Datasets:

nikchar

/

retrieval_verification_bm25_roberta

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[ "China", "Patrick_Mweheire", "United_States", "Economy_of_Pakistan", "Changshu" ]

[ "China , officially the People 's Republic of China -LRB- PRC -RRB- , is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the world 's most populous country , with a population of over 1.381 billion . Covering approximately 9.6 e6km2 , China is the world 's second-largest state by land area and third - or fourth-largest by total area . Governed by the Communist Party of China , it exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities -LRB- Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai and Chongqing -RRB- and the Special Administrative Regions Hong Kong and Macau , also claiming sovereignty over Taiwan . China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia , and has been characterized as a potential superpower . China emerged as one of the world 's earliest civilizations in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the legendary Xia dynasty . Since 221 , when the Qin dynasty conquered the other largest six states to form the first unified Chinese empire , China has then expanded , fractured and re-unified numerous times in the following millennia . In 1912 , the Republic of China -LRB- ROC -RRB- replaced the last dynasty and ruled the Chinese mainland until 1949 , when it was defeated by the communist People 's Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War . The Communist Party established the People 's Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October 1949 , while the ROC government relocated to Taiwan with its present de facto temporary capital in Taipei . Both the ROC and PRC continue to claim to be the legitimate government of all China , though the latter has more recognition in the world and controls more territory . China has had the largest economy in the world for much of the last two thousand years , during which it has seen cycles of prosperity and decline . Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978 , China has become one of the world 's fastest-growing major economies . , it is the world 's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and largest by purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- . China is also the world 's largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods . China is a recognized nuclear weapons state and has the world 's largest standing army and second-largest defense budget . The PRC is a member of the United Nations , as it replaced the ROC as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council in 1971 . China is also a member of numerous formal and informal multilateral organizations , including the WTO , APEC , BRICS , the Shanghai Cooperation Organization -LRB- SCO -RRB- , the BCIM and the G-20 . ", "Patrick Mweheire is an investment banker and bank executive , in Uganda , the third-largest economy in the East African Community . He is the current Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Stanbic Bank Uganda , the largest commercial bank in the country , by assets and branch list . ", "The United States of America -LRB- USA -RRB- , commonly known as the United States -LRB- U.S. -RRB- or America , is a constitutional federal republic composed of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico . The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America , bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west . The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean . The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea . Nine time zones are covered . The geography , climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse . At 3.8 million square miles -LRB- 9.8 million km2 -RRB- and with over 324 million people , the United States is the world 's third - or fourth-largest country by total area , third-largest by land area , and the third-most populous . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , and is home to the world 's largest immigrant population . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the largest city is New York City ; nine other major metropolitan areas -- each with at least 4.5 million inhabitants and the largest having more than 13 million people -- are Los Angeles , Chicago , Dallas , Houston , Philadelphia , Miami , Atlanta , Boston , and San Francisco . Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years ' War led to the American Revolution , which began in 1775 . On July 4 , 1776 , during the course of the American Revolutionary War , the colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence . The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain , representing the first successful war of independence against a European power . The current constitution was adopted in 1788 , after the Articles of Confederation , adopted in 1781 , were felt to have provided inadequate federal powers . The first ten amendments , collectively named the Bill of Rights , were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century , displacing Native American tribes , acquiring new territories , and gradually admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848 . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the end of legal slavery in the country . By the end of that century , the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean , and its economy , driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution , began to soar . The Spanish -- American War and confirmed the country 's status as a global military power . The United States emerged from as a global superpower , the first country to develop nuclear weapons , the only country to use them in warfare , and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council . The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world 's sole superpower . The U.S. is a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , International Monetary Fund , Organization of American States -LRB- OAS -RRB- , and other international organizations . The United States is a highly developed country , with the world 's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP . Though its population is only 4.3 % of the world total , Americans hold nearly 40 % of the total wealth in the world . The United States ranks among the highest in several measures of socioeconomic performance , including average wage , human development , per capita GDP , and productivity per person . While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial , characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy , the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world . Accounting for approximately a quarter of global GDP and a third of global military spending , the United States is the world 's foremost economic and military power . The United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally , and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations . ", "The economy of Pakistan is the 25th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- , and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product . Pakistan has a population of over 190 million -LRB- the world 's 6th-largest -RRB- , giving it a nominal GDP per capita of $ 1,428 , which ranks 147th in the world for 2016 . However , Pakistan 's undocumented economy is estimated to be 36 % of its overall economy , which is not taken into consideration when calculating per capita income . Pakistan is a developing country and is one of the Next Eleven , the eleven countries and have a potential to be among the world 's large economies in the 21st century . However , after decades of war and social instability , as of 2013 , serious deficiencies in basic services such as railway transportation and electric power generation had developed . The economy is semi-industrialized , with centres of growth along the Indus River . Primary export commodities include textiles , leather goods , sports goods , chemicals and carpets/rugs . Growth poles of Pakistan 's economy are situated along the Indus River ; the diversified economies of Karachi and major urban centers in the Punjab , coexisting with lesser developed areas in other parts of the country . The economy has suffered in the past from internal political disputes , a fast-growing population , mixed levels of foreign investment . Foreign exchange reserves are bolstered by steady worker remittances , but a growing current account deficit -- driven by a widening trade gap as import growth outstrips export expansion -- could draw down reserves and dampen GDP growth in the medium term . Pakistan is currently undergoing a process of economic liberalization , including privatization of all government corporations , aimed to attract foreign investment and decrease budget deficit . In 2014 , foreign currency reserves crossed $ 18.4 billion which has led to stable outlook on the long-term rating by Standard & Poor 's . In 2016 , BMI Research report named Pakistan as one of the ten emerging economies with a particular focus on of its manufacturing hub . In October 2016 , the IMF chief Christine Lagarde confirmed her economic assessment in Islamabad that Pakistan 's economy was ` out of crisis ' The World Bank predicts that by 2018 , Pakistan 's economic growth will increase to a `` robust '' 5.4 % due to greater inflow of foreign investment , namely from the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor . According to the World Bank , poverty in Pakistan fell from 64.3 % in 2002 to 29.5 % in 2014 . Pakistan 's fiscal position continues to improve as the budget deficit has fallen from 6.4 % in 2013 to 4.3 % in 2016 . The country 's improving Macroeconomic position has led to Moody 's upgrading Pakistan 's debt outlook to `` stable '' . ", "Changshu is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Suzhou , Jiangsu province , and is part of the Yangtze River Delta . It borders the prefecture-level city of Nantong to the northeast across the Yangtze River . Due to the mild climate and terrain there , it has enjoyed a high level of agriculture civilization since ancient times , and is named after this , for the first character of its name means `` always , often '' , while the second means `` ripe '' . The name of the adjacent county-level city of Taicang means `` great granary '' . Changshu comprises 9 towns and 2 subdistricts and two provincial economy and technology development districts . As a historically and culturally famous city , Changshu is known for its long history , beautiful scenery and prosperity . It is one of the most well developed counties in China : its GDP reached 97.2 billion yuan in 2007 , and GDP per capita reached 91,846 yuan -LRB- ca . US$ 12,000 -RRB- , ranking among the top 10 county-level divisions nationally . In 2010 , GDP per capita reached US$ 21,473 , ranking the fourth of the counties and cities of Jiangsu Province . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Punch-Drunk_Love", "Jon_Brion", "Mabel's_Married_Life", "Daddy_Day_Care", "Clawfist_-_The_Peel_Sessions" ]

[ "Punch-Drunk Love is a 2002 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson and starring Adam Sandler , Emily Watson , Philip Seymour Hoffman , Luis Guzmán , and Mary Lynn Rajskub . After the release of his previous film Magnolia -LRB- which ran over three hours -RRB- , Anderson stated that he would like to work with Adam Sandler in the future and that he was determined to make his next film ninety minutes long . The film was produced by Revolution Studios and New Line Cinema , and distributed by Columbia Pictures ; it features the video art of Jeremy Blake in the form of visual interludes . The film received positive reviews from critics , with Sandler 's performance receiving critical praise , but just failed to recoup its production budget at the box office . ", "Jon Brion -LRB- born December 11 , 1963 -RRB- is an American rock and pop multi-instrumentalist , singer , songwriter , composer and record producer . He performed with The Excerpts and The Bats in his early career , before going on to composing film scores , including Paul Thomas Anderson 's Hard Eight , Magnolia , and Punch-Drunk Love , as well as Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and I Heart Huckabees . Brion also works as a solo artist and released his debut solo album , Meaningless , in 2001 . ", "Mabel 's Married Life -LRB- 1914 -RRB- is an American comedy silent film made by Keystone Studios starring and co-written by Charles Chaplin and Mabel Normand , and directed by Chaplin . As was so often the case during his first year in film , Chaplin 's character is soon staggering drunk . ", "Daddy Day Care is a 2003 American family comedy film starring Eddie Murphy and co-starring Jeff Garlin , Steve Zahn , Regina King , and Anjelica Huston . Written by Geoff Rodkey and directed by Steve Carr , the film was released in theaters on May 9 , 2003 . It was produced by Revolution Studios and released by Columbia Pictures . The film grossed $ 164 million worldwide on a budget of $ 60 million . It is also Murphy and Zahn 's second collaboration after Dr. Dolittle 2 -LRB- 2001 -RRB- . ", "Clawfist - The Peel Sessions is a split EP recorded by John Peel at BBC 's studios , released in November 20 , 1992 through Strange Fruit Records . The first half contains Gallon Drunk 's session , recorded on July 14 , 1991 ; the second half contains Breed 's session , recorded July 28 , 1991 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Saw_II", "DeeVeeDee", "Live_at_Sturgis_2006", "Rudy_Giuliani-COLON-_Urban_Legend", "List_of_Case_Closed_OVAs" ]

[ "Saw II is a 2005 American horror film , a sequel to 2004 's Saw and the second installment in the seven-part Saw franchise , directed and co-written by Darren Lynn Bousman . Co-written with series creator Leigh Whannell , it stars Donnie Wahlberg , Franky G , Glenn Plummer , Beverley Mitchell , Dina Meyer , Emmanuelle Vaugier , Erik Knudsen , Shawnee Smith , and Tobin Bell . The film features Jigsaw being apprehended by the police , but trapping the arresting officer in one of his own games while showing another game of eight people -- including the officer 's son -- in progress on TV monitors at another location . It also explores some of John Kramer 's backstory , providing a partial explanation of his reason for becoming Jigsaw . After the financial success of Saw , a sequel was immediately green-lit . Leigh Whannell and James Wan were busy preparing for their next film and were unable to write or direct . Bousman wrote a script called The Desperate before Saw was released and was looking for a producer but many studios rejected it . Hoffman received the script and showed it to his partners Mark Burg and Oren Koules . It was decided that , with some changes , it could be made into Saw II . Whannell became available to provide rewrites of the script . The film was given a larger budget and was shot from May to June 2005 in Toronto . Saw II was released on October 28 , 2005 and , despite mixed reviews from critics , was a financial success , with opening takings of $ 31.9 million and grossing $ 88 million in the United States and Canada . It has remained the highest grossing Saw film in those countries . Bell was nominated for `` Best Villain '' at the 2006 MTV Movie Awards for his role as Jigsaw in the film . Saw II was released to DVD on and topped charts its first week , selling more than 3 million units . At the time , it was the fastest-selling theatrical DVD in Lionsgate 's history . It was followed by Saw III which released October 2006 . ", "DeeVeeDee is a DVD by Canadian pop punk band Sum 41 , released in 2008 . It features live and backstage footage of the band , as well as humorous short films the band made between 2001 and 2005 . All footage on the DVD has been previously released . ", "Live at Sturgis 2006 is a live concert DVD filmed by Canadian rock band , Nickelback . It is the band 's first live DVD since 2002 's release of Live at Home . The DVD was released exclusively at Walmart stores on December 2 , 2008 . The concert was filmed in 2006 in Sturgis , South Dakota during the tour supporting their album All the Right Reasons . The concert was at the Sturgis 2006 `` Rockin ' The Rally '' Show at the Sturgis Bike Rally . Filmed in Hi Definition by 15 cameras , there was a crowd of 35,000 attending the performance . The DVD was meant to be released in December 2007 , but was delayed to coincide with the release of their album Dark Horse which had come out on November 18 , 2008 , a year later . The Blu-ray Disc release of Live At Sturgis was released in late 2009 . It was certificated Gold by the RIAA . ", "Rudy Giuliani : Urban Legend is a video produced by the International Association of Firefighters -LRB- IAFF -RRB- . On July 11 , 2007 , the IAFF released the 13-minute video in DVD format to fire departments across the U.S. . The DVD outlines its complaints against Rudy Giuliani . It is critical of the 2008 Republican Party presidential candidate and former New York City mayor . As the video has been issued on a website , and not just DVD , it is classifiable as a viral video . ", "The Case Closed anime , known as in Japan , had spun off two original video animation series and two television special since its debut on January 8 , 1996 on Nippon Television Network System -LRB- NNS -RRB- in Japan . The anime special features its own original plot with the general theme focused on Shinichi Kudo who was turned into a child by a poison called APTX 4869 , but continues working as a detective under the alias Conan Edogawa . The Shōnen Sunday is a Case Closed original video animation series which is released directly to VHS and DVD . The OVA was available to order for those who were subscribed to Weekly Shōnen Sunday . Shōnen Sunday has released a new OVA yearly since 2000 with nine animations released as of March 2010 . Shogakukan later collected the nine animations and released them into four DVD compilations with the title Secret Files . The Magic Files is a second Case Closed original video animation series , which ís released directly to DVD . A new Magic File has been released every year in April since the first on April 11 , 2007 , which contained four previously aired Case Closed episodes . Later Magic Files were released along with Case Closed films , containing an original plot with background ties to the theatrical Case Closed films . The fifth Magic File was released on April 16 , 2012 . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Watertown,_Massachusetts", "Watertown_Bridge", "Watertown_Municipal_Airport", "The_Larches", "Bemis_-LRB-Watertown,_Massachusetts-RRB-" ]

[ "The Town of Watertown is a city in Middlesex County , Massachusetts , United States . It is part of the Greater Boston area . The population was 31,915 at the 2010 census . Watertown is one of fourteen Massachusetts municipalities that have applied for , and been granted , city forms of government but wish to retain `` The town of '' in their official names . Watertown is made up of six neighborhoods : Bemis , Brigham -LRB- Brigham Historic District -RRB- , Coolidge Square , East Watertown , Watertown Square and the West End . ", "The Watertown Bridge is a five-lane traffic bridge over the Charles River , carrying Rt. 16 and Galen Street . It connects Watertown Square on the north side and Watertown Yard on the south side of Watertown , Massachusetts . Pedestrian walkways line each side . ", "Watertown Municipal Airport may refer to : Watertown Municipal Airport -LRB- Wisconsin -RRB- in Watertown , Wisconsin , United States -LRB- FAA : RYV -RRB- Watertown Regional Airport -LRB- formerly Watertown Municipal -RRB- in Watertown , South Dakota , United States -LRB- FAA : ATY -RRB- ", "The Larches can refer to : The Larches , Cambridge , Massachusetts , United States The Larches , Monmouthshire , a hillfort in Wales , United Kingdom Category : Place name disambiguation pages ", "Bemis is a neighborhood located in the southwest corner of Watertown , Massachusetts , United States . It is bounded by Main Street to the north , the Charles River to the south , and the City of Waltham to the west . The neighborhood derives its name from Seth Bemis -LRB- 1775 -- 1851 -RRB- , who ran mills on both sides of the river near Bridge Street , including the Bemis Mill , which is located just across the Charles River at 1 -- 3 Bridge Street , in Newton , and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Seth was the father of George Bemis -LRB- October 13 , 1816 -- January 5 , 1878 -RRB- , a successful lawyer and legal scholar . Bemis Park is located in this neighborhood . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "A_Good_Day_to_Die_Hard", "Die_Hard", "Live_Free_or_Die_Hard", "Lie-in", "Honcut,_California" ]

[ "A Good Day to Die Hard is a 2013 American action thriller film and the fifth installment in the Die Hard film series . The film was directed by John Moore and written by Skip Woods , and stars Bruce Willis as John McClane . The main plot finds McClane travelling to Russia to get his estranged son , Jack , an undercover CIA agent , out of prison . He is soon caught in the crossfire of a global terrorist plot . Alongside Willis , the film also stars Jai Courtney , Cole Hauser , Yuliya Snigir and Sebastian Koch as the film 's villain . Talks of a fifth Die Hard film began before the release of the fourth installment , Live Free or Die Hard , with Willis affirming that the latter would not be the last in the series , but pre-production did not start until September 2011 , when John Moore was officially announced as the director . Filming began in April 2012 , primarily in Budapest , Hungary . A Good Day to Die Hard premiered in Los Angeles on January 31 , 2013 , coinciding with the unveiling of a Die Hard mural at the Fox Lot , and was released in certain East and Southeast Asian countries on February 7 and in the United States and Canada on February 13 . It is the first Die Hard film to use Dolby Atmos Surround Mixing and the first to also be released in IMAX theaters . Unlike the previous films , A Good Day to Die Hard was a critical failure , receiving overwhelmingly negative reviews which cited implausible action sequences , a cliched script , a weak plot , Moore 's direction , and a lack of characterization , although the special effects were praised . It is the first film produced by TSG Entertainment , since distributor 20th Century Fox 's departure from Dune Entertainment upon the completion of their distribution contract at the end of 2012 . A sequel entitled Die Hard : Year One was confirmed to be in works while also intended to be an origin story of John McClane . ", "Die Hard is a 1988 American action film directed by John McTiernan and written by Steven E. de Souza and Jeb Stuart . It follows off-duty New York City Police Department officer John McClane -LRB- Bruce Willis -RRB- as he takes on a group of highly organized criminals led by Hans Gruber -LRB- Alan Rickman -RRB- , who perform a heist in a Los Angeles skyscraper under the guise of a terrorist attack using hostages , including McClane 's wife Holly -LRB- Bonnie Bedelia -RRB- , to keep the police at bay . It is based on Roderick Thorp 's 1979 novel Nothing Lasts Forever , the sequel to 1966 's The Detective , which was adapted into a 1968 film of the same name that starred Frank Sinatra . Fox was therefore contractually obligated to offer Sinatra the lead role in Die Hard , but he turned it down . The studio then pitched the film to Arnold Schwarzenegger as a sequel to his 1985 action film Commando ; he turned it down , as well , and the studio finally and reluctantly gave it to Willis , then known primarily as a comedic television actor . Made for $ 28 million , Die Hard grossed over $ 140 million theatrically worldwide , and was given a positive reception from critics . The film turned Willis into an action star , became a metonym for an action film in which a lone hero fights overwhelming odds , and has been named one of the best action movies ever made . The film also ranks # 29 on Empires 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time . The film 's success spawned the Die Hard franchise , which includes four sequels -LRB- Die Hard 2 , Die Hard with a Vengeance , Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard -RRB- , video games , and a comic book . ", "Live Free or Die Hard -LRB- released as Die Hard 4.0 outside North America -RRB- is a 2007 American action film , and the fourth installment in the Die Hard film series . The film was directed by Len Wiseman and stars Bruce Willis as John McClane . The film 's name was adapted from New Hampshire 's state motto , `` Live Free or Die '' . McClane is attempting to stop cyber terrorists who hack into government and commercial computers across the United States with the goal to start a `` fire sale '' of financial assets . The film was based on the 1997 article `` A Farewell to Arms '' written for Wired magazine by John Carlin . The film was released in the United States on June 27 , 2007 . The project was initially stalled due to the 9/11 terrorist attacks , and when production eventually began , the film 's title was changed several times . A variety of visual effects were used for action sequences , even though Wiseman and Willis stated that they wanted to limit the amount of CGI in the film . In separate incidents during filming , both Willis and his stunt double were injured . Unlike the prior three films in the series , the U.S. rating was PG-13 rather than R . An unrated version contained more strong profanity and violence not shown in the theatrical version , and was included in the DVD release . Reviews were positive with an 82 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 69/100 score from Metacritic . The film earned total international box office gross receipts of $ 383.4 million , making it the highest-grossing film in the Die Hard series . It debuted at # 2 at the U.S. box office . For the DVD release , 20th Century Fox pioneered a new kind of DRM , Digital Copy protection that tries to weaken the incentives for consumers to learn how to rip discs by offering them a downloadable version with studio-imposed restrictions . The score for the film was released on July 2 , 2007 . The fifth film in the series , titled A Good Day to Die Hard , was released on February 14 , 2013 . ", "Lie-in may refer to Die-in , a form of protest Duvet day , an unplanned day off work ", "For the place in Yuba County , see Honkut , California ; for the former town , see Phillips Corner , California . Honcut -LRB- formerly , Moores Station -RRB- is a census-designated place in Butte County , California . It lies at an elevation of 108 feet -LRB- 33 m -RRB- . Lower Honcut Rd. links the community to California State Route 70 . Honcut is near the Yuba County line . Honcut 's post office was established in 1856 and moved back and forth several times between Butte and Yuba Counties , before being closed for good in 1943 . Moores Station -LRB- named for John C. Moore , first postmaster -RRB- post office was opened in 1869 , closed in 1875 , reopened in 1876 , and closed for good in 1892 . Honcut 's population was 370 at the 2010 census . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Bonobo", "Julius_-LRB-chimpanzee-RRB-", "Wimbledon_Common", "Petites_Chutes_de_la_Lukaya", "Ham_Common,_London" ]

