ever. The need for Oxygen could not have been so urgent that he must desert the usual means of supply and encroach upon the time of those who are really busier than himself. Why could he not order it direct? I could only suggest that he probably wanted it at once. Or thought he did, which is quite another matter. But it is superfluous now for you to purchase any since I have this considerable supply. Still for some reason he seems to wish that I should bring Oxygen, too. It will be safer to do exactly what he tells me. Accordingly in spite of many grumbles and remonstrances from Somerly, I ordered an additional tube, which was placed with the other in his motor-car, for he had offered me a lift to Victoria. I turned away to pay off my taxi, the driver of which was very cantankerous and abusive over his fare. As I came back to Professor Somerly he was having a furious altercation with the men who had carried down the Oxygen, his little white goat's beard jerking with indignation. One of the fellows called him, I remember, a silly old bleached cockatoo, which so enraged his chauffeur that he bounded out of his seat to take the part of his insulted master, and it was all we could do to prevent a riot in the street. These little things may seem trivial to relate, and past as mere incidents at the time. It is only now, as I look back, that I see their relation to the whole story which I have to unfold. The chauffeur must, as it seemed to me, have been a novice, or else have lost his nerve in this disturbance, for he drove vilely on the way to the station. Once we nearly had collisions with other equally erratic vehicles, and I remember remarking to Somerly that the standard of driving in London had very much declined. Once we brushed the very edge of a great crowd which was watching a fight at the corner of the mall. The people who were much excited raised cries of anger at the clumsy driving, and one fellow sprang upon the step and waved a stick above our heads. I pushed him off, but we were glad when we had got clear of them and safe out of the park. These little events, coming one after the other, left me very jangled in my nerves, and I could see from my companion's petulet manner that his own patients had got to a low ebb. But our good humour was restored when we saw Lord John Rockston waiting for us upon the platform, his tall, thin figure clad in a yellow-tweed shooting suit, his keen face, with those unforgettable eyes, so fierce and yet so humorous, flashed with pleasure at the sight of us. His ruddy hair was shot with grey, and the furrows upon his brow had been cut a little deeper by Time's chisel. But in all else he was the Lord John who had been our good comrade in the past. Hello, Herr Professor! Hello, young fella! He shouted as he came toward us. He roared with amusement when he saw the oxygen cylinders upon the porter's trolley behind us. So you've got them too! He cried. Mine is in the van. Whatever can the old dear be after? Have you seen his letter in the Times? I asked. What was it? Stuff and nonsense! Said summerly, harshly. Well, it's at the bottom of this oxygen business, or I am mistaken, said I. Stuff and nonsense! He cried summerly again with quite unnecessary violence. We'd all got into a first-class smoker, and he'd already lit the short and charred old briar pipe which seemed to singe the end of his long, aggressive nose. Friend Challenger is a clever man, said he with great vehemence. No one can deny it. It's a fool that denies it. Look at his hat! There's a sixty-ounce brain inside it. A big engine running smooth and turning out clean work. Show me the engine house and I'll tell you the size of the engine. But he is a born charlatan. You've heard me tell him so to his face. A born charlatan with a kind of dramatic trick of jumping into the limelight. Things are quiet, so Friend Challenger sees a chance to set the public talking about him. You don't imagine that he seriously believes all this nonsense about a change in the ether and a danger to the human race? Was ever such a cock and bull story in this life? He sat like an old white raven, croaking and shaking with sardonic laughter. A wave of anger passed through me as I listened to summerly. It was disgraceful that he should speak thus of the leader who had been the source of all our fame and given us such an experience as no men have ever enjoyed. I had opened my mouth to utter some hot retort when Lord John got before me. You had a scrap once before with old man Challenger, said he sternly, and you were down and out inside ten seconds. It seems to me, Professor Summerly, that he's beyond your class, and the best you can do with him is to walk wide and leave him alone. Besides, said I, he has been a good friend to every one of us. Whatever his faults may be, he is as straight as a line, and I don't believe he ever speaks evil of his comrades behind their backs. Well said young fellow Malad, said Lord John Rockston. Then with a kindly smile he slapped Professor Summerly upon his shoulder. Come here, Professor, we're not going to quarrel at this time of day. We've seen too much together. But keep off the grass when you get near Challenger, for this young fellow and I have a bit of a weakness for the old deer. But Summerly was in no humor for compromise. His face was screwed up in rigid disapproval, and thick curls of angry smoke rolled up from his pipe. As to you, Lord John Rockston, he creaked, your opinion upon a matter of sciences of as much value in my eyes as my views upon a new type of shotgun would be in yours. I have my own judgment, sir, and I use it in my own way. Because it has misled me once, is that any reason why I should accept without criticism anything, however far-fetched, which this man may care to put forward? Are we to have a pope of science, with infallible decrees laid down ex-cathedra, and accepted without question by the poor, humble public? I tell you, sir, that I have a brain of my own, and that I should feel myself to be a snob and a slave if I did not use it. If it pleases you to believe this rigmarole about Ether and Fronhoffer's lines upon the spectrum, do so by all means, but do not ask one who is older and wiser than yourself to share in your folly. Is it not evident that if the Ether were affected to the degree which he maintains, and if it were obnoxious to human health, the result of it would already be apparent upon ourselves? Yes, sir, we should already be very far from our normal selves, and instead of sitting quietly discussing scientific problems in a railway train, we should be showing actual symptoms of the poison which was working within us. Where do we see any signs of this poisonous cosmic disturbance? Answer me that, sir. Answer me that. Come, come. No evasions. I pin you to an answer. I felt more and more angry. There was something very irritating and aggressive in Somerley's demeanor. I think that if you knew more about the facts you might be less positive in your opinion, said I. Somerley took his pipe from his mouth and fixed me with a stony stare. Pray what do you mean, sir, by that Somerley? Do you mean, sir, by that somewhat impertinent observation? I mean that when I was leaving the office the news editor told me that a telegram had come in confirming the general illness of the Sumatra natives, and adding that the lights had not been lit in the Straits of Sunda. Really! There should be some limits to human folly, cried Somerley, in a positive fury. Is it possible that you do not realize that Ether, if for a moment we adopt Challenger's preposterous supposition, is a universal substance which is the same here as at the other side of the world? To you for an instant, suppose, that there is an English Ether and a Sumatran Ether. Perhaps you imagine that the Ether of Kent is in some way superior to the Ether of Surrey, through which this train is now bearing us. There really are no bounds to the credulity and ignorance of the average layman. Is it conceivable that the Ether in Sumatra should be so deadly as to cause total insensibility at the very time when the Ether here has had no appreciable effect upon us, whatever? Personally, I can truly say that I never felt stronger in body or better balanced in mind in my life. That may be. I don't profess to be a scientific man, said I, though I have heard somewhere that the science of one generation is usually the fallacy of the next. But it does not take much common sense to see that, as we seem to know so little about Ether, it might be affected by some local conditions in various parts of the world, and might show an effect over there which would only develop later with us. With might in May you can prove anything, cried summerly furiously. Pigs may fly. Yes, sir, pigs may fly, but they don't. It is not worth arguing with you. Challenger has filled you with his nonsense, and you are both incapable of reason. I had to soon lay arguments before those railway cushions. I must say, Professor Summerly, that your manners do not seem to have improved since I last had the pleasure of meeting you, said Lord John severely. You Lordlings are not accustomed to hear the truth, Summerly answered with a bitter smile. It comes as a bit of a shock, does it not, when someone makes you realize that your title leaves you none of the less a very ignorant man. One my word, sir, said Lord John, very stern and rigid. If you were a younger man you would not dare to speak to me in so offensive a fashion. Summerly thrust out his chin with this little wagging tuft of goatee beard. I would have you know, sir, that young or old there has never been a time in my life when I was afraid to speak my mind to an ignorant coxcomb. Yes, sir, an ignorant coxcomb. If you had as many titles as slaves could invent and fools could adopt. For a moment Lord John's eyes blazed, and then with a tremendous effort he mastered his anger and leaned back in his seat, with arms folded and a bitter smile upon his face. To me all this was dreadful and deplorable. Like a wave the memory of the past swept over me, the good comradeship, the happy, adventurous days, all that we had suffered and worked for and won. That it should have come to this, to insults and abuse. Suddenly I was sobbing, sobbing in loud, gulping, uncontrollable sobs which refused to be concealed. My companions looked at me in surprise. I covered my face with my hands. It's all right," said I. Only, only it is such a pity. Your ill young fellow, that's what's amiss with you, said Lord John. I thought you were queer from the first. Your habits, sir, have not mended in these three years, said summarily, shaking his head. I also did not fail to observe your strange manner the moment we met. You need not waste your sympathy, Lord John. These tears are purely alcoholic. The man has been drinking by the way, Lord John. I called you a cox-comb just now, which was perhaps unduly severe. But the word reminds me of a small accomplishment, trivial but amusing which I used to possess. You know me as the austere man of science. Can you believe that I once had a well-deserved reputation in several nurseries as a farmyard imitator? Perhaps I can help you to pass the time in a pleasant way. Would it amuse you to hear me crow like a cock? No, sir," said Lord John, who was still greatly offended. It would not amuse me. My imitation of the clucking hen who has just laid an egg was also considered rather above the average. Might I venture? No, sir, no, certainly not. But in spite of this earnest prohibition, Professor Somerly laid down his pipe, and for the rest of our journey he entertained—or failed to entertain—us by a succession of bird-and-animal cries which seemed so absurd that my tears were suddenly changed into boisterous laughter, which must have become quite hysterical as I sat opposite this grave professor and saw him, or rather heard him, in the character of the uproarious rooster or the puppy whose tail had been trodden upon. Once Lord John passed across his newspaper, upon the margin of which he had written in pencil, "'Poor devil, mad as a hatter!' No doubt it was very eccentric, and yet the performance struck me as extraordinarily clever and amusing. Once this was going on, Lord John leaned forward and told me some interminable story about a buffalo and an Indian rajah, which seemed to me to have neither beginning nor end. Professor Somerly had just begun to cheer up like a canary, and Lord John to get to the climax of his story, when the train drew up at Jarvis Brook, which had been given us as the station for Rutherfield. And there was Challenger to meet us. His appearance was glorious. Not all the turkey-cocks in creation could match the slow, high-stepping dignity with which he paraded his own railway station, and the benignous smile of condescending encouragement with which he regarded everybody around him. If he had changed in anything since the days of old, it was that his points had become accentuated. The huge head and broad sweep of forehead, with its plastered lock of black hair, seemed even greater than before. His black beard poured forward in a more impressive cascade, and his clear gray eyes, with their insolent and sardonic eyelids, were even more masterful than of your. He gave me the amused handshake and encouraging smile which the headmaster bestows upon the small boy, and having greeted the others and helped to collect their bags and their cylinders of oxygen, he stowed us and them away in a large motor-car, which was driven by the same impassive Austen, the man of few words, which I had seen in the character of Butler upon the occasion of my first eventful visit to the Professor. Our journey led us up a winding hill through beautiful country. I sat in front with the chauffeur, but behind me my three comrades seemed to me to be all talking together. Before John was still struggling with his buffalo story, so far as I could make out, while once again I heard, as of old, the deep rumble of challenger and the insistent accents of summerly as their brains locked in high and fierce scientific debate, suddenly Austen slanted his mahogany face toward me without taking his eyes from his steering-wheel. I am under notice, said he. Dear me, said I. Everything seems strange today. Everyone said queer, unexpected things. It was like a dream. It's forty-seven times, said Austen reflectively. When do you go, I asked, for want of some better observation. I don't go, said Austen. The conversation seemed to have ended there, but presently he came back to it. If I was to go, who would look after him? He jerked his head toward his master. Who would he get to serve him? Someone else, I suggested, lamely. Not he. No one would stay a week. If I was to go, that house would run down like a watch with the mainspring out. I'm telling you because you're his friend, and you ought to know. If I was to take him at his word, but there I wouldn't have the art. He and the missus would be like two babes left out in a bundle. I'm just everything. And then he goes and gives me notice. Why would no one stay? I asked. Well, they wouldn't make endowances, same as I do. He's a very clever man, the master. So clever that he's clean balmy, sometimes. I've seen him right off his onion at no error. Well, look what he did this morning. What did he do? Austin bent over to me. He bit the housekeeper, said he in a horse whisper. Bit her. Yes, sir, bit her on the leg. I saw her with my own eyes, starting a marathon from the all door. Good gracious! So you'd say, sir, if you could see some of the goings on. He don't make friends with the neighbors. There's some of them thinks that when he was up among the monsters you wrote about, it was just home sweet home for the master, and he was never in fitter company. That's what they say. But I've served him 10 years, and I'm fond of him. And mind you, he's a great man, when all said and done, and it's an honor to serve him. But he does try one cruel at times. Now look at that, sir. That ain't what you might call old-fashioned hospitality, is it now? Just you read it for yourself. The car on its lowest speed had ground its way up a steep, curving ascent. At the corner a notice board peered over a well-clipped hedge. As Austin said, it was not difficult to read, for the words were few and arresting. Warning. Visitors, pressmen, and mendicants are not encouraged. G.E. Challenger. No, it's not what you might call hearty, said Austin, shaking his head and glancing up at the deplorable placard. It wouldn't look well in a Christmas card. I beg your pardon, sir, for I haven't spoke as much as this for many a long year. But today my feelings seem to have got the better of me. It can sack me till he's blue in the face, but I ain't going, that's flat. I'm his man, and he's my master, and so it will be, I expect, to the end of the chapter. We had passed between the white posts of a gate and up a curving drive, lined with rhododendron bushes. Beyond stood a low brick house picked out with white woodwork, very comfortable and pretty. Mrs. Challenger, a small, dainty, smiling figure, stood in the open doorway to welcome us. Well, my dear, said Challenger, bustling out of the car, here are our visitors. It is something new for us to have visitors, is it not? No love lost between us and our neighbors is there. If they could get rat poison into our baker's cart, I expect it would be there. It's dreadful, dreadful, said the lady, between laughter and tears. George is always quarreling with everyone. We haven't a friend on the countryside. It enables me to concentrate my attention upon my incomparable wife, said Challenger, passing his short, thick arm around her waist. Picture a gorilla and a gazelle, and you have the pair of them. Come, come, these gentlemen are tired from the journey, at lunch and should be ready. Has Sarah returned? The lady shook her head ruefully, and the professor laughed loudly and stroked his beard in his masterful fashion. Austin, he cried, when you have put up the car, you will kindly help your mistress to lay the lunch. Now, gentlemen, would you please step into my study, for there are one or two very urgent things which I am anxious to say to you. End of Chapter 2 OF THE POISON BELT This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. THE POISON BELT by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Chapter 2, entitled, THE TIDE OF DEATH. As we crossed the hall, the telephone bell rang, and we were the involuntary auditors of Professor Challenger's end of the ensuing dialogue. I say we, but no one within a hundred yards could have failed to hear the booming of that monstrous voice which reverberated through the house. His answers lingered in my mind. Yes, yes, of course, it is I. Yes, certainly, the Professor Challenger, the famous professor, who else? Of course, every word of it, otherwise I should not have written it. I shouldn't be surprised. There is every indication of it, within a day or so at the furthest. Well, I can't help that, can I? Very unpleasant, no doubt, but I rather fancy it will affect more important people than you. There is no use whining about it. No, I couldn't possibly. You must take your chance. That's enough, sir, nonsense. I have something more important to do than to listen to such twaddle. He shut off with a crash and led us upstairs into a large area apartment which formed his study. On the great mahogany desk, seven or eight unopened telegrams were lying. Really, he said, as he gathered them up, I begin to think that it would save my corresponded's money if I were to adopt a telegraphic address. Possibly, Noah, Rutherfield, would be the most appropriate. As usual, when he made an obscure joke, he leaned against the desk and bellowed in a proxism of laughter, his hand shaking so that it could hardly open the envelopes. Noah, Noah! He gassed with a face of beet root, while Lord John and I smiled in sympathy and, summerly, like a dispeptic goat, wagged his head in sardonic disagreement. Finally, Challenger, still rumbling and exploding, began to open his telegrams. The three of us stood in the bow window and occupied ourselves in admiring the magnificent view. It was certainly worth looking at. The road and its gentle curves had really brought us to a considerable elevation, 700 feet, as we afterwards discovered. Challenger's house was on the very edge of the hill and from its southern face, in which was the study window, one looked across the vast stretch of the wheel to where the gentle curves of the south downs formed an undulating horizon. In a cleft of the hills, a haze of smoke marked the position of loose. Immediately at our feet there lay a rolling plain of heather with the long, vivid green stretches of the crowbarrow golf course, all dotted with the players. A little to the south, through an opening in the woods, we could see a section of the main line from London to Brighton. In the immediate foreground under our very noses was a small enclosed yard in which stood the car which had brought us from the station. An ejaculation from Challenger caused us to turn. He had read his telegrams and had arranged them in a little methodical pile upon his desk. His broad, rugged face, or as much of it as was visible over the matted beard was still deeply flushed and he seemed to be under the influence of some strong excitement. Well, gentlemen, he said, in a voice as if he were addressing a public meeting, this is indeed an interesting reunion and it takes place under extraordinary, I may say, unprecedented circumstances. May I ask if you observed anything upon your journey from town? The only thing which I observed, said summerly with a sour smile, was that our young friend here has not improved in his manners during the years that have passed. I am sorry to state that I have had to seriously complain of his conduct in the train and I should be wanting in frightness if I did not say that has left a most unpleasant impression in my mind. Well, well, we all get a bit prosy sometimes, said Lord John. The young fella meant no real harm. After all, he's an international so if he takes a half an hour to describe a game of football he has more right to do it than most folk. Half an hour to describe a game, I cried indignantly, why it was you that took half an hour with some long-winded story about a buffalo, Professor Somerly will be my witness. I can hardly judge which of you was the most utterly wearisome, said Somerly. I declare to you, challenger, that I never wish to hear a football or a buffalo so long as I live. I have never said one word today about football, I protested. Lord John gave a shrill whistle and Somerly shook his head sadly. So early in the day, too, said he, it is indeed deplorable as I sat there in sad but thoughtful silence. In silence, cried Lord John, why you were doing a music hall turn of imitations all the way, more like a runaway gramophone than a man. Somerly drew himself up in bitter protest. You are pleased to be facetious, Lord John, said he with a face of vinegar. Why dash it all, this is clear madness, cried Lord John. Each of us seems to know what the others did and none of us knows what he did himself. Let's put it all together from the first. We got into a first-class smoker, that's clear, ain't it? Then we began to quarrel over friend Challenger's letter in the tines. Oh, you did, did you? Rumbled our host as Ilid's beginning to droop. You said, Somerly, that there was no possible truth in his contention. Dear me, said challenger, puffing out his chest and stroking his beard, no possible truth. I seem to have heard the words before. And may I ask with what arguments the great and famous Professor Somerly proceeded to demolish the humble individual who had ventured to express an opinion upon a matter of scientific possibility. Perhaps before he exterminates that unfortunate non-entity, he will condescend to give some reasons for the adverse views which he has formed. He bowed and shrugged and spread open his hands as he spoke with his elaborate and elephantine sarcasm. The reason was simple enough, said the dogged Somerly. I contended that if the ether surrounding the earth was so toxic in one quarter that it produced dangerous symptoms, it was hardly likely that we three of the railway carriage should be entirely unaffected. The explanation only brought up rorious merriment from challenger. He laughed until everything in the room seemed to rattle and quiver. Our worthy Somerly is, not for the first time, somewhat out of touch with the facts of the situation. Said he at last, mopping his heated brow. Now, gentlemen, I cannot make my point better than by detailing to you what I have myself done this morning. You will the more easily condone any metal aberration upon your own part when you realize that even I have had moments when my balance has been disturbed. We have had for some years in this household a housekeeper, one Sarah, with whose second name I have never attempted to burden my memory. She is a woman of a severe and forbidding aspect, prim and demure and her bearing, very impassive in her nature, and never known within our experience to show signs of any emotion. As I sat alone at my breakfast, Mrs. Challenger is in the habit of keeping her room up a morning. It suddenly entered my head that it would be entertaining and instructive to see whether I could find any limits to this woman's impeturbability. I devised a simple but effective experiment. Having upset a small vase of flowers which stood in the center of the cloth, I rang the bell and slipped under the table. She entered, and seeing the room empty, imagined that I had withdrawn to the study. As I had expected, she approached and leaned over the table to replace the vase. I had a vision of a cotton stocking and an elastic-sided boot. Pertruding my head, I sank my teeth into the calf of her leg. The experiment was successful beyond belief. For some moment she stood paralyzed, staring down at my head. Then, with a shriek, she tore herself free and rushed from the room. I pursued her with some thoughts of an explanation. But she flew down the drive, and some minutes afterwards I was able to pick her out with my field glasses, traveling very rapidly in a southwesternly direction. I tell you the anecdote for what it is worth. I drop it into your brains and await its germination. Is it illuminative? Has it conveyed anything to your minds? What do you think of it, Lord John? Lord John shook his head gravely. You'll be getting into serious trouble some of these days if you don't put a break on, said he. Perhaps you have some observation to make, summerly. You should drop all work instantly, challenger, and take three months in a German watering place, said he. Profound, profound, cried challenger. Now, my young friend, is it possible that wisdom may come from you where your seniors have so signally failed? And it did. I say it with all modesty, but it did. Of course it all seems obvious enough to you who know what occurred, but it was not so very clear when everything was new. But it came upon me suddenly with a full force of absolute conviction. Poison! I cried. Then, even as I said the word, my mind flashed back over the whole morning's experiences, past Lord John with his buffalo, past my own hysterical tears, past the outrageous conduct of Professor Summerly, to the queer happenings in London, the row in the park, the driving of the chauffeur, the quarrel at the oxygen warehouse, everything fitted suddenly into its place. Of course, I cried again. It is poison, we are all poisoned. Exactly, said challenger, rubbing his hands. We are all poisoned. Our planet has swum into the poison belt of ether and is now flying deeper into it at the rate of some millions of miles a minute. Our young friend has expressed the cause of all our troubles and perplexities in a single word, poison. We looked at each other in amazed silence. No comments seemed to meet the situation. There is a mental inhibition by which such symptoms can be checked and controlled, said challenger. I cannot expect to find it developed in all of you to the same point which it has reached in me, for I suppose that the strength of our different mental processes bears some proportion to each other. But no doubt it is appreciable even in our young friend here. After the little outburst of high spirits, which so alarmed my domestic, I sat down and reasoned with myself. I put it to myself that I had never before felt impelled to bite any of my household. The impulse had then been an abnormal one. In an instant I perceived the truth. My pulse upon examination was 10 beats above the usual and my reflexes were increased. I called upon my higher and saner self, the real G.E.C., seated serene and impregnable behind all mere molecular disturbance. I summoned him, I say, to watch the foolish mental tricks which the poison would play. I found that I was indeed the master. I could recognize and control a disordered mind. It was a remarkable exhibition of the victory of mind over matter, for it was a victory over that particular form of matter which is most intimately connected with mind. I might almost say that mind was at fault and that personality controlled it. Thus, when my wife came downstairs and I was impelled to slip behind the door and alarm her by some wild cry as she entered, I was able to stifle the impulse and to greet her with dignity and restraint. An overpowering desire to quack like a duck was met and mastered in the same fashion. Later, when I descended to order the car and found Austin bending over it absorbed in repairs, I controlled my open hand even after I had lifted it and refrained from giving him an experience which would possibly have caused him to follow in the steps of the housekeeper. On the contrary, I touched him on the shoulder and ordered the car to be at the door in time to meet your train. At the present instant I am most forcibly tempted to take Professor Somerly by that silly old beard of his and to shake his head violently backwards and forwards. And yet, as you see, I am perfectly restrained. Let me commend my example to you. I'll look out for that buffalo, said Lord John. And I for the football match. It may be that you are right, challenger, said Somerly in a chastened voice. I am willing to admit that my turn of mind is critical rather than constructive and that I am not a ready convert to any new theory, especially when it happens to be so unusual and fantastic as this one. However, as I cast my mind back over the events of the morning and as I reconsider the fatuous conduct of my companions, I find it easy to believe that some poison of an exciting kind was responsible for their symptoms. Challenger slapped his colleague good-humoredly upon the shoulder. We progress, said he, decidedly we progress. And pray, sir, asked Somerly humbly, what is your opinion as to the present outlook? With your permission I will say a few words upon that subject. He seated himself upon his desk, his short, stumpy leg swinging in front of him. We are assisting at a tremendous and awful function. It is, in my opinion, the end of the world. The end of the world! Our eyes turned to the great bow window and we looked out at the summer beauty of the countryside, the long slopes of heather, the great country houses, the cozy farms, the pleasure-seekers upon the links. The end of the world! One had often heard the words, but the idea that they could ever have an immediate practical significance, that it should not be at some vague date, but now, today, that was a tremendous, a staggering thought. We were all struck solemn and waited in silence for Challenger to continue. His overpowering presence and appearance lent such force to the solemnity of his words that, for a moment, all the crudities and absurdities of the man vanished, and he loomed before us as something majestic and beyond the range of ordinary humanity. Then, to me, at least, there came back the cheering recollection of how, twice, since we had entered the room he had roared with laughter. Surely, I thought, there are limits to metal detachment. The crisis cannot be so great or so pressing after all. You will conceive a bunch of grapes, said he, which are covered by some infinitesimal but noxious basilis. The gardener passes it through a disaffecting medium. It may be that he desires his grapes to be cleaner. It may be that he needs space to breed some fresh basilis less noxious than the last. He dips it into the poison and they are gone. Our gardener is, in my opinion, about to dip the solar system and the human basilis, the little mortal vibrio which twisted and wriggled upon the outer rind of the earth, will in an instant be sterilized out of existence. Again there was silence. It was broken by the high trill of the telephone bell. There is one of our basilis squeaking for help, said he with a grim smile. They are beginning to realize that their continued existence is not really one of the necessities of the universe. He was gone from the room for a minute or two. I remember that none of us spoke in his absence. The situation seemed beyond all words or comments. The medical officer of health for Brighton, said he when he returned, the symptoms are for some reason developing more rapidly upon the sea level. Our 700 feet of elevation give us an advantage. Folks seem to have learned that I am the first authority upon the question. No doubt it comes from my letter in the times. That was the mayor of a provincial town with whom I talked when we first arrived. You may have heard me upon the telephone. He seemed to put an entirely inflated value upon his own life. I helped him to readjust his ideas. Summerly had risen and was standing by the window. His thin, bony hands were trembling with his emotion. Challenger, said he earnestly, this thing is too serious for mere futile argument. Do not suppose that I desire to irritate you by any question I may ask, but I put it to you whether there may not be some fallacy in your information or in your reasoning. There is the sun shining as brightly as ever in the blue sky. There are the heather and the flowers and the birds. There are the folk enjoying themselves upon the golf links and the laborers yonder cutting the corn. You tell us that they and we may be on the very brink of destruction, that this sunlit day may be that day of doom which the human race has so long awaited. So far as we know, you found this tremendous judgment upon what? Upon some abnormal lines in a spectrum, upon rumors from Sumatra, upon some curious personal excitement which we have discerned in each other. This latter symptom is not so marked but that you and we could by a deliberate effort control it. You need not stand on ceremony with us, Challenger. We have all faced death together before now. Speak out and let us know exactly where we stand and what in your opinion are our prospects for our future. It was a brave, good speech, a speech from that staunch and strong spirit which lay behind all the acidities and angularities of the old zoologist. Lord John rose and shook him by the hand. My sentiment to a tick, said he, Now, Challenger, it's up to you to tell us where we are. We ain't nervous folk as you know well, but when it comes to making a weekend visit and finding you've run full butt into the day of judgment, it wants a bit of explaining. What's the danger and how much of it is there and what are we going to do to meet it? He stood tall and strong in the sunshine at the window with his brown hand upon the shoulder of summerly. I was lying back in an armchair and extinguished cigarette between my lips in that sort of half-days state in which impressions become exceedingly distinct. It may have been a new phase of the poisoning, but the delirious promptings had all passed away and were succeeded by an exceedingly languid and, at the same time, perceptive state of mind. I was a spectator. It did not seem to be any personal concern of mine, but here were three strong men and a great crisis, and it was fascinating to observe them. Challenger bent his heavy brows and stroked his beard before he answered. One could see that he was very carefully weighing his words. What was the last news when you left London? He asked. I was at the Gazette office about 10, said I. There was a Reuter just come in from Singapore to the effect that the sickness seemed to be universal in Sumatra and that the lighthouses had not been lit in consequence. They then said they were moving somewhat rapidly since then, said Challenger, picking up his pile of telegrams. I am in close touch both with the authorities and with the press, so that news is converging upon me from all parts. There is, in fact, a general and very insistent demand that I should come to London. But I see no good end to be served. From the accounts the poisonous effect begins with mental excitement. The rioting in Paris this morning is said to have been very violent and the Welsh colliers are in a state of uproar. So far as the evidence to hand can be trusted, this stimulative stage, which varies much in races and in individuals, is succeeded by a certain exaltation and mental lucidity. I seem to discern some signs of it at our young friend here, which, after an appreciable interval, turns to coma, deepening rapidly into death. I fancy, so far as my toxicology carries me, that there are some vegetable nerve poisons. That too, eh? Suggested summarily. Excellent! cried Challenger. I would make for scientific precision if we named our toxic agent. Let it be Dachuran. To you, my dear, summarily, belongs the honour, posthumous salace, but nonetheless unique, of having given a name to the universal destroyer, the great gardener's disinfectant. The symptoms of Dachuran, then, may be taken to be such as I indicate that it will involve the whole world and that no life can possibly remain behind, seems to me, to be certain, since ether is a universal medium. Up to now it has been capricious in the places where it is attacked, but the difference is only a matter of a few hours, and it is like an advancing tide which covers one strip of sand and then another, running hither and thither in irregular streams, until at last it has submerged it all. There are laws at work in connection with the action and distribution of Dachuran, which would have been of deep interest had the time at our disposal permitted us to study them. So far as I can trace them, here he glanced over his telegrams. The less developed races have been the first to respond to its influence. There are deplorable accounts from Africa, and the Australian Aborigines appear to have been already exterminated. The northern races have as yet shown greater resisting power than the southern. This, you see, is dated from Marseille at 9.45 this morning. I'd give it to you verbatim. All night delirious excitement throughout Provence, too mulled to fine growers at Nîmes, socialistic upheaval at Toulon, sudden illness attended by Coma, a tax population this morning, Pes Foudrean, great numbers of dead in the streets, paralysis of business and universal chaos. An hour later came the following from the same source. We are threatened with utter extermination, cathedrals and churches full to overflowing. The dead outnumber the living. It is inconceivable and horrible. Decease seems to be painless, but swift and inevitable. There is a similar telegram from Paris where the development is not yet as acute. India and Persia appear to be utterly wiped out. The Slavonic population of Austria is down, while the Teutonic has hardly been affected. Speaking generally, this dwellers upon the plains and upon the seashore seem, so far as my limited information goes, to have felt the effects more rapidly than those inland or on the heights. Even a little elevation makes a considerable difference, and perhaps if there be a survivor of the human race, he will again be found upon the summit of some Ararat. Even our own little hill may presently prove to be a temporary island amid a sea of disaster. But at the present rate of advance, a few shorthowers will submerge us all. Lord John Roxton wiped his brow. What beats me, said he, is how you could sit there laughing with that stack of telegrams under your hand. I've seen death as often as most folk, but universal death. It's awful. Has to the laughter, said Challenger. You will bear in mind that, like yourselves, I have not been exempt from the stimulating cerebral effects of the etheric poison. But as to the horror with which universal death appears to inspire you, I would put it to you that it is somewhat exaggerated. If you were sent to sea alone in an open boat to some unknown destination, your heart might well sink within you. The isolation, the uncertainty would oppress you. But if your voyage were made in a goodly ship, which bore within it all your relations and your friends, you would feel that, however uncertain your destination might still remain, you would at least have one common simultaneous experience, which would hold you to the end in the same close communion. A lonely death may be terrible, but a universal one, as painless as this would appear to be, is not, in my judgment, a matter for apprehension. Indeed, I could sympathize with the person who took the view that the horror lay in the idea of surviving when all that is learned, famous, and exalted had passed away. What then do you propose to do, as summerly, who had for once nodded his assent to the reasoning of his brother's scientist? To take our lunch, said Challenger, as the boom of a gong sounded through the house. We have a cook whose omelets are only excellent by her cutlets. We can but trust that no cosmic disturbance has dulled her excellent abilities. My Schwartzberger of ninety-six must also be rescued, so far as our earnest and united efforts can do it, from what would be a deplorable waste of a great vintage. He levered his great bulk off the desk, upon which he had sat while he announced the doom of the planet. Come, said he, if there is little time left, there is the more need that we should spend it in sober and reasonable enjoyment. And indeed it proved to be a very merry meal. It is true that we could not forget our awful situation. The full solemnity of the event loomed ever at the back of our minds and tempered our thoughts. But surely it is the soul which has never faced death which shies strongly from it at the end, to each of us men it had, for one great epic in our lives, been a familiar presence. As to the lady, she leaned upon the strong guidance of her mighty husband, and was well content to go with her his path might lead. The future was our fate. The present was our own. We passed it in goodly comradeship in gentle merriment. Our minds were, as I have said, singularly lucid. Even I struck sparks at times. As to Challenger, he was wonderful. Never have I so realized the elemental greatness of the man, the sweep and power of his understanding. Summerly drew him on with his chorus of sub-acid criticism, while Lord John and I laughed at the contest and the lady, her hand upon his sleeve, controlled the bellowings of the philosopher. Life, death, fate, the destiny of man. These were the stupendous subjects of that memorable hour, made vital by the fact that as the meal progressed strange, sudden exultations in my mind, and tinglings in my limbs proclaimed that the invisible tide of death was slowly and gently rising around us. Once I saw Lord John put his hand suddenly to his eyes, and once Summerly dropped back for an instant in his chair. Each breath we breathed was charged with strange forces, and yet our minds were happy and at ease. Presently Austin laid the cigarettes upon the table and was about to withdraw. Austin, said his master, Yes, sir. I thank you for your faithful service. A smile stole over the servant's gnarled face. I've done my duty, sir. I'm expecting the end of the world today, Austin. Yes, sir, what time, sir? I can't say, Austin, before evening. Very good, sir. The taciturn Austin saluted and withdrew, challenged her lit a cigarette and, drawing his chair closer to his wife's, he took her hand in his. You know how matters stand, dear, said he. I've explained it also to our friends here. You're not afraid, are you? It won't be painful, George. No more than laughing gas at the dentists. Every time you have had it, you have practically died. But that is a pleasant sensation. So may death be. The worn-out bodily machine can't record its impression, but we know the mental pleasure which lies in a dream or a trance. Nature may build a beautiful door and hang it with many a gauzy and shimmering curtain to make an entrance to the new life for our wandering souls. In all my probings of the actual, I have always found wisdom and kindness at the core. And if ever the frightened mortal needs tenderness, it is surely as he makes the passage perilous from life to life. No, summerly, I will have none of your materialism, for I, at least, am too great a thing to end in mere physical constituents, a packet of salts and three bucketfuls of water. Here, here, and he beat his great head with his huge hairy fist, there is something which uses matter, but is not of it, something which might destroy death, but which death can never destroy. Talking of death, said Lord John, I'm a Christian of sorts, but it seems to me there was something mighty natural in those ancestors of ours who were buried with their axes and bows and arrows and the like, same as if they were living on just the way as they had used to. I don't know, he added, looking round the table in a shame-faced way, that I wouldn't feel more homely myself if I was put away with my old 450 express and the Fallon piece, the shorter one with a rubbered stock and a clip or two of cartridges. Just a fool's fancy, of course, but there it is. How does it strike you, Herr Professor? Well, said Summerly, since you ask my opinion, it strikes me as an indefensible throwback to the Stone Age or before it. I am of the 20th century myself and would wish to die like a reasonable civilized man. I don't know that I am more afraid of death than the rest of you, for I am an oldish man and come what may, I can't have very much longer to live, but it is all against my nature to sit waiting without a struggle, like a sheep for the butcher. It is quite certain, Challenger, that there is nothing we can do to save us, nothing, said Challenger, to prolong our lives a few hours and thus to see the evolution of this mighty tragedy before we are actually involved in it. That may prove to be within my powers. I have taken certain steps. The oxygen? Exactly, the oxygen. But what can oxygen effect in the face of a poisoning of the ether? There is not a greater difference in quality between a brick bat and a gas than there is between oxygen and ether. They are different planes of matter. They cannot hinge upon one another. Come, Challenger, you could not defend such a proposition. My good summerly, this etheric poison is most certainly influenced by material agents. We see it in the methods and distribution of the outbreak. We should not a priori have expected it, but it is undoubtedly a fact. Hence I am strongly of opinion that a gas like oxygen, which increases the vitality and the resisting power of the body, would be extremely likely to delay the action of what you have so happily named the Daturon. It may be that I am mistaken, but I have every confidence in the correctness of my reasoning. Well, said Lord John, if you've got to sit suckin' at those tubes like so many babies with their puddles, I'm not takin' any. There will be no need for that. Challenger answered, We have made arrangements. It is to my wife that you chiefly owe it, that her boudoir shall be made as airtight as is practicable, with matting and varnish paper. Good heavens, Challenger, you don't suppose you can keep out ether with varnish paper? Really, my worthy friend, you are a trifle perverse in missing the point. It is not to keep out the ether that we have gone to such trouble. It is to keep in the oxygen. I trust that if we can ensure an atmosphere hyper-oxygenated to a certain point, we may be able to retain our senses. I had two tubes of the gas and you have brought me three more. It is not much, but it is something. How long with they last? I have not an idea. We will not turn them on until our symptoms become unbearable. Then we shall dull the gas out as it is urgently needed. It may give us some hours, possibly even some days, on which we may look out upon a blasted world. Our own fate is delayed to that extent and we will have the very singular experience, we five, of being in all probability, the absolute rear guard of the human race upon its march into the unknown. Perhaps you will be kind enough now to give me a hand with the cylinders. It seems to me that the atmosphere already grows somewhat more oppressive. End of chapter. Chapter three of The Poison Belt. This lever box recording is in the public domain. The Poison Belt by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, chapter three, entitled Submerged. The chamber which was destined to be the scene of our unforgettable experience was a charmingly feminine sitting room, some 14 or 16 feet square. At the end of it, divided by a curtain of red velvet, was a small apartment which formed the professor's dressing room. This in turn opened into a large bedroom. The curtain was still hanging, but the boudoir and dressing room could be taken as one chamber for the purposes of our experiment. One door and the window frame had been plastered round with varnish paper, so as to be practically sealed. Above the other door, which opened on to the landing, there hung a fan light which could be drawn by a cord when some ventilation became absolutely necessary. A large shrub in a tub stood in each corner. How to get rid of our excessive carbon dioxide without unduly wasting our oxygen is a delicate and vital question. Said Challenger, looking round him after the five iron tubes had been laid side by side against the wall. With longer time for preparation I could have brought the whole concentrated force of my intelligence to bear more fully upon the problem, but as it is we must do what we can. The shrubs will be of some small service. Two of the oxygen tubes are ready to be turned on at an instant's notice so that we cannot be taken unawares. At the same time it would be well not to go far from the room as the crisis may be a sudden and urgent one. There was a broad low window opening out upon a balcony. The view beyond was the same as that which we had already admired from the study. Looking out I could see no sign of disorder anywhere. There was a road curving down the side of the hill under my very eyes. A cab from the station, one of those prehistoric survivals which are only to be found in our country villages, was toiling slowly up the hill. Lower down was a nurse girl wheeling a perambulator and leading a second child by the hand. The blue reeks of smoke from the cottages gave the whole widespread landscape an air of settled order and homely comfort. Nowhere in the blue heaven or on the sunlit earth was there any foreshadowing of a catastrophe. The harvesters were back in the fields once more and the golfers in pairs and fours were still streaming round the links. There was so strange a turmoil within my own head and such a jangling of my over-strung nerves that the indifference of those people was amazing. Those fellows don't seem to feel any ill effects, said I pointing down at the links. Have you played golf? Asked Lord John. No, I have not. Well, young fella, when you do you'll learn that once fairly out on a round it would take the crack of doom to stop a true golfer. Hello, there's that telephone bell again. From time to time during and after lunch the high insistent ring had summoned the professor. He gave us the news as it came through to him in a few curt sentences. Such terrific items had never been registered in the world's history before. The great shadow was creeping up from the south like a rising tide of death. Egypt had gone through its delirium and was now comatose. Spain and Portugal after a wild frenzy in which the clericals and the anarchists had fought most desperately were now fallen silent. No cable messages were received any longer from South America. In North America the southern states after some terrible racial rioting had succumbed to the poison. North of Maryland the effect was not yet marked and in Canada it was hardly perceptible. Belgium, Holland, and Denmark had each in turn been affected. Despairing messages were flashing from every quarter to the great centers of learning to the chemists and the doctors of worldwide repute imploring their advice. The astronomers too were deluged with inquiries. Nothing could be done. The thing was universal and beyond our human knowledge or control. It was death. Painless but inevitable. Death for young and old, for weak and strong, for rich and poor, without hope or possibility of escape. Such was the news which in scattered distracted messages the telephone had brought us. The great cities already knew their fate and so far as we could gather we're preparing to meet it with dignity and resignation. Yet here were our golfers and laborers like the lambs who gamble under the shadow of the knife. It seemed amazing. And yet how could they know? It had all come upon us in one giant stride. What was there in the morning paper to alarm them? And now it was but three in the afternoon. Even as we looked some rumors seemed to have spread for we saw the reapers hurrying from the fields. Some of the golfers were returning to the clubhouse. They were running as if taking refuge from a shower. The little caddies trailed behind them. Others were continuing their game. The nurse had turned and was pushing her perambulator hurriedly up the hill again. I noticed that she had her hand to her brow. The cab had stopped and the tired horse with his head sunk to his knees was resting. Above there was a perfect summer sky, one huge vault of unbroken blue, save for a few fleecy white clouds over the distant downs. If the human race must die today it was at least upon a glorious deathbed. And yet all that gentle loveliness of nature made this terrific and wholesale destruction the more pityable and awful. Surely it was too goodly a residence that we should be so swiftly, so ruthlessly evicted from it. But I have said that the telephone bell had rung once more. Suddenly I heard Challenger's tremendous voice from the hall. Malone, he cried, you are wanted. I rushed down to the instrument. It was McArdle speaking from London. That you, Mr. Malone, cried his familiar voice. Mr. Malone, there are terrible goings on in London. For God's sake, see if Professor Challenger can suggest anything that can be done. He can suggest nothing, sir, I answered. He regards the crisis as universal and inevitable. We have some oxygen here, but it can only defer our fate for a few hours. Oxygen, cried the agonized voice. There is no time to get any. The office has been a perfect pandemonium ever since you left in the morning. Now half of the staff are insensible. I am weighed down with heaviness myself. From my window I can see the people lying thick in Fleet Street. The traffic is all held up, judging by the last telegrams, the whole world. His voice had been sinking and suddenly stopped. An instant later I heard through the telephone a muffled thud as if his head had fallen forward on the desk. Mr. McArdle, I cried. Mr. McArdle! There was no answer. I knew as I replaced the receiver that I should never hear his voice again. At that instant, just as I took a step backwards from the telephone, the thing was on us. It was as if we were bathers up to our shoulders in water who suddenly are submerged by a rolling wave. An invisible hand seemed to have quietly closed round my throat and to be gently pressing the life from me. I was conscious of immense suppression upon my chest, great tightness within my head, a loud singing in my ears, and bright flashes before my eyes. I staggered to the balustrades of the stair. At the same moment, rushing and snorting like a wounded buffalo, Challenger dashed past me a terrible vision with red purple face and gorge dyes and bristling hair. His little wife, insensible to all appearance, was slung over his great shoulder and he blundered and thundered up the stair, scrambling and tripping, but carrying himself and her through sheer will-force through that nephitic atmosphere to the haven of temporary safety. At the side of his effort, I too rushed up the steps, clambering, falling, clutching at the rail, until I tumbled half-senseless upon my face on the upper landing. Lord John's fingers of steel were in the collar of my coat and a moment later I was stretched upon my back, unable to speak or move on the Boudoir carpet. The woman lay beside me and summerly was bunched in a chair by the window, his head nearly touching his knees. As in a dream I saw Challenger, like a monstrous beetle, crawling slowly across the floor and a moment later I heard the gentle hissing of the escaping oxygen. Challenger breathed two or three times with enormous gulps, his lungs roaring as he drew in the vital gas. It works, he cried exultingly. My reasoning has been justified. He was up on his feet again, alert and strong. With a tube in his hand he rushed over to his wife and held it to her face. In a few seconds she moaned, stirred and sat up. He turned to me and I felt the tide of life stealing warmly through my arteries. My reason told me that it was but a little respite, and yet, carelessly as we talk of its value, every hour of existence now seemed an inestimable thing. Never have I known such a thrill of sensuous joy as came with that freshet of life. The weight fell away from my lungs, the band loosened from my brow, a sweet feeling of peace and gentle languid comfort stole over me. I lay watching summerly revive under the same remedy, and finally Lord John took his turn. He sprang to his feet and gave me a hand to rise while Challenger picked up his wife and laid her on the settee. Oh, George, I am so sorry you brought me back. She said, holding him by the hand. The door of death is indeed, as you said, hung with beautiful shimmering curtains. For once the choking feeling had passed it was all unspeakably soothing and beautiful. Why have you dragged me back? Because I wish that we make the passage together. We've been together so many years. It would be sad to fall apart at the supreme moment. For a moment in his tender voice I caught a glimpse of a new Challenger, something very far from the bullying, ranting, arrogant man who had alternately amazed and offended his generation. Here in the shadow of death was the innermost Challenger, the man who had won and held a woman's love. Suddenly his mood changed and he was our strong captain once again. Alone of all mankind I saw and foretold this catastrophe, said he with a ring of exultation and scientific triumph in his voice. As to you, my good summerly, I trust your last doubts have been resolved as to the meaning of the blurring of the lines in the spectrum and that you will no longer contend that my letter in the Times was based upon a delusion. For once our pugnacious colleague was deaf to a challenge. He could but sit gasping and stretching his long, thin limbs, as if to assure himself that he was still really upon this planet. Challenger walked across to the oxygen tube and the sound of the loud hissing fell away till it was the most gentle simulation. We must husband our supply of the gas, said he. The atmosphere of the room is now strongly hyper-oxygenated and I take it that none of us feel any distressing symptoms. We can only determine by actual experiments what amount added to the air will serve to neutralize the poison. Let us see how that will do. We sat in silent, nervous tension for five minutes or more, observing our own sensations. I had just begun to fancy that I felt the constriction round my temples again when Mrs. Challenger called out from the sofa that she was fainting. Her husband turned on more gas. In pre-scientific days, said he, they used to keep a white mouse in every submarine as its more delicate organization gave signs of a vicious atmosphere before it was perceived by the sailors. You, my dear, will be our white mouse. I have now increased the supply and you are better. Yes, I am better. Possibly we have hit upon the correct mixture. When we have ascertained exactly how little will serve, we shall be able to compute how long we shall be able to exist. Unfortunately, in resuscitating ourselves, we have already consumed a considerable proportion of this first tube. Does it matter? Asked Lord John, who was standing with his hands in his pockets up close to the window. If we have to go, what is the use of holding on? You don't suppose there's any chance for us? Challenger smiled and shook his head. Well then, don't you think there is more dignity in taking the jump and not waiting to be pushed in? If it must be so, I'm for saying our prayers, turning off the gas and opening the window. Why not? said the lady bravely. Surely, George, Lord John is right, and it is better so. I most strongly object, cried summerly in a quarellous voice, when we must die, let us by all means die, but to deliberately anticipate death seems to me to be a foolish and unjustifiable action. What does our young friend say to it? Asked Challenger, I think we should see it to the end. And I am strongly of the same opinion, said he. Then, George, if you say so, I think so too, cried the lady. Well, well, I'm only a-puttin' it as an argument, said Lord John. If you all want to see it through, I am with you. It's deucid, interesting, and no mistake about that. I've had my share of adventures in my life, and as many thrills as most folk, but I'm ended on my top note. Granting the continuity of life, said Challenger, a large assumption, cried summerly. Challenger stared at him in silent reproof. Granting the continuity of life, said he in his most didactic manner, none of us can predicate what opportunities of observation one may have from what we may call the spirit plane to the plane of matter. It surely must be evident to the most obtuse person, here he glared at summerly, that it is while we are ourselves material that we are most fitted to watch and form a judgment upon material phenomena. Therefore it is only by keeping alive for these few extra hours that we can hope to carry on with us to some future existence, a clear conception of the most stupendous event that the world, or the universe so far as we know it, has ever encountered. To me it would seem a deplorable thing that we should in any way curtail by so much as a minute, so wonderful an experience. I am strongly of the same opinion, cried summerly. Carried without a division, said Lord John, by George that poor devil of a chauffeur of yours down in the yard has made his last journey. No use making a sally and bringing him in. It would be absolute madness, cried summerly. Well, I suppose it would, said Lord John. It couldn't help him and would scatter our gas all over the house, even if we ever got back alive. My word, look at the little birds under the trees. We drew four chairs up to the long low window, the lady still resting with closed eyes upon the satis. I remember that the monstrous and grotesque idea crossed my mind. The illusion may have been heightened by the heavy stuffiness of the air which we were breathing, that we were in four front seats of the stalls at the last act of the drama of the world. In the immediate foreground, beneath our very eyes, was the small yard with the half-cleaned motor-car standing in it. Austin, the chauffeur, had received his final notice at last, for he was sprawling beside the wheel with a great black bruise upon his forehead where he had struck the step or mudguard in falling. He still held in his hand the nozzle of the hose with which he had been washing down his machine. A couple of small plain trees stood in a corner of the yard and underneath them lay several pathetic little balls of fluffy feathers with tiny feet uplifted. The sweep of death's scythe had included everything, great and small, within its swath. Over the wall of the yard we looked down upon the winding road which led to the station. A group of the reapers whom we had seen running from the fields were lying all pale-mell, their bodies crossing each other, at the bottom of it. Farther up, the nurse girl lay with her head and shoulders propped against the slope of the grassy bank. She had taken the baby from the parabulator and it was a motionless bundle of wraps in her arms. Close behind her a tiny patch upon the roadside showed where the little boy was stretched. Still nearer to us was the dead cab horse kneeling between the shafts. The old driver was hanging over the splash board like some grotesque scarecrow, his arms dangling absurdly in front of him. Through the window we could dimly discern that a young man was seated inside. The door was swinging open, and his hand was grasping the handle as if he had attempted to leap forth at the last instant. In the middle distance lay the golf links, dotted as they had been in the morning with the dark figures of the golfers, lying motionless upon the grass of the course or among the heather which skirted it. On one particular green there were eight bodies stretched where a foursome with its caddies had held to their game to the last. No bird flew in the blue vault of heaven. No man or beast moved upon the vast countryside which lay before us. The evening sun shone its peaceful radiance across it, but there brooded over it all the stillness and the silence of universal death, a death in which we were so soon to join. At the present instant that one frail sheet of glass by holding in the extra oxygen which counteracted the poisoned ether shut us off from the fate of all our kind. For a few short hours the knowledge and foresight of one man could preserve our little oasis of life in the vast desert of death and save us from participation in the common catastrophe. Then the gas would run low. We too should lie gasping upon that cherry-colored boudoir carpet and the fate of the human race and of all earthly life would be complete. For a long time in a mood which was too solemn for speech, we looked out at the tragic world. There is a house on fire, said Challenger at last, pointing to a column of smoke which rose above the trees. There will, I expect, be many such, possibly whole cities in flames when we consider how many folk may have dropped with lights in their hands. The fact of combustion is in itself enough to show that the proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere is normal and that it is the ether which is at fault. Ah, there you see another blaze on the top of Crowborough Hill. It is the golf clubhouse, or I'm mistaken. There is the church clock chiming the hour. It would interest our philosophers to know that man-made mechanisms have survived the race who made it. By George, cried Lord John, rising it sightedly from his chair, what's that puff of smoke? It's a train. We heard the roar of it and presently it came flying into sight, going at what seemed to me to be a prodigious speed. Whence it had come or how far we had no means of knowing. Only by some miracle of luck could it have gone any distance. But now we were to see the terrific end of its career. A train of coal trucks stood motionless upon the line. We held our breath as the express roared along the same track. The crash was horrible. Engine and carriages piled themselves into a hill of splintered wood and twisted iron. Red spurts of flame flickered up from the wreckage until it was all a blaze. For half an hour we sat with hardly a word, stunned by the stupendous sight. Poor, poor people! Cried Mrs. Challenger at last, clinging with a whimper to her husband's arm. My dear, the passengers on that train were no more animate than the coals into which they crashed or the carbon which they have now become, said Challenger, stroking her hand soothingly. It was a train of the living when it left Victoria, but it was driven infrated by the dead long before it reached its fate. All over the world the same thing must be going on, said I as a vision of strange happenings rose before me. Think of the ships at sea, how they will steam on and on until the furnaces die down or until they run full tilt upon some beach. The sailing ships too, how they will back and fill with their cargoes of dead sailors while their timbers rot in their joints leak till one by one they sink below the surface. Perhaps a century hence the Atlantic may still be dotted with the old drifting derelicts. Add the folk and the coal mines, said summerly with a dismal chuckle. If ever geologists should by any chance live upon earth again they will have some strange theories of the existence of man in carboniferous strata. I don't profess to know about such things, remarked Lord John, but it seems to me the earth will be too let, empty, after this, when once our human crowd is wiped off it, how will it ever get on again? The world was empty before, challenger answered gravely. Under laws which in their inception are beyond and above us, it became peopled. Why may the same process not happen again? My dear challenger, you can't mean that? I am not in the habit, Professor Summerly, of saying things which I do not mean. The observation is trivial. Out went the beard and down came the eyelids. Well, you have lived an obstinate dogmatist and you mean to die one, said Summerly sourly. And you, sir, have lived an unimaginative obstructionist and never can hope now to emerge from it. Your worse critics will never accuse you of lacking imagination, Summerly retorted. Upon my word, said Lord John, it would be like you if you used up our last gasp of oxygen in abusing each other. What can it matter whether folk come back or not? It surely won't be in our time. In that remark, sir, you betray your own very pronounced limitations, said challenger severely. The true scientific mind is not to be tied down by its own conditions of time and space. It builds itself an observatory erected upon the borderline of present, which separates the infinite past from the infinite future. From this sure post it makes its salleys even to the beginning and to the end of all things. As to death, the scientific mind dies at its post, working in normal and methodic fashion to the end. It disregards so petty a thing as its own physical dissolution, as completely as it does all other limitations upon the plane of matter. Am I right, Professor Summerly? Summerly grumbled an ungracious assent. With certain reservations, I agree, said he. The ideal scientific mind, continued challenger, I put it in the third person rather than appear to be too self-complacent. The ideal scientific mind should be capable of thinking out a point of abstract knowledge in the interval between its owner falling from a balloon and reaching the earth. Men of this strong fiber are needed to form the conquerors of nature and the bodyguard of truth. It strikes me, nature's on top this time, said Lord John, looking out of the window. I've read some leading articles about you gentlemen controlling her, but she's getting a bit of her own back. It is but a temporary setback, said challenger with conviction. A few million years, what are they in the great cycle of time? The vegetable world has, as you can see, survived. Look at the leaves of that plane tree. The birds are dead, but the plant flourishes. From this vegetable life in pond and in marsh will come in time the tiny crawling microscopic slugs which are the pioneers of that great army of life in which for the instant we five have the extraordinary duty of serving as rearguard. Once the lowest form of life has established itself, the final advent of man is as certain as the growth of the oak from the acorn. The old circle will swing round once more. But the poison, I asked, will that not nip life in the bud? The poison may be a mere stratum or layer in the ether, a mephitic gulf stream across that mighty ocean in which we float, or tolerance may be established and life accommodate itself to a new condition. The mere fact that with a comparatively small hyperoxygenation of our blood we can hold out against it is surely a proof in itself that no very great change would be needed to enable animal life to endure it. The smoking house beyond the trees had burst into flame. We could see the high tongues of fire shooting up into the air. It's pretty awful. Mother Lord John, more impressed than I had ever seen him. Well, after all, what does it matter? I remarked. The world is dead. Cremation is surely the best burial. It would shorten us up if this house went ablaze. I foresaw the danger, said Challenger, and asked my wife to guard against it. Everything is quite safe, dear, but my head begins to throb again. What a dreadful atmosphere! We must change it, said Challenger. He bent over his cylinder of oxygen. It's nearly empty, said he. It has lasted us some three and a half hours. It is now close on eight o'clock. We shall get through the night comfortably. I should expect the end about nine o'clock tomorrow morning. We shall see one sunrise, which shall be all our own. He turned on his second tube, and opened for half a minute the fan light over the door. Then as the air became perceptibly better, but our own symptoms more acute, he closed it once again. By the way, said he, man does not live upon oxygen alone. It's dinner time and over. I assure you, gentlemen, that when I invited you to my home, and to what I had hoped would be an interesting reunion, I had intended that my kitchen should justify itself. However, we must do what we can. I am sure that you will agree with me that it would be folly to consume our air too rapidly by lighting an oil stove. I have some small provision of cold meats, bread, and pickles, which, with a couple of bottles of claret, may serve our turn. Thank you, my dear. Now, as ever, you are the queen of managers. It was indeed wonderful how, with the self-respect and sense of propriety of the British housekeeper, the lady had within a few minutes adorned the central table with a snow-white cloth, laid the napkins upon it, and set forth the simple meal with all the elegance of civilization, including an electric torch lamp in the center. Wonderful also was it to find that our appetites were ravenous. It is the measure of our emotion, said Challenger with that air of condescension with which he brought his scientific mind to the explanation of humble facts. We have gone through a great crisis. That means molecular disturbance. That, in turn, means the need for repair. Great sorrow or great joy should bring intense hunger, not abstinence from food, as our novelists will have it. That's why the country folk have great feasts at funerals, I hazarded. Exactly. Our young friend has hit upon an excellent illustration. Let me give you another slice of tongue. The same with savages, said Lord John, cutting away at the beef. I've seen them bearing a chief up their Erawimmy River, and they ate a hippo that must have weighed as much as a tribe. There are some of them down New Guinea way that eat the late lamented himself, just by way of a last tidy up. Well, of all the funeral feasts on this earth, I suppose the one we are taken is the queerest. The strange thing is, said Mrs. Challenger, that I find it impossible to feel grief for those who are gone. There are my father and mother at Bedford. I know that they are dead, and yet in this tremendous universal tragedy I can feel no sharp sorrow for any individuals, even for them. And my old mother in her cottage in Ireland, said I, I can see her in my mind's eye with her shawl and her lace cap lying back with closed eyes and the old high-backed chair near the window, her glasses and her book beside her. Why should I mourn her? She has passed, and I am passing, and I may be nearer her in some other life than England is to Ireland. Yet I grieve to think that that dear body is no more. As to the body, remarked Challenger, we do not mourn over the pairings of our nails nor the cut locks of our hair, though they were once part of ourselves. Neither does a one-legged man yearn sentimentally over his missing member. The physical body has rather been a source of pain and fatigue to us. It is the constant index of our limitations. Why then should we worry about its detachment from our psychical selves? If they can indeed be detached, some are grumbled, but anyhow universal death is dreadful. As I have already explained, said Challenger, a universal death must in its nature be far less terrible than an isolated one. Same in a battle, remarked Lord John. If you saw a single man lying on that floor with his chest knocked in, in a hole in his face, it would turn you sick. But I've seen 10,000 on their backs in the Sudan, and it gave me no such feeling. For when you are making history, the life of any man is too small a thing to worry over. When a thousand million pass over together, same has happened today. You can't pick your own particular out of the crowd. I wish it were well over with us, said the lady wistfully. Oh, George, I am so frightened. You'll be the bravest of us all, little lady, when the time comes. I've been a bluster-sold husband to you, dear, but you'll just bear in mind that G.E.C. is as he was made and couldn't help himself. After all, you wouldn't have had anyone else? No one in the whole wide world, dear, said she, and put her arms round his bull-neck. We three walked to the window and stood amazed at the sight which met our eyes. Darkness had fallen and the dead world was shrouded in gloom. But right across the southern horizon was one long vivid scarlet streak, waxing and waning in vivid pulses of life, leaping suddenly to a crimson zenith and then dying down to a glowing line of fire. Loses a blaze. No, it is brightened which is burning, said Challenger, stepping across to join us. You can see the curve back of the downs against the glow. That fire is miles on the farther side of it. The whole town must be a light. There were several red glares at different points and the pile of debris upon the railway line was still smoldering darkly, but they all seemed mere pinpoints of light compared to that monstrous conflagration throbbing beyond the hills. What copy it would have made for the Gazette? Had ever a journalist such an opening and so little chance of using it? The scoop of scoops and no one to appreciate it. And then suddenly the old instinct of recording came over me. If these men of science could be so true to their life's work to the very end, why should not I, in my humble way, be as constant? No human eye might ever rest upon what I had done, but the long night had to be passed somehow, and for me at least, sleep seemed to be out of the question. My notes would help to pass the weary hours and to occupy my thoughts. Thus it is that now I have before me the notebook with its scribbled pages, written confusedly upon my knee in the dim, waning light of our one electric torch. Had I the literary touch, they might have been worthy of the occasion. As it is, they may still serve to bring to other minds the long-drawn emotions and tremors of that awful night. End of chapter.