[ "The bonobo -LRB- -LSB- bə.ˈnoʊ.boʊ -RSB- or -LSB- ˈbɒ.nə.boʊ -RSB- Pan paniscus -RRB- , formerly called the pygmy chimpanzee and less often , the dwarf or gracile chimpanzee , is an endangered great ape and one of the two species making up the genus Pan ; the other is Pan troglodytes , or the common chimpanzee . Although the name `` chimpanzee '' is sometimes used to refer to both species together , it is usually understood as referring to the common chimpanzee , whereas Pan paniscus is usually referred to as the bonobo . The bonobo is distinguished by relatively long legs , pink lips , dark face and tail-tuft through adulthood , and parted long hair on its head . The bonobo is found in a 500000 km2 area of the Congo Basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo , Central Africa . The species is omnivorous and inhabits primary and secondary forests , including seasonally inundated swamp forests . Political instability in the region and the timidity of bonobos has meant there has been relatively little field work done observing the species in its natural habitat . Along with the common chimpanzee , the bonobo is the closest extant relative to humans . Because the two species are not proficient swimmers , the formation of the Congo River 1.5 -- 2 million years ago possibly led to the speciation of the bonobo . Bonobos live south of the river , and thereby were separated from the ancestors of the common chimpanzee , which live north of the river . There is no concrete data on population numbers , but the estimate is between 29,500 and 50,000 individuals . The species is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is threatened by habitat destruction and human population growth and movement , though commercial poaching is the most prominent threat . They typically live 40 years in captivity ; their lifespan in the wild is unknown . As of June 2016 a total of 119 live in zoos across Europe ; 65 distributed between six different German zoos , and a further 54 in zoos in Belgium , France , the Netherlands and England . ", "Julius -LRB- born 26 December 1979 -RRB- is a chimpanzee at Kristiansand Zoo and Amusement Park in Norway . As a baby Julius was rejected by his mother , and was eventually adopted by the family of Edvard Moseid , the director of the zoo . The baby chimpanzee became the subject of a children 's documentary on the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation in 1981 , and was soon the park 's most popular attraction . As Julius grew older and became more aggressive , attempts were made to reintegrate him with the flock . First attempts were unsuccessful , and Julius had to be isolated . After various attempts at mating , he had the sons Julius jr. in 2003 and Linus in 2005 , with two different females . In 2005 , the leader of the zoo 's chimpanzee group died and Julius was once more admitted with the others , this time taking over leadership of the group . ", "Wimbledon Common is a large open space in Wimbledon , south-west London , totalling 460 hectares -LRB- 1,140 acres -RRB- . There are three named areas : Wimbledon Common , Putney Heath , and Putney Lower Common , which together are managed under the name Wimbledon and Putney Commons . Putney Lower Common is separated from the rest of the Common by about 1.5 mi of built-up area of southwest Putney . ", "The Petites Chutes de la Lukaya -LRB- French ; `` Small falls of the Lukaya '' -RRB- is a set of small waterfalls on the Lukaya River . They are just south of Kinshasa , the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo . They are perhaps 1 m high . During the colonial era , Jesuits who settled on the Ndjili River in June 1893 at Kimbangu , in what is now Masina , were the first Catholic missionaries in the area . Within a month of arrival they moved away from the unhealthy , swampy conditions that they found at Kimwenza , near the Petites Chutes de la Lukaya . The low waterfalls empty into a small lake with a sandy beach . They are an attraction to tourists who come to swim , or eat at the nearby restaurant . The Lola ya Bonobo sanctuary for endangered bonobos , which is adjacent to the falls , is also of interest to tourists . The sanctuary was founded by Claudine André of the NGO The Friends of Bonobos in Congo , in 1994 , and has been located at the Petites Chutes de la Lukaya since 2002 . ", "Ham Common is an area of common land in Ham , London . It is a conservation area in and managed by the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames . It comprises 48.69 ha , the second largest area of common land in the borough , 2 acres smaller than Barnes Common . It is divided into two distinct habitats , grassland and woodland , separated by the A307 , Upper Ham Road . It is an area of ecological , historical and recreational interest , designated a Local Nature Reserve . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "West_Dean_College", "Lorelai_Gilmore", "Dean_Garnier", "Thomas_Le_Fanu", "P.S._I_Love_You_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "West Dean College is situated in the 6350 acre West Dean Estate , of West Dean near Chichester . The Estate was formerly the home of the poet and patron of the arts , Edward James . He was an avid admirer of the Surrealist movement , and formed one of the largest collections of their works during his lifetime . He inherited West Dean House and the estate after the death of his father , William Dodge James . In 1939 Edward wrote to Aldous Huxley expressing his fear that after the war , certain arts , and particularly the techniques of the craftsmen would be lost . As a solution James suggested that his Estate be set up as an educational community where the techniques of craftsmanship could be preserved and taught , whilst restoring old work and creating new art works . In 1964 James conveyed this Estate including West Dean House to the Edward James Foundation ; in 1971 the Foundation established West Dean College as a centre for the study of conservation , arts , crafts , writing , gardening and music , providing both full-time and short courses . The Sussex Barn Gallery , Tapestry Studio and West Dean Gardens are also located on the Estate . ", "Lorelai Victoria Gilmore is a fictional character in the WB/CW television series Gilmore Girls , portrayed by actress Lauren Graham . She is a key character throughout the series ' seven-year run from October 2000 until May 2007 , and the 2016 revival Gilmore Girls : A Year in the Life . Lorelai is a single mother of a teenage daughter , Rory -LRB- Alexis Bledel -RRB- . The dynamic of single parenthood and the tension between Lorelai and her wealthy parents , Richard -LRB- Edward Herrmann -RRB- and especially her controlling mother , Emily -LRB- Kelly Bishop -RRB- , form the main theme of the series story line . Subplots involve various financial difficulties , love interests and other domestic entanglements for both Lorelai and her daughter Rory . Besides an on-again , off-again relationship with Christopher Hayden , Lorelai 's had a few romantic relationships that included Max Medina -LRB- Scott Cohen -RRB- , a teacher at Chilton to whom she was briefly engaged . Alex Lesman -LRB- Billy Burke -RRB- , an outdoorsy coffee house entrepreneur ; Jason Stiles -LRB- Chris Eigeman -RRB- , a childhood acquaintance , and Luke Danes -LRB- Scott Patterson -RRB- , the owner of Luke 's Diner in Stars Hollow , with whom she always had a strong connection . Over the years , as she frequented Luke 's Diner , they became close friends and eventually fell in love . Luke and Lorelai marry in the `` Fall '' episode of the revival series `` A year in the life '' . Lorelai is often included on lists of top `` TV moms '' . Graham received widespread critical acclaim for her performance and has been nominated for several awards , winning two Teen Choice Awards . She was also nominated for two Screen Actors Guild Awards in 2000 and 2001 and for a Golden Globe Award in 2002 . ", "Dean Garnier may refer to : Thomas Garnier -LRB- dean of Winchester -RRB- -LRB- father -RRB- Thomas Garnier -LRB- Dean of Lincoln -RRB- -LRB- son -RRB- ", "Thomas Philip Le Fanu -LRB- 1784 -- 1845 -RRB- was an Irish Dean in the first half of the 19th century . He was the son of Joseph Le Fanu and Alicia Sheridan , and the father of Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu . He married Emma Lucretia Dobbin . He was Dean of Emly from 1826 to 1845 . Prior to this position , he was chaplain at the Royal Hibernian Military School in Phoenix Park , Dublin . ", "P.S. I Love You is a 2007 American drama film directed by Richard LaGravenese . The screenplay by LaGravenese and Steven Rogers is based on the 2004 novel of the same name by Cecelia Ahern . It stars Hilary Swank , Gerard Butler , Lisa Kudrow , Gina Gershon , James Marsters , Harry Connick Jr. and Jeffrey Dean Morgan . It was distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures and Momentum Pictures . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Milk_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Beverley_Palesa_Ditsie", "Equality_Matters", "Jean_Harris_-LRB-activist-RRB-", "Community_Action_Against_Homophobia" ]

[ "Milk is a 2008 American biographical film based on the life of gay rights activist and politician Harvey Milk , who was the first openly gay person to be elected to public office in California , as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors . Directed by Gus Van Sant and written by Dustin Lance Black , the film stars Sean Penn as Milk and Josh Brolin as Dan White , a city supervisor who assassinated Milk and Mayor George Moscone . The film was released to much acclaim and earned numerous accolades from film critics and guilds . Ultimately , it received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , winning two for Best Actor in a Leading Role for Penn and Best Original Screenplay for Black . Attempts to put Milk 's life to film followed a 1984 documentary of his life and the aftermath of his assassination , titled The Times of Harvey Milk , which was loosely based upon Randy Shilts 's biography , The Mayor of Castro Street -LRB- the film won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for 1984 , and was awarded Special Jury Prize at the first Sundance Film Festival , among other awards -RRB- . Various scripts were considered in the early 1990s , but projects fell through for different reasons , until 2007 . Much of Milk was filmed on Castro Street and other locations in San Francisco , including Milk 's former storefront , Castro Camera . Milk begins on Harvey Milk 's 40th birthday -LRB- in 1970 -RRB- , when he was living in New York City and had not yet settled in San Francisco . It chronicles his foray into city politics , and the various battles he waged in the Castro neighborhood as well as throughout the city , and political campaigns to limit the rights of gay people in 1977 and 1978 run by Anita Bryant and John Briggs . His romantic and political relationships are also addressed , as is his tenuous affiliation with troubled Supervisor Dan White ; the film ends with White 's double homicide of Milk and Mayor George Moscone . The film 's release was tied to the 2008 California voter referendum on gay marriage , Proposition 8 , when it made its premiere at the Castro Theatre two weeks before election day . ", "Beverley Palesa Ditsie -LRB- born 1971 -RRB- is a lesbian activist and filmmaker . Ditsie is one of the founders of the gay rights organization , Gay and Lesbian Organisation of the Witwatersrand -LRB- GLOW -RRB- . She is also the first person to address the United Nations regarding LGBT issues . ", "Equality Matters is a media and communications initiative in support of LGBT rights in the United States . According to its website , Equality Matters is a partner organization with Media Matters for America , a progressive media watchdog group . Richard Socarides , longtime LGBT rights activist and former senior advisor to President Bill Clinton on gay civil rights issues , served as president of Equality Matters from its founding , and Kerry Eleveld , journalist for The Advocate , served as editor beginning in 2011 . Both announced their departure from the organization in November 2011 . ", "Jean Harris -LRB- October 24 , 1944 -- June 25 , 2011 -RRB- , born Kathie Jean Harris , was an American Democratic and LGBT rights activist . Harris was raised in Long Beach California and gained a degree from California State University , Long Beach and then undertook post-graduate work at San Francisco State University . After a divorce Harris moved to Santa Cruz , California before returning to San Francisco in the mid 1980s . A longtime force in San Francisco politics , Harris served as chief of staff to former San Francisco Supervisor Harry Britt , who was appointed to the board in 1978 following the assassination of Supervisor Harvey Milk . Harris was heavily involved in both LGBT and democratic politics and lived the view that exercising the right to vote in democracy constituted the fundamental power to create political progressive change in the United States . As such , Harris 's campaigns emphasized grass roots organizing and `` get out the vote '' strategies . Along with campaign co-chair Melinda Paras , Jean led the first successful campaign for lesbian and gay domestic partnership rights in the United States . The ballot measure , which was known as Proposition K , passed in 1990 . A recall campaign was also opposed by Harris and soundly rejected the next year . WIth legal help from prominent LGBT attorney Matt Coles , Harris and Paras purposefully structured domestic partnership to mirror the legal responsibilities for marriage in order to demonstrate that there was no difference between the institution of marriage and domestic partnership other than a separate but equal limitation . Jean also served as the chair of the California Democratic Party 's Lesbian and Gay Caucus and as the president of the Harvey Milk Lesbian , Gay , Bisexual , Transgender Democratic Club . She then went on to the post of deputy mayor under Frank Jordan when he took office in 1992 and subsequently served as the Deputy Director of the San Francisco Health Department . Harris was heavily involved in LGBT causes , including strategizing the campaigns of numerous LGBT California candidates -LRB- including Carole Migden -RRB- and serving as the founding director of Basic Rights Oregon . In that position she helped organize the defeat of a 2000 ballot initiative that would have barred schools from '' ` encouraging , promoting or sanctioning ' homosexual or bisexual behaviors '' . Following her time in Oregon , Harris returned to California to assume the executive directorship of the California Alliance for Pride and Equality , today known as Equality California . During her tenure she worked to secure passage of a 2001 law to secure for same-sex domestic partners many of the rights formerly reserved to married couples . Harris campaigned for Howard Dean during his unsuccessful 2004 bid for the Democratic presidential nomination . Harris died at her home in Palm Springs , California on June 25 , 2011 . ", "Community Action Against Homophobia -LRB- CAAH -RRB- is a community activist organisation based in Sydney , Australia . Since its establishment in 1999 , CAAH has aimed to eliminate homophobia and achieve full equality for queer people -- defined as `` lesbian , gay , bisexual , same sex attracted , transgender , intersex or non-heterosexually identifying '' in the CAAH constitution . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Inauguration_of_Woodrow_Wilson", "Justanids", "Radio_Golf", "Preparedness_Movement", "Sidi_Megdoul" ]

[ "Inauguration of Woodrow Wilson may refer to : First inauguration of Woodrow Wilson , 1913 Second inauguration of Woodrow Wilson , 1917 ", "The Justanids or Jostanids were the rulers of a part of Daylam -LRB- the mountainous district of Gilan -RRB- from 791 to the late 11th-century . ", "Radio Golf is a play by American playwright , August Wilson , the final installment in his ten-part series , The Century Cycle . It was first performed in 2005 by the Yale Repertory Theatre in New Haven , Connecticut and had its Broadway premiere in 2007 at the Cort Theatre . It is Wilson 's final work . ", "The Preparedness Movement , also referred to as the Preparedness Controversy , was a campaign led by Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt to strengthen the military of the United States after the outbreak of World War I.Roosevelt wrote two books , America and the World War , and Fear God and Take Your Own Part to popularize the movement . Wood advocated a summer training school for reserve officers to be held in Plattsburg , New York . The movement was originally opposed by President Woodrow Wilson , who believed the United States should be in a position of neutrality in order to broker a compromise peace in Europe . Several organizations were formed around the Preparedness Movement and held parades and organized opposition to Wilson 's policies . After the Lusitania was sunk by German U-boats on May 7 , 1915 and Pancho Villa launched his raid against Columbus , New Mexico , Wilson 's attitude changed . Congress passed the National Defense Act of 1916 in June 1916 to authorize an increase in the size of the army from 100,000 men in 1916 to 200,000 on active duty and 400,000 in the National Guard , by 1921 . It also padded a large long-term increase in the navy . ", "Sidi Mogdoul was a Moroccan Wali and religious leader who lived in the 11th-century . He was buried in Essaouira . Sidi Megdoul came from the noble Berber tribe of Regraga , and was credited with renewing the Ribat of Sidi Chiker . From his base in Essaouira , he fought the Berghwata confederacy and later allied with the Almoravids and participated in the propagation of their Da ` wa . The saint also gave his name to the nearby lighthouse , 17 meter high , named the Sidi Mogdoul lighthouse . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Volkswagen_Group", "Soundaktor", "W16_engine", "2003_Formula_Volkswagen_Germany_season", "Bombardier_Guided_Light_Transit" ]

[ "Volkswagen AG -LRB- -LSB- ˈfɔlksˌvaːgən -RSB- -RRB- , known internationally as Volkswagen Group , is a German multinational automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Wolfsburg , Lower Saxony , Germany . It designs , manufactures and distributes passenger and commercial vehicles , motorcycles , engines , and turbomachinery and offers related services including financing , leasing and fleet management . In 2016 , it was the world 's largest automaker , overtaking Toyota , but in 2017 , it is the world 's second largest automaker -LRB- behind Toyota -RRB- . It has maintained the largest market share in Europe for over two decades . It ranked seventh in the 2016 Fortune Global 500 list of the world 's largest companies . Volkswagen Group sells passenger cars under the Audi , Bentley , Bugatti , Lamborghini , Porsche , SEAT , Škoda and Volkswagen marques ; motorcycles under the Ducati brand ; and commercial vehicles under the marques MAN , Scania , and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles . It is divided into two primary divisions , the Automotive Division and the Financial Services Division , and has approximately 340 subsidiary companies . VW also has two major joint-ventures in China -LRB- FAW-Volkswagen and SAIC Volkswagen -RRB- . The company has operations in approximately 150 countries and operates 100 production facilities across 27 countries . Volkswagen was founded in 1937 to manufacture the car which would become known as the Beetle . The company 's production grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s , and in 1965 it acquired Auto Union , which subsequently produced the first post-war Audi models . Volkswagen launched a new generation of front-wheel drive vehicles in the 1970s , including the Passat , Polo and Golf ; the latter became its bestseller . Volkswagen acquired a controlling stake in SEAT in 1986 , making it the first non-German marque of the company , and acquired control of Škoda in 1994 , of Bentley , Lamborghini and Bugatti in 1998 , Scania in 2008 and of Ducati , MAN and Porsche in 2012 . The company 's operations in China have grown rapidly in the past decade with the country becoming its largest market . Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft is a public company and has a primary listing on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange , where it is a constituent of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index , and secondary listings on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange , SIX Swiss Exchange . It has been traded in the United States via American depositary receipts since 1988 , currently on the OTC Marketplace . Volkswagen delisted from the London Stock Exchange in 2013 . The state of Lower Saxony holds 12.7 % of the company 's shares , granting it 20 % of the voting rights . Volkswagen held a 19.9 % non-controlling shareholding in Suzuki between 2009 and 2015 . An international arbitration court ordered Volkswagen to sell the stake back to Suzuki . Suzuki paid $ 3.8 bn to complete the stock buy-back just hours prior to a major scandal about emissions violations engulfing Volkswagen . ", "Soundaktor -LRB- German for `` sound actuator '' -RRB- is a vehicle audio system used to simulate engine noise in the cabin of some Volkswagen automobiles . It consists of a speaker mounted on the firewall between the engine and the cabin , which adds noise to the cabin in order to replicate the driving experience of older vehicles that had lower levels of sound insulation . This system was introduced in 2011 on VW 's Golf/GTI , and has also been used on the Jetta/GLI , and Beetle Turbo . The same technology has also been used in other cars from Volkswagen Group , including the Audi S3 and Škoda Octavia vRS . The sound generated by this device has been described as `` a sort of buzzy , fizzy noise '' . It has been reported to play a digital recording of engine noise , but Volkswagen claims that these reports are false , and that it reproduces the actual engine noise of the car . Some diesel cars produced by the Volkswagen Group also an `` exhaust soundaktor '' . This system uses additional speakers in the exhaust system of the car to generate `` a low-pitched , roaring sound '' intended to make the car sound less like a diesel and more like a conventional gasoline engine . Other vehicle manufacturers have also used artificial engine noise systems , implemented in other ways . Some models of the BMW M5 add noise to the car 's audio system , for instance , and the 2015 Ford Mustang also added a system for sending the car 's engine noise through its speakers . Multiple manufacturers have shaped the engine compartment or installed resonant pipes within it in order to direct greater amounts of actual engine noise to the cabin , a system also used by VW before switching to Soundaktor . ", "A W16 engine is a sixteen cylinder piston internal combustion engine in a four-bank W configuration . All W16 engines consist of two ` offset double-row ' banks of eight cylinders , coupled to a single crankshaft . Volkswagen Group is the only automotive manufacturer currently producing W16 engines . Volkswagen Group 's design is a stretched form of its W12 engine , which is itself based on technology from its VR6 engine . The W16 engine was introduced with the Bentley Hunaudieres concept car , a mid-engined sports car , which was never intended for production -LRB- Bentley Motors Limited has been a Volkswagen Group holding since 1998 -RRB- . This W16 was later used in the Audi Rosemeyer concept car , and is also used in the Bugatti Veyron . ", "The 2003 Formula Volkswagen Germany supported by ZF Sachs was the inaugural season of the Formula Volkswagen Germany . All drivers competed in Volkswagen powered , Dunlop shod Reynard chassis . ", "Guided Light Transit -LRB- GLT , Transport sur Voie Réservée or TVR -RRB- is a public transport system manufactured by Bombardier Transportation and used in the French cities of Nancy and Caen . The Caen system is being abandoned and will revert to conventional light rail by 2019 Both of the systems in these cities are referred to as `` tramways on tyres '' , and in common with tram systems they use a surface guidance system and in normal operation are powered by electricity drawn from an overhead wire . However , while the vehicles are guided by a central guidance rail , they ride on rubber tyres , not on rails . There has been disagreement about whether they should be called `` trams '' , for that reason and also because they are capable of being steered and operating independently of the guidance rail , using auxiliary diesel engines . GLT is effectively a model of guided dual-mode bus , but when GLT vehicles use a pantograph to collect current , as do those in Caen , they are not commonly considered to be trolleybuses . English transport publications generally refer to the GLT and the competing Translohr system as `` rubber-tyred tramways '' , but rarely simply as `` tramways '' , as they are not tramways in the conventional sense , but neither are they buses when pantograph-equipped and operating in service as designed -LRB- i.e. in electric mode -RRB- . GLT is one of the few models -LRB- together with the Innovia APM -RRB- of rubber-tyred vehicles produced by Bombardier 's transport division , which is otherwise focused on rail transport . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 1 ]

[ "Alexandria", "United_States_energy_independence", "Becker–DeGroot–Marschak_method", "Patriarch_Peter_V_of_Alexandria", "Artapanus_of_Alexandria" ]

[ "Alexandria -LRB- -LSB- ˌælɪɡˈzændriə -RSB- or -LSB- ˌælɪɡˈzɑːndriə -RSB- Arabic : الإسكندرية ; اسكندرية ; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ , Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ -RRB- is the second largest city and a major economic centre in Egypt , extending about 32 km along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country . Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels . Alexandria is Egypt 's largest seaport , serving approximately 80 % of Egypt 's imports and exports . It is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez . Alexandria is also an important tourist destination . Alexandria was founded around a small Ancient Egyptian town c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great . It became an important center of the Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Hellenistic and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1000 years until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641 , when a new capital was founded at Fustat -LRB- later absorbed into Cairo -RRB- . Hellenistic Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria -LRB- Pharos -RRB- , one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ; its Great Library -LRB- the largest in the ancient world ; now replaced by a modern one -RRB- ; and the Necropolis , one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages . Alexandria was the second most powerful city of the ancient world after Rome . Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria , which began in 1994 , is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander , when a city named Rhacotis existed there , and during the Ptolemaic dynasty . From the late 18th century , Alexandria became a major center of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centers in the world , both because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea , and the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton . ", "U.S. energy independence relates to the goal of reducing the United States imports of petroleum and other foreign sources of energy . Energy independence is espoused by those who want to leave the U.S. unaffected by global energy supply disruptions , and to restrict reliance upon politically unstable states for its energy security . Energy independence is highly concerned with oil , the source of the country 's principal transport fuels . In total energy , the U.S. was over 61 % self-sufficient in 2013 . In May 2011 , the country became a net exporter of refined petroleum products . As of 2014 , the United States was the world 's third-largest producer of crude oil , after Saudi Arabia and Russia . and second largest exporter of refined products , after Russia . As of March 2015 , 85 % of crude oil imports came from -LRB- in decreasing volume -RRB- : Canada , Saudi Arabia , Mexico , Venezuela , and Colombia . 19 % of imported oil comes from the Middle East . The fraction of crude oil consumed in the U.S. that was imported went from 35 % immediately before the 1973 oil crisis , peaked at 60 % in 2005 , and then returned to 35 % by 2013 thanks to increased domestic production from the shale oil boom . Exports of crude oil have been illegal without a permit since the 1970s ; in 2013 , the United States physically exported a relatively small amount of oil , and only to Canada . Greater energy self-sufficiency , it was claimed , would prevent major supply disruptions like the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis from recurring . Proponents argue that the potential for political unrest in major oil suppliers , such as Saudi Arabia , Venezuela , and Nigeria -RRB- , is abundant , and often causes great fluctuations in crude oil prices -LRB- especially in the short-term -RRB- . Large individual pipelines and other fuel infrastructure and extraction projects are controversial issues in American politics . ", "The Becker -- DeGroot -- Marschak method -LRB- BDM -RRB- , named after Gordon M. Becker , Morris H. DeGroot and Jacob Marschak for the 1964 Behavioral Science paper , `` Measuring Utility by a Single-Response Sequential Method '' is an incentive-compatible procedure used in experimental economics to measure willingness to pay -LRB- WTP -RRB- . Today there are several variations of the BDM methodology . In one common way , the subject formulates a bid . The bid is compared to a price determined by a random number generator . If the subject 's bid is greater than the price , he or she pays the price and receives the item being auctioned . If the subject 's bid is lower than the price , he or she pays nothing and receives nothing . In another common method , the subject is presented with a series of sequentially increasing or random-order monetary amounts . They must decide if they would prefer to have that amount of money or the item at hand . Then , one of these numbers is chosen either specifically by the experimenter or is randomly generated . If the chosen number is less than the amount of money at which the subject stated they would prefer the item , the subject must purchase the item . From the subject 's perspective , the method is equivalent to a Vickrey auction against an unknown bidder . BDM 's incentive compatibility relies on similar arguments to that of the Vickrey auction . There are some theoretical objections to the idea that the BDM is truly incentive-compatible , but it remains widely used . The BDM method is most widely used in experimental economics , but has also been used in the domains of agriculture and marketing . An early attempt at a BDM-type method was by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe . In 1797 he asked a publisher how much he would be willing to pay for his new poem Hermann and Dorothea and revealed that he had sent a sealed letter to his lawyer with a reserve amount . If the publisher 's stated amount was greater than the reserve , the publisher just paid the reserve amount . Otherwise , the publisher did not receive the poem . Unfortunately , Goethe 's lawyer divulged the reserve amount to the publisher so that the publisher 's true willingness to pay was not revealed . ", "Peter V served as Greek Patriarch of Alexandria sometime between the 7th and 8th centuries -LRB- exact dates are not known -RRB- . ", "Artapanus of Alexandria -LRB- Gk . Ἀρτάπανος ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς -RRB- was a historian , of Jewish origin , who is believed to have lived in Alexandria , during the later half of the 3rd or 2nd century BCE . Although most scholars assume Artapanus lived in Alexandria , others argue he resided in the countryside . Regardless , Artapanus lived in Egypt . Artapanus wrote Concerning The Jews , a history of the Jews , in Greek between 250 and 100 BCE , but this text has not survived to the present . Artapanus 's writings may be interpreted as a response to those such as Manetho writing as early as the 3rd century BCE ; therefore , Artapanus most likely wrote no earlier than the middle of the 3rd century . It is arguable that Artapanus wrote in the second half of the 3rd century BCE under the influence of Ptolemy IV Philopator 's reign between 221 and 204 BCE ; however , Alexander Polyhistor 's citation of Artapanus in the middle of the 1st century BCE makes it likely that Artapanus wrote no later than the end of the 2nd century BCE . Polyhistor 's writings have not survived to the present . Parts of Polyhistor 's work have been preserved in the books of two later historians : Eusebius of Caesarea in Præparatio Evangelica ix . 18 , 23 , 27 Clement of Alexandria in Stromata i. 23 , 154 " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 0, 2 ]

[ "Antigua_and_Barbuda", "All_Saints,_Antigua_and_Barbuda", "Order_of_Merit_-LRB-Antigua_and_Barbuda-RRB-", "Keith_Thom", "Francisco_de_Garay" ]

[ "Antigua and Barbuda -LRB- -LSB- ænˈtiːɡə_ənd_bɑːrˈbjuːdə -RSB- ;-RRB- is a twin-island country in the Americas , lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean . It consists of two major inhabited islands , Antigua and Barbuda , and a number of smaller islands -LRB- including Great Bird , Green , Guinea , Long , Maiden and York Islands and further south , the island of Redonda -RRB- . The permanent population numbers about 81,800 -LRB- at the 2011 Census -RRB- and the capital and largest port and city is St. John 's , on Antigua . Separated by a few nautical miles , Antigua and Barbuda are in the middle of the Leeward Islands , part of the Lesser Antilles , roughly at 17 ° N of the equator . The country 's name was given by Christopher Columbus in 1493 after discovering the island , in honor of the Virgin of La Antigua in the Seville Cathedral . The country is nicknamed `` Land of 365 Beaches '' due to the many beaches surrounding the islands . Its governance , language , and culture have all been strongly influenced by the British Empire , of which the country was formerly a part . ", "All Saints is the second largest town in Antigua and Barbuda , with a population of 3,412 . It is located in the middle of Antigua , at . Just 5 miles SE of here is the capital , St. John 's . Within the vicinity of the town is Betty 's Hope , the first large-scale sugarcane plantation in Antigua . Betty 's Hope was built in 1674 by Sir Christopher Codrington , the namesake of Codrington , and was named for his daughter , Elizabeth Codrington . The only remaining structures are two stone sugar mills and the remains of the stillhouse , though its important role in Antigua 's history has inspired its government to turn it into an open-air museum . The area around All Saints is known for its traditional pottery . Potter 's Village , a nearby settlement , is named after it . ", "The Most Illustrious Order of Merit is an Antiguan and Barbudan order of merit recognising meritorious service to Antigua and Barbuda , the Caricom region or the international community . It was established and constituted by the Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda under the National Honours Act 1998 . which received Royal Assent from the Governor General of Antigua and Barbuda on 31 December 1998 . ", "Keith Thom is a Guyanese lawyer who has been a judge in Antigua and Barbuda and on the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court . Thom earned a bachelor of law degree at the University of the West Indies in Barbados . He worked in a private legal practice in Georgetown , Guyana for two years and in 1993 emigrated to Antigua and Barbuda to become the Director of Public Prosecutions . He held this position until being appointed a magistrate for Antigua and Barbuda in 2003 . In 2012 , the Judicial and Legal Services Commission of the Caribbean Community appointed Thom as an Acting High Court Judge on the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court ; he was assigned to live in and hear cases from Antigua and Barbuda . Thom 's wife Gertel Thom has been a High Court Judge on the same court since 2005 , having been appointed to reside in and hear cases from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines . ", "Francisco de Garay -LRB- Sopuerta , Biscay , 1475 - died 1523 -RRB- was a Spanish Basque conquistador . He was a companion to Christopher Columbus on his second voyage to the New World and arrived in Hispaniola in 1493 . Here he attracted attention when he encountered a large gold nugget worth four thousand pesos . In 1496 , Miguel Diaz and Francisco de Garay found gold nuggets along the Haina River . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Joy_of_Painting", "Eye_Guess", "O'Kennedy_Park", "Contest_Show", "The_Narrow_Trail" ]

[ "The Joy of Painting is an American half-hour instructional television show hosted by painter Bob Ross which ran from January 11 , 1983 , until May 17 , 1994 . In each episode , Ross taught techniques for landscape oil painting , completing a painting in each session . The program followed the same format as its predecessor , The Magic of Oil Painting , hosted by Ross 's mentor Bill Alexander . ", "Eye Guess is an American game show created by Bob Stewart and hosted by Bill Cullen , which aired on NBC from January 3 , 1966 to September 26 , 1969 . The game combined a general knowledge quiz with a Concentration-style memory element , where the answers were shown to the players and their recall of their positions was tested . This was the first game show by Bob Stewart Productions . Stewart , a former producer for Goodson-Todman Productions , created this series and packaged it with Filmways . Don Pardo announced for the first year , after which Jack Clark replaced him for the rest of the run . The show used the Al Hirt tune `` Sugar Lips '' as its theme song . ", "O'Kennedy Park is a GAA stadium in New Ross , County Wexford , Ireland . It is the main ground of Geraldine O'Hanrahan 's 's Gaelic football and hurling teams and has also hosted inter-county fixtures . ", "The Contest Show with Jeff & Pat is a call-in radio game show hosted by Jeff Zukauckas and Pat Butler . The Contest Show was usually heard Saturdays on Newsradio WTAM 1100 in Cleveland , Ohio . The program 's time slot and duration varied week-to-week , to accommodate Indians , Cavaliers , or Browns coverage . `` The Prize Guys '' hosted the show since 2004 , and gave away over $ 50,000 in prizes . The show originally ended during January 2010 . The show resumed in December 2013 . ", "The Narrow Trail is a 1917 American silent western film directed by Lambert Hillyer and William S. Hart and written by William S. Hart and Harvey F. Thew . The film stars William S. Hart , Sylvia Breamer , Milton Ross , and Bob Kortman . The film was released on December 30 , 1917 , by Paramount Pictures . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Yvonne_Strahovski", "Susan_Campos", "The_Astronaut_Wives_Club", "The_Joey_Bishop_Show", "Yvonne_Cormeau" ]

[ "Yvonne Jaqueline Strzechowski -LRB- born 30 July 1982 -RRB- , known professionally as Yvonne Strahovski -LRB- -LSB- strəˈhɒvski -RSB- -RRB- , is an Australian actress . She is best known for her roles as CIA Agent Sarah Walker in the NBC series Chuck -LRB- 2007 -- 2012 -RRB- , Hannah McKay in the Showtime series Dexter -LRB- 2012 -- 2013 -RRB- and CIA Agent Kate Morgan in the Fox limited event television series 24 : Live Another Day -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Strahovski 's other notable works include Lego : The Adventures of Clutch Powers -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Killer Elite -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , I , Frankenstein -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , The Astronaut Wives Club -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and Manhattan Night -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . She has also voiced Miranda Lawson in the Mass Effect video game series and Batwoman in the animated film Batman : Bad Blood -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . ", "Susan Campos worked in television news , as a reporter/anchor in local news at KABC-TV in Los Angeles . She then landed a job as an anchor at NBC on the national weekend Today Show , hosted entertainment shows for MSNBC , and CNN . ", "The Astronaut Wives Club is an American period drama television series developed by Stephanie Savage for ABC . It is based on Lily Koppel 's book of the same name . The series tells the story of the wives of the Mercury Seven -- America 's first group of astronauts . Actresses Dominique McElligott , Yvonne Strahovski , Joanna García Swisher , Erin Cummings , Azure Parsons , Zoe Boyle , and Odette Annable play the roles of the astronauts ' wives . The Astronaut Wives Club premiered on June 18 , 2015 . Following the completion of its run , the series ' developer noted the series had been planned as a mini-series , telling a complete story . However , co-creator Stephanie Savage revealed in an interview with Variety that the producers were interested in making the series an anthology in case it gained a renewal for a second season . Possible seasons would have featured wives of men in the 1920s , wives of World War II soldiers , wives of men who work on Wall Street , and wives of men in the 1980s , among other possible scenarios . ", "The Joey Bishop Show is the title of the following shows which starred American comic actor Joey Bishop : The Joey Bishop Show -LRB- sitcom -RRB- , American situation comedy , broadcast by NBC -LRB- 1961 -- 1964 -RRB- and CBS -LRB- 1964 -- 1965 -RRB- The Joey Bishop Show -LRB- talk show -RRB- , American TV program presented on ABC 's nighttime schedule -LRB- 11:30 -- 1 -RRB- from April 1967 to December 1969 ", "Yvonne Cormeau , born Beatrice Yvonne Biesterfeld -LRB- 18 December 1909 , Shanghai , China -- 25 December 1997 , Fleet , Hampshire , England -RRB- was a heroine of the Special Operations Executive -LRB- SOE -RRB- during the Second World War who was the second female radio operator to be sent to France and who talked her way out of arrest by pretending her wireless was an X-ray machine . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Andrea_Pirlo", "Todd_Harkins", "Virgil_Johnson", "Shane_Harper_-LRB-ice_hockey-RRB-", "Robert_Boeser" ]

[ "Andrea Pirlo , Ufficiale OMRI -LRB- born 19 May 1979 -RRB- is an Italian professional footballer who plays for American club New York City FC and the Italy national team . Pirlo is usually deployed as a deep-lying playmaker in midfield for both his club and national sides , and he is widely regarded as one of the greatest ever exponents of this position , due to his vision , ball control , creativity and passing ability ; he is also a free-kick specialist . Pirlo began his club career as an attacking midfielder with his home-town side Brescia , where he later helped the team to win the Serie B title and obtain Serie A promotion in 1997 . His promising performances led to a move to Internazionale in 1998 , but he struggled to gain playing time at his new club , due to his lack of pace , as well as heavy competition with other players in his position , and was subsequently sent on loan in 1999 . Despite successful spells with Reggina , and Brescia once again , Pirlo was still unable to break into Inter 's starting line-up , and was sold to cross-city rivals Milan in 2001 . At Milan , manager Carlo Ancelotti decided to shift Pirlo in front of the defence as a deep-lying playmaker , which allowed him more time on the ball to orchestrate his team 's attacks . Pirlo excelled in his new role , and soon developed into a world-class midfielder , playing a key role in Milan 's subsequent successes , as he won two UEFA Champions Leagues -LRB- 2003 and 2007 -RRB- , two UEFA Super Cups -LRB- 2003 and 2007 -RRB- , two Serie A titles -LRB- 2004 and 2011 -RRB- , a FIFA Club World Cup -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , a Supercoppa Italiana -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , and a Coppa Italia -LRB- 2003 -RRB- with the club . After joining Juventus on a free transfer in 2011 , who had gone trophyless since 2003 , he added four more Serie A titles -LRB- 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , and 2015 -RRB- , which he won consecutively , as well as two Supercoppa Italiana titles -LRB- 2012 and 2013 -RRB- , and a Coppa Italia -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . After playing in Italy for over 20 seasons , Pirlo joined MLS expansion side New York City FC in 2015 , helping the team to reach the playoffs in his second season . At international level , Pirlo is the fourth-most capped player in the history of the Italian national team with 116 caps . He has played for the Italian youth teams at U15 , U18 and U21 level , captaining and leading the latter to victory in the 2000 UEFA European Under-21 Championship as the Golden Player and Top Scorer of the tournament . He joined the Italian senior side in September 2002 and captained the Olympic team to a bronze medal in the 2004 Olympics . Later , he was instrumental in their victory in the 2006 FIFA World Cup . He was named Man of the Match three times , including the final , more than any other player in the tournament , and ultimately won the Bronze Ball -LRB- awarded to the third best player of the tournament -RRB- also being elected to the Team of the Tournament . He was also elected as part of the UEFA Euro 2012 Team of the Tournament , after leading Italy to the final , winning three Man of the Match awards in the process , the most of any player along with Andrés Iniesta . He has also represented the Italian senior side at the 2004 and 2008 UEFA European Championships , the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups , and the 2009 and 2013 FIFA Confederations Cups , finishing third in the latter edition in Brazil , where he was also elected to the Team of the Tournament . Pirlo came in third , second , fourth , and third twice more in the IFFHS World Playmaker of the Year awards in 2006 , 2007 , 2012 , 2013 , and 2015 , respectively . He placed fourth in the 2012 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award , and seventh in the 2015 edition . He placed 7th in the 2007 FIFA World Player , 5th in the 2007 Ballon d'Or and 7th in the 2012 FIFA Ballon d'Or award . He was also named as part of the 2006 FIFPro World XI and the 2012 UEFA Team of the Year . In 2012 , 2013 , and 2014 , Pirlo was also elected as Serie A Footballer of the Year , and was also named as part of the Serie A team of the Year . After helping Juventus to the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final , he was named to the squad of the season . In 2012 , Pirlo was named the eighth best footballer in the World by The Guardian , and in 2013 , Bloomberg ranked him the fifth best player in Europe . In 2015 , France Football rated him as one of the 10 best footballers in the world who are over the age of 36 . ", "Todd Michael Harkins -LRB- born October 8 , 1968 in Cleveland , Ohio -RRB- is a retired American professional ice hockey player who played 48 National Hockey League games for the Calgary Flames and Hartford Whalers . Harkins was drafted by the Flames in the 2nd round , 42nd overall in the 1988 NHL Entry Draft . He has appeared in and consulted on hockey-related movies , and is now an amateur coach and professional scout . ", "Virgil Sylvester Johnson -LRB- March 4 , 1909 in Minneapolis , Minnesota -- September 9 , 1993 -RRB- was an American ice hockey player . Johnson played professionally in the National Hockey League and American Hockey Association . He played for the Chicago Black Hawks winning the Stanley Cup in 1938 . He was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 1974 . ", "Shane Harper -LRB- born February 1 , 1989 -RRB- is an American professional ice hockey player who currently plays under contract to the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League -LRB- NHL -RRB- . ", "Robert Raymond Boeser -LRB- June 30 , 1927 -- October 29 , 1995 -RRB- is an American ice hockey player who competed in ice hockey at the 1948 Winter Olympics . Boeser was a member of the American ice hockey team which played eight games , but was disqualified , at the 1948 Winter Olympics hosted by St. Moritz , Switzerland . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Sweet_Home_Alabama", "Charles_A._Bernier", "Take_Your_Time", "2015_Alabama_State_Hornets_baseball_team", "Sweet_Home_Transylvania" ]