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PM Modi recollects what former President Rajendra Prasad Ji had said upon visiting Somnath Temple...

PM Modi inaugurated and laid the foundation stone of multiple projects in Somnath, Gujarat. Reflecting on the history of the revered temple, the PM recalled the repeated destruction of the temple and how the temple rose after every attack. "It is a symbol of the belief that truth can’t be defeated by falsehood and faith can’t be crushed by terror", said the PM. Subscribe Now: https://goo.gl/8qsb5E Stay Updated! 🔔 Follow us to stay updated: ► Download the NM App: http://nm4.in/dnldapp ► Like us on Facebook: https://facebook.com/narendramodi ► Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/narendramodi ► Follow us on Instagram: http://instagram.com/narendramodi #SomnathTemple #ShreeParvatiTemple #GarbhaGriha #Gujarat #DevelopmentProjects #FoundationStone #SomnathPromenade #SomnathExhibitionCentre #Somnath #Veraval

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सात्यो, हमारी सोज होनी चाही है, इतिहाज से सिक्कर वर्तमान को सुदारने की, एक नया भविश बनाने की. इसलिगे, जब में भारत जोडो आन्दूलन की बात करता हूँ, तो उसका भाव, केवल भावगोलिक या भैएचारी जोडाउ तक सिमित नहीं है. एब भविश्षे के भारत के निरमान के लिए, हमें, हमारे अटीट से जोड़े का भी संकलप है. इसी आत्मभी स्वास पर, हमने अटीट के खनहरों पर आदूनिग गव्रों का निरमान की है. अटीट की प्रेनाओ को सन्जोया है, जब राजेंद्र पसाजज़ी सूमना फाए ते तो उनो ने कहाथा, वो हमें, हमेशा याद रखना है. उनो ने कहाथा? सद्यो पहले भारत सोने और चांदी का बंडार हुवात करता था. दूनिया के सोने का बडा हिस्चा, तब भारत के मंडिरो में ही होता था. मेरी नजर में, सोमनाड का पुना दिन्मान उस दिन पुरा होगा, जब इसकी निव पर विशाल मंडिर के साथी, सम्रुद्द और समपन भारत का भग्भे भवन भी तयार हो चुका होगा. सम्रुद्द भारत का वो भवन जिसका प्रतीद, सोमनाड मंदिर होगा. हम सभी के लिए, बहुत बडी प्रेना है.

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Part 1 Methods & Tools for Learning Tax Law

Part 1 Methods & Tools for Learning Tax Law join our Accounting Instruction Free Month Membership here: https://mailchi.mp/162b76dee17d/3vb67kuoou

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Income tax 2023-2024, methods and tools for learning tax law. Get ready and some coffee because we're setting our refund to the max with income tax preparation 2023-2024. Learning income tax law can be daunting, can be overwhelming in part because there's a whole lot of income tax law, because the income tax law is often written in confusing legalese type language which can be confusing to understand at first and because the income tax law is constantly changing. The tax law being a human construction that adopts over time in a similar way as a living organism adopts to the environment. So in other words, we're not learning something like in physics where we have a particular formula that we have discovered which will remain constant through all of time. We're working with something that's going to be changing as time changes and we can think of that as a bad thing but it can also be a good thing because once we understand the fundamental workings and conditions of the tax law we can adopt with it and if we can keep up to date with the tax law once we have a grasp of it then that's going to give us a little bit more job security and it can actually be an interesting thing to track over time. So what we need then of course is a strategy and approach to learning the income tax law and then of course a strategy and approach to be staying on top of the tax law as the tax law changes over time. One of those strategies as we touched on in a prior presentation is specialization. In other words, because the tax code is so large, what we want to do is pick an area where we want to specialize in and possibly grow from that area over time. Sometimes this happens just naturally by your work experience. In other words, you go work at a CPA firm or a tax firm and they start having you work on a particular type of tax return and that becomes your specialty. Sometimes you're more mindful about what that specialty will be. Oftentimes if you're trying to start your own business, this can be quite difficult because people try to basically take on too many things rather than specializing in a particular area and they don't have that corporate structure which kind of forces them to specialize in a particular area. So you want to know what you know, you also want to know what you don't know. You want to know which clients are good fits that you can pick up and which clients you really need to be able to say no to and have the rationale as to why you're saying no to those particular clients which for many of us is actually one of the most difficult types of things to do because you just want to be able to pick up all the clients. Just do all the tax returns. Just do them for free. It'll be great. But no, you don't want to do that. That's not the way to go. So we talked about some of the ways that you can specialize if you're doing tax preparation would be are you doing a whole lot of more basic type of tax returns in which case your profit margins will typically be lower. However, you're going to do more tax returns because hopefully they will be easier or do you focus in on higher income tax returns in which case you're going to have higher profit margins but do less returns and possibly make more money with tax advice type of things, tax planning type of work. Again, you can also specialize in business taxes versus individual taxes. This course is going to be focused more on the individual taxes to form 1040 but we'll touch on some of the business components such as having a schedule C for example and schedule E which is going to be a sole proprietorship and the real estate but you can also specialize in flow through entities, S corporations, partnerships for example or corporations and have that as your focus. If you're more accounting oriented then those might be more of a natural fit because they have more of the accounting system kind of incorporated within it. When you're talking about individual income tax returns data input into say the form 1040 oftentimes we don't have that double entry accounting system and therefore we need to come up with our own systems internally to double check that we don't have data input errors because if you have an accounting background we know that if you put stuff into a software we usually feel more comfortable with it if your accounting came from QuickBooks and they reconciled the bank accounts then at least they're using a double entry accounting system I have a little bit more confidence over it but with taxes even if you're doing a business tax return we might just be entering in essence the income statement so we don't have that double check of the double entry accounting system and we don't have the double check of the bank reconciliations so we want to put in our own like internal controls to make sure that we're inputting the tax return properly. So in order to envision the whole process of learning the tax return how can we give advice about taxes and answer questions and so on and then how do we get to the actual data input of the tax returns I would suggest that we approach learning tax law with three fundamental tools the first is going to be formulas in other words when we envision the tax return we're probably, we do not want to unless you have some strange skill that you can just visualize every line item on the tax return that's not typically what you want to do because the line items on the tax return often are more detailed than you really need to be to get a general idea of what is going on you're not going to memorize, well I add line one to line two and then I subtract line five from line four you're not going to memorize the lines what you're going to memorize is a general formula that you have in your head which will basically be a type of income statement because it's an income tax and then if you're answering questions that are just broadly people are asking that's the type of thing that you kind of want in your head if they're asking you a question you're like okay what's that going to impact is it going to impact income, is that going to impact a deduction what's that going to do to the bottom line and so on that's thinking usually in terms of a formula we will create formulas mainly in Excel so we can practice that and then you want to basically put that in your mind we can also use the formula to kind of double check our data input then we have the actual forms now the forms of course have the formula in it but the forms are going to be a lot more extended versions of the formula and put out in a much more formal way meaning it's going to say stuff like add box one and box three and blah blah blah but you're not really looking at it as like an elegant formula that you can understand you're just basically going through and adding the boxes so it's important to note the form to be able to visualize the form but it's probably not the thing that you're holding in your mind you were trying to answer some quick questions about possible scenarios that could happen under different circumstances and then we have the software so software there's a whole lot of different kinds of tax software but because the tax law has become so complex the software is vitally important so when you're discussing with people of course you can discuss and say well this is basically what I think is going to happen you know this is the gist of what will happen this scenario or that scenario but it's going to be the software when you actually plug it into the software that you would like to have to basically double check because the software similar to the double entry accounting system in accounting helps to give us a double check it's not perfect because it's still just a data input you don't have a double entry accounting system in the software but it helps you to have a double check that the software is doing some of the calculations and can give you diagnostics and stuff if stuff is off so for us these two are going to coincide with each other a bit because we're going to use the software to then create the forms but you can think about these things differently if you don't have access to any software and you want to just look at the forms you can look up the forms on the IRS website and you can follow along with just the forms we're going to create the forms with the software if you have access to software that is great it's a great tool to work with because then you can run scenarios really easily

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Rolling Thunder 22-2: 2d CEB Trails Project B-Roll

#Engineers #HIMARS #Artillery #Trails #2/10 #Tree Cutting U.S. Marines with Sierra Battery, 2d Battalion, 10th Marine Regiment, in conjunction with 2d Combat Engineer Battalion, both with 2d Marine Division, load a High Mobility Artillery Rocket System and clear paths during Exercise Rolling Thunder 22-2 at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, March 29, 2022. Defense Now - Apr. 2022 https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe95fdmDwNk_eI_C8YVXCGrfvIBdLvEUv Checkout for more Latest Defense & Technology News Updates. www.defenseflashnews.com Rolling Thunder 22-2: 2d CEB Trails Project B-Roll CAMP LEJEUNE, NC, UNITED STATES 03.29.2022 The Marines utilized the newly-fielded equipment gaining proficiency in constructing combat expedient roads and providing obstacle clearance for moving troops and logistics throughout a contested environment. (U.S. Marine Corps video by Cpl. Noah J. Ralphs) Film Credits: Video by Cpl. Noah Ralphs 2nd Marine Division -------------------------------------------------- The appearance of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) visual information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement. Video created under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ ---------------------------------------------------- YouTube https://www.youtube.com/c/DefenseNow https://www.youtube.com/c/DefenseFlashNewsToday Facebook https://www.facebook.com/MilitaryTrendingNews/ Instagram https://www.instagram.com/defenseflashnews Twitter https://twitter.com/defenseflashnew Pinterest https://www.pinterest.com/DefenseFlashNewsToday/ LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/defense-flash-news-6236a01b3/detail/recent-activity/ Thanks for watching & Subscribe. COPYRIGHT: Copyright disclaimer under section 107 of the copyright act 1976, allowance is made for 'fair use' for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statue that might otherwise be infriging. Nonprofit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.

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So, today Sierra Battery is, we're in the middle of Rolling Thunder, we're working with Second CB to create and refine expeditious trail operations in support of a high Mars battery in an EABO environment. So high Mars are going to have a great role in the future of the EABO environment. We work in high rains, which is a high Mars rapid infiltration. You load the launcher onto an aircraft of some sort, drop it potentially on an island. That launcher acts kind of alone and unafraid. They prosecute targets, they'll load back up onto that aircraft and return back. So that allows us to range targets in a deeper battle space. The overall objective of today's training is to better allow for survivability of high Mars in an environment where there's better targeting, UAS, things that make it more difficult for high Mars to hide. The engineers are greatly increasing the survivability of the high Mars, allowing us to create a trail system within the trees gives us a better ability to do reloads in the woods. Typically they're done out in the open, which makes it harder for us to hide. It allows us to create our own hide points that are going to better allow us to prosecute targets. Typically, we just pull into a GP or any sort of area and we have to use what's given to us. Sometimes there isn't even hide points, we just got to pull up a long tree line and utilize cami netting. So these engineers being out here with us allow us to shape our defensive posture better. So far in this location the engineers have given us an ammo hiding area, they've given us launcher hide points and they've given our fire direction center along with our platoon operation center better hiding spots in the tree line. So in a future battle space it's not just high Mars that are going to have to hide, cannons will also need to be hiding, the engineers can potentially take away some immediate crests that could take away some potential targets that cannons could execute. The integration of engineers into a high Mars or cannon platoon is greatly going to increase their survivability overall. Right now in Rolling Thunder for Sierra Battery and Second CEB it is a critical time period. It is allowing us to create and establish these TTPs and SOPs that are going to be critical in an expeditionary advanced base operations environment with the environment that we have around us, the vegetation is going to cause a large friction point for high Mars and artillery. So this is going to better allow us to operate in those environment, in that environment and execute targets deeper in the battle space.

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Manage Your Expectations!

Learn to manage your expectations instead of your disappointments. #simplifyourlife #simplify #growthmindset #relationshiptips #relationshipadvice #keepgrowing #mentalhealthtips #selfawareness

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You have to manage your expectations because if you don't you will manage your disappointments You can't stop people promising you the world Over-promising and always under delivering some people do that in your life all the time and it's killing you

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Cisco ROMMON priv mode

Showing on a Cisco IOS router how to break into ROMMON, goto to priv mode, dump and alter memory and cause a system crash.

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Hello, in this video I want to show you what Cisco iOS, how you can break into rom-mom and execute some privileges command to read and modify memory. So let's start here, I will show you memory, okay, so and at this address here we have memory that we are going to inspect. So let's calculate the size, so that's E988, E7C4, so 988 minus 7C4, okay, so that's 1C4 in hex. So let's copy this address, okay. Now I'm going to break in rom-mom, now I can break in rom-mom here while iOS is running because I modified the config register that allows me to do that. Usually normally you can only break into rom-mom when the router is booting, when iOS is booting. And also you need to be connected via the console, it will not work via telnet or SSH. Okay, so now I'm into rom-mom, iOS now it's stopped, it's no longer running, but I am executing the rom. Now to go into privilege mode, see here a list of commands. The privilege command PRIV is not mentioned, but it exists as a hidden command and you need to know a password for it. And the password can be calculated here with the cookie value. So you type cookie and you get these values and you add the five first words. So this hex value here, that's one word, second, a third, fourth and a fifth. So we want to add those values. So that's 0, 1, 0, 1 plus 0, 0, 0e plus d7, 15, sorry d7, 15 plus cc, 0, 0 plus 43, 20. So that gives us e7, 4, 4. And the password is the last four hex digits, these are actually hex values, e7, 4, 4. So you can type the PRIV command now, password is asked and you type e7, 4, 4. Since it is a hex that you're typing, it is not case sensitive. And now we are in that full privilege mode and if you look now at the command, you can see that if you have many more commands. One of the commands to dump memory is the dump command. The address we want to dump, that's the address here that we saved, no, not this one. So let's go back, okay, this address here, yep, like that. And the size we calculated, 1c4, and we want to see the bytes. Okay, so now we dumped that segment of the heap. So that block in the heap here, and here you see ab1234cd. There is the typical magic sequence that indicates the beginning of a block of memory in the heap. And all the way at the end you have this value here, fd01, then df. This is the canary value. When this value, this is the end of the block in the heap, and when this value gets halter, so for example when it gets overwritten by a buffer overflow, the integrity checks of Cisco iOS will detect this, and this will cause the router to crash, so iOS to crash. So we will change those values, halter, so this is the address, and bytes, so we will just override them with zeros, and then quit. Okay, so now we have displayed the memory, and we have also changed the memory. Now we will return to Cisco iOS with a continue command, like this here, and we are back into Cisco iOS. And now in a couple of seconds the integrity checks will detect that the heap is longer consistent, and a crash will occur. Okay, here it is. So this is the crash happening, and after the crash a file will be written to flash with the crash dump information. This is the crash info file, and then Cisco iOS will reload. Okay, and here we are again in the boot sub, so here you see that the system received a software forced crash, and that it is reloading. So this is how you break into Romul, go into privileged mode, and then for example display and halter memory.

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Nate Hagens - A Framework of Responses - Part 5/5

In an uncertain future, 'What can we do?' is an often asked question. This final lecture in the series will be an overview of 'responses' to the human predicament at various scales: global, national, community, and individual. It will cover technology, governance, agriculture, new social contracts, and especially things we can consider -and change -in our own personal behaviors that better enable us to live meaningful lives as well as play roles in the large complex cultural challenges coming our way. Previous talks: Part 2: https://youtu.be/2FDH2l9RQNM Part 3: https://youtu.be/5MakwrZEXL0 Part 4: https://youtu.be/7iHMBqejZdw --- This event was organized by YouthLink, more details about them are here: https://linktr.ee/youthlinkav

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Welcome to the final installment of this series and Happy Pongal. This talk I've never given before, I've created it over the last three days. I have over 50 suggestions. They will not be for everyone, but I think something in here will be for everyone. A brief recap from the last talk, we talked about four potential future trajectories. Green growth, there's a little room up front here. We talked about the Mordor economy, which has continued growth, but more and more dedicated to environmental remediation and mining and energy. We talked about the great simplification, which is instead of continued growth and complexity, it would be post-growth and less complexity, it less energy and material use, and we didn't talk much about Mad Max. But these are the four scenarios. In our culture, these four scenarios are not treated equally. The vast majority of people are believing in this green growth scenario. I think the odds are more like this, and my work is focused on the great simplification. I think if you watched my first four presentations here, you can see that our genome, our species, our brain and behavior have paired with energy resources and ecology to create a novel predicament with storm clouds on the horizon. On Saturday, I talked about the four horsemen in the coming decade, and what was your name again? Corina. Correctly inferred, especially for India, that the fifth horsemen should be included, which is climate and ecological constraints, and I thought about that and agreed. The financial overshoot, geopolitics and war, complexity, the social contract and climate and ecological impacts. For most people in our culture, there's two predominant cultural narratives. There's a Green New Deal where we migrate our energy systems towards 100 percent renewable, and we work towards zero emissions. On the other side of the political spectrum, it's business as usual, nothing's wrong with the past model. There are no shortages of anything, and all we need to do is deregulate and reduce taxes. My work shows that there is a bigger picture and it tells a different story. Today, I'm going to give an overview of what should we do. Before I do that, I would like you to pick a neighbor, and if you're not conveniently by one person, you can pick two other people, and just give a 30-second opinion, your opinion to your neighbor, of what you think we should do. Given what you've learned the last few lectures, or if you weren't here, what do you know about the world? What do you think we should do? Spend 30 seconds and then I'll tell you to switch. Okay. So just a show of hands. How many of you talked about a solution that or what we should do at either a global or a national scale? Okay. How many of you talked about Oroville or a community scale responses? How many of you talked about individual responses in your own life? Okay. So I'm going to cover all three of those. Because not only do we not share a current distribution of the future, there are many possibilities, and I think there could be really bad things happen or really good things happen. The great simplification and the Mordor economy are in the middle of the way I see the future, but all these things are possible. So there isn't one thing. Not only that, we all care about different things. Most of us care about ourself. The only thing we care about more than ourselves, most of us is our children, our family, our community, our region, our nation, our world, other species, other generations. I care a lot about other species and other generations. I just did this as a hypothetical for the average human. This is what we care about. So we care about lots of things, and there's lots of things possible. So my work has used the carbon pulse as the backdrop of our civilization. There are many stories out there that are counter to the one that I'm telling here. But a lot of the stories about a Star Trek future or colonizing Mars, or we each are so rich and we have our own robots are predicated on the fact that every single year, with the exception of COVID-2020, with the exception of 2009, the great financial crisis, with the exception of two energy crisis in the 1970s, two world wars and a great depression in 1930, every single other year in the last 150 years, humans have had access to more and more energy than the year before. Not only has that given us an abundance on average in the world of material wealth, but it has changed our expectations about the future that this will always continue. And so a lot of these plans about the future are both systems and energy blind. So some people get upset when I keep talking about the somewhat depressing and onerous constraints that are in our near-term future. But if your hair was on fire, I would feel compelled to continue to tell you that your hair was on fire. And so that's why I believe knowing this story and the more people that kind of squint and can see how it fits together, the better our individual and our cultural options will be. So there are three distinct timelines. Not only do we care about things different, not only could the future be different, but what we do is different in timeline. The red one, which is what most people are working on is now. What do we do now ahead of great simplification? The yellow is what I refer to as the bend or break moment when our financial claims and our complexity re-tether back to something that's more in equilibrium. And the green is how are humans gonna live 30, 50, 80, 100 years from now? What are the things that are longer-term sustainable? So those are three different timelines. And then there's three distinct areas of intervention based on my work. Number one is what do we do during this yellow area? Like we have to bend and not break because break would be bad. Number two is what are the directions and the projects and thinking two or three steps ahead to get to a more sustainable culture? And the third thing is how do we have more sustainable and engaged human beings? And this is how I'm gonna structure the rest of the talk. I'm gonna have a list of suggestions at the global national level, at the community and civil society level, and finally at the individual level. So for those of you that have been here the prior five events, it's pretty clear that I believe we have a road closed sign ahead of our current cultural expectations. So my work is to try and change the initial conditions of when we hit that road closed sign. And if we had a time capsule today knowing all this science and the synthesis of how things fit together, what sort of ideas would we put in that time capsule that we would want in our own lives or in our communities? So let's start with global. So first of all, as I mentioned, we're heading from a unipolar world to a multipolar world. And how do we have global governance when we struggle to even have community governance or in my country, national governance? So we're going to need new arrangements that don't end in wars and also take into account the needs of the global South and the environment. Our current institutions, the United Nations and other ones are not really up to this task. I don't have answers for this, but we're going to need some new international agreements and interactions. Incentives, our current economy, we self-organize as individuals, families, small businesses, corporations and nations to maximize profits. And those profits are based on the vast majority of the input are non-ruable resources on human time scales that we pay pennies to extract out of the ground for what they contribute. So all we care about is profits. That is our international success metric. But we really need to consider well-being, the oceans, the biosphere, a more holistic goal. One way to do that is to pay more correct prices for the main inputs to our economies. So if we were to remove all taxes on humans and all taxes on corporations, and again, I don't know the situation in India, I'm talking globally and the United States, but 95% of our taxes right now are on individuals and corporations. If we removed all those, and instead taxed any non-renewable input that came out of the ground like copper or fossil water aquifers or coal or natural gas, anything that's non-renewable on human time scales, we tax that significantly. What would that do? It would balance these things out. So number one is it would send the right signals to innovators and technology people that oh my gosh, these things using oil and lithium and neodymium are really expensive. So we need to use those inputs sparingly. We can use human input and renewable energy in more abundance. So we give the right price signals to the market. Also, it would signal to us that we would have to conserve because this would be $3,000 or something like that. And so we would generate simpler materials that don't need quite as good of screen. We would have repair people that were experts on this and humans en masse would conserve more than they are today. The reason this won't work right now is if we taxed everything like this, it would crash the system. But in a depression or something like that, we could, and oil was $10 a barrel, we could do something like this. This is something I'm working on at one level in the US government. Aspirations, we're born in a time when our cultural aspiration is to make a lot of money. And I think that has shown as I showed this graph before the energy supply per capita or the money per capita gives massive wellbeing and human development increases when you have very little. But when you have a lot, you get hardly any hedonic benefit from more. In the United States, if you make over $70,000 a year, you get very little psychic benefit from that, even if you make $10 million a year. And I used to manage money for billionaires and most of them were miserable. So we have to remember that after basic needs are met, the best things in life are free. And that's kind of a silver lining in all this because most of you intuitively know in your own lives that this is true. So if I asked you, what are the five best experiences you've ever had in your life? Most of you, almost all of them would have to do with friends or family or a loved one or playing cards or games or somewhere in nature. They're not gonna be huge energy and money expenditures. We talk about the future. There are like 8,000 emojis online. There's not a single one to represent our collective future. So I humbly offer this tea with an arrow to represent a future and it's not related to GDP or anything. Global advanced policy. So I've determined that the things that I'm discussing in these presentations cannot be heard by current politicians, even if they're understood by them one-on-one, because they're too threatening to say to the public. Yet cognitively, they're relatively true with some gaps and holes that need new research. So this concept of advanced policy, which is getting the things ready at the national level, a global level, a local level, a Tamil Nadu level that are going to have to happen in the not too distant future but that are too difficult to say outwardly today. This is a concept of advanced policy and a big one is bend not break when our financial claims on reality tether back to reality. Governance is a huge one. I would argue that most of our problems today stem or have a core issue of governance. So from the perspective of the carbon pulse, if we're somewhere between the yellow and the red star, what governance structures would fit for humans after the red star? I don't know. Back in ancient Rome, they had something called a council of contrarians where these people were scientists and lay experts and they didn't have the power to vote for something, but they did have the power to vote against stupid things. So if there was a way to have a structure of politicians that would have veto power over something dangerous or stupid, I think that might segue into different governance structures. Appropriate technology. So solar panels can power a wonderful civilization, just not this one is one of the core conclusions of my work. And yet when we talk about technology of the future, we're sending Teslas into outer space and flying cars and all this story, which could technically be possible, but is not scalable or even desirable for most people. So if we think about technology, it's such an important word in our culture. From the perspective of the carbon pulse, what might be the top four inventions of all time? And I will give you a hint that there's one of them in this room. Number four, this is according to Nate, of course. Number four is the bicycle. The bicycle is the most energy efficient device for transportation ever invented. The only thing that rivals it is a double-decker bus in London with every seat with three people on it. So we use very, bicycle uses much less energy, human caloric energy to get from A to B than walking does. So it's an amazing invention. Next is the story. Think of how much enjoyment and human pleasure we get from telling stories and there's very little energy input. As someone said, the second best invention is a dog. This is my dog Murphy. And there happens to be a golden magic in here, which I was quite surprised. And until this week, this is how I ranked them, but I've thought about it and with our Mandala group, I think the best invention of all human time for what it gives us relative to the energy input is music. For what it, oh yeah, well, I didn't want to discriminate North American dogs and other dogs is music. So when we think about technology, we need to think about clever and wise. And so far we've not lived up to our moniker homo sapiens, wise man, we're more clever man. So what technologies will be most suited for the downslope of the carbon pulse? We're gonna have to think of ways to get the same brain services by using less energy and materials. So how, what factor of energy are these guys using less than this guy being transported? And in other type of technologies, obviously this person is meditating, which is also a career type. So when we think about all this, it's going to be part of a super organism. And maybe as we can't totally step outside of the super organism that I described in the last lecture, but we may be able to wall it off in some of our plans and our futures. And maybe appropriate tech using, for instance, sodium for batteries instead of lithium. And things that don't give us quite the power or quite the speed, but give us something that's more sustainable and actually cheaper for more people. Another issue in the global situation is all we care about is GDP. And because of that, we've created a metabolism and the waste from this metabolism is warming the earth and the oceans. And so we're going to, like it or not, have to start to peel off money from a government's and from either regional or local governments to support ecological efforts. We're going to have to start actively cooling the planet. And there are a lot of ways to do that. Shown here is whales that are pooping as they come to the surface. And that creates food for phytoplankton. The krill come up and eat the phytoplankton. It is this enormous food chain that creates pulse carbon from the atmosphere. Yesterday I put up a short podcast with Sir David King who was the chief science advisor to the UK government who's working on bringing back blue whales at scale as one way to affect global cooling. Planting trees also creates cooling. Why is this town, this community cooler than the surrounding ones? It's because of all your forests are degrading the incoming sunlight. So we're going to have to at scale in our world massively change our mindset from, hey, how do I make more money? To how do we help the ecosystem services of where we live and our nation and our world regenerate? And it can happen relatively quickly but we need to divert resources away from our current pursuits towards this. What would help with that would be some sort of an educational, almost spiritual life ethic of which I've wrote a few lines here. Life existing is preferable to no life existing. More kinds of life existing is preferable to fewer. Vibrant complex ecosystems are preferable to small fragmented brittle ecosystems. Ecosystems with large complex life like humans or dolphins are preferable to ecosystems with only microscopic life. Ecosystems supporting conscious minds, the virtual worlds of our minds are preferable to ecosystems without them. It is preferable to maximize existence, happiness, love and understanding and minimize the suffering of minds in the universe. The future both near and far is real in the same sense that now is real and via causality is determined by what we do now. Things which are preferable by this definition may be considered good. Things which are less preferable may be considered evil. We should maximize good and minimize evil since the universe does not. So I really feel strongly that we need to educate and inspire more humans to culturally expand our boundaries of empathy as opposed to narrow them to our circle of care beyond our own species. Ecological restoration can happen very quickly but we need human labor and efforts directed that way. Okay, so those were a few global suggestions. I'm sure there's many more and we'll have time for Q&A. Now moving to community and civil society. On the heels of what I just said, we need to educate our young people in things that really matter and are relevant to their lives. One thing is ecological knowledge the soil and earth systems and the local biogeography of where they live. We need a systems understanding of our world. The time of reductionist experts is passing us. Now we need especially young people to understand the earth, their place in it and where they live. The title of my podcast is called The Great Simplification and I think a simplification is coming. Paradoxically because of what the tech bros are doing and what the governments are doing with stimulus, emotionally we might not get the signals that a simplification is coming. We might get a turbo boost of stimulation checks, stimulus checks, also stimulation checks ahead of that. So the key would be to kind of try to look two or three steps ahead at what's coming and plan for that. Now, communities and countries that simplify first, say we understand what Nate is saying, we're gonna stop growing and do things locally and consume less. First of all, it's unlikely that a lot of large scale places will do that. But if they do that, they will be outcompeted by other places that continue to have just in time supply chains and things coming. So we're in this like finger trap that we can't get out. We're just going further and further in. But last year, because of the Ukraine-Russia situation, a lot of European nations had to really tighten their belts. In Germany, they were advising people to take one shower a week. In France, even President Macron said that we need to have a society of sobriete, which doesn't refer to drinking, it just refers to being more rational behaviors. And they would turn off street lights at 10 p.m. and turn them back on at 4 a.m. And there were all kinds of things that were planned in case things got worse. So it's an open question, whether those places that simplify first will be at a disadvantage or an advantage. I think they will be in an immediate disadvantage, but the learnings and the things that they will be forced to do will actually make them way ahead of the game of other places that have plenty of energy and will be one of the last places for this to happen. Kind of an advanced esoteric point, but as I mentioned two lectures ago, Jeven's paradox is as we get more efficient, we actually use more energy. But on the down slope, as we get more efficient, we're gonna use less energy. So Jeven's paradox becomes Jeven's dividend. So if we're in a declining economy and you improve your efficiency then by 2%, you're gonna use 2% less energy. So it's actually gonna be a really important thing. Supply chains, we have a six continent just in time supply chain that is predicated on available credit and very cheap energy and over time that is going to simplify. So where I live here in the middle of the red circle, maybe instead of getting things from South Korea and China and Bangladesh, we'll get things from Canada or these other states. Maybe Tamil Nadu might change the supply chains of very important things. And I think you're on this note, you're much better off than the United States because a lot of your main inputs come from India, come from your community. Shadow Council. How many of you saw the movie Contact with Jodi Foster? Okay, some of you. So in the movie they had these plans to go to outer space that the alien had sent and some religious fanatics scrapped the machine that they were building and the movie was over. But unbeknownst is they had a plan B in Hokkaido, Japan where they were building this machine to go to space and Jodi Foster ended up going to space. The things that I'm discussing in these last five lectures are very difficult for an elected town commission to discuss because they're threatening to their built power, their status, the blueprints that are already in place. It's a very difficult political conversation to have. Which is why if there was a Hokkaido Shadow Council that wouldn't have authority per se, but they could do scenario analysis and do blueprints and come up with suggestions and ideas and just let the real council know that this exists. It's not a power thing. It's we wanna help our community and start thinking about these things that you won't think about. So I think this is a viable suggestion. So these are a friend of mine made this list of a bunch of different online tribes in the United States. Social justice, this starts from the left and goes to the right. There are so many different flavors of conversations online. And as we hit tougher times in our culture, these people are unlikely to speak to each other and they're likely to just dig in and talk to their own people. So we really, it's the same slide. Yeah, I think we really need what I call memetic tribe diplomats, which is people that have the ability to speak to several groups at once and facilitate a conversation by suppressing their own identity perhaps and having conversations. And then if this group and this group, then you can actually approach a collective intelligence. So especially some of you youth link pro-social diplomatic personalities, Giz and I'm looking at you. You can talk to multiple groups and we need those translators and facilitators. So one thing is our culture has taken financial capital and turned it into things. And this is accelerating. So, but now the central banks of the world are creating many, many, many more dollars and euros and yen and everything else then can actually ever be spent by my analysis. So consider transmutation, which is spending dollars now or soon to turn them into real things before they might not be able to do that. I mean, this is a long conversation, but especially to philanthropists in the room, I'm not sure there are any, but they have a billion dollar thing and they just generate 5% a year and they spend the 5% and they never touch the principle. And I think a spend down strategy given the five horsemen of the 2020s really makes sense. I think we need libraries of healing around the world. And I think Orville has the seeds of such a place if not the sprouts already. We have many people that have trauma and are afraid and are mentally not well. And I think we need a lot more locations where people can meet and heal and connect and learn and share. My personal view is we also need to protect nature at a local level. I came up with the term life brigade. You know, this place was where I went the fifth day we were here. There was a nice tree there that I went and sat in front and did my initial humming. And then a couple of days later that forest was taken down. That's right across from where we're staying. And yet the forested area here is still incredible. But there are many ways to get to 50,000 people. There are different pathways and Orville is not immune to the super organism. And so I think everywhere in the world it's gonna be up to local people to say the natural world where we live is non-negotiable and play a role in defending it. And I don't know enough about the local situation here. I went for a bike ride, which I always do before my talks. And I was just bombarded with beautiful bird song that way on Matchman Deer Road all the way into that forest. It's just so stunning around here. And I hope you can maintain that. Fiduciary. So in my last talk, I talked about the power dynamic in our world where we went from agricultural surplus to fossil energy surplus to monetary surplus. And now AI is accelerating all of this. So I think a real issue is those people that have the power and the means have to pay it back in service of life, in service of our communities, in service of stability. And it's a mind shift. On my bike ride, I pass the guy on by Matchman Deer that doesn't have any legs. And I wave at him every day. And my way back, I'm like, you know what? Chandra this morning said on Pongal, you give little bits of little monies to people. And I checked my pocket and all I had was a 500 note. I'm like, well, I can't give him that. And then I'm like, wait a minute, that's like $6. The guy doesn't have any legs. And $6 is not that much. So I gave him 500 note and he was like so happy. And then I was happy. And it was just a mental shift of, oh, 500 is not appropriate, that's too much. But those people that have means are going to, ahead of the great simplification, have an opportunity to play large roles in our communities, in our world, in our ecosystems. For instance, one thing I'm advocating for philanthropists in the USA, USA is one of the richest countries in the world, but 40% of the people are very poor. In fact, I had an Afghani cab driver a few months ago who's trying to be a computer programmer. And he's like, I hope I can do it. I hope I can graduate and get a job. He's like, I wouldn't wanna be poor in the United States. If I'm poor like homeless, I'm going back to Afghanistan. So in the United States, I'm advocating for local people that have money to donate to young people and build gardens and public land that isn't used for agriculture or airports or things like that in the community. And I don't know how that maps to Tamil Nadu or Oralville at all, but I think generally around the developed world, this is a viable thing to recommend. Human behavior, social capital, reciprocity. So as people learn about the details of the great simplification and climate and financial overshoot and everything else, there will be people that want to leave Oralville. And there will be people that want to come to Oralville. And I think now in the time before these events start getting topsy-turvy, thinking about the real structures and the values is really important. I think our culture is so plastic in what we do. Last week I was in Matrimandir Gardens walking with my phone, which I sometimes do. And three young Indian women in their late teens, early 20s looked at me like in horror, like what the heck are you doing on a phone in Matrimandir? And I felt shame and I put it away. So there's something in evolutionary biology called reciprocity and strong reciprocity. Resiprosity is when you punish the cheaters and reward the helpers. And strong reciprocity is when you punish those who fail to punish the cheaters. And this entire dynamic of what's socially approved and what's not is going to change. And it should change because right now those people who have the most digits in the bank get to call the shots. But we can quickly change what is socially acceptable. I mean, my behavior changed in two seconds because I realized what was going on. Okay, moving lastly to the self. So these next recommendations might be in contrast to our morning sessions, although some of them are also rhyming and overlapping. So when you hear about all the things that I presented these last five lectures, it is an appropriate response to grief, especially if you've not heard these things before because you've been told this was going to happen and now you're hearing this or this is going to happen. And grief for a future that you thought would exist is an absolutely healthy and natural response. If you were indifferent or thought it was funny, then I would be quite worried. But it's okay to grieve and reflect on this. The other thing is to keep perspective. We're living somewhere near the top of the carbon pulse. If I told you, especially you living in Tamil Nadu, that I would drop you on an ice flow at negative 30 degrees Celsius with just a coat, you would think that's a death sentence. But to an Inuit, it's just another beautiful day in the Arctic. So we have to keep perspective on the times that we're alive and look at, I mean, yes, we have some risks, but look at the amazing things that we have at our fingertips. Don't forget to live life. Music, love, laughter, games, badminton, singing, all the things that humans love to do can't be put aside because we know a disturbing story about the future. We can't let the future interrupt our life of the day. And gratitude is very important. I think we need to every day feel gratitude for what we have and what we see and what we experience because there's a lot and I'm learning that myself. There's something in psychology called compartmentalization, which is, and again, these recommendations on the self are mostly directed to the youth link friends of mine who are 20-somethings because they're adapted from what I tell my students, but they could apply to everyone. When you hear about climate change and the likely forecast as one example, it is natural to obsess about that and to think about it all the time and to research it and to talk to people and have it consume your presence and your consciousness. Compartmentalization is the ability to totally focus on something and then have it set it aside and focus on something else that you need in your life. I have this thing called a Pomodoro clock, which you can set on different sides and it'll be a timer for five minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, one hour and I set it and I do one task during that time instead of turning on my internet and checking my email. It's really harder than you might think because multitasking, we think that we're multitaskers, there's no such thing as multitasking. There's serially single tasks that we sequence together in rapid fire, but compartmentalizing and getting a healthy habit of that rather than put everything in a blender and do it all the time is something I would recommend. As far as the being part, we need to nourish ourselves and I think we forget this a lot and this is something we've talked about in the morning, sleep, food, exercise and especially time in nature to regenerate our bodies, our physiologies and our health and we often neglect that. There's something in Japanese called Shinroku which stands for forest bathing which is the serotonin and other psychic benefits we get from spending time in nature and all of you living in Orville have the opportunity to do this every single day with the bike trails and the forest and the ocean is not that far away. I highly recommend spending time in nature. It's my favorite place. And then there's inner tech which I think is important on our trajectory and this is from the last couple of days in our morning session. What we think how our bodies and brains are responding to things is our cognition is in charge and underneath it is our limbic system, our reptilian system and our enteric digestive system but the reality is our cognition is a really tiny tip of the iceberg and these other things underneath it are much, much stronger in our behaviors and the enteric system deals with stability or a homeostasis. The reptilian system is fight or flight and we go towards a sympathetic or a parasympathetic response and the sympathetic is unhealthy. It's fight or flight, it's cortisol, it's constant stress. The limbic system, are we satisfied or dissatisfied? And only if we're satisfied, we're in the parasympathetic system and we're in a period of stability can we actually use our cognition to the ways that it was intended? I just did a frankly on this called the behavioral stack and now that we've actually talked about it in real time I understand it much more. But there is a huge amount of dopamine in our cultures. I've become aware of this in my own life. And so if I go to a place called Whole Foods in the United States, I'll spend $200 because they have like the most unbelievable foods. Here's Las Vegas or some billionaires mansion. So I personally have created speed bumps that don't allow me to do those things. I've used my neocortex, my cognitive brain when I'm in a good state to create rules for myself that trump my emotional systems when in the future when I run into what is problems for me is eating all this rich food, et cetera. Especially for you young people, social media, computers, iPhones all of this is doing is shortening our attention span so that we need quicker and quicker stimulation. What it's doing is it's keeping our minds in the shallows. And as you get older, you won't be able to enjoy the deep end of the pool because your brain will be stuck in the shallows exactly when our culture is gonna need people to do 10 hours in a garden and read a book or a manual to learn something where we don't, and I'm not speaking to youth link people because you guys are rock stars in your early 20s. But most people in the United States who are in their early 20s can't even read a book. They do not have the attention span to read a book. And this is a real problem because technology has hijacked our brains, including mine and I'm not young. So one thing I've done is I took an old ginseng box and I created a dopamine sarcophagus for my phone. And before I go to sleep, I put it in there. But that would be somewhat lying because I only do that three or four nights a week. I don't do it every night. But I do try to do it every night. But how many of us sleep with our phones next to us? I mean, that's just like not a stable long-term thing. So what ends up happening is dopamine ends up being the predominant neurotransmitter or hormone in our lives and it's not a healthy allocation. So if you were here for my last talk, I talked about the asset allocation, financial asset allocation of the past, of the present and of the future. These are financial things. But the real asset allocation shift is from dopamine predominantly running our mind and having oxytocin, serotonin and endorphins be a much smaller part to having something much more balanced. Four-legged stool that is the doing between dopamine and endorphin and the being of the human being of our experiences between serotonin and oxytocin. It should be like a equal four-legged chair. And if someone wants a reference on this page, I could give it. So these were the lists of being. Now moving to doing. When you hear all this stuff, whether your focus is on yourself, your community or climate change or the future, there's something that's interesting, which if you really think about the story that I've told you here, you can intuit and understand that our culture, our global culture, our national culture is not going to simplify first. It's not going to leave resources in the ground. It's going to continue to go forward trying to access more energy. I told you that India plans to double coal production, coal consumption by the year 2030. If you really, really understand that, it actually does a strange thing, which is it gives you the impetus to overcome our own biological steep discount rates, which is where we much prefer the present to the future. And it pushes you through to an emotion of, wow, I actually have the ability to make changes in my own life, my family's situation in my community, and to actually do things ahead of time. One of those things for most people, and again, this is directed to a Western audience, is we can simplify. We don't need all this stuff to be healthy or happy. I told you the other story that my storage shed is half the size of this room, it's full of stuff, and I haven't been in there in nine years. So I'm guilty of this too, but here's the thing. Be happier with using less energy and materials. Don't do it to save the planet. Do it because it makes you more resilient for the future. Buddhist economics is assets over desires, and if you reduce your desires, that's just the same as increasing your assets. Skills, what we think we need to know for the last 50 years is going to change. And yes, computer programming and AI and things like that are gonna take away a lot of jobs, but if you can imagine the great simplification and you live in Orville and you're a long time Orvillean, what sort of skills do you think you could have that would contribute to this community? What's gonna be needed? What are you interested in? What are you good at? A lot of people don't have any skill other than their job. So try to learn something that you enjoy and would be useful to a future. Goals, there's two kinds of goals. There's a conditional goal and there's an unconditional goal. A conditional goal depends on who gets elected president or what the financial system is doing. An unconditional goal is something you yourself control. Here's shown as one of my neighbors planting potatoes because he wanted to be a little bit more food self-reliant. So unconditional goals actually improve your serotonin and reduce your cortisol if you accomplish them. So that's a suggestion. Another thing is we will continue to hear all kinds of things in the future and to avoid the consensus trance and think for yourself or with a small group of people that you trust. And I don't expect you to believe everything that I've put forward these last six lectures but please on the things that you're questioning, look them up yourself and go from understanding to knowing these things but do not be afraid to think and act for yourself. Intermittence, we talk about we need 24-7 base load. Humans are base load. We don't need 24-7 access to 100 light bulbs worth of energy which is what the average American uses. So the first few will charge a laptop or a computer. Then there's enough. We have enough energy and then there's plenty and our current cultural goal is to have more stuff and another speed boat and an extra house and all this stuff which doesn't make us happy or healthy. Carrying dissonance. So being uncertain and having dissonance is physically uncomfortable to a human brain. So the typical response of hearing this story of limits to growth, climate change, the five horsemen is either, oh, humans will always figure out a problem we always have, we're gonna end up on Mars and things are gonna be great or, oh my God, we're screwed. It's Mad Max, just give me a beer. And because both of those poles obviate the need for any personal response. So carrying dissonance, being unsure, being uncomfortable, being uncertain about something is actually a skill worth fostering. We need to navigate the pathways between fantasy and doom. Find the others. So not so metaphorically, we are on a runaway train where the super organism and the elite are shoveling coal and other hydrocarbons into the engine and it's speeding out of control and there's no plan and there's a bridge out ahead. So my recommendation is find people that you love and care about and meet in the dining car. And there's three reasons I say that. Number one is, and maybe you find these same five or six people and they can cover all these bases. In my life, I have three separate groups of five or six people. One is people I just love to be around and we play games and we have a bottle of wine and we laugh and we listen to music and we don't talk about any of this stuff and these are my friends locally and we get together once a month and they're my core people. Another is I'm really interested in these things. You might be interested in basket weaving or bike repair or whatever. Find people that are really interested in the things that you're interested in and share time and space with them. And possibly most importantly from my vantage is find those five or six people that share your worldview and your deep calling for what you think is important and to engage on some project larger than yourselves. Maybe something in Oroville, maybe something in India, maybe you wanna protect some species in Tanzania that no one has a spokesperson for. That can happen with groups of three, four, five, six people. It can't happen with groups of hundreds of people. So really important, find the others and things that you care about in these different domains. If some of you weren't here on three lectures ago, I introduced this character as the agenda of the gene who is walking forward but the eyes are looking backward meaning that we are a product of our evolutionary past. And a question I posed is the agenda of the gene, our friend. And we don't have to follow the dictates of everything the agenda of the gene. Oh, pizza. We don't have to do everything that the agenda of the gene is pushing us towards. So I don't know enough about most of you to know when I say sharpen the sword, you are the sword and you know yourself well enough to know what are the things that you wanna sharpen about yourself over time. And I'm still working on this and I have given this advice for 10 years and mine is still kind of really dull in places. So it's not like you're gonna have a sharp sword, you're just keep sharpening. This is a really important point that I think I made the other day. We're alive at such a monumental time but there's a difference between absolute wealth and relative wealth. And most of our culture determines our success based on how we compare ourselves to others. And instead, we can compare ourselves to the people in the distant future or the distant past or don't compare ourselves at all. Just live within our own minds and awareness. And if you do that, we are unbelievably wealthy. Most of us, probably everyone in this room, in what we have access to today, it really is abundant until you look at that fast car that went by or some new bling that this guy I work with was wearing or whatever and then I feel inadequate. But I think to be happy with absolute wealth as opposed to relative comparisons is a helpful thing. So that was the doing. Moving on to the final component of this talk and the final and most important component of individual behavior is the we in quotation marks because it doesn't just mean we, we, but a broader societal we and also a broader other species and other generations. So if nothing else, be kind. And this is something I learned from my coach that we each of us have the ability to short circuit and reverse a chain of human behavior. We're such performative social creatures that if you smile at someone, they don't know you. They almost invariably will smile back. And so a bunch of frowny faces and you break the chain and something emergent happens after that you walked away and you don't see these people again but they did something in their life that maybe your little small action helped cause. So if nothing else, be kind in your life. Wend for you non-native speakers is following a path in a non-direct way. This guy's name is DJ White. I've written three books with him for college students. This is him when he was 22 years old, not the most impressive picture. He had a degree in geology and he was working in Indianapolis at an oil firm. But all he knew in his life is that he loved whales and dolphins. And he figured out, cause he was smart that there were no whales and dolphins in Indiana. So he bought a one-way ticket to Hawaii and he volunteered at a local aquarium to clean out the dolphin poop from the aquarium feature. 10 years later, he was the most successful environmental activist of our time or on the road to being. He single-handedly with his organization Earth Trust stopped the drift nets in the ocean in the 1980s. He stopped the dolphins in tuna cans. He negotiated with Starkist to have dolphin-free tuna cans. He stopped the only dolphin drive-kill in the world, that Black Cove, that movie you never even knew about, because it never became public because it was part of the agreement with the Taiwanese government to never show the footage. So here he is with a dolphin friend of his. They're doing yoga together. She led him in the exercises. They knew hundreds of poses. They had the choice of a thousand songs to pick, and she would always choose on a different grid with her, yeah, now knows Beethoven or Bach or Mozart like classical music, and she had options of everything else. He has told me unbelievable stories of the consciousness, humor, cleverness, and their interactions together. And DJ and his wife decided long ago that they didn't want to reproduce another human, they wanted to reproduce other species. And because of him, there's probably at least a million more dolphins alive than without his efforts. He had no idea about any of this. He took a single step in a direction that he felt passionate about, and he didn't know where he was going. He went his way there. So that's my advice to you, is give yourself a 24 hour vacation from other people on electronic media in a place you personally find meaningful, and ask yourself, who do I wish to be in this life? Why do I wish that? And how might I make that real? The answers are for you alone, but you'll find you'll be glad to have them, especially at a young age. We're in a time where we're going to need brave people that speak out, speak up and do bold things, because the default path is that people will be quiet and not do these things, and then we're on the path of the super organism. So I encourage you on the things that you truly know, and truly deeply care about, and want to play a role in to be brave. Also, we live in a culture where we are externally validated. We do an action or a behavior, and we look to others to get validation from outside of us. But many of you, I believe, especially the youth link people, and the people in our mandala have an internal compass that has a true North reading. And so I think we have to gradually be happy with our own decisions and our own path that we're going, and get intrinsic validation from ourselves, instead of from others. Do something for the benefit of someone else that nobody else, including that person or animal, will ever know. Examine the complex feelings this causes to arise within you as a first step in sorting social motivation from personal altruism. The first time I did this, I was at a Starbucks, and there was a really cute barista serving coffee, and I paid my bill, and she turned around to get the coffee, and I was going to give her a $2 tip, and I was waiting for her to turn around so she would see me give the $2 tip, but then I thought about it, and I put the tip in as soon as she turned around and wasn't looking. Just one tiny little stupid example. But there are ways we can go through our life and think about our little behaviors like this. Rocks in the river. I think I mentioned this in one of the prior lectures that we're downstream from a body of water, and at some point with the great simplification, the water's gonna start rushing quite fast, and a lot of rocks, meaning people or groups of people, are not really tethered to the ground and will tumble downstream. So we can, with ample preparation and fortitude and some of the things I've been recommending here or suggesting here, act as metaphorical rocks in the river that are anchored, and then when the water starts rushing, we hold our place, and we can then help people around us. And if there's enough of us in a community that do this, we can actually redirect the water when it comes. Lastly, there's, especially in my culture, there's a lot of talk about don't eat me, don't fly, drive electric car by solar panels. All these things are good for mental hygiene, but we're alive at a time where consuming less to be one eight billionth smaller part of the superorganism is less important than maximizing your impact. And the time now is to maximize our impact on a collective future, not to minimize our impact. Yes, we should be happier and healthier by using less resources if we can, but if you overly focus on that, you'll spend all your time trying to do that when your skills are better spent on a broader, maximizing your impact. So ahead of the great simplification, my work is mostly to explain reality to people, to explain how energy, materials, technology, money, human behavior, ecology, the environment fit together. And above that, I've just outlined recommendations for being, doing, and the we, which is beyond our own self. The reality is, we don't really need to know all this to do this stuff. I think it helps. And for those of you that are into the infrastructure and actual planning, knowing the reality helps us avoid some dead ends, but all these things we can all do without understanding all this stuff about climate change or resource depletion and the five horsemen. When a system is far from equilibrium, small islands of coherence can shift the entire system. Thank you all.

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Danmark i FN - Danmarkshistorien.dk

Tag med Kristine Kjærsgaard, ph.d. og lektor i historie ved Syddansk Universitet, en tur til FN Byen i København. Her fortæller hun om Danmarks medlemskab af henholdsvis FN (De Forenede Nationer) og NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization).

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Vi skal snakke om vores mellemskab af FN og om vores mellemskab af NATO, og hvordan de to mellemskaber nogle gange har givet anledning til forskellige brydninger. Vi har jo godt tænkt mig at starte med at spørge dig af, når Danmark gik med i FN, som en af de første 51-nationer i 1945, handler det så primært om realpolitik, sikkerhedspolitik eller var der også idealistiske overvejelser? Det handler om realpolitiske overvejelser i 1945, og det var realpolitiske overvejelser, der vedrørte for det første at komme med i det gode selskab allieret, og der havde kæmpet nogle arksemakterne. Danmark var jo ikke en del af. Så ved at komme med i FN, så blev man en del af det gode selskab. Og så handler det også om, at når man skulle formulere sikkerhedspolitiske ståvstret fremadrettet, så kunne man ikke formulere neutralitetspolitikken som et sådan sikkerhedspolitiske ståvstret, fordi modstandsbevægelsen, der er befrielsesregeringen skulle danne sig i 1945, krævede, at politikerne gjorde op med neutralitetspolitikken. Så det var ikke en mulighed. Den kolde krig var jo ikke begyndt, men der var spændinger mellem Øst og Vest, og på dit tidspunkt mellem Stortbritannien og Sørgjertunionen. Og Sørgjertunionen havde samtidig militære tropper på Bornholm, der havde i en til mars 1946, og der tilgændig gav Sørgjertunionen over for Danmark, at man ikke skulle samarbejde for meget med ensidigt, med den vestlige side med Stortbritannien. Så ved at formulere FN, at have FN som et sikkerhedspolitiske ståvstret, så kunne man mødekomme et realkolitiske ansyn til både modstandsbevægelsen, det vil sige ændrespolitisk og undhedspolitisk, til den her begyndende balancegang mellem Sørgjertunionen og Stortbritannien. I 1949 tiltræder Danmark at landparken som Dan og Grundlag for NATO. Men hvorfor var det egentlig nødvendigt at tiltræde NATO, når man nu allerede var medlem af FN, og FN kunne stå som garanten for fred og sikkerhed i verden? Danmark tilslutter sig at landparken i 1949, fordi der er på socialdemoterede venstre, og de konservative er en enighed om, at det internationale trusslussnivå er stigende. Det er der enighed om med henvistning til Krise i Berlin, Kubitjekus Løberkede, og der er et størjetisk tilbud til FN-land om en vandskapspakt. Samtidig er det sådan, at der er vetoart i FNs sikkerhedsråde, hvormed sønsynligheden for, at store marktene kan nå til enighed om, at FN skal gribe ind i en internationale konflikt, den vil være ganske lille. I starten af 1950'erne er NATO i USA for alvor etableret, og vi har de her to organisationer på en side NATO, på en anden side FN. Der er en solid arbejdstilling mellem vi to organisationer, når vi taler om deres betydning for dansk underhedspolitik og den kolde krig. Med fokus på FN, så er det den her mere langsigt normative, hvad de politiske del af underhedssikkerhedspolitiken og NATO er. Den bliver jo også i langsigtet, men den er tænkt, som sådan mere kortsigt forsvarspolitik, så længe FN ikke virker, hvilket vidende om, at man faktisk holder fast i den her FN-vision. I praksis er den arbejdstilling selvfølgelig ikke så skarp optagnet, fordi FN-politikken er jo ikke kun langsigtet, den er jo også kortsigtet. Der er jo spørgsmål om kolonierovvikling, der er spørgsmål om nedrustning, og der er jo hensyn til NATO, som melder sig, når man for eksempel skal tage stilling til et helt konkret nedrustningsforslag, skal der være en atom, hvor man fri zone i Europa, så er der jo et hensyn til NATO, der er en udvikling, som er så ledes, at Danmark i 1950'erne, frem til begyndelsen af 1960'erne, i udpræve grad stemmer sammen med NATO, eller ensartet med NATO flere tale, så begynder Danmark at stemme mere selvstændig. Der snakker vi stadig ved koloniespørgsmål og nedrustningspørgsmål, men der er påfaldende nok også altid en grænse for den danske selvstændighed. Når man rammer ind i en mur, der hedder det her, og det her går ud over en NATO, så stopper den her støtte. Og sådan en FN-by skal selvfølgelig også have en shop med en masse merchandise. Det er skatten, da. Og ude der er founding fathers af FN, de fortsætter sådan en shop her i 1945. Nej, jeg tror, de tænker på den internationale verdenssituation, og ikke på merchandise. Men jeg kan jo se, at man rent faktisk kan få din bog herinde, sammen med en hel masse anden, skal vi ikke gå ind og se, hvad man egentlig kan få. Jo, lad os det. Da muren så falder og en koldkrig slutter i 990, så må man jo forestille sig, at FN-politiken fik langt større betydning for Danmark. En NATO-politik, fordi der ikke længere er den samme behov for hård marked. Er det det, der sker? Der sker i hvert fald det, at man bliver meget optimistisk omkring FN-politikken. Det er ikke sådan, at man dropper NATO-politikken, fordi der er også en usikkerhed omkring, hvad der kommer til at ske i verden, som man først holder NATO. Men en optimisme og en positivitet omkring FN i første halvdelen af 90'erne er bestemt. Man får jo en politik i Danmark, man kalder aktiv internationalisme i begyndelsen af 90'erne. Hvad er det, den går ud på? Den går jo uenlig ud på at booste det, som har været den danske FN-vision op gennem den kolde krig, en satsning på internationale ret, kollektiv sikkerhed og fredelig tilgang til konfliktløsning, maling, forhandling, dialog, ret grundlag for internationale militære og operationer. Og netop fordi, at den kolde krig forsvinder, mener man, at der bliver en større mulighed for, at stormarktene i sikkerhedsrådet kan nå til ene, og dermed så kan FN gribe ind i verdens konflikter. Så egentlig den gammel danske FN-vision, der nu kan føres ud i... Ja, for den kan man sammeføre i de her begreb-internationalisme. Men det er jo sådan relativt kort periode, vi fører den her aktiv-internationalisme. Der sker noget i 95', hvad er det, der ændrer hele den danske FN-politik på det tidspunkt? Der sker jo det, at FN har nogle militære operationer, griber ind rundt omkring i verden. Det er blandt andet på Balkan, boosten her i Tsukovina, og det er i Iwanda, i Afrika. Men der sker noget, så netop nogle ting, der gør, at man ikke kan fastholde den her optimisme, man havde i starten af 95'erne. FN har ikke tilstrækkelig mandat, og kan ikke formå at skabe fred i de her områder, og er på Balkan nødt til at overdrave operationen til NATO. Og senere hen så bliver det jo NATO, der i Kosovo i 1999 beslutter uden FN-mandat og griber ind. Der deltar Danmark stadigvæk. Det er et markantskift, vil jeg mene, i dansk grunnurs af sikkerhedspolitik. Nu har vi taget lidt om NATO og FNs betydning for deres sikkerhedspolitik siden 1945. Men nu står vi jo her i FN-byen i København, og det er jo en bygning, vi fik i 2013, på et tidspunkt, hvor det danske engagement i FN er blevet mindre. Vores andel af BNP, af udviklingsbystand, er mindre, end den var for 20 år siden. Vi er gået i krige uden FN-mandat, og så videre. Hvorfor er det, at FN vælger at lægge sådan en markant bygning i København? Det er et rigtig godt spørgsmål. Hvis man kigger på, hvad FNs derhverne generale sekretør, så henvist han faktisk til dansk udviklingsbystand, fordi den kan overenskus over en længere tid. Og så må han sige, at Danmark skal være stolt af sin indsats, og Danmark har faktisk været blandt den håndfull lande, der har ledt op til FNs mål, og i nogle periode, i en år overgåde de her mål. Så man kan sætte det lidt som udtryk for en andekældelse af en FN-insats over en lang periode.

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Who defines development? - Pecha Kucha-Style Night - GLF 2015

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Who do you think defines the model of development in a country? For me, development is one of those tricky terms because it will depend on whose perspective you are taking into account. And it took me a while to understand the nuance of this term. Everything started while I was deciding what to study. It always like, I always like nature and love all types of plants. So I think that influenced my decision of studying forestry. As an undergrad student in Peru, we have to take field classes. And in my wildlife class in a community near to Iquitos, I had to conduct interviews with the local people to understand hunting practices in the area. I noticed then that although we had trouble so much around Peru in our different courses, we didn't know the people and the context they are embedded in. And I recognized that we didn't know. So that took me a while. All this idea of the context and indigenous peoples having a different concept, what development means, it took me to understand that I was assuming that just good technology, access to the global market and efficiency managing resources, it will be enough to achieve development. But development for whom? The Amazon is mostly seen as a source of natural resources, but at the same time is seen as home and life itself by hundreds of different indigenous peoples. Well, some people call these differences of development, ethno-development or endogenous development because they are trying to differentiate themselves from the market globalized notions of development. So there are two competing expectations of what development means, indigenous peoples and not indigenous peoples. And this is creating conflicts in Peru. So for instance, political, environmental, ecological and social conflicts, actually in the Peruvian Ombudsman it is registered a monthly average of 228 social conflicts and most of them are related to the extraction of natural resources. So grassroots organizations, journalists and respected academics identified that such conflicts are mostly and primarily driven by transnational corporations, models, businesses. So extraction or exploitation, production, consumption and marketing of these products are way beyond our planet ecological boundaries. Also it has been documented that transnational corporations have the tendency to exploit nature under the name of development and progress while externalizing liabilities to the communities and the environment. Furthermore, transnational corporations take part in the writing of public national policies regarding the management of the commons and share resources. Well, there is an increase of rural and indigenous movements voicing the different perspectives of development. I mentioned these two types of development, endogenous and development. So in the Amazon, indigenous peoples are articulating that the projects of development that are executed in their territories should take and support, should support their visions and desires for their future. And the way that they are doing this is through the creation of organizations, indigenous organizations that will provide a means for them to support their visions and what actually desire for their future. Currently in Peru, there is an asymmetric struggle to address main powers, main transnational powers, so they respect the self-determined development of indigenous peoples. There has been some achievements, sadly at high cost of human lives. In 2009, there was a sadly success in what is called the Bawa massacre, and it was a clash between military forces and the people. Well, the people was able to create enough pressure to the government to eliminate certain decrees that were threatening their desires for the future, well, their collective and individual visions after a free trade agreement signed with the U.S. Well, I was mentioning at the beginning that I wasn't getting to know actually the context of people and the people itself, so I decided to do something about that. Through a master's and a PhD now, we are forming alliances with Azenica and Gene Yami peoples for the Peruvian Amazon to collaboratively research about what they envision for their futures. There are some evidence that suggests the necessity of established meaningful and indigenous indicators of development, so are based in the context and culture. As well, it is important to recognize the, well, recognition of plurinational state in Peru and a practice of it. So these indigenous processes are vital in order to influence public policies in Peru and as a way to address current and future conflicts between humans and humans in nature. Underlying all of these are two important values, first, respectful consistency and reciprocity. Thank you very much for listening.

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W, 03.01.23 -- 2022 PANINI IMMACULATE WWE 1-BOX BREAK #18 *RANDOM NUMBER BLOCK*

* JOIN our group breaks on https://JaspysCaseBreaks.com/ * WATCH seven nights a week! Some nights will feature a LATE NITE! * VISIT our 3,000 sq. ft. shop at 1402 Pacific Coast Highway, Hermosa Beach, CA! - Open M-Sa from 11a - 6p - Open Sunday by appointment - We're following all Covid-19 safety protocols for your safety and ours! :) * FOLLOW us on Twitter and Instagram @JaspysBreaks https://twitter.com/JaspysBreaks https://instagram.com/JaspysBreaks * THANK YOU for watching and subscribing! * CONTACT us via the "Support" button on JaspysCaseBreaks.com * FAQ here: https://jaspyscasebreaks.com/a/faq

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Hi everyone, Joe for JaspeysCaseBreaks.com coming at you with a one box break of Panini Immaculate WWE random number block break number 18. If you're not familiar with the format, there are the instructions right there. Big thanks to this group for making it happen. There are the numbers and let's roll it and randomize it one and a six, seven times each. One, two, seven, one and a six, seven times for the numbers. One, two, three, four, six and seventh and final time. Good luck. Seven down to three after seven. It is a new month. That means a new font style, a serif style. We were sans serif last month. Colin with seven. Zachary with four. Aaron with nine. Dennis with zero. Zero gets you any and all redemption in this one box break, including one-of-one redemptions. Tyler, you'll still get live one-of-one. Zachary with five. Colin with eight. David with six and three. Let's sort by number and we're going to pause the video. When we come back, we're going to see if there's any trades and no off the break. Stick around. BRB. All right. Welcome back, everybody. TWC trade window closed. We'll use the SmackDown diet right there. So that list remains the same here in break 18. Next one in the store. So check it out, jaskyscasebreaks.com. All right. We've got three boxes left. We'll go one, two, three, four, five, six on the dice roll. Three. One, two, three, four, so the middle box is what we're going to do. These two we'll save for next time and next one's already loaded up so check it out. And I think this is it. I don't think we have any more cases after those two other boxes. All right. Good luck, everybody. Next one off the top is the American Eye Mirror, Cody Rhodes, 19 out of 65. That'll go to Aaron. So we go by that digit right there, Aaron Billingsley. There he is. He's pretty good. We've got Raquel Gonzalez, two out of 99. That's going to go to Collin and the number two, Jumbo ring canvas. And we've got Ricochet, piece of his shirt, seven out of 50. Collin with the number seven. Should be our Autos. 44 out of 49, shadow box autograph, Kit Wilson. That'll be for Zachary and the number four. A couple more here we have, we have Superstar Billy Graham, 31 out of 99, Inductions autograph. Nice. 31 out of 99, Tim Tyler with the number one. And last but not least, we have, we have Asuka, six out of 25. I think she got a win last night. Asuka? Asuka? Asokatano? No, it's something else. Six out of 25, that's for David, last spot mojo with the number six. There you have it ladies and gentlemen, another one box, random number block break in the books. I'll see you next time for another one. Bye-bye.

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DEF CON Safe Mode Career Hacking Village - Steven Bernstein - Cons & Careers

When I got my first job out in the real world, I thought: this is it: All I’m ever going to need to know for my career, for my job. Got a rude awakening that was one of those worthwhile lessons taught outside of school: invest in becoming a lifelong learner. How do you come across new ideas to keep things fresh? To borrow a saying, if you’re the smartest person in the room, you’re in the wrong room! Attending conferences is one way to learn about different viewpoints. Revisiting ideas is one way to renew our minds and impact the way we think. Peeking into points along a career path will demonstrate an approach to keeping an eye on constant growth, while watching out for warning signs for burn out. Compete against yourself and you’ll. Maybe it was the dialog in the scene or suddenly understanding what the writer must have been thinking. The point is, the introduction of new ideas is essential to keep adding value to ourselves and the things we do.

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Welcome back to the Career Hacking Village here at DEF CON Safe Mode. As many of us know, one of the ways that we can get our skills to help our overall career development and actually build those skills that need to be put to place in our technical careers. One of those ways is through being part of conferences, but conferences have so many other benefits to us. We thought that it would be really great that sciatic nerd would come here today and tell us all about the career arcs of cons and careers. sciatic you want to take it away. Thank you very, very much Kathleen and hello career hacking village. It is super awesome to be able to be here and share today. This is one of those rare moments right where you realize there are not that many opportunities to just get out there and share what it is you've been doing or what you know. And if there's an a chance, then it's, it's got to be worth it to reach out and do the thing and today, the thing is talking about how conferences virtual or in person can be something that enhances your story. Because we all deal with this ridiculous frustrating thing. It's impossible to push down sometimes it's called, well in info sec it's commonly called imposter syndrome right. This is that feeling that that wells up in you when you you're not sure. Can people see through me right now. What, what exactly are my thinking what are they thinking I don't know that I can do this. Well, we're going to talk about this a little more in depth but it's a constant thing. And in the, in the context of this talk, it's going to be referred to kind of like a level boss it's the, it's the non descript just thing waiting at the top of the stairs at the behind the dark door. But we're going to deal with it one step at a time, because I don't know how it was for you but when I was growing up my older brother he had the stereo, which meant I got to listen to whatever he wanted and that made me crazy and in the way it would right. You don't get to control what you're hearing your force fed things into your ears. And in this case for him it was, it's the 80s. Yes, I'm that age. In the 80s, the band. Yes, had this ridiculous album called 90125. It's very different from all their other work. But so what it had a lot of high production value and all this stuff but it was pushed into my head, and the song owner of a lonely heart, in particular, was the kind of anthem thing but I wanted something for me something I could listen to. And I said you know I'm going to do something really different and I got a hold of the art of noise. It's just an album cover for one of their pieces for a fairly well known thing called paranoia, but it turns out you find inspiration in strange places. Specifically, the art of noise wouldn't have existed, unless 90125 the actual album my brother was listening to had gotten made. It turns out the music programmer who was recording some drum beats for the band. He got the idea in his head to work with this relatively new recording technology the sequencing technology, and the art of noise was born. Even though I may not have been a super fan of that band at the time. It's the reason that the band I was enjoying came into being. So the moral here is intended to be. It's not just inspiration and unique places, and don't skip going back to learn something new, reexamined something you thought you had an idea of before, because it can, it can change who you are and what your career path is. That's just like a career though I mean, right. It takes time to figure out who you are, and the kind of work, you really want to do. It's difficult to just show up one day and guidance counselor or somebody you trust hopefully asks well what do you want out of this thing, this stuff you do. You just stay up all night and tinker what what is it that gets you out of bed and makes you want to put hands to a keyboard or do whatever it is that you do. So, learn from your mistakes right you've got to go back and at some point, maybe try to even help those who are coming after you to find a different route to. I'm going to talk a little bit more about that as we go because one of the biggest challenges I've ever found was figuring out how do you and I how do we add value, right, I mean that's a ridiculously HR sounding thing but when you come to a situation where you have another hanging with your friends, or putting together a camping trip or anything. How do you bring value what is it that you are going to do that makes it more enjoyable improve the situation. What can you do to be positive about growth. And that's something that is. It's an intangible someone call it a soft skill, but it's a very important and challenging thing because it means something different to every person it's not going to always mean the same thing. Maybe you come along and make people laugh. Maybe you do something ridiculous maybe you help with conferences whether it's planning them, helping with the safety and security aspects, talking to people helping get the sponsorship going. All of these different pieces help make the whole better. So, let's talk about the most epic of stories let's talk about yours. Because, when it comes down to it we have to think of things well I prefer, excuse me I prefer to think of things in terms of a story, because that's what it is. If you're a fan of science fiction, recently one of the characters said you know have a story but make it a good one. We're going to address our concepts that way. So it's your early arc, the middle arc, the late arc or in our case we're going to talk about what these arcs are kind of like chapters or a group of chapters that sum up a large portion of growth. And what do I mean by growth. I mean that there's usually a beginning and a middle and an end to a segment, whether it's part of your life because you met a new friend, or they've departed your life, or you push them out. In this situation, there are usually times and chapters. And with that kind of idea in mind we'll talk about things that way, but some disclaimers that we have to talk through on our way into this journey, your journey. There are going to be jerks. There are going to be people who don't want to help. There is going to be a requirement to leave the comfort of the herd if you watched that show in the 90s. What was that in the 2000s? I forget. The point is, the joke is on us. We love to stay out of things. We don't want to get involved. And if you do, well then there has to be the right timing to get involved. Nothing comes easily, right? It takes effort. Because there are people who will want to be roadblocks. There are people who are going to be just gatekeepers or they're going to even tell you directly, you aren't cut out for this. You have to go somewhere else. That was literally one of the driving inspirations for me to finish my degree, because a professor literally looked over my work and said it gets serious from here, maybe you should consider changing. But that's just my experience. It doesn't have to be college. It could be anything. We're going to look at instead, don't worry about higher ed, this ed, certifications, none of that yet. So let's talk about conferences in general, and then we'll work our way into the levels we can go up, whether you're killing chickens out in the yard to get a few XP, or you are already at a point where you're trying to help contribute to the development or furthering of a conference in your local community. We're going to go through it. These arcs, as I was talking about are meant to kind of take us from drinking from the fire hose coming up to the part where we're actually trying to run the show and how to defend against the beast of burnout. So, you're watching this from Defcon safe mode, I'm going to at least hope. So this is, you know what a conference is, but a conference can be many things. I've heard people who have amazing stories of going to an in person event where it opened their eyes to lots of new things. But there are other stories where it didn't go so well. It depends on where you are, you might want to start in a local regional thing it could be as small as a meetup because there are so many different types of events, whether you want to go locally and look up to see if there are groups in town. I have had people approach me and ask, where am I supposed to go to do this. You're mentioning this go over here over. We don't I live in an area where we don't have anything. There are group sites like meetup or you could use the book of faces or you could use Twitter social media look for meetups in the name of your city or your town or your area code. It may take a little digging depending on where you live. I live in Texas right now. And there are a lot of different events they may not be close to me. But there are events and some of them they live stream but I wouldn't know if I didn't go and look it up. So I'm going to shill for a minute and say look for your local B sides events. They're fantastic ways to get your feet wet. In a way I almost think that the local meetups whether it's for lockpicking or hardware hacking or software reverse engineering, whatever the detail. They're great places to not only meet people who kind of think in the space you like to think in, but also a way to practice getting your ideas out and learning from others of course. And sometimes there just isn't anything really close by that does what you're looking to do. So it might be important to go out and get yourself stretched out, go out there and get in the car, or get on the bus, or however it works when there's not a pandemic. And travel to other events in other places if you can afford to do so. Got that cousin you haven't seen in a while. Maybe they've got a couch you could try out. Don't give up just because it isn't nearby. I'm not saying you are giving up. I'm saying this is kind of the mindset that has helped me along the way. One of the things I try to get into and learn about this industry that I accidentally fell face first into when I was trying to be a video producer back in the late 90s. So, it turns out that sometimes people will pay you for the thing you're good at, not what you want to be good at. If that makes any sense. I don't know what to look for. Anyway, sometimes there are just no substitutes for going to events that are specific to your interest. But maybe you don't know what that is. Just keep in mind there are specialized events. They will come up later, for sure. So, maybe you don't get to actually go when it's convenient maybe you're going to have to go over a weekend. I've worked some of these events go all the way through the weekend and people have asked, why would you do that? Why would you go do a work like thing on your time off? When you find your group, your tribe, your thing that you're that interested in, it won't be a challenge. It won't be a question. It will be that there are opportunities there and a chance to learn from other people that you respect or have a curiosity about. And it will no longer be one of those things where you're just looking at it from a time perspective or a cost perspective. Sometimes and most of the time it boils down to the relationships you make or build the connections you make the people you meet. And around rare occasion, the buffet or restaurant you found along the way. No, okay, maybe not. But some of us are led around. I didn't get into be in this shape without finding the food at least. The point is, there are events at these events sometimes inside the larger event. When we're looking at, hey, I want to go to this reverse engineering event, but it isn't just going to listen to people talk at you. Maybe, maybe you learn a different way. So maybe you prefer challenges. So there are events like capture the flag events, and you can go participate in their call the lot of different things. There are many events, whether it's a skills challenge that climbs the ladder, whether it's a cryptography challenge where you have to come out ahead first or come up with the right answers. Maybe it's a speed trial. Maybe it's a creative event where it's either story writing or making custom hardware working away it wasn't meant to. There are so many opportunities. There are reasons to get out of your shelf, excuse me, to get out from being by yourself out from behind the counter or desk. There are reasons to get out there and to go and engage, and we're going to talk about more of them. So let's think about when you first go, if you're going to your very first event, your level one, you've got a sword made of wood, and you can barely defeat the chicken or the cat in the backyard. If you're attacking the cat that's probably not a wise choice they come with knives, you know, but they, they are so many different things you can do but don't go alone. If you're going to your very first event I strongly encourage you to take a conference buddy, someone who's willing to go with you, even if they're not part of that industry, because it's good to be able to sort of cling to someone else, maybe because you want to pick and choose the different events to look at during the day. Maybe you want to share each other's experiences and talk about them, maybe there's someone you work with. And that's why we're going to go through these arcs at different approaches. Who does it benefit. See if we jump back half a second here, we're going to talk about how each of these things applies to the different use case. So, if you're at the end, you're going to have that tavern scene before the brawl breaks out. You're there with your conference buddy, I hope, and let's look at your support job maybe you're just starting out. And in this idea, I'm going to encourage you to get on some kind of social media don't necessarily post your picture, don't necessarily say all the things that come immediately into your head, realize social media is a two way street. If you're looking to figure out what's out there in your community and going on in your industry. I highly encourage you to get a social media account. Try out meet up for starters see what the local scene looks like. You don't necessarily have to pay but you will need to create an account and again this is leaving the comfort of the herd moment where it's time to start striking out a little bit and again that buddy is not a bad idea. If you're looking on Twitter or discord or slack or participate in Reddit, all of these different ways to connect. The thing is, each of them are their own chapter. So, you're going to need to spend a little time if you've never done it before. And if you really want to know, go and ask people who are already doing it, just to get an idea of how they approach it because you're going to want to, in my opinion, release as little personal information as possible. Especially in a day and time like now where potential employers are always looking at social media to see what image is being put forth of the person behind an account. So, keep in mind that try not to say anything you wouldn't say to someone you care about. Right. So, keep those things in mind or if, if you're an outspoken person that's your business. The point is realize that's there it's the internet it never goes away. So just keep in mind that whatever it is you're saying it's going to be there a while so try to be thoughtful about what gets put out there, but this is a prime way to go out there and see what's happening in the world. At this level, when you're kind of that level one level to startup account, human being, you're just happy to be on the show if you saw galaxy quest this is some place where you have to be careful about wandering monsters you may be eaten by a group. I am saying it's very easy to be distracted. And there are things happening out there that you may not be aware of. So, conference buddy, and then go and maybe think about sharing something you do, right, even if the presentations aren't your job or something that you would do normally. It might explain how something else gets done my very first experience at a besides in Las Vegas in 2011. And without anything I helped move some boxes turns out there was an opening in their AV team, and I sat through a track I wouldn't have selected for myself. I had no idea what this thing even was here I am sitting in this chapel in the back row with this camera and recording gear, but I learned some things just because I was able to sit through all these other talks. Open my eyes to so many things and ideas I didn't even think about. Now that's just me, you'll have your own experience, your mileage will vary. But this can help your career, you see, because this is part of a pattern that will repeat itself time and again. This is a breakdown to you, your management, the team you're on. And again, not all things to all people right, but I just want you to keep in mind, this has an impact it helps us grow. So, in your career, going around to the local events may help you learn the layout the lay of the land, if you will, about who's out there, what companies are in your neck of the woods, who visits, do they come often, do they come bearing treats. It may be a squishy ball thing with a face on it it could be software. It could be free training or an internship. These are all opportunities to bridge the gap between what companies want and what you offer. There are helpful things and again this is at the very beginning of the conference career. If you are already working, and you go to an event what does this mean for your management, your management may be interested in seeing what you did maybe, maybe and as my mentor has shared with me right up a trip report when you go to an event, sit down at the end of the day or even during the day, and get a break and just make a few notes about what you're learning what you're experiencing who did you meet. You're supposed to connect with them again later. You know, instead of live tweeting the thing, make a note on your own device and then at the end of the day you can go back and look. Oh, I forgot I also met this person over here in the food line and we were waiting to get half a burrito together. And it turns out they want to share some information because I'm learning how to code and they've been doing it for 20 years. It's not anything and it's important and don't discount that initial opportunity to make a connection. So, what does this mean for coworkers. If they hear that you're attending these events, they may either a want to go with you be might want to see if you brought back any good information or see maybe they're going to say oh what did you learn let me share something I was looking at it opens doors. It's a conversation. Everything in this life it seems is tied to that and this is no different, but the value to you is now you are going out and seeing something new. You're introducing yourself putting yourself in the path of discovering something that you didn't already know, or if you did know, maybe it fills in some blanks for you. Or again, if you look, yours, you have an opportunity to grow, even after that when people start to take notice, maybe offer to pick up work you wouldn't normally do in your office, offer to join a team or participate in a group event, because your intelligence alone isn't enough to save you. You can be the smartest person in the room, but without the understanding of when and where to apply that knowledge. It's not going to be as much help as it could be. And we all could stand to learn more. I know I could. So I chase it over and over again. And if you're still with me here. Cool story bro. Maybe that's what you're thinking because you don't know me. That's right. I don't know your situation. Everybody is going to be different. And that's okay. This isn't supposed to be tailor made for one I'm sharing experiences I've had so far, because this is what's gotten to me to where I am. And so far, it seems like we all suffer from imposter syndrome at one point or another, where we're not quite sure if we're good enough to do the thing we're doing. Or at any given moment, someone will see through us and realize fake person doesn't know it. They shouldn't be doing this, or someone comes at you that way in any other direction. And it sticks with you and choose at you while you're going and eating takeout and quietly scarfing things and watching the TV show. Wait, that was just me. Sorry. Whatever your situation. It, we all fight with it. So how do we move past it. You step up you go further you have to push through and defeat your personal level boss, and move on to specialization. By the way, that that time where you were in the jumper back there and the first arc is a starting out person. That's not there's no given timeframe that could be six months it could be six years. Everyone is different, the people in your life are different. You have to keep pushing to get to the next level. You may even have to back up and redirect. But don't give up, because now let's imagine you've been going to events for a little while. You've gone to a besides you traveled out of town for a bigger event, maybe some name brand something, all kinds of events exist. Some don't anymore. We exist in a special time right now. Use this time to go and start watching videos at virtual events, just like this one. One's in other cities and other continents, because now is an amazing time to connect with people you might not otherwise get to meet or learn from, because conferences are a great way to come together and learn new things. So here in the specialization arc. Now is the time that after you've done a few things. Maybe you start realizing there are specific things you're interested in learning things you want to do. And now you can start ticking off the boxes in the online schedule for that event, because you only want to learn about butter sculpture so you look for all the events that have butter sculpture in the name. And you are going to look at the one where the person's using the razor blade and carving very tiny intricate things and the one with the chainsaw, who is making baby Yoda out of butter fat. You never know the point is that when you start to narrow your specialization and figure out what it is that interests you, it changes the way you attend an event. And at larger more nationally attended events, there's a much broader cross section, right, you're going to have different people coming to present. It is not to invalidate the people you met before. It is simply to say that you can get more ideas because if you go to all the meetups and all the things in your local community, maybe you've heard it a little bit. And now you're looking for another perspective. The other thing is, while you can go and much of the events that you go to when you travel, when we get back to that seems to be tied up in the talks. I mean, it started to become less about the talks and presentations that way. It became more about the side long events, the, the villages, the meetups, the impromptu get togethers. And those things suddenly became where I connected more with the people who were at the event, then going to talks alone. And that changed. I guess it changed actually my perspective on why I was going. And that's just me, because to me growth personally means connecting with people who either share and help me grow or I can give something back to in return. So let's go back to not forgetting to bring a conference buddy at a larger event it's even more important, whether you're meeting up with someone from another locale who's coming to where you're going to be. So why not leave on the mission alone if you can help it because it helps to be together, and it takes time to find a tribe. It took me goodness, it took me years. I felt, I feel now like I'm part of a much larger group of people who are all about learning and sharing and growing. I make it sound incredibly idealistic, not all moments, but most of them, a lot of good ones, whether you're coming together to raise money for a charity somewhere else, or you're just trying to learn how to do Python together. It's worth it. And so sometimes it takes multiple years also to find either the tribe, or to stop drinking from the fire hose and figure out that thing that really drives you. But now that you've gone to these bigger events. Where is the value, the value to management now they're going to hope that you're bringing ideas back. Did you write that personal trip report when you went to the first and smaller events. Well now it will seem like second nature when you hit the big events, because now you're almost dialoguing with yourself. Now I talked to myself an awful lot I don't recommend it for everyone, but people have come to expect it from me. The point is whether your monologue is internal or external, having a log of where you've been who you talk to and what you learned will help you keep track of where you are on your journey, and maybe even setting up personal tools to measure where you feel you are, and where you want to go, there must be an opportunity there because management is going to see that that's going to look like getting your act together and management will maybe offer you the opportunity to collaborate with other teams. Don't miss out on those group opportunities. They may be painful and frustrating, but they're in lies growth and partnership and advancement. And that's not to be missed. There are some amazing opportunities out there, because your coworkers are going to see that you're coming back with this stuff. You will have access to new people, the presenters, right. You'll be seeing new people you'll be talking about new things. There are so many opportunities to just share something and partner. I've seen a couple of great opportunities because of my own imposter syndrome, right at the very beginning of my journey, because I felt like I would be taking away from the voice of the person who had a clue, because I know I didn't feel like I had one. So, give yourself a break. But also, if you go to these events and you feel that self doubt chewing at you know that everyone else is going through it to maybe even the person standing up at the podium. I'll tell you to you at this arc, when we're not drinking from the fire hose we're specializing stay connected to people on social media begin to build your interconnected network of people. And by doing that I mean just be a human being to other people actually get out there get on social media see what's going on in the world. Oh wait I saw an article about this thing that the person I follow was talking about. You can share it with them. Ask if they've seen it before. Try to watch as you ask questions don't present like you know everything. I know I've stepped in a few times and had to go wash my shoes off of the hose. It's going to happen. It just does, but realize that there's chance to be and grow in part or in whole as part of a community. That's amazing give yourself time to grow give yourself a chance to learn these things and it may not come again on any particular timetable that we want or desire. There's a larger picture here. You are drafting your great novel of your career path and conferences can be a part of that because the people you meet along the way will contribute to these chapters. I think it's hilarious that you're going to tell me to go do all this stuff and get out there and go out and do all these things. You don't know what I'm going through. I face all these issues. My butter sculpture is melting in the backyard right now you lunatic and while I'm listening to you. I'm not out there, tending the garden or fixing this up or the milk is curdling or whatever. No, I can't possibly know that, unless we interact. And then it takes time and effort to stay connected. And we can't give up just because things get bad or ugly, because they will, because life isn't easy, but we can take it and we can turn it and push it through our imposter syndrome because there it is again. Right as you've gone out and you said wow I've had a great time at this event, and you come back with your little trip report you wrote up and someone says, that's terrific while you're off partying the rest of us were here working. After you pull up that trip report and say actually, John Bob Sally Sue's Chrissy, whatever your name is. Here's what I was doing I actually got to meet these people and do these things. Whatever I do I don't know if you have a personal life Sally Sue Johnny Bravo, Samson, but it's not all fun and games. There will be moments of levity goodness I hope so. But there are also lots of times of learning and growing together. So let's say you're on to the third arc, the prestige class, you now have a fancy hat and maybe some things epilots on your shoulder, a little pin here who knows, maybe you have a custom patch you wear, because you are have reaching out to the prestige class level. You have now taken it to the point where you have gone and absorbed. The montage has passed and now it's further along you maybe have a little great your temple. Who knows. The point is you're at a level where you can turn around and start sharing what you've learned. Maybe you've attended a lot of these events and you said you know what I actually feel pretty good about my knowledge of sculpting icing into small animals that I now will wrap around mechanized zoids that will now walk. Now go and tell people about this. Well, it turns out there's lots of things you know that others may not know. It's your turn to start sharing that information. And it's not going to be an easy road necessarily. Maybe you were the class clown and maybe getting up in front of people was easy for you. Not so for a lot of folks right. Some people I think would much rather pull their own teeth out with the back bumper of a vehicle than try to get up in front of someone and share an idea, like we're doing right here. But it's worth it because it might be a progression. Okay, so go and watch stand up comedians if you don't now and learn or or if you really have no idea where to start with public speaking. There's a group called the Toastmasters. Now this is an entire subculture. Okay, they exist they're larger than any Def Con, or B sides, or any one group. There are thousands of these chapters around the world. And they have their own competitions, and they will help harden you prepare you start you out and understanding for how public speaking works. It's valuable. It is amazing. And it's really quite humbling because they have their own competitions their own ladders to climb but it helps explain how public speaking works, and gives you the tools to put in your backpack to bring with you to conferences, so that it isn't the scariest thing you've ever done. So that's actually worth it. Again, Toastmasters, please take an opportunity if you're going to learn to present and check out the local groups in your area. I can almost guarantee you, there are several, wherever you are. And I mean that that's not just where I live. I mean, the chapters are amazing. So grab your hairbrush get in front of that mirror and start talking about what. As a friend recently shared the presentation that only you can give. If you spend 80 hours a week brushing dogs, then that's what you're going to make your first talk about, because that's what you know. Get it down figure out how to tell your story. And if you can put up with it, I highly encourage you to record yourself doing it. Get in front of the mirror go through it the first time. This is going to take some time and effort, but you have to record it so you can go back and look at what you've done. You have to be able to get back and examine and look for the nervous tick you didn't know you had. You have to work on correcting it step at a time, whether it's trying to bite your nails on stage, or it's perhaps adding ums, how many ums have I had in this presentation today. How many times did I stop cough or blink oddly have I constantly rubbed at my eye with this finger, whatever your situation is, it'll come out when you see the recording. Now, always bring a video adapter with you. This is one of my little top tips because I've worked AV for events. The expectation is always going to be that when you get there, there is only going to be a live chicken and a small old bowl of oatmeal. So if you can bring anything with you that will help the situation. I encourage you to do so. That means having your laptop, having your laptop with a connector that can send video out. And also having your presentation, not only on the laptop, but on a thumb drive that you have brought with you and is in your personal possession, maybe touching your body somewhere. Beyond that, I'm also going to encourage you and say it again, bring the video adapter that goes with your laptop and has at least two kinds of output on it, at least two kinds of output, because sometimes you get on site and there isn't. It's the same projector you worked with at home. Or your laptop doesn't work well with it, but they maybe can have a presenter laptop on hand for you. So you whip out the thumb drive. Or if all else fails, you keep a backup also in your cloud that you can then download to your local device and share using a local connection kind of technology. So what this is, you need backups, folks, backups of all things. If there's a carbon copy behind over here, that would be awesome because it'd be great because I need them to go and fold the laundry right now. If you can have a backup for you at your presentation time, have it, especially do you do demos. Do you like to try and invoke crazy moments of random when you try to open something that worked five minutes ago but now you're live and on air. And you don't have something that plays. I'm telling you, you got to get out there, but you got to go prepared. So please pre record your demos, just in case it's easier to run a video than to stand there and dry wash your hands in front of people. Now, when you're going to do it, you've got to go and prepare yourself for rejection. I know that sounds tough. And it kind of is. But it's worth it because you have to audition in a sense and it's called the CFP or call for presentation and every conference will have a different process. It might be helpful to go and look online for conferences in your part of the world. For example, if I go and look for information security conferences, North America. I've been able to locate schedules that include not only the name of conferences that are coming up, but also when their submission times are and when they wrap. Someone has a heart for this there, there are folks who have a passion for helping others to share their ideas. And since that's what we're about right now, go for it. You can choose to do it locally practice at your local meetup event, but then take that show on the road, go do it. Your confidence will come through to the audience. But, okay, so why am I doing that. Why would I go and put myself through all of this stress and singing into a hairbrush and why would I go to all this trouble because it adds value to who you are, and what your contribution can be conferences can inform our self confidence, because now if we imagine that this is easier. It's not to my boss and my boss makes me nervous. I just got up this weekend and presented in front of 100 people, a thousand people, 10 people, whatever it was. And isn't this easier now because you've done that. Sure, you know this person doesn't necessarily have a response but you didn't get boot off stage did you. No, you made it through and if you did get boot off stage. That's okay that that colors things into. That would have sucked sorry, but come back from it anyway. The ability to present is an essential part of communication, whether you're pitching ideas in an elevator, or you are trying to share about a report that comes out every week. If you get up to share about that report in your group or in your team meeting, you will have learned or taken something away, whether that informs your ability to present an event, or your presentations and an event help inform your internal confidence. It is so worthwhile to management because you're going to go and say, I can do, I can do this thing. So if you find that if your boss or your team sees that you can now present and they start pushing you out there. Try not to outshine the top dog in your community, because it's about showing respect as well as having the ability to represent. So, again, if you're really good at it, just try not to show up other people be respectful of what they're doing and what they're there to do for you and what you're doing for your team. Learning to speak will help yourself confidence and it will help on very tough situations like job interviews, which are very much like presentations because that's the dog and pony moment isn't it. Your resume is the only place where you will ever be this perfect ever. By the way, if you haven't taken advantage of it. I hope you stopped and take advantage of the opportunity for live resume review that may be going on right now. And if it happened in the past, go look for it in a future event and look for career tracks and opportunities to have someone help you examine a third person an outside party to take a look at that resume to make sure that you're polishing it the right way to make sure your tone and your story is getting told in the best way it possibly can, because getting back to it presenting at conferences puts you into a whole new group of people, the actual presenters and they will grow as part of your personal network just like you are becoming part of theirs. It can allow for opportunities to bounce ideas off of someone in your field or in a different field. Maybe you get to learn more about their story, and they can definitely help you polish up yours. This. This has actually been one of the best experiences I've had where I've been able to communicate and connect with someone I met and another event. And we share ideas when trying to come up with new talks, and they're hopefully going to be honest with you. And because they do it. They're hopefully thinking in a way that supports you as well. But that's just me talking right cool story bro. You don't know I have crippling anxiety. I have a missing left arm and if you do more power to you, because you're awesome and you get through the day and you do what needs to be done. Those who make it happen make it happen. You are going to be one of those people. If you can right. You can make advantage of the opportunities in front of you and go for it. I don't know you. You don't necessarily know me, but I know we all deal with imposter syndrome. See here we are again at that level boss I'm terrified of getting in front of people what if they, what if I stutter. What if I trip up what if I say something what if I drop the microphone. What if I literally trip on stage, you get up, dust yourself off, you say excuse me. And you pick it back up. I started out very early on being very filled with anxiety and nervous, and I showed many personal things I thought that would lighten the mood, which turned out not to necessarily be the greatest thing to do during the presentation. So if I can encourage you, wiggle your toes. Be serious when you're standing up in front of people, wiggle your toes. Those of you wearing open toed shoes this may not be for you. However, wiggle your toes like mad. Why, if you like to podium dance, you have a thing you like to do, and you don't know that you're doing it, and it kind of can get distracting from your topic. You can do it with your toes. And I mean, like go crazy with the wiggling, because what it does is it puts all that nervous energy away from where people are looking. Now me, I talk a lot with my hands, I try to keep it down, but it's just kind of a thing. A friend used to joke that if they handcuffed me hands behind my back, I might not be able to talk and I think they're right. So if you're standing up in front of people, if you wiggle your toes you'll find that it takes some of that nervous energy and puts it somewhere else, and it's not a distraction for you or others. And it lets you get on with the thing where you can start the fourth arc. Now, now you've arrived. You are going to turn the tables because you've obviously lost your mind because you're going to try to put on an event. When you get to this level, giving back to the community becomes an important mission of its own. Seek partnerships, because that's what happened to me. I started to go out and present and share a little bit here and there and then realize there was an opportunity in my local community in San Antonio, in San Antonio, Texas. I've been here 30 years. I got to tell you something. This has been one of the most rewarding reasons to stick around is being able to help other people to find their career path, whether they're at the very beginning, or getting ready to retire, finding people who are willing to share their ideas give of their time. It's very rewarding. It is, however, a little maddening because at this point it could open doors to bigger things at work. Once people see that you're starting to organize a group, or they hear that you're putting on an event, and it gets known, you may be asked to present about that, or how the organization supported it. There are many, many opportunities, but don't miss out on them. And just because you participate in the operation of an event or a meetup, it does not necessarily mean the same thing as business management, by the way. Herding cats and herding cats. There are different kinds, just like there are many kinds of cats, there are many types of managing management. So it's easy for this to get confused, but it can still provide value. And it can take longer than you think to get it right. The very first B side San Antonio I helped with, I was like the number three person, and then a few years go by and I'm asked, given the opportunity. And I had to take it. It's not easy, but now you're looking at a whole new kind of value to bring to the team because you can now build contacts. You can leverage your coordination skills. Ask for help. It's easier than you think, and much harder than you think. But asking for help is important, because otherwise, it's very easy to sink. And whether or not try to test those waters. So, so be honest with yourself when there's a problem. And be thankful. Oh, so thankful for willing partners. What I mean by be thankful is tell them you appreciate them. Let them know that that thing they just did that rock they moved out of your way that you could not move. Let them know you appreciate it. Do not wait. Send them a thank you note. Send them send them something edible that works for their digestive tract. That's a silly way to say that. But you get the idea. Be appreciative. Remember, this doesn't happen without the help of other people. So there are all new challenges when you get to the fourth arc by the way. Marketing budgeting planning skills I never really knew I had, they're going to come up and you must learn to work with your volunteer army, all of this to tell you. That each of these steps along the way, you have to work with other people and resolve on the fly sometimes. But that's a fun story because I'm not even I'm not I have an internship I don't even have that I'm just trying to decide if I need to go for a degree plan or if I need to get a certification. Because you don't know what I'm going through right now you don't know how hard it is. I can barely put food on the table I'm supposed to go and help someone else learn how to start a career path. You'd be surprised. And you will. If you get off that wall, get out of the chair get off the couch and get engaged. Because even though I had massive imposter syndrome, trying to operate beside San Antonio. We had a very successful year this year, not because of me. Yes, I play my part, but everyone from our sponsorship team to our events team, AV folks, everybody, even our ombudsman. And you can ask the organizer of this village about the ombudsman should you be curious what that's about. The point is, there are so many ways that we can overcome this, if we try. And all of this work, all of this effort, all of these things that we try to do. We must be where the beast of burnout when you are done so done. How done are you, everything stresses you out. There's nothing that could bring you back from the edge. You cannot even imagine getting up and doing the thing again, whatever it is. This is the time to take a well earned break. Take a step back. I don't know if you've ever had one but I have days where all technology feels like it has turned against me. I don't know what happens but it's like I could pick up a small plastic object and it would snap in half just by me touching it and oh, if it's one of those days maybe it's time to take a step back and read a book or go for a walk or something. Get away from it for a while but then when you come back, look and see what it is that got you interested in the first place. What was it that sparked your interest or gave you the drive to do this? And we go back to the art of noise story from the beginning. I did not like the Yes album 90125 and I went out of my way to ignore it and push all of that stuff away for years. 15, 20 years passes and I go back and read an article out of one of those where are they now magazines or retrospectives about a band. And the article mentions how there was a major change in what they were doing and how they partnered with a specific group of people during the time because yes as a band failed. Someone else came in a new vector came in and they partnered with someone. It changed everything about that band and gave them another 25 years of life. Why? Because just like burnout when it's something has run its course and you're not sure why you're doing it anymore. There is benefit to be had by going back and reexamining what it was that got you started or read into the very thing that sparked your interest to begin with and see if anything new has come up. It can take you down another road a new path and open all new doors, inform something you thought you knew for a long time as a held belief, and maybe that fundamentally changes for you and changes you in the process. So that reflection can change so much about you because at the end of the day we need each other right. I mean everybody who even people who don't like other people need someone to tell that to. Okay, and because I firmly believe this and sounding boards are really helpful you've got to be able to share your ideas and figure out where things fit and honest feedback makes everything better as hard as it can be sometimes. You know, the baby's ugly. Yes, I'm sorry I have to be the one to tell you. So, fine. That's all easy for me to say right. But I'm here to tell you that if the underperforming kid in seventh grade who went on his lunch and hit out in the AV room and enjoyed rolling the cart into the classroom with the film strip projector and being the kid who could turn the thing that boop meant to turn the knob. If you can be that guy and end up where I am now. Oh my goodness. I don't know any way better than that to tell you. This is something you can do. This is something you can actually do. You have to be able to break your own mold and move past it we just put on a B side San Antonio that blew away all of my hour expectations right. Over 1000 people we had people participating from six countries. I didn't expect that. But you can't expect it, but you should try for it. So that's what we're here to do. Cool story bro. You don't know me. I'm fighting my own imposter syndrome on my own battles. But that's the point. We're here to build a community and let's try to build it together and make it better. I very much appreciate your time and your ears and your eyes. And I hope you enjoy the rest of your day. And thank you. I hope you have a great time checking out the rest of the career hacking village and Defcon safe mode. Thank you very much. I am sciatic nerd. Even thank you so much. I really appreciate you sharing how you've woven your career throughout all of the career, all the conferences that you've attended and produced and it's a really great roadmap for everyone in their careers. I know everyone's going to be looking forward to asking you questions in the discord channel. And as you mentioned, we do also have resume review going on and career coaching just ping us in the career channel, and we'll be able to tell you where there it is. Take care everyone enjoy the rest of the conference.

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W, 03/20/24 - 2024 TOPPS UFC CHROME 2-BOX BREAK #3 *RANDOM DIVISION*

* JOIN our group breaks on https://JaspysCaseBreaks.com/ * WATCH seven nights a week! Some nights will feature a LATE NITE! * VISIT our 3,000 sq. ft. shop at 1402 Pacific Coast Highway, Hermosa Beach, CA! - Open M-Sa from 11a - 6p - Open Sunday by appointment - We're following all Covid-19 safety protocols for your safety and ours! :) * FOLLOW us on Twitter and Instagram @JaspysBreaks https://twitter.com/JaspysBreaks https://instagram.com/JaspysBreaks * THANK YOU for watching and subscribing! * CONTACT us via the "Support" button on JaspysCaseBreaks.com * FAQ here: https://jaspyscasebreaks.com/a/faq

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Hi everyone, Joe for Jasper's Case Breaks.com coming at you with a two box break of the brand new TOPS Chrome UFC featuring a box of breakers Delight and a box of hobby and we're going by division here There's nine divisions that we got right there All card ship big things to this group for making it happen. There are the divisions right there Let's roll it randomize it three or two five times each one two three four five Joe down to Darren and Then three and a two five times the divisions one two three four and five Got men's middleweight down to men's featherweight all the other divisions in between All right, Joe with the men's middleweight SKS Steve with Stephen with men's heavyweight Simon you got women's flyweight Straw weight straw weight and Banton weight Darren with men's light heavyweight Simon with men's Banton weight Darren with Welterweight Joe with men's lightweight SKS men's flyweight and Darren with men's featherweight Let's alphabetize these and We'll pause video just for a little moment when we come back We'll see if there's any trades and then we will have the brakes stick around be right back All right, welcome back everybody know a little bit of trade chatter But in the end no deals were done. So this list right here remains the same. Thanks everyone for getting in Appreciate you here break number three break number four is in the store right now If you want to get a head start on that and rip another two boxes So here's the stack of breakers delight that Jason popped open a little bit earlier today So I will we'll select a column and then we'll select an individual box We'll go one one two three for the left side then we'll go one two three four five And it's three one two three Then we'll take these away Yes, actually, I think there's a lot under the time All right, so we'll go one two three for the left side four five six for the right side It's one left side Scoot these away here now from top to bottom We'll go one two three four five and Then it's three again two threes in a row right. Good luck everybody Yeah, I got I got this last weekend Whether it's getting a tiny bit warmer here Yeah, it makes sense right? Yeah, why I think I think any employee of Major League Baseball, you don't you don't want them betting on baseball games if the guy had access to an injury report 30 minutes before The public knew that could be actionable information I Think maybe even any employee even loosely associate the Major League Baseball. It's probably probably rules there as well All right, I know very little about the UFC world So you're gonna have to signal to me if if whatever hit I pull if any are Good or not UFC fans not look at the box. What are we expecting out of this here? Two chrome autographs per box on average and then in the breakers or light should be a few no two in there as well And then six chrome refractors. All right. All right. Good luck everybody And there's our first autograph future stars Alex Perera I suppose but I don't I don't think a lot of MLB employees are really interacting You know like dodge the Dodgers Front offices or employees aren't really interacting too much with the Rams front office. There's not a lot of crossover there Just because they're in the same city, they're not like bumping into each other and being like hey, give me some information There's a yadong song song Purple that's not numbered. Oh by the way, this is a middleweight. That's gonna go to Joe Lawson with men's middleweight. There's Paul Rosas I think I've heard of a man in Nunez Here's song again 94 out of 299 He is a bantam weight 5 8 1 1 35 5 8 1 35 seems seems very lean You think you don't think dodgers are trying to leak or something about what what would they talk about? Here's Alexander Volkov 67 out of 150 I mean baseball front offices rarely talk to their own baseball other baseball front offices There's a lot of loyalty that's happening there. There's a Caitlyn Sermonara 87 out of 99 just everyday stuff No, and There's Holly Holmes our second autograph That will be for Simon. You know most of those front offices are pretty pretty insular anyway There might be some shop talk during like the winter meetings and stuff like that, but I think In the off season, but during the season you don't want you don't want any fear of Revealing team secrets or anything like that during the course of the regular season So and there's really nothing Assistant GM calling up Rob Blinka just say hi For the Lakers probably not. I wouldn't imagine And here is a speckle. Yeah, you're Rodriguez featherweight to 299 that'll be for Darren All right, that was the first box Here is the breakers the light box It's more likely that the two teams medical staffs might Consult with each other at some point if there's like someone's like oh, hey There's the guy in the Lakers that used to specialize in knee stuff. Maybe I'll call him up I think that like that might be a more common occurrence Here's our two autographs. We've got Paul Rosas future stars That's gonna be Gonna be a bantam weight that it will be for Simon And our second autograph is Jalen Turner light weight That's gonna go to Joe Lawson No reaction from the chat. So I'm assuming these players these fighters are not super desirable But we got another two-box break loaded up. There's will go it even off 201 out of 299 heavyweight that'll go to SKS There's Cyril gain heavyweight also for Steven 001 out of 150 blue parallel Dan Hooker lightweight that's gonna be for Joe to 299 speckle and some more fractures There you go gang more UFC in the store just dropped today. I May not know a lot about UFC, but I do know that these sets are not super common Right UFC product in general so the secondary market could be pretty strong for for the right fighters. There you go gang I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye. Bye

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Week 4: Lecture 19: Life at low reynolds number

Lecture 19: Life at low reynolds number

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So, what we are doing is this the Navier-Stokes equation right. So, we derive the Navier-Stokes equation last class which was del v del t plus p dot del v is equal to minus 1 by rho gradient of the pressure plus eta by rho plus plus v plus whatever body force is there right like gravity or whatever. So, today what we look at is we will try to solve this in one or two simple cases. We leave the complicated cases for later, but before I do that I just want to say about a couple of limits of this equation. So, this is the full Navier-Stokes. So, this is Navier-Stokes remember for an incompressible fluid for an incompressible fluid otherwise we will have another second derivative term and Newtonian fluid. So, one of the limits that is one of the limits of this equation is when you have a fluid with no viscosity. So, eta is equal to 0 which is the inviscid limit this is called the inviscid limit. So, this term sort of drops out right and things like super fluid helium and so on come under this limit. The other limit which is what we will be focusing on is this limit of low Reynolds number this. So, once we have taken out the eta from this equation this is called the Euler equation I think yeah this is called the Euler equation. The other limit is low Reynolds number or Stokes flow where I say that I neglect the inertial terms which means I neglect this v dot del v and I work in the stationary limit which means I neglect this del v del t right. So, this is low Reynolds number plus stationary quasi stationary and then the only terms that survive are these terms on the right hand side which means that this then gives me the equation that gradient of p is equal to eta Laplacian of v plus whatever body forces that you have. So, if I can neglect the inertial terms in this equation remember my Reynolds number was a measure of how strong my inertial forces were compared to my viscous forces inertial forces compared to my viscous forces and if this Reynolds number is very small which means that the inertial forces are negligible compared to the viscous forces I neglect these inertial terms in the equation and then what I get is these terms on the right hand side which means that my Navier-Stokes equation now reduces to this equation which is called the Stokes equation and the nice thing about this equation is that unlike this full Navier-Stokes this is a linear equation. I have gotten rid of the non-linear term this v dot del v right which was the main problem in solving them which is the main problem in solving the Navier-Stokes. So, once you have neglected that this is now a linear equation and you can often write down solutions depending on the geometry or at least similarly. So, when we talk of lower Reynolds number physics the hydrodynamics is sort of governed effectively not by the full Navier-Stokes, but by this limiting case of the Stokes equation. So, this is the equation that is more relevant for biological flows mostly. Now, there is a different there is a different way I can arrive at the Stokes equation. So, here I arrive by neglecting the neglecting these inertial terms, but I can arrive at it at a different way which is this case of one dimensional flows. This is case of one dimension which means that let us say I have a velocity vector which has my three components v x v y v z. For a one dimensional flow only one of these velocity components will be there right. So, if it is along a pipe or something the fluid is just flowing in one dimension which means that this v y is equal to v z is equal to 0. So, if you have a flow like this only v x is there then we can see what that says for the full Navier-Stokes equation. So, if I still say that my fluid is incompressible which means that divergence of v is equal to 0 right. That means is that del v x divergence is del v x del x plus del v y del y plus del v z del z equal to 0 right. Now, because this is a one dimensional flow v y and v z are not there right. So, therefore, the v x is not a function of x del v x del x is equal to 0 which means that v x is some function of y and z only. Now, if you work out this term this v dot del v. So, if I now work out v dot del. So, this is my inertial term v dot del v v dot del is v x del del x plus v y del del y plus v z del del z operating on the full vector v which is this v x of y z x cap right. What will this give me? 0 ok. So, for this case for this case for one dimensional flow explicitly this inertial term drops out. So, therefore, if you are looking in the stationary limit where this del v del t also you can neglect this one dimensional flow reduces back to the Stokes equation where you just have this gradient of p plus eta Laplacian of v plus body force is equal to 0. So, this is true therefore, for general flows in the low Reynolds number. So, a general low Reynolds number flow, low RE flow or a strictly 1D flow. In both cases the Navier Stokes equation reduces to the Stokes equation where you have got in rid of the non-linear term. To do this the canonical example is sort of the Spiesoli flow. So, we can just quickly work that out. So, the idea is this that we will look at fluid flows inside a tube ok with some velocity. And one of the cases where you might imagine this is relevant in biology flows like this through tubes is for example, blood flow through capillaries. So, blood generally flows through all these arteries, veins, capillaries and so on. If you look at all these sort of vessels the diameters of these would be in the ranges of a few microns, 2, 3 microns ranging up to for the major blood vessels up to few centimeters. So, these of course, these are branched networks and so on. But if you look at a small segment of this network that is like blood which that is blood which is flowing through this parallel tube of some diameter microns or whatever ok. So, that is the sort of biological picture that we have in mind. So, this we can solve using the Stokes equation and we can see at least what. So, this has many sort of approximations, but even within those approximations we can try and see what it tells us a little bit. So, here is the idea. So, this is I will assume that so, blood is a Newtonian fluid I will assume that blood is a Newtonian fluid with viscosity eta and density rho. This is not true blood is not Newtonian, one can do stress strain measurements and show that blood is not Newtonian fluid, but let us make this assumption since that is what we can do little bit analytically. It is not too bad at least it will give us a sense of how bad it how bad this approximations. So, this is my assumption one that I will assume that blood is a Newtonian fluid and secondly, I will assume that this blood vessel is a pipe blood vessel is a straight pipe of diameter D. So, in principle of course, capillaries or whatever will be will be flexible. So, they can be some shape I will just assume for the time being that these are straight pipes. So, what I want to solve is this Navier-Stokes equation and I need a boundary condition. So, I will use the no slip boundary condition no slip boundary condition which means that the velocity at the walls of the pipe the velocity of the fluid or blood at these walls the walls of the pipe is going to be 0. So, this is fluid velocity is 0. So, that is that and so, let me draw this a little better. So, here is my blood vessel it is a cylinder like this of some length let us say L ok and some diameter D. Let us say there exists some pressure difference of delta P between the 2 ends of the pipe. So, this is the pressure difference between the 2 ends of the pipe this pressure difference competing with viscosity is what causes the flow. So, this is basically P 0 minus P L and my blood is flowing let us say in this direction and let us say this is my z axis. So, my velocity the fluid velocity vector that has only a component along the z axis and if you think about the symmetry of the problem the cylindrical symmetry the magnitude of the velocity can only depend on the distance from these walls. So, it can only depend on this radial distance from the walls. So, this is r equal to 0 this is r equal to d by 2. So, this is the form of my velocity vector V of r in this travelling in the z gap ok. And let us say that I only I want to look again at steady state solutions. So, I want to look at steady state solutions. So, del V del d in the Navier stokes is 0. I know that again because this is a one dimensional flow my inertial term will also drop out. So, V dot del V is equal to 0. So, what I will solve there are no other external forces. So, the equation that I need to solve is gradient of P is equal to eta Laplacian of P ok. So, this is the setup of the problem. It is a standard problem in fluid mechanics pipe flow we will just adapt it or not even adapt it. We will do it with the background of this sort of blood flow through capillaries at the back of our mind. So, when we put in some numbers we will put in numbers that are for this viscosity diameter whatever we will put in numbers that are that correspond to this sort of capillary blood viscosity and so on and then see what that tells us ok. So, the obvious choice is to work in cylindrical coordinates right because the problem has cylindrical symmetry. So, the gradient of P in cylindrical coordinates is r hat del P del r plus theta hat 1 by r del P del theta plus z z hat del P del z and the Laplacian the z component of the Laplacian is del 2 v z del r 2 plus 1 by r square del 2 v z del theta 2 plus del 2 v z del z 2 plus 1 by r del v z del r. So, this if you go back to your curvilinear coordinates the cylindrical coordinates and check this should be the z component of the Laplacian. This term does not is not there because v is a function of r only this term is also not there these terms are not there which means that if I substitute this gradient of P and eta Laplacian of P the equation sort of reduces to del P del z is equal to eta into. So, let me bring the eta this side del 2 v z del r 2 plus 1 by r del v z del r. So, this is the equation that I need to solve this two terms I can just combine and write as 1 by r del del r r v z you can integrate. So, this is the equation that I need to this is what the Navier stokes equation reduces to for this pipe flow within this assumptions. You can solve this differential equation. So, you can integrate directly once with respect to z and twice with respect to r right there are two derivatives of r. So, if you for example, integrate with respect to z over the length of the pipe this will just give you delta P right the difference in pressure between the two ends over here and on the right hand side you will get a L basically which is the length of the pipe and then you can integrate twice with respect to r. So, just do this I will write down the solution ok. So, you can solve for this v z of r or v of r. So, you can check. So, this is minus delta P the difference in pressure divided by the viscosity into the length of the pipe r square by 4 minus c 1 log of r plus c 2. So, you can check this and substitute back and check that this is the correct solution. So, now I need to find out this constants which means I need to apply the boundary conditions. So, I have one boundary condition here what other thing can I use right remember this is my radial axis this is 0 this is d by 2 at the surface so what can I say about this constants c 1 and c 2. So, that is 1 because v at d by 2 is equal to 0 that is 1, but I have two constants. So, I need to use something else what other thing can I use maximum velocity maximum velocity at the center ok. So, what would I write for the mathematically v at r equal to 0 is v max something like that, but then this you do not know right. So, you are just introducing another constant into the system as such it instead of c 1 c 2 1 you can get rid of by using this. The other instead of writing c you would write in terms of v max it is true, but you have not you have to evaluate that. What else can you use? c 1 is equal to 0, why c 1 equal to 0 right. So, if you put r equal to 0 which is the center of the pipe this term blows up right which is not physically possible you need to have some velocity. So, the fact that this thing is some finite number implies that c 1 is equal to 0 and now you can put this other condition v is equal to d by 2. So, let me get rid of that term. So, this term is not there anymore. So, now we can put r equal to d by 2 and at that the velocity goes to 0 which gives you c 2. So, what is c 2? Yes. So, this comes out to be delta p by 4. So, 4 eta l d square by 4. So, c 2 comes out to be d square by 16. So, if you put that in this is the velocity profile which as you say does indeed have a maximum when you put r equal to 0 the magnitude of that maximum velocity is delta p by 4 pi eta l sorry 4 eta l d square by 4 and of course, by construction when you put r equal to d by 2 this velocity goes to 0. So, the profile looks like that of this pipe flow at the walls it is lowest. So, there is no flow at the walls it is maximum along the axis of the cylinder this is called persuading flow ok. So, this is my velocity profile profile like this along this is alright. So, now, if I say that let us calculate a few now that I have the velocity I can try to characterize it in different ways. So, for example, I could ask that what is the average fluid velocity across the cross section. So, what is the average fluid velocity across the cross section which means that I need to take the average. So, v average across this cross section is this v of r into 2 pi r d r right r going from 0 to d by 2 divided by pi r square. So, pi d square by 4. So, this is right this is the average fluid velocity over the cross section v r 2 pi r d r divided by the cross section over here. So, if you put it in this v of r and you do this integration this is an easy enough integration you put in the limits again I will just write down the answer this comes out to be the pressure difference times d square by 32 beta l this is the average fluid velocity. You can also ask what is called as the flow rate or the volumetric flow rate. What is the volumetric flow rate which is the amount of fluid flowing through a cross section of the area per unit time volumetric flow rate and that is just that is called q and that is just this let us say this average velocity across the cross section into the cross sectional area. So, pi d square by 4 which therefore, comes out to be pi delta p d to the power of 4 by 32 into 4. This is the amount of fluid that flows past a cross sectional area per unit time. The thing to sort of note is that this is proportional to the fourth power of the diameter or the radius of this pipe that you are flowing through. So, this is Poisson's result actually very famous result in flow flows, but if you think about in the context of blood flows for example, what it says is that very small changes in your diameter or the radius of the capillary that you are flowing blood through can impact this flow rate by a large amount right. This goes proportional to the fourth power of the so, if you have a blood capillary and where your blood is flowing and you have some plaque deposition or something which reduces the effective radius of these tubes that effect even if it is a very small change in the radius. So, if you have a capillary and you have some deposition in this even if this amount of change is not a lot sorry this reduction in the radius is not a lot that affects the flow rate sort of disproportionately because of this decreases this flow rate significantly ok. So, what I wanted to do was to take this result which is the standard result and just put in some numbers and see what sort of velocities I get in the context of blood flow. So, let me say I take a typical capillary diameter of some 5 microns it is roughly 2 to 10 microns a capillary. So, I take 5 microns let us say I take a capillary length of around a centimeter and a pressure difference which is close to the experimental value 3000 Pascals and I need so, I have a delta P I have a D. So, I need a viscosity. So, let me just assume that I take the viscosity of water it is slightly different it is somewhat different from water, but whatever let me take the viscosity of water which if you remember it is 10 to the power of minus 3 Pascals seconds. If you put in all of these numbers into this into let us say the velocity expression the average velocity expression you can get what is the average velocity of this blood flow in a capillary of in a pipe like capillary of 5 micron diameter. So, if you put in these numbers what you will get is roughly around. So, you can check what you will get is roughly around 0.02 centimeters per second and measurements of blood flow in actual capillaries gives you a number. So, let us so, this is my theoretical estimate the experimental range is something like 0.05 centimeters per second which is actually pretty good. We have done an extremely sort of simple naive modelling we have thrown away any complication we have taken a pipe straight pipe and so on and so forth, but still we get an estimate which is pretty close at least order of magnitude it is correct to whatever is the actual flow. So, even though we have made these simplifications the analysis is not too bad. If I wanted to go from this sort of a value to this if I am wanted to increase the velocity and I say that this is so, I have taken that eta blood is equal to eta water. Let us say I say that ok, this is not correct ok. I need to take the correct viscosity of blood. Should I take a larger viscosity or a smaller viscosity to get the correct average velocity? Smaller viscosity right. So, if I wanted to get this number closer to the experimental estimates it would say that I need to take a smaller viscosity. Do you know what is the viscosity of blood? Anyone any idea? Is it more viscous than water? Is it less viscous than water? More viscous than water. So, actually blood is around if I it is around three times the viscosity of water which means that this estimate that I did by doing this approximation is actually better is actually slightly misleading the actual estimate is worse than this because I have taken the viscosity of blood to be the same as water. And you cannot really do a correct estimate unless you so, now if you want to get the numbers right. So, this is actually the theoretical estimate should be something like 0.002 by 3 if I take the correct viscosity of blood.