[ "`` Sweet Home Alabama '' is a song by Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd that first appeared in 1974 on their second album , Second Helping . It reached number 8 on the US chart in 1974 and was the band 's second hit single . The song was written in reply to `` Southern Man '' and `` Alabama '' by Neil Young ; Young is name-checked in the song 's lyrics . ", "Charles Arthur `` Yank '' Bernier -LRB- July 21 , 1890 -- June 20 , 1963 -RRB- was an American football , basketball , and baseball player , coach , and college administrator . He served as the head football coach at Hampden -- Sydney College from 1912 to 1916 and again from 1923 to 1938 and at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University from 1917 to 1919 , compiling a career college football record of 86 -- 107 -- 18 . Bernier was also the head basketball coach at Hampden -- Sydney -LRB- 1912 -- 1917 , 1923 -- 1940 -RRB- , Virginia Tech -LRB- 1917 -- 1920 -RRB- , and the University of Alabama -LRB- 1920 -- 1923 -RRB- , amassing a career college basketball record of 242 -- 219 . In addition , he was the head baseball coach at the University of New Hampshire -LRB- 1912 -RRB- , Virginia Tech -LRB- 1918 -- 1920 -RRB- , and Alabama -LRB- 1921 -- 1923 -RRB- , tallying a career college baseball record of 67 -- 65 -- 4 . Bernier also served as the athletic director at Alabama from 1920 to 1923 . Bernier played football , basketball , and baseball at Virginia Tech and Hampden -- Sydney . He died on June 20 , 1963 at his home in Cottondale , Alabama . ", "Take Your Time may refer to : Take Your Time -LRB- album -RRB- , the 1999 final album by American musician Scatman John `` Take Your Time '' , a 1958 Buddy Holly song and the b-side of `` Rave On ! '' covered by the Fray on Listen to Me : Buddy Holly `` Take Your Time '' -LRB- Lynyrd Skynyrd song -RRB- , a 1974 song by Lynyrd Skynyrd and the b-side of `` Sweet Home Alabama '' `` Take Your Time -LRB- Do It Right -RRB- '' , a 1980 song by The S.O.S. Band `` Take Your Time '' , a 1990 song by Mantronix featuring Wondress from Mantronix 's album This Should Move Ya `` Take Your Time '' -LRB- Sam Hunt song -RRB- , a 2014 song by Sam Hunt ", "The 2015 Alabama State Hornets baseball team will represent Alabama State University during the 2015 NCAA Division I baseball season . The Hornets will play their home games at the Wheeler -- Watkins Baseball Complex as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference . They will be led by head coach Mervyl Melendez , in his fourth season at Alabama State . ", "Sweet Home Transylvania is the second studio album by the American New York -- based Heavy Metal band The Bronx Casket Co. , released on October 9 , 2001 . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe", "Weimar", "Caroline_von_Keyserling", "Goethite", "Deutsche_Akademie" ]

[ "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe -LRB- -LSB- ˈgɜːrtə -RSB- -LSB- ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfɡaŋ fɔn ˈɡøːtə -RSB- ; 28 August 1749 -- 22 March 1832 -RRB- was a German writer and statesman . His works include epic and lyric poetry ; prose and verse dramas ; memoirs ; an autobiography ; literary and aesthetic criticism ; treatises on botany , anatomy , and colour ; and four novels . In addition , numerous literary and scientific fragments , more than 10,000 letters , and nearly 3,000 drawings by him exist . A literary celebrity by the age of 25 , Goethe was ennobled by the Duke of Saxe-Weimar , Carl August in 1782 after taking up residence there in November 1775 following the success of his first novel , The Sorrows of Young Werther . He was an early participant in the Sturm und Drang literary movement . During his first ten years in Weimar , Goethe was a member of the Duke 's privy council , sat on the war and highway commissions , oversaw the reopening of silver mines in nearby Ilmenau , and implemented a series of administrative reforms at the University of Jena . He also contributed to the planning of Weimar 's botanical park and the rebuilding of its Ducal Palace , which in 1998 were together designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . His first major scientific work , the Metamorphosis of Plants , was published after he returned from a 1788 tour of Italy . In 1791 , he was made managing director of the theatre at Weimar , and in 1794 he began a friendship with the dramatist , historian , and philosopher Friedrich Schiller , whose plays he premiered until Schiller 's death in 1805 . During this period , Goethe published his second novel , Wilhelm Meister 's Apprenticeship , the verse epic Hermann and Dorothea , and , in 1808 , the first part of his most celebrated drama , Faust . His conversations and various common undertakings throughout the 1790s with Schiller , Johann Gottlieb Fichte , Johann Gottfried Herder , Alexander von Humboldt , Wilhelm von Humboldt , and August and Friedrich Schlegel have , in later years , been collectively termed Weimar Classicism . Arthur Schopenhauer cited Wilhelm Meister 's Apprenticeship as one of the four greatest novels ever written , along with Tristram Shandy , La Nouvelle Héloïse , and Don Quixote , and Ralph Waldo Emerson selected Goethe as one of six `` representative men '' in his work of the same name , along with Plato , Emanuel Swedenborg , Michel de Montaigne , Napoleon , and William Shakespeare . Goethe 's comments and observations form the basis of several biographical works , most notably Johann Peter Eckermann 's Conversations with Goethe . ", "Weimar -LRB- -LSB- ˈvaɪmaɐ -RSB- ; Vimaria or Vinaria -RRB- is a city in the federal state of Thuringia , Germany . It is located between Erfurt in the west and Jena in the east , approximately 80 km southwest of Leipzig , 170 km north of Nuremberg and 170 km west of Dresden . Together with the neighbour-cities Erfurt and Jena it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants , whereas the city itself counts a population of 65,000 . Weimar is well known because of its large cultural heritage and its importance in German history . The city was a focal point of the German Enlightenment and home of the leading characters of the literary genre of Weimar Classicism , the writers Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller . In the 19th century , famous composers like Franz Liszt made a music centre of Weimar and later , artists and architects like Henry van de Velde , Wassily Kandinsky , Paul Klee , Lyonel Feininger and Walter Gropius came to the city and founded the Bauhaus movement , the most important German design school of the interwar period . However , the political history of 20th-century Weimar was inconsistent : it was the place where Germany 's first democratic constitution was signed after the First World War , giving its name to the Weimar Republic period in German politics -LRB- 1918 -- 33 -RRB- , as well as one of the cities mythologized by the National Socialist propaganda . Until 1948 , Weimar was the capital of Thuringia . Today , many places in the city centre have been designated as UNESCO World Heritage sites -LRB- either as part of the Weimar Classicism complex or as part of the Bauhaus complex -RRB- and tourism is one of the leading economic sectors of Weimar . Relevant institutions in Weimar are the Bauhaus University , the Liszt School of Music , the Duchess Anna Amalia Library and two leading courts of Thuringia -LRB- Supreme Administrative Court and Constitutional Court -RRB- . In 1999 , Weimar was the European Capital of Culture . ", "Countess Caroline von Keyserling -LRB- 1727-1791 -RRB- was an Honorary Member of the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin . She was the daughter of Carl Ludwig from the princely House of Waldburg and Countess Sophie Charlotte of Wylich and Lottum . In 1744 , she married Count Gebhardt Johann von Keyserling . In 1763 , she married the nephew of her late spouse , Count Heinrich Christian von Keyserling , the only son and heir of Count Herman Karl von Keyserling . From 1755 , she held a literary salon in her residence , the Schliebensche Palace on the Vorderroßgarten in Königsberg , which became a culture center of East Prussia . Among her guests were Immanuel Kant , Johann Georg Hamann , Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel , philosopher and political scientist Kraus , Professor history and poetry Mangelsdorf , the war and Domänenrat Scheffner ; it was also an aristocratic center , among the guests of that category being the Prince of Hesse-Kassel , the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt , the Russian Grand Duke Paul Petrovich and the future King Frederick William II of Prussia . At her receptions , theater and concerts were performed . She is described as a talented dilettante artist : she painted portraits , scuppered busts , and played several musical instruments . She was an educated autodidact and highly interested in the sciences . From the 1750s onward , she wrote and published various translations , writings and essays in scientific subjects . She was known to be active in this regard , but her works were published anonymously . ", "Goethite -LRB- FeO -LRB- OH -RRB- -RRB- , -LRB- -LSB- pronˈɡɜrtaɪt -RSB- -RRB- is an iron bearing hydroxide mineral of the diaspore group . It is found in soil and other low-temperature environments . Goethite has been well known since ancient times for its use as a pigment -LRB- brown ochre -RRB- . Evidence has been found of its use in paint pigment samples taken from the caves of Lascaux in France . It was first described in 1806 based on samples found in the Hollertszug Mine in Herdorf , Germany . The mineral was named after the German polymath and poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe -LRB- 1749 -- 1832 -RRB- . In 2003 , nanoparticulate authigenic goethite was shown to be the most common diagenetic iron oxyhydroxide in both marine and lake sediments . ", "The German Academy -LRB- die Deutsche Akademie -RRB- is the short name of the Academy for the Scholarly Research and Fostering of Germanhood -LRB- die Akademie zur Wissenschaftlichen Erforschung und Pflege des Deutschtums -RRB- , a German cultural institute founded in 1925 at Munich , under the Weimar Republic . The controversial geopolitician Karl Haushofer was among the academics associated with it in its initial phases . After 1933 it , like virtually all public institutions in Germany , became heavily tainted with Nazi ideology . Between 1939 and 1942 , it was headed by Ludwig Siebert , Prime Minister of Bavaria , a staunch Nazi who had joined the party as early as 1931 . In 1951 , the German Federal Republic replaced the Deutsche Akademie with the present Goethe-Institut . Category : Organizations based in the Weimar Republic Category : Science in Nazi Germany " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Maria_Anna_Thekla_Mozart", "Jahn's_Hall", "K48", "K37", "Clarinet_Quintet_-LRB-disambiguation-RRB-" ]

[ "Maria Anna Thekla Mozart -LRB- September 25 , 1758 -- January 25 , 1841 -RRB- , called Marianne , known as Bäsle -LRB- `` little cousin '' -RRB- , was the cousin of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . ", "Jahn 's Hall was a concert hall in late 18th century Vienna . It was the property of a restaurateur/caterer named Ignaz Jahn , and seated -LRB- according to Deutsch -RRB- `` 400 at the most '' . It is remembered as a performance venue for works by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven . ", "K48 may refer to : INS Vidyut -LRB- K48 -RRB- , Veer class corvette , currently in active service with the Indian Navy K. 48 or Symphony No. 8 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart K-48 -LRB- 1927 -RRB- or K-52 -LRB- Kansas highway -RRB- , state highway in eastern Kansas ", "K37 may refer to : K-37 trailer , used by the U.S. Army Signal Corps to haul telephone poles , and Cable reel , during and after World War II D&RGW K-37 , a 2-8-2 , Mikado type , narrow gauge steam locomotive Junkers K 37 , a German mail plane developed in Sweden as a prototype multi-role military aircraft in 1927 Piano Concerto No. 1 -LRB- Mozart -RRB- , K. 37 , by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart R-37 -LRB- missile -RRB- , a Russian air-to-air missile ", "A clarinet quintet is a chamber ensemble made up of a clarinet and four other instruments , usually a string quartet , or a piece of music written for such an ensemble . Clarinet quintet or Quintet for clarinet and strings may also refer to : Clarinet Quintet -LRB- Brahms -RRB- , op. 115 , an 1891 composition by Johannes Brahms Clarinet Quintet -LRB- Mozart -RRB- , K. 581 , a 1789 composition by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Clarinet Quintet -LRB- Täglichsbeck -RRB- , Op. 44 , is a composition by Thomas Täglichsbeck Quintet for clarinet and strings -LRB- Moore -RRB- , a 1946 composition by Douglas Moore Quintet for Clarinet , Bass Clarinet and String Trio -LRB- Simpson -RRB- , a 1981 composition by Robert Simpson " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Pattern_recognition", "Data_mining", "Naked_Objects_for_.NET", "Execution_pattern", "Pattern_Recognition_-LRB-novel-RRB-" ]

[ "Pattern recognition is a branch of machine learning that focuses on the recognition of patterns and regularities in data , although it is in some cases considered to be nearly synonymous with machine learning . Pattern recognition systems are in many cases trained from labeled `` training '' data -LRB- supervised learning -RRB- , but when no labeled data are available other algorithms can be used to discover previously unknown patterns -LRB- unsupervised learning -RRB- . The terms pattern recognition , machine learning , data mining and knowledge discovery in databases -LRB- KDD -RRB- are hard to separate , as they largely overlap in their scope . Machine learning is the common term for supervised learning methods and originates from artificial intelligence , whereas KDD and data mining have a larger focus on unsupervised methods and stronger connection to business use . Pattern recognition has its origins in engineering , and the term is popular in the context of computer vision : a leading computer vision conference is named Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition . In pattern recognition , there may be a higher interest to formalize , explain and visualize the pattern , while machine learning traditionally focuses on maximizing the recognition rates . Yet , all of these domains have evolved substantially from their roots in artificial intelligence , engineering and statistics , and they 've become increasingly similar by integrating developments and ideas from each other . In machine learning , pattern recognition is the assignment of a label to a given input value . In statistics , discriminant analysis was introduced for this same purpose in 1936 . An example of pattern recognition is classification , which attempts to assign each input value to one of a given set of classes -LRB- for example , determine whether a given email is `` spam '' or `` non-spam '' -RRB- . However , pattern recognition is a more general problem that encompasses other types of output as well . Other examples are regression , which assigns a real-valued output to each input ; sequence labeling , which assigns a class to each member of a sequence of values -LRB- for example , part of speech tagging , which assigns a part of speech to each word in an input sentence -RRB- ; and parsing , which assigns a parse tree to an input sentence , describing the syntactic structure of the sentence . Pattern recognition algorithms generally aim to provide a reasonable answer for all possible inputs and to perform `` most likely '' matching of the inputs , taking into account their statistical variation . This is opposed to pattern matching algorithms , which look for exact matches in the input with pre-existing patterns . A common example of a pattern-matching algorithm is regular expression matching , which looks for patterns of a given sort in textual data and is included in the search capabilities of many text editors and word processors . In contrast to pattern recognition , pattern matching is generally not considered a type of machine learning , although pattern-matching algorithms -LRB- especially with fairly general , carefully tailored patterns -RRB- can sometimes succeed in providing similar-quality output of the sort provided by pattern-recognition algorithms . ", "Data mining is the computing process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of artificial intelligence , machine learning , statistics , and database systems . It is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science . The overall goal of the data mining process is to extract information from a data set and transform it into an understandable structure for further use . Aside from the raw analysis step , it involves database and data management aspects , data pre-processing , model and inference considerations , interestingness metrics , complexity considerations , post-processing of discovered structures , visualization , and online updating . Data mining is the analysis step of the `` knowledge discovery in databases '' process , or KDD . The term is a misnomer , because the goal is the extraction of patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data , not the extraction -LRB- mining -RRB- of data itself . It also is a buzzword and is frequently applied to any form of large-scale data or information processing -LRB- collection , extraction , warehousing , analysis , and statistics -RRB- as well as any application of computer decision support system , including artificial intelligence , machine learning , and business intelligence . The book Data mining : Practical machine learning tools and techniques with Java -LRB- which covers mostly machine learning material -RRB- was originally to be named just Practical machine learning , and the term data mining was only added for marketing reasons . Often the more general terms -LRB- large scale -RRB- data analysis and analytics -- or , when referring to actual methods , artificial intelligence and machine learning -- are more appropriate . The actual data mining task is the automatic or semi-automatic analysis of large quantities of data to extract previously unknown , interesting patterns such as groups of data records -LRB- cluster analysis -RRB- , unusual records -LRB- anomaly detection -RRB- , and dependencies -LRB- association rule mining , sequential pattern mining -RRB- . This usually involves using database techniques such as spatial indices . These patterns can then be seen as a kind of summary of the input data , and may be used in further analysis or , for example , in machine learning and predictive analytics . For example , the data mining step might identify multiple groups in the data , which can then be used to obtain more accurate prediction results by a decision support system . Neither the data collection , data preparation , nor result interpretation and reporting is part of the data mining step , but do belong to the overall KDD process as additional steps . The related terms data dredging , data fishing , and data snooping refer to the use of data mining methods to sample parts of a larger population data set that are -LRB- or may be -RRB- too small for reliable statistical inferences to be made about the validity of any patterns discovered . These methods can , however , be used in creating new hypotheses to test against the larger data populations . ", "Naked Objects for . NET or Naked Objects MVC is a software framework that builds upon the ASP.NET MVC framework . As the name suggests , the framework synthesizes two architectural patterns : naked objects and model -- view -- controller -LRB- MVC -RRB- . These two patterns have been considered as antithetical . However , Trygve Reenskaug -LRB- the inventor of the MVC pattern -RRB- has made it clear that he does not see it that way , in his foreword to Richard Pawson 's PhD thesis on the Naked Objects pattern . The Naked Objects MVC framework will take a domain model -LRB- written as Plain Old CLR Objects -RRB- and render it as a complete HTML application without the need for writing any user interface code - by means of a small set of generic View and Controller classes . The framework uses reflection rather than code generation . The developer may then choose to create customised Views and/or Controllers , using standard ASP.NET MVC patterns , for use where the generic user interface is not suitable . ", "-LRB- Software -RRB- execution patterns or execution models are software patterns that address issues related to lower-level support of application execution , including strategies for executing streams of tasks and for the definition of building blocks to support task synchronization . As such , execution pattern is an umbrella term for : Workflow patterns and / or Concurrency patterns To a certain extent , also distributed design patterns belong to this class . ", "Pattern Recognition is a novel by science fiction writer William Gibson published in 2003 . Set in August and September 2002 , the story follows Cayce Pollard , a 32-year-old marketing consultant who has a psychological sensitivity to corporate symbols . The action takes place in London , Tokyo , and Moscow as Cayce judges the effectiveness of a proposed corporate symbol and is hired to seek the creators of film clips anonymously posted to the internet . The novel 's central theme involves the examination of the human desire to detect patterns or meaning and the risks of finding patterns in meaningless data . Other themes include methods of interpretation of history , cultural familiarity with brand names , and tensions between art and commercialization . The September 11 , 2001 attacks are used as a motif representing the transition to the new century . Critics identify influences in Pattern Recognition from Thomas Pynchon 's postmodern detective story The Crying of Lot 49 . Pattern Recognition is Gibson 's eighth novel and his first one to be set in the contemporary world . Like his previous work , it has been classified as a science fiction and postmodern novel , with the action unfolding along a thriller plot line . Critics approved of the writing but found the plot unoriginal and some of the language distracting . The book peaked at number four on the New York Times Best Seller list , was nominated for the 2003 British Science Fiction Association Award , and was shortlisted for the 2004 Arthur C. Clarke Award and Locus Awards . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Brat_Pack_-LRB-actors-RRB-", "Addie", "The_Big_Durian", "Rock_-LRB-name-RRB-", "Hal" ]