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How to calculate/determine sample size for estimation of mean in a single group? #bcbr #research

#bcbr #samplesize #research #researchmethodology #basiccourseinbiomedicalresearch #samplesizeformula

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For calculating sample size of mean, that is a number among the single group, the formula is z square alpha into standard deviation square divided by d square. z alpha is the standard normal deviate, z alpha square will be 3.84, and standard deviation, we get it from the previous studies or from the pilot study. d is allowable error or precision. Here is one example for calculation of mean in a single group. Suppose we are doing the mean hemoglobin among newly diagnosed lung cancer patients, then the previous study says nine gram as the mean, then standard deviation is two, then we substitute in the formula 3.84 into standard deviation square that is two into two, 0.5 is the precision, and based on that we calculated the sample size. If we decrease this precision, we get increased sample size. If we increase this precision, then we get decreased sample size. Based on our study needs availability, we can adjust this precision and get a desired sample size.

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Narcissist As Never Seen Before (Bootleg Snippets, Zagreb Lecture, March 2024)

See the narcissist the way you have never seen him/her before. Excerpts from a lecture to clinicians (therapists and psychologists) in Zagreb, Croatia. Find and Buy MOST of my BOOKS and eBOOKS in my Amazon Store: https://www.amazon.com/stores/page/60F8EC8A-5812-4007-9F2C-DFA02EA713B3

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Last month I gave a lecture in Zagreb, in Croatia, to a group of clinicians, psychotherapists and psychologists from various disciplines. You are about to watch bootleg snippets taken during the lecture. If you wish to organize a lecture for the wider public, or a lecture to clinicians and mental health practitioners and professionals in North Macedonia, please contact me at Sam Vaknin, that's one word, S-A-M-V-A-K-N-I-N, my name, at gmail.com, Sam Vaknin at gmail.com. I'll be delighted to give a lecture to the wider audience, or to mental health practitioners, professionals and clinicians in Macedonia, and it's free of charge. You will have, however, to pay the cost of the lecture hall and the cost of a cameraman to record the event so that I can upload it later to my YouTube channel. So if you're in Macedonia and you're interested to organize such an event, and you believe you can find the audience, then I'm here, Sam Vaknin at gmail.com. If you live in other countries in Europe and wish to organize a lecture or seminar with me, get in touch. My lectures are usually free of charge, seminars, however, cost money. So get in touch, you have the email address, enjoy the rest of the show. It's taken secretly, bootleg smartphone during my lecture in Zagreb, Croatia, March 2024. And we know, for example, that this happens. We know that there is no object libido in such cases because of something, because there are many indications. And one of them is known as auto-erotism. Auto-erotism is when you are sexually attracted to your own body, when you are your own sex object, when you are your own love object. In classical terms, when the eros part of the libido is directed at the self. So auto-erotism has been observed and absolutely documented in laboratories that reject Freud. Anything before 1980 still documented auto-erotism. So we know that there is a redirection of energy at the self that has a sexual component, but also a kind of mother component. In other words, emotional investment. So it's sexual and emotional. Because of this, because the energy which should have been given to mother as a gift, a gift of being one with mother, the gift of what we call secure base. Mother is a secure base, a safe environment. Instead of this, we get a child who is essentially abandoned, neglected, terrified. And then the child lies to itself, deceives itself and says, it's okay, I'm here. I don't need mother, I'm here. I'm my own secure base. I'm my own sex object. I'm my own love object. I can love myself and that's sufficient. I don't need to love anyone else. And this kind of child fails in two functions. He fails to develop what we call internal working model. He fails to develop a model of the world and how he operates in the world and how other people operate in the world. Why? Because his energy goes inward, it does not go outwards. He does not at this stage at least. He has no access to the outside world. And he fails to develop this model, which is super critical model for functioning later in life. Another task, another function that he fails is called mentalization. The ability to perceive or speculate about how other people's mind, In psychosis, there is confusion of internal objects as external. The psychotic has a voice. He thinks the voice is coming from there. Yes? So internal object is misidentified, an introject is misidentified as external. In narcissism, an external object is misidentified as internal. So narcissism is the mirror image of psychosis. The left hand and right hand of psychosis, in effect. And like in psychosis, there's trauma, there's dissociation. There's another thing called hyperreflexivity. Hyperreflexivity is expanding outwards to include the world. So digesting the world, assimilating the world. So to speak, I'm not going to this. There are self-states in cluster B situations. There are self-states. If you want to read more about self-states, the guy who came up with the idea is called Philip Bromberg. Philip Bromberg. And I built on his work. I adopted his work to pathological narcissism. If you go on my channel, YouTube channel, you will find many, many videos about self-states, pseudo identities, ego states, sub-personalities, and so on and so forth. You'll find many videos. I'm also publishing a book soon about all this. So they all have self-states. Self-states is simply when you switch from one type of identity to another. And of course, if you don't have an identity, then you have only self-states. And in both borderline and narcissism, there is something called identity disturbance or identity diffusion. No stable identity, because it's empty. If it's empty, you can pour wine, you can pour milk, you can pour water. It's empty. So one day you're milk, one day you're wine, one day you're water. One day the borderline believes that being cheating the partner, being engaging in infidelity is horrible. And the next day she does it. And one day the narcissist believes that he's going to be a great writer and the next day he's a businessman. There's no constancy of goals, beliefs, values, and so on because there's no identity. Similarly, there is no constancy of ex... This is for posterity, minimal for posterity. Okay, we are now going to discuss the narcissist's interpersonal relationships. In other words, with other people. I mentioned before, hopefully some of you remember, if you're not dissociating throughout this lecture, which I wouldn't blame you, that the narcissist uses the same methodology, the same structures, the same dynamics, and the same techniques in all relationships. Whenever external objects are involved that are internalized. So it could be anything from colleague to intimate partner and so on. And the shocking thing for all of you, perhaps, is that the narcissist does not see a difference between an intimate partner and a colleague. A boss and a child, none. Therefore, the narcissist does not choose you as his intimate partner. There's no choice involved here. You're all dispensable, interchangeable, commoditized. You're like so many grains of rice. The narcissist doesn't care if you are empathic, because he doesn't do empathy. He doesn't care if you're kind and nice. He doesn't care about any of these things that you see online, when victims self-aggrandize. The narcissist chose me because I'm amazingly empathetic. I'm super galactic empath, some bullshit like this. Supernova empath. These are all nonsense. The narcissist is interested in four things. They are known, or I call them the four Ss. Four Ss are sex, of course, services, safety, and supply. There are two types of supply, narcissistic supply and sadistic supply. A small minority of narcissists are sadists. So they derive pleasure from inflicting pain. And this is a form of supply, not sadistic supply. These are the four Ss. If you provide two of the four Ss, two, any two, you qualify. So if you provide sex and services, it goes, you got the job. If you provide services and safety, you got the job, etc. So it's also not true that the narcissist insists on the totality of the package, all the four. Narcissist, therefore, is in this sense antisocial. He is goal-oriented, exactly like the psychopath. Now, he's converting you into an enemy. What does it mean? He has been wrong about you. He's been wrong. If you're an enemy, then you should not have been idealized in the first place. There's a mistake here. And one thing narcissists never do, especially me, is admit to a mistake. They are never wrong. What we call infallible. They're like the Pope, only worse. They're infallible. So the narcissist cannot admit that he has made a mistake in having idealized you. So this creates internal narcissistic injury. The narcissist is wounded by his own machinations. He cannot reconcile. He doesn't know how to explain. How did he make this mistake? And so in order to explain this to himself and to restore his grandiosity, because the narcissistic injury is a challenge to the grandiosity. My grandiosity, for you to understand, is a cognitive distortion. It's a misperception of reality. It's an impairment in reality testing. So am I going too fast? A little too fast? You want me to put on a face? A little too fast? OK, so you understand that when he converts you from ideal to persecutory, it presents a problem, because it means he has made a mistake. So to solve this, to restore his grandiosity, he has to devalue you. He has to convince himself that you have been like that. I'm sorry, when he idealized you, you have been like that, but something happened. For example, you were under the influence of bed friends or something biological happened to you, some disease. You're having some brain disease or something. Or your mother died and it affected you in ways that change your cycle. You have changed. You're not the same. The person you idealized is not the person that is now a persecutory object. She has changed. He does not change. Or the fighting with God, Jacob Brocker, God's. There's a lot of kind of anthropomorphism. Narcissism is a private primitive religion invented by a child. That is what narcissism is. And because it's a private religion and because it's a primitive religion and because this religion was invented by a child, the narcissist is missionary. He's trying to convert everyone into this religion. And so how to convert you to this religion? He makes promises. Is it different to classical religion? Of course not. God makes you promises. If you believe in him, if you obey the commandments, if you engage in some rituals and ceremonies and so on and so forth, there are some promises. There's a contract here. Religion is a shared fantasy. Absolutely shared fantasy. And it's no wonder that God, all gods, are described in narcissistic terms. They're narcissists. Yahweh is a narcissist. Allah is a narcissist. They're all narcissists. I'm sorry to say. The prophets are psychotic, but the gods are narcissists. It's a shared fantasy. So, and the narcissist is a private religion. Now, narcissism is threatening to become the biggest global religion. Why? Because unlike other religions, actually unlike most religions, it's distributed. It's a distributed religion. It's like network religion, the internet religion. Because you have one god and one worshiper, one god and one worshiper, one god and one worshiper, or one god and 10 worshippers, or one god and 10 million worshippers. But it's always separate. These are called nodes. These are network nodes. And, but the religion is common. The belief in the false self and the shared fantasy. The rituals and ceremonies of this religion are the same. So, it's a distributed religion. There's only one other religion like this, Islam. Islam does not have a central authority. No central authority in Islam. Not unlike the Vatican and Catholicism. Islam is a distributed religion. That's a source of its power. That's why it's the biggest growing religion nowadays. Narcissism is growing like mushrooms. And Islam is growing like mushrooms. I'll leave it up to you to make the connection. I'll probably be assassinated after I upload it to YouTube. Good object. And there is idealized object. Idealized object is when you believe, or when the voices tell you, that you are totally perfect, that you're amazing, that you're godlike. This usually comes from parental figures. Parental figures that idolize the child, idealize the child, place the child on the pedestal, tell the child that he can do no wrong in his perfection. And everyone else is wrong. The teachers are wrong. The peers are wrong. So these messages accumulate, accrue, and they create idealized object. And narcissists have one of two objects. They never have a good object. As narcissists are not grounded in reality. Remember, they don't have a reality testing. In fact, reality testing. So they cannot have a good object. But what they do have, many of them have a bad object, and many of them have an idealized object, a godlike object. The narcissists who have a bad object, compensate for this bad object, because these voices are intolerable. Imagine that you have someone who keeps criticizing you, telling you that you're wrong and so on. In short, imagine your marriage. So, you know, it's unbearable. It's intolerable. So the narcissist compensates for this. And he compensates for this by pretending to be everything opposite to the bad object. Everything in the bad object is same the opposite. So the bad object tells you by the law. You're stupid. It's a non-ingenious. This is a compensatory mechanism. And this is known as the false self. The false self is a term developed, not invented, but developed by a miracle. So the false self is actually a kind of compensation for the bad object or the idealized object. If the narcissist has an idealized object, then there's no compensation. The narcissist believes that he's the ideal godlike. There's no need for compensation. Then we get typically overt grandiose narcissists. If the narcissist is a bad object and compensates for it by pretending to be godlike and lying to himself, he's eating himself and others that he is. Then we get typically, not always, a covert narcissist. Vulnerable, fragile, shy narcissist. These are all the names. Swing around. So these are two types of narcissists. And their etiology is very different because the bad object narcissist was raised by parents who were critical, who were harsh, who were disciplinary, and the idealized object narcissist was raised by parents who spoiled him, pampered him, worshiped him, admired him, told him he could do no wrong and he's better and so on and so forth. So this is the sort of clinical background and when some of you come back, those of you who are brave enough and narcissistic is not human, I'm sorry. But if you don't have empathy and you don't have unconscious and you don't have emotions and you don't have the ability to distinguish other people as external and you don't have the separation. What do you have? It's a drive machine. It's Freud's ideal drive machine. Like Freud at the beginning, early Freud. He later regretted it, he changed it, nevermind. But early, early, early Freud said that we are all machines, devices driven by drives. And we need to find these drives and control them and so on. This is Freud's drive machine. So yeah, of course biologically it's human. It has a heart, it has kidneys, liver, some of them have brains, but you know, that's not what defines a human being. As we will discover in 200 years, we will have androids with all these organs and they will not be human beings. That's not what defines a human being. They're sentient, many of them are intelligent, but so is artificial intelligence. I have serious doubts whether we are talking about human beings. I think it is possible to frustrate or thwart or distort the developmental pathway in early childhood so as to produce, I don't know, a mutant. I don't know how to explain, not a human being. Something that is so divorced from what makes a human being, so alien, that maybe we should not use this term anymore. And this is what we have a lot of criticism. Patriotism, not us. Freud's invention. It's Freud's, but there is a big debate in psychology about the unconscious. The Freudian approach and later, his daughter and many others, this school, says that the unconscious is the seat of repressed wishes and drives and urges. I'm simplifying, of course, but generally speaking, it's the seat of repression. And there's another school, and that other school says that the unconscious is the internalization of other people. It's the sum total of interactions with other people. It's the relational unconscious. I mentioned Lacan, Lacan regards the unconscious as relational, but there are others. For example, Harry Stack Sullivan, who was the father of interpersonal psychology. So the unconscious is the sum total of interactions with other people. Imagine what it says about the narcissist. The narcissist is incapable of interactions with other people because the narcissist is incapable of perceiving the existence of other people. There's no externality and no separateness. So according to Lacan, the narcissist is possibly the only creature without an unconscious, only creature which is totally conscious. What you see is what you get. A mirror reflection. This deep, you know, nanometer deep, it's not that because they are not, according to Salih, they are not. They are not interpersonal relationships which create the unconscious. Lacan said that this is mediated through the language. I don't want to mislead you. It's other people speak to the individual than the language is internalized. What they say is internalized and the language shapes the unconscious. Never mind all that. When you don't recognize the existence of other people, according to many major scholars, you cannot have an unconscious. We have here a human being allegedly, with only with a conscious. The narcissist dysregulates everyone around him. The narcissist rips havoc and chaos wherever he goes. And it is by observing other people's reactions actually that we can safely diagnose narcissism. Because if you try to diagnose narcissism via test structure interviews, that's nonsense. There's no one to talk to. Also, I think it's a major mistake to try to treat narcissists with adult psychology or adult psychotherapy. They are not adults. You need to use child psychology and child psychotherapies combined with trauma therapies. So today we are making big mistakes when we are trying to, for example, strike a therapeutic alliance with the narcissist or agree on treatment goals. It's ridiculous. It's a two-year-old. At some point he will throw a temper tantrum and leave the clinic and tell you to f off. That's what you're dealing with. You become social creatures. We know how to function in society. We have sexual scrapes, social scrapes, and so on and so forth, mores, nons, and so on. One of the main ways is known as socialization. There's a process of socialization. Now there are socialization agents, mother and father, mainly father, by the way, is a socialization agent. They are socialization agents. They teach us to be social creatures. But there is another process, equally important. So there's socialization and another one. The other one is known as modeling. It was first suggested by Bandura in social learning theory. Modeling, but narcissists as a child cannot model because to model, to adopt a model, to emulate father, to imitate mother, yeah? This process was first described in depth by Edith Jacobson. So to do this, to accomplish this, you need to recognize that mother and father are external. Imitation is a form of internalization but of an external object. And if you're incapable of accepting that other people are outside you, you cannot model. There's a modeling failure. This is catastrophic consequences in the life of the narcissists. And it was short, thanks God, because I ran away, but I agreed for two, three years. But it was almost clear to me what is happening. But I was in desperate feelings and situation before I met him for three, four years. It was my business relationship between people. I was really desperate. I wanted to run away from that situation and to run away from my body. It was so strong wish to run away from that situation. So I run away straight to his arms and all happened. All this addictive idea, everything, everything what you mentioned. So I was questioning myself how this happened to me. But now when you said this loneliness before this situation, before I met him, was really hard for me for years. The shared fantasy is a promise that you no longer need to be in reality in order to obtain outcome. So you can be self-refficacious even when you're not in reality. And it's a promise that all options and alternatives and possibilities will materialize. So like endless promise, whatever you wish, whatever you dream of, whatever you, it will happen. There's a guarantee by the narcissist that it will happen. Narciss, because he feels God-like, projects to you or somehow convinces you that he has the capacity to make anything happen and everything happen. It's like land of infinite possibilities. You enter a land of infinite possibilities that is not grounded in reality. You don't have to pay the cost, only the benefits. And it's very, very captivating as well because who wants to be in reality and who doesn't want to be with someone who can instantly realize all your wishes and dreams. This helps for shared fantasy, it helps a lot. I really wanted to run away. And it happened that I run away from Croatia to run the country. So this shared fantasy, my part, was very strong that I really wanted to run away into this, of course, fantasy and the rest of the story. I think people who find themselves in the shared fantasy of narcissism, I think that's speculation because there's no more studies. But I think. And everything has a sort of splitting again. Yes, all the realities of narcissism as I said at the very beginning, all the dynamics of narcissism are built on splitting and another mechanism called projection. Yeah, but also like splitting the good from the bad. Yes, yes. You're right. It's a form of splitting. But all interactions of the narcissism, all the dynamics of the narcissism based on splitting and projection. So for example, it involves not only splitting, but also projection. Because the narcissist makes you all bad and by implication, he makes himself all good. But he makes you all bad because he's all bad. He projects onto you the parts of him that he rejects, the parts of him that he's ashamed of. So it is the narcissist who wants to be aggressive with you. He wants to discard you. He wants to get rid of you. It is he who is planning to do something bad to you. But he cannot admit it. So he projects it onto you. Says you are the one who is planning to do something bad to me. You're evil. When actually he is the one who is planning to. So this projection and splitting involved. And I... I'm afraid you're going to ask a question. Okay, so I want to ask a question about grief after a relationship. If it was such an abusive relationship, then what would you say that people or abused one is grieving about? That's precisely what I said. You are not in love with him. You are not in a relationship with him. You are in a relationship with yourself. What you are grieving is yourself. You are grieving the lost self-love, lost capacity to self-love. You're grieving, of course, the shared fantasy. You're grieving the child. You're like a mother who lost her child. You are grieving a mother who lost a mother. So grief after narcissistic abuse is not typical grief. It's what we call prolonged grief disorder. It's not typical grief, but it's four layers of grief, like a wedding cake, four layers of grief. And each one of us is very powerful. Is there anything more powerful than losing your child? And narcissism gradually becomes more and more your child. And when you lose this child, it's horrible. And then you also lost a mother because initially he truly acted as a mother. And you lose a shared fantasy, which was a refuge, an escape from reality if you hate reality. And you lost yourself. Finally, you fell in love with yourself, learned to love yourself, and then it was taken away from you because you can love yourself only through the narcissist gaze and all of mirrors. It's not that the narcissist teaches you how to love yourself independently, on the very contrary. It makes you addicted to his gaze so that whenever you want to fix, when you want to inject, intoxication of, I'm perfect, I'm amazing, I'm ideal, I'm gorgeous, sir. You go to him, he will tell you. He'll tell you what you want for him, about yourself. Then you are living in fantasy. Because you're all living in fantasy, of course. Every time you open the television, you're in fantasy. Actually watching a movie, believe it or not, involves extreme dissociation. Do you know why you jump in a horror movie? Because you're inside the horror movie. You're dissociating. And fantasy in today's world was not the case, let's say, a hundred years ago, 150, but today's world of fantasy definitely has replaced reality in many ways. So we have a general situation of pathological fantasy. Now, the shared fantasy between the narcissist and his intimate partner, I'm taking this as example, yes? The shared fantasy between the narcissist and the intimate partner is first of all shared. We all tend to ignore the shared part because the victims of narcissistic abuse, the survivors of such relationships and so on, they want to exonerate themselves. They want to say, I am not guilty. I didn't do anything wrong. I was the passive recipient of evil intentions and evil actions. It's not my fault. I did not contribute anything to my predicament. And that's of course counterfactual. It's actually a fantasy. It's a fantasy defense. The shared fantasy is a full-fledged, full-scale collaboration between the narcissist, intimate partner and the narcissist. Each for their own reasons. Each for their own reasons. And each couple, each diet requires a different, as a highly specific and idiosyncratic analysis. So we cannot generalize. But the rule is that the partner collaborates with the narcissist, colludes with the narcissist, conspires with the narcissist to create a common fantasy. What is this reminiscent of? A cult, it's equivalent of a cult. This fantasy is inward-looking. It excludes the world. And it has its own narratives which are counterfactual that define the facts. And narratives which are very often paranoid and narratives that are grandiose in majority of cases. And the partner of the narcissist fully collaborates with all this. For example, she encourages the narcissist to be grandiose. She enhances the narcissist's grandiosity. She colludes with the narcissist in excluding all others or criticizing all others or demeaning and debasing all others. She conspires with the narcissist to adopt unrealistic goals unrealistic goals about, I don't know, marriage or children or financial plans or business plans or whatever. So there's a lot of collaboration and collusion. And when victims will tell you, I have been deceived, the narcissist is a great actor. I didn't know what was happening until the last moment. And when I discovered I exited whatever it was. That's unfortunately untrue. Actually, we have studies that show when you're in the presence of a narcissist within minutes, you develop something known as uncanny value reaction. It's a sense of discomfort. And even it is as if the person you're with who happens to be the narcissist is not fully human. Something wrong, something of key, something put together wrongly, wrong manufacturing, you know? Now the uncanny value reaction was first described, of course, by a Japanese in 1970. Masahiro Mori, a roboticist. Masahiro always said as robots will become more and more human, we're gonna begin to feel more and more discomfort, more and more ill at ease. The more the robot resembles humans, the worse we will feel in the presence of the robot. And this is the uncanny value reaction and everyone has it in the presence of narcissists. So why do many people claim to have been deceived? Because they suppress it. They deny it. They don't want to recognize it. For example, if you're very, very, very lonely, then you would tell yourself all kinds of stories about the narcissist. You say, ah, it's nothing. Otherwise it's a great guy. Yeah, he's misbehaving here, but otherwise it's a great guy. You will convince yourself, you create narratives to push yourself into the family. So it's a collusion. It's a collaboration. Don't let anyone tell you otherwise.

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First Minister's Questions (BSL) - 18 January 2024

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Mae oedd gennynt eich cwestiynau. The next item of business is First Minister's questions, at question number 1, I call Douglas Ross. Ar ôl, I begin by putting on record the best wishes of the whole chamber and the people across Scotland to His Majesty The King and the Duchess of Rossy. We wish them both a speedy recovery to good health. Last week, in response to the horizon scandal, the First Minister said this. I think the idea of almost a mass exoneration is one that is very worthy of consideration. In a letter to the Prime Minister just eight days ago he said and I quote, it is right that normal processes for appeals are set aside. In a statement this week, the Lord Advocate, his Government's top legal adviser said and I quote, in Scotland there is an established route of appeal in circumstances like this. Humza Yousaf has said that there should be a blanket exoneration, but the Lord Advocate believes that the current process for appeals shouldn't change with each case being considered individually. So can the First Minister tell not just Parliament but crucially all the victims of this scandal, what the position of his Government actually is? Douglas Ross, for the question, can I also associate myself with the remarks and wish a speedy recovery to King Charles and, of course, the Duchess of Roth see 2. In relation to this issue, let's first and foremost begin by paying tribute once again, not just to Alan Bates but to those hundreds of sub-postmasters and mistresses right across the United Kingdom that should not have had to wait for an ITV drama in order to see justice or indeed in order to see compensation. But, of course, it is important that the UK Government has acted, Douglas Ross is right, I wrote to the Prime Minister. I should say that I have received the response back from the Prime Minister. The response is a positive one that he is willing to work on a UK-wide basis. I should say that I am happy to release that response, so I think that we are waiting for number 10 to confirm that they are also happy for us to do so. That detail in that response does say that the UK Government is willing to work with the Scottish Government in order to look at a UK-wide basis for mass exoneration for those who have been wrongfully convicted. I listened very carefully to what Laura Advocate had to say, both in her statement and, indeed, in response to questions. She was making the point, of course, that there is a current appeals process through the Scottish Criminal Case Review Commission as well in order to investigate mass miscarriages of justice. But let me just be clear, so that Douglas Ross has no misunderstanding, we support the UK Government looking at legislation for mass exoneration of those who are wrongfully convicted, and we have written to the UK Government, got a positive response back, and we hope that the legislation can apply on a UK-wide basis. Douglas Ross does not actually clear up the case here in Scotland. The First Minister says that it does, but, of course, the UK legislation will apply in England and Wales, but this issue is devolved here in Scotland. We have his top legal officer who sits in the Scottish Government Cabinet saying something quite different to the First Minister. Let me quote again from the Lord Advocate on Tuesday. It's an important process because not every case involving horizon evidence will be a miscarriage of justice and each case must be considered carefully. That's the Lord Advocate's current position. What that is is a refusal to change the process and accelerate the system because there may be some guilty people. Surely it's better to accept the tiny possibility that a guilty person will have their conviction overturned than allowing dozens of innocent postmasters to live with the stain of guilt for a minute longer. What discussions has he had with the Lord Advocate since her statement on Tuesday and does he agree that those convictions must be quashed as quickly as possible? The Lord Advocate and I are due to speak again tomorrow, I believe, but what I would say to Douglas Ross is that Lord Advocate, when she was speaking in the chamber, of course, was speaking as the independent head of prosecutions. That is an important part of her function, which is distinct, of course, to her position when she provides legal advice as a member of this Government. It's still my preference, I should say, that there is, on a UK-wide basis, through an LCM. That would be the preferable route. Now, there are complexities to work through that. I think that the choice that Douglas Ross is presenting as a binary choice is not the correct one. The best position for all of us is urgently seeing the mass exoneration for those who were wrongfully convicted. Of course, for those whose conviction was sound and is sound, nobody wants to see necessarily their conviction overturned and being able to apply for compensation. If we can get the best of both worlds, if we can get to that position, that is the best position to get to. That is why we are willing to work with the UK Government, who presumably also don't want sound convictions overturned if they can avoid that. We will work with the UK Government in that respect. However, let's not forget about what we are dealing with here. I am afraid that is a scandal that was born in Westminster. It is a post office that is wholly reserved, wholly responsible to UK Government ministers. I said that it lied to UK Government ministers, but UK Government clearly did not interrogate the post office strongly enough. Therefore, the public inquiry is important, and I will judge the UK Government to make sure that they fully co-operate with that public inquiry. The Crown Office is wholly devolved here in Scotland. That is why the situation is very different here. The post office could not prosecute these individuals here. It was the Crown Office. One of those who was prosecuted was Judith Smith. She pled guilty in 2009 at Selkirk Sheriff Court to a charge of fraud after thousands of pounds disappeared. Judith Lawyer told us that the Crown Office displayed a worrying lack of skepticism at the post office's case, particularly as there was no trace of the money anywhere. Judith was even asked if she had blown it all in a lavish holiday, or if she had a gambling problem. Her conviction was finally quashed just last week, but Judith Lawyer said that the Crown Office should have launched a review of all past post office prosecutions the minute it became aware of the horizon problem in 2013. It did not, and it took a further two years for prosecutors to dismiss on-going cases that relied on horizon evidence. Can the First Minister explain why prosecutions in Scotland continued for two more years after the Crown Office became aware of concerns with horizon? Does the First Minister agree with the Scottish Conservative calls that the Lord Advocate at the time, Frank Mulholland, should come to this Parliament to answer questions on this scandal? First Minister? First of all, can we be clear what it took was an ITV drama in order to get the UK Government to make sure that they took action, even though they were being told by hundreds of sub-postmasters and ministers up and down the country, that they had been lied to? Let's not forget that that is what spurred the UK Government into action, not the pleas and desperate pleas of sub-postmasters right up and down the country. Let's go back to the point that the Lord Advocate made very clearly in this chamber that the Crown was, in her words, misled and given false reassurances by the UK post office, time and time and time again. I have to say that hearing the harrowing testimonies, including the one from Judith Douglas Ross, just articulated, there are many institutions that will be answerable for what they did and the action that they took. I would fully expect—and I am certain that it will be the case—that the Crown Office would also fully co-operate with the public inquiry under way in terms of why the Crown chose to prosecute cases post-2013. Again, the Lord Advocate laid out the fact that, of course, there was guidance to prosecutors in 2013 involving horizon cases, and they stopped prosecuting cases in 2015 that were sufficiently dependent on horizon data. Of course, the current Lord Advocate is responsible and answerable for the Crown. Of course, she has already answered questions about what took place in 2013, and she has already said that if MSPs want a further opportunity to question her, she will make herself available. Douglas Ross Of course, my question was about one of her predecessors, and I think that it is crucial that this Parliament hears from Frank Mulholland. It would just be interesting to know if the First Minister supports those Scottish Conservative calls. All of this matters here in Holyrood, because the Crown Office is a devolved institution. The procedure by which those convictions can be quashed will be set by this Government and this Parliament. However, the process set out by the Lord Advocate could see that taking far, far longer in Scotland than it should. Myra Philp worked with her mum, Mary, at the Post Office in Ochtermachty in 2001. At 7am, Post Office auditors burst through the door and demanded the keys to the shop. Mary, a former policewoman, was suspended, but she immediately suspected that her eyes in was to blame. The Post Office, on the other hand, blamed her teenage grandchildren. Auditors accused them of breaking in during the night overriding the time lock and taking the money. Mary was not prosecuted, but she lost her business. She died in 2018, the year before Alan Bates was supposed to admit that her eyes in was desperately flawed. Myra told us this. My mum died not knowing she was right. The Lord Advocate is head of the independent judiciary in Scotland, but she is also the chief legal adviser to the Scottish Government and the Cabinet. Does the First Minister accept that, if we follow the position that the Lord Advocate laid out to the Scottish Parliament of her preferred process, it will take far too long for postmasters wrongly convicted and some could die before their names are cleared? Can I give clarity, once again, not just to Douglas Ross, but to Mary's family, to all the other sub-postmasters and sub-postmistresses right across Scotland? The UK Government last week announced that it was looking to bring forward legislation in the UK Parliament in order for mass exonerations to take place when it comes to wrongful convictions. I have written to the Prime Minister to say that we welcome that process. Not only that, as the First Minister, we will be willing to work with the UK Government for that legislation to take place and have effect on a UK-wide basis. That could be through an LCM. I should say to Douglas Ross that, if an LCM, for whatever reason the UK Government, if that is not possible, we are already working on contingencies in separate Scottish legislation if that is required. I hope not. If there is a possibility for an LCM, that would be the easiest and quickest route. I, as the First Minister of Scotland, will decide what legislative route is brought forward to this Parliament in order to exonerate those who are wrongfully convicted. Let's say once again that harrowing testimony that Douglas Ross has given in relation to what Mary had to suffer and no doubt the consequences are still felt by her family. That happened on the UK Government's watch. That happened because of a post-office that is wholly reserved to the UK Government. UK Government ministers of UK-based parties time after time did not believe sub-postmasters and sub-postmistresses like Mary and others who were being harassed by the post-office at the time. They have waited far too long for justice, and let me give an absolute confirmation and assurance to them that we will work with the UK Government and whoever else we need to to make sure that there is not a single day longer that we have to wait, not just for justice but for access to compensation. I echo the best wishes to King Charles and the Duchess of Rossy and wish them both a speedy recovery. Presiding Officer, confusion about the ban of exiled dogs in Scotland has brought dangerous dogs back into the headlines. Today the SNP Government will finally make a statement and I hope they take action, but like so many issues it is only when media pressure builds that SNP ministers respond. Too often they act on headlines rather than the evidence. In the last Parliament I sat on the Public Audit and Post Legislative Scrutiny Committee when it produced a report on the 2010 control of dogs act. The cross-party committee called for a review of the law and the focus to be on irresponsible owners and breeders. The Government accepted the findings of the committee and committed to a review in 2019, so can I ask the First Minister, nearly five years on, why are we still waiting? Of course, there was something that happened between 2020 and the current time, and that was a global pandemic, which of course undoubtedly resulted in the fact that other work had to be delayed. I think that most individuals would accept that. In terms of the exiled bully safeguards that the UK Government has brought in, it made that announcement without a single word of consultation with the Scottish Government. I suspect that if, at that point, I had said to Anna Sawa that, yes, we will take immediate action, he would have demanded what consultation we had had. It was right that Siobhan Brown took the time to have consultation with animal welfare stakeholders and those who are involved in animal re-homing centres. The Scottish Government still absolutely believes that the correct approach is not breed, but we have to also be able to respond to the fact that we have seen media reports of a number of people bringing their exiled bully dogs over the border to Scotland. We have consulted, we have taken time to engage and we will bring forward safeguards. It should be said that this is not a ban. Of course, people will still be able to have their exiled bully dogs if they, of course, meet the criteria of the regulations that are brought forward. Let me say to Anna Sawa that, when it comes to the stricter regime that we have in terms of the control of dogs act, in terms of the various notices and the stricter regime that we have here in Scotland, I am pleased that we have a stricter regime here in Scotland that is not available elsewhere in the UK. Anna Sawa I know that the First Minister is not good in the detail, but the review of the control of dogs act was in the programme for government in 2021 during Covid, so I am not sure that excuse holds any water. In 2022 alone, victims were treated in Scotland's hospital are reported 7,600 times for injuries inflicted by dogs. Those dogs were out of control, often mistreated or poorly trained by their owners. Many of the injuries people sustained disfigured them for life. Kirstine Hobson is a post-women in Oban. In December, she was brutally attacked by a German shepherd and sustained serious injuries to her face, leg and arm, and needed specialist plastic surgery. She will be scarred for life emotionally and physically, but nothing that the Government is announcing today would have helped Kirstine. The Government promised five years ago to take action against irresponsible owners and bearers, not just an individual breed. So if the Government can act on Excel bullies, what will it take for them to protect people like Kirstine and so many others that they have repeatedly promised to do? If it goes to Kirstine for the injuries that she has suffered, we are just to say to Anasawa of course that we did take action in the back of the work done in 2019. That is why we have a really important regime of dog control notices. That is the regime that I am talking about that does not exist in England and Wales. If Anasawa had the detail in front of him, he would know that. He would also know that there are currently more than 1,200 active dog control notices in place in Scotland. Excel bullie dogs represent 2 per cent of those DCNs that are in force. One dog attack is, of course, one too many. We have taken a whole range of actions to protect communities as best we possibly can. That dog control notice regime that we have will undoubtedly help in that regard. However, we will continue to work with Police Scotland, local authorities, the SSPCA and other relevant interests to keep communities safe from the very small minority. We should be clear about that. It is a very small minority of irresponsible dog owners for their dangerous dogs. Anasawa Y Llywydd, 7,600 treatments in hospital related to dog attacks in one single year. I do not think that the First Minister should be playing that down, because that would be of extreme concern to families across the country. Humza Yousaf was, of course, justice secretary when this Government promised to review the control of dogs act and still nothing has happened. People like Kirstine should not have to be fearful when they go to work and parents should not have to fear for their kids when they take them to the park. This Government has a responsibility to protect people, not just respond to bad headlines. Too often, sadly, that is the case. We saw it with the infection scandal at the Queen Elizabeth hospital, we saw it last week and again today with the post office scandal, and now we see it with Excel bully dogs. The Government must commit to stronger powers for councils and the police and make it clear that the responsibility for dogs lies with owners and breeders. Does he accept that we cannot wait until another 7,000 people are harmed before this Government fixes the control of dogs act? Anasawa Y Llywydd, his third question took no account at all of the response that I gave to his previous question. That is the problem, because Anasawa says that we failed to act if he had stopped just reading the pre-prepared script. He would have, of course, heard me say that we brought in a DCN regime, the dog control notice regime that came in that does not exist in England and Wales. The fact that we have that in place has meant that we have more than 1,200 active dog control notices in place, as we speak. We will continue to work with Police Scotland, with local authorities, the SSPCA and other relevant stakeholders to keep our communities safe. We have established on top of that an operational working group involving local authorities, Police Scotland, COSLA and key stakeholders to progress this work. We have also commissioned a national dog control notice database to help enforcement agencies to better monitor the control of dogs. When it comes to having to respond to the UK Government's actions—that is what we are having to do in this case—it would not be far better if we did not have to always respond to what the UK Government does and, instead, have the full powers here in Scotland, Presiding Officer. Question 3, Alexander Stewart. Thank you, Presiding Officer, to ask the First Minister what the Scottish Government's response is to reports that Scotland has among the worst survival rates for some of the most serious cancers. First Minister. Cancer remains a national priority for the NHS and the Scottish Government, which is why we published a 10-year strategy in June 2023 focused on improving cancer survival and providing equitable access. It includes a focus on the less-survivable cancers and improving their outcomes. The strategy and the plan take a comprehensive approach to improving patient pathways in cancer from prevention and diagnosis right the way through to treatment and, of course, post-treatment care. It is very heartened by the fact that, overall, cancer mortality in Scotland has decreased by 11 per cent over the last 10 years, but we recognise that we have much more to do, particularly when it comes to less-survivable cancers. Can I put on record the fact that I know that Alexander Stewart has raised those issues on a number of occasions and the importance that he attaches to what is shared by the Government, too? Alexander Stewart. I thank the First Minister for that response. The Scottish National Party Government has been responsible for running health for nearly 17 years. That shows that, out of 33 countries of comparable wealth and income levels, Scotland ranks as low as 32nd for the five-year survival from pancreatic cancer, 31st for stomach cancer and 29th for lung cancer. First Minister, you should be ashamed that your Government has allowed the five-year survival rates for those cancers to deteriorate to some of the lowest in the developed world. What action will you take to resolve that? The First Minister. When, of course, there are those types of rates and survival rates, then there is work for the Scottish Government to do. There is no getting away from that. I have spoken often about my personal experience in relation to pancreatic cancer. I have lost a dear uncle to pancreatic cancer, so it is an issue that is very personal to me. I should say that, of course, there are areas that we will be comparing favourably to those 33 countries in terms of liver cancer. For example, survival rates in Scotland is 12th, whereas the UK overall is 21st and England is 25th. There are other cancer types where we are seeing progress, but clearly in other areas such as pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, brain cancer and lung cancer, there is still much more for us to do. In relation to what we are doing, I will make sure that the Cabinet Secretary for Health writes in detail to Alexander Stewart. However, what we are doing is trying to speed up the diagnosis where we can, and that is where we are investing in our detect cancer early programme. We are also investing in the rapid cancer diagnostic services, which are currently operational in five NHS boards across Scotland. The early evaluation from those rapid cancer diagnosis services shows that HPV liver and pancreatic cancers are among the most common cancers that are being diagnosed through that pathway. Overall, as I go back to this point and end in this point, overall, cancer mortality in Scotland has decreased by 11 per cent over the past 10 years, but less survivable cancers, as Alexander Stewart says, is clearly still work to do. David Torrance Thank you, Presiding Officer. While Labour MSP shamefully failed to support minimal unit pricing, a policy that has proven to save lives and reduce hospital dimensions since its inception, what assessment has the Scottish Government made on the impact of policies such as minute unit pricing on liver cancer rates in Scotland? Public Health Scotland's valuation of minimum unit pricing shows that MUP has had a very positive impact on health outcomes during the study period. It is estimated to have cut alcohol consumption, alcohol attributable deaths and likely to have reduced hospital admissions. Public Health Scotland estimates that about half of liver cancers are preventable in the UK, and that is why we continue to take action on the most prevalent factors, particularly alcohol consumption. Prevention of cancers takes longer to realise, but we would be hopeful that MUP impacts will be seen in the future for liver cancers. Our cancer strategy plays a focus on less survivable cancers, including, of course, liver cancer as well. Jackie Baillie I recently met a courageous group of women from the west of Scotland who shared their experience of being diagnosed with ovarian cancer and being forced to use their family's life savings to fund private treatment in England. According to target ovarian cancer, those in the west of Scotland cannot access life-saving surgery that women in NHS Lothian can access. Consequently, they face poorer outcomes when it comes to survival rates for the disease. It is nothing short of a national scandal that women with ovarian cancer are having to pay for the surgery that they need and deserve because of where they live. Can the First Minister tell us why women in the west of Scotland can't get surgery and what urgent action is being taken to end the life-threatening postcode lottery? Again, I am happy to ensure that the Cabinet Secretary for Health, Health and Sport is in detail to Jackie Baillie about what actions are being taken. I do not want anybody in the country to know what their condition is, but particularly when it is cancer to have to wait a day longer than they have to in order to get treatment. We know that earlier that cancer is diagnosed, the earlier that treatment begins, the better chances in relation to survival. That is why we have taken action to increase the number of consultant oncologists. For example, there has been almost 100 per cent increase since the SNP has been in position. We have increased the consultant radiologist by more than 66 per cent as well. On private healthcare, again, when Scotland is compared to the rest of the UK, we see fewer people having to sell fund for any private and patient day-case care, notwithstanding all that, the work that we are doing in order, particularly on variant cancer, is one that I want to see extended right across Scotland so that there is not a postcode lottery of care. I am sure that the Cabinet Secretary for Health writes in detail to Ms Baillie. To ask the First Minister, in light of reported concerns regarding food labelling being a devolved matter, what the Scottish Government's position is on what impact the UK Government's reported plans to roll out not for EU labelling on food and drink products across the whole of the UK could have on Scotland's food and drink industry? A Government shares the well-documented concerns that Food and Drink Federation Scotland, many food and drink businesses, have highlighted about those labelling plans. The rural affairs secretary, Mary Gougeon, wrote to our UK Government counterpart before Christmas for much-needed clarification on their plans, however my understanding is that she has not had the courtesy of a response yet. However, we will continue to press the UK Government for answers, not least to the questions of why they are insisting on pursuing a policy that would arbitrarily add costs to all agri-food businesses, not just those who trade specifically with Northern Ireland. That is a move that is disproportionate. It is wholly inappropriate, particularly when consumers are already bearing the burden of added food costs. It is just another example, frankly, of Conservative chaos harming our economy. For that response, I agree with the First Minister about the impact and the harm that this will cause many Scottish food and drink businesses. Would the First Minister also agree that, although that might be needed for goods being traded with Northern Ireland, there is no rationale for it for other trade? Has the Westminster Government shared why it intends to impose this regime? No, it has not. We have again listened to them, but we have not had the courtesy of a response. There is not any real evidence or convincing argument for why this labelling requirement is necessary. Those food and drink stakeholders in Scotland have added so much to our economy and are absolutely scathing about the UK Government's plans. The Food and Drink Federation director for growth, Dut, said, Our members are really clear that the Government's plan to extend not-for-EU product labelling on a UK-wide basis will hamper growth, hitting investment exports and jobs while increasing consumer prices and restricting the choice of products. The evidence is clear, the independent analysis is clear, that Brexit is damaging our economy, and that is why it is utterly unforgivable that not a single UK-based party is standing up against Brexit, or even proposing that we rejoin the single market—a market seven times the size of the UK. The people of Scotland should be given that choice. Do they want to stay in broken Brexit Britain, or do they want to make decisions for ourselves as an independent nation in the European Union? The UK Government will launch a consultation on a new food labelling scheme that will ensure that consumers know what they are buying and that they are buying high-quality British produce over imported goods that do not meet UK welfare standards. Does the First Minister support this move, and can he explain how he expects Scottish farmers and fishermen to continue to provide high welfare and environmental standard food when his SNP budget is cutting £46 million from the rural affairs portfolio? Another Brexit burden for businesses in Scotland to have to bear, even though, of course, we did not vote for Brexit, but the damage of the burdens of Brexit are being imposed upon our businesses up and down Scotland. I do not think that businesses are lining up to thank Rachel Hamilton's Conservatives for the imposition of Brexit. Quite the opposite. We have, of course, even the British Retail Consortium saying that, given that labelling is intended to prevent goods from GB entering the EU through Northern Ireland, it is unclear why such labelling is necessary for all goods sold in Great Britain. That will only add unnecessary costs at a time when the cost of living is already so high. The SNP is the only party that is standing up against Brexit, the only party that says that we should be rejoining the European Union. We should be rejoining that single market that is seven times the size of the UK market. When the choice is so clear, it is no wonder that the Conservatives fear the verdict of the Scottish people. To ask the First Minister what percentage of the premises contracted for delivery of superfast broadband under the R100 scheme have still to be connected. All homes and businesses across Scotland can currently access a superfast broadband service. The R100 contracts are going beyond that by extending access to gigabit-capable broadband that is over 30 times faster than our original commitment. Our programme remains on track to complete build and ensure that all contracted premises are connected by 2028. So far, over 36,100 premises have been connected and the remainder will be phased between now and 2028. The Scottish Government has prioritised investment in digital connectivity in the 24-25 budget, despite, of course, swinging cuts from the UK Government. Recognising, of course, that digital connectivity is a key building block for a green and growing economy. First Minister, the R100 scheme was meant to connect over 114,000 premises, mainly in our rural areas, by 2021. From a freedom of information request, we know that only 29 per cent of those premises have been connected, and the figures in the north are even worse, with only 15 per cent delivered. The scheme for North Scotland has slipped to 2028, seven years late. Does the First Minister accept that the abject failure by his Government is leaving our rural communities behind, and will the R100 scheme be delayed any further? First Minister, first of all, we have a strong track record of delivering successful digital infrastructure. Our broadband initiatives have delivered almost 1 million connections to date, but for Douglas Lumsden, to ask about telecoms. When telecoms is wholly reserved to the UK Government, you could not mark his neck with a blow torch, because we have a strong track record. In fact, when it comes to rural Scotland, we have invested three times more in the R100 north contract than we have in the central or south contract. Any suggestion that North of Scotland has been neglected is simply untrue. Despite the fact that telecoms legislation is wholly reserved to Westminster, the UK Government has invested just £49.4 million of the R100 programme. That stands in stark contrast to the £592 million that the Scottish Government has invested. If we left it to the UK Government, we would all be using dilup modems. I thank God and goodness for the SNP stepping in. Through our efforts, of course, we have delivered over 1 million broadband connections to Scotland today. Thank you. We must move on. I call Beatrice Wishart. Thank you, Presiding Officer. First Minister may recall media coverage of the eye-watering quote of £725,000 given to Shetland residents to get connected to superfast broadband. The broadband voucher scheme, even when pulled with neighbours, wouldn't have covered the cost. Another constituent is investigating the possibility of a community scheme, but finds that inflation has impacted the scheme's real-terms value. Is it time for a rethink of the current voucher scheme offer? I am happy to look at the important issue that Beatrice Wishart does raise. We have had some success when it comes to our R100 programme on a number of our islands and sometimes our most remote islands. Of course, Beatrice Wishart is asking me about Shetland in particular, but when it comes to our contract build on Fair Isle, it was delivered almost two years ahead of schedule in one of the country's most challenging rural locations. What I would say to Beatrice Wishart is that the issues that she raised are important. Of course, if there are tweaks that we can make, understanding particularly the complexities in our island communities, then we are always happy to consider that. To ask the First Minister what steps the Scottish Government is taking to ensure that information on sexually transmitted infections is accessible in light of STIQD, and the reported rising number of cases of sexually transmitted infections in Scotland? Ensuring that people have access to the information and services that they need to make informed choices and to take care of their sexual health is absolutely vital, which is why there are outcomes in our sexual health and blood-borne virus action plan. The plan that was published in November just last year sets out the priority areas for action over the next three years, and it is backed by £1.7 million of Government funding. The Scottish Government is funding a number of projects to support those priorities, including the development of a new sexual health website that is hosted by NHS Inform and production of accessible animated information resources on key sexual health topics, including STI testing in a range of community languages. Vaccinations against STIs also continue to be important in the protection of treatment and disease. Research published by the BMJ last year found that young people in rural and island communities face practical and social barriers to support for sexual wellbeing. Can the First Minister outline what steps the Scottish Government is taking to ensure access to timely STI testing in those areas? That is an important point that everyone rightly raises around the particular complexities and nuances that rural communities face in relation to sexual health care. Rural communities face very unique challenges when it comes to accessing healthcare, and sexual health is no different to that. That is why we do not believe that one size fits all when it comes to delivering healthcare in particular. NHS boards are the experts on their communities, which is why we work with boards to ensure appropriate tailored approaches that are very suitable to local needs. There are a number of projects that will be invested through our sexual health and BBV action plan, which include a significant focus on rural communities. Those include, for example, outreach services in Ayrsharn Arran and exploring the delivery of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and primary care in Grampian. Carol Mocken Thank you, Presiding Officer. Given the importance the First Minister places on this issue, can I ask the First Minister to acknowledge that there are often limited access to in-person sexual health services, particularly, as was mentioned, in rural areas? Even in more urban areas, clinic times can be limited to one session per week, and NHS-informed indicates workforce pressures are causing operational hours to be changeable. Giff, in all of this, can I ask the First Minister what additional investment has been made in sexual health services to ensure that face-to-face appointments can be provided appropriately when requested? The point that has been made by the member is very important indeed. Of course, there will be a number of people who want that face-to-face service, and there will be a number of people who do not want that face-to-face service. All of us should collectivate that there is no stigma in relation to sexual health. People should be able to access the care that they want when they want it, however they want it, be it face-to-face or, indeed, otherwise. In terms of the funding that we are providing, I have mentioned the action plan. It is backed by £1.7 million of funding to improve sexual health and bloodborne virus outcomes. Grants totaling £800,000 have been distributed between a whole wide range of projects, including high-quality innovative projects with health boards, third sector organisations and academia. Many of them provide that face-to-face service that Carol Malkin rightly raises in terms of wider funding for the health service. I am very pleased that, notwithstanding the fact that we have swinging cuts from the UK Government in terms of our budget, we have increased our investment in the NHS to a record £19.5 billion. I move to general and constituency supplementaries, and I call Stuart McMillan. Thank you, Presiding Officer. The First Minister will be aware of the McLeur Solicitor's collapse, which happened in 2021, leaving an estimated 100,000 people affected UK-wide. The firm was a grant-based company with many clients locally. The trust's accession in Scotland Bill passed in December, and the current Regulation and Legal Services Scotland Bill will hopefully make similar situations in the future more manageable. However, would the First Minister provide an assurance that the Scottish Legal Complaints Commission will be supported if they require it to deal with the expected increase in complaints relating to McLeur's as former clients become aware of the collapse and as public information events take place that is similar to the one that was hosted at the Beacon in Greenock with the SLCC early this week, which was attended by 150 people? Yes, I am hopeful that the SLCC will be appropriate funded, and I will come to that point very shortly. I am aware of that matter. I appreciate, as Stuart McMillan has rightly said, the distress that this continues to cause. I can't comment on individual cases that the Scottish Government has taken proactive steps to mitigate against such a situation. In the future, Stuart McMillan is right to raise the issue of the regulation of legal services Scotland Bill, introduce his authorisation of legal businesses, bringing benefits such as greater consistency in regulating legal firms, enabling the regulator to identify and address deficiencies early doors. I understand the concerns that the member raises. The SLCC, in terms of funding, is funded by a lefi paid by legal professions in Scotland, and the SLCC requires to forecast trends and complaints when considering their budget in order to set the lefi. Any proposed lefi takes into account the consideration of potentially increases in complaints, such as complaints relating to the matter that has been raised. Thank you, Presiding Officer. Earlier this week, I attended a protest against East Dunbartshire Council's plans to close the Milan daycare centre. Milan provides a fantastic tailored service to elderly and vulnerable ethnic minority clients. Its service users all say that Milan should be a model for the rest of Scotland to follow, rather than something to be closed down. Does the First Minister agree that local services should cater to all communities, including the needs of ethnic minorities? And what can the Scottish Government do to save Milan and other centres like that? I thank Pam Goswell for raising the issue of the Milan centre. Just this week, yesterday, in fact, I met with the Scottish Hindu Foundation, a recently established organisation, on behalf of the Hindu community. It raised the issue of the Milan centre to me. I said that we would engage with the local authority in this case, East Dunbartonshire, in order to see what more we could do in order to assist. Of course, those are decisions that are being made by local authorities. That is why, of course, when the Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Deputy First Minister announced her budget, she announced an uplift for local government. I agree that community services are incredibly important. They should cater to the needs of all of our diverse communities. What does not help, of course, is that we continue to receive a £500 million cut in our block grant since 2022-23. Despite those swinging cuts, we have decided to prioritise local government by giving them an uplift in 2024-25. Glasgow City Council presented the service with an unworkable budget of £650,000 down from £1.5 million, but the funding was previously ring-fenced by the Scottish Government, which signed off a reduction in the funding in a letter on 31 May last year. That decision has effectively resulted in the closure of the service. Is the First Minister content that there is now no bed facility for women offenders with drug use as the main problem that has kept hundreds of women out of jail? The Lillia Centre in Maryhill, which is brilliant, cited by the cabinet secretary in her response, is not an alternative to custody disposal. Ministers surely cannot wash their hands of the tragic outcome. I know the 218 project well. I visited the 218 project in the past when I was on the Justice Committee many years ago. It is a project that I know is doing some excellent work. That is, of course, the decision that was made by Glasgow City Council on the services that they are able to fund. I am more than happy to ask the justice secretary to engage with Glasgow City Council on that particular issue, because I know that the excellent work that turning point 218 has done over the years. We know that, by giving that really intensive support to female offenders, we can stop that cycle of re-offending. It is a project that I know of and that I value very, very highly. Of course, we have maintained our budget in relation to the national mission, in dealing with drugs deaths in particular, but this Government that nobody should be in any doubt believes in community justice disposals. That is why I will ask the appropriate cabinet secretary to pick this issue up with Glasgow City Council. It was sad to hear that Marks and Spencer's have decided to close their Aberdeen, St Nicholas straight store. A blow that has been lessened by the fact that they intend to invest and expand Union Square in Aberdeen. However, the site of St Nicholas Street on Union Street is a very important one. I have asked the local authority and other stakeholders to come together to form a task force to ensure that we can have a bright future for that site and Union Street as a whole. The First Minister has previously ensured investment in our Union Street project to help with regeneration of Aberdeen city centre. Can I ask him if the Government would serve in such a task force if it comes to fruition? I hope that he will agree to do so. I will be happy to give that consideration. As the member has already rightly said, we value our city centres, our town centres and we are working hard to make sure that they are as vibrant as possible. A flourishing and vibrant city centre is essential for the social and economic well-being of our cities and of Aberdeen as well. That is why we provided, as the member said, £400,000 to the community-led Aberdeen Our Union Street initiative, which aims to revitalise the town centre building on the city centre's regeneration plans. However, if Kevin Stewart can furnish me with the details of the task force that he is proposing, we will give that due consideration. Liz Smith Thank you. Four months have passed since the Scottish Government announced a full public inquiry into Professor Eljam El, but we still have no confirmation of the appointed chair, no confirmation of the start date of the one-to-one clinical reviews, and as revealed by the Courier newspaper, no confirmation from you as First Minister that the public inquiry will start in 2024. Can I ask the First Minister for confirmation on all those points? The First Minister It is fully my expectation, of course, that the public inquiry starts in 2024. By that, of course, we should have a judge appointed, an inquiry chair appointed, very shortly, I would hope, because the Lord President rightly has been involved in the process of appointing an inquiry chair and discussions, I can say, are at a very advanced stage. Planning for the independent clinical reviews is also well under way, and further discussions are continuing early next week. We will see more as soon as we can, as with the announcement of the inquiry, we will ensure that former patients are informed directly wherever possible. However, I would like to say to those who have suffered greatly at the hands of Professor Eljam El. We do not want them waiting a moment longer in order for the public inquiry to begin, and I can give them absolute confidence that there is a lot of work happening somewhat behind the scenes at the moment with the appropriate authorities, including the Lord President, to ensure that an appropriate inquiry chair is appointed. The next item of business is a member's business debate in the name of Ruth Maguire, and there will now be a short suspension to allow those who are leaving the chamber and the public gallery to do so.

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Persian Family Holiday to Malaysia (ولاگ تعطیلات خانواده ایرانی در مالزی) | persianbunny

Our last family holiday of the summer was in Malaysia and it was so beautiful! We were so glad we got to bring you along! If you haven't seen my other family travel vlogs, make sure you check them out below! Thailand Vlog: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLPghx5hcts Tehran Vlog: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prquHTvIKVY&t=421s SOOO much love for my Youtube Family xxx If you want to join my little fam, don't forget to subscribe :) My socials: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/persianbunny/?hl=en Twitter: https://twitter.com/thepersianbunny?lang=en Snapchat: sepiisamaee

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Hey everyone and welcome back to another vlog with me, Sephi, Andrea Jules I'm from Malaysia We are in Kuala Lumpur airport We just landed from Thailand If you haven't watched my Thailand vlog, I'll link it down below That's where I got the sunburn, in case you want to see We're in Kuala Lumpur Ah, you're so cute! Say hi to the vlog Say hi everybody So we are in Kuala Lumpur today and tomorrow And then we go to Langkawi And obviously, I thought I'd bring you guys along Like I have done this whole summer And, Andrea Jules Look at these, what are you doing? She's like breaking everything in this Did you break things? She's like breaking just one moment She's like, oh sorry, sorry, I break this Oh sorry, oh sorry Okay, if you see us in duty-free We're probably the one who broke it all So, welcome to Kuala Lumpur As you can see on my left Is Coach And on my right is Tori Birch Behind me, right in front of the camera Is Sephi Hashtag Persian Bunny But behind her, Persian Bunny Is Persian Honey Yes, exactly She's like, stop pulling my rucksack She's pulling me back with my rucksack Honestly, if I'm Persian Honey or Bunny So we've arrived at our hotel here in Kuala Lumpur This is the Shangri-La Hotel in Kuala Lumpur It's literally like right in the centre of the city And I'm running late, I'm just going to grab my shoes FYI, I hate not unpacking But we're not here long enough for me to not unpack Tonight's outfit of the night Is a crop top from Forever 21 I got this when I went out with my cousin, Niko Shout out to you These jeans are from the Zara sale I got them for $12.99 Crazy, right? And these shoes are from Zara sale from last year Yeah Sol's looking so cute She's wearing a red dress from I Saw It First Turn around so we can see Are you wearing high heels? And so cute So just got back to the hotel I've just come to my mom and dad's room Because my dad Didn't come out with us to eat He was really tired so we brought him food I thought I'd show you guys their room Because they're staying in a suite In case any of you are coming to Kuala Lumpur And I wanted to see what the rooms look like Here at the Shangri-La So this is like Kitchen area This is the kitchen area When you first walk in And this is the living room This is the living room area And the bedroom Good morning It is 11.30 We've just had breakfast We're packing our stuff Because today we're going To an island Called Langkawi In Malaysia But we've got like Most of the day here in Kuala Lumpur This is the view How pretty What a pretty view So we want to go and just explore A bit I think we're here for a day again Before we fly back home So we're kind of like Spreading the time that we're spending here In half Because we have to come back here anyway So today we're just going to do some of our exploring But I think on the way back we'll do the rest Of our exploring Today's outfit I'm wearing this crop top from Forever 21 It wasn't on sale and I got it just before I came on this trip So you guys should still be able to purchase it And I'm wearing I should probably put the camera down I'm wearing these shorts They're from Zara Again, they weren't on sale They bought them just before I came So they should still be able to install I'm wearing my mom's sandals She has these really nice sandals that she got From a market She has these really nice sandals that she got In Turkey I think in Istanbul When she went in November They're like metallic I don't know if you guys have me on Insta If you don't it's Persian Bunny Make sure you follow So I'll be wearing those shoes I have to wear it from her But basically this hotel So I'm going to have to go down there In the hotel sandals And take the shoes from her We just went to the Kings castle And now we are at I can't get it in It's got a theme park Inside it It's got loads of shopping And I'm vlogging And sign the snapping So we're just going to be looking around For like an hour and a bit And then we're going to go to the next stop We don't really have a lot of shopping To do And He was like Do you want money to go? They're just cheap So we are in Kuala Airport We are going to Which is an island But we'll get back to you in Langkawi Langkawi We've arrived at the hotel In Langkawi We've arrived at the hotel In Langkawi Langkawi We've arrived at the hotel In Langkawi Langkawi Langkawi Langkawi Hotel We are staying at the The West Inn Hotel In Langkawi And it is so Beautiful right? It's amazing Nice I think we view everything Tell them We view everything Just we order drink and food We are waiting to come I believe We have the best hotel We have the best hotel Yes definitely I would say it's the best hotel And we haven't even seen it in daytime yet Thank you very much And all around the sea Is like little islands And you can just see it from where we're sitting for dinner Thank you very much But we're just going to enjoy some dinner now And probably play card games And have a few drinks And then go to skis Early tomorrow And enjoy the day for me So it is the next day And Why am I talking so slowly We just had a really chilled day By the pool Sorry our room is such a mess I woke up to like thunderstorms And it was raining And then about one o'clock All of the rain cleared up And it was boiling hot sun I was sunbathing all day How funny they have the sign on the door I don't know if you can read it Let me put my hand behind it So you can see But it says for your safety Please do not feed the monkeys Don't feed the monkeys Don't leave the doors open It's quite funny So this is the view from our balcony And I saw some monkeys go off there And that's like a villa thing And it's ocean view But it's like the most beautiful view in the hotel Because you've got the view of the ocean And then you've got the view of the mountains as well I can't get over how picturesque everything is I feel a bit worried Holding my camera out like this Because I have been warned that monkeys Will come and just grab things From you Like two doors down Like that balcony there When I was sitting out here in the afternoon They had their crisps like stolen From the window And then the kid came running at me And the monkey took my chips So it was super cute and funny See I'm just mindful Because I saw some monkeys on that tree over there Super mindful But the ocean Was really Nice temperature But I would say that If you guys have watched my Thailand vlog The ocean in Thailand Is much easier to walk It's much easier to walk in the ocean In Thailand The sand is much smoother And the smoothest Of them all is can I think can beaches the best And also the sun lounges Can be moved around I know it sounds so silly but in case You guys think about these stuff like I do In can you can move the sun People come and move the sun lounges Around according to the sun Not the sun lounges What's it called like the umbrella thing They move the umbrellas around according to the sun This way if you want to get a tan Or if you don't want to get a tan You can easily sit in the same spot And just have the umbrella moved But Here it's a bit more difficult In terms of sitting down and stuff Here and in Thailand Because the place is already set In terms of getting a tan This might sound so relevant to you guys But some of you who watch my travel vlogs Will know that I like getting a tan I think these climates Are much easier to tan in And then for example in can I feel like can I don't know is dry sun Malaysia is much more humid than Thailand as well And if you guys haven't watched my Thailand vlog I went to Bangkok and Koh Samui Make sure you go and watch that vlog That was also an amazing trip And it was literally just before I came here But honestly I can't get over How beautiful this view is I'll take you guys To our pool And stuff tomorrow So you can see for yourselves If you like it or not We're staying at the west end So we're at dinner We're playing drinking games And Sogan's lost her bet So she's going to dance I lost the bet as well So my Loss is not as bad as us I lost the bet And we told her she has to dance for the live band I'm dead I'm embarrassed just filming this She lost the bet and she has to dance to Frozen Everyone's waiting Sogan's lost So now it's Roy just Zip it to Vassal She has an audience too The sky What is it called? Skybridge The Langkawi Skybridge It's like a huge tourist point of attraction And just look at Can you see how the clouds I'm going to put it on The clouds are so low It's awesome So we're going to get on these telecabins That take you up into the jungle Like up into the mountain slash jungle And like you have a view from above Of the whole city And it's so cool As you can see we are back in the cab Because The weather was too cloudy So they've closed the skybridge But it's cool We're going to go sunbathing We're going to chill And to poop So we're in our hotel in Langkawi And means if you're trying to figure out How to do this video We're trying to do a video with that Kiki song Basically We're trying to in my feelings video In this cart We'll see how it turns out Look these are the carts We just got ready for dinner Signed an exorbitant Filming an outfit She's wearing a dress from This guy did And heels that she got in Malaysia Didn't you? And I love her like her makeup She's got like Olive oil Hersh and bunny What do you feel my outfit? Yeah I got these jeans that I love from Lazara sale for $12.99 I think I've said this like a million times Clear heels from the sky And I just Accessorized them with these cold hoops that I have And separately We want to go to St. Regis Hotel which is another hotel down the road For dinner but we apparently don't have space But we're going to try our best It happens if it doesn't we'll just come back to our own hotel And eat I'm starving We would eat out but we're kind of overdressed For all of the restaurants that would Be outdoors And also we had We had KFC We had KFC out for lunch Yeah I would fail the attempt of going on the sky Cabin thing The KFC wasn't good so I'm not going to lie London KFC is better The fries was better The fries was better than London Now I like to say it was thin, crunchy fries But the burger was Nowhere near as good It was smaller and just not as good But it is Yeah I didn't like it Really I don't think that You know London KFC Can I just say Dubai KFC Dubai Burger King The Dubai KFC The Dubai Burger King Is so much better I can't even tell you guys how much better It is She just ignored the vlog Honestly jokes aside I forgot what I was saying Let's scratch this part out So come show your outfit to the vlog I love what Sol's wearing by the way How pretty Sol is wearing this floral top From Forever 21 And she's wearing What else are you wearing I'm actually wearing my dress As a skirt She looks so beautiful Alright I'll let you guys know If we make it into that restaurant You'll basically just find out in the next clip Her food looks so young I don't know what restaurant it is I don't know I don't know I'm not sure I'm not sure I don't know We're just going to breakfast This is the last one Vlogging breakfast is realized The weather looks So beautiful you guys I'll show you Look at that Hello Can I have room number please My room number is 1411 Look who I found This is like the breakfast area My mom wants you to see Howby Buggy Say hi crew Going to the St. Regis Hotel It's actually next to our hotel And it's the western name St. Regis or St. Regis I don't know how you pronounce that But they're two are connected Because they have the same owner And they're literally side by side So we just use the same beach And yeah it's quite cool This beach is so incredibly Beautiful I can't even explain to you Like a picture And Everyone's just swimming in the ocean Of course Making shisha by the pool Or having cocktails Just doing their own thing My feet are burning Signers lying on that bed Yeah I will And this was the hotel The St. Regis We're just going to dinner Last night here In Langkawi It's the last night of my summer holidays Tomorrow night I'll just be Ditching the airplane Flying the whole day But I just want to say thank you guys This isn't the end of the vlog But thank you guys if you've watched all my Summer vlogs you can see It's definitely been the best summer Of my life Hands down I'm just going to put it out there I wore it first You'll see in a sec We've officially reached The end of the Malaysia vlog Because we're leaving Malaysia Say bye Bye But before I say bye I have to tell you Don't forget to subscribe to my channel down below As I'm heading home There won't be travel vlogs In a couple weeks I'm going to be filming other stuff If you look at my channel I will be filming a lot more Land and vlogs But also everything else So make sure you subscribe down below Follow my socials My Instagram is PersianBunny That's PersianHoney My Twitter is thePersianBunny And my Snapchat is stephiesamai Thank you guys so much for watching Say peace out Peace Peace Peace Peace Peace Peace Peace Peace

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NFL Super Bowl Betting Preview With George Chahrouri

Super Bowl LV is set with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers primed to host the Kansas City Chiefs from their home stadium. Which numbers stand out when trying to bet this game? George Chahrouri of the PFF Forecast Podcast joins The Power Rank's Dr. Ed Feng and numberFire's Jim Sannes to preview the game, discussing his read on the spread and the total, what the Bucs need to do to win, and his favorite props currently posted at FanDuel Sportsbook. Covering The Spread is a sports betting podcast that uses analytics to find edges across the sporting landscape. Hosted by Jim Sannes of numberFire and Dr. Ed Feng of The Power Rank, Covering The Spread is part of the FanDuel Podcast Network. Subscribe to the Covering The Spread Podcast ⬇️ Apple Podcasts: http://bit.ly/CTS-Podcast Spotify: http://bit.ly/CTS-Spotify Stitcher: http://bit.ly/CTS-Stitcher Google Play: http://bit.ly/CTS-Google Watch more Covering The Spread videos: http://bit.ly/CTS-Videos Watch more Sports Betting videos: http://bit.ly/Sports-Betting-Videos Subscribe to FanDuel on YouTube for the best fantasy advice and sports betting picks: http://bit.ly/sub2FanDuel Follow Jason on Twitter: https://twitter.com/jasonrmcintyre Follow Jim on Twitter: http://twitter.com/JimSannes Follow Ed on Twitter: https://twitter.com/thepowerrank Follow Nick on Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheKostos Follow Olivia on Twitter: https://twitter.com/livmoods Follow the FanDuel Podcasts Network on Twitter: http://twitter.com/FanDuelPodcasts Follow numberFire on Twitter: http://twitter.com/numberFire FanDuel on Twitter: http://twitter.com/fanduel FanDuel on Instagram: http://instagram.com/fanduel/ FanDuel on YouTube: http://youtube.com/user/FanduelVideos Read more from Jim on numberFire: http://bit.ly/Jim-Sannes-Articles #NFL #Betting #BestBets About FanDuel: FanDuel Group is an innovative sports-tech entertainment company that is changing the way consumers engage with their favorite sports, teams, and leagues. The premier gaming destination in the United States, FanDuel Group consists of a portfolio of leading brands across gaming, sports betting, daily fantasy sports, advance-deposit wagering, and TV/media, including FanDuel, Betfair US, and TVG. FanDuel Group has a presence across 45 states and 8.5 million customers.

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This is covering the spread here are your hosts Jim Saunas and Dr. Ed Fang What is going on everybody? Welcome on into covering the spread That's right here on the fan dual podcast network in numberfire.com where today We are getting our first look at Super Bowl 55 with George Chowhury of Pro football focus in the pff forecast podcast getting his thoughts on the Bucks versus the Chiefs and a couple of player props He likes as well. My name is Jim Saunas. I am a senior writer and analyst for numberfire.com joined here as always by Dr. Ed Fang you can find his work at thepowerank.com No, Ed, you were on the Bucks plus three this past weekend How relieved were you when you saw Matt LaFleur decide to kick the field goal versus trying for the touchdown on 4th down? I was relieved enough to be snarky on Twitter and say hey I thought this was like go for it territory for non-analytics folks But you know, yeah, it was nice, right? I mean you look the the Packers path to covering three three and a half was was pretty slim at that point anyways, right? So, I mean you could definitely see a push and they converted there But it was interesting because I feel like that play showed off a lot of personalities on Twitter If you want some bad words you go check out Nick Costos in that moment You want the kind of the typical analytics reaction go to Ben Baldwin and and his He was non-plussed at the the decision to go for it but then you know, he has actually has a bot that tells him, you know increase in win probability and kicking going for fourth and eight was only plus like 1.3 percent win probability So that's not huge right and the reason is because eight yards is a tall order, right? Yeah, it's not fourth and three that would have been a Much different story in terms of you know, your likelihood of converting that and going for a touchdown So, yeah, I know it was a moment that I'll remember for a while And yeah, I just enjoyed, you know catching all the different reactions on Twitter So I was watching I think it was actually George Chaurory who we're talking here in a little bit He was talking to Ben Baldwin about that bot and apparently the bot assumed they would go for one as opposed to going for two Once Ben made the adjustment for that it was three and a half points I think of win probability Which is like it doesn't sound like a lot But this is the point that George made on Twitter was that when your odds baseline are seven percent and your odds Do you go for it or ten point five percent? You're gonna take the ten point five percent every time that is actually a significant difference And so I think that that is noteworthy that Once the amendment was made it was pretty impactful, but also like I listen to Matlow floor's justification For deciding to go for the field goal. He said we had the two-minute warning We had three feet three timeouts. We effectively had four timeouts, right? But then you think about it the other way think about if you go for it You don't make it it's the Buccaneers ball in the yard line you still have all those four timeouts because the play is probably not going to take eight seconds So you still have those four timeouts you have the Bucks backed up to their yard line and your aggressiveness as Bruce Arians in That situation will be different than if the situation where you're at the 35 or 30 yard line or whatever so I Understand what he's saying when Matlow floor is saying I get where he's coming from however I Think the advantages of having the Bucks on the eight yard line if you don't make it and still having those quote-unquote four timeouts Are really impactful and I feel like that kind of got overlooked in the in the equation when he was deciding to kick that Sure for sure and also by another Ben Baldwin product like He had been the most aggressive person on fourth down this entire year and it wasn't really close So this was the place that John Harbaugh was at last year and Green Bay had been really aggressive So it was definitely a changing character and then you know the other to me The most critical play in the game was the fourth and three that Tampa Bay had with 13 seconds left in the first half so So I'm sitting around watching the game with a Packers fan. I'm like dude. There's 13 seconds left. You have to there's There's little risk in going for it right because you're only leaving the Packers with like a player or two from midfield He got pretty mad at me which I understand but But Bruce Arians is one of the least aggressive people on fourth down And if that if the game script is just slightly different and there's 20 seconds or maybe 30 seconds left in the first half I presume he punched that on fourth and three from midfield So instead You make you know, you make the fourth and three and then you know You watch Kevin King screw up again and let a receiver get by him. That is a critical I mean, I mean clearly it's a critical seven points with the way that with the with the way the game played out Right? Yeah, cuz then you you know, and then it's hard to overcome the three picks that Brady had in the second half So to me that was like the critical play in the game and it could have gone way differently Just with the amount of time left in the half Well, it's also wild the defense that was played there You know Kevin King obviously had a rough game But like he was put on an island against a guy with a lot of speed and Scotty Miller and asked, you know Cover him by yourself and like I'm guessing what Mike Petten was thinking the defense coordinator for Green Bay He was thinking hey, you know, there's not a lot of time left. They may try to You know throw it to the sideline to try to pick up some additional yardage because there were six seconds left in the half But like I think because there were six seconds left You should have said okay. They don't have enough time to run it out here pick up ten yards and kick the field goal They're probably gonna bomb it deep You should have at least thought about the scenario where they bomb it deep and go for the Hail Mary, which is what happened so Again Kevin King deserves his fair share of criticism too But the idea that you put him on an island against again a very fast guy and Scotty Miller like that seems ill-advised and It's weird that we're kind of forgetting about that play Because the decision at the end of the fourth quarter was so egregious like any other situation We are harping on that end of the half play way more than we are But they managed to make a decision that was even more wild later in the game that overshadowed The craziest play call you possibly could have imagined on defense Yep Yeah, I mean look it was a terrible terrible way to lose if you're Green Bay Yeah, like there was there how many needles that you got stuck into your skin and just the worst possible way during those three hour three Plus hours, so but I mean, you know, you know the game kind of had instant classic written all over it and Lived up to it. Yeah, absolutely. It's a fun game to watch like even though I don't want to watch sloppy play and the three interceptions in the second half by Tom Brady We're a little bit sloppy I'm more accepting a sloppy play when it's Tom Brady because I think it's funnier than so I'll definitely take it for sure We're gonna bring on George Chowhury of pro football focus. You can find them on the PFF forecast podcast and find them on Twitter at PFF underscore George We're gonna preview Super Bowl 55 with George talk through the game talk through the prep work that NBC does with pro football focus To get ready for their Sunday night football games really fun conversation there dear the kind of the nuts and bolts of the broadcast We'll also talk to them about props as well next week. We'll have an additional show on covering the spread and it's gonna be a fun one It's our first ever live covering the spread. It'll be Thursday 6 p.m. Eastern on the fangal YouTube, which Facebook and Periscope channels last year We had JJ Zachary Sennah to talk player props for Super Bowl He had Pat Mahomes first touchdown score a 20 to 1 So we're gonna bring JJ back on also be joined by Aaron Kate Dolan of fangal We're get her thoughts on Super Bowl 55 talks and props if you have questions We'll be take the way able to take those live on air, too So Ed we're taking cover in the spread and going live feels kind of big time. I like it Yeah, I like it too. I'm looking forward to it. I'm looking for learning from others You know the Super Bowl props that I I should be betting. Yes, absolutely So we'll be talking about those next week It will be on YouTube But we'll also post it on here the same podcast feed after the facts if you are a podcast listener Don't want to go to YouTube understandable. I don't tend to watch stuff on YouTube either You can still be subscribed to covering the spread wherever you get your podcast will be live there later on before we talk to George Though would you have to go back through last week pretty good week for the podcast across the board when it came to the conference championships Covering the past Last week you're on covering the spread we had Jason McIntyre on to preview the conference championships You can find Jason on Twitter at Jason our McIntyre makes you out make sure you check out the straight fire Podcast as well We all had action on that first game between the Bucks and the Packers as mentioned Ed had the Bucks plus three Jason and the Packers minus three I had the over at 51 and a half and the spread did close at three The total rose during the week and wound up at 53 so a point and a half of value there And you had the right read on the game the Bucks offense through three picks, but you still got the win That's got to feel pretty good. I ate it by some Wild decisions by Green Bay, but still a good process bet regardless. They did win that one 31 to 26 So you got the cover. I got the over pretty good week for us and Jason Also did say that he liked the over on Marquez Valdez scantlings. We're seeing prop 31 and a half yards He had a 50-yard touchdown the first half. It's nice to sweat those things that boom I was looking for his tweet to retweet it, but I couldn't find it But like yeah boom one play done I mean if you can get one play over and that was that was what we said about Marquez Valdez scantling Yep, so that was helpful for sure exactly what he said. So so that was exactly the clip that you guys posted on Twitter So it was I didn't know we're doing clips from that game from that from that podcast. Hey worked out for me I will not complain. Thanks Cal. Appreciate that in the late game Jason was on the chiefs minus three against the bills We talked before Patrick Mahomes had cleared concussion protocol, but Jason said hey You know he's gonna clear we're good with this. I'll lay the three with the cheese and the number did close at three Which I thought was Interesting it got to three and a half and I think it might have been at four honestly at one point on Friday after Mahomes clear, but it went back to three when it closed They did fall down early three or nine nothing, but I don't know I don't know about you But like when it was 14 nine and the cheese were on top I kind of felt like it was over at that point Do you have a similar feeling that like once the cheese were ahead that game was just done? Um, I mean not necessarily, but I just feel like you saw how efficient their offense was you saw how I mean You know 64% success rate on passing plays and it felt like more so I mean maybe in that sense I felt like it was done But maybe in that sense I Okay, so maybe I didn't feel like it was done because I expected more out of Josh Allen Yeah, and they you know he just didn't have a great game Just just made just held on the ball too long a couple times You know wasn't didn't have a great game. It's fine. He had a great season So in that sense, I didn't think like it was over but But yeah, I mean I mean Kansas City was was was was on fire. Yeah, and Unfortunately didn't see the full Josh Allen experience We got see couple glimpses of bad Josh, but I'm sure that Josh Allen back next year So we can watch him then Brian Dable back So the bill's still a team will be talking I think about in positive terms next year So good call by Jason on the cheese minus three and with the MVS prop So no cover for him on Green Bay versus Tampa Bay But still a good week overall for Jason check him out on Twitter at Jason our McIntyre and also check out these straight fire Podcasts we're gonna bring George Chow worry on in just a second But first the Kansas City Chiefs and Tampa Bay Buccaneers That's I'm sure you've heard are set to battle next Sunday Vandal sportsbook is giving you a chance to get in on the action with some can't miss odds right now New users can wager up to five dollars and either the Chiefs or the Bucks at plus fifty five hundred odds That is right a five dollar bet on either team can win you two hundred and seventy five Dollars next Sunday will be here before you know it So download the Vandal sportsbook app and make your first deposit to see the enhanced odds today must be 21 Plus in present New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Colorado, West Virginia, Iowa, Virginia Michigan Ed, Tennessee or Indiana new users only must wager on the designated boost markets must be 21 plus and present there as well See full terms at sportsbook.fandual.com Max bonus 275 dollars gambling problem called 1 800 gambler in Colorado called 1 800 5 2 2 4700 in West Virginia visit 1 800 gambler net in Indiana called 1 800 9 with it Born Tennessee called the Tennessee Red Line 1 800 8 8 9 9 7 8 9 mine endlessly grateful that there is not an additional phone number for Michigan or Virginia But welcome the Fandual sportsbook family. We're gonna bring George Chow Rory on now Make sure you check him out on Twitter at pff underscore George and check out the pff forecast podcast as well Let's get his thoughts and Super Bowl 55 Covering the present Let's bring George Chow Rory into covering the spread to break down Super Bowl 55 between the Chiefs and the Bucks George. We appreciate the time. How you doing today? I'm doing great. It's the first week without football So part of me wants to kind of you know chill out a little bit But then you want to analyze from every angle that you can possibly imagine the best match for the year So it's a great week. I'm excited man I almost didn't think we'd get here, but we're here. Well, it's not just the Super Bowl We also have like all this quarterback news like we got Jared Goff We got Matthew Stafford Aaron Rodgers might be not super happy like usually It's it's like a little bit of a break to have this off week But it feels like everything is kind of combined to make sure no No, no, you will get no rest until after the Super Bowl and probably well after because like it just feels like the News cycle is setting up for this this all season to be totally wild Which means you get no off week between the conference championships in the Super Bowl here I'm here for it. I'm here for the quarterback madness. I think it's gonna be great. I someone made a comment that was like We're gonna see a lot of teams trade out their Average quarterback for another average quarterback, and I was like this is just how this is just dating in most people's lives NFL gets to experience it now That's hilarious. Yeah, I was tweeting this morning about like, please don't trade to Sean Watson, which it's probably no-brainer amongst this group, but Yeah, that's a that's a great. That's a great example George. Hey George We're gonna get to the Super Bowl a little bit later But I've actually been dying to ask you about your work with PFF and the Sunday night football broadcast Tell us about like what you do with that and and how that goes down. Yeah, that's actually kind of how I Got into PFF. I started Working with the NBC broadcast obviously Chris is the analyst on the broadcast and so We do a lot of things behind the scenes not just for Chris But for the whole production crew which is kind of preparing their graphics team with interesting pieces for the game Preparing their production team in terms of like what to expect from different matchups and stuff like that And then over the course of time we have built in a lot more analytical robustness So I'm thinking about fourth downs two point conversions When to pass when to run things that I think a lot of people that spend their life in analytics and football Like yeah, it's a no-brainer But then it angers them when they watch a broadcast because that often is not something that The broadcast crew is attuned to so it's really a weekly thing. I'd say it starts as soon as the game ends on Sunday night We produce a pretty robust preview that goes to Fred Godelli Chris and Al and the whole graphics team Fred Godelli being the executive producer And then kind of throughout the week up until about Thursday. We're ironing that out Making sure everything is, you know, double check triple checked all that stuff Thursday into Friday kind of condensing those notes for Chris Up until game time and then during the game We're monitoring things like fourth downs letting Chris know if this is an obvious go for it situation or you know, heaven forbid you should kick a field goal or punts And communicating that to you know, Fred and the graphics team so everyone's aligned. So it's cool. I get to be On the heads that I have a setup in the office in Cincinnati that gives me a live feed So I get to see the game before everyone else sees it, which is pretty cool And I get to hear this is the best part. I get to hear Al Chris and then Fred the producer talk off air Which is honestly priceless Well, that's so cool And it's been a very relevant discussion talking about the fourth down decisions the field goals and you know two-point conversion attempts or Decisions with that as well with the past couple of weeks Is it frustrating for you when you watch a broadcast from another network where They may not have the same data that you have is it frustrating to hear the Conversation around things such as two-point conversion attempts fourth down attempts Knowing that it may not necessarily be as informed as what you may have You know when when they actually do put stock into the information you're providing Yeah, it is and I would say it's honestly Um, it's more front. Here's what frustrates me the most What frustrates me the most is we'll spend all this time prepping You know giving Chris everything and every once in a while. He'll say something like, you know, I hope they get the run game going You know for the play action game and he says it, you know He's been calling football for so long that there's so many things that he says that are second nature And he has to make it sound good And so I know he's never doing it on purpose But I know that someone out there thinks that I'm okaying that beforehand So that frustrates me and it's through no one's fault Of their own the other broadcasts are interesting because to me that is That is not the talent's fault Not the people on screen. It is the error of the production teams. They need to think about these things. They need to You know their job is to tell the story of the game And there are so many football fans out there that have no idea in it in 2021 What actually math is telling us about these things and I think it's just they need to put more investment in there I think, um, you know, fox is a Broadcast team that we've worked a decent amount with and I know that troi and joe are trying Um, and so that's really encouraging and it's one of these things where I always try to remind myself Like we spend our lives thinking about it. This is the 50th thing These guys are thinking about so I've gotten more calm. That's my way of saying I've calmed down And I think the the talent discussion is worthwhile because like when you're in that moment It's so hard to you mean you have to give analysis. You have to go through all that stuff Like you said, it's the 50th thing you're thinking about trying to break down the math trying to break down Different paths that could play out. It's a really tough thing So I think that your emphasis on The production and like obviously they have a lot on their play too You're like I'm not saying that like their main focus should be on the analytical side of things But like there's a lot going on. It's really hard to try to juggle all those things So I think that you're right to bring up the fact that like We get frustrated with the broadcasters because they're the ones who say it But like at the end of the day, there is a lot on their plate that they have to juggle So I think that your emphasis in like it has to be a team effort I think that that that that is a smart topic to bring up too and I would point this out I think one of the inefficiencies in football not from just for broadcast standpoint But in football throughout is a focus on minor details That don't matter nearly as much as macro decision-making matters And a great example of this is the fourth down in the green bay game Right, you probably spent as a as a broadcaster preparing for that so much time looking at You know, I don't know wide receiver cornerback matchups, right? It when in reality people are moving all over the place De Bonte Adams in nine different positions on the field every other snap And and you cannot let those small things Get in the way of making the right decision in those big Big moments because that can cost you the game it cost them the game twice Right, it cost them the game at the end of the half when Tom Brady ran circles around the entire green bay coaching staff And then it cost them at the end of the game when they took the MVP And said you go sit down. We're not going to give you a chance to win the game Yeah, for sure. I mean I I don't wherever like I think the broadcasts do have a hard job I would like to actually try and I'm sure I would really fail But I love that that you are, you know, you're in there You're in there with the conversations and I presume that your your executive producer is very Open to the analytics and including you right Yeah, Fred. So Fred Godelli is a magician Al and Chris are incredible at their job But Fred Godelli is legitimately 99 of the things that Al or Chris says you go. Wow, that's incredible Fred told him five seconds to go to say it You know like that guy is so on top of it He studies more than I think the coaches do And he's always trying to improve and learn more and he admits he goes like I'm not a math guy But I recognize that this is an important thing to consider So we want to bring it in here and I'm not saying I'm going to understand it every time like two point conversions And we had this conversation last year because it was really pertinent I forget who it was that did it in a big spot that went for two And and it was a big conversation I was trying to explain it to him and he goes, you know, I'm going to need this explain me nine more times I trust you. I know we need to include it and I think that is the type of mentality It's honestly the type of mentality coaches need to have and and producers Fred is great Yeah, no, absolutely And I feel like we can't really put an analytics guy in the booth And we probably shouldn't because that guy is just going to sit there and be like a small sample size. Yep But I feel like we get an analytics guy on the pregame show So george, if you don't want to do it, I'm definitely up for it But that's where we got to get like more of this conversation Because a lot of people watch that pregame show, right? Like that's like the most consumed beside the game That's the most consumed sports content out there And I think that would be like the next progression For this country as a full nation Analytics a little gambling tone to it And then here's my thought in game because I agree with you I don't want to listen. I love listening to Alan Chris. I love listening to Troy and Joe. They're really good at their jobs But when there's a big officiating call, they bring in Terry McCauley Yeah, and Terry's great for those 30 seconds that he's on there Bring someone in to talk about the fourth down decision Like that to me would be a really cool way of enhancing the broadcast without what I think a lot of people are trying to do Which is change something that I think works really well with the the people that we have in the booth Well, and it goes back to what you said too where they have the broadcasts themselves is so much on their minds But they need to juggle and think about let them focus on their specialty like you know Chris is a former player let him focus on the things that he knows really well and Don't shovel everything on to his plate and expect him to know everything You can bring on this analytics person who can discuss the math behind why you want to go for two when you score Touchdown down 14 like that having that and allowing people to focus on their specialty I feel like would open up It would make the broadcasts better But also it would not put undue pressure on the broadcasters to talk about things that they you know Don't focus on as much as we do it would get rid of the phrase that I just love hearing which is well the analytics Yeah, you know the reference to this like well the analytics say and then it's probably something the analytics Don't actually say like that's usually what follows it. Well here comes analytics onto the field again Forcing us to watch this team try and score more points. I'm really frustrated about that, you know And I think it would be fun Al oftentimes You know, he's so great at interjecting his personality which everyone loves in the broadcast and I think he would do a really good job of playing back and forth with that and Allowing the viewers out there that are a little confused or think differently And he would he would give he would bring them in, you know, he'd say I don't I don't Agree with that, you know and and give some and and allow a little bit of back and forth That I think would help the conversation because one of the things that we need to get better at Is not talking down to people, you know, just because you happen to Understand, you know probability a little better like good for you, you know, like Bring people in instead of you know, and I'm guilty of it plenty of the time too So, you know, I'm not saying that I'm some almighty being here, but I think it would help Yeah, absolutely making it more open everyone is always because no one's gonna listen to you if you're condescending all the time So I think that's a good point to make too. So hopefully you can sit back and yeah exactly Hopefully you can sit back and enjoy the broadcast on sunday before we talk about the Super Bowl here, george Let's recap this past year because on the pff forecast podcast you guys are talking betting a lot and I feel like personally I learned a lot during 2020, but I also want to talk to our guests about what they learned during 2020 Big lessons for next year. So what about for you george? What were things you learned from this past year as a better that you think you can make yourself better next year? Yeah, this is a great question And I loved it when when you sent it over and I thought a bunch about it and there are so many different things That that come to mind here are a couple The first is that I think this year even though we talk about it a lot It sometimes got the better of me in in thinking about placing bets and that is Being overcome with zeal for a great defensive performance And that is not to take anything away from great defensive performances But statistically we just know that there's a lot more variance in how defenses perform from week to week and so While you want to be impressed by it when it happens you don't want to bet on it happening again all the time and The way that I would phrase it for people is like to me as I was going through the season What I tried to do every week was look at who are the best teams? Who are the best offenses and who are the best defenses? And the best team and the best offense every single week were the chiefs All right, and if and if you disagree with that Like if you Don't think that the chiefs were the best team this whole season like steven a smith who had the Steelers up there a couple times early on You know, I really need to see your your rationale and that to me was a defensive thing, right? If you look at the best defenses every two weeks, there was a new best defense And so I think that's something that I took away from the season I think I learned it a little later on in the season and then and then the other thing that came to mind was the importance of establishing priors And that cuts two ways So the first is thinking about a team like the chiefs for example who got everyone's best shot this year And you know it didn't cover the spread like eight straight weeks and it's like are the chiefs reeling And I think that requires a little more understanding of the past And the same is true with rookie quarterbacks. We are really quick to say Justin Herbert was not accurate at Oregon and Okay, that's fine to analyze it that way And at the same time he played well this year and I don't want to immediately ordain him Great, and I think those are so it's a little bit of way of saying like don't get overly excited about things that are exciting Right, which is a boring thing to say, but it's also So I wonder if you guys come into run into this a bunch as well because I think about it from a gambling analogy Back when the world series of poker was really, you know exciting everyone wanted to play poker and I started playing poker online And you listen all these people go look if you really want to win money playing poker. It's a job It's not like exciting right you're grinding it out And I think betting is similar like if you you can have excitement doing it But you might not be profitable if you really want to be profitable It's not going to be that fun all the time Well, that's the the problem is like it's not fun to bet against Patrick Mahomes, which is very scary So like it's not fun to bet unders like there are a lot of elements of betting that are not fun And they can still be profitable like I I'd Refused I'd never want to root against Patrick Mahomes. Therefore I try really hard never to bet against him for that exact same reason But like there are times where it's possible to cheese maybe overvalued. I'm not saying that's the case this week I would probably argue very much against that But like it is tough to try to divorce the excitement factor from the analytical factor and that's tough and I think the other part too with the About not getting overly drawn into one game things is for me. It's not where I will bet And bet on a team because they're good defensive performance But it sticks in my head is like this red flag where I'm like, uh, do I actually want to bet against this team that just performed well When they just did this and to me will prevent me From making what otherwise would be a good bet because I'm afraid of what I just saw so I think for me at least it's less so Betting based on that but it's avoiding bets that might go counter to that I think that that is also it's along the same lines, but that's my personal shortcoming I think is being hesitant to bet against regression of a basically Yeah, no, I mean I completely agree with those points. I mean, I think you gotta you gotta I mean nfl a lot of any league is is definitely a league of regression to the mean And the point you bring up george about the defenses Um, you know, defenses aren't as stable as offenses, right? Like past offenses the the thing you want to be good at and the most reliably Most reliable thing to be good at and obviously Kansas City is that that's what they're all about But yeah, we saw Pittsburgh's defense fall off in a catastrophic fashion In that game and I think that just illustrates your point george Yeah, I uh, I caught a lot of flak for saying that the Steelers were overrated to the point where we had NBC had a bunch of stealer games and uh, and Chris gave me a call One week before a stealer game. He's like man, you better be right Well, we call him back after the playoff game and say Chris Scoreboard He he goes so it was before um, so they did that baltimore pittsburgh game that was um That was pushed back So they had that one. Yeah, the koba game and then they had baltimore buffalo a few weeks later And it was before that game And he goes I understand you did a great job explaining why um And I I think you know, I'm I'm gonna agree with you, but just be I just really hope you're right So So when when the Steelers were I'm like two blocks away from the bangle stadium So I like to think that I was literally living in big ben's head During that collapse Just sitting there clapping my hands drinking my tequila And and you know, I have nothing against the Steelers personally But they obviously their fans are rambunctious and they they came at me some players You know retweeted me and I loved it because that's what makes the game great But I had to get a little fun out of it myself when I was right at the end Well, it was the players retweeting it at the time But then after the collapse happened It was a lot of your colleagues are pro football focusing. Hey BT dubs George is right which had to feel pretty good too There was a lot of silence from the Steelers locker room at the end of the season And I you know, I don't know. I you know tiktok obviously takes a lot of time. So maybe they were busy George let's move on to the Super Bowl. We have Kansas City is a three-point favorite. It's juice that Vandal sportsbook at minus 122 What are you thinking about this game? man this one So I thought it would be three that was kind of my I try to you know We try to guess the lines on the forecast ahead of time so that we kind of get a sense of where we're leaning And three feels You know pretty spot-on. I will say this though I when The chiefs went down nine nothing I immediately looked to bet on the Super Bowl and got the a of c winner minus one and a half And that you know, so I'm really happy about that and now looking at three and I wonder you know if I Is three is three really just pandering a little bit to the Tom Brady story and it is a great story and people want to bet on Tom Brady From a power rating standpoint, we have the chiefs as about a five and a half point Five and a half points better than the bucks are and so how do you get from five and a half to three? That's it. That's tough for me because you don't have an advantage The bucks do not have an advantage at quarterback They don't have an advantage from a scheme perspective. In fact, I would say they have a pretty significant disadvantage from an offensive scheme perspective And we just talked about defense, you know, the the bucks have capitalized on turnovers over the past two games at a ridiculous rate, you know at a ridiculous rate and Tom Brady, you know Tom Brady threw back-to-back picks against the Packers the Packers didn't pick up a first down after either of So you look at those two games and you go, okay MVP and against the Saints was Drew Brees Do the bucks even score in that game? Without Drew Brees and then against the Packers you've got this calamity of errors for the Packers and a Really uncreative the lacking in creativity from the offensive standpoint and so to me the bucks I think are a little overvalued here. I would still take the chiefs at minus three And and You know, I wouldn't want to bet it with the hook I would probably lay off a little bit if it got to three and a half and look maybe more towards the over In that situation. I think that's where I'm headed now, but I'm very curious to hear what you guys are thinking So you have one and a half with the afc winner from that game Are you probably going to stand pat with that given this one is so juiced at minus three? I probably will and I will look to look here's one other thing I learned this year if you aren't betting player props I don't know what you're doing. Okay, because The it's fun to bet sides. It's fun to bet totals But the inefficiency is in player props and in particular The unders in player props and that's one of the things at pff We built a props tool for this year and it was like a you know, wow There's a lot of value on a lot of these unders. It's not fun to talk about them But you're going to win if you bet them and so I will definitely look to play a ton of props in this game and I think the over is something 56 was I think what it opened at it's 56 nap now I believe and I don't know how this game plays out in a way Where that where there isn't a lot of scoring, right? You know, I think there almost has to be an injury Of some kind for like that not to happen. So I think that's where I would play this game Since I already have one and a half and I have some bucks futures, but no one cares about my bets. No one cares We care. That's why you have you on, you know, there's a reason we have you as a guest in the show, George So we wanted to pick your brain on that. Uh, but you're talking about the over here What leads you towards liking the over worth where it's at a 56 and a half? Okay, so let's think about this the the chiefs are The chiefs are incredible And they put up an offensive performance against the bucks that I don't think was represented in the score in that game the ease with which they just took apart The bucks defense and what the bucks do best Is blitz that is their calling card But you can't blitz patrick mahomes because he will absolutely destroy you And so I think it puts the bucks in a situation where they need to change their defense To to try and compete But I don't know that that's the Changing their defense means they're doing new things And that means there's going to be confusion and if there's one person's going to take advantage of that confusion It's andy reed and the chiefs. So I see no problem. I know that both tackles are out And what I would remind people of is that patrick mahomes does a better job of navigating the pocket creating open and clean pocket throws than anyone else And um, and that they played the the 49ers last year who had a pretty good front four as well I might add so from the chief's perspective. I'm not worried about it. And then if I look to the buck side of things The bucks might get out to a lead. Okay, if they get out to a lead, then I'm confident mahomes is You know, he that's what he does. He's going to excel there If the chiefs get out to a lead, well, then the bucks are going to have to abandon the Leonard four net Three yards and a pile of dust game plan, which they love so much and start throwing the ball down field Which I have no worries about from tom brady. He led the league in completions and yards On throws 20 plus yards down field. His arm is fine. So I like both those game scripts to get me over 56 Excellent. So george, you mentioned some props. Um Um Let's talk about some of them. Is there any any of any of the ones over at fandal sportsbook that you'd like to share So the first one that caught my eye is uh, a prop bet that I'm not advising mathematically to bet Okay, I can't in my right mind say look the math backs this up and and I'm looking at the pff props tool And it's telling me no, but my body is telling me. Yes, and that is Leonard four net anytime touchdown score Um, because I have a belief that Bruce Arians wants to get Leonard four net a touchdown To rationalize the decision to make Leonard four net the nickel back Okay, so that is one, uh, that I am that I'm going to bet just to kind of cover my ass Uh, a couple that I do that I do like, um in both a spiritual and a mathematical sense Um are so Tom Brady now, I'm not sure if this one's on fandal There's a couple that I did see on fandal, but when this does come up Tom Brady's rushing yardage prop is interesting to me if it's at one Uh and a half I kind of like the over there. Uh thinking about a couple of You know sneak opportunities for him getting a couple of yards on a sneak and I don't anticipate that he will be taking Knees in this game. That's not my my assumption there. Um from an anytime score Uh situation and in first time score situation, which I like both of those and that you obviously get different odds there Travis Kelsey appeals to me. So Travis Kelsey. I think anytime to score a touchdown is like minus 165 on fandal I've seen him 175 in some places and Look the bucks linebackers the latte. David's great. Devon white allowed more receiving yards Than any other linebacker this year. So I think Andy Reed will leverage Travis Kelsey there. I think he's about 600 plus 600 is a first time The first touchdown scored. I like that as well. Um, so I'm I'm all about Travis Kelsey in this game I think that's where The bucks will try to keep Tyreek Hill from going for like 300 yards on them And that will open up Travis Kelsey to do what he does best, which is destroy the middle of the field We saw that adjustment by the bucks in the first game where they decided. No, no, no No more 200 yard quarters for Tyreek Hill Uh, so I think that the emphasis on Kelsey there does make sense. Now, George, I know you're standing I might urge you to sit down because the Tom Brady rushing yard prop not only is 0.5 like 0.5 But it's juiced up to plus 198 on the over So I just gotta warn you That that might be Your best Yeah, your your must have for this week I so we do, uh We do a pregame show Every week that we just started because we have a new studio PFF and we wanted to use it as much as we could right and so we do this show every pregame And I have taken it upon myself To talk about the props for the people, you know to get because I know there are people out there that They're looking to make some extra cash here and I want to let them know so My favorite props are quarterback rushing overs because there's nothing more fun than watching a guy drop back Hoping chaos happens and they have to scamper now Brady's not going to do that, but 0.5 man. I mean I know there's value in the the Brady Touchdown props too because we know that they will go to the the sneak attempts in the goal line First touchdown score is 24 to 1. That's not quite long enough for me to get tempted But I did look into it for that exact same reason because we know the chiefs have taken the the The the qb sneak out of the playbook the buccaneers very much have not it's basically page one for them is the quarterback sneak so Tom brady props rushing at the front of george's mind That is george charrury make sure you check him out on twitter at pff underscore george and check out the pff forecast podcast Already have a podcast up talking about this game recapping the conference championships as well. Check that out There is a link to the pff forecast podcast in the notes over on number fire dot com george Thank you so much for your time. Good luck to you with all your bets for the super bowl and hopefully talk to you again soon I appreciate you guys having me on this is a ton of fun and i'll mention To all of your listeners if you want to bet some props super bowl 25 promo code will get you 25 off So don't say I didn't ever do anything for you and your listeners, but I I love this was awesome guys and uh Good luck with all the bets you're gonna place in super bowl. Not only gracing you with value But also gracing you with a promo code that is george. Thank you so much george. We appreciate it. Thanks guys covering the future Big thank you once again to george charrury for joining us here on covering the spread checking out on twitter at pff underscore george And as mentioned the pff forecast podcast link is up on number fire dot com in the post for this podcast net I like the idea of an analytics guy on the pregame show Uh, do you do you have any analytics background? You know any uh, any websites you've created any book? Anything to for your resume here? Yeah, the mbc guys are Producers are listening man. I could uh, you know a little bit of analytics a little bit of betting a little bit of uh humor I I'll sign up So, uh, I I think it was fun. They had steve cornackie on on the mbc broadcast the mbc pregame shows Uh to break down the the playoff odds and stuff like that Uh breaking out the the drawing board and all that so we can get a steve cornackie Esk figure in to break down four thousand decisions and stuff like that I'm in I think that'd be a lot of fun I could not do that myself because I don't want to interact with people but like hey Someone else can take it up for sure Let's dive now into covering the future. We again are going to have a show next week as well So we'll have more stuff around simple 55, but you want to start things off here Ed by talking about the spread in this game. What are you seeing for the cheese versus the buccaneers? Yeah, well, I mean let's talk about the two teams just real quick. I mean kansas city Look, they only do one thing really well And that's throw the football, right? You look at running the ball. They're they're not great They're 14th when I look at a justice success rate the defense, you know the past defense 12 Rush defenses last in the league But the NFL is a passing league and throwing the ball is the most important and the most reliable thing Kind of statistically when when you look at things and so if you want to build a team like kansas city has done it the right way And I mean no one's really stopped them in the playoffs yet I mean well with with patrick mahomes, of course A little little hiccups when he went out of the cleveland game So I do feel like, you know kansas is a three three and a half point favorite The performance is definitely justified at the last two games, but you know, let's not forget You know, they didn't play their starters week 17 against the chargers and then they scored You know 17 points against the land of falcons defense the week before right so Every team is going to have its ups and downs clearly if they play as well as they did against buffalo, uh, you know that They're they're gonna do pretty well Um on the other side, you know, like camp of bay hasn't looked particularly good in the in the playoffs You think about like the plus four turnover margin against new orleans You think about, uh, the three interceptions that brady threw at green bay It didn't cost them for reasons that we've talked about already And and he was just really good. He had a couple big plays and and um But I mean there were there were closed games. So I think This line of kansas city being favored by three three and a half points is a little bit based on this recent form You know, tampa bay being, you know, good enough to get through Kansas city just being pretty explosive on offense at the last two games My model sees a much closer game. They like kansas city by 1.4 points Uh, so definitely suggesting value on tampa bay and part of that is tampa bay's defense, uh, which has been Um, really good this season, uh, ninth The past defense is my ninth point. I look at the uh, my past defense by by adjusted success rate. So and I think they they can do enough to slow down kansas city to keep tampa bay in this game. Um, I would definitely take uh, tampa bay plus three and Yeah, that's that's what I like in this game. So we've been talking about how I've been trying to tinker with my own numbers And I want to read you my number after I pull up the excel spreadsheet Which is taking a second year to open Um, but it's you said 1.4 correct Mine's 1.8, uh, in favor of kansas city. So I feel good good confirmation bias. However Again, my cardinal rule is never bet against Patrick Mahomes because it frightens me. So, yeah Yeah, yeah, it does. It does frighten me. I violated that. I will say We've been doing a playoff betting show, um on the youtube twitch facebook and periscope channels I did recommend an underdog moneyline parlay between the bucks and the bills got one half not the second half and I did violate my rule So felt pretty bad about that, which means that I can't I like we talked about george like I can't I can't bet against Patrick Mahomes But it does feel good to know that my model is in line with yours The other thing my model says is the under for this game is pretty enticing But again, that entails betting against Patrick Mahomes. I'm an offensive perspective and I value my mental health and don't want to do that. So instead My covering the future is talking about the bucks under 26 and a half points the again the numbers I have say the Total for this game should be lower than 56 and a half I'm okay betting overs on really high total games But like it's tough when that requires the chief's offense not to do a whole lot and I just I don't want to go Against the cheese. So I'm going to stick with just the buck sides here I want them under 26 and a half points, which is minus 104 at vandal sportsbook And the risk here is that 27 is the most common point total for the entire 2020 season It's a key number I write near that key number that does make me a bit nervous and that's why I like the juice being Just minus 105 here. That's helpful Does scare me a bit though The main reason I want the under here is that the chiefs are built well To stop this specific kind of offense the big issues the chiefs have defensively as they struggle to stop the run And they're not good against fast wide receivers or slot receivers Good guys there chris godwin actually does check both those boxes works from the slot a lot has good speed That's not the strength this buck's team though. The strength of this buck's team offensively is mike evans He's an outside wide receiver when they go deep they go to evans He has he leads an overall target share too. He's a big focus in the red zone And the chiefs have shown they can hold that type of guy in check stiff on digs And john brown combined for just over 100 yards last week and digs had surpassed that number by himself In the previous five full games They were really good in that bill's game of neutralizing stiff on digs And I'd expect them to put a similar emphasis on mike evans in this one The bucks aren't going to do much in the ground. They tried against the packers their early down first half pass rate was Lower than their full season numbers. They were more run heavy than they were for the full season It just didn't work. They're the 18th ranked rush offense Not surprised they would struggle in trying to do that. Basically I think it's just not the ideal kind of defense for the bucks to face We saw a similar pairing last week where the bills they're also a team that struggles from the football. They struggle to Uh get production from the slot, especially the cold beasley playing with a broken leg Apparently they are mostly a team that feeds to their outside wide receivers and their offense couldn't operate very well I think this is a pretty similar spot here with tampa bay. The cheese defense played awesome in that game So i'm expecting something pretty similar here So I will take the lower juice and the bet the bucks under 26 and a half total points at minus 104 I agree with you that this bucks offense is really good. I have been on the bucks for a while But you know, I did bet them last week as well with part of that parley But I think against this specific defense and the way that they are built I think it's a tough spot for them and it kind of goes back to what you said where the chiefs are built the right way Not just offensively ed but also defensively their emphasis on stopping the pass And I think that right we focus on the offense, but the defense has also taken a smart approach Which just shows that the overall team building on the chiefs is a way that most teams should operate too Well, and then teams like the giants absolutely don't so right Yeah, I mean the chiefs. I mean, I've I've been surprised I I would I really when they took Clyde Edwards-Hallaire with the last pick in the first round I really thought they They should draft a cornerback But the cornerback play has been quite good and their pff cover grade. I think is 10th in the nfl They really short goal with pass rush And you can always tell that when you have an interior lineman leading your your team in sacks Although chris jones is clearly a stud But yeah, I mean, I think their coverage is good. I I mean, I do. I mean, I I still give the edge to Tampa Bay's receivers When I I mean, yeah, I would give the edge to Tampa Bay's receivers So I I do think that they're going to be able to score on Kansas City's defense Maybe we'll get more talk about the can or the Tampa Bay wide receivers next week on our prop show extravaganza once again That'll be thursday 6 p.m. Eastern on the faddle youtube twitch facebook and periscope channel So make sure you are subscribed there with ourselves jgzak rason and erin kate dolin as well Should be a pretty fun show looking forward to being live and again that will be on the podcast feed immediately after as well That is all that we have though for this initial look at superbowl 55 big Thank you once again to george charuri once again, find him on twitter at pff underscore george Check out the pro football focus pff forecast podcast Check out george again on twitter at pff underscore george and what is going on for you this in this down week, I guess over at the power rank I mean not a lot. I'm I'm working on a college basketball Um, but yeah, please sign up for my email free email newsletter Looking ahead past football season. I offer a cheat sheet for you to fill out your march madness Bracket makes it dead simple to do that So you can always get that at the power rank dot com All righty and make sure to check out the football analytics show as well the power rank dot com in the football analytics show Find out on twitter at the power rank. I am at jim sonnis j i m s a n n e s You can also follow the fan dual podcast network at fan dual podcast big Thank you to calvin fia bald our video producer for running the video side of things here today Thank you cal as always. Thank you to everyone for tuning in back with you once again next week for our prop based show For super bowl 55. We'll talk to you then this has been covering the spread right here on the fan dual podcast network

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EXTREME Home Office Makeover ✨ Part 1 ✨ Moody Olive Green & Warm Wood

☆ Shop Lone Fox (REMINDER: our next vintage drop is June 25th at 10am PST): https://lonefox.com/ - Follow Lone Fox on Instagram: @lonefoxhome - Check out my Amazon Favorites: https://www.amazon.com/shop/lonefoxhome Today I get to work on a space for myself which is rather exciting! This little room off the living room is what I'm going to use as my home office. To me an office needs to feel comfortable, inspiring and motivating! In part 1 we cover the paint along with the direction and furniture for the space. F E A T U R E D + Sarah Sherman Samuels Chair: https://bit.ly/3XpVmhg + Rattan Table Lamp: https://bit.ly/3JumuG5 JOIN THE LONE FOX FAMILY! + Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lonefoxhome/ + Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/imdrewscott/ + Tiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@lonefoxhome + Pinterest : http://www.pinterest.com/cardofmyeye + Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lonefoxhome/ + Shop my Moms Craft Supply Shop: https://www.etsy.com/shop/HopscotchCraftSupply C O N T A C T + Any questions, inquiries or collabs : [email protected] E Q U I P M E N T + Canon 5D Mark III (Main Camera): http://bit.ly/1PCIqsw + Canon G7X (Vlog Camera): http://bit.ly/1jJiOkA + Sigma 35mm Lens: http://bit.ly/1NErT68 + Microphone: http://bit.ly/1LXMql1 + Memory Card (BEST): http://bit.ly/1Q9SNcz + Tripod: http://bit.ly/1RyMj6z M U S I C + Music is from Artlist.io T H A N K Y O U Thanks so much for watching and I hope you enjoyed. Leave any future video ideas you would like to see in the comments below and don't forget to subscribe!