[ "The Brat Pack is a nickname given to a group of young actors who frequently appeared together in teen-oriented coming-of-age films in the 1980s . First mentioned in a 1985 New York magazine article , it is now usually defined as the cast members of two specific films released in 1985 -- The Breakfast Club and St. Elmo 's Fire -- although other actors are sometimes included . The `` core '' members are considered to be Emilio Estevez , Anthony Michael Hall , Rob Lowe , Andrew McCarthy , Demi Moore , Judd Nelson , Molly Ringwald , and Ally Sheedy . ", "Addie is a given name , nickname and surname which may refer to : ", "The Big Durian is a nickname given to more than one place : Esplanade -- Theatres on the Bay , Singapore , which has two large ovoid buildings that resemble durians The official nickname of Jakarta , the capital of Indonesia The Big Durian -LRB- film -RRB- ", "Rock is a surname , given name and nickname . ", "__ NOTOC __ Hal is a masculine given name , often a diminutive form -LRB- hypocorism -RRB- of Harold , and a nickname . It may refer to : " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Pakistan_Movement", "1999_DCM_Trophy", "Pakistan", "ICI_Pakistan", "State_Bank_of_Pakistan" ]

[ "The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- -- -RRB- was a religious political movement in the 1940s that aimed for and succeeded in the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of British Indian Empire . The movement progressed within India alongside the Indian independence movement , but the Pakistan Movement sought to establish a new nation-state that protected the religious identity and political interests of Muslims in South Asia . The first organised political movements were in Aligarh where another literary movement was led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan that built the genesis of the Pakistan movement . An educational convention held in 1906 with joint efforts of Syed Ahmad Khan and Vikar-ul-Haq , the Muslim reformers took the movement to the political stage in the form of establishing the mainstream and then newly formed All-India Muslim League -LRB- AIML -RRB- , with prominent moderate leaders seeking to protect the basic rights of Muslims in the British Raj . During the initial stages of the movement , it adopted the vision of philosopher Iqbal after addressing at the convention of the AIML 's annual session . Muhammad Ali Jinnah 's constitutional struggle further helped gaining public support for the movement in the four provinces . Urdu poets such as Iqbal and Faiz used literature , poetry and speech as a powerful tool for political awareness . Feminists such as Sheila Pant and Fatima Jinnah championed the emancipation of Pakistan 's women and their participation in national politics . The Pakistan Movement was led by a large and diversified group of people whose struggle ultimately resulted in the British Empire announcing the Indian Independence Act 1947 , which created the independent dominions of India and Pakistan . The Pakistan Movement was the result of a series of social , political , and intellectual transformations in Pakistani society , government , and ways of thinking . Efforts and struggles of the Founding Fathers resulted in the creation of the democratic and independent government . In the following years , another nationally -- minded subset went on to established a strong government , followed by the military intervention in 1958 . Grievousness and unbalanced economic distribution caused an upheaval which led East Pakistan to declare independence as the People 's Republic of Bangladesh in 1971 . After a strong concessions and consents reached in 1973 , the new Constitution established a relatively strong government , institutions , national courts , a legislature that represented both states in the Senate and population in the National Assembly . Pakistan 's phase shift to republicanism , and the gradually increasing democracy , caused an upheaval of traditional social hierarchy and gave birth to the ethic that has formed a core of political values in Pakistan . ", "The DCM Trophy was a three match One Day International cricket series which took place between 16 -- 19 September 1999 . The tournament was held in Canada , and involved Pakistan and the West Indies . The tournament was won by Pakistan , who won the series 3-0 . ", "Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- pɑːkᵻˈstɑːn -RSB- -LSB- -RRB- , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- -RRB- , is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on the crossroads of Central and Western Asia . It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 201 million people . In terms of area , it is the 33rd-largest country spanning 881,913 km2 . Pakistan has a 1,046 km coastline along the Arabian Sea and its Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the far northeast , respectively . It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan is considered a cradle of civilisation that was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans , and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander of Macedonia , the Indian Mauryan Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire , and most recently , the British Empire . Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries in that it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent 's struggle for independence , Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent homeland for South Asian Muslims . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh . In 1973 Pakistan adopted a new constitution establishing , alongside its pre-existing parliamentary republic status , a federal government based in Islamabad consisting of four provinces and four federal territories . The new constitution also stipulated that all laws were to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah . A regional and middle power , Pakistan has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state , being the second in South Asia and the only nation in the Muslim world to have that status . Pakistan has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector , and a growing services sector . The Pakistani economy is the 24th-largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and the 41st-largest in terms of nominal GDP -LRB- World Bank -RRB- . It is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world , and is backed by one of the world 's largest and fastest-growing middle classes . The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule , and since 2008 a transition to democracy , amid conflicts with neighbouring India . The country continues to face challenging problems such as illiteracy , healthcare , and corruption , but has substantially reduced poverty and terrorism and expanded per capita income . Pakistan is a member of the United Nations , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , the Commonwealth of Nations , the ECO , the SAARC , the Developing Eight , and the G20 developing nations , Group of 24 , Group of 77 , and ECOSOC . It is also an associate member of CERN . Pakistan is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol , the Paris Agreement , and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . ", "ICI Pakistan Limited -LRB- Imperial Chemical Industries -RRB- is located in Karachi , Pakistan . ICI Pakistan was acquired by Younas Brother Group in December 2012 after its parent shareholder AkzoNobel NBV decided to divest its shares from all other ICI owned businesses in Pakistan , except the paints business . Paints is now listed as a separate entity in the stock exchange with the name of Akzonobel Pakistan Limited . All the remaining business merged to form ICI Pakistan Limited , which now operates under the flag of Younas Brother Group . ", "The State Bank of Pakistan -LRB- SBP -RRB- -LRB- -LSB- -RRB- is the central bank of Pakistan . While its constitution , as originally laid down in the State Bank of Pakistan Order 1948 , remained basically unchanged until January 1 , 1974 , when the bank was nationalized , the scope of its functions was considerably enlarged . The State Bank of Pakistan Act 1956 , with subsequent amendments , forms the basis of its operations today . The headquarters are located in the financial capital of Pakistan , Karachi with branch offices in 15 cities across Pakistan , including the capital city , Islamabad and the four provincial capitals . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ann_Biderman", "Ray_Donovan", "Ann_Hearn", "Elisha_Rumsey", "If_Dreams_Come_True" ]

[ "Ann Biderman -LRB- born August 15 , 1951 -RRB- is an American film and television writer . She is the creator and executive producer of the NBC/TNT series Southland -LRB- 2009 -- 2013 -RRB- , and won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Writing in a Drama Series for an episode of NYPD Blue . She created , wrote , and produced '' Ray Donovan . ", "Ray Donovan is an American television crime drama series created by Ann Biderman for Showtime . The twelve-episode first season premiered on June 30 , 2013 . The pilot episode broke records of viewership , becoming the biggest premiere of all time on Showtime . Showtime renewed the show for a fourth season , which premiered on June 26 , 2016 . On August 11 , 2016 , Showtime renewed the show for a fifth season , set to premiere on August 6 , 2017 . ", "Ann Hearn -LRB- born June 27 , 1953 in Griffin , Georgia as Ann Neel Simons -RRB- is an American actress . She is the daughter of Elizabeth Ann Neel and William `` Bill '' Simons . She married the actor Stephen Tobolowsky in 1988 , and they have two children . ", "Elisha Walker Rumsey -LRB- ca. 1785-August 1827 -RRB- was an American pioneer and co-founder of the U.S. city of Ann Arbor . He and John Allen founded Ann Arbor in 1824 . ", "If Dreams Come True is an album by American singer and musician Ann Savoy , released in 2007 . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Richard_Fortus", "Chinese_Democracy", "Guns_N'_Roses", "Use_Your_Illusion_II", "Matt_Sorum" ]

[ "Richard Fortus -LRB- born November 17 , 1966 -RRB- is an American guitarist . He is best known as a member of the hard rock band Guns N ' Roses , with whom he has been a member since 2002 , and with whom he has recorded one studio album . Fortus has also collaborated extensively with The Psychedelic Furs frontman Richard Butler and fellow Guns N ' Roses bandmate Frank Ferrer . Alongside his work in Guns N ' Roses , Fortus is a former member of Love Spit Love , Thin Lizzy and the Dead Daisies . ", "Chinese Democracy is the sixth studio album by American hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . It was released on November 23 , 2008 , by Geffen Records . The album was the band 's first studio album since `` The Spaghetti Incident ? '' in November 1993 , and their first album of original studio material since the simultaneous releases of Use Your Illusion I and II in September 1991 . Although it debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- , Chinese Democracy domestically undersold expectations . It received generally favorable reviews from music critics . The album achieved international chart success and has sold over one million copies in Europe . In 1994 , Guns N ' Roses ' progress on a follow-up to `` The Spaghetti Incident ? '' was halted due to creative differences between members of the band . Slash , Duff McKagan , Matt Sorum , and Gilby Clarke all resigned or were fired from the band in the mid-1990s . Lead singer Axl Rose and keyboardist Dizzy Reed were the only members from the previous lineup remaining by the time production had started . A new lineup , consisting of Rose , Reed , guitarists Robin Finck and Paul Tobias , bassist Tommy Stinson , drummer Josh Freese , and keyboardist Chris Pitman began working on the album in 1997 . Initially intended to be released in 1999 or 2000 , the album was re-recorded completely in 2000 . The album was worked on by multiple lineups of the band , including later members Bryan Mantia , Buckethead , Richard Fortus , Ron `` Bumblefoot '' Thal , and Frank Ferrer . Personnel and legal reasons , as well as Rose 's alleged perfectionism , caused the album to be delayed multiple times . The album missed an announced March 2007 release date , before being released in November 2008 . With production costs reportedly eclipsing $ 13 million , the album is the most expensive rock album ever produced . ", "Guns N ' Roses , often abbreviated as GnR , is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles formed in 1985 . The lineup , when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986 , consisted of vocalist Axl Rose , lead guitarist Slash , rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin , bassist Duff McKagan , and drummer Steven Adler . Guns N ' Roses have released six studio albums , accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide , including shipments of 45 million in the United States , making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time . Guns N ' Roses ' debut album , Appetite for Destruction -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , reached number one on the Billboard 200 a year after its release , on the strength of `` Sweet Child o ' Mine '' , the band 's only single to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album has sold approximately 30 million copies worldwide , including 18 million units in the United States , making it the best-selling debut album of all time in the US , as well as the eleventh best-selling album in the United States . The success of the debut was followed by the eight-song album G N ' R Lies -LRB- 1988 -RRB- which reached number two on the Billboard 200 . The twin albums Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II -LRB- 1991 -RRB- debuted at number two and number one on the Billboard 200 respectively and have sold a combined 35 million copies worldwide , including 14 million units in the United States . The cover album `` The Spaghetti Incident ? '' -LRB- 1993 -RRB- was the band 's last studio album to feature Slash and McKagan . After more than a decade of work and several lineup changes , Guns N ' Roses released the long-awaited album Chinese Democracy -LRB- 2008 -RRB- which , at an estimated $ 14 million in production costs , is the most expensive rock album to ever be produced in music history . It debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 but undersold industry expectations , despite mostly positive critical reception . Former members Slash and McKagan both rejoined the band in 2016 , embarking on the Not in This Lifetime ... Tour . Guns N ' Roses has been credited with reviving the mainstream popularity of rock 'n' roll , at a time when popular music was dominated by dance music and glam metal . Its late 1980s and early 1990s years have been described as the period in which the group brought forth a `` hedonistic rebelliousness '' reminiscent of the early Rolling Stones , a reputation that had earned the group the nickname `` the most dangerous band in the world '' . The band 's classic lineup , along with later members keyboardist Dizzy Reed and drummer Matt Sorum , was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 in its first year of eligibility . The band 's membership has changed many times since the early 1990 's , with Rose and keyboardist Dizzy Reed as the only two constant members since 1990 . The current lineup consists of Rose , Slash , McKagan , Reed , guitarist Richard Fortus , drummer Frank Ferrer and keyboardist Melissa Reese . ", "Use Your Illusion II is the fourth studio album by the American hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . The album was released on September 17 , 1991 , the same day as its counterpart album Use Your Illusion I. Both of the albums were released in conjunction with the Use Your Illusion Tour . Bolstered by the lead single `` You Could Be Mine , '' Use Your Illusion II was the slightly more popular of the two albums , selling 770,000 copies its first week and debuting at No. 1 on the U.S. charts , ahead of Use Your Illusion I '' 's first week sales of 685,000 . As of 2010 , Use Your Illusion II '' has sold 5,587,000 units in the U.S. , according to Nielsen SoundScan . Both albums have since been certified 7 × Platinum by the RIAA . It was also No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart for a single week . It is the last Guns N ' Roses album to feature rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin . It also included the last Guns N ' Roses song to feature drummer Steven Adler , who played on `` Civil War . '' ", "Matthew William `` Matt '' Sorum -LRB- born November 19 , 1960 -RRB- is an American drummer and percussionist . He is best known as both a former member of the hard rock band Guns N ' Roses , with whom he recorded three studio albums , and as a member of the supergroup Velvet Revolver . Sorum is currently a member of the touring project , Kings of Chaos , and is a former member of both The Cult and Y Kant Tori Read . Sorum was also a member of Guns N ' Roses side-projects , Slash 's Snakepit and Neurotic Outsiders , and released a solo album , Hollywood Zen , in 2004 . After performing on synthpop band Y Kant Tori Read 's sole album , Sorum joined The Cult in 1989 to tour in support of their fourth studio album , Sonic Temple -LRB- 1989 -RRB- . During the tour , Sorum was spotted by Guns N ' Roses guitarist Slash and subsequently replaced their drummer Steven Adler in 1990 . Remaining in the band for seven years , Sorum recorded the albums , Use Your Illusion I -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , Use Your Illusion II -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , and `` The Spaghetti Incident ? '' -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , before departing in 1997 following an argument with Axl Rose . In 2001 , Sorum rejoined The Cult to perform on their reunion album , Beyond Good and Evil -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , and its subsequent tour and subsequently co-founded the hard rock supergroup Velvet Revolver , alongside former Guns N ' Roses bandmates , Slash and Duff McKagan . The band , which also included guitarist Dave Kushner and Stone Temple Pilots frontman Scott Weiland , released two successful studio albums , Contraband -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and Libertad -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , before entering an extended hiatus following Weiland 's departure . Sorum has been a permanent member of hard rock cover band Camp Freddy since 2003 , alongside Jane 's Addiction members Dave Navarro and Chris Chaney , and assisted in hosting its radio show and podcast on Indie 103.1 . In 2012 , Sorum founded a touring project , entitled Kings of Chaos , featuring members of Guns N ' Roses , Deep Purple , Def Leppard , Aerosmith , ZZ Top , Cheap Trick and Slipknot . In 2012 , Sorum was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N ' Roses . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Selma_to_Montgomery_marches", "Albert_J._Lingo", "Selma_Cloverleafs", "Big_Thinkers_-LRB-video_game_series-RRB-", "James_Karales" ]

[ "The Selma to Montgomery marches were three protest marches , held in 1965 , along the 54-mile -LRB- 87 km -RRB- highway from Selma , Alabama to the state capital of Montgomery . The marches were organized by nonviolent activists to demonstrate the desire of African-American citizens to exercise their constitutional right to vote , in defiance of segregationist repression , and were part of a broader voting rights movement underway in Selma and throughout the American South . By highlighting racial injustice , they contributed to passage that year of the Voting Rights Act , a landmark federal achievement of the Civil Rights Movement . Southern state legislatures had passed and maintained a series of discriminatory requirements and practices that had disenfranchised most of the millions of African Americans across the South throughout the 20th century . The African-American group known as the Dallas County Voters League -LRB- DCVL -RRB- launched a voters registration campaign in Selma in 1963 . Joined by organizers from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee -LRB- SNCC -RRB- , they began working that year in a renewed effort to register black voters . Finding resistance by white officials to be intractable , even after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended legal segregation , the DCVL invited Rev. Martin Luther King , Jr. and the activists of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference -LRB- SCLC -RRB- to join them . SCLC brought many prominent civil rights and civic leaders to Selma in January 1965 . Local and regional protests began , with 3,000 people arrested by the end of February . According to Joseph A. Califano Jr. , who served as head of domestic affairs for U.S. President Lyndon Johnson between the years 1965 and 1969 , the President viewed King as an essential partner in getting the Voting Rights Act enacted . Califano , whom the President also assigned to monitor the final march to Montgomery , noted that Johnson and King talked by telephone on January 15 to plan a strategy for drawing attention to the injustice of using literacy tests and other barriers to stop black Southerners from voting and that King later informed the President on February 9 of his decision to use Selma to achieve this objective . On February 26 , 1965 , activist and deacon Jimmie Lee Jackson died after being mortally shot several days earlier by a state trooper , James Bonard Fowler , during a peaceful march in nearby Marion , Alabama . To defuse and refocus the community 's outrage , SCLC Director of Direct Action James Bevel , who was directing SCLC 's Selma voting rights movement , called for a march of dramatic length , from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery . Bevel had been working on his Alabama Project for voting rights since late 1963 . The first march took place on March 7 , 1965 , organized locally by Bevel , Amelia Boynton , and others . State troopers and county possemen attacked the unarmed marchers with billy clubs and tear gas after they passed over the county line , and the event became known as Bloody Sunday . Law enforcement beat Boynton unconscious , and the media publicized worldwide a picture of her lying wounded on the Edmund Pettus Bridge . The second march took place March 10 . Troopers , police , and marchers confronted each other at the county end of the bridge , but when the troopers stepped aside to let them pass , King led the marchers back to the church . He was obeying a federal injunction while seeking protection from federal court for the march . That night , a white group beat and murdered civil rights activist James Reeb , a Unitarian Universalist minister from Boston , who had come to Selma to march with the second group . Many other clergy and sympathizers from across the country also gathered for the second march . The violence of the `` Bloody Sunday '' and of Reeb 's death led to a national outcry and some acts of civil disobedience , targeting both the Alabama and federal governments . The protesters demanded protection for the Selma marchers and a new federal voting rights law to enable African Americans to register and vote without harassment . President Lyndon Johnson , whose administration had been working on a voting rights law , held a historic , nationally televised joint session of Congress on March 15 to ask for the bill 's introduction and passage . With Governor Wallace refusing to protect the marchers , President Johnson committed to do so . The third march started March 21 . Protected by 1,900 members of the Alabama National Guard under federal command , and many FBI agents and Federal Marshals , the marchers averaged 10 miles -LRB- 16 km -RRB- a day along U.S. Route 80 , known in Alabama as the `` Jefferson Davis Highway '' . The marchers arrived in Montgomery on March 24 and at the Alabama State Capitol on March 25 . With thousands having joined the campaign , 25,000 people entered the capital city that day in support of voting rights . The route is memorialized as the `` Selma To Montgomery Voting Rights Trail , '' and is designated as a U.S. National Historic Trail . ", "Colonel Albert J. Lingo , also known as Al Lingo -LRB- January 22 , 1910 - August 19 , 1969 -RRB- was a career Alabama Highway Patrolman who served as Director of the Alabama Department of Public Safety from 1963 to 1965 , including the turbulent early 1960s years marked by marches and demonstrations that characterized the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. South . Lingo 's service under Alabama governor George Wallace with regard to the Selma to Montgomery marches has been characterized in a negative light , though Lingo himself disputed that characterization , stating that he was following orders from the governor as required by his oath of office and that he originally wanted to allow the marchers to continue their march . He resigned as director effective October 1 , 1965 , and later ran for election to be sheriff of Jefferson County , Alabama ; he died at age 59 on August 17 , 1969 . ", "The Selma Cloverleafs were a baseball team based in Selma , Alabama . The original Cloverleafs played in the Southeastern League and Alabama -- Florida League at various times between 1928 -- 1962 . ", "Big Thinkers ! is a short line educational game from Humongous Entertainment , which revolved around Ben Brightly and his sister Becky Brightly -LRB- voiced by Mike Shapiro and Karen Kay Cody respectively -RRB- , two characters with the ability to shape-shift into any object they desire . The series contains two games : Big Thinkers ! Kindergarten and Big Thinkers ! 1st Grade . Both titles feature the same goal of collecting stars . The title was conceived and developed by Jonathan Maier . There were plans to release a third game in the series , which would have been titled Big Thinkers ! 2nd Grade . It was initially developed in parallel with the other two games , but was abandoned when working on three games at once proved to be too ambitious . ", "James H. Karales -LRB- July 15 , 1930 , Canton , Ohio -- April 1 , 2002 , Croton-on-Hudson , N.Y. -RRB- was a photographer and photo-essayist best known for his work with Look magazine from 1960 to 1971 . At Look he covered the Civil Rights Movement throughout its duration , taking many of the movements memorable photographs , including those of the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee -LRB- SNCC -RRB- and of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and his family . Karales 's single best known image is the iconic photograph of the Selma to Montgomery march showing people proudly marching along the highway under a cloudy turbulent sky . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Punisher_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Burk_Castle", "Zincke_reaction", "The_Punisher_-LRB-1987_series-RRB-", "Daredevil_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-" ]