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Welcome back to my channel. I am so excited to start working on another space in the house and I just did a poll recently on the YouTube channel where I shared four different spaces I was thinking of working on and I completely forgot that we still have the office to work on as well and Marie's bedroom did win the poll. Marie's bedroom was one of them. I normally do my own bedroom and like my own stuff last in the space. That's what I did in our other apartment as well. I was thinking of doing Marie's room because some of the pieces are already ordered for that space, however, there is a delay with one of the main items. So I do want to just kind of push that back a couple of weeks and I think we are going to start working on it. The office space, because I would love an area I could go and edit. I'm currently just like editing in the living room, editing downstairs, but I love editing at an actual desk and at a table. So I would really love to have a designated space for that and this room just gets so much light. It has a great balcony off of it. You can like see everything from it. I feel like it's almost the headquarters of the home in a sense and I feel like it's just gonna be perfect as the office space. So I wanna share with you guys what it looks like currently and we are going to start making this over. First thing I do want to do is get some of these items out in here. You can probably see that there's some stuff back there. I wanna share with you the room and also share with you the paint color that I selected. This is one of my favorite rooms in the entire home just because it's really unique. It's right off the living room. There's only one of them in the duplex. So it's the only room that actually isn't duplicated twice. So I kind of feel like it's special in its own sense and I am just really excited to get to working on this space. We also have this random window here. I have ideas for that. Wood slats, ceiling, DIY, there's a lot. We are on my computer and I actually have a new board opened on my Milano and I love Milano. It's what I used to design and kind of mood board and conceptualize all my projects. It's what I do all my brand projects on. I just really love this website but I created an office board because I wanna start drawing some inspo that we can use for this design. So I'm on my Pinterest and I am just gonna go and search green office. And there's one office that I know and Ambron Tears one. And this is kind of like what I'm wanting for my home office. Like I feel like this is such a pretty vibe. Definitely a lighter color. This is more of like a foresty green. I'm thinking more of an olive tone just to go with the warmth of the living room. So I'm gonna save this and then I'm gonna scroll down and see if there's anything that kind of correlates to it. So here is kind of the hero image and inspo of this office. Green paint colors. Let's look at some olive green paint colors. Now this particular color is definitely not right. It's a little bit on the brighter side but there's something about this shade of green that I like. I'm gonna save it for the time being just to kind of bounce this color idea off. So I just added this picture of our current wood flooring upstairs and this is what's in the office. So we are gonna have a darker wood floor in there. This right here is kind of the idea that I have for the ceiling. This kind of coffered design and we're gonna add to the current beams that are there and try to make it look original. So I'm gonna save this to the mood board. Honestly, after I drop this in, you can kind of get an idea for the flooring here, the green wall, more of an olive tone and then kind of the wood ceiling which would match the flooring a bit. This right here is another really great inspo picture that I had saved for the ceiling and I love how it has this dental molding within the coffered design. So it has kind of that gridded coffered design but then it has these tiny little dental moldings. This one also has this great paint work in it as well. I actually really love the light curtain against the dark in here and there's gonna be a lot of dark. So I'm thinking keeping the curtain on the lighter side, maybe like a cream or a natural color. Now I definitely know that I want an antique desk or like an older desk. I don't want the desk to feel modern. I actually am thinking of using a more modern light fixture in here. This is a vibe that I'm thinking for the desk. Something antique, something old. I love how this is actually an old farmhouse table. This price is illegal. It actually should be illegal in many different areas. I know that Olive Atelier has a piece very similar to this. I saw it recently there and I'm thinking it could work great. So I'm gonna save this because theirs is a fraction of the price. Something like this. This is what I'm picturing as my desk situation. Something more along the lines of a table but could function as a desk. But I love the idea of having a larger table in here because the room is pretty substantial. So we could get away with like a larger work table and then just have some chairs on either side. Something else to also add is the rug. So this is the rug here. I'm gonna increase the size of this flooring and then I'm just gonna kind of pop the rug just right over top of it. We can move this over here. I just feel like for lighting in this space, I want something on the newer side because we have a 1920s Gothic chandelier in the living room which is attached to this room. And I just don't wanna do an antique desk, an antique light, another antique light and just make it feel like almost like a period peace home if that makes sense. I wanna make it feel a little bit modern at the same time. So I think adding a light like this in the office space kind of feels a bit better than in the main living room. Something like this could be so pretty, just kind of soft and it just softens the harshness of that Gothic chandelier which I love that kind of juxtaposition between those. So I'm gonna save this for now. Think if we use lots of lighter tones on top of our dark backdrop, which is gonna be the flooring, our wall color. I want it to be something like a mixture of these two maybe a little bit lighter. We're gonna have to look at a fan deck for that. And this is a great direction so far though. And I'm not too sure actually what to do for the chairs. We could play around with those at a later time. Oh, vintage pottery. The bookshelf back here actually matches the dining table that's in the dining room. I bought this from Brittany from Badlands Vintage and I bought the table first. And then when I moved into the house she actually had the coordinating bookshelf still. So I need to get it because I thought it would go somewhere in the house but I haven't found the perfect spot. Justin, what are you doing up there? I can see in how sturdy it was. Ha ha ha. So this is what that bookshelf looks like. So, so pretty. I had to get it when I saw it. And I love how substantial the shelves are. So I wanna share with you guys a little bit of the palette for this room. So I have this incredible rug here and I've had this one for a while. It is this Moroccan Berber rug and it's a checkerboard. I love it. It's so thick and it has this great tassel on the end as well. So I'm thinking I wanna use this in the room. Now for curtains I actually am thinking this kind of lighter color because for the walls in here I really wanna do a green. I absolutely love green. It's my favorite color. And I figure since I'm gonna be in this room so often working and editing I wanna color that I have loved living with in the past and I've had a green bedroom and I loved it along with the green bathroom. And so I feel like this color here is the one that I found that I'm really gravitating towards. It's Renwick Olive. And if you do get a Sherwin-Williams deck like this they have historic colors in the back if you didn't know. And they're really really pretty and they actually channel different architectural styles. So there's arson crafts, there's Victorian, suburban modern. So you can choose from those and I found this really pretty olive tone. So I'm thinking of doing Renwick Olive with this rug with these curtains and then some form of vintage-y style desk, a fun light. That's the starting point and then we'll see where we are going to go from there. Previous color in here, this red. Taking you behind the scenes of a TikTok transition because I do these all the time. And wrap! For that TikTok I did have to open the can of paint and I started a little bit of the painting on the wall. Here's the color. It's pretty, I love it from what I see. But of course, I need to add a little bit more of that. We're going to go through and patch the holes above here where the previous lines were and start painting the room. If I show, will you show me? If I make you laugh, will you give me some time? Cause I know what's to know is just a hand. So something I noticed about this paint is it goes on so cool tones. Like the color in the can compared to the color once it's fully dried down is pretty intense and this was a Sherwin-Williams color that we picked up at an actual Sherwin-Williams location because they have higher quality of paint at Sherwin-Williams locations compared to Lowe's. And on the window trim, I actually did the bin enamel, zinzer, primer all across all of the window trim. I'll link this below whenever you are painting anything glossy or something that you just wanna make sure your paint is gonna stick to. Always spray this or paint this on first, let it dry down and then go in with your paint over top. Show me around, tell me, show me around. If I make you laugh, will you give me some time? Cause I know that a girl like you, that a girl like you could be falling. I mentioned something about a wood slat ceiling. So I wanted to get an idea of what a darker ceiling was gonna look like in this room. So I actually had a court of brown paint from an old project that I decided to coat on the ceiling to get an idea for what a dark ceiling would look like. Justin, would you like to keep this light? I knew you were really interested in it. Yeah, yeah, I know. I'm looking for a gorgeous brush, nickel, flush mount. Love it, you guys. I woke up today, came in this room and it is the perfect shade. Now the color's coming off a little strange cause it's backlit at the moment. Not too dark, it's not too light, it's really great. And then we also ended up painting the ceiling as you saw, just a dark brown because we're gonna be doing a DIY kind of coffered wood ceiling that's gonna coordinate with the cathedral ceiling in the main living room area. So it kind of has some fluidity from this room into the office space but I wanna also share with you the rug that I have for this room which you've seen a little sneak peek of it. Actually when I first got this house I kinda looked for a few rugs cause I knew I needed something in the home and I found this one that I got for a pretty great deal at a store that was going out of business. So I loved it and it's actually one that you could do on either side. It has this kind of more gray or checkered board on the opposite side but I think this will be a perfect base and I love how it fills the full room as well. The other day I might have purchased a desk for this space but I have been needing a desk. I need a work area because I edit all of these videos. Actually I got this from Olive Atelier and I am so excited to share with you guys. It actually is I believe like a vintage kitchen island. Again, same thing I had for the coffee table but this one is gonna work perfectly as a desk. I will say that the actual top portion of it that has the drawer section is pretty thick but I'm gonna DIY it a little taller and I also am just a small legged person so I'm totally fine sitting at it. I've already tested it out. Here we go. Ah! Hit something on accident. Ooh, it is. This is the desk you guys and let me bring you in a bit closer because I need to share with you all the beautiful details. And look how pretty the wood is. This is a vintage kitchen island or an antique one and it has these really large drawers on either end and they are huge. And the thing I love about them is they are so deep. Like can you see how deep that drawer is? I could fit my microphones in here. I could fit all my laptops, my computer, my editing equipment, everything can fit in here. The drawers are literally half of the desk size so you can pull it out all the way and there's also one on this end. They each have their own little cup handle which is so cute. And look, put some supplies in here already from this makeover that I've been working on but I just love the desk. And I also really, really like how it has a very smooth like splinter free finish. It's like you can like work on here 24-7 and you're gonna be totally fine whereas some other vintage desks are a little bit more rough and you know the wood's beaten up. I really like the finish on this one. It's great as an actual workspace. It doesn't give you a ton of space to actually put a chair underneath so we are gonna be lifting it just a bit but look at like how pretty the little details are, the drawer. I love how this looks. Now to give you a little idea of what I'm planning for the rest of the space, I'm thinking of doing kind of a smaller chair on this side and then my actual work chair on the backside just so that like if someone else wants to work here the desk is definitely large enough for probably three people to work at. And then back here I still wanna figure out some large art piece whether it be a DIY maybe a tapestry. I was even thinking of hanging a rug so that's also a potential option. Light fixture, wanna figure that out. Do have something in mind but we are gonna be doing the wooden coffered ceiling as well which we are going to be doing in the next video. I think it's gonna really elevate this space and just make it feel even more grand. Kind of part of the living room as well. And then over here, kind of thinking of doing an art piece. The windows to the right of the desk up here I'm actually thinking of doing some DIY stained glass. So let me know if you would like a tutorial on making your own stained glass panels for windows because this is kind of an odd window. And I thought how cool would it be to make that kind of a stained glass moment as part of the office. And what about like fox heads? Fox heads in these, what are your thoughts? I started working on the coffered ceiling yesterday but I'm actually doing a whole video on that because it's kind of a pretty in-depth process. So it's gonna be its own video but I thought we could do kind of like a little office setup like a mock setup with some chairs that I already own. So I actually purchased one of these chairs for this office room and I wanna see if it looks good in here. I got two of these. I actually put one of them in the downstairs lobby room and then this is the other one. I love this chair. I've seen it on social media for so long. It's by Lulu and Georgia and Sarah Sherman-Saniels. It's such a cool, just like little chair. I love the wavy detail on the top. And I always pictured it kind of being like a little accent chair in front of the desk. I like how small it is. I like that it could be a chair but it also kind of feels like a stool. I just pulled one of these breakfast nook chairs because if you guys remember, I actually ended up getting eight of these. The Facebook Marketplace listing was for eight of them and I only used five in breakfast nook. So I have three more. This is just, I probably don't want this though as an office chair, you know? Like I don't know if I really wanna work. It's really more so to get an idea of what kind of a chair would look like back there. Wait, that looks really, really good. This is from my old office at my apartment. It's from Etsy but I bought a cute little table lamp. The shape of that one's great. Okay, that looks great. I love, love, love that lamp there. Gosh, this is looking so good so far. I'm actually gonna end this video right here just because we are working on the coffered ceiling today. I could give you like maybe a teensy sneaky peek. Actually, I'll give you the tiniest. Let me give you one. Check it out. It's looking good. It is looking so good and we are going to continue work on that today adding all of the slats and that's going to be the next video in the office space and I just cannot wait to start working here. I actually have been working in here. It's been about two days since owning the desk or having the desk in the space and each morning I have been coming in here. Actually did my last Zoom call in here as well. I did also want to let everyone know who is interested that there is a vintage drop this Sunday over on my website lonefox.com at 10 a.m. So if you are interested, third vintage drop that we have ever done and this one actually is a bit smaller than the first and the second, I've kind of been a bit more selective on what I've been adding lately and these pieces I think there's around 50 items. So if you are interested, set your alarms 10 a.m. on Sunday and you could also sign up to the newsletter or just follow along on Instagram or I'll be posting updates over there. Okay, but that's everything. I'm going to share with you in today's video and I hope that you have an amazing rest of your day and I'll catch you guys in my next one. Bye.

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Excise Taxes 6180 Income Tax Preparation 2022 - 2023

Excise Taxes Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL60SIT917rv6kSKDmub8BUbGC4j5oZ1Fz Google Classroom: https://classroom.google.com/c/NTk1Mjc3NjI5MjM2?cjc=z3mm4rx Code: z3mm4rx OneNote Resources with Language Translation: https://1drv.ms/u/s!Ap8mLpFX7uo9g_tMABIEjK5PEXvETQ?e=mpb8bx Income Tax Preparation 2022 - 2023

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Income tax 2022-2023, excise taxes. Let's do some wealth preservation with some tax preparation. Support Accounting Instruction by clicking the link below giving you a free month membership to all of the content on our website, broken out by category, further broken out by course. Each course then organized in a logical, reasonable fashion, making it much more easy to find what you need than can be done on a YouTube page. We also include added resources such as Excel practice problems, PDF files and more like QuickBooks backup files when applicable. So once again, click the link below for a free month membership to our website and all the content on it. Most of this information comes from the Tax Guide for Small Business for Individuals who use Schedule C, Publication 334 Tax Year 2022. You can find on the IRS website, irs.gov, irs.gov. Looking at the income tax formula we're focused on line one income. Remember in the first half of the income tax formula is in essence an income statement, although it's just the outline. The scaffolding, other forms and schedules flowing into it, including the Schedule C for the business income, which in essence is its own income statement having income minus expenses or business deductions. The net income then flowing into line one here of our income tax formula. Looking at page one of the form 1040 we're looking at line eight. Schedule C would flow into schedule one flowing into page one of the form 1040 here on line eight. This is a Schedule C profit or loss from business, which is an in essence and income statement income minus expenses on down below. We'll now dive into the excise tax first question. What is an excise tax? An excise tax is a legislative tax on specific goods or services at the time they are purchased. So they're actually going to be picking specific goods and services and assigning a tax to them specifically based on or applied when those goods and services are purchased. Now because they're going to be specific in nature they will be specific to a particular industry. So we won't spend a lot of time on them spending a lot of time together lately. In general because it will be dependent upon a particular industry. So goods subject to excise taxes could be fuel, tobacco and alcohol amongst other things. You might ask the question of course why would they put a tax on a particular item. And one reason could be for example with fuel you might think that you want to apply the tax to the people that might be using a related public good for example like the freeway system. And you would imagine that the more people buy fuel then the more they're likely using the public good that was built with tax dollars and therefore it would make sense that you tie those two things together somehow. So you tax fuel, people that buy more fuel are paying more for the public good that has been provided by taxpayer dollars. People that don't buy as much fuel or shouldn't be paying as much in possibly for that public good would be the rationale. Other things like tobacco and alcohol are usually kind of like a moral argument. The idea being that we're going to disincentivize the purchase of tobacco and alcohol by raising the price on them artificially by creating a tax. So the argument would be we're not trying to get revenue from it at all even though it generates a lot of revenue. We're just trying to get people not to purchase tobacco and alcohol because of supply and demand. And as the price goes up you would think that demand would go down. Other skeptics would argue and I'm kind of skeptical of this would argue that if someone is addicted to something in particular it's going to be an inelastic good. So you can raise the price on it and people will still be buying the inelastic good just because the nature of the situation. And it also seems like it might be a regressive tax because the people that tend to buy more tobacco and alcohol seem to be on the lower income side of things. So you're actually increasing taxes on lower income individuals. So it's a kind of double edged kind of moral argument that comes into play with those. But that is what it is. So then you've got the excise taxes are international taxes imposed within a government infrastructure rather than international taxes imposed across county borders. So they'll be subject to a particular you know location. Typically a federal excise tax is usually collected from motor fuel motor fuel sales airline tickets tobacco and other goods and services. OK so excise taxes this section identifies some of the excise taxes you may have to pay and the forms you have to file if you do any of the following. So if you're subject to the excise taxes then of course you would have to put that into your business model if you're dealing with those types of areas. So manufacture or sell certain products operate certain kinds of businesses use various kinds of equipment facilities or products receive payments for certain services. So for more information on excise taxes you can see publication 510. Obviously this is quite broad right here if you're subject to excise tax can't excise me. If you're in an industry that is subject to them then you want to dive down onto it in more detail. You can take a look at publication 510 on the IRS website iris.gov iris.gov. We've got the form 720 the federal excise taxes reported on form 720 quarterly federal excise tax return consists of several broad categories of taxes including the following. You've got the environmental taxes on the sale or use of ozone depleting chemicals and imported products containing or manufactured with these chemicals. So I'm not if you're older you might remember that when the ozone was a big environmental problem it was like the problem for a while and they needed to reduce these ozone producing chemicals. And I think that's still in place today and they actually did they actually did a pretty good job of it. The ozone seems like it's it's repairing itself. So that was a good deal communications and air transportation taxes. You've got the fuel taxes. You got tax on the first retail sale of heavy trucks trailers and tractors manufacturers taxes on the sale or use of a variety of different articles and tax on indoor tanning services. I'm not sure exactly why that is. Maybe it's because of the tanning machines have some kind of bad environmental thing. I'm not exactly sure but you have that if you have a tanning. I'm not a tanning expert apparently you got the form 2290. There is a federal excise tax on the use of certain trucks truck tractors and buses on public highways. So you can kind of understand that one to some degree if they're trying to say that again a business that is using the highway all the time is using a public good to make money. Right. They're using the highway which was made with tax dollars to make money. So it would kind of make sense then that if they were to try to tax them on like fuel or something or trucks or the things that are taking a lot of use of the highway to pay for. In essence the maintenance of the highway because they're getting more benefit from it than other people that are never on the highway. So the tax applies to vehicles having a taxable gross weight of 55,000 pounds or more report the tax on form 2290 heavy highway vehicle use tax return for more information. See the instructions for form 2290 depositing excise taxes. So if you have to file a quarterly excise tax return on form 720 you may have to deposit or your excise taxes before the return is due for details on depositing excise taxes. See the instructions for form 720. You can find those on the IRS website.

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AAP ਦਾ ਨਾਅਰਾ: ‘ਸੰਸਦ ‘ਚ ਵੀ ਭਗਵੰਤ ਮਾਨ...’ | Bhagwant Mann | AAP Slogan for Lok Sabha Elections | LIVE

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5" Turbo Back Exhaust Kit For Your RAM 2500/3500 Cummins Sounds Amazing!

In this video we replace my stock 4" exhaust with the new yikatoo 5" turbo back exhaust kit on my deleted ram 2500 cummins 6.7 and it sounds sick! the video shows great before and after sound comparison. link to product https://yikatoo.com/products/yikatoo%C2%AE-stainless-steel-5-tubro-back-exhaust-pipe-for-2013-2018-dodge-ram-2500-3500?_pos=4&_psq=ram%202500%205%22&_ss=e&_v=1.0 STAINLESS STEEL 5" TUBRO BACK EXHAUST PIPE FOR 2013-2018 DODGE RAM 2500 3500 Feature Condition: 100% Brand New Material: 409 stainless steel with magnetic Surface Finish: Anti-rust oil Color: Silvery Note:Our items are replacement parts for existing auto parts and cannot be used to change or control the original exhaust system Fits 2013-2018 Dodge Ram 2500/3500 6.7L for cool tee shirts and merch check out the store https://teespring.com/stores/frostbite-ram also follow on instagram@frostbite_ram facebook@frostbite ram https://frostbiteram.com/ for the best mopar transmissions and parts https://www.coperacingtrans.com/ https://www.youtube.com/user/coperacingtrans for quality superchargers http://www.torqstorm.com/ Tuner and camshaft I use https://frptuning.com/ For the best exhaust https://www.karnageperformanceexhaust.com/ https://troysmuffler.com/ nitrous kit I use https://www.nitrousexpress.com/hemi-plate-system-50-400hp-w-10lb-bottle-20944.asp https://www.spelabautoparts.com/ for great exhaust cutouts and more https://superclean.com/ for great degreasers and cleaners camera I use Canon EOS M50 with RODE mic S22 Ultra phone gopro hero 5 session runcam 2

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blessed day out there. As you can see, we have frostbite hauler truck on the lift. We're going to be working on the exhaust system today. This is my 2017 Ram 2500 Cummins long bed crew cab 4x4 and we're going to be putting 5 inch exhaust from the turbo back. The truck is currently fully deleted and it's running the stock 4 inch piping from the turbo back. So we're going to be ditching that, going with a complete turbo back 5 inch kit from Yikotu and it should be a pretty straightforward swap. So let's get to it. Alright, so real quick, this is the box that the entire system came in. Pretty big box. The shipping company did beat it up pretty bad, but luckily everything was here and nothing fell out of the box. Now, this is the complete system laid out. This is going to be the tailpipe section and again, this is all 5 inch stainless steel piping. They supply you with clamps, hardware, all the pipe sections pretty straightforward. Everything looks really nice. None of the pipes were beat up. This is going to be the turbo downpipe right here and again, 5 inch full kit all the way back to the tailpipe for my long bed. This kit is supposed to fit the 13 to 18 ram 2500s and 3500s. Other thing I want to go over real quick, they do send you a piece of paper in here with some instructions showing you how everything lays out. A little bit of instructions on how to remove the old system and install the new system along with if you have a mega cab, crew cab, regular cab, so forth. If you have any of the shorter trucks, you may have to shorten some of the piping. It just depends. I feel like since we have the long bed, crew cab, I don't think we're going to have to cut anything. I would imagine so we will see. So we're going to raise up the truck real quick, get the old system unbolted and we will lay it next to the new Yucatu 5 inch exhaust kit. So let's get this big boy up in the air and start taking off some old 4 inch exhaust pipe. All right, before we start with the new system, let's get a sound comparison of before and after. So this is the factory 4 inch exhaust system turbo back that's fully deleted on my truck. So let's hear what it sounds like. That was the factory 4 inch turbo back fully deleted exhaust sound on my crew cab long bed. So stay tuned. We're going to install this 5 inch kit real quick and it'll basically be a complete swap from 4 inch to 5 inch. That's all we're changing. So let's see what it sounds like. Let's get it done. All right, real quick underneath the truck, I want to point out a few things that I would do before you get started. One would be all of the clamps on the factory system. I would get under here with some WD-40 or some PB Blaster and spray all of the bolts and nuts that you can see with some sort of penetrating oil before you start this and maybe even let it sit for about 30 minutes or so before you get started. Also, another good thing to spray will be all of the exhaust hangers, all these rubber mounts. Try to spray them with some penetrating oil on the little post. That way the exhaust will slide out a lot easier. Just a thought beforehand. So let's get it out. All right guys, we got the old exhaust out. As you can see, we have it laid next to the new 5 inch turbo back exhaust. Definitely still pretty big difference between 4 and 5 inch. That's for sure. 4 inch factory piping and 5 inch Yaikotu turbo back exhaust. So let's check it out. Looks like everything's pretty much about the same. So we're going to start bolting up the new Yaikotu exhaust. So stay tuned. All right guys, we have ran into one issue so far. So this is the factory downpipe right here. This is the new Yaikotu downpipe for the 5 inch kit. What we ran into is the factory flange. The factory flange to the turbo is pretty much like a flat flange. And right here on the new pipe, it's kind of set up more for like a donut type ball and swivel kind of deal. It's not really flat. So what we're running into is when we try to clamp it to the turbo, it's still loose because there's not enough material to get inside the clamp very well. So what we're going to do is we're going to try to take some pliers or a hammer and we're going to try to flatten out this flange a little bit more. That way it, in theory, it kind of lengthens it or makes it a little bit more flat. That way our clamp will actually get a hold of it and be able to tighten everything down. So we're going to give that a whirl and see how that goes. But here we go. Alright, so what we're doing is we're getting some pliers and I'm just bending this flange down a little bit more like so. And we're just kind of more or less stretching that flange out and making it a little bit flatter. So the factory band will get a hold of it. Spin it around a little bit. And again, I'm not, you know, sometimes with aftermarket parts, they don't fit exactly perfect. But small thing to have to do right here, not a big deal. Alright, now that we took the pliers and we also used a hammer to kind of flatten out this flange a little bit more, you can see now that we put it up to the factory downpipe, it is literally almost the identical diameter all the way around and nice and flat. So that should work. We should be able to get the clamp to tighten up on it now. So a small little issue there, not a big deal. Just took, you know, probably about five minutes to get this flange shape the way that it needs to be. Let's go get this downpipe installed. Hi guys, as you can see, we got the downpipe and clamp up there. We got it pretty snug. We are going to finish installing the rest of the pipes before we tighten that all the way down. But now that we got the flange flatten out like it needs to be, it fits perfectly. And show you the, that is the five inch downpipe right there. And let me come over here. I'm going to take the, there we go. It's kind of dark under this lift. But that's the downpipe. And so far everything is fitting up really nice. Other than that flange, we had to negotiate around and get it on the right shape. But other than that, we got a big five inch pipe. And we are going to move on to the next pipe installation here. And we got it right here. This one's a longer one. And it's just going to slide right over and clamp on. So here we go. All right, guys, we got the Yakut 2 five inch turbo back exhaust fully installed. All clamped on all the way back. And that is a lot of pipe, especially for a long bed. But you can see a clamp there. Another clamp, clamp and another clamp. And I did a little bit of spot welding myself on a few of them just to make sure they don't move. And we've got a clamp here and a couple of spot welds for the tailpipe. Removing the spare tire carrier does help give you more room to fit the axle piece in. So keep in mind, you might want to do that that does help get it in. Tailpipe right here. And we did have to cut a small section of pipe off of the turbo downpipe. We had to cut off about, I want to say about five inches. That way the mid pipe right here, it has two hangers on it. That way the hangers would line up. And in the instructions, it does say, depending on models of trucks, you may have to cut some of the pipe. But there was definitely more than enough pipe for my long bed crew cab. And there's the piece of pipe that we cut off. Again, probably about five inches or so. And that was it. Other than that, everything bolted up. So we're about to fire this thing up and see what it sounds like now with five inch turbo back exhaust. So here we go. All right, this is the Yucatu five inch turbo back exhaust, fully deleted ram truck. I'm a part fan. There you go. My 2017 Ram 2500 Cummins now has five inch turbo back exhaust. Definitely sounds a lot beefier than the four inch stock pipe. That's for sure. I didn't think it was gonna make a huge difference, but it definitely makes a big difference. So all in all, the exhaust kit fit pretty well. We did have to modify that turbo flange just a little bit because it wasn't quite flat enough. Not a big deal. We got that straightened out. And then we had to take about five inches of pipe off of the turbo downpipe off the end of it just so that everything would line up properly. And that's pretty normal for the kit. It does say you might have to trim it depending on model of vehicles. Other than that, it fits. It works. It sounds great. And for the price, you can't beat it. It's definitely a bargain for the buck. So if you're into diesel stuff, stay tuned. We're going to be installing a really cool muffler on the truck as well very soon. It's on the way. I'm not going to let the cat out of the bag yet, but let's just say there's not a lot of people that even knows about them, let alone running them. And we're going to put one on Frostbite Holler. So stay tuned. As always, stay safe out there. Don't forget, hit that subscribe button, and we'll see you guys on the next one.

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President Reagan’s Remarks at the University of South Carolina on September 20, 1983

Full Title: President Reagan is introduced and his Remarks at the Horseshoe at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, South Carolina on September 20, 1983 Creator(s): President (1981-1989 : Reagan). White House Television Office. 1/20/1981-1/20/1989 (Most Recent) Series: Video Recordings, 1/20/1981 - 1/20/1989 Collection: Records of the White House Television Office (WHTV) (Reagan Administration), 1/20/1981 - 1/20/1989 Transcript: https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/research/speeches/92083c Production Date: 9/20/1983 Access Restriction(s):Unrestricted Use Restriction(s):Unrestricted Contact(s): Ronald Reagan Library (LP-RR), 40 Presidential Drive, Simi Valley, CA 93065-0600 Phone: 800-410-8354, Fax: 805-577-4074, Email: [email protected] National Archives Identifier:74614363 https://catalog.archives.gov/id/74614363

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to you, the present president of the United States, and the next president of the United States, Raul Reagan. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. Senator Thurman, Strom, thank you very much for that very warm and very flattering introduction. Governor Jim Edwards, Senator Baker, George Graham, Bill Castles, members of the Congress, we're here, all of you ladies and gentlemen, I don't have the words to thank you properly for the welcome that I've had. I'm delighted to be back in your beautiful state, the location that Sir Walter Roley described as Paradise on Earth. And I'm delighted to be here with someone who is speaking for someone who is a true legend in his time. Strom Thurman is a man of character, wisdom, energy, and leadership. And he's one big reason America's back on the road to greatness again. He's a man of the people. His heart treasures those values that make us a good and loving people, family, work, neighborhood, peace, and freedom. They say you can't live in South Carolina for long without meeting Strom in person. Not many can match his sense of responsibility to his state. You know, it's been said that experience is the yeast of success. Well, take a look at the chapters in Strom's life. He's been a teacher, superintendent of schools. He helped start the tech schools that transformed South Carolina from an agrarian to an industrial-based economy. Then a judge, major general of the Army Reserve, governor, and now senator, not to mention being a patriot, husband, father, and a kind and good man. Strom, I couldn't grab that many roles if I'd spent the rest of my life in Hollywood. Maybe you will understand why I say Strom is my friend and I like him by my side, giving me counsel and advice. And I trust the good sense of his friends. I'm confident that come November 1984, you will send him right back to Washington to keep on doing a great job as your senator. And Strom, we're grateful to you for giving us one of your most talented and trusted advisors, the man who managed your 1978 campaign, Lee Atwater from right here in Columbia. Strom speaks with a voice of common sense. And common sense is about as common in Washington, D.C. as a 4th of July blizzard in Columbia, South Carolina. There's a great sympathy in Washington for practically any scheme to spend money. But for years, Strom has been one of those lonely voices telling the awful truth that government can only spend what it borrows or taxes away from the people. And hardworking people in South Carolina need higher taxes like they need a plague of locusts. You don't need to be taxed more. Government needs to spend less. We didn't go to Washington to raise taxes. We went there with a radical idea to put this economy and the destiny of this great nation back in the hands of you, the people. And that's exactly what I think we'd begun to do. With your support, with your support and Strom's, we came to the rescue of a nation whose house was on fire. We put out the flames and brick by brick, we're rebuilding a foundation of strength, safety, security and prosperity for America. And that's not bad for a new beginning. Now it's true some people don't seem to like anything we do. Our opponents resist our budget savings. They oppose our tax cuts and they complain that all their special interests have been hurt. Well, pardon me, but let them resist and oppose and complain because I intend to remind the people, the big spenders who saddled America with double digit inflation, record interest rates as Strom has told you, huge tax increases, too much regulation, credit controls, farm embargoes, no growth and phony excuses about malaise are the last people who should be giving sermonettes on fairness and compassion. I'm a firm believer in the need for bipartisan cooperation, especially in foreign policy where politics should stop at the water's edge. And sometimes we succeed. But there just isn't much sympathy among some there in Washington for reducing the tax burden on hardworking American families. And if the liberals in the Congress had their way, the American people would never have received any tax cut, no first year, no second year, or as the girl in the TV ad says, no nothing. If we'd followed their blueprint for compassion, the average family of four would be paying, as Strom told you, nearly $700 in higher taxes this year. Isn't it strange that we never hear fairness argument that's framed that way? But never mind, because that average family won't be paying the higher taxes, some of those complainers on the hill tried to pass. Thanks to the help of Strom Thurman, his Republican colleagues here with us tonight, and a lot of responsible Democrats, we passed the first decent tax cut for every working American since 1964. And despite all the threats from the other side, we kept our promise to the people. And we still have one more promise that must and will be kept indexing. And historic reform will begin in 1985. It's already been passed so that never again will government be able to profit from inflation at your expense. I'll be the first to admit that we still have a long way to go. But take a look around us. America's getting well, and she's getting strong. We've got a recovery train going. And rather than whine and carp and complain, the misery merchants should get on board and help us keep America moving forward. And if they can't do that, then let them get out of the way. Inflation is plummeted by four fifths, 80% as Strom told you, and has been under two and a half percent during the past 12 months. And that's the lowest 12 month rate in more than 15 years. The prime rate is almost half what it was when we took office. Estate taxes on family farms and businesses are being cut sharply. Strom and I happen to believe widows and children shouldn't be forced to sell the family farm or the family business just to pay Uncle Sam. And now they won't have to. Factory orders, industrial production, auto sales and housing starts are up since the beginning of the year. Housing starts. We just learned yesterday afternoon we're up last month to the highest level since December of 1978. The stock market has come back to life and today hit a new record. Workers real wages are rising for the first time in three years. That's real wages, constant dollars. And while unemployment remains too high, we're putting people back to work across the country. Since December, more than two million of our fellow citizens have found jobs. More Americans are on the job than any time in United States history. We're moving forward again. And as Al Jolson used to say, you ain't heard nothing yet. You know, you can recite all these facts and figures, or you can use an easier way, kind of a layman's way to tell our economic program is working. Our opponents don't call it Reaganomics anymore. You know, I never did call it that. I just called it America getting back on track. Increasing housing starts, greater automobile production, rising personal income should be musing to the ears of one crucial industry in South Carolina, your textile industry. And no one in the United States Congress works harder for the textile industry than your senator, Strom Thurmond. Recognizing the importance of that industry to the national economy, an employer of nearly two million people. I told Strom, our administration would seek to relate imports to growth in the domestic market. We believe progress is built with competition, keeping faith with the magic of the marketplace. But we also know there are times when exceptions must be made due to special circumstances in market conditions. And that's why we've continued to support the multi fiber arrangement, which gives us the ability to protect our domestic textile and apparel manufacturers within the international system. Reflecting the concerns of Strom Thurmond, we've negotiated a series of bilateral agreements which are far tighter than any existing before we took office. Our new China agreement contains 33 categories of textiles and apparel as opposed to eight in 1981. Where other threats to our import textile and apparel industry have appeared, we've tried to counter them. And as you know, we have much to do and I pledge to you tonight, our administration will strive to work toward an ever closer relationship of textile imports and domestic market growth consistent with our existing international obligations. Strom, I hope the good people of your state won't mind if I also tell them what a determined and effective advocate you are for South Carolina's farmers. Senator Thurmond and I share a very profound belief we must preserve the American system of family farming. Strom has fought to protect the tobacco price support program from those who don't understand it. You know, talking about our family farms and what they can do, every person out there and farming in America, feeding not only himself and his family, but feeding more than 50 other people in the world. There's a story that's going around in Russia. I've kind of become a collector of the stories that the Russian people tell each other, which reveals their cynicism about their own government. And this story is just one of my favorites. The Commissar goes out to one of their collective state farms, corrals one of the workers and says, how is everything going? Any complaints? Oh, he says, I've never heard anyone complain, comrades, or he says, no, nothing. How are the crops? Oh, he said the crops are wonderful, never been better. Potatoes? He said, if we piled potatoes up in one pile, they'd reach the foot of God. The Commissar said, this is the Soviet Union. There is no God. The worker says, that's all right. There are no potatoes. But Strom personally traveled to Chicago on September 2nd to meet with Secretary Block and discuss drought conditions in South Carolina and request appropriate aid. And I can't finish these words about Strom without mentioning what I think might be his most important contribution, not just to his fellow South Carolinians, but to free people everywhere. Strom Thurmond has been on the front lines in our struggle to strengthen our foreign policy. He said some nice things about me on this, but he stands up for a strong national defense to make America second to none. The debate on defense is about protecting lives and preserving freedom, because they're the source of all our other blessings. We both believe it's immoral to ask the sons and daughters of America to protect this land with second rate equipment and weapons that won't work. The savage Soviet attack against the unarmed Korean airliner reminds us we live in a dangerous world with cruel people who reject our ideals, who don't even understand them, and who disregard individual rights in the value of human life. We can only keep our families safe and our country free and at peace. When the enemies of democracy know America has the courage to stay strong, Strom and I intend to make sure they do. His leadership will be important on key appropriations, votes that are coming up on defense and the MX. And let me just add how much it meant to me when I returned to Washington after the downing of that Korean plane to see have Strom over the White House for advice and support. But when we talk about defense, I think we should remind people what things were like back in 1980. Remember all those planes that couldn't fly, the ships that couldn't sail for lack of crew or spare parts, troops who couldn't wait to get into civilian clothes, one weapons program after another was being eliminated or delayed, America was falling behind, the free world was losing confidence in our leadership. But what we heard from our leadership would lectures on our inordinate fear of communism. Well, just as we're turning the economy around, we're also strengthening the armed forces and bringing a new sense of purpose and direction to America's foreign policy. In the military, the number of combat ready units has gone up by a third since 1980. The deployable battle force in the Navy has risen from about 480 ships when we took office to 510 today, well on its way to our goal of 600. The percentage of new recruits with high school diplomas has risen throughout our armed forces. And since 1980, the reenlistment rate has gone up by more than a fourth. We're attracting better recruits, we're keeping them longer, because we're giving them better pay and better equipment, and because we're giving them the respect and appreciation they've always deserved. Let me just interject something here, because the last time I gave a speech in Colombia during the 1980 campaign, I said one of the most important ways to control federal spending is to control waste, fraud, and abuse. Perhaps you've seen those headlines and the TV news about the Pentagon paying $100 for a four cent diode or $900 for a plastic cap. Now what is missing or buried in all those stories is the most important fact of all. It was Cap Weinberger's people, defense department auditors and inspectors who ordered the audits in the first place and who conducted the investigations that revealed those figures. Those are our figures. We're the ones who formed a special unit to prosecute Department of Defense fraud cases, and in just 18 month period the department has obtained 650 convictions, and this doesn't count the number of settlements that have been made not going to court. So despite all the headlines, we are keeping that promise to weed out waste, fraud, and abuse. In foreign policy, we've let the world know that America stands up for democratic ideals again. And one other thing, under our administration, this nation is through with hand ringing and apologizing. We don't have to put up walls to keep our people in. We don't use an army of secret police to keep them quiet. We don't imprison political and religious dissidents in mental hospitals, and we don't cold bloodedly shoot defenseless airliners out of the sky. What we are doing is working tirelessly for a just peace in the Middle East, promoting human rights in Southern Africa, giving firm support to the forces of democracy in Central America, and negotiating for balanced and verifiable arms reductions. In fact, in our search for peace, we have more major arms control negotiations underway with the Soviets than any other administration in history. And this is the first time that the Soviets have agreed to go beyond nuclear arms ceilings to negotiate actual reductions in nuclear weapons. They haven't done it as well as they should. We haven't got them to the point that we think they should be, but at least they're there talking, and I don't think they would be there talking if it wasn't for the buildup in the military strength of the United States, the sort of signal they'd better. We can hold our heads high. I believe with all my heart that the United States is safer, stronger, and more secure today, both economically and militarily than before. And if enough of you would just make your voices heard, we can make two more powerful contributions to the cause of good. We can welcome God back into America's classrooms, and we can finally protect the life of the unborn child. I believe one word sums up the difference between today and 1980. Hope. Hope is being reborn in America. A better future awaits us, and together we can make America a nation of winners again. So let us have faith. Let's go forward. Remaining true to our vision of progress, the vision Strom Thurmond has worked so hard to achieve. It begins with your families, churches, schools, and neighborhoods. We don't ask the people to trust us. We say trust yourselves, trust your own values, and working together we'll make America great again. Too many of our opponents are only comfortable trusting government. Their solutions, higher taxes, and more spending, could bring us back full circle to the source of our economic problems, with the government deciding that it knows better than you what should be done with your earnings and how you should live your life. Their road is timid and appeals to fear and envy. We have a great message. We can keep dreams alive in the hearts of our people, and one sure way to do that is to re-elect in 1984 our friend Strom Thurmond, Senator of South Carolina. I want to thank all of you. I just have to say this afternoon, I had a most thrilling afternoon, out on the campus South Carolina, University of South Carolina, and seeing thousands of those wonderful young people, and you looked out at them, and you know I did some of my life in public office back in the riotous days when if I went to a campus I started a riot, and to see those thousands of young people out there was to see the future of America, to see these young people also from that campus and hear them appear tonight, is to see the future of America, and I assure you the future is very bright indeed. Thank you very much and God bless you all.

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Biden arrives in San Francisco for APEC summit, meeting with Xi

#Kanal13​ #likekanal13​ #subscribekanal13 #warinukraine https://www.youtube.com/user/kanal13az?sub_confirmation=1 - SUBSCRIBE TO US! U.S. President Joe Biden arrived in San Francisco on Tuesday (November 14) ahead of a meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. Biden was welcomed by California Governor Gavin Newsom. Biden said on Tuesday his goal during talks with Chinese President Xi Jinping this week is to resume normal communications between the two superpowers, including military-to-military contacts. Speaking to reporters at the White House before departing for San Francisco, Biden said he is trying to alter the U.S. relationship with China for the better, after a period of strained ties. Biden and Xi are to meet on Wednesday in the San Francisco area during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. It will be only the second in-person meeting between the two leaders since Biden took office in January 2021. http://youtube.com/kanal13az/join - click here and support Kanal13 monthly for distributing more videos and independent journalism http://t.me/kanal13tv & https://bit.ly/37BVMqU https://www.youtube.com/user/kanal13az?sub_confirmation=1 https://bit.ly/2Rs6MB3 #lastminutenewsfromukraine #kanal13ukraine https://bit.ly/2V19Fdy Click here and just subscribe to Kanal13 - https://www.youtube.com/user/kanal13az?sub_confirmation=1 Kanalımıza bu linkə tıklamaqla dəstəyinizi göstərin: http://bit.ly/birmanat https://www.youtube.com/KANAL13AZ/join *ATTENTION: If you woul like to contact with US please, write to +49176 75077516 WhatsApp *DIQQƏT: Kanal13-də vətəndaş şikayətləri ilə bağlı yayılan videolar kanalın mövqeyini əks etdirmir, kanal bu ittihamların məzmununa görə məsuliyyət daşımır və hər hansı video materialda adı çəkilən və ya özünü qarşı tərəf kimi görən bütün hüquqi və fiziki şəxslərin mövqeyini də dərc etməyə hazırıq. Əlaqə üçün: +49176 75077516 WhatsApp **Diqqət! Diqqət! Sizdən hər hansı işlə bağlı Kanal13 adından pul istəyiblərsə təcili olaraq +49176 75077516 WhatsApp nömrəmizə yazaraq bildirin və polisə və prokurorluğa xəbər verin!!! Kanal13 olaraq Uca Millətimizə təmənnasız xidmət etməkdən qürur duyuruq!!! © Kanal13 TV istehsal etdiyi bütün video və audio məhsulları azad yayım hüququ altında yayır (free copyright and reuse allowed) və hər bir digər yayımçı Kanal13 tərəfindən istehsal edilmiş məhsulu məzmunu dəyişdirmədən, loqonu silmədən, Kanal13-ə istinad etməklə təkrar yaya bilər. Bu halda şirkətimizdən xüsusi icazə alınmasına ehtiyac yoxdur: Amma bir qeydə XÜSUSİ DİQQƏT YETİRİN: Kanal13-də yayımlanmış materialların digər YouTUbe kanallarında təkrar yayımına ancaq 48 SAATDAN SONRA İCAZƏ VERİLİR. Ümumiyyətlə isə, arzuediləndir ki, Kanal13-ə məxsus hər hansı video material youtube.com/kanal13az hesabına link verilməklə yayımlansın. Materialların qeyd edilən tələblər daxilində başqa youtube hesablarına, saytlara və ya sosial şəbəkələrə yüklənərək yayılması sərbəstdir. Qaydalar pozularsa şikayət edilə biləcəyinizi nəzərə alın! Xüsusi qeyd: Şərh bölməsində yazılan təhqir və söyüşlər silincək. Kanal13 olaraq hörmətli izləyicilərimizdən xahiş edirik ki, tənqid yazmağı təhqir yazmaqla qarışdırmasınlar və heç kimi aşağılayıcı ifadələrlə təhqir etməsinlər. ▌▌►Website: http://kanal13.tv/ http://www.facebook.com/tvkanal13 https://twitter.com/Kanal13Az https://www.instagram.com/kanal13.az Click & Subscribe to the main youtube Channel © KANAL13 [ Azərbaycanın ilk peşəkar internet televiziyası ] The First Internet TV of Azerbaijan Tags: Ukriane, Russia, Putin, Putler, Russian invasion of Ukraine, Zelenski, Kiev, Kyiv, Kadirov army, Kadirov, Kherson, Bucha, Kharkiv, Ukrainian pilots, vagners, Russian tanks, NATO, drones, Moscow, Kreml, war victims Ukraina,

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U.S. President Joe Biden arrived in San Francisco on November 14, ahead of a meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit. Biden was welcomed by California Governor Gavin Newsom Biden said on Tuesday his goal during talks with Chinese President Xi Jinping this week is to resume normal communications between the two superpowers, including military-to-military contacts, speaking to reporters at the White House before departing for San Francisco, Biden. But he is trying to alter the U.S. relationship with China for the better, after a period of strain ties with Biden and Xi are to meet on Wednesday in the San Francisco area during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit. It will be only the second in-person meeting between the two leaders since Biden took office in January 2021.

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What you Owe Reports - QuickBooks Online 2023

What you Owe Reports QuickBooks Online Chart of Accounts Location 30 Day Trial Coupon https://mailchi.mp/162b76dee17d/3vb67kuoou Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL60SIT917rv5CNsiaWRWIs91vU_X6pJm6 Google Classroom: https://classroom.google.com/c/NTA5MDIzODQxMTc2?cjc=a27ebm4 Code: a27ebm4 Resource: transcripts and language options: https://1drv.ms/u/s!Ap8mLpFX7uo9g6pA2PQy0eWKaZzIzw?e=sY3lEH QuickBooks Online 2023

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of what you owe. So these are people that you owe. So if I go to the balance sheet, now we're mainly focusing you would think on the accounts payable. Now people that you owe money to this time. So back to the tab to the right, we've got the 1099s. Now 1099s or tax related item. So we'll dive into 1099s later. So they're, they're a specialty area based on our tax obligations in the United States. So we have to report to the IRS if certain conditions are met that we paid money to these people so the IRS can follow up and collect from them. And then we've got the accounts payable aging detail. This is similar to the accounts receivable aging detail. So you'll see a similar layout. And so we have the aging this way because this is the detail broken out by vendor who we owe the money to. So it's just giving us more detail on that accounts payable. Same with this one, the bill payment list, anything related to the bills and unpaid bills, bills are the thing that increases the accounts payable. So this is a report giving us more detail in essence about accounts payable, the outstanding balances. You got the vendor balance detail and the vendor balance summary. These also are similar to the the aging details. And they're great because they give you a total. But oftentimes in practice, you'll be working over here in the centers for the expenses center by vendor and going into the individual vendors and whatnot. This total outstanding balance area, the amounts that are open should in essence tie out to the accounts payable.

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Dean Pees reflects on start of his coaching career 50 years later | Pees in a Pod | Atlanta Falcons

In the first of a two-episode series, Dean Pees sits down with Tori McElhaney in the Atlanta Falcons podcast studio to discuss the reasons he got into coaching in the 70s, his start at the high school level, coaching with Nick Saban at the college level and how Dave Ragone changed his approach to recruiting. 00:00 - Intro 01:55 - Rewards of High School Coaching 14:53 - Players Learn Differently 25:00 - Recruiting and College Football 30:17 - Coaching with Nick Saban 33:37 - Kent State Football 36:32 - Recruiting Dave Ragone Subscribe to the Atlanta Falcons YouTube Channel: https://bit.ly/2RfEkAW #AtlantaFalcons #RiseUp #NFL #Falcons Download the Falcons app for breaking news, instant updates, and live streaming games: https://atlantafalcons.com/app For more Falcons action: http://www.atlantafalcons.com Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/atlantafalcons Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/AtlantaFalcons Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/atlantafalcons/

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Hello everyone and welcome to a very special limited series brought to you by the Falcons podcast network I am Tori McElhaney, and I am joined by a man who needs no introduction, but I've written one nonetheless This is someone who has almost 50 years of coaching experience at both the high school level the college level the pro level He has a coaching tree of we recently found out about 25 coaches deep at the college and pro level two super bowl championships Retired in 2019, but couldn't keep him away from the field and he came back as the defensive coordinator of the Falcons in 2021 I am joined by none other than dean peas. Thank you for joining me on the podcast now Before we actually get into the content that I have prepped for the podcast I wanted to tell you a story because this is a very funny story I don't know if you remember or not, but this was a press conference Gosh, it was probably midway through the season last year and you said that I was your favorite, which I appreciated nonetheless but One of our podcast listeners actually sent me in the mail a very special gift and I'm going to show it to you It's it That's great. It's a mug that says dean's favorite. I'm going to show the camera. Hello everybody And this is something that it was funny because I got a text from austin hittle who's our director of video here And he was like tory. There's something in the office that got sent to you And I was like, who is sending me anything my parents definitely wouldn't the only people who send me things are my parents I was like, there's no way that anyone's gonna Send me something. He was like, I don't know what it is, but it's here at the facility And this is what it was. That's very nice. It was a very I was like, this is very thoughtful So I had to show it to you. So now I'm officially dean's favorite. It's it's been in the mug form so my plan for this podcast is kind of just to go through your 50 years of coaching and kind of look at it in a chronological way and and look back at the lessons learned and the moments that you Find meaningful and appreciate. Um now something that we actually talked about recently is that You got your start as a high school football coach and teacher and that's something that's very near and dear to my heart because my dad is a high school football coach And teacher. So I don't know if many people actually know that about you I think they see like, oh, he's a defensive coordinator in the professional league But he got his start as a high school coach. That's very interesting. So for you, I want to go back to It's probably what 1972 1973 1973 1973 go take me back to a young dean peas Well, I had just graduated from college really in the middle of the year graduated in december I was playing in a city league basketball league and the guy that was on my team was a principal of a high school And uh, obviously I got to know him well playing on the team and one day he came to me and goes, uh, you know What are you planning on doing? I was actually working at a men's clothing store In town and I thought, you know, I want to teach and coach as I got an education degree. I really want to coach And so he goes, well, I think we're going to have an opening. Would you be interested? Absolutely. So I I Took the job site unseen didn't know where the high school was anything else didn't really care just so I wanted the job and uh took the job and was uh The defensive coordinator my first year and then the next year the the head coach resigned and I became the head coach And really that's really Tory. That's that was kind of what I wanted to be I wanted to be the guys I admired the most kind of growing up besides my father was my high school coaches And so I kind of wanted to follow in their footsteps So I was happy and I stayed on there for six years Wow, I think that's I I love that because I for me the backbone. I think of Coaching is teaching and I know that's something that you've talked about before When you were kind of at the high school level, how how did you see that? Incorporating not only in what you were doing then but who you are now as a defensive coordinator in the league Well, I think there's a couple things that came really from the very early beginning there in high school is number one Um, you know, you had to prepare lesson plans. You had to prepare ahead Um, everybody doesn't learn at the same rate You know, I think your object as a teacher was not to see how many people you could fail It's how many can you benefit to really understand the stuff that you're trying to teach and Um, get the most out of them and so everybody is at a different level And so you got to learn how to deal with that and you got to have patience because every like I say everybody's not going to Just come natural to them And really that's even true in the nfl Every every defensive back doesn't play at the same level some catch on real quick some maybe not so much So but it's your job to get them to all be at the same level. So how you going to do that? I think the other thing is that Um, in high school you inherit who you have you don't recruit You know, it's not like college. Okay, we can go out and recruit this guy or we can draft this guy in the nfl Hey, I got whoever I got a guy's got to go play my free safety. You got to go play linebacker for me I got to figure out how the parts fit now. What what can this guy do best? How can we fit him into this and I think that's how you become a successful high school coach You deal with so many personalities you deal with parents You deal with all that kind of stuff that's kind of from the outside in but I think it really Helps you to become a teacher and it and you also have to stand in front of a classroom all the time And you're you're talking and teaching It's not take something off a computer And you know like nowadays a little bit more than than I think it should be is too many guys spend too much time on the computer And not enough time with people You had to teach and I think that that's I'm really really grateful for the way that I I did come up Um, it didn't take over it didn't happen overnight But I really am thankful for the way it did and I really I'm just so grateful that I was a high school teacher to start out with What are come as some of the the stories that you have from being a high school coach and teacher? I know uh, I think back to What my dad did growing up your mo in the field you are trading film you are doing It's kind of you're doing everything. You know now it's like oh these coaching staffs at the pro level they have Underlings who can do everything but at the high school level it is you doing everything So what was what was kind of your week like as a high school coach? Well, it was in the summer I mowed the fields lined the fields That's kind of what you did we put on a camp every summer, but it was free We got some of the mothers of the players to you know make snacks and drinks and all that stuff and And that's how you really got going you weren't in it. It didn't have anything to do with money There wasn't any uh, so it's it's It was just it was very very when you look back on it is just so rewarding I think sometimes it's it's sometimes, you know, when you're when you're a kid You don't know how good your childhood is until you become an adult Well, I think it was the same way In coaching I don't know how Much fun and how much I actually enjoyed being a high school coach until I became a coach later on And how much I appreciated what I had to do and what other coaches have to do That's why I admire high school coaches. We need more of them I really feel like in society. We're always trying to find All these psychological things to help kids that you know, there's just way too many shootings and things like that going on nowadays How about if all the kids in the high school or 80 percent of them were involved in an extracurricular activity after school? Well, it doesn't have to be football. It could be any sport. It could be music. It could be plays It could be any of that stuff How much more beneficial would that be to maybe put money into the high schools? In this country then it would end up all these other programs You know, so they aren't going on home and sitting around and being alone or playing, you know on on Some of these games that they play on video games. How about if we could get kids more involved? Well, you got people right there in the high school that will do it But they also You shouldn't have to do it for free, right? And so, you know, maybe we ought to pump some money in that way I know i'm talking politics there a little bit, but I just really feel like sometimes that that's all kind of gone by the Wayside and there's Programs being dropped because they say well, we don't have the money to support this program or that program I just think that's a tragedy. Yeah, I think too like you talk about You know people being alone being in I think Growing up always being around a team and being a part of a team That was something that really kind of shaped me into who I am and I know it's something that shapes Even the players at the professional level into who they are is being a part of a team What are kind of some memories that you have of those early days and and kind of Forming these teams and and you were talking about how at the high school level you don't get to bring in Who you want to you have these guys who you just kind of have What was kind of your way of of building these teams? Well, I think the biggest thing was is I we I took over a program that had not won in a long time So the number one thing was kind of being positive and trying to convince them that they can be good Um, there's so much more of that than people really realize at all levels Yeah You know you you become in a rut if if you just aren't having a lot of success people have a tendency to Kind of drop down to the level that everybody puts them at instead of trying to go past that But you know also being at the high school I was a head football coach I was the jv basketball coach and the head track coach And so the other part of that is not everybody that ran track played football Right not everybody that played football ran track or and then there were certain guys in basketball That was their thing so you also find out that everybody doesn't have the same interest you do You know and that's okay, you know, but they so you coach them all different, you know, I can't go in you know as as a Basketball coach and treat it like I did as the football team, you know You know giving them a rah rah speech before you know to go out and hit somebody was was not gonna work Not not real good when they fouled out So then and then after a couple years as a basketball coach They asked me if I want to be the assistant wrestling coach. Well, I'd never wrestled in my life I didn't know anything about it, but I thought, you know, I'll be interesting. So I did it and Basically, they let me go as a basketball coach because I got too many technicals So they moved me over to wrestling and so then I became the assistant wrestling coach Like I said didn't know anything about it But then I get a whole different appreciation for what those guys go through You're out there on the map by yourself. You're not playing on a team It's you and against the other guy and there's nobody you can ask for help You know, you're not calling for the safety or the linebacker to help you out. There's it's you and so Different appreciation for that same thing with the track guys It's you against the clock and against the other guys So you learn a lot about people and how to handle people And to me that was the most rewarding thing about high school and then You know Everybody always talks to me about the Super Bowls and stuff, but the truth of it is is that The satisfaction of watching That high school team have their first winning season in 20 years Was very very rewarding. It took a lot of work had nothing to do with money The assistant coaches that were on my staff I mean those guys got peanuts to help be an assistant coach. Maybe 500 for the year and just the You know, just the the great satisfaction of taking a a group like that that hadn't won and watching them win Was just really really satisfying. Yeah, I I I love that because It is I mean, I I think a lot of people Get it don't get into coaching for The money they get into it because they love people and love their players Um, and I I think that shows most evident in the fact that you got so many technicals as a basketball coach I have a story. Yeah. So when I was 13 years old I was at my sister's my younger sister's basketball game. It was just like a wreck game It wasn't anything significant and I got a technical in the stands Not because I was technically yelling but because I was sitting beside my mom and we both were yelling and She yelled to this this poor young referee that he sucked and I was like, yeah He does and then he turned around and said get out of here. So I can relate to that. What is your Favorite tech getting a technical story that you ever had well actually is the first game I ever coached as a jv coach the first one and and the head coach The varsity coach was our athletic director. Okay, obviously You know, this is my boss right not twice not only is the basketball coach, but as the ad And so we're in an away game And I don't remember. There's some call goes on, but I do remember it's gibsonberg high school and You know is different than in football. I walked right out to midcourt and started getting the officials. I mean You're not supposed to be out here. It was the first thing he told me Then the second thing was he teched and gave me a technical And then I kind of looked around and there's our athletic director shaking his head going. What have I done? And so that was I I do remember my very first technical as a coach. Yeah, you never you never forget I love that. It was funny too because Yeah, the coaching basketball and coaching football It's a very different beast and I liked what you were talking about in terms of like Having to choose and understand how each Not only like each team works, but coaching and teaching each individual person Um, you've had a almost 50 years of doing this. Is there a player who learned in a Different way that you kind of had to go back and be like I need to figure out how this this player learns And because it's very different than maybe somebody else Well, I don't I don't know if I could say and I probably wouldn't say who it was but Every player learns a little different and and some can just look at the film And boom pick it up some of them you can actually draw a diagram and they can pick it up Some of them you got to go out there and rep it two or three times before they truly understand It doesn't matter bottom line is how do I need to get it taught? You know, everybody doesn't probably learn math quite the same way or you know or anything else and Even if some people can read a book and tell you everything It's in the book me I got to go back and back and back and back and write notes and do all that kind of stuff So everybody does learn differently, but I think the other part of it is that Everybody comes from a different background too And the more you know about their background as a teacher or as a coach This is kind of fast-forwarding a little bit, but in college I wanted as a head college coach I wanted to visit every player that played for me's home Which is hard to do it's a lot of players. Yeah, but I did it every spring When most the coaches would go junior recruiting I went and visited the homes of guys who are already on my team Because it helped me understand. Is it a tough background? Is it a very affluent background? Is it a very poor background financially? Who runs the family? Is it mom? Is it dad? Is it grandma? Are there is there a dad in the picture? Is there parents in the picture? If you understand those dynamics, you also maybe understand a little bit About the player a little bit more and to me that was really really important It was easy to do when you're recruiting a kid out of high school Because you're going on the home visits and you get to kind of see But you don't know about the guys that are already were on your team And then eventually you know them all because you've recruited them all if you're there long enough and it It transcends into the nfl Oh really because I'll give you an example of a young man one time that we're playing in a playoff game And Every Wednesday As long as I've been a coordinator in the nfl. I have what I call a signal callers meeting Yes, and I take a guy from each position and we come in and I talk to them about Here's before I ever talked to the defense. Here's what our game plan is. What do you guys think? So they have a little input in it to it because it's it's their team Right And so like like when I was a Baltimore, I mean it was ray lewis edry Terrell Suggs and hello d nada. I mean it was incredible. You know, I was a I should have taken a picture So I can remember walking into them one time and telling him here's what You know, I we want to do against this team that we're playing in the playoffs. So I mean this is big now Yeah, we can't be wrong, right? All right. So then I tell him that And and I I'll never forget edry's face is that I tell him that I'm going to put this one corner In charge of making the disguise call Okay, we're going to try to disguise the coverage on this quarterback And I want everybody to look the same And the kid that I talked about was a kid that always had had come from a couple different teams and had trouble adjusting and just kind of was Just had trouble. Yeah And so ed looked at me like you're going to do what? I said I am yeah Because here's the thing about it is he's never been in charge anything Nobody's ever given him that Responsibility he's always been put in a follower role somebody else was in charge and you have to do what they do The truth of the matter is is I don't really care what we disguise It's just I want them both corners to be exactly the same So I know this corner over here is going to do exactly what I tell him to do Him the guy that I'm talking about Sometimes does sometimes he doesn't But if he's in charge, I know the other guy will do exactly I said and I'm going to point it out in front of the whole defense who I'm going to put in charge of the disguise I said wait till you see his face I will bet you that he perks right up sits up and all of a sudden like somebody gave me Some credibility and some responsibility Because I knew about this kid's background And it wasn't good right And so when I did it that day Ed comes back to me because man, you were right I turned around and looked at him and it was like Somebody had just given him Something special. Yeah, and you're in charge And he took that and ran with it and had a heck of a year had a heck of a game And we won it and went on to the Super Bowl So it was just something like that But that not if I hadn't known his background if I just would have said wow Hey, I'm not gonna put that guy in charge. I'm gonna put this guy in charge It benefited him, but it benefited us And in the only reason I kind of did it was because I knew that he needed that And that would help all of us and it did. Yeah, I mean that was what I was going to ask is like Why that moment like why did you want to give him that responsibility? I mean you talk about it's a big game. It's a playoff game. Like this is This is it you win or you or you lose and that's it and so Why was it that moment that you felt compelled to do that because it fit Because I like I say it didn't matter what the disguise was I didn't care if they lined up in cover two and played cover three or if they lined up in cover three and played cover two It didn't matter What mattered was that we just had a disguise I didn't want the quarterback to be able to before the ball was ever snapped to know exactly what the coverage was So it didn't matter how we disguised it. It just mattered that we did So it was a perfect timing to put him in charge of it Because it didn't really it wasn't There wasn't anything schematically. He couldn't screw it up. Right. He couldn't yeah So whatever he chose to do was going to be right And it was just so the timing of it was It just it happened. I just thought about it at the time and I thought okay I got to put somebody in charge of this and I thought it's the perfect time to put him in charge I I love that because I think that it's You go going back to what you're talking about is like knowing the background of a player And kind of knowing how much they can handle versus what they can't handle I I think you even talked about it even taking over this falcons defense last year and And you made the comment like I'm not trying to fit the the players To the scheme a good coach a good coordinator fits the scheme to the players And how much like When you're looking at like background and thinking about who you have available How much do you cognizantly think about that and how much you as a coordinator are changing to fit the person that you have Oh all the time. I would hope that all coaches would do that. It's The easiest analogy. It was okay. If you have an option quarterback That you high you recruited out of high school to to go in are you going to make him a drop-back quarterback in college? No There was a reason why he had success in high school because it was an option quarterback and can run Okay, so you're going to adapt your offer. I would hope You you probably most times you're recruiting guys to what you want to do if you're a drop-back college team You're going to recruit a drop-back guy The thing that hit me was in the in the nfl Especially, you know, you only have 45 guys dressed on game day, right, you know, maybe 22 guys on defense So You know if a guy goes down, okay, let's say that we want to play man coverage And we got a corner. We got maybe too cold. Hey, if you're blessed you have two corners that can play man coverage But one of one of them gets hurt or rolls an ankle or does something like that And the next guy up isn't a good man coverage team or guy So are you going to say then what my guys you're going to play man coverage? No matter what you're going to get killed so The year we won the super bowl in baltimore in 2012 If i'm not mistaken, we started seven different corners that year because of injuries and things Well, we changed the game plan every week. Sometimes we played a lot of cover two Sometimes we played a lot of cover three. Sometimes we played a lot of cover man And so I mean we we got it. We had we brought a kid in one day on a tuesday And was playing on he was going to have to start on sunday against the team that just cut him Oh Now you think they might know a little something about him Well, there's no way am i going to put him in it's not fair to put him in harm's way and say Bye guys. This is what you're going to have to do We're going to what does this guy when we watch the film on him from the other team? What does he do best? Well, that's what we're going to end up having to do. I got to kind of configure it and do some things And to me, that's what you do as a coach is it's just it's not fair to a player if he's not a good blitzer Why would you be blitzing him if he's not a good pass rusher? Why would you be putting him in a situation and then everybody's screaming at him like why can't this guy do it? Well, you know you're putting him in an unfair advantage There's some things they just got to do because it's part of the defense, but for the most part you're trying your best to Put guys in positions so they can have success because that's how you're going to have success Kind of going going back to to what you were saying about Going into players homes and getting to know them You after coaching at the high school level for six years You made the jump to college and you made many stops there Miami, Ohio, Toledo, michigan state. I could go on but for you And and then of course the head coaching job at can't state What were you like as a recruiter? I know recruiting now is very different. It's almost like it's own machine now But at the time is probably 80s 90s. What was recruiting like at that time? I liked it. Yeah, I did enjoy and I didn't like to travel necessarily all the time but I actually like going in and visiting with parents because I was a parent and I wanted to make them feel like I'm going to treat their son like I would treat my son, you know I'm going to take care of him. I'm going to I'm going to do everything I can to make sure he graduates from college That's going to be the number one thing. I know he was going to play football and football is going to help pay the bill But his chance of the playing in the NFL You know or slim and so I know that and a lot of guys that I recruited They were the first person in their family to go to college and so mom's looking at him going I want this guy to get an education and so therefore as a father. I wanted to project that image that You're I'm going to take care of your son. He's not going to be just a football player in my eyes He's going to be a young man And and I'm going to take care of him and I wanted to portray that And but I did enjoy it And I didn't Now you have to be a negotiator. Oh, yeah 100 and so the difference then was though That I sold the school Not me or even the football program Because coaches can change. Yeah Okay, your son goes to michigan state if you come to michigan state You're coming to michigan state because it's got a good academic program that you're interested in It's got a good football program and good people that are going to treat you right Because two years from now i'm working for nick save and he he was mentioned for every head coaching job there was in the country Yeah, so everybody was always using recruiting against us saying well, you're going to go play for save And he's not even going to be there next year. I go. Yeah, he might not be I didn't try to take the other approach like oh, no, he's going to be I don't know him He might not be now they look like a liar I said, yeah, he might not be But if you're choosing michigan state because of nick save and you choose a michigan state for the wrong reason You should be choosing michigan state because of the academics that you can get the school the people The overall atmosphere of michigan state If you're not then yeah, you shouldn't come to us I don't know if i'll be there next year. Who knows this is a coaching profession people move Don't pick a school because of a person pick up because of the school I don't think that's the case anymore. It's changed a lot that way. It's pretty crazy. So recruiting was different. Yeah, you know And i'll go back even to Like in college even at kent state, you know My wife every thursday night we had 10 players over to our house off the team We spread it out over the course of you know 10 games And so but if we had you know 85 to 90 guys on the team Every player that was on our football team Had a home cooked meal in our house on thursday night And so they got to see my house and what it was like and where it was and all that stuff And so it took a little more of a personal look than he's just the coach And you know i'm probably a whole lot different at home that I was on the field And so and it just I think just sharing That helps guys understand guys are always going to play harder for you if they know you care about them And so it's kind of That's how recruiting was to me. It was get to know people more than it was just recruit somebody. Yeah What uh, what'd y'all eat during those those visits to to your house anything and everything? Yeah, a little bit of everything. It could be burgers. It could be hot dogs. It could be barbecue It could be a little bit of everything. I didn't know if it was like we're gonna have this every single thursday night Are you a superstitious type in terms of coaching? Not too much. So I my dad was very superstitious and there was one time we had to eat I think it was subway. It was like we had to have subway And this is not a podcast sponsored by subway unless subway you want to sponsor the podcast But we would eat subway every single like sunday night Because they kept winning and it was like that was the thing I don't know why it was that that we fixated on but it was like we have to eat subway Or we have to eat pizza hut. So what if you lost did you never eat subway again? We didn't eat it for the rest of the season Which is very unfortunate because I like a good sandwich. So I mean that's just how it was But no, I I love that and I think that's you're right the players and I think The impact that players like coaches have on players lives. They don't know who you are They don't there's no impact there and I think that's super super important. Um I said you talked about Coaching with Nick Saban and in this area in the Atlanta Georgia area. He is someone who's very very well known and his career is very very well known What's your favorite Nick Saban story from your time coaching with him? Oh I gotta be careful here. I know so no he Nick treated me Absolutely great and and I know people would think this is probably hard to believe but In in I was Nick Saban's defense coordinator twice, right? Yes. You you were with him He got to he got a lot of people don't know he was the head coach at the University of Toledo, right? And he was only there a year and so I was higher he hired me as his defense coordinator We went nine and two won the league and he leaves And goes to the Browns as a defensive coordinator And here we are nine and two But we all got retained and stayed on and with a guy named Gary Pinkle who was also a great coach and So then when I I left on later and went to Notre Dame And Nick went to michigan state and hired me back as his defensive coordinator So nick has always been great to me and my family and I people will find it's hard to believe But in all the time that I coached for nick he never raised his voice One time at me never And I think he knew that I always had was loyal had mutual respect for him and would never do anything that He didn't want But I do recall one time We're out and we had what we call pre-practice and I go out and I kind of walk through and talk through the stuff That's going to go through in practice and so I go out and I'm Going through all the stuff with the defense and he wasn't out there and he kind of walked out late And then he started to talk about something that I'd already covered And I was in a hurry because I wanted to get everything done before the whistle blew to start practice And I just looked at it goes. Hey, I've covered that Kind of that like that and as soon as I did I was like what the heck have I done and all players Like oh god dead silence He didn't say a word We went on way of practice Later that night though, I got a telephone call. Oh gosh. All all was was Next time I walk out late. I'd appreciate it very much if you didn't use that tone with me. Yes, sir You're good coach. I I knew I was wrong two seconds after it left my mouth. So but he treated me absolutely great It's it's so great when you know, you had um You had all these experiences at the college level and then you get you get to become your own head coach at kent state What was that experience like and and why did you want to to make that jump? and also Something that we've talked about recently is that was a very meaningful Time for you in your career. So so can you kind of just take me through those years well, that First of all my I had three bosses in a row Nick Saban Gary Pinkle and Lou Holt and they're all kent state graduates. Wow. Yeah, I know so Uh And I grew up in the mid american conference with the school of bowling green I coached as defense coordinator in miami of ohio defense coordinator to leto. So I knew the league really well and loved the league It's very competitive. It's not high-profile and all that but it's very good football and Just just I really loved the league so The kent state job kind of opened up and they actually contacted me And I think probably because of nick and lou and gary and I know there were some people thought maybe I shouldn't take this job because they had lost for a long Time and it was not good losses. It was it was not good But part of the reason it attracted me that job attract I was attracted to that job was the same thing as high school One of them I told you early on one of the most rewarding things I ever did was having a first winning season in Years at that high school. Yeah, and I thought Okay, whoever takes over for nick saving at alabama You got about one way to go and that's that. I mean, how are you gonna? Yeah, you're gonna fill those shoes And it's kind of like when I went to new england Yeah, I won a superbowl my first year there, but they won the superbowl the year before Did I feel a sense of accomplishment? Well, yeah, I didn't screw them up But I didn't build them Bill Belichick built it So this was an opportunity because can we take a program that is really down and down And let's see if we can change it and that's such a gratifying Satisfying feeling it wasn't high school So I wanted to kind of relive that a little bit at the college level And we did and we turned the thing around guys like josh cribs and james harrison and some other guys And it took some player But what a gratifying feeling To finally have the first winning season Then in 2001 and we beat ben rothelsberger on the last play of the last game to go six and five And people would have thought we'd won the superbowl What a gratifying Feeling that was and it was hard work. There wasn't a lot of money at those schools You got to really work hard. You're fighting an uphill battle and recruiting Not only financially, but because you've been losing for so long, you know, Culture is everything. Hey kids are looking at you. Yeah Yeah, I recruited daver gone It's on our staff and it came down to us in louisville And I know why you went to louisville and louisville was having winning seasons and we weren't and he was high-profile quarterback out of cleveland, ohio and so It was just those six years where it was very very very gratifying. Yeah Can you walk me through that? recruiting process of daver gone, you know what daver gone helped me more than any Coach or player ever in recruiting really I'll tell you how and he knows it because I gave him credit for daver gone Was a very high-profile st. Ignatius high school, which is a great high school in cleveland, ohio state champions first up so it comes down to us and louisville And the thing about dav was, you know, most recruits are the high school coach is going to tell you go Hey, he recruit, you know, he committed to louisville Dave didn't dav came down and told me in person Coach i'm going to louisville. I really loved it here. I loved my visit here You know, I like your staff. I like all this stuff what you're doing, but i'm going to louisville date. Why? Tell me why because this would have been a coup for us to get this guy out of cleveland He goes it's just I've grown up all the time. I won't read in the cleveland playing dealer and everything and everything about kent state football was negative You know louisville pretty positive. It's not It's like everybody would probably stop him in the hallway and say, you know, hey, where are you going to school? Dave and dav go, well, it's between kent louisville and kent You know, so I don't think he could he couldn't overcome that like the reputation Yeah, and he also wanted to be an NFL player until he thought my chances are going to be better I was selling to him come here and help us build something special. You can be the guy so He didn't But he told me in person Which tells you a little bit about him as a man and as a young boy 17 18 years old to have you know, usually they have the coach call you had to tell you So I looked at that and I go, okay, so this guy loved it here He's a high profile guy He liked his visit. He liked the school. He liked the staff and he still didn't choose us What's that tell me? So I changed my whole recruiting program And said i'm going east because we were in Ohio school and we tried to recruit nothing But Ohio a lot of Ohio kids, which we still did But we're fighting Toledo Miami of Ohio You got Ohio State and then everybody else came comes into Ohio and recruit Syracuse all Penn State all I need to go somewhere where people don't know as much about Kent State football So I went to the east coast and I kind of the kid named josh cribs And a couple other guys And all of a sudden it turned the whole thing around. Yeah, then we went back to recruiting Ohio hard once we started winning So it was like they were going by not coming Actually helped me turn the program around because I took a different direction than recruiting. That is fantastic. I This is the podcast material that I was looking for. I love this It's really great. And I it's interesting because we've kind of gone through your high school Experience your college experience and the next time that you pop on the podcast, which this is going to be a separate part We're going to get into you making the jump to the league and and all of the experiences that come along with it Maybe hopefully get some bill bell check stories in there But thank you for joining me today and we're really looking forward to having you on in a couple days my pleasure