[ "Marvel 's The Punisher , or simply The Punisher , is an upcoming American web television series created for Netflix by Steve Lightfoot , based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe -LRB- MCU -RRB- , sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise , and is a spin-off of Marvel 's Daredevil . The series is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios , with Lightfoot serving as showrunner . The series revolves around Frank Castle , who uses lethal methods to fight crime as the vigilante `` the Punisher '' , with Jon Bernthal reprising the role from Daredevil . Ben Barnes , Ebon Moss-Bachrach , Amber Rose Revah , Deborah Ann Woll , Daniel Webber , Jason R. Moore , Paul Schulze , Jaime Ray Newman , and Michael Nathanson also star . A television series centered on the Punisher received a put-pilot commitment at Fox in 2011 , but that project fell through . In June 2015 , Bernthal was cast as the character to appear in the second season of Daredevil . Development on a spin-off titled The Punisher began by January 2016 , before the second season of Daredevil was released . In April 2016 , Marvel and Netflix ordered the series , confirmed Bernthal 's involvement , and announced Lightfoot as executive producer and showrunner . Filming began in New York City in October 2016 , and concluded in April 2017 . The Punisher is scheduled to be released in 2017 . ", "Burk Castle -LRB- Turmhügel Burk -RRB- is a levelled medieval motte and bailey castle in the area known as Beim Schanzbach , about 550 metres south-southwest of the church in Burk , a village in the borough of Forchheim in the county of Forchheim in the south German state of Bavaria . Nothing has survived of the castle which was mentioned in the records in 1127 . ", "The Zincke reaction is an organic reaction in which a pyridine is transformed into a pyridinium salt by reaction with 2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene and a primary amine , named after Theodor Zincke . The Zincke reaction should not be confused with the Zincke-Suhl reaction or the Zincke nitration . Furthermore , the Zincke reaction has nothing to do with the chemical element zinc . ", "The Punisher vol . 2 is the first ongoing comic book series starring the fictional Marvel Comics vigilante The Punisher , following a limited series published the previous year . The series ran 104 issues from July 1987 to July 1995 . ", "Marvel 's Daredevil , or simply Daredevil , is an American web television series created for Netflix by Drew Goddard , based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe -LRB- MCU -RRB- , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise , and is the first in a series of shows that will lead up to The Defenders crossover miniseries . The series is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios and Goddard Textiles , with DeKnight Productions for the first season . Steven S. DeKnight serves as showrunner on the first season , with Doug Petrie and Marco Ramirez taking over for the second ; Goddard serves as a consultant on both seasons . Charlie Cox stars as Matt Murdock / Daredevil , a blind lawyer-by-day who fights crime at night . Daredevil entered development in late 2013 , a year after the film rights to the character reverted to Marvel , with Goddard initially hired in December 2013 . DeKnight replaced him as showrunner and Cox was hired to star in May 2014 , with Deborah Ann Woll , Elden Henson , Rosario Dawson , and Vincent D'Onofrio also starring . Additional season one stars include Toby Leonard Moore , Vondie Curtis-Hall , Bob Gunton , and Ayelet Zurer , while Jon Bernthal , Élodie Yung , and Stephen Rider join the cast for season two . Filming takes place in New York City , in areas that still look like the old Hell 's Kitchen . All episodes of the first season were released on Netflix on April 10 , 2015 , while the second season was released in its entirety on March 18 , 2016 . In July 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season . A spin-off series , centered on Bernthal 's character Frank Castle / Punisher and titled Marvel 's The Punisher , was ordered by Netflix in April 2016 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Emperor_Norton", "L'Empereur_Smith", "Multiple_citizenship", "Public_broadcasting", "Habsburg_Monarchy" ]

[ "Joshua Abraham Norton -LRB- 1818 -- January 8 , 1880 -RRB- , known as Emperor Norton , was a citizen of San Francisco , California , who in 1859 proclaimed himself `` Norton I , Emperor of the United States '' and subsequently `` Protector of Mexico '' . Born in England , Norton spent most of his early life in South Africa . After the death of his mother in 1846 and his father in 1848 , he sailed west , arriving in San Francisco possibly in November 1849 . Norton initially made a living as a businessman , but he lost his fortune investing in Peruvian rice . After losing a lawsuit in which he tried to void his rice contract , Norton 's public prominence faded . He reemerged in September 1859 , laying claim to the position of Emperor of the United States . Although he had no political power , and his influence extended only so far as he was humored by those around him , he was treated deferentially in San Francisco , and currency issued in his name was honored in the establishments he frequented . Though some considered him insane or eccentric , citizens of San Francisco celebrated his regal presence and his proclamations , such as his order that the United States Congress be dissolved by force and his numerous decrees calling for a bridge crossing connecting San Francisco to Oakland , and a corresponding tunnel to be built under San Francisco Bay . Long after his death , similar structures were built in the form of the San Francisco -- Oakland Bay Bridge and the Transbay Tube , and there have been campaigns to rename the bridge `` The Emperor Norton Bridge '' . On January 8 , 1880 , Norton collapsed at the corner of California and Dupont -LRB- now Grant -RRB- streets and died before he could be given medical treatment . At his funeral two days later , nearly 30,000 people packed the streets of San Francisco to pay homage . Norton has been immortalized as the basis of characters in the literature of writers Mark Twain , Robert Louis Stevenson , Christopher Moore , Morris and Goscinny , Selma Lagerlöf , and Neil Gaiman . ", "L'Empereur Smith is a Lucky Luke adventure written by Goscinny and illustrated by Morris . It is the forty fifth book in the series and It was originally published in French in the year 1976 . The story is loosely based on the life of the historical Emperor Norton of San Francisco . ", "Multiple citizenship , also called dual citizenship or multiple nationality or dual nationality , is a person 's citizenship status , in which a person is concurrently regarded as a citizen of more than one state under the laws of those states . There is no international convention which determines the nationality or citizen status of a person , which is defined exclusively by national laws , which vary and can be inconsistent with each other . Multiple citizenship arises because different countries use different , and not necessarily mutually exclusive , criteria for citizenship . Colloquial speech refers to people `` holding '' multiple citizenship but technically each nation makes a claim that this person be considered its national . Some countries do not permit dual citizenship . This may be by requiring an applicant for naturalisation to renounce all existing citizenship , or by withdrawing its citizenship from someone who voluntarily acquires another citizenship , or by other devices . Some countries do not permit a renunciation of citizenship . Some countries permit a general dual citizenship while others permit dual citizenship but only of a limited number of countries . Most countries that permit dual citizenship still may not recognize the other citizenship of its nationals within its own territory , for example , in relation to entry into the country , national service , duty to vote , etc. . Similarly , it may not permit consular access by another country for a person who is also its national . Some countries prohibit dual citizenship holders from serving in their military , on police forces or holding certain public offices . ", "Public broadcasting includes radio , television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service . In much of the world , funding comes from the government , especially via annual fees charged on receivers . In the United States , public broadcasters may receive some funding from both federal and state sources , but generally most financial support comes from underwriting by foundations and businesses ranging from small shops to corporations , along with audience contributions via pledge drives . The great majority are operated as private not-for-profit corporations . Public broadcasting may be nationally or locally operated , depending on the country and the station . In some countries , public broadcasting is run by a single organization . Other countries have multiple public broadcasting organizations operating regionally or in different languages . Historically , public broadcasting was once the dominant or only form of broadcasting in many countries -LRB- with the notable exception of the United States -RRB- . Commercial broadcasting now also exists in most of these countries ; the number of countries with only public broadcasting declined substantially during the latter part of the 20th century . ", "The Habsburg Monarchy -LRB- Habsburgermonarchie -RRB- or Empire , is an unofficial appellation #English among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918 . The Monarchy was a composite state composed of territories within and outside the Holy Roman Empire , united only in the person of the monarch . The dynastic capital was Vienna , except from 1583 to 1611 , when it was moved to Prague . From 1804 to 1867 the Habsburg Monarchy was formally unified as the Austrian Empire , and from 1867 to 1918 as the Austro-Hungarian Empire . The head of the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg was often elected Holy Roman Emperor : from 1415 until the Empire 's dissolution in 1806 , Charles VII of Bavaria -LRB- 1742-1745 -RRB- was the only Holy Roman Emperor who was not Habsburg ruler of Austria . The two entities were never coterminous , as the Habsburg Monarchy covered many lands beyond the Holy Roman Empire , and most of the Empire was ruled by other dynasties . This Austrian Habsburg Monarchy must not be confused with the House of Habsburg , existing since the 11th century , whose vast domains were split up in 1521 between this ` junior ' Austrian branch and the ` senior ' Spanish branch . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Emperor_Norton", "L'Empereur_Smith", "Multiple_citizenship", "Public_broadcasting", "Habsburg_Monarchy" ]

[ "Joshua Abraham Norton -LRB- 1818 -- January 8 , 1880 -RRB- , known as Emperor Norton , was a citizen of San Francisco , California , who in 1859 proclaimed himself `` Norton I , Emperor of the United States '' and subsequently `` Protector of Mexico '' . Born in England , Norton spent most of his early life in South Africa . After the death of his mother in 1846 and his father in 1848 , he sailed west , arriving in San Francisco possibly in November 1849 . Norton initially made a living as a businessman , but he lost his fortune investing in Peruvian rice . After losing a lawsuit in which he tried to void his rice contract , Norton 's public prominence faded . He reemerged in September 1859 , laying claim to the position of Emperor of the United States . Although he had no political power , and his influence extended only so far as he was humored by those around him , he was treated deferentially in San Francisco , and currency issued in his name was honored in the establishments he frequented . Though some considered him insane or eccentric , citizens of San Francisco celebrated his regal presence and his proclamations , such as his order that the United States Congress be dissolved by force and his numerous decrees calling for a bridge crossing connecting San Francisco to Oakland , and a corresponding tunnel to be built under San Francisco Bay . Long after his death , similar structures were built in the form of the San Francisco -- Oakland Bay Bridge and the Transbay Tube , and there have been campaigns to rename the bridge `` The Emperor Norton Bridge '' . On January 8 , 1880 , Norton collapsed at the corner of California and Dupont -LRB- now Grant -RRB- streets and died before he could be given medical treatment . At his funeral two days later , nearly 30,000 people packed the streets of San Francisco to pay homage . Norton has been immortalized as the basis of characters in the literature of writers Mark Twain , Robert Louis Stevenson , Christopher Moore , Morris and Goscinny , Selma Lagerlöf , and Neil Gaiman . ", "L'Empereur Smith is a Lucky Luke adventure written by Goscinny and illustrated by Morris . It is the forty fifth book in the series and It was originally published in French in the year 1976 . The story is loosely based on the life of the historical Emperor Norton of San Francisco . ", "Multiple citizenship , also called dual citizenship or multiple nationality or dual nationality , is a person 's citizenship status , in which a person is concurrently regarded as a citizen of more than one state under the laws of those states . There is no international convention which determines the nationality or citizen status of a person , which is defined exclusively by national laws , which vary and can be inconsistent with each other . Multiple citizenship arises because different countries use different , and not necessarily mutually exclusive , criteria for citizenship . Colloquial speech refers to people `` holding '' multiple citizenship but technically each nation makes a claim that this person be considered its national . Some countries do not permit dual citizenship . This may be by requiring an applicant for naturalisation to renounce all existing citizenship , or by withdrawing its citizenship from someone who voluntarily acquires another citizenship , or by other devices . Some countries do not permit a renunciation of citizenship . Some countries permit a general dual citizenship while others permit dual citizenship but only of a limited number of countries . Most countries that permit dual citizenship still may not recognize the other citizenship of its nationals within its own territory , for example , in relation to entry into the country , national service , duty to vote , etc. . Similarly , it may not permit consular access by another country for a person who is also its national . Some countries prohibit dual citizenship holders from serving in their military , on police forces or holding certain public offices . ", "Public broadcasting includes radio , television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service . In much of the world , funding comes from the government , especially via annual fees charged on receivers . In the United States , public broadcasters may receive some funding from both federal and state sources , but generally most financial support comes from underwriting by foundations and businesses ranging from small shops to corporations , along with audience contributions via pledge drives . The great majority are operated as private not-for-profit corporations . Public broadcasting may be nationally or locally operated , depending on the country and the station . In some countries , public broadcasting is run by a single organization . Other countries have multiple public broadcasting organizations operating regionally or in different languages . Historically , public broadcasting was once the dominant or only form of broadcasting in many countries -LRB- with the notable exception of the United States -RRB- . Commercial broadcasting now also exists in most of these countries ; the number of countries with only public broadcasting declined substantially during the latter part of the 20th century . ", "The Habsburg Monarchy -LRB- Habsburgermonarchie -RRB- or Empire , is an unofficial appellation #English among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918 . The Monarchy was a composite state composed of territories within and outside the Holy Roman Empire , united only in the person of the monarch . The dynastic capital was Vienna , except from 1583 to 1611 , when it was moved to Prague . From 1804 to 1867 the Habsburg Monarchy was formally unified as the Austrian Empire , and from 1867 to 1918 as the Austro-Hungarian Empire . The head of the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg was often elected Holy Roman Emperor : from 1415 until the Empire 's dissolution in 1806 , Charles VII of Bavaria -LRB- 1742-1745 -RRB- was the only Holy Roman Emperor who was not Habsburg ruler of Austria . The two entities were never coterminous , as the Habsburg Monarchy covered many lands beyond the Holy Roman Empire , and most of the Empire was ruled by other dynasties . This Austrian Habsburg Monarchy must not be confused with the House of Habsburg , existing since the 11th century , whose vast domains were split up in 1521 between this ` junior ' Austrian branch and the ` senior ' Spanish branch . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Emperor_Norton", "L'Empereur_Smith", "Multiple_citizenship", "Public_broadcasting", "Habsburg_Monarchy" ]

[ "Joshua Abraham Norton -LRB- 1818 -- January 8 , 1880 -RRB- , known as Emperor Norton , was a citizen of San Francisco , California , who in 1859 proclaimed himself `` Norton I , Emperor of the United States '' and subsequently `` Protector of Mexico '' . Born in England , Norton spent most of his early life in South Africa . After the death of his mother in 1846 and his father in 1848 , he sailed west , arriving in San Francisco possibly in November 1849 . Norton initially made a living as a businessman , but he lost his fortune investing in Peruvian rice . After losing a lawsuit in which he tried to void his rice contract , Norton 's public prominence faded . He reemerged in September 1859 , laying claim to the position of Emperor of the United States . Although he had no political power , and his influence extended only so far as he was humored by those around him , he was treated deferentially in San Francisco , and currency issued in his name was honored in the establishments he frequented . Though some considered him insane or eccentric , citizens of San Francisco celebrated his regal presence and his proclamations , such as his order that the United States Congress be dissolved by force and his numerous decrees calling for a bridge crossing connecting San Francisco to Oakland , and a corresponding tunnel to be built under San Francisco Bay . Long after his death , similar structures were built in the form of the San Francisco -- Oakland Bay Bridge and the Transbay Tube , and there have been campaigns to rename the bridge `` The Emperor Norton Bridge '' . On January 8 , 1880 , Norton collapsed at the corner of California and Dupont -LRB- now Grant -RRB- streets and died before he could be given medical treatment . At his funeral two days later , nearly 30,000 people packed the streets of San Francisco to pay homage . Norton has been immortalized as the basis of characters in the literature of writers Mark Twain , Robert Louis Stevenson , Christopher Moore , Morris and Goscinny , Selma Lagerlöf , and Neil Gaiman . ", "L'Empereur Smith is a Lucky Luke adventure written by Goscinny and illustrated by Morris . It is the forty fifth book in the series and It was originally published in French in the year 1976 . The story is loosely based on the life of the historical Emperor Norton of San Francisco . ", "Multiple citizenship , also called dual citizenship or multiple nationality or dual nationality , is a person 's citizenship status , in which a person is concurrently regarded as a citizen of more than one state under the laws of those states . There is no international convention which determines the nationality or citizen status of a person , which is defined exclusively by national laws , which vary and can be inconsistent with each other . Multiple citizenship arises because different countries use different , and not necessarily mutually exclusive , criteria for citizenship . Colloquial speech refers to people `` holding '' multiple citizenship but technically each nation makes a claim that this person be considered its national . Some countries do not permit dual citizenship . This may be by requiring an applicant for naturalisation to renounce all existing citizenship , or by withdrawing its citizenship from someone who voluntarily acquires another citizenship , or by other devices . Some countries do not permit a renunciation of citizenship . Some countries permit a general dual citizenship while others permit dual citizenship but only of a limited number of countries . Most countries that permit dual citizenship still may not recognize the other citizenship of its nationals within its own territory , for example , in relation to entry into the country , national service , duty to vote , etc. . Similarly , it may not permit consular access by another country for a person who is also its national . Some countries prohibit dual citizenship holders from serving in their military , on police forces or holding certain public offices . ", "Public broadcasting includes radio , television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service . In much of the world , funding comes from the government , especially via annual fees charged on receivers . In the United States , public broadcasters may receive some funding from both federal and state sources , but generally most financial support comes from underwriting by foundations and businesses ranging from small shops to corporations , along with audience contributions via pledge drives . The great majority are operated as private not-for-profit corporations . Public broadcasting may be nationally or locally operated , depending on the country and the station . In some countries , public broadcasting is run by a single organization . Other countries have multiple public broadcasting organizations operating regionally or in different languages . Historically , public broadcasting was once the dominant or only form of broadcasting in many countries -LRB- with the notable exception of the United States -RRB- . Commercial broadcasting now also exists in most of these countries ; the number of countries with only public broadcasting declined substantially during the latter part of the 20th century . ", "The Habsburg Monarchy -LRB- Habsburgermonarchie -RRB- or Empire , is an unofficial appellation #English among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918 . The Monarchy was a composite state composed of territories within and outside the Holy Roman Empire , united only in the person of the monarch . The dynastic capital was Vienna , except from 1583 to 1611 , when it was moved to Prague . From 1804 to 1867 the Habsburg Monarchy was formally unified as the Austrian Empire , and from 1867 to 1918 as the Austro-Hungarian Empire . The head of the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg was often elected Holy Roman Emperor : from 1415 until the Empire 's dissolution in 1806 , Charles VII of Bavaria -LRB- 1742-1745 -RRB- was the only Holy Roman Emperor who was not Habsburg ruler of Austria . The two entities were never coterminous , as the Habsburg Monarchy covered many lands beyond the Holy Roman Empire , and most of the Empire was ruled by other dynasties . This Austrian Habsburg Monarchy must not be confused with the House of Habsburg , existing since the 11th century , whose vast domains were split up in 1521 between this ` junior ' Austrian branch and the ` senior ' Spanish branch . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Emperor_Norton", "L'Empereur_Smith", "Multiple_citizenship", "Public_broadcasting", "Habsburg_Monarchy" ]

[ "Joshua Abraham Norton -LRB- 1818 -- January 8 , 1880 -RRB- , known as Emperor Norton , was a citizen of San Francisco , California , who in 1859 proclaimed himself `` Norton I , Emperor of the United States '' and subsequently `` Protector of Mexico '' . Born in England , Norton spent most of his early life in South Africa . After the death of his mother in 1846 and his father in 1848 , he sailed west , arriving in San Francisco possibly in November 1849 . Norton initially made a living as a businessman , but he lost his fortune investing in Peruvian rice . After losing a lawsuit in which he tried to void his rice contract , Norton 's public prominence faded . He reemerged in September 1859 , laying claim to the position of Emperor of the United States . Although he had no political power , and his influence extended only so far as he was humored by those around him , he was treated deferentially in San Francisco , and currency issued in his name was honored in the establishments he frequented . Though some considered him insane or eccentric , citizens of San Francisco celebrated his regal presence and his proclamations , such as his order that the United States Congress be dissolved by force and his numerous decrees calling for a bridge crossing connecting San Francisco to Oakland , and a corresponding tunnel to be built under San Francisco Bay . Long after his death , similar structures were built in the form of the San Francisco -- Oakland Bay Bridge and the Transbay Tube , and there have been campaigns to rename the bridge `` The Emperor Norton Bridge '' . On January 8 , 1880 , Norton collapsed at the corner of California and Dupont -LRB- now Grant -RRB- streets and died before he could be given medical treatment . At his funeral two days later , nearly 30,000 people packed the streets of San Francisco to pay homage . Norton has been immortalized as the basis of characters in the literature of writers Mark Twain , Robert Louis Stevenson , Christopher Moore , Morris and Goscinny , Selma Lagerlöf , and Neil Gaiman . ", "L'Empereur Smith is a Lucky Luke adventure written by Goscinny and illustrated by Morris . It is the forty fifth book in the series and It was originally published in French in the year 1976 . The story is loosely based on the life of the historical Emperor Norton of San Francisco . ", "Multiple citizenship , also called dual citizenship or multiple nationality or dual nationality , is a person 's citizenship status , in which a person is concurrently regarded as a citizen of more than one state under the laws of those states . There is no international convention which determines the nationality or citizen status of a person , which is defined exclusively by national laws , which vary and can be inconsistent with each other . Multiple citizenship arises because different countries use different , and not necessarily mutually exclusive , criteria for citizenship . Colloquial speech refers to people `` holding '' multiple citizenship but technically each nation makes a claim that this person be considered its national . Some countries do not permit dual citizenship . This may be by requiring an applicant for naturalisation to renounce all existing citizenship , or by withdrawing its citizenship from someone who voluntarily acquires another citizenship , or by other devices . Some countries do not permit a renunciation of citizenship . Some countries permit a general dual citizenship while others permit dual citizenship but only of a limited number of countries . Most countries that permit dual citizenship still may not recognize the other citizenship of its nationals within its own territory , for example , in relation to entry into the country , national service , duty to vote , etc. . Similarly , it may not permit consular access by another country for a person who is also its national . Some countries prohibit dual citizenship holders from serving in their military , on police forces or holding certain public offices . ", "Public broadcasting includes radio , television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service . In much of the world , funding comes from the government , especially via annual fees charged on receivers . In the United States , public broadcasters may receive some funding from both federal and state sources , but generally most financial support comes from underwriting by foundations and businesses ranging from small shops to corporations , along with audience contributions via pledge drives . The great majority are operated as private not-for-profit corporations . Public broadcasting may be nationally or locally operated , depending on the country and the station . In some countries , public broadcasting is run by a single organization . Other countries have multiple public broadcasting organizations operating regionally or in different languages . Historically , public broadcasting was once the dominant or only form of broadcasting in many countries -LRB- with the notable exception of the United States -RRB- . Commercial broadcasting now also exists in most of these countries ; the number of countries with only public broadcasting declined substantially during the latter part of the 20th century . ", "The Habsburg Monarchy -LRB- Habsburgermonarchie -RRB- or Empire , is an unofficial appellation #English among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918 . The Monarchy was a composite state composed of territories within and outside the Holy Roman Empire , united only in the person of the monarch . The dynastic capital was Vienna , except from 1583 to 1611 , when it was moved to Prague . From 1804 to 1867 the Habsburg Monarchy was formally unified as the Austrian Empire , and from 1867 to 1918 as the Austro-Hungarian Empire . The head of the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg was often elected Holy Roman Emperor : from 1415 until the Empire 's dissolution in 1806 , Charles VII of Bavaria -LRB- 1742-1745 -RRB- was the only Holy Roman Emperor who was not Habsburg ruler of Austria . The two entities were never coterminous , as the Habsburg Monarchy covered many lands beyond the Holy Roman Empire , and most of the Empire was ruled by other dynasties . This Austrian Habsburg Monarchy must not be confused with the House of Habsburg , existing since the 11th century , whose vast domains were split up in 1521 between this ` junior ' Austrian branch and the ` senior ' Spanish branch . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Boxing_Helena", "Krylatskoye_Sports_Palace", "Sherilyn_Fenn", "List_of_Mexican_boxing_world_champions", "England_Boxing" ]

[ "Boxing Helena is a 1993 American romantic mystery thriller film with horror elements directed by Jennifer Lynch , and starring Sherilyn Fenn , Julian Sands , and Bill Paxton . The plot follows a surgeon whose growing obsession with a woman leads him to amputate her limbs and hold her captive in his home after she suffers a car accident . The film garnered notoriety prior to its release after protracted legal battles with Madonna and Kim Basinger , both of whom backed out of the leading role of Helena . It debuted at the Sundance Film Festival in January 1993 , where it received critical praise . After receiving an NC-17 rating by the MPAA , the film was given an R-rating on appeal and released in the United States in September 1993 , but received critical backlash and was a financial failure . ", "Krylatskoye Sports Palace is a multi-purpose indoor sporting arena that is located in Moscow , Russia . The arena has mainly been used to host futsal , boxing , and basketball . The seating capacity of the arena is for 5,000 people . ", "Sherilyn Fenn -LRB- born Sheryl Ann Fenn February 1 , 1965 -RRB- is an American actress . She came to attention for her performance as Audrey Horne on the 1990 cult TV series Twin Peaks -LRB- 1990 -- 1991 -RRB- for which she was nominated a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award . She is also known for her roles in Of Mice and Men -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , Boxing Helena -LRB- 1993 -RRB- and the television sitcom Rude Awakening -LRB- 1998 -- 2001 -RRB- . ", "In Mexico , boxing is considered a major sport , having produced over 179 world champions in professional boxing . Mexico ranks first worldwide between countries with most boxing world champions and is the only country to have world champions accredited in all of the current boxing divisions except the Heavyweight division . ", "England Boxing , known until 2013 as the Amateur Boxing Association of England , is the governing body of amateur boxing clubs in England . There are separate organisations for Scotland and Wales with boxing in Northern Ireland being organised on an All-Ireland basis . The Association was founded in 1880 . In 1881 it organised the first ABA Championships the following year . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Boxing_Helena", "Krylatskoye_Sports_Palace", "Sherilyn_Fenn", "List_of_Mexican_boxing_world_champions", "England_Boxing" ]

[ "Boxing Helena is a 1993 American romantic mystery thriller film with horror elements directed by Jennifer Lynch , and starring Sherilyn Fenn , Julian Sands , and Bill Paxton . The plot follows a surgeon whose growing obsession with a woman leads him to amputate her limbs and hold her captive in his home after she suffers a car accident . The film garnered notoriety prior to its release after protracted legal battles with Madonna and Kim Basinger , both of whom backed out of the leading role of Helena . It debuted at the Sundance Film Festival in January 1993 , where it received critical praise . After receiving an NC-17 rating by the MPAA , the film was given an R-rating on appeal and released in the United States in September 1993 , but received critical backlash and was a financial failure . ", "Krylatskoye Sports Palace is a multi-purpose indoor sporting arena that is located in Moscow , Russia . The arena has mainly been used to host futsal , boxing , and basketball . The seating capacity of the arena is for 5,000 people . ", "Sherilyn Fenn -LRB- born Sheryl Ann Fenn February 1 , 1965 -RRB- is an American actress . She came to attention for her performance as Audrey Horne on the 1990 cult TV series Twin Peaks -LRB- 1990 -- 1991 -RRB- for which she was nominated a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award . She is also known for her roles in Of Mice and Men -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , Boxing Helena -LRB- 1993 -RRB- and the television sitcom Rude Awakening -LRB- 1998 -- 2001 -RRB- . ", "In Mexico , boxing is considered a major sport , having produced over 179 world champions in professional boxing . Mexico ranks first worldwide between countries with most boxing world champions and is the only country to have world champions accredited in all of the current boxing divisions except the Heavyweight division . ", "England Boxing , known until 2013 as the Amateur Boxing Association of England , is the governing body of amateur boxing clubs in England . There are separate organisations for Scotland and Wales with boxing in Northern Ireland being organised on an All-Ireland basis . The Association was founded in 1880 . In 1881 it organised the first ABA Championships the following year . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Elizabeth_Olsen", "Liberal_Arts_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Martha_Marcy_May_Marlene", "Dylan_Olsen", "Gustav_A._Olsen-Berg" ]

[ "Elizabeth Chase `` Lizzie '' Olsen -LRB- born February 16 , 1989 -RRB- is an American actress . She is known for her roles in the films Silent House -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Liberal Arts -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Godzilla -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Avengers : Age of Ultron -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and Captain America : Civil War -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . For her role in the critically acclaimed Martha Marcy May Marlene -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , she was nominated for numerous awards including the Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead . She is the younger sister of actresses and fashion designers Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen . ", "Liberal Arts is a 2012 American comedy-drama film . The second film directed by , written by , and starring Josh Radnor , it tells the story of 35-year-old Jesse -LRB- Radnor -RRB- who has a romantic relationship with Zibby -LRB- Elizabeth Olsen -RRB- , a 19-year-old college student . The film premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival in January 2012 . ", "Martha Marcy May Marlene is a 2011 American thriller drama film written and directed by Sean Durkin , and starring Elizabeth Olsen , John Hawkes , Sarah Paulson , and Hugh Dancy . The plot focuses on a young woman suffering from delusions and paranoia after returning to her family from an abusive cult in the Catskill Mountains . The film contains several references to the music of Jackson C. Frank . ", "Dylan D. Olsen -LRB- born January 3 , 1991 in Salt Lake City , Utah and raised in Calgary , Alberta -RRB- is an American-Canadian professional ice hockey player . He is currently an unrestricted free agent who most recently played for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League -LRB- NHL -RRB- . Olsen was drafted 28th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks during the 2009 NHL Entry Draft . He played his junior hockey with the Camrose Kodiaks of the Alberta Junior Hockey League -LRB- AJHL -RRB- , and played college ice hockey at the University of Minnesota Duluth of the NCAA . ", "Gustav A. Olsen-Berg -LRB- March 31 , 1862 -- August 19 , 1896 -RRB- was a Norwegian typographer and politician -LRB- Norwegian Labour Party -RRB- . He was the chairman of the Norwegian Labour Party 1893 -- 1894 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Marcus_Aurélio", "Artūrs_Ņikiforenko", "Brazilian_jiu-jitsu", "Geny_Rebello", "Oswaldo_Fadda" ]

[ "Marcus Aurélio Martins -LRB- -LSB- ˈmaʁkuz awˈɾɛliu -RSB- ; born August 18 , 1974 -RRB- is a Brazilian mixed martial artist . He formerly fought for the PRIDE Fighting Championships and for the Ultimate Fighting Championship . He currently fights as a lightweight , and primarily employs Brazilian Jiu Jitsu . He is known for having never been finished in MMA competition . ", "Artūrs Ņikiforenko -LRB- born 3 May 1992 -RRB- is a Latvian heavyweight judoka and Brazilian Jiu Jitsu -LRB- BJJ -RRB- competitor . He competed at the 2016 Olympics , where he was eliminated in the first bout . In 2017 he won the European Championship -LRB- Brazilian jiu-jitsu -RRB- . ", "Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu -LRB- -LSB- dʒuːˈdʒɪtsuː -RSB- -LSB- ˈʒiw ˈʒitsu -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʒu ˈʒitsu -RSB- , -LSB- dʒiˈu dʒiˈtsu -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- BJJ ; jiu-jitsu brasileiro -RRB- is a martial art , combat sport system that focuses on grappling and especially ground fighting . Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu was formed from Kodokan judo ground fighting -LRB- newaza -RRB- fundamentals that were taught by a number of individuals including Takeo Yano , Mitsuyo Maeda and Soshihiro Satake . Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu eventually came to be its own art through the experiments , practices , and adaptation of judo through Carlos and Helio Gracie -LRB- who passed their knowledge on to their extended family -RRB- as well as other instructors who were students of Maeda , such as Luiz Franca . BJJ promotes the concept that a smaller , weaker person can successfully defend against a bigger , stronger , heavier assailant by using proper technique , leverage , and most notably , taking the fight to the ground , and then applying joint-locks and chokeholds to defeat the opponent . BJJ training can be used for sport grappling tournaments and in self-defense situations . Sparring -LRB- commonly referred to as rolling -RRB- and live drilling play a major role in training , and a premium is placed on performance , especially in competition , in relation to progress and ascension through its ranking system . Since its inception in 1882 , its parent art of judo was separated from older systems of Japanese jujutsu by an important difference that was passed on to Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu : it is not solely a martial art , but it is also a sport ; a method for promoting physical fitness and building character in young people ; and , ultimately , a way -LRB- Do -RRB- of life . ", "Geny Rebello -LRB- born 1927 -RRB- is a grandmaster of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu holding a 9th degree red belt . In 1997 , Jiu-Jitsu Federation of Rio de Janeiro held a tournament named Copa 70 anos Mestre Geny Rebello in commemoration of his 70th anniversary . ", "Oswaldo Baptista Fadda -LRB- January 15 , 1921 -- April 1 , 2005 -RRB- was a practitioner of Brazilian jiu-jitsu , reaching the rank of `` nono grau '' , a ninth grade red belt . He is known for being one of the highest ranked non-Gracie black belts and also for teaching students from the poorer areas of Rio de Janeiro , where jiu-jitsu was regarded as an upper-class sport . Fadda 's lineage , the most prominent second to the Carlos Gracie lineage , still survives through his links with today 's teams such as Nova União , Grappling Fight Team , as well as Deo Jiu-Jitsu -LRB- Deoclecio Paulo -RRB- and Equipe Mestre Wilson Jiu-Jitsu -LRB- Wilson Pereira Mattos -RRB- . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Aeneas", "Anchises", "Aeneid", "Dido_and_Aeneas", "British_folklore" ]

[ "In Greco-Roman mythology , Aeneas -LRB- -LSB- ᵻˈniːəs -RSB- Greek : Αἰνείας , Aineías , possibly derived from Greek αἰνή meaning `` praised '' -RRB- was a Trojan hero , the son of the prince Anchises and the goddess Venus -LRB- Aphrodite -RRB- . His father was a first cousin of King Priam of Troy -LRB- both being grandsons of Ilus , founder of Troy -RRB- , making Aeneas a second cousin to Priam 's children -LRB- such as Hector and Paris -RRB- . He is a character in Greek mythology and is mentioned in Homer 's Iliad . Aeneas receives full treatment in Roman mythology , most extensively in Virgil 's Aeneid , where he is an ancestor of Romulus and Remus . He became the first true hero of Rome . Snorri Sturluson identifies him with the Norse Æsir Vidarr . ", "In Greek mythology , Anchises -LRB- -LSB- ænˈkaɪsiːz -RSB- or -LSB- æŋˈkaɪsiːz -RSB- ; , -LSB- aŋkʰi͜ísɛ͜ɛs -RSB- -RRB- was the son of Capys and Themiste -LRB- daughter of Ilus , who was son of Tros -RRB- . He was the father of Aeneas and a member of the royal family of Troy . His major claim to fame in Greek mythology is that he was a mortal lover of the goddess Aphrodite -LRB- and in Roman mythology , the lover of Venus -RRB- . One version is that Aphrodite pretended to be a Phrygian princess and seduced him . She later revealed herself and informed him that they would have a son named Aeneas . Aphrodite had warned him that if he boasted of the affair , he would be blasted by the thunderbolt of Zeus . He did not heed her warning and was struck with a thunderbolt , which in different versions either blinds him or kills him . The principal early narrative of Aphrodite 's seduction of Anchises and the birth of Aeneas is the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite . According to the Bibliotheca , Anchises and Aphrodite had another son , Lyrus , who died childless . He later had a mortal wife named Eriopis , according to the scholiasts , and he is credited with other children beside Aeneas and Lyrus . Homer , in the Iliad , mentions a daughter named Hippodameia , their eldest -LRB- `` the darling of her father and mother '' -RRB- , who married her cousin Alcathous . After the defeat of Troy in the Trojan War , the elderly Anchises was carried from the burning city by his son Aeneas , accompanied by Aeneas ' wife Creusa , who died in the escape attempt , and small son Ascanius . The subject is depicted in several paintings , including a famous version by Federico Barocci in the Galleria Borghese in Rome . The rescue is also mentioned in a speech in Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar when Cassius attempts to persuade Brutus to murder Caesar . Anchises himself died and was buried in Sicily many years later . Aeneas later visited Hades and saw his father again in the Elysian Fields . Homer 's Iliad mentions another Anchises , a wealthy native of Sicyon in Greece and father of Echepolus . ", "The Aeneid -LRB- -LSB- ᵻˈniːɪd -RSB- Aeneis -LSB- ae̯ˈneːɪs -RSB- -RRB- is a Latin epic poem , written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC , that tells the legendary story of Aeneas , a Trojan who travelled to Italy , where he became the ancestor of the Romans . It comprises 9,896 lines in dactylic hexameter . The first six of the poem 's twelve books tell the story of Aeneas 's wanderings from Troy to Italy , and the poem 's second half tells of the Trojans ' ultimately victorious war upon the Latins , under whose name Aeneas and his Trojan followers are destined to be subsumed . The hero Aeneas was already known to Greco-Roman legend and myth , having been a character in the Iliad . Virgil took the disconnected tales of Aeneas 's wanderings , his vague association with the foundation of Rome and a personage of no fixed characteristics other than a scrupulous pietas , and fashioned this into a compelling founding myth or national epic that at once tied Rome to the legends of Troy , explained the Punic Wars , glorified traditional Roman virtues , and legitimized the Julio-Claudian dynasty as descendants of the founders , heroes , and gods of Rome and Troy . The Aeneid is widely regarded as Virgil 's masterpiece and one of the greatest works of Latin literature . ", "Dido and Aeneas -LRB- Z. 626 -RRB- is an opera in a prologue and three acts , written by the English Baroque composer Henry Purcell with a libretto by Nahum Tate . The dates of the composition and first performance of the opera are uncertain . It was composed no later than July 1688 , and had been performed at Josias Priest 's girls ' school in London by the end of 1689 . Some scholars argue for a date of composition as early as 1683 . The story is based on Book IV of Virgil 's Aeneid . It recounts the love of Dido , Queen of Carthage , for the Trojan hero Aeneas , and her despair when he abandons her . A monumental work in Baroque opera , Dido and Aeneas is remembered as one of Purcell 's foremost theatrical works . It was also Purcell 's only true opera , as well as his only all-sung dramatic work . One of the earliest known English operas , it owes much to John Blow 's Venus and Adonis , both in structure and in overall effect . The influence of Cavalli 's opera Didone is also apparent . ", "British folklore may refer to : English mythology Scottish mythology Welsh mythology Irish mythology British folklore may also refer to : Celtic mythology , a mythos prior to the partitioning of Britain The Matter of Britain , a pan-British mythos King Arthur , a legendary king Anglo-Saxon paganism Hebridean mythology and folklore Breton mythology " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Airbus_A380", "TACA_Flight_390", "Take_Flight_-LRB-album-RRB-", "SOGEPA", "US_Airways_Flight_1549" ]