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3 SPRING UPDOS 🌸 | Easy Hairstyles

S T O R E http://missysueshop.com S U B S C R I B E http://bit.ly/missysuesubscribe I N S T A G R A M http://www.instagram.com/MissySueBlog F A C E B O O K http://www.facebook.com/MissySueBlog P I N T E R E S T http://www.pinterest.com/MissySueBlog T I K T O K @missysueblog_ T W I T T E R http://www.twitter.com/MissySueBlog B L O G http://www.missysue.com --------------------------------------------------------- F A V O R I T E S Hair Brush: http://shopstyle.it/l/QRQ9 Comb: http://bit.ly/2uQBrsK Rattail/Teasing comb: http://shopstyle.it/l/QRSr Bobby pins: http://shopstyle.it/l/QRSw Elastic bands: http://shopstyle.it/l/QRSx Hair bands: http://shopstyle.it/l/QRSz Medium-hold hairspray: http://shopstyle.it/l/QRRn Strong-hold hairspray: http://shopstyle.it/l/QRSD Camera: http://bit.ly/2uR5sbW Vlog camera: http://bit.ly/2uyLqaZ FTC Disclaimer: This description box contains affiliate links. If you click on one of them, I'll receive a commission.

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Hello, it's Missy. Thank you for watching. Today I'm sharing three new updo's, so if you have a favorite out of these three, please let me know in the comments below. I love knowing which one you like the most. If you're new and haven't subscribed yet, please subscribe, click that bell, then you'll never miss any future videos, and let's get started! For the first hairstyle, begin by parting your hair wherever you normally prefer. Set it up how you'd like the style to look from the front, so divide out any pieces that you'd like to leave out to frame your face. Then create a low ponytail. Brush the rest of the hair together, creating a low ponytail that sits over the neck. Next braid the ponytail into a rope braid. Divide the hair from the ponytail into two equal sections. Cross the left section over the right section while simultaneously twisting the two sections towards the left side. Once the braid reaches the ends, use a clear elastic band to tie off the end of the braid. Next, take a hair scarf and tuck one end of the scarf through a section of the clear elastic band. Now roll the braid up into a bun at the back of the head. Take the end of the braid, making sure a section of the scarf is on both the left and the right side. Roll the clear elastic band upwards so the braid is being rolled onto itself. Continue rolling the braid upwards until it reaches the back of the head. Then hold it in place while it's being pinned. Take some bobby pins and secure the bun in place until it feels as though it won't fall loose. Lastly, you can tie the scarf into a knot or a double knot. You could also bring the scarf ends around the sides and up to the top of the bun and then tie it in place at the top if you wanted to have the scarf sit out on top of the hairstyle. For the next hairstyle, begin by dividing off the top section of hair at the crown and tie it off using a clear elastic band. Once the top section is tied off, clip this out of the way so you can work with the next section of hair. Underneath the first section, divide off a second section horizontally from above both of the ears. Use another clear elastic band to tie off the section directly underneath the first ponytail. Take the rest of the hair that's left hanging down and combine it together underneath the second ponytail. Now take the top ponytail section and twist the hair together towards the right side. Wrap the section over the elastic. Hold the twist in place and use a bobby pin to pin down the right side of the twist. Then use another bobby pin to pin down the left side of the twist. Now take the second ponytail and twist the hair together towards the right side again. Lay the twist the opposite direction across the back of the head from the right side towards the left. Pin the twist in place on both the right and the left sides again. Now take the third ponytail and twist the hair together towards the right side again. Lay the twist across the back of the head from left to right and use a couple bobby pins to pin the twist in place underneath the previous twist. Take the ends from the last twist and bring them up over the bun and pin down the ends making sure to hide them underneath the hairstyle. If you have any extra ends left hanging down, twist the section together and lay it over the top of the bun following the direction of the previously twisted sections. Pin down the twist on both edges and then just set the style in place with some hairspray. For the third hairstyle, begin by parting the hair near the right side so there is more hair to work with on one side. Create a rope braid with the hair on the left side of the part. Divide off a section of hair and divide it into two equal sized sections. Cross the left strand over the right strand and then pick up a new section of hair and add it into the front section. Then cross the front section over the back section. Pick up a new section of hair and add it into the front section again. Then cross this forward section over the back section. Now add a new section of hair from the head into the forward section of hair. Then cross it over the back section of hair again. Continue this pattern adding in a new section of hair to the front section and then cross it over the back section and repeat that pattern until the braid reaches down near the top of the left ear. At this point stop adding in new sections of hair and just continue crossing the front section over the back section continuing the braid down towards the end of the section. Once the braid reaches the ends of the hair take a couple bobby pins and pin these over the bottom of the braid so it doesn't unravel. Next divide off a section of hair at the crown. Bring this hair together at the center back of the head. Pin the section in place by sliding some bobby pins into the hair to hold it in place against the back of the head. Lay the twist over the bobby pins and pin the twist in place making sure that they're slid into the hair so they don't stick out and show. Next create a low ponytail. Take the rest of the hair left hanging down and combine it all together at the nape of the neck. Use a hair band to tie off the hair creating a low ponytail. Then push the hair band down slightly and create a gap in the hair just above the hair band. Flip the ends of the ponytail up through the gap and bring it back down underneath so it creates two twisted side sections above the hair band. Now bring the ponytail upwards. Pinch the hair at the hair band so there is a small loop created with the ponytail hair. Take a clear elastic band and tie this over the small loop to create a little bun in the ponytail. Next divide the ends from the ponytail that are sticking out upwards and divide the hair into two equal sections. Cross the two sections over each other and then wrap the two ends back down the sides of the bun so they meet back together underneath. Take a clear elastic band and tie the two pieces together underneath the bun. Pinch and pull on the hair to fluff it up a bit. Pull sections of the bottom bun in opposite directions to tighten it against the head. Then gently pull on small pieces of the top two cross sections to make them a little bit wider to help close off any gaps between the hair and the back of the head. As a final step, you can go back over the hair at the crown and pinch and pull out small sections to create some volume at the top of the hairstyle. Then use some hairspray to help smooth down any flyways and help hold the style in place. Thank you so much for watching that wraps up the video. If you have a favorite please let me know in the comments. Be sure to subscribe, click that notification bell, then you'll be notified every time I post a new video and I will see you next time!

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How we did Summer Kickstart 2021

In Summer 2021, Aalto Scientific Computing ran an online "HPC/Computing Kickstart" course as we usually do in the summers. This was the third time we did it online, and our best effort yet. We managed to teach about 200 people in an interactive and entertaining fashion. This talk explains how we did it. The main concepts: - Separate instructors from the student and adopt a "TV studio" type production strategy, with instructors broadcasting via livestream and separate rooms for exercises with helpers. OBS (Open Broadcaster Software) is used for this production. - The above allowed us to make the course public and allow anyone to attend, and also very quickly produce videos that are useful for follow-up work. - HackMD for communication via written questions/comments, both answered by helpers and discussed live. These are saved and posted later. - Always do team teaching. No one should lecture alone, instead every lesson is run as a discussion among at two people. This adds in interaction that might be missing with a quiet audience. - Always a portrait screenshare so that learners can have half the screen for their own work. - Realizing that different types of people attend: some watch passively, some do exercises, some are advanced. Try to be somewhat suitable for all and realize most people have to follow-up later, rather than learn immediately on the spot. - Of course all the typical tech teaching strategies apply as well, such as learner-centric design, interactive examples, and so on. These don't need to be re-stated here. Presentation material, may be updated in the future: https://rkdarst.github.io/presentation-kickstart/ Read more about the Aalto SciComp / CodeRefinery teaching style: https://coderefinery.github.io/manuals/ This talk and recording is self-demonstrating of the teaching style.

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Yes, so Welcome Yeah, so a little bit about me so I've been a computational researcher for 15 years in many different fields about five years ago I joined my current team and Now basically my focus is on usability and teaching of the computing So basically making it where people can actually use all the resources we provide So I'm part of auto scientific computing which is The name of our team within Alta University. We're a small team like nine people We don't really operate on a large scale But we are very close to the researchers Basically, we're distributed and we share coffee rooms with the people that use our services and it should note if you know Finland you probably know CSC we are not part of CSC and We don't even have as much interaction with them as we would like Basically, they're big and well We're not large enough to be to have a strong role there Okay, so what's the big picture? So I've phrased phrase this term crisis of computing. So basically The idea is that well people need almost anyone needs computing and researchers arrived They tend to arrive to our courses and our infrastructure unprepared for the work So an easy solution that some people can use to say well, you know, where the HPC cluster if you don't do real HPC This isn't what you need But that doesn't work for us. So we need to focus on everyone doing their work So we've got different things here. We have a training series, which you can read about more yourself We have a online course, which is more like a roadmap of all the different things You might need to know to build yourself up from what you might learn in academic courses to using the cluster So as I've said before Using a cluster is not that difficult when you know how to use the shell really well If you don't know how to use the show well, then well, it's almost impossible and So on and so on. So basically it's all about the basics here Lately we have a research software engineer service, which I think takes a complementary role here So not everyone needs to do everything themselves. So we can sort of export some of the problems to professionals who can work with the researchers so in Well a few years ago we started this kickstart course a few being maybe 2014 or so I'm not entirely sure and it's been continually refined over time So it's sort of a starting point of new users for a cluster. We recommend everyone to take it and These days it's not really focused on the high performance so much but on the computing part So most people if you need to use Large MPI programs or even write large MPI programs, but you can probably figure that out Yourself or use any many of the other good training courses that are available But the biggest problem is that people come and they start to use the cluster and you don't know Linux or shell or Whatever like that and you just can't get started So our typical contents these days is the first day is sort of general lecture-ish kind of things like a crash course about what does HPC and computing even mean About the Linux shell like what are the different workflows that are even available to do your computing Cluster or otherwise or guest talks from other people like CSC and then days two and three is how to actually use the cluster okay, um so When we got to a year ago and everyone everything went remote I immediately realized that this is a great thing because we're closer to everyone else in the world So it's easier to share things so for our summer kickstart course. We said well Why not open it to everyone else in Finland? so we did and There's different advantages and disadvantages here the Disadvantage is that the examples don't necessarily work out of the box everywhere else But we sort of worked on that by trying to standardize our clusters a little bit So it's not at the level of different courses for every different site But we tried to make one course that reasonably work between all of the finish sites excluding CSC For the reason stated above so the advantage is that even if we didn't have the effort to Generalize this to all the courses and make it seamless. It's still a resource that the other places just didn't have and realistically wouldn't have the staff to have in the near term and Most of the what I think important messages of the course are sort of independent of the cluster Like if you see how to run a array job somewhere It's not that hard to understand the concept and use it somewhere else If you know the Linux shell and other things to do the scripting So yeah, so last summer we did a joint with other Communities then in February of this year We took this a bit further and made it with the MOOC strategy, which I'll explain next and then in July oh Yeah, and then in July this year We continued that and really showed that it was seamless and scaled quite well So you can see our pipeline here. We had many people registered and quite high retention overall Okay, um So what's our current teaching strategy? So a lot like code refinery with the online courses Which is not a like small 10 or 20 person workshop like carbon trees, but we've managed to scale this to 100 people pretty well by distributing things into breakout rooms And then we have lectures, which is where we show demos and explain what to do and then breakout rooms for people work So in the Kickstarter course, we don't actually have this here So in the Kickstarter course, it's actually Like sort of the lectures and demos and typologs and then people working themselves with Mentoring and help when people ask for it And that's mainly because we can't get enough helpers like we can in code refinery So I think there's different levels of people we're talking to so some people are new and they're fine with just watching passively So you sort of need to like watch and see the course and see the whole thing And then maybe next time you can dive in a little bit more So expecting everyone to be hands-on is too much Some people are about ready and want to do all the examples and the courses about on target for them Some are quite advanced and want to move forward quickly Another important thing is co-teaching so we basically say you should never teach alone So in the small courses the idea is that you have the teacher and the learners and the teacher should have a discussion with the learners but that doesn't really work in the giant courses so in code refinery we have a hundred people and You can't like basically the audience didn't talk with you So instead we have two teachers and the teachers are talking with each other And you can read here if you would like to know how it works in practice And this basically makes it seem interactive and work very well Then we have hack and D for questions, which I forgot to introduce but I guess I can introduce now So here which I will put in the zoom chat is The hack and D and you can ask a question such as like this and then you will get answers like this and And this is basically better than voice because multiple people can talk at the same time And you don't have to try to speak over each other in order to like get a time to ask the question and it's better than the zoom chat because Well, it's sort of asynchronous and you can go back and answer in different orders So this basically lets any course scale and become super interactive Okay, so the tech setup this is where it gets interesting So when we're teaching to 200 people We don't do that in one zoom meeting first off. There's no need to and it doesn't really work so The basic idea is this there's one instructor zoom meeting here Which you have the instructors and some certain helpers and the production crew and so on and learners are not there Instead it's captured with open broadcasting software Which is what I'm doing now and then it's live streamed to the whole world via twitch so basically anyone who once can sign up for it and Watch and see and there's no risk of it affecting anyone else I mean, isn't it sort of interesting that as soon as we go to remote work We have the possibility for anyone in the world to attend our events and we immediately learn Okay, we should never ever share a zoom link because something bad might happen Why not have both this provides that? so and then there's a learner zoom and the learners independently watch the twitch stream or it can be shared within the zoom meeting and then there the learners work and Like do the examples and talk with the helpers and mentors and then give us feedback via this HackMD and then we see that in respond and Comment back on the stream and so on so the general flow goes We'll talk a little bit will give an example and say okay now it's your turn and then we say okay you'll have 15 minutes and then we announce it we mute the stream and then the stream goes off and Can work alone in this? learner room and then We since the stream is muted we have our instructor space to talk and plan out the next strategy without interfering with all of the other Learners, which is really great. It hides the back channel talk some So as you notice here, I'm sharing zoom with a portrait screen share. I think this is a very important thing so It basically means that we have half the screen for us and our examples and half the screen for people to work along and Do their own thing? Yeah, so even in this meeting You're probably gonna be you're probably doing something else at the same time. You're listening to me So why not make it easier for you to do that? So it's easy to give the attention to me instead of minimizing this Landscape screen where everything's too small and you have to make it full screen to fit anything This is really great So a typical learner layout would look like this here Where half the screen is the share and half the screen is available and Well, we mix in the Instructors talking via the OBS open broadcaster software. So what are some advantages of the setup? so Well, you can see one of the feedbacks we got from some users here and basically Well, I like it a lot and it seems that some other people like it a lot too I see little reason to try to go back to another kind of strategy and I even think it's so Good that I don't really see how we can get something. That's as useful within the When we go back to in-person courses Let's see and Yes, I will publish the questions and answers later if there's anything useful there Okay, so what are the advantages so HackMD is a much better tool for answering questions and Oh, yes, so Yeah, so the HackMD since there's no personal data there can be shared and we put it on the course website Or make it available also since the learners are not in the Not in the same zoom meeting there's zero chance of privacy risk here, so we can immediately release the videos We can allow anyone to watch without giving out this zoom link publicly Let's see The videos are available for an instant replay So twitch records it for 14 days and then it gets on YouTube soon Which I mean when you have a course like this everything you do in the course I mean that's not really enough like do we really expect someone to learn what we're teaching in the three hours we have in one day, so No, I don't think that's really possible. So we need to mix these different strategies There's a live thing where we talk. There's the written material. There's the recordings later And this also makes it really great easy for someone to catch up if they get behind The instructor back channel doesn't interfere with the learners So in the original code refinery courses when we're going in breaks or exercises and then instructors are discussing Oh, what do we do next now? It's great We can sort of just mute it and then we plan ourselves and the instructor workload is much less People say that the team teaching is much more engaging than trying to get these overloaded learners to Get Get engaged in it and I think the course is just overall a lot more fun to give So what are the disadvantages? So well when you try to scale too much for something like HBC, there's problems with incompatible sites So we got a lot of feedback about this but when discussing it then other people come up and say yeah like and maybe it doesn't work but This is still much better than anything we had so just keep going at it So the tech takes some getting used to both for the other instructors and for the learners Yeah, but I mean everyone got used to it pretty well after you saw a few examples so I think that this is not really a big concern and When we went to remote work, I took some time to upgrade my home desktop computer and made it where it was able to Like prepared it for these kinds of things and as you can see here, it's slowly grown into this massive setup with the Let's see So with the this is the code refinery setup and it was a bit more complicated with the current setup You need one less screen to do it. Well, but I think you could even do it with two screens or something like that And really this is to the point where when we go back to the office. I don't think I could run this from work I have to have my home setup in order to do this. So what are some future prospects here? We'll probably keep going with this strategy for our large courses at least the really biggest ones And there's really no reason not to invite the whole world to attend Other people want to take part they can simply provide the Twitch link and they can say okay, you know, you can watch this course it may be useful It may not be you'll probably learn something you'll have to go and use our docs to fill in missing gaps But at least you get the big picture You can make your own zoom meeting with for your own breakout rooms So basically as one of my colleagues said it's like a TV production So we have the studio we produce it for the world and then there's all the different people that are earned at different theaters or classrooms or audiences and then they watch it separately and then You know during the commercial breaks then say okay, now let's talk among ourselves, okay now Let's go back and so on and so on also, I think rather than making the courses different or Customizing the courses different things why not try to standardize clusters more of course this is a almost impossible task because of the independence of Sis admins of different sites, but you know, maybe we can make a generic course which has the basics and Say okay, we expect that Your cluster can work with this course Let's see other Things in the future so Yeah, it's the course generic or localized um Do we Continue sort of like we had where we had some generic days and then some Days where each site has their own program running on Can we combine more internationally is code refinery platform for this? These are all good possibilities here So let's look at these questions here while I had some other last-minute things they wrote down So yeah, I think that the usability is as important as the training if something is hard to teach then maybe we need to make it more usable Let's see So this is a part of the big training courses and also I think that the courses are not the end all Strategy here. So I really like I said above I think I really don't think that a single course is enough to have everyone learn things So instead of forcing a whole course into a few days and expecting this is enough I think we have to have a course which is reasonably good enough and scaled enough Like sort of what we're doing here and then good local support. So the person is really going to learn HPC by By asking their colleagues or their local support for mentoring in these like Small little things that they're working on as you're working it on Okay, let's see What's the backup plan so well so our backup plan so far has been if the Streaming setup breaks then the instructors joined the published zoo meeting for the learners with the breakout rooms and then teach there Let's see Let's see Yeah, so I think that we need to Make this where other people can use the setup pretty easily So we're not quite there yet in part because I'm still refining it But I think we're slowly getting there and when someone has time they'll be able to do it without too much effort Yeah, Sima had a point here about Like it really does sort of centralize most of the tech setup to one person And that actually means that we can take a lot more instructors in so specialization is okay Yeah, how does course evaluation work so by having hack MD which is continually having questions like this then The instructors can get a continual pulse of how people are asking questions and how it's going We can have feedback We can say okay, how would you like how does this feedback work? Like how's this going and we ask people to give the feedback in the hack MD and everyone can we have polls via hack MD and so on and My time is running a bit low here But Yeah, I think that's the general point. So I guess in summary I sort of see that The goal with the teaching should not be to take the training courses We would do in person and make them online But sort of have a new strategy like we have to have a whole new concept of running the courses online and then we can reach far more people and fill in a gap and then we redesign how we learn and Mentor in person and small So what's the instructor participant ratio? so in the Kickstarter course we had 200 learners or so and then maybe Maybe five to ten helpers on a typical day during the course within the Learner room So these were answering questions from learners and we would have a few from our site a few from the other sites within Finland And then for instructors there was basically me and then one or two other instructors for most of the time So the scaling is just amazing here Yeah, but well the downside is it's not a One-on-one thing like the Carpentries does So okay with that being said I will stop my Screen share here and go back to zoom so Yeah for anyone that's watching the recording later. Thanks for listening

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TELLING MY GIRLFRIEND MY FAMILY IS MOVING IN WITH US!! *EPIC REACTION*

TELLING MY GIRLFRIEND MY FAMILY IS MOVING IN WITH US!! *EPIC REACTION* SUBSCRIBE HERE ! --- https://www.youtube.com/c/janieceisai...​ INSTAGRAM - https://www.instagram.com/isaiahriveraofficial/ https://www.instagram.com/janiecenyasia/ OUR CAMEO PROFILE ! --- https://v.cameo.com/jHT6fifvUjb OUR FACEBOOK PAGE ! --- https://www.facebook.com/janiece.isai...​ PRANKS ---- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...​... CHALLENGES ---- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...​... VLOGS --- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...​... DON'T FORGET TO SHARE !!!!!!

gI0yXaUjyuI

Alright guys, so I'm gonna make this intro and kind of like a rush kind of thing. So if you guys are new to the channel, make sure you guys hit that subscribe button. Alright, just do it, I know you want to. Right now, Janice is currently outside taking Blooper for a walk. Your boy thought of this brilliant idea. I'm gonna be pretending to be on a phone call with my mom, acting like my mom's getting evicted and that they have nowhere to go. So I'm gonna tell them that they can stay here. Now my mom's family, you know, my family, it's a pretty big family. They got my mom, my stepdad, my two sisters, my grandfather. So you got five people coming to stay in a one bedroom apartment. And this apartment isn't that big to begin with. So I'm gonna be pretending to be on a phone call talking to my mom about that stuff when Janice walks back in. I just want to see her reaction. Is she gonna be mad that my whole family's coming to stay with us and we have no room? Is she gonna be supportive about it, which I'm hoping she will? Or was she just simply not cared? So like I said guys, I'm making this intro in a rush. So if you guys are ready for today's video, make sure you guys smash that thumbs up button, comment down below to Team Isaiah all day every day. I'm about to hide the camera and let's get into it. Alright guys, camera's hitting. I got you guys being on the plants. You guys are chilling right now in the little jungle. I'm about to go sit down and pretend to get on a phone call real quick when I hear Janice in the hallway and we're just gonna catch her reaction. Again, if you guys are ready, make sure you guys smash that thumbs up button, Team Isaiah all day every day. Let's go. But ma, it's okay. I understand. I get where you're coming from. I get where you're coming from ma, but there's nothing wrong with ma. Okay, but listen. You're not listening to me. It's okay if you need help. Oh ma, I get it. 100% I get where you're coming from, but it's okay. You can just, all of y'all can stay here. It's okay. It's not an issue. It wouldn't be an issue if I'm offering it to you. It's not an issue. It's okay with me. I can just come over here. We'll figure everything out and we'll go from there. Ma, I don't care if you stay a week or a month, two months. I don't care. All of y'all can just, ma, just pack y'all bags, pack all y'all bags and then just come over here. We'll talk about it together as a family when y'all get over it, alright? Alright, I love you too. I'll see you when you get here. Bye. My mom's getting evicted. Ooh, what? Yeah, so apparently she's backed up on three months worth of mortgage. I had no idea about. Three months? Yup. How? Exactly my question. She basically told me that she didn't want to tell me because she didn't want to stress me out or anything like that. And I'm like, before you walked in, I was telling her like, you should have just told me I could have gave you three months worth of mortgage and you could have been chilling right now. We literally could have helped in any way. But my question is, she's still working. Where is her money going or whatever? So I'm like, that's why I want them to come over. Like I said, you probably heard. I told them that they all can come over here, pack their bags, they can stay here for as long as they want. You know, my stepdad, my mom, my two sisters, my grandfather, I told them that they can all stay here. It's cool. But we gotta have a family talk. We gotta figure out a situation or a resolution and figure out why this happened. Cause I'm just as confused. I don't get it. So does she like really not pay three months of mortgage? What's going on? I don't know. I don't know. Why didn't she tell us? Like we had no idea. You know my mother. You know she's not going to ask for help. You know she likes to try to be mis-independent. Yeah, I understand that. But like we could have helped, you know? I understand that. And that's what I'm saying too. But when she gets here, we're going to have a whole family discussion as to why this happened. And I just want to know the reason behind everything. Why is this going on? Why wasn't I notified? Right. Why did you wait this long? That's what I want to figure out. So come out what's going to happen. Wait, who's coming to stay here? I told her to pack all family's bags, you know, and they can come and stay here for the meantime. So it's going to be my mom, my stepdad, my grandfather, and my two sisters, five people. Okay. So I told them just pack your bags, we'll figure it out when you get here or whatever. I just want to know how this happened and why she waited three months to finally tell them. That's what I'm more worried about. Okay, well we'll get to that when that time comes. They come and talk to us or whatever. My concern is where are they going to sleep? What do you mean? They're here. What do you mean here? This is not enough room for all of them. Babe, we have a one bedroom apartment. Where are they going to sleep? That's what I'm saying. They're going to sleep here in the living room. How? Babe, we have a huge couch. Babe, this is not going to fit papa and your mom. My grandfather's a big guy. You think it's going to be comfortable sleeping all together like that? That's not going to be me. Listen, this is my solution. My grandfather's a big guy. So I'm thinking we go get an air mattress. We put it right here in the middle. He sleeps on the air mattress by himself. Okay. My mom can sleep right here. My stepdad can sleep right here. And then my sister can sleep over here. And I was thinking my little sister, the smallest one, she can sleep in the bathtub. Are you serious? I 100% guarantee you she will enjoy it. I bet you she'll be all for it. She's not sleeping in the bathtub. You know she likes being in cramped spaces. You see it when we go outside. She'd be making forts and all that. She'd be inside her little fort. The bathtub could be her fort. McKayla's the last of my worries. Like she's small. She can fit anywhere. Okay, so then do you think Seattle will fit? Seattle's tall, but she might fit in the bathtub. I'm just trying to think of a good solution and enough room for everybody. We're gonna figure it out, okay. That seems like the best thing for me. Okay. One person here, one person here. So then let me give you my ideas. No bathroom, okay? Like nobody's gonna sleep in the bathroom. That's just not okay, especially not McKayla. Okay, so let's hear what you have. Okay, so what I'm thinking is maybe your mom and Mikey could sleep on the couch. And it can be them, like what you said, like here. And then Seattle could probably sleep there. Or we can move the table, get like put it in storage or something like that. We can get like a big king size bed to put it over there for a big time. Babe, there's no need for all that. Why not? They're gonna be uncomfortable here. Babe, look, you got one person here. This is one person right here. This whole thing. That's one person. But honestly, like I'm five foot one and if I lay here, my legs dangle off. Imagine everybody else is way taller than me. Bring your legs up. Get in the feet of the position. I'm just trying to make sure that they're comfortable. Okay, well listen, you got one person here, right? That's what you said. Babe, what's the issue? What's the issue with the king bed? That's so much better. Babe, where am I gonna eat? That's my dining room table. Babe, honestly. Babe, one person here. One person here, one person there. One person in the bathroom, grandfather right here. Nobody's sleeping in the bathroom. That's not logical. Like that's not something that people do. What if she wants to move it? What if she says yes? She agrees like. It doesn't matter. Kids always want stuff that they shouldn't want. Okay, so you're gonna rip her from the happiness of sleeping in the bathtub? Babe, seriously? Seriously? No, I'm sleeping in the bathtub. All right, so then let's hear your solution. Is that what I'm saying? I already said it. I don't think that's good. I don't think that's good. Okay, first of all, right? We need to go and get groceries. Because we need to be able to eat all of them. Because we don't have enough food for all of them. We need to go and get groceries that I can figure out what to cook for the week. We'll handle that. Okay, that's first. We need to go food shopping for that. Then, like I said, we'll get a king bed. Do they have king blow-up mattresses? Yeah, I'm sure they make them, yes. Okay, so we moved the table. Maybe we can put the table in that little hallway we have right there. It doesn't matter. We put the king bed right here. Once the king bed is there, that's a big bed. So maybe, Babaka's sleeping in the king bed, or Babaka's sleeping here. We'll get another ear mattress for him right here on the floor. Where are we gonna walk? What do you mean? If I have to get up in the middle of the night and walk outside, I'm gonna step on someone's forehead. Are you even worrying about that? I'm gonna step on someone's forehead. They need a place to stay. I wanna step on my mother's forehead. They need a place to stay. Why are you so worried about a year to step on them? Because they have eyes used on them. Yeah, because you're trying to relocate them everywhere. You're trying to have them all over you. Because I want them to be comfortable. Who wants to sleep? It's just comfortable. This couch is great. One person here, one person here, one person there. The other one in the bathtub, one right here. All right, well how about this? When they get here, let's just talk about it together. I guarantee you they'll go with my idea. No, nobody wants us to. Okay, your mom's gonna sleep here. Her husband's gonna sleep here. His whole foot in her face. Who wants that? Who wants to sleep with somebody's feet in their face or somebody's breath in their face? Nobody. Bro, I don't know that she can sleep here. His head can be here. And then the sister can smell the feet. No, we're gonna figure something out. All right, so then. If you don't wanna go out, then I'll get beds for them. Because I don't want them to be uncomfortable. Okay, I get you. I'll go with you, whatever. But we'll just wait for them to come. They should be here in about like 15, 20 minutes. And then at that point, I guess that's when I can tell you that this is just a prank. Really busting your head, John, figure out. I appreciate that 100%. I love you for that. Thank you for that. But that ain't going down. Yeah, I'm trying to think of a freaking menu for the whole week for what I'm gonna cook everybody. Yo, hold on, time out. I gotta get the camera. All right, so you're gonna say team Isaiah because yo, this was a funny one. This was good. I'm not gonna say it, but you'll get a. That's what I'm talking about. Do it again, I can't. Do it again. See you guys, yeah? Now can I get a team Isaiah? No, I said you're not gonna get that. See, you're always trying to half-ass everything. No, how? Just say it. You're trying to say that your little sister got asleep in the bathtub. I bet you should like it. Probably probably. Yeah, exactly, exactly. So that is it for today's video. You got anything you wanna say? No. You know it was a good one though, right? It was. It was a good one. So with all that being said, guys, that is the end of today's video. Team Isaiah, all day, every day, I made this intro in such a rush it was crazy. When did you make the intro? When I was taking Daniel? As soon as you took him out, like a minute afterwards, I grabbed the camera. I'm like, yo, I gotta start making this intro. This is about to be a banger. I can't stand you. Team Isaiah, all day, every day. Let me see it in the comments section. Smash that thumbs up button. It is time for today's post notification shout out. Today's post notification shout out goes out to Rita Sutton. Thank you so much, girl, for all the love and support. If you guys wanna post notification shout out, all you guys gotta do is like, comment, share, and subscribe and turn your post notification bells on so you're notified whenever we post a new video. And with all that being said, go sleep in the bathtub. No.

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Xtrades Option Seminar #3 - Vertical Spreads Part 1 (Debit) w/Timehawk

Part of Xtrades Option Course Series where we teach you the A to Z on Option Strategies! Today's session is on Vertical Debit Spreads - Hosted by TimeHawk

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All right, that's the thing. Can everyone hear me? That's the thing. Can everyone hear me? I will just give me a moment here while I get set up, sorry for the delay, guys. I got logged out of our xTrace Twitch account and had to figure out some workarounds in order to get back in. So it was the last minute fiddling around with settings here. Also, I am streaming from my personal account onto xTrace using a key. I didn't even realize you could do that. But that's what I'm doing, trying to set up now and get everything back into order. So we're not gonna have chat show up on the screen or anything or any of the other fancy settings. But just give me a moment here and we'll get started in a couple of minutes. Thanks for your patience, guys. All right, I'm ready to get started. Let me check on the chat real quick here. Where's the fud at? No fud today. I think we passed the stimulus bill. I'll probably have to get passed back to the house since I think the Senate did some modifications or revisions to the bill, the stimulus bill. But it looks like it's, I'm pretty sure it's gonna pass regardless. I mean, Congress is basically Democrat run right now. They have the majority, so they should be able to pass anything with relative ease. It's just gonna be a matter of time. Who is this? WHU. You should archive, couldn't find your first one. So our first seminar was on the ER calendar spreads. So Twitch actually removes our archive after two weeks. I think that's just related to our status as a Twitch, I think we're a Twitch partner now. So we're solely making our ways up the ranks for Twitch streaming. But our videos are only archived for two weeks and I happen to only do these seminars every two weeks. So basically, if you wanna watch, you have to watch before I start broadcasting the next one. They will be, I do plan on like uploading them eventually, but I just haven't had time to edit them and modify them to upload them to YouTube. And YouTube has like a limit or a cap on the size and length as well. And the first video was three hours. So I just haven't had time to go through it and like edit it yet. I also think that another option would be that I would, I could possibly just redo the webinars. And I think that's, there's an advantage to that since it's live, you guys can ask questions during it and I can answer those as we go. And also the first seminar was a little bit of a mess as well. So I think it will get better as I quote unquote, redo it, right? So that's what I'm thinking about for that. But I will, I do plan on getting them up to YouTube. Once I get a chance to like edit and cut down those video sizes. Okay. Yes. So this is Timehawk. Normally it's 007 who's on here on the weekdays and he does the ERs after hours. So he goes over to ERs and he does chart requests. And then I do the seminars on here on the weekends. Oh, awesome. Thanks for the offer for the editing. I'll check up on that in a bit. Now actually Profit, the last seminar was also by me but I know JTW helped out a lot in the chat. So I'm going to get started here. Now that I'm all caught up with you guys in chat, I'll do my best to keep up with the chat but we do got a few folks in the chat to help out who are quite knowledgeable. So I know we got JTW here, 007 is probably here as well. And then we have our moderator team as well. So thanks to you guys, young bowl, red, black. I think there's probably a few others in here as well but let's get started with today's seminar. Today's seminar is going to be on vertical spreads. And originally I was going to do credit and debit spreads like all of it, which is what vertical spreads are. But as I was doing it, I realized that if I wanted to cover everything in detail, it was probably going to take more than two hours, right? So I'm going to talk about everything today. I'm going to talk about both credit and debit spreads but I'll be mostly be focusing on debit spreads. And then on a future session, I'll go more into detail on credit spreads but I will still go over both of them today and as well as the pros and cons of each. So yep, well, let's get started here. You just started following my alerts and I started moving into spreads. Well, hopefully, you know, these sessions can help you learn more about the spreads. Personally, I think spreads are the way to go for playing options. There's definitely advantages to playing just, you know, straight up calls and puts but spreads offer you a lot more flexibility, right? So that's the purpose of these courses to explain why we even have these advanced strategies and the advantages of them, right? There are of course times where you are going to want to just play straight up calls and puts but, you know, having the strategies basically in your arsenal is going to easily give you more profitable trades over time because you're going to be able to use different strategies depending on the market conditions, right? Okay, anyways, introduction, who am I? Timehawk, I am a top analyst with Xtrade which is our trading community. We run off of Discord right now but we do have plans for a website. The website is actually already created and it is in beta. I think quite a few of our members have access to it. We also have our own mobile app where we push out alerts and notifications on the markets, on ticker to trade, et cetera. But our website is looking real sleek right now. It's an amazing website. It is a great place to be able to share trade ideas, vote for people that you think are good and I just think that, you know, if you need anybody to talk to you about trading or learn more about trading or just to bounce ideas off of or learn the tricks of the trade, you know, come and join us at Xtrades. The link is on here. I was going to paste it into the chat but I actually don't have access to the chat since I'm streaming from my personal account right now. But I know that the bot, oh, there it is. So the bot puts it in there, so come and join us. But I've been trading for seven years and I've been with Xtrades for about four and a half to five years now. Probably even six years because I just saw that I got a change in one of my, what do you call those, roles in Discord? And it says enhanced investor OG 2015. So it's been about six years now. But I focus primarily on swing trading and I do scalp and day trade but that's only when I watch the charts. So what is this course for? We're gonna teach you everything about options from basics to advanced strategies. For today's particular lesson, you know, we're gonna be focusing on spreads which I think are, sorry, vertical spreads which I think are more of the basic, one of the more basic strategies you can use in options. But nevertheless, it is a powerful tool in order to give you better flexibility and risk management of your trading portfolio. Oh, and that Bulbasaur is my profile icon on Discord. So if you see that, that's me. Table of contents for today. I'm just gonna do a quick recap of the previous seminar which was on our income strategy series on covered calls just to recap like what I did last time and see how those plays turned out just so you can see where the pros and cons of those plays. And so that's kind of what I plan on doing with every seminar. I'll always try to use real examples of things I did that week and then I'll follow up on them on the next seminar so you can actually see what happens with those strategies, right? Of course, feel free to definitely feel free to try them out on your own and paper trade them if you don't feel comfortable with it yet. But all of these things are for your educational purposes just to enhance your trading, right? After that, we're gonna go over vertical spreads or what are they? And then we'll go over and break them down into credit and debit spreads which are the two different types of vertical spreads. And then lastly, we'll go over broker management, how your brokerage is going to manage your spreads because when you come up to expiration dates on your options or even before expiration date, when you have a spread, it means that you're selling an option, right? And if you're just buying an option, that means you're buying the right to do something, right? So for calls, you're buying the right to buy the stock or the underlying asset at the strike price that you bought, right, for that call. So for example, if you got Apple 150C for, I don't know, 319, March 19th, that means that you have the right to buy Apple at $150 per share, 100 shares of that by March 19th. Of course, you're not gonna exercise that and that's what exercising means is you're gonna use that, your right, exercise options contract to buy those shares, right? But this will never, you won't do this unless Apple is over $150, right? Because why would you pay $150 per share when Apple is at, say, $120 per share? Doesn't make sense, right? So normally when you're just buying calls or buying puts and with puts you're just buying the right to sell at the same price, right? You're not gonna exercise those calls unless they are in the money, right? But if they're out of the money, they won't be exercised. And saying that if you're on the other side of the trade, meaning if you're in a spread or your naked put selling or whatever, then that means that the person on the other end of the trade can exercise that contract if it is in the money. If it's out of the money, they're not gonna exercise it, right? But if they're in the money, they will exercise it, especially when it's closer to expiration and that's what we call assignments. So then you have the obligation to deliver 100 shares or times however many contracts you have of the asset at the price for that strike. So for example, if I instead sold Apple 120C 319 and on March 19th, Apple was at $125 and let's say that I don't have any shares, right? I don't own any shares of Apple. That means I am going to be eating a $500 loss, right? Because I have to buy Apple at 125 and then I have to sell it to the person who exercised those strikes at 120. So that's what assignment is. There is that risk when you sell options. What spreads that risk is minimized, but I'll go more over that in detail at the very end after we cover all the other details of this risk today. And then finally at the very, very end, after we go over all the material for today, I will have a question and answer session. I can take some chart requests or talk about anything you guys want to learn about. So I left some of the definitions in here. This is just from the previous lessons, just so you don't have a basic understanding of options. I'm gonna assume that you have some basic understanding of options already. If you don't, these are here for you too, so you can review again. And I think the previous seminar video has already expired, but I do plan on having those uploaded at some point as I mentioned. So I'm just gonna quickly skip through these if you need to read them or want to know more about them, you can recheck the video again later. So a recap of the previous seminar. So last time again, we talked about income strategies. And so this is where we are selling or writing options at. So for income strategies, the main benefit is data. Data is on your side and data is time. But normally when you own options contracts, data eats into your profits because as time passes on, the probability of your contract going in the money decreases or having the contract go more in the money if it's already in the money. And so because of that, the probability of gains decreases, right? And that's why data is eating away at your profits because every single day, you will lose the amount of data from the premium of your contract. And actually data is throughout the day, it will constantly decrease throughout the day or it will eat your premium throughout the day. But data is the value that you would expect it to drop on a one day basis. So that's what that variable is, right? So for income strategies, it's different because data is actually on your side because you're selling the contract. So we want time to burn away those contracts until it expires worthless. So we hit max profits, right? So the examples of those income strategies that we mentioned last time were covered calls, cash secured puts, credit spreads and calendar spreads. We already talked about two of these now. We just need to talk about cash secured puts and credit spreads, which we will briefly go over credit spreads today. So last time we talked about covered calls. So for covered calls, it's a relatively safe play because you own 100 shares and then you're selling, or you own multiples of 100 shares and you're selling those contracts. So regardless of how the things turn out, you know, you're at worst, if someone exercises those call contracts, you'll just lose your shares, but you're selling it at a higher price than what it was when you originally opened up your covered calls. So you're just limiting your profits, but you're minimizing your downside risk because now you have that extra premium to cover downside because you're selling those contracts. And I'll just go over the actual example I used last time. These are just some slides on data, basically data decay increases, the closer you get to expiration, right? So we talked about this last time, so I'm gonna skip over these slides again, but they are here for you to reference. So the actual example I used last time was Ebon, so that was, or E-B-O-N, it's a crypto related ticker. And actually before I get into this, I'm gonna check with the chat real quick to see if there's anything new. All right, so I see somebody was asking about, well, this covered Greeks. So I'm not gonna be covering Greeks in depth, but I will like kind of quickly, like briefly try to explain what it is as I go through the lesson. I did talk about Greeks more in my first session. But you know, if you still have questions about Greeks at the very end, you can ask me in the Q&A session, or I'm sure some of the folks in chat can help you out too. It's buffering a lot. I am streaming from a very potato laptop. So if it's, I don't know if it's lagging or something, it might be that, but chances are it's probably more just from streaming in general. But yeah, I am on a potato laptop, so there's not really much I can do on my end. It's not like I have that much open. But hopefully that, you know, that resolves for you and doesn't buffer as much later. So, okay, going to the example here, Ebon. So this was a crypto related ticker. And this lesson was on cover calls was two weeks ago. So, you know, during that time, there was a lot of hype on crypto, right? BTC was hitting new highs, Bitcoin went up to like 58,000, right? So now I think it's sitting at about 48,000 last time I saw this morning, right? So it's scaled back quite a bit. And actually, you might notice that crypto and the regular stock markets have a high correlation. It didn't used to be that way, but now I notice that they pretty much follow each other. Anyways, Ebon is in that crypto business. They're a little bit of a not proven company. So it's really a hype ticker and just full disclosure. Anything I mentioned in this seminar is, you know, for educational purposes, only not really a buy and sell recommendation. I will share what I'm doing, but it's just what I think and, you know, do your own research, right? I took this play because I was betting on the crypto hype and not so much on the actual fundamentals of the company. Like, you know, if the things happened that they are announcing workout, it could make turn out a profit, right? But chances are this is just a big hype, hype kind of ticker, right? And so I was just trying to play that. And at that time I decided, you know, it was worth risking a little bit. So I took 200 shares of it. And the price of that was, as you see here, $2,337 in this top, top box right here, right? So this was from two or two and a half weeks ago. That's when I took this play. So, and then I sold the March 19th, 15 calls, right? So this is what it means by covered call. It's covered because I own shares. And I sold these calls, which means I have to deliver these shares if it hits this strike and someone exercises it, right? So it cost me $2,300 to own these 200 shares. And I sold the $15 calls strike and I gained about $750 for it, right? Because I sold these 15 C of March 19th at $375 each, approximately. So I reduced my total cost of the play to $1,589, right? So at that time, when I did the lesson, I was green on this trade by about $266. So it was great at the time, right? Cause at that time crypto was still going up. So with the market downtrading, this play has turned quite red, but this covered call position helped to reduce my loss in the play overall. So if I had just owned instead, if I had been bullish and aggressive and I had just owned this 15 call strike, these 15 call strikes are pretty much worthless now, right? Cause right now Ebon is trading at about $5 to $6. I think, let's see, what does it say here? Okay, so it's trading at 540. So I took the screenshot this morning and I have these 200 shares and now they are worth 540. So the total value of the play is $1,222, right? So you see, I actually bought back these calls already cause they were pretty much worthless. I think I bought them back for like maybe like $50 each or something like that. I already collected about $600, $700 of profit here on this. So if I hadn't done this and covered calls and I had instead owned calls or if I had just owned shares, I would be a lot more red right now. I would be down $1,100, but instead cause I collected this premium and I covered it at about $100. I'm actually only down about maybe $300 to $400 instead of $1,100. So obviously the trade is still down, not a great play, right? But the thing is it shares, if crypto pops up, I still have a chance to make profit and I don't have a time limit on that, right? But it was a risky trade. It didn't turn out the best, but because I had covered call position, my cost of the play is significantly reduced and I didn't eat as much of a loss. So far, if the stock goes back up, then I'll be fine. And I would have reduced the cost of my play. This would have been peer profit, right? Because I sold these and I bottomed back for less. So that's the advantage of covered calls. And the reason, you might be wondering like why did we even go over covered calls two weeks ago? I don't know if you've noticed but in the past two weeks or so, especially this past week, the markets have been moving down a lot. We had a pullback, right? And Nasdaq actually had a correction. It was over a 10% drop on Nasdaq. S&P 500, less. It was closer to like five or 6%, I think. So that's more of a pullback, right? But the reason why we went over these last time, these cover calls is because they can help reduce your potential loss. We went over them last time because they give you additional downside protection. And in the event the stock goes up, you're saying that I am going to sell whatever stock you own, I'm gonna sell it at this strike price, which is still above, right? Above what it is currently at. When you take those covered calls, you're gonna be selling out of the money's call strikes. So you're collecting this premium, right? In this case, it was $750 for me. If it goes up to this price, I have to sell at $15. But at that time, Ebon was $12, right? I still would have profited an additional 280-ish per share. And I collected this premium of $750. So in reality, it would be like me selling it at, sorry, I forgot to divide this by two, but it would be like I sold Ebon at $18 if this went into the money. But if it didn't go to money, this acts as protection. So I got more downside protection. And that's why we went over covered calls last time because you have to be able to adapt to the situation in the market, be able to cover yourself essentially, protect your profits, and still have the ability to earn in case of upside. So cover calls, excellent strategy to use, better to use when it is in a neutral bullish situation. So in reality, we still want this to trend ideal situation is the calls expire worthless at $15, exact on March 19th, because that means our shares went up by $2 or something and the calls expire at $0, and then we would collect that extra premium, right? And then we would just get, sell another strike, another further strike out, say April 16th calls for 18C or something like that, right? But this is the point of cover calls, you just keep collecting that profit and then you protect yourself from additional downside, best to use it when we are in a neutral, slightly bullish situation. But if we end up in some downside, it offers a little bit of protection as well. So I was protected on this up to about $7. We obviously went below that, so that's why this play is no longer profitable. But yeah, it did provide me with that extra additional protection and I highly encourage you guys to take a look more at cover calls in the future if you guys need to. But hopefully everyone survived this past week and are doing fine. I do think that this bull market isn't over, it's just a lot of flood right now about yields and everything like that. But at the same time, be careful about buying every bounce because markets did bounce back up yesterday and we did pass the stimulus bill, but I believe that we already kind of knew that the stimulus bill was going to be passed. Like it's nothing new. Like we've been moving up on stimulus news this whole time, right? So that's why I think that, it's best to play safe right now, more scalping, more safe place. If you're gonna take place, do spreads or something like that, right? And that's what we're gonna talk about today. So what are vertical spreads getting into the actual meat of today's lesson? I think I spent a little bit too much time covering calls, but hopefully that was explained why I would be talked about that last time. And so there's always a reason why we're talking about what we talk about. So vertical spreads is when you buy and sell two different strikes on the same expiration date. I'll go over some examples later, but they can be either calls or puts. And the two main types of vertical spreads are gonna be your debit and your credit spreads. And then due to time constraints, I think I mentioned this earlier, but we're primarily gonna be focusing on debit spreads today. And then we'll touch lightly on credit spreads, but we'll go over credit spreads in more detail in a future session. I'll still talk about them today, just that we won't be like going over examples and how to find them and what the best ideal situations to use them are. I think I'll jump with chat here real quick. Okay, so just to add on to, I see there's some questions about buying back or discussion about buying back and whatnot. I could have expired worthless, but what I did was I actually rolled it. So I bought it back at $100, about $100, so about $50 each. And then I actually sold a closer strike, right? So I was still feeling really, really bearish. And I was like, there's not that much value left in these 15 strikes. So I actually went and sold a closer dated, closer strike on the play. And that's why I actually closed that out. So in reality, in normal situation, most of the time your policy is gonna let it go all the way to expiration and expire worthless because you collect a full premium on that. But for me, I decided to roll it closer to a closer strike and a closer expiration date because I felt like the premium on the 15C was basically already almost max profit, right? So that's what I did on that. But you have to assess the situation and constantly see what the market conditions are to determine what the best plan for this trade is. Like another reason to possibly close out the credit spread, if it's almost worthless, for example, like say it lost 90% of its value already since you opened it. Say you expected the underlying asset to bounce up again, that it's hit support already and that the premium is probably already at the lowest, then that would be another time where you could consider doing that, right? Because basically you're going long on the stock again by selling like full long, by selling or not selling, buying back those contracts. But it's just something that you have to assess on a stock to stock basis. So on the high IV stuff, you know, it's versus like a safe cover call would be selling calls on a slow mover because you just collect that premium, right? And that's a real income strategy. And then the other strategy is the selling the high IVs, which of course with you have a high IV that means the stock is very volatile, it might be in a parabolic motion. So that means it has a chance to drop quickly as well. And that's what happened with EBON, right? So there's two different play styles. It's really up to the individual to decide which style they want to go for in place, right? So there's usually no real right or wrong in option strategies. It's just a matter of your risk tolerance, your risk profile, and what you think is the current play going in. Yes, so horizontal spreads are calendar spreads. And we went over that in the first seminar, but there are definitely a lot of other types of spreads, right? But I'm only specifically going to be going over vertical spreads today. And for vertical spreads, there's going to be debit and credit spreads. Eventually the plan is over time, we're going to go over pretty much every single option strategy there is out there. I'm not sure how long that will take, but that's the plan. Okay, so next, going over debit spreads. So debit spreads are directional option plays, right? So for these, you are going to be buying a closer strike, and then you're going to be selling a further strike on the same expiration date. And closer and further are relative to what the current price is, right? But the thing is that why it's called debit spread is because there's a net capital outlay, meaning that you're paying for the play. So there's a debit to your account because you're paying for it. The direction whether it's up or down, bull or bear, right? Depends on whether you're getting calls or puts. So if you're in a call debit spread, that means you're bullish. If you're in a put debit spread, that means you're bearish. And you can essentially think of them as a cheaper, less risky, and generally higher probably play than just having straight up calls or straight up puts. And we'll go over a little bit more in detail in a few slides later. But the primary advantages of a debit spread is again, it's cheaper to play because you're offsetting the cost of the play by selling a further out of the money option. So by selling that further out of the money option, you're collecting that credit, right? So then that means your total cost of the play is less. So generally speaking, there's less risk because you're putting less money into the market. But the disadvantage of that is that you're limiting profit, right? So your max profit is gonna be the difference between the call that you bought and the call that you sold. So once you hit a certain point, you're not gonna be able to generate any additional profit from that play. You're gonna be at max profit. And there's also the disadvantage of getting assigned on the play, meaning that you get closed out of your play early. But usually when that happens, it means that you're a max profit already, so it doesn't matter that much. But there's a chance of getting assigned. And then what are credit spreads? So credit spreads are also, again, directional option plays, right? So you're gonna to, yep, this is right, buy the further strike and you're gonna sell the closer strike on the same expiration dates. And this is where you're gonna have a net capital inflow or in other words, credit. So by buying the further strike, the further strike is always gonna be cheaper than the closer strike to the current price action, right? So that's gonna be cheaper. And then you're gonna sell the closer strike and that's closer strike is gonna be worth more because there's a higher chance for it to go in the money or if it's already in the money, then there's a higher chance for it to continue to be more deep in the money, right? So because of that, you're gonna have a net inflow of capital, so it's credit. So you're gonna pick up that premium money and basically it's the opposite of a debit spread, right? You're just playing the exact same thing except you're on the opposite end now. So the direction is the same thing based on whether it's a call or a put, but it's flipped in regards to a debit spread and this is a income-based strategy because data actually works to your advantage if your spread is near or in the money. And so over time, you will see that the value of the spread decreases, meaning that the cost for you to buy back the credit or essentially is buying back a debit spread, right? This is reverse, will be cheaper. So as time passes, the value of the spread decreases as long as it's out of the money, right? And then you'll collect that full premium or you have to pay back less depending on what happens. So this is just a table of all those spreads explaining each of the different ones just and when you would use them or when I would use them. So I split them between calls and puts. So first off, we have our bull called debit spreads. So for this, it's again, it's basically like owning just calls, right? Except that you're limiting your risk. So you use this when you're bullish on an asset but want to limit the capital out late. So you want to limit the cost of it as well as the risk of the play. So you use this mostly when you are quote, moderately bullish, right? Because if you're very bullish, so there's a lot of momentum in a particular asset and it's going up really fast, then usually you don't probably don't want to use a spread as much instead you can just get calls, right? Because if it's moving up really quickly, you can capture the most benefit from just straight up calls. But if you're just moderately bullish, like maybe there's gonna be some pullback or it's gonna climb up but it's gonna be a little bit slower and maybe take some time to do it, then a spread is to your advantage because it costs less and you have the option that you sold to offset any downside risk of data burning into your contracts. So the pros of it, again, cheap, well-defined risk, cons, limit profit, right? Compared to just straight up calls, data works against you still, but it's not as bad as just a straight up call and then you can get assigned. If someone executes or exercises the call that you sold, but again, this generally isn't a big deal because that means that your other play or the leg that you did buy is in the money, so you are agreeing on the play regardless. Now we're gonna talk about bear call credit spreads, right? So a call credit spread by its nature is bearish. I just put ball bear, I like put the full name of these spreads in here even though you won't see people normally call them like that, so everybody's clear on what they're called. But use these in high volatility situations when you are a neutral bearish. And so the reason why you use them in high volatility situations is because when the IV is high, that means the premium is high. And so there are actually some situations where you can get ridiculous prices or premiums on those credit spreads you're selling. I remember in back in January when GME was running up real crazy, there were some credit spreads that you could take where you would be able to get like 90% of the full width of that play. Like so for example, like if it was GME 100 to 110 C and you sold the 100 and you bought the 110, the max loss of that play is gonna be $10, because that's the width of your spread. And because of the high volatility situation, all the premiums were very high and very close together. And because the spread was so wide, if you got lucky, you could get filled for say like, just for example, $9 out of 10. So you'd get $900 to take on a risk of paying out 10. So that means your max loss was $100. And if GME closed below 109, you would be at anything else was extra. But yeah, in those high volatility situations, sometimes you can get really, really good deals essentially on selling these spreads, which is a credit spread. So the pros again for these strategies is the income strat. So data is on your side as usually your higher value call which you are selling is gonna decrease in value faster than the call that you bought. And so that means that you're going to profit off of that data difference, right? And generally there's a higher probability of success for credit spreads. And the cons to it is that usually there's a small credit or a profit and you can also get a signed on it. So usually for credit spreads, it's unusual to see those situations where you can get profit on something that is reasonable to play like a reasonable price target because you can always adjust your strikes until you find something that gives you a lot of credit, right? But then it's maybe it's not as likely to play out or something like that, right? So compared to debit spreads, usually for credit spreads, it has a higher probability of success, but usually the gains relative is smaller. But it all balances out in the end, right? Debit and credit spreads are just two sides of the same coin. Really the most important thing is when you take these plays is you're assessing the chart, you're seeing where supporting resistance are and that's why you take the play. And both of them are great strategies to use. So moving on to bear put debit spread. So this is the same thing as like a bull call debit spread except that you're betting on downside. So you use it when bearish on an asset, but again, want to limit capital outlay or risk. Not going to go over the pros and cons because it's basically the same as a call debit spread. And then we have our bull put credit spreads. Why is it bullish? Because we're collecting premium value and we're hoping that the stock goes up, right? So we use it when we are neutral bullish on a stock in high volatility situations because we think that the stock is going to go up. So we're going to collect the full premium of the spread and we won't have to pay out on the spread, right? But same thing as the bear call credit spread except again, it's bullish, right? Because we're selling net selling on puts. So hopefully that wasn't too confusing. You might not have explained it that well. If you guys have questions, you have definitely feel free to ask. So yeah, on the assignment for the spreads because you own the other leg, you should never really matter. Like you can still get assigned on the spread, right? But the thing is your other leg offsets it so it doesn't matter. But it's still called an assignment and you can still get assigned on it. In the situation where you get assigned on the spread, I'll go over more over this later. I actually went and asked Robinhood support because I know most people are using Robinhood, what they do, and we'll go over that later. I have some slides on that. So we'll talk about that later. But yeah, basically what JTW is saying is correct. Usually it's not something you have to worry about. And even if it does happen, it's in the money, it doesn't matter. So how to play the best spreads. So you're going to buy the closer strike and sell the first strike. And then when to use it, anytime you will want to get a call or put on a play. So again, those just straight up calls or puts, but you want to limit the cost or the risk and also when the asset is not in a momentum move. Because if it is moving up real quick, real fast, you usually have some momentum play and you're just going to want to play a call or a put and you don't need to use a spread. And the other time you would use it is when you need to manage a portfolio with appropriate sizing and risk management in general. So say for example, you want to play Amazon calls and they cost, I don't know, $29 or something for something that's $100 out of the money in a week. That's probably not too unusual for Amazon because Amazon's expensive to play. So that's going to cost you like $2,900 for one contract. Now not everybody can play that, right? Or even if you can't, maybe you don't want to spend that much money on a play. And it just goes back into portfolio risk management, right? Like if your account size is say only $10,000, do you really want to put $3,000 or about one third of your portfolio into one play? Like sure you can do that if you want to, but I wouldn't recommend it because it's not very good. Sizing for your portfolio. So in these kinds of scenarios, that's where you would use a spread because by using a spread, you can reduce the capital of that play and allow you to size in more appropriately so you can play different stocks and different ticker so that you're not basically all in on one play. And if that goes down, you're out of the game. We want to reduce the chance of that happening. And so with these debit spreads, you reduce that cost of the play and you can still benefit from that upside. So for example, if anybody in, for example, if you're following someone in X trades and they play something really expensive and you can't follow them or you can follow them, but it's something that outsizes, your standard portfolio position size. For myself, I recommend, no more than 10% of your portfolio should be in one play. And this really depends on your portfolio size, right? Like really it should be less than that, but I know some folks probably don't have large portfolio sizes, so you can give it a little bit more leeway right there. But in those events, you can actually consider taking a debit spread instead of just taking whatever their play was. So in order to decide what strike you're selling though, you're gonna have to take a look at the chart and identify where support or resistance is depending on which side you're playing. If you're playing calls, you're gonna want to sell the strike that is at a strong resistance. So maybe not at price target one, but at price target two, you're gonna sell that strike. Cause when that hits that, maybe it rejects, right? And at that point, that's where you can maximize your debit spread, the advantages of a debit spread. Okay, so the Greeks mostly the similar with just regular calls or puts, right? So if it's calls that you're playing for a debit spread, it's gonna be positive delta and then for puts it's gonna be negative, right? And so the general guideline on spreads, so when you're gonna play these, you're gonna have a net delta, right? The general guideline for these, most commonly recommended is dirty delta. Again, these are just general guidelines. You're just gonna have the assesses based on your own play style, right? But most quote unquote professionals are gonna be recommending around this dirty delta, which is like a golden number to them. And I think that's perfectly fine if you need to use those general guidelines. But once you have a good grasp on trading, the market charting, then you can really just base these positions off of where you identify support or resistance. And I'll probably go through a chart later to explain in detail like how I picked my place when I go over actual place I did take. And then data is negative as mentioned earlier and when to close. If it's in the money already before expiration, usually I just close it at 90 to 95% of profit. In reality, if you wait all the way up to expiration, you can get 100% of max profit, right? But you really rarely ever hit max theoretical profits. And you also run the risk of, say, the stock turning back down on you and then you're losing the max profit, right? You're not gonna hit the max profit. If it's really, really deep in the money, I mean, sure you could just wait, right? And then you let the spread exercise and all that. But usually for myself, if it's before the expiration dates and it's already in the money and it's around 90 to 95% of the profit, I just close it out because usually that means that I can just roll out that money into a different play to capture additional gains. Because at 90 to 95% profit, you're waiting and you have that risk of additional downside to your play for what? Just an additional 5 to 10% it's usually not worth it to me. But again, this is something that you have to decide on your own. Otherwise, if it's not in the money, then usually I close it when I see the trade is basically reversing. So it basically has hit a support or a resistance area and the trade is reversing, then I'm gonna close that spread. That's the same thing that you would do for regular, excuse me, regular calls or puts, right? The only difference between a regular call and put is here that I would close if it's in the money, if it's 90 to 95% in profit already. Because we have a defined max profit as well as a defined risk. So usually, again, use these when you're moderately bullish or bearish on the stock. If you are very bullish or bearish on the stock, that's when you just use calls or puts. So debit spreads, some definitions here. So spread width or strike differential. So that's the difference between the strike that you're buying and the strike that you're selling. So this is gonna be the max theoretical value of the play and your debit spread cost. So the cost it takes for you to open the play is gonna be your max loss of the play, right? You can't lose more than what you're putting into the play. That's how that works. So a bullish example here. Gas, oil has been bullish lately, XOM, CVX, USO, all of them have been very bullish. Commodities in general have been great, except for like gold. Even if you look at soybeans, that has been going up for the past, since March, basically last year, right? So anyways, that's why I have this example here. Let's say that you buy to open XOM 60C and you sell to open XOM 65C. So your max value of that play is gonna be 65 because that's the call that you sold and then versus the call that you bought, which was 60. So the difference between that is $5. So that means the max value of that spread is $500. So your max profit is going to be 500 minus the cost of the debit spread, which is whatever you paid for that 60C minus that 65C, right? So just say for example, I don't know what the actual prices are right now, but say for example, the 60C is for March 19th is $1.70. And say that the 65C is, I don't know, 80 cents or something. That means that my net cost is gonna be 90 cents. So your max profit is gonna be $410 and your max loss is gonna be $90, right? So that's a really, really good ratio, right? For something that is highly probable. Of course, I don't know if those are the actual numbers, but for example, and a bare example here, this was a play that I actually took. So if you buy to open Tesla 600P and then I put an at sign here, but it's actually specifically an sign, sell to open a Tesla 580P. So the max value of this play or the spread is gonna be 600 minus 580 or $20. So that's the difference between it, right? So that means if Tesla closes below 580, and I should have mentioned this earlier with XOM, that max profit is achieved when XOM is over 65 before, or buy at expiration, right? So for the Tesla example, if Tesla is below 580P at say 319, if that's the date I picked for my spread, then this is gonna be at max value, which is $20, and my max profit is gonna be $2,000. So same thing, it's just minus whatever the cost of that debit spread is for your max profit, your actual max profit, and your max loss is whatever you paid out for that play. And so you might be wondering, why would I take a spread instead of just say taking up, instead of saying, for example, in Tesla here, why would I sell the open to 580P when I could just hold the 600P long, right? Like what's the advantage of that? The real advantage here is because of, again, risk. So it costs less to play as well. And also if Tesla closes at exactly 580, at expiration, this play will be worth more, right? Because the 580, actually if it closes at 580P, so it'll be worth, your 600P will be worth $20, or $2,000, right? If Tesla closes at 580 at expiration. But you have reduced the cost of that play by selling to open to 580P. So say that it costs $10 to get that 600P now, but you sold the 580P at $5, right? So it costs you $5 for the play instead of $10. So the difference is gonna be in that profit, it's gonna be 20 minus 10, which is $10, versus 20 minus five, which is $15. So basically in a situation where you are only moderately bearish, or you expect that the stock isn't gonna go all the way down, you're always gonna find for bears, for a bear debit spread, or like a, was it a put debit spread, you're always gonna pick your sell to open at a support point that you don't think Tesla has a strong chance of passing, but maybe it'll pass it, right? So that's really the difference there, but also because you're reducing the cost of the play, say an example, it's $10 for 600P and $5 for the 580P, instead of owning just one 600P, you could instead own two, right? 600 to 580Ps, because that will cost you a total of $1,000 for that spread. And if Tesla closes it at exactly 580P, for example, then your play is gonna be total, the value of the spreads are gonna be worth $4,000, minus $1,000, so you're gonna have in that game $3,000 versus if you had just bought, say, 600P for $10, and you didn't sell the open to 580P, that would be $10, and the max value of that spreads, sorry, if it's a 580P, your 600P is gonna be worth $20, so that'll be 20 minus 10, so you only make $1,000, right? So the advantage here is that you can scale in more because it's cheaper, and the disadvantage is that if Tesla closes well below 580P, for example, at $500, or something, then in that situation, that's where your spread will lose out. But if you identify a good support, then this is where you would use that debit spread. Let's go into an actual example, so it's a little bit more clear. So this is the options chain on Tasty Works. This is an example of a Tesla vertical bear spread, or in other words, a bear put debit spread. And here I have picked the 600 and 580P. I probably should have just gone in here in the first place because there are actual numbers. But here you see that the net debit is about $8.75, right? See the limit price here. So this is taking the average between the bid and ask for both of these. So let's see here. Again, I don't think I'm gonna actually go over this again because it's the same thing, but basically your max value of this spread is $2,000 at expiration, right? So you're paying $8.75 for the potential to get back $2,000. So your max profit would be $11.25 or $1,125 if Tesla closes at or below 580 at expiration on March 19th, 2021, which is the expiration of these contracts. Now, look at how expensive these contracts are. A 600P right now costs about $42-ish, right? Like what if Tesla only goes down to 580 by 319 for some reason, right? Or it bounces back up, whatever, something like that happens. Then that means you're paying, you wouldn't even make any money on the plate because you'd be paying $4,200 and your 600P would only be worth $2,000 if Tesla is at 580. So that means you would lose $2,000, $2,200. So when you see these situations where something is really, really volatile, so Tesla has been moving a lot down a lot this past week. And so right now these premiums are probably a little bit shot up compared to normal. I mean, Tesla premiums are usually pretty high regardless, right? But this is where you would use a spread because it makes you a lot cheaper to play. $875 versus $4,200, right? $875 versus $4,200. If you're a super bearish on Tesla, then maybe you could consider a naked put, right? Or not a naked put, just a regular put, right? But chances are, probability are that a spread is usually gonna pay out better than just taking a regular call or put unless you are super bearish on it. So yeah, I mean, you can take it. And if Tesla, you know, tanks do 500 on Monday or something like that, you will probably make a money, a lot of money on that, and you can just sell it, right? You wouldn't wait till expiration. But if you're waiting for a longer term play, like a couple of week play, or you wanna swing something, I think spreads usually are a lot better. If you're just playing a momentum type play again, naked calls or non-naked calls, just straight up calls and puts are better. All right, so actual example from this week. So, you know, if you're a part of the x-traits, you've probably seen me talk about Tesla for like two or three days now. I've basically been rolling different puts on Tesla this whole time, but here's an example that I took on my Robinhood Challenge account. So I took, it says zero now, because I closed this out. So I got this spread for $1,025, and I sold it at $2,850 yesterday, right? So I profited $1,825 on this play, which is more than double, right? It's like 170, 180% win. If you look at how expensive these contracts are, my challenge account cannot afford these puts. At least not without over-sizing in the position, right? So that's another reason why I took these spreads, but what I did was I bought the 695p, and I sold the 665p. So my max profit here was $3,000, and that's why when, on Friday, when I had the opportunity to, I just closed it out at $2,850, because that's over 90%. In fact, I think this is exactly 95%. 950 times three is $2,700 plus 150, yeah, $2,850. So I closed it at exactly 95%. So I followed my rules here, I closed it out. In reality, Tesla did end up, I think it was below 600. So in reality, this could have been worth $3,000, right? So I missed out on the additional quote, unquote, 150, but at 90 to 95%, I consider that a good trade, and I am willing to close it out with the possibility that Tesla could bounce, because midday, I think on Tesla, early to midday on Tesla, and the rest of the market as well, they all drop real low in the morning, and they all start bouncing. So I just closed out the play, didn't wanna worry about it, I was already 90 to 95% max profit, there wasn't any reason for me to risk, possibility of it losing value for an additional $150, right? Like it's already a really, really good play. So I just took profits on that. So let's look at the actual charts to see why I did, why I did. Give me one second here, I'm gonna pull up my browser, and I will check out the chat. Yes, so for spreads, I always close them out at the same time. I see that JTW and 007 have been pretty much covering the chat here, so thank you for all the help. So let's get Tesla here on the charts to see why they, why I did, right? So you've probably all seen this chart already, I'm kind of bearish on Tesla, right? I think it's overpriced and overvalued, but I recognize also that it's bounced off of this trend line here, exact on the dot. This trend line when Tesla was consolidating before the S&P 500 inclusion news, right? So this consolidation triangle is right before the S&P 500 inclusion news, which caused this gap up from 413 to 433, and then since then it just kept going up and then it actually got added on December 21st somewhere over here, and the rest is history, right? And now I consider it extremely overvalued, and so it's starting to go down, and I think that it needs to fill this gap, but I mean, I don't know if that's gonna happen or not, but one interesting thing here is that it bounced perfectly, as you can see this huge wick right here, let's change to the four hours, I don't have that trend line on my four hour chart for some reason, but anyways, you can see that red wick here on Tesla right here, and it bounced perfectly off this trend line. So, and then printed a hammer, right? So I'm not really convinced that Tesla has done dropping yet, but at the same time, it did hit a major support level and bounce off of it, and I closed out those spreads for this past week. But looking closely, so 15 minute chart here. So I opened these plays on, I think I opened them on the second, March 2nd, and I closed them out on the fourth. Let me take a look at the PowerPoint again. Yep, so second and the fourth, right? Today is the sixth, so that means I closed them out on Thursday, I didn't even close them out on Friday. So that's the real reason why I closed them out. So I closed them out on Thursday because I thought Friday, there was no point in holding for one extra day for that potential risk of, I don't know, say it bounces up or something, right? I think I was seeing that it was holding the support here around $600 on Thursday. So I thought maybe it might bounce the next day. And so I just closed out that spread for 90, 95% profit on Thursday instead of waiting an extra day for that extra $150 max profit on the potential that maybe just bounces up. So that's why I actually closed that play. So I opened Tesla, that Tesla spread on March 2nd. So here, I had this descending trend line going from a bit back. You can see that it kind of breaks up and over it and that mostly acts pretty solidly as resistance. And I think the reason why you can see this over, over this trend line is mostly during the pre-market after-hour times, which is this blue and yellow area. Blue is the after hours and yellow is the pre-market hours. So really, if we ignore all the extended hour information, in reality, Tesla has been following this trendline down this whole time. And so on March 2nd, I was, I was tired of having seen red on my portfolios, right? I was like, I need to short something. And I was like, you know, Tesla, I think it's overvalued, it looks weak. It's been downtrend for, how long has Tesla been in a downtrend actually? It's been in a downtrend for a whole month actually, right? Since February 4th. So in reality, we could have been shorting this for like a whole month already. And if somebody did that, man, that was, that's massive profits right there. But anyways, I was like, I was tired of seeing red on my portfolios, so I wanted to take some puts. And I mentioned last week to 007 that I was feeling bearish on Tesla and I wanted to short it again. I didn't short it at that time, but I should have. Instead, I shorted Neo, which also worked out great because you know, the EV sector in general. But anyways, I took that here because I saw that I was rejecting this trendline again. And I'm found the levels for Tesla. So I was looking at this, I'm gonna get rid of this extended data information. It's kind of in the way. So my identified levels here, so you can see now that it's more perfectly following this trendline down, right? So the first thing I did was I identified the support and resistance after I identified this trendline. So I know Tesla's in a trendline and that's why I wanted to play puts. Then I identified the support and resistance. So I saw this gap here in February 22nd. So I marked these two areas, the potential support and resistance areas, right? So that support gap is at 676 and this gap top is about 706 or 710. And so I was looking at this and I actually took 710 puts as well, 710 to 700 puts. But I was looking at this and I also saw that there was a pivot point right here at 660. And so that's why I picked what I did is because I was like, there's a possibility we go all the way back down here to 620 or so, which is where this initial gap down move went to. But we also bounced off, this is a major bounce off point, right? Around 660. And I was pretty confident that this gap top was now resistance because we had a resistance here on the spike here. And then we also hit this descending trendline and we met with this gap filled top here and it looked bearish. So I was like, okay, I am just gonna take puts and I picked 695 puts because at the time I took the play, Tesla was already at I think $700 or so. And I took 695 instead of taking 700, which is what I would more normally do because I prefer picking something like at the money for my leg one on my spreads. This is just my personal risk preference, right? I like doing that on Tesla and on spreads in general on highly volatile stocks because I feel more comfortable playing that way. Like I'm more comfortable feeling that, this is gonna hold versus not, right? So that is gonna be below 700. And so I picked 695 instead of 700, which is what I really wanted to play with 700. But I picked 695 because my account or my challenge account did not have enough extra funds in order to enter the play. So I did 695 and I sold 665 because I knew that 660 was a potential pivot point from before. So I did 665, which was a little bit higher than 660 because I didn't feel like the potential was fully there. Like I thought maybe I might just go up to 675, which was this gap I'm over here and I might hold this as support because it kind of did that over here too, right? So I took this play and it actually bounced off over that here as well on March 3rd. So on March 3rd, I was kind of like, man, maybe this bear play isn't gonna work out as well as I thought. I was still in profits obviously because we moved like $20 down from where I entered a position, but I saw this starting to bounce up over here off of this gap bottom. And so that's why I picked 665 because it was near or in between my price target areas that I felt like Tesla had a good chance of bouncing at. And so that's why I took that play and the rest is history once it broke under this pivot point, I was like, it's definitely going to 620. So my targets were 660 to 620 and I mentioned that in the options watch list. I also played this by taking March 19th put spreads, but for the purposes of the play that expired this week, at this point, once it broke down 660, basically that play was already almost max profit. If you had waited until expiration, as long as this would be low 665, that play would have been worth $3,000. But I just took profits on March 4th instead of waiting an extra day because I felt that maybe it might bounce from this 6200 level in a strong Friday reversal. And we did see a reversal on Friday, but it wasn't until after it had dropped even more. If you look at the regular markets, this is my crypto watch list, and you go back to my stock watch list here. If you look at the regular markets, you will see that both the S&P 500 as well as Nasdaq close green on the day. So I mean, they all had this drop, both the S&P 500 as well as Nasdaq close green on the day. That's what I thought was gonna happen with Tesla as well as that I was gonna close higher. But Tesla actually closed red, like down 3% versus the rest of the market, which is most of the market is closing green on the day. So experience the same trend, but it was definitely more bearish. And this is why I am still holding put spreads on Tesla for March 19th because it looks so much weaker compared to the rest of the market. And full disclosure, I do have ARC calls as well. I haven't been posting much about it because those plays are practically dead. But basically this Tesla put spread is my hedge against my ARC holdings. So that's what I'm doing here because ARC holds a ridiculous amount of Tesla. 9.99% the last time I checked. It used to be over 10% actually, but because Tesla dropped so much in value, it's only 9.99% right now. Which is their largest holding. So that's why I'm shorting Tesla because it looks weak compared to the rest of the market. It is considered, I consider overvalued my opinion, right? But yeah, that's why I did and how I picked it. Now, looking further, if I were to play another put spread on Tesla, I would be looking for it to reject from this level right here about 6.05 to 6.10, right? We have a pivot point right here. We see it balanced over here before off this level. And remember support and resistance signs are always more like zones, right? It's not exact, right? You have to have some leeway. So that's what we're looking at here is a rejection of 6.10 for further downside. You see that it kind of, these candles over here are basically poking at this level, but it doesn't wanna break out this level yet. And so this is what I would be looking for for additional further downside. If we don't break over this level, then I can see a high probability that we're gonna retest this level right here, which is 5.40. So if I were to play a put spread and I saw a rejection here at 6.10 or so, I'd probably play something like 6.10 to 5.40, right? Or if you were more aggressive, you could do something cheaper, which would be like 5.60, which is another resistance, or maybe you could use the VVAP, which is about 5.80, and then you would sell the 5.40p. Or if you wanted to be more conservative again, you can go a little bit higher, like 5.50. Or even this pivot point right here, where we had this engulfing bullish candle, right? So you could instead pick, you know, 5.50, and you could sell, or not sell, you can buy 5.80p, sell 5.50p, or something like that. And watch out for this 5.65 line to see if it acts as a potential resistance, right? But really we're looking at this trend line here. I think that's the real reason why we bounced. We hit this trend line, we bounced off of it. There was also, this is also the pivot point, the pivot high right here, is what I am looking for next. But yeah, I got some really, really aggressive with spreads, I picked 4.50 to 4.00p, I think, on Tesla. And there's a reason for that, and I'm going to talk about that now in the next slide. Yeah, in general for spreads, saw somebody was asking about expiration. Usually your expiration, you're just gonna pick it based on what you expect from the chart, right? That's how I play it. And then on top of that, I always add time to the play. So why did I pick March 19th? Because based on this trend, Tesla could easily just plunge to the depths in a week instead of two weeks, right? Like based on how it's been moving, right? That's because I'm just giving myself additional insurance or time for this play to play out in case it doesn't go 100% my way. Maybe it bounces up and then it goes down or something like giving myself time will allow me to more easily play that. But really March 19th really is a big lotto on this and that's why I'm not playing that big and it's only on my challenge account that I'm doing this on. But yeah, it is definitely a risky play. Usually for plays, I like to pick monthly calls and I like to add one month to when, at least one month to when I expect a play to pan out. So that's my own personal preference but again, this is all based on risk tolerance and I think JTW mentioned this too. For credit spreads, usually people play shorter timeframes because they want data to burn away the premium of the closer contract so they make more money on that play faster. But yeah, you can pick something further out too and I would recommend doing monthly still but maybe instead of saying normally you would do like two or three months out, you only do one month out or something like that. And the reason for picking monthlies again is because there is higher liquidity in the options contract, right? So when you play weeklies, there's not as much volume or open interest in those contracts because institutions and stuff probably aren't playing those and even non-institutional people like me, for example, who's retail, we prefer to play monthly so you will always see more volume on the monthlies and that provides better liquidity which means that you will have better bid ask differences so you can get better fills on your place and so that's why we like to play monthlies, right? So other considerations, risk of assignment and exercise, right? So for debit spreads is not really a concern for the assignment stuff. For credit spreads, it could be a bit more of a concern depending on whether both legs are into money or those kinds of situations but I contacted Robin Hood support just to get an answer from them in regards to how they manage these spreads and what happens at expiration just so that you guys can know. But other considerations other than that would be ex-dividend dates. So whenever there's a dividend on a stock, that value of that dividend is usually gonna be taken out of that stock when that dividend is paid out, right? So for example, if I can't think of something with a dividend right now but I think Ford removed their dividend but let's just say they still had a dividend. Say they had a pay to that dividend of 25 cents or something like that per share and say Ford is trading at $10 then at the ex-dividend date normally you would expect the price of the stock to drop because that value is being taken out of the asset in very simple terms that's basically how you can think of that, right? So when that happens that's going to affect the profitability of your place. This applies to not just spreads but also just any play in general right for options but that's something that you wanna pay attention to because that can affect how likely your play is gonna be in the money or out of the money based on what strike you picked because maybe that ex-dividend is going to take that play out of the picture or something like that. ER and volatility events are another big thing. So whenever you have ER volatility events it may throw a wrench into your plans. We all know how volatile ER can be stocks go up 10% or down 10% I mean different stocks react differently to ERs usually but in general is always risky to play over those volatility events but if you really do wanna play over ER a spread is the way to go, right? Because otherwise you're going to have high IV so you're gonna negate part of the IV with a spread. My favorite way to play ERs is of course the calendar spread with high IV skew and that's because I'm just profiting off of basically somebody, a lot of interest in the close dated contracts so the premium is overly high compared to the expected movement from ER versus a further outstrike which has less volatility imply volatility to it because it's further away from the ER and most likely it's going to normalize by the time that play hits. So really all I'm doing is selling that excess premium on the closer dated contract and counting on the further contract to maintain relative value. And so that's why I like to do ER calendar plays. I know a few folks have been messaging me lately with their calendar spreads and so far I think people have been doing very well with them. Like even when I don't alert anything I've seen a lot of people DM me like plays where they go 30 to 50% up. Basically every other day of the week they send me something and I'm like that's really impressive. But yeah, anyways, going over assignment and exercise. So again, I emailed Robin Hood and I'm just gonna read this. So they said prior to expiration they will review the spread 60 to 90 minutes before market close on the spreads expiration date at that point a few different things can happen. So if both legs are in the money the short leg may be assigned and the long leg may be exercised to offset the assignment. So spreads can be assigned if they are in the money but the thing is because you have a long leg your broker may just exercise that for you to offset that assignment especially if you don't have the capital or the shares to pay out for that assignment depending on whatever it was a put or a call spread, right? If both legs are out of the money and not at risk of being in the money at expiration then both legs are gonna expire worthless which is great for a credit spread, right? And then if it's a debit spread then it's not that great because basically you're at max loss, right? You lost whatever you put into that play. And then if one leg is at risk or in the money and you do not maintain the buying power or necessary collateral to support the exercise or assignment, they will just close out the whole spread for you. And so again, you really don't have to worry about assignment because pretty much all brokerages have a system to manage them appropriately based on your risk. The only issue here is, and this applies to all brokers but they all apply, like they all have different rules on how they do it. For Robinhood specifically, again, you have that 60 to 90 minutes before close and they do that risk check. The problem with this is that they will automatically sell your spread 60 to 90 minutes before close and sometimes that means that you're gonna be missing out on profits or losing out on profits that you did have. I can give you a good example for myself, for example. I had a calendar spread on, I don't know what it was. I think it was chewy, but I had a calendar spread a while back last year and it wasn't in the money. It was, they were both out of the money, right? The trade was green, but I had bought, I think it was like 100 C or something like that and I sold 100 C that was closer dated. So say it was, I don't know, September or something and then my further leg was in November. So I had planned on just letting the closer leg, which was a September one, expire out worthless. That was my plan. I just wanted to expire worthless to be worth $0 so I collect the full premium of that play, right? While chewy continues to slowly make its way up, right? But during the middle of the day, I saw that the contract for that was, were basically worth one cent, right? It was basically worthless because it was so far out of the money and I originally sold it for, I think like, maybe 35 to 40 cents somewhere around there. So it's not like I made a lot from it. It was just like $35 for the contract, but it was a way for me to offset my calendar spread cost, right? My longer leap, right? So I was like, I'm already in green and I can close it out now, but then I looked at the bid-ask spread and they only do it in increments of five cents. So basically I had to either buy back the contract at zero cents and no one's gonna sell it at zero cents or I had to buy it at five cents. So I was like, you know, whatever, I'm just gonna let it expire worthless instead of try to close it out at one cent because I can't close it out at one cent because they have an increment of five cents. So with that said, I just waited throughout the day and it turned out at the end of the day, basically this risk check happened. They were like, well, I don't know why they did it that way. I think it's because my calendar spread, I opened each leg separately. So that's probably why I didn't handle it very well too, but basically they tried to close that leg out even though it was out of the money and they should just expire worthless, but they closed it out and they bought it back at nine cents and I was just livid because I was like, basically I lost out on $4, which is not a big deal, right? But I was just like, dude, why didn't you just let it expire worthless? Why did you have to buy it back? And you bought it back, they probably just hit the bid to close it out, which was, I don't know, nine cents or whatever at the time. And I was like, I could have closed it out earlier in the day for four, five, because there were people selling it for five cents, which is $5, right? So anyways, that is a risk factor and it depends on your broker, how they manage those things. But that's also why, if you have the chance to close out of spread, it's deep into money or whatever, this is why I closed it out at 90, 95% now because I don't want to risk the chance that Robinhood automatically decides on their own how to sell my spread or exercise it or something like that, and they give me a worse price than what I could have gotten, right? That's why I do that now, whenever I hit 90, 95% of max profits on debit spreads, I will close it out because of this experience. I don't want to experience that again and lose out on profits. I'm not really too mad about it because it was a green trade, right? I sold that 30 something cents and then it bought back at nine cents. But the thing is if you had a lot of contracts or something like that, it could add up over time, right? Or if for other players are more expensive, that could be a detriment to your portfolio. But just something I want you guys to be aware about on how that works, specifically for Robinhood here, other brokers have similar risk assessments and they all have their own rules on how they do that, but this is generally how most brokerages handle it. Okay, I'm gonna catch up with chat real quick here. Yeah, what Bull Throttle was saying about the play less and cost cap profits, so you know, cost less, limit profits, and it makes more sense on longer plays is completely true because the only time you are not going to want to use a debit spread is for a shorter term, momentum play, right? And that's what I keep saying. Basically, if you plan on swinging spreads are usually a good idea. If you're just day trading or something like that, that means you're just scalping momentum. At that point, you would just take calls or puts, right? Of course, if you want to be less risky, you can still make it a spread. You'll still make money. But just generally speaking, the advantages of just calls or puts during a momentum play or day trade is much more favorable for that instead of spreads. And I saw somebody ask me why 695 and 665 for my strikes. A lot of that has to do with the size of my portfolio on that challenge account. So it would have been more expensive for me to play 660. Also, I saw that there was potential that it could bounce before hitting 660, and that's just why I picked that. But it's really just a matter of risk tolerance. Like for example, usually when I have price targets set up on my screen, say that, I don't know, say I think Apple is going up to 150C or something, I'm not gonna pick 150C for my spread, like this myself. I usually pick something a little bit closer, like a closer price target that I have because I don't know for a fact if Apple is going all the way up to 150. Like maybe there was previous resistance there, but maybe it doesn't go all the way. And so this is just a matter of risk tolerance, right? So I usually pick something one strike in or a closer price target level that I feel comfortable with. And this is just for me to manage my risk. And for people asking about, I see a lot of talk about brokerages here. So all the brokerages are pretty good for like, they all have their pros and cons, right? So Robinhood, obviously it's free, but there are some issues with it. You don't usually get very good fills on it. I do use Robinhood, but I also use other platforms as well. For example, I use Webull and I also use Tasty Works. And Tasty Works is my favorite platform actually for options trading. But Tasty Works costs money, not that expensive actually, it's only, they only charge you to open the play, they don't charge you to close the plays, things like that, but it's not really that expensive, but I mostly just use different accounts to manage different types of portfolios or to manage different types of strategies in order for me to arrange my stuff. But yeah, with Tasty Works, you might have to pay for it, but it actually pays back in value because I always get a better value from using Tasty Works on opening positions than when I use Robinhood. For Robinhood, I like I open a position and I wait there and like it doesn't fill for like 10 minutes or something. And then I end up going, okay, play is probably gonna move soon, so I'm just gonna have to increase my midpoint up, right? I'm gonna have to go closer to the ask or sometimes maybe even hit the ask on a momentum play. And so really you're just, with Robinhood, you don't pay to make trades, but you pay back when you get filled because you don't get filled instantly. And Robinhood is basically the bottom of the pecking order for I forgot what it's called, but basically people who process the orders, right? And on top of that, we all know that Robinhood sells your data, your options, or not your options, just the order flow data to folks and institutions, right? So that's, I've known about that for a long time already, but there's no such thing as, there's no free lunch, right? There's always some kind of cost. So, but yeah, I still do use Robinhood because they're still great for certain things, but I use it more for like, more like sculpt type plays usually, just because with those kinds of quick in and outs, the fees add up more quickly. But at the same time, I use all the, my brokerage is pretty equally, it just depends on what my particular strategy is. So Robinhood I usually use for my challenge account for this, because I don't like to put too much money in Robinhood. And then Tasty Works, I have a few accounts with Tasty Works actually, but basically I have an account depending on the strategy for that account. Like I have a long-term portfolio, then I have another account for just calendar spread, ER calendar spread place, and this allows me to better manage my risk and also to see how a certain strategy is working out. Sorry for all this extra information about brokerages here, just felt like I would touch on that a bit. Is it worth saying lowball ask for the spread? Yes, I see 007 and JTW both agree with that. And I definitely agree with that, because sometimes you do get those crazy good fills and basically it increases the probability of success of the play significantly, right? And it does happen. So I always put lowball bids in there. It's the same thing with crypto actually, if anybody's spending crypto and you've probably seen or heard of like, you know, Ethereum flash crash or whatever back in like the older days of crypto trading. And ever since that happened, I always have a lowball bid of like, you know, a dollar or a cent or whatever on Bitcoin and Ethereum, because I was like, man, these guys got filled for cheap. I like, I forgot how low it got actually on Ethereum flash crash, but it got really low. And then it basically bounced right back up. And the reason why it got that low is just because of low liquidity. And then, you know, people stop losses hit, right? But then it instantly bounced back up and those people made, you know, thousands, if not more than that, right? Instantly. So I always set low as lowball bids now because of that. And it's the same thing with options because some options have, you know, pretty poor liquidity of someone's fat fingers or something like that. Or if someone is just hitting the ask suddenly because they want to get into play really bad, then there's a chance that your lowball bid will fill. And so that's definitely always do that, right? Set those limits when you buy. For max profit on spreads, yes, you do want the sold leg to, I mean, you hit max profit if both legs are in the money for debit spreads. So you either want it to be, you know, right on the dot or even further in the money. And if it's further in the money, you basically hit max profits, right? So the biggest hurdle for beginner into spreads is the requirement for a margin account. That is a point there. So that's why with, you know, but on Robinhood, which is what I think most, a lot of beginner traders use, it pretty much starts off as a margin account. Like I don't think they even ask you. Like most people don't even know what a cash account is until they realize that there's another service called the Weeple and it asks you if you want to do a cash account or a margin account. You can actually go cash on Robinhood as well, but you have to specifically ask them to disable margin. But yes, I assume most people have access to a margin account because it's pretty easy to apply for and get these days compared to before. Before it used to be a lot harder to get these margin, margin accounts. Now you need a lot less to open one. And of course, you know, Robinhood automatically gives you one. Do you plan on time to spend, or sorry, for that backwards, do you plan on to spend time on how and when we close slash stop spreads when it's not going the way we anticipated? Say for example, simple calls, we can have 30% as stop loss. Do you have any guidelines for spreads? So good question. So when a spread doesn't go your way, right? And I'm gonna answer this question real quick and then I'm going to move on with the presentation because I actually do have some other things I want to talk about as well. So for expiration, sorry, not expiration, for stop loss when a call doesn't go your way, usually I don't really like to set percentages. I like to base it off of the chart and you can set percentages, but usually the time I set percentages is when my call is already in the money, or not in the money, but it's green on the plate, right? So if any of you are on the crypto server as well, you're probably quite familiar with the fact that when your plate goes green, usually you like to set your stop loss above, like in the green, like basically once your play is green, especially if you're trading leverage, right? Because the value of your play can instantly go against you in a small move when you're leveraged, right? So we usually like to set that stop loss in the green. And so that's what I do with my plays as well. My personal rules for credit spreads, I mean, not credit spreads, debit spreads is again, 90 to 95% if it's in the money, right? That's when I like to close, but if that's not the case, right? If it's just up say, it goes up say 50% or something, I would usually consider closing out, right? If it's especially if it's at a resistance, if it's say a bull spread or a call spread, right? So my rule for that though is if the play is green, say it goes up 50% or more than 50% say it goes up 80%, my rule is if it pulls back half of what it's gained, at that point, that's where I would stop out. So you can consider doing a trailing stop loss essentially, right? So for myself, this rule applies to just basic calls and puts as well, not just spreads. And it's usually where I apply this rule. If my play goes up 100%, always sell half, right? You're really familiar with that rule because Guru always talks about it. But my other rule is that if I hold runners, right? They're up 100%, if it goes to retraces back 50% of the value from its peak, that's also when I sell out. So for example, if it goes up 200% for example, and it goes all the way back down to 100%, I will stop out there, no matter what. It doesn't matter if I feel how I feel about the play, it's just how I manage that risk, right? And the only reason why I set that rule is because I've had times where I was like, it goes back 100%, down to 100% from being up more than 200% for example. And I think like, oh, it's just dipping, it's gonna go up again, whatever. That kind of psychology, right? In my early days of trading, I was very susceptible to this. Now, when something goes up a lot, you get euphoric. And that's true for everybody, right? We learned to manage those emotions over time. And then it ended up going down from 100% up to down 50% up and I'm like, oh, it's back close to that first support where I first bought in or something. And then it just keeps going down and it ends up being a red play when it was originally up say 200% for example. And this happened a lot for me when I was starting out. And that's why I have this rule now where basically if it's over 100% for just calls or puts, anytime every trace is back 50% of the gains, I am going to have a trailing stop loss there and I will stop out, that's it, no more. I'm out of the play, it doesn't matter if it goes up after that, but I am gonna close the trade green, I am not going to risk it going red. And really any green trade is a good trade, right? We all know that. Like even if you're only going up 1% a day, if you think about it 1% a day for, I don't know, 100 days is more than 100% because it's compounding, but anyways, you basically, a green trade is good and that's why we have those rules. For spread specifically though, because you can't go over a certain percentage, usually what I do is I will assess it on option strats, right? This is how I assess plays. So you'll see your option strats, one of my favorite tools to use, right? So say that I'm getting a bear put spread right here and say it's Tesla because that's what I've been talking about today and say that I got March 19th, Tesla put spread and say that we're getting 600 to, I think at the end of this back, we're 600 to 580p, okay. So the way I assess this here is basically based on this table, right? You can change this here to percent of entry cost and that's what you would use if you weren't wanting to assess that. Based on a percentage. So for myself, the way I assess this is basically if, I'm getting close to max profit, which is $1,050 on display. So if I hit 90, 95% that's one hour close on 950 hour close out here, right? So over time, your profit profile changes, right? Because there is the factor of data. Also, our factors to think about will be IV, right? But we can't control that. So that's not something that we can assess from a top down level. We just have to assess that on a day-to-day basis. So usually I just, once I see this and I hit this area, anything in this darker green area is like take profits on that day, that's when I take profits. So if I hit this and it's 950 on the 11th, that's where I take profits, right? If it didn't hit that and it hit 9 to 72, I would take profits there. So this is my automatic take profit areas, right? Like I will automatically take profits whenever I see this happen, which is basically when you're getting close to max profits, right? For loss system, that's a little bit harder to manage for spreads in general, right? So I don't really set a percent loss for spreads. And I don't do that for calls or puts either. In general, I don't set rules for myself for stopping out based on the profit loss of the play. I always base it off of the chart. The only exception to this is if I'm very close to expiration. If I am very close to expiration, I will consider closing out the play because there is not enough time for the play to recover regardless of what I think on the chart, right? So if I'm playing, for example, April 16th or something like that, then if it's two weeks out, say April 1st, this is starting when I would start considering, hey, maybe I need to roll out my play or close out this play at a loss if I don't have faith in the play anymore, right? Usually I go up to two to one weeks before the expiration depending on what the charts say, right? So for example, for Tesla here, say that I'm in the bear spread, right? Or I put debit spread. This line right here is a major support zone area for me. Why? This is a 0.5 retrace from the run of S&P 500 inclusion news, right? This is before S&P 500 inclusion and this is the peak of S&P 500 inclusion news. So this was the 50% of that play and that's why I have this line here for this fit. And also this is a pivot point, right? So we dip down here and then we bounce off of that. So I think that there's a good chance that this area would act as support and you see it lined up perfectly with this trend line here, right? So if I was playing put spreads and I saw it bounce off of here, that's probably where I would close out my play, right? Because they're already bounced off here actually. And then same thing for like on the bowler side, if you're hitting a resistance and you're rejecting off of it, that's where I'll take a play. And so in the case of a red play, so in other words a play, when you first took the play, the play was already moving against you, like it was never green, right? So for example, if I played both side on Tesla and I see this bounce off of here and so I decided to enter calls on Tesla, right? Because it bounced strongly off of this major support area with lots of confluence, right? So we got this horizontal support for a pivot, it's a 0.5 fib and it's trend line from the consolidation zone. So it's a great area to go along, right? So say I went along here and say that instead it broke down, it didn't hold this area. So say that next week it goes down here again and I decided to go on calls because it bounced off of here previously and instead it breaks, right? So say it breaks down and now the play is red. So what I would always do is I would assess where your next support level is for me and for me that would be this zone right here which is a 0.382 fib and also the pivot top of the consolidation zone of Tesla before S&P 500 inclusion news. I think this area is probably a good support area. So that's what I would look for, right? So I would look for it to bounce off of the next major support which is down here at 512. And so of course there's quite a bit of downside to this. So basically I'll be buying at 540-ish and my downside would be like about $40 down to this area of about $500 right here. 510 to 500 is the zone. So there's quite a bit of downside on those calls but that's what I'll be looking for. Like if I entered here, I always look for where my next support level is, the major support level on the trade and if it doesn't hold that support, that's where I would bail out. Another way to do this depending again, this just completely depends on your risk tolerances. If you are trying to buy at support and it doesn't hold that support, then that play is not valid, right? So that's in a completely red situation in which case you would just set a tight stop loss on this play. So just for example here, okay? So we see that we bounced pretty much perfectly off this area at about 540 or so, 540 and say that we go down over here to this trendline, 540 again, then maybe I would only wait for one or two or candles below this and then I would stop out if I was trying to be very, very conservative on the play. At that point, you can probably, you can set a stop loss maybe 10% down or something like that, right? Because you're trying to capture this balance and if it's not bouncing off of it, that means the play isn't valid. But the thing is, for this, it's probably not that good to use the next support because it's so far down, especially on this kind of analysis, my analysis. But usually if there's a closer support, that's what I would use as reference point. But the thing is Tesla moves so volatility that if you're setting a stop loss like that, you can just, you're basically gonna get stopped out and then it can still bounce, right? And I think JTW had a really, really good video education on waiting for confirmations or trend breaks and stuff. So if you need ideas on that and how to do that, I would definitely refer to that video. It's in our Xtrades Discord server in the education section. Now that's probably not the risk management you wanted to hear, but that is how I manage my plays is I always base the office support and resistance level rather than just a strict percent of stop out or stop loss. The only time I use percent to manage my plays is for green plays because that's to prevent myself from basically eating losses when I was already in green. So losses I like to manage strictly based off of my own analysis instead of using percentages. Thanks to Bo7, I think he's gone already. The Bo7 is gonna be back on Monday to talk about ERs and charts. So if you need any of that, check that out. Monday through Friday, right? On how to open a spread on Robinhood, I actually have a PDF file with pictures of how to do spreads. It's actually a guide on how to get around day trades using different legs of options, right? You're essentially opening a spread to get around day trading if you really need to close out a position. But in that, I have pictures and using that you can basically know how to open a spread. But I'll consider making a video for that probably later this month or something and upload that as well. So 3D Snoop, that PDF is actually in education section already for BEB positive. I'm not sure if I'm reading your name right, sorry. But for back to the previous question on the data, yes, the closer you get to data, I mean, sorry, I think the session has been a little bit long but the closer you get to expiration, the easier it is to hit max profit because there is that less volatility in the spread play. Because you hit max profits at expiration if the whole play is in the money, right? Before expiration, even though you are in the money, like deep in the money in the play, right, so you can see that it closely trends up over time. And same thing with here on the negative side, right? Is because there's a possibility that your play can turn around, right? So that's where you have intrinsic and extrinsic value of your options contract and where you're two, because you have two options contracts where one of them has the potential to make more money than the other one. And so because of that over time, you get more value out of your play because that probability of it falling within that range that for example, if it's already below 580, the probability that it say bounces back over 600 or over 580 decreases. So your profitability increases over time in terms of how close you are to the strike. So that's why when you are really far away from the expiration because there's a chance for the play to reverse, like go in the opposite direction of what you want, you need to be more deep in the money in order to make the same profit as if it was just say one or two dates out. Hope that explains that a little bit. Essentially, that's what it's doing. But if you look at the Greeks, that is what is really happening. But basically you're looking at the probability of the play reversing on you, essentially. So yeah, the lig that you're selling, the second lig is always gonna be a support resistance area that you've identified depending on which way you're playing, right? Or you can go a little bit closer and that's what I usually do because there's less risk that way. Because sometimes you see like their support, for example over here, identify support was over here, at 800 on Tesla, and you see that it never hit that support again, right? Until a long time later and it did hit that again and then it broke. But basically, I set that target to always be a little bit closer than where I identify a pivot area just to give myself a little bit more leeway on place. All right, I am just gonna go over bar charts right now real quick for you guys. This is the other, that's been the wrong address, I did, barchart.com, there we go. So we've already been talking about this. On barchart.com, there's two ways you can identify a debit play. One is when you go over here, you can use a bar chart screener, right? So they have something called a bull call debit spread and they have basically all the plays they have screeners for them. And so we're looking at debit spreads right now. So I'm just gonna look at bull call debit spreads screener just to quickly go over how to use it. You've probably, if you've been to previous seminars you've already seen this. So just bear with me here. Basically, probability is the percent chance that a play will work out, like go green, right? And this probability is just based on the Greeks, right? There's a complicated formula for options and it's gonna be based around the Greeks and other factors, right? But that's how this is calculated. So this is just a probability based strictly on statistics, essentially. Now, after we identify that kind of aspect of the play you wanna identify on the charts if the play is valid or not. Is there support or resistance there? Is it possible for Tesla to go up to say $900 in two weeks or something? Because if it doesn't happen and that's the play you're taking based off of this calculator or not calculator screener then that's probably not something you wanna play, right? So you can use this tool to help you identify those just based on statistics alone but always fact check with your chart identify your support and resistance to determine how to play it. Here you can see the max profits and that shows as a percent as well as the max loss. So you see that this play only costs 35 cents to play but you can gain $5 and that's because the spread width is not spread width. The strike differential rate is $5 because you have $10 strike and you have a $15 strike. So 15 minus 10 is five and then you have your leg one and your leg two, 50 cents and 15 cents costing 35 cents total. So your break even is 10, 35. So then if you don't know the company you can bring this up, pull it up and see what is going on here. And you're like, well, maybe it's basing out here. Maybe this might be a good risk reward play. I'm risking 35 cents to make $4 and 65 cents. Maybe that's a good deal. So now that I've looked at that, I'm gonna go, okay. SOAC, let's pull it up on the chart and see what's going on, right? So I see that this is an acquisition. So this is like a SPAC, right? So I see what's going on here. Basically, it's skyrocketed and it tanked, right? I think SPACs have been a little bit hit lately. Personally, I don't really play SPACs myself. And a lot of people are probably playing like CCIV and stuff like that. I don't play as many of those. So we see that a SPAC usually has good support around $10, right? So I think that's why this play is actually very reasonable if you think that it's gonna be bullish. So personally, I think the spread is too wide because it's never been up to $15. More likely you're just, I think 10 is actually a good support, right? So the first leg of this play on this screener is probably not bad, but 15 is really far out and here feels like a lot of at this point. But there's a good chance it bounces around this area around $970 to $10. So maybe that's something folks can consider, but I'd probably make this strike a little bit closer here. But this is how you use this scanner. You can use filters as well to change what you're looking at. You can pick ETF or stocks, et cetera. Let's see. There's also a filter for sector, I think. Right, sector. So for example, if I am bearish on tech right now because tech has been not performing very well relative to the rest of the market, so they're underperforming, then maybe I wanna play a different sector. Like maybe I wanna play, I don't know, consumer staples or something because I think those have a better chance of recovery than this is how I would use this to filter out for those things. But yeah, this is one way to identify a possible place on that you can also use option strat to figure out those plays because it also tells you the chance of profit here and it gives you the variables. You can visualize it on a table or a graph to see where you make profits, how many days from expiration, right? So this is one way to identify it by using screeners and tools like this. And of course, the way I usually do it, of course, is you have a trade that you already want to play and you identify that set up there, right? But if you need ideas, this is a great way to find them because it gives you the actual statistics of it happening, right? So this could be a good way to screen for new tickers that you might never have noticed were really popular or are popping up right now and have a high probability based on statistics. But you just always wanna make sure you're double checking on the chart to see if it's actually a reasonable play or not or if you tweak that play a little bit to make it a better play, right? So this is just a good way to get those ideas. But yep, I think I'm gonna close a session today here in regards to the actual seminar. If you guys have any questions, be happy to answer them now or if you guys want me to do some quick charting, I could do a few, probably for like another 10 minutes or so and then I have to get going too. But yeah, hope you guys found this seminar helpful. I wanna thank JTW and Double 7 for answering a lot of questions as well as Young Bull and Red Black for helping moderating the chat. But yep, thanks again for joining us this weekend. And if you need some guidance or you wanna talk more with people with trade ideas, find good plays, come and join us on Xtrades if you are not already a part of it. And next video, next seminar, not sure when that's gonna be, probably in about two weeks, but I think I'm busy next couple weekends. So it might be actually the end of the month, but I'll update you guys in the Discord and make an announcement when we have that next seminar video. But these videos are gonna be up for two weeks and I will try to get them up on YouTube. Yep, thanks again everyone for coming to join us. Now any questions gonna go over the chat here. Yeah, money-ness is how close basically the play is to being in the money. That's all it really means. So it's measuring a difference between the current price and like the legs. And yes, as JTW mentioned, you can open up spreads separately if you want to. And I do that a lot actually, because whenever I'm trying to capture a momentum play on a stock, I will take the leg first. And then once I notice momentum is starting to die or something, then I might convert it to a spread so I can swing it because I'm still biased in that direction, but I feel like maybe it might bounce or something. So basically it's a way for me to lower my risk and allow me to swing safely and still collect profits if the play continues to move in that direction. So I do open up spreads a lot of times as separate legs, but it just depends on the stock. If it's a big, fast mover right now, then I'm probably gonna be opening it separately. All right, anybody have any chart requests or other questions they wanna talk about? If not, I will bounce out of here. I will be uploading my weekend report tomorrow. So if you want some tickers analyzed or have some ideas, be sure to vote on that weekend report ticker form. So I can take a look at those for you guys if you want anything analyzed. And I'll include in that report, my usual market analysis, what's going on and what I think about what's gonna happen with it. Currently, I think the markets are wanting to bounce, right? We have this stimulus news over the weekend, but I'm not convinced yet that we are going to bounce straight up from here. I feel like it could just be a temporary bounce and that there might be more downside, but that's just my opinion right now, but I'll explain a little bit more about other indicators and things I'm looking at, such as Dex and Gex in that report. All right, well, I hope you guys all have a wonderful weekend and good luck trading next week. This is a fun time to trade actually because there's a lot of volatility on the markets and there are still opportunities out there, but it's good to play safe. So stick with UC spreads to your advantage. I feel like the markets are really volatile, spreads help to minimize that risk potentially, but of course, in this volatile situation, there's also a lot of opportunities for quick momentum scalps, right? And in those, you can just do regular calls and puts, but yeah, stay safe out there and until next week, signing out.