[ "The Airbus A380 is a double-deck , wide-body , four-engine jet airliner manufactured by European manufacturer Airbus . It is the world 's largest passenger airliner , and the airports at which it operates have upgraded facilities to accommodate it . It was initially named Airbus A3XX and designed to challenge Boeing 's monopoly in the large-aircraft market . The A380 made its first flight on 27 April 2005 and entered commercial service on 25 October 2007 with Singapore Airlines . The A380 's upper deck extends along the entire length of the fuselage , with a width equivalent to a wide-body aircraft . This gives the A380-800 's cabin 550 m2 of usable floor space , 40 % more than the next largest airliner , the Boeing 747-8 , and provides seating for 525 people in a typical three-class configuration or up to 853 people in an all-economy class configuration . The A380-800 has a design range of 15700 km , serving the second - and third-longest non-stop scheduled flights in the world -LRB- as of February 2017 -RRB- , and a cruising speed of Mach 0.85 -LRB- about 900 km/h , 560 mph or 490 kt at cruising altitude -RRB- . , Airbus had received 317 firm orders and delivered 210 aircraft ; Emirates is the biggest A380 customer with 142 ordered of which 94 have been delivered . ", "TACA Flight 390 was a scheduled flight on May 30 , 2008 , by TACA Airlines from San Salvador , El Salvador , to Miami , Florida , United States , with intermediate stops at Tegucigalpa and San Pedro Sula in Honduras . In this hull loss accident , the Airbus A320-233 -LRB- registration EI-TAF , c/n 1374 -RRB- overran the runway after landing at Tegucigalpa 's Toncontín International Airport and rolled out into a street , crashing into an embankment and smashing several cars in the process . ", "Take Flight is the debut album of Sylvester Sim . It was released on April 8 , 2005 . It was certified Platinum on August 2005 . ", "SOGEPA -LRB- Societé de Gestion de Participations Aéronautiques -RRB- is a French holding company owned completely by the government of France . It is one of the largest public bodies investing in European aerospace technology , indirectly owning 10.94 % shares of Airbus Group as at 31 December 2014 . In 2005 the state of France owned 15 % via SOGEADE . It was under supervision of Agence des participations de l'État . In 2014 SOGEPA became one of the major shareholders of PSA Peugeot Citroën . ", "US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320-214 which , three minutes after takeoff from New York City 's LaGuardia Airport on January 15 , 2009 , struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power . Unable to reach any airport , pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off midtown Manhattan . All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats and there were few serious injuries . The incident came to be known as the `` Miracle on the Hudson '' , and a National Transportation Safety Board official described it as `` the most successful ditching in aviation history . '' The Board also rejected the notion that the ditching could have been avoided had the crew immediately returned to LaGuardia or diverted to nearby Teterboro airport . The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master 's Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their `` heroic and unique aviation achievement '' . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Azithromycin", "Hi-Chew", "USS_Experiment", "Toffifee", "List_of_best-selling_singles_by_year_in_the_United_Kingdom" ]

[ "Azithromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections . This includes middle ear infections , strep throat , pneumonia , traveler 's diarrhea , and certain other intestinal infections . It may also be used for a number of sexually transmitted infections including chlamydia and gonorrhea infections . Along with other medications , it may also be used for malaria . It can be taken by mouth or intravenously with doses once per day . Common side effects include nausea , vomiting , diarrhea and upset stomach . An allergic reaction or a type of diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile is possible . No harm has been found with its use during pregnancy . Its safety during breastfeeding is not confirmed , but it is likely safe . Azithromycin is an azalide , a type of macrolide antibiotic . It works by decreasing the production of protein , thus stopping bacterial growth . Azithromycin was first made in 1980 . It is on the World Health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines , the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system . It is available as a generic medication and is sold under many trade names worldwide . The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 0.18 to 2.98 USD per dose . In the United States it is about 33 USD for a course of treatment . ", "is a Japanese fruit chew sold by Morinaga & Company . ", "USS Experiment may refer to : , was a schooner launched in 1799 and sold in 1801 , was a schooner launched in 1832 and sold in 1848 Category : United States Navy ship names ", "Toffifee -LRB- known in the United States as Toffifay -RRB- is a German brand of caramel candies , owned by the Berlin-based German company August Storck KG . Toffifee are caramel cups containing nougat , caramel and a hazelnut , topped with a chocolate button . They are sold in 4 , 12 , 15 , 24 , 30 , 48 and 96 piece boxes . First sold in Germany in 1973 , Toffifee were marketed as a product `` for the whole family '' . By 2016 , Toffifee were being sold in over 100 countries . ", "This is a list of the best-selling singles on the UK Singles Chart for each year . Note that the Number sold section denotes the amount sold within the year , not in total , as very often the single continues to sell more in later years -LRB- and sometimes other singles released within a particular year will go on to outsell the year-end winner -LRB- e.g. Kylie Minogue and Jason Donovan 's `` Especially for You '' -LRB- from 1988 -RRB- ultimately outsold `` Mistletoe and Wine '' -RRB- . The best-selling UK single of all time is `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' by Elton John , which sold 4,770,000 copies . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Kevin_Bacon", "The_Woodsman_-LRB-2004_film-RRB-", "Sleepers", "Kevin_Hogan_-LRB-footballer,_born_1934-RRB-", "Silver_Koulouris" ]

[ "Kevin Norwood Bacon -LRB- born July 8 , 1958 -RRB- is an American actor and musician . His notable films include musical-drama film Footloose -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , the controversial historical conspiracy legal thriller JFK -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , the legal drama A Few Good Men -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , the historical docudrama Apollo 13 -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , and the mystery drama Mystic River -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . Bacon is also known for taking on darker roles such as that of a sadistic guard in Sleepers and troubled former child abuser in a critically acclaimed performance in The Woodsman . Also on television , he starred in the Fox series The Following from 2013 to 2015 . Bacon has won a Golden Globe Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards , and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award . The Guardian named him one of the best actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination . In 2003 , Bacon received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion pictures industry . Bacon has become an icon for the concept of interconnectedness -LRB- as in social networks -RRB- , having been popularized by the game `` Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon '' . In 2007 , he created SixDegrees.org , a charitable foundation . ", "The Woodsman is a 2004 drama film directed and co-written -LRB- with Steven Fechter -RRB- by Nicole Kassell , based on Fechter 's play of the same name . The movie stars Kevin Bacon as a convicted child molester who must adjust to life after prison . The movie 's name refers to the woodsman from the fairy tale of Little Red Riding Hood who kills the wolf to save the titular child . ", "Sleepers is a 1996 American legal crime drama film written , produced , and directed by Barry Levinson , and based on Lorenzo Carcaterra 's 1995 novel of the same name . The film starred Kevin Bacon , Jason Patric , Brad Pitt , Robert De Niro , Dustin Hoffman , Minnie Driver and Vittorio Gassmann . ", "Kevin Hogan -LRB- born 6 October 1934 -RRB- is a former Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League -LRB- VFL -RRB- . ", "Anargyros `` Silver '' Koulouris -LRB- born 26 January 1947 -RRB- is a Greek musician best known for his membership in the band Aphrodite 's Child , in which he played lead guitar . He has also performed session work on a plethora of albums by other artists , including those of his former Aphrodite 's Child bandmates , throughout the 1970s and 1980s , and in recent decades he has released solo recordings under his own name . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Gray_Matters", "Inland_-LRB-Jars_of_Clay_album-RRB-", "Spell_–_Dolce_mattatoio", "Woman's_World_-LRB-1967_film-RRB-", "Trash_Fire" ]

[ "Gray Matters is a 2006 romantic comedy film directed by Sue Kramer , starring Heather Graham , Tom Cavanagh and Bridget Moynahan . It premiered on October 21 , 2006 at the Hamptons International Film Festival and had a United States limited theatrical release on February 23 , 2007 . ", "Inland is the eleventh full-length studio album by rock band Jars of Clay , which was released on August 27 , 2013 by Gray Matters label . The album was produced by Tucker Martine at Flora Recording & Playback in Portland , Oregon . The album has seen significant charting successes , and has garnered critical acclamation . ", "Spell -- Dolce mattatoio -LRB- Spell -- Sweet Abattoir , better known in English as Man Woman Beast -RRB- is a 1977 Italian film directed by Alberto Cavallone . ", "Woman 's World -LRB- -LSB- Бабье царство , Babye tsarstvo -RSB- -RRB- is a 1967 war film directed by Alexey Saltykov . The film was a box-office leader in the USSR in the year 1968 , fourth place - 49.6 million viewers . ", "Trash Fire is a 2016 American comedy horror film written and directed by Richard Bates Jr. , and starring Adrian Grenier , Angela Trimbur , Fionnula Flanagan , AnnaLynne McCord , Matthew Gray Gubler , and Sally Kirkland . The film had its world premiere at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on January 23 , 2016 , and was released in a limited release and through video on demand on November 3 , 2016 , by Vertical Entertainment and Orion Pictures . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 0, 2 ]

[ "Kumkum_Bhagya", "Randhir_Singh", "Adesh_Partap_Singh_Kairon", "Matvar_Singh_Kandari", "Bhagwant_Singh_Bangeshwar" ]

[ "Kumkum Bhagya -LRB- English : Vermillion In My Fate -RRB- is a Hindi-language Indian soap opera which premiered on 15 April 2014 . and is broadcast on weeknights on Zee TV . The show is loosely based on the novel Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen . Kumkum Bhagya is its Indian interpretation , which follows the life of a Hindu-Punjabi matriarch , Sarla Arora , who runs a marriage hall . Sarla lives with the hope of seeing her two daughters Pragya and Bulbul , happily married some day . The pivotal characters of this show are strong , feisty women , living together in an all-female matriarchal family . The series stars Sriti Jha , Shabbir Ahluwalia with Mrunal Thakur , Arjit Taneja/Vin Rana , Shikha Singh and Leena Jumani in supporting roles . The series is produced by Ekta Kapoor under the banner Balaji Telefilms . Continuing her tradition , Ekta Kapoor has named the series starting with the letter `` K '' because she feels it is lucky . The show is directed by Sameer Kulkarni and developed by Ekta Kapoor . ", "Randhir Singh may refer to : Randhir Singh of Kapurthala , ruler of the Indian princely state of Kapurthala Randhir Singh of Bharatpur -LRB- died 1823 -RRB- , ruler of the Indian princely state of Bharatpur Randhir Singh -LRB- Sikh -RRB- -LRB- 1878 -- 1961 -RRB- , regarded by many Sikhs as a Saint Randhir Singh -LRB- sport shooter -RRB- -LRB- born 1946 -RRB- , former Olympic-level trap and skeet shooter and now sports administrator Randhir Singh -LRB- cricketer -RRB- -LRB- born 1957 -RRB- , former Indian cricketer Randhir Singh -LRB- academic -RRB- -LRB- 1922-2016 -RRB- , Indian political theorist ", "Adesh Pratap Singh Kairon -LRB- born 1959 -RRB- is a politician from Punjab , India . He belongs to the Kairon political family and is currently the longest serving minister in the state of Punjab . He is the great-grandson of Nihal Singh Kairon , grandson of Pratap Singh Kairon , son of Surinder Singh Kairon , son-in-law of Parkash Singh Badal , nephew of Harcharan Singh Brar and brother-in-law of Sukhbir Singh Badal . He is a four-time Member of Legislative Assembly in the Punjab Legislative Assembly from the Patti Constituency . He has served thrice as a minister . He has held the portfolios of Excise and Taxation , Food and IT . He holds a BTech degree from Punjab Engineering College and an MBA from Northwestern University 's Kellogg School of Management . He has two sons . ", "Matvar Singh Kandari -LRB- sometimes Matbar Singh Kandari -RRB- is a political leader and cabinet minister in present government of Uttarakhand state of India . ", "Sardar Bhagwant Singh Bangeshwar -LRB- Sarkar-i-Bangash Umra-i-Azam Sardar Bhagwant Singh -RRB- was an Indian ruler of Bangash -LRB- in present-day Punjab state of Pakistan -RRB- of the 18th century . He was a cousin of Bhai Mani Singh . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Nathan_Hale_Williams", "Chumlee", "Barry_Primus", "Jiang_Wen", "Huy_Yaleng" ]

[ "Nathan Hale Williams -LRB- born 1976 -RRB- is an American film producer , television producer , and entertainment attorney . He is also an actor and former model . ", "Austin Lee Russell -LRB- born September 8 , 1982 -RRB- , better known by his stage name of Chumlee , is an American actor , businessman and reality television personality , known as a cast member on the History Channel television show Pawn Stars , which depicts the daily business at the Gold and Silver Pawn Shop in Las Vegas where Russell works as an employee . Chumlee came to work at the pawn shop five years before filming of the first season , having been a childhood friend of Corey Harrison , whose father , Rick Harrison , and grandfather , Richard Benjamin Harrison , opened the shop in 1989 . On the show , he is often portrayed as the comic foil , but often appraises items in his area of expertise of pinball machines , sneakers and video games , and is considered the breakout character of the series . ", "Barry Primus -LRB- born February 16 , 1938 -RRB- is an American television and film actor , director , and writer . ", "Jiang Wen -LRB- born 5 January 1963 -RRB- is a Chinese film actor , screenwriter , and director . As a director , he is sometimes grouped with the `` Sixth Generation '' that emerged in the 1990s . Jiang is also well known internationally as an actor , having starred with Gong Li in Zhang Yimou 's debut film Red Sorghum -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , and more recently as Baze Malbus in the Star Wars anthology film Rogue One -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . He is the older brother of fellow actor Jiang Wu . ", "Huy Yaleng is film director and actor from Cambodia . As an actor , he has acted in Pteah khmaoch tinh . He has worked on Vikaljarek in the capacity of actor and director . Other films from his country that he has worked on include Ghost Bought a House , Ghost is on the Banana Tree and Mao Svet -LRB- Stingy Person -RRB- . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Victor_Frankenstein_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Ciara_McAvoy", "Max_Landis", "Billy_the_Kid_Versus_Dracula", "AI_takeovers_in_popular_culture" ]

[ "Victor Frankenstein is a 2015 American science fiction fantasy horror film based on contemporary adaptations of Mary Shelley 's 1818 novel Frankenstein . It is directed by Paul McGuigan and written by Max Landis . Starring James McAvoy as Victor Frankenstein and Daniel Radcliffe as Igor , the film was released by 20th Century Fox on November 25 , 2015 . Told from Igor 's perspective , it shows the troubled young assistant 's dark origins and his redemptive friendship with the young medical student , Victor Frankenstein . Through Igor 's eyes , the audience witnesses the emergence of Frankenstein as the man from the legend we know today . Eventually , their experiments get them into trouble with the authorities , and Dr. Frankenstein and Igor become fugitives as they complete their goals to use science as a way to create life from death . The film received generally negative reviews and became a box office bomb , grossing $ 34.2 million against a budget of $ 40 million . ", "Ciara McAvoy is a Scottish artist who primarily creates hand-drawn film posters using oil paint . Her work has been used by a wide variety of movie studios and production companies for modern films like X-Men : First Class and Filth . She has also painted posters for classic film series like Star Wars and Indiana Jones . McAvoy has won numerous awards for her work in the film industry , including a Davey Award and a Creativity International Award for her Filth poster in 2014 and five total Communicator Awards in 2015 for Filth , X-Men , and Star Wars Revenge of the Sith . Her current work includes projects for the film Enemy of Man and Victor Frankenstein . ", "Max Landis -LRB- born August 3 , 1985 -RRB- is an American screenwriter , director , producer , comic book writer , and actor . He is best known for writing the films Chronicle -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , American Ultra -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and Victor Frankenstein -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , as well as a variety of short films including The Death and Return of Superman and Wrestling Is n't Wrestling . Recently , he has acted as an executive producer on the Syfy anthology horror series Channel Zero , as well as creator and showrunner for the American adaptation of Douglas Adams ' science fiction detective comedy novel series Dirk Gently 's Holistic Detective Agency on BBC America , which both premiered in October 2016 . Landis has also written for comic books , beginning as the author of the DC Comics seven-issue mini-series Superman : American Alien -LRB- 2015-2016 -RRB- and continuing with the nine-issue medieval fantasy drama series Green Valley for Image Comics -LRB- 2016 -- present -RRB- . He is the son of director John Landis and costume designer and historian Deborah Nadoolman Landis . ", "Billy the Kid vs. Dracula is a 1966 American low-budget horror-Western film directed by William Beaudine . It was released theatrically as part of a double bill , along with Jesse James Meets Frankenstein 's Daughter . Both films were shot in eight days at Corriganville Movie Ranch and at Paramount Studios in mid 1965 ; both were the final feature films of director William Beaudine . The film revolves around the eponymous outlaw played by stuntman Chuck Courtney trying to save his fiancee from Dracula -LRB- John Carradine repeating his role from the low-budget Universal Studios movie sequels to the Bela Lugosi classic -RRB- . The films were produced by television producer Carroll Case for Joseph E. Levine . Oddly , the name `` Dracula '' is never mentioned in the film , nor is Carradine credited as playing him in the credits . ", "AI takeover is a common theme in science fiction . Fictional scenarios typically differ vastly from those hypothesized by researchers in that they involve an active conflict between humans and an AI or robots with anthropomorphic motives who see them as a threat or otherwise have active desire to fight humans , as opposed to the researchers ' concern of an AI that rapidly exterminates humans as a byproduct of pursuing arbitrary goals . This theme is at least as old as Karel Čapek 's R. U. R. , which introduced the word robot to the global lexicon in 1921 , and can even be glimpsed in Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein -LRB- published in 1818 -RRB- , as Victor ponders whether , if he grants his monster 's request and makes him a wife , they would reproduce and their kind would destroy humanity . The word `` robot '' from R.U.R. comes from the Czech word , robota , meaning laborer or serf . The 1920 play was a protest against the rapid growth of technology , featuring manufactured `` robots '' with increasing capabilities who eventually revolt . " ]

[ 2, 1, 2, 1, 1 ]

[ "Pocahontas", "Pocahontas,_Missouri", "John_Rolfe", "Savages_-LRB-Pocahontas_song-RRB-", "Powhatan_-LRB-Native_American_leader-RRB-" ]

[ "Pocahontas -LRB- born Matoaka , known as Amonute , 1596 -- 1617 -RRB- was a Native American woman notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown , Virginia . Pocahontas was the daughter of Powhatan , the paramount chief of a network of tributary tribal nations in the Tsenacommacah , encompassing the Tidewater region of Virginia . In a well-known historical anecdote , she is said to have saved the life of a captive of the Native Americans , the Englishman John Smith , in 1607 by placing her head upon his own when her father raised his war club to execute him . Some historians have suggested that this story , as told by Smith , is untrue . Pocahontas was captured by the English during Anglo-Indian hostilities in 1613 , and held for ransom . During her captivity , she converted to Christianity and took the name Rebecca . When the opportunity arose for her to return to her people , she chose to remain with the English . In April 1614 , she married tobacco planter John Rolfe , and in January 1615 , bore their son , Thomas Rolfe . In 1616 , the Rolfes traveled to London . Pocahontas was presented to English society as an example of the `` civilized savage '' in hopes of stimulating investment in the Jamestown settlement . She became something of a celebrity , was elegantly fêted , and attended a masque at Whitehall Palace . In 1617 , the Rolfes set sail for Virginia , but Pocahontas died at Gravesend of unknown causes . She was buried in a church in Gravesend in the United Kingdom , but the exact location of her grave is unknown . Numerous places , landmarks , and products in the United States have been named after Pocahontas . Her story has been romanticized over the years , and she is a subject of art , literature , and film . Many famous people have claimed to be among her descendants through her son Thomas , including members of the First Families of Virginia , First Lady Edith Wilson , American Western actor Glenn Strange , and astronomer Percival Lowell . ", "Pocahontas is a village in Cape Girardeau County , Missouri , United States . The population was 114 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Cape Girardeau -- Jackson , MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area . ", "John Rolfe -LRB- 1585 -- 1622 -RRB- was one of the early English settlers of North America . He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia and is known as the husband of Pocahontas , daughter of the chief of the Powhatan . ", "`` Savages '' is a song from the 1995 Disney animated film Pocahontas . It addresses themes of othering , xenophobia , and genocide . The song has been negatively received by critics , with some deeming it to be racist , arguing that it encourages the listener to dehumanise Native Americans . ", "Powhatan -LRB- June 17 , 1545 -- April 1618 -RRB- , whose proper name was Wahunsenacawh -LRB- alternately spelled Wahunsenacah , Wahunsunacock or Wahunsonacock -RRB- , was the paramount chief of Tsenacommacah , an alliance of Algonquian-speaking Virginia Indians in the Tidewater region of Virginia at the time English settlers landed at Jamestown in 1607 . Powhatan , alternately called `` King '' or `` Chief '' Powahatan by the English , led the main political and military power facing the early colonists , was probably the older brother of Opechancanough , who led attacks against the English in 1622 and 1644 . He was the father of Pocahontas , who eventually converted to Christianity and married the English settler John Rolfe . " ]

[ 2, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Tiwah", "Boginki", "Idaea_poecilocrossa", "Touchdown_celebration", "Tales_of_Joujouka" ]

[ "Tiwah is the dead festival of the Ngaju people of Central Kalimantan . It is basically a secondary mortuary rituals , where the bones of the deceased are taken from the cemeteries , purified and finally placed in an ossuary . The feast celebrates the final entry of the deceased into paradise where they would meet the ancestors . ", "The Boginki -LRB- Russian : Богинка -RRB- -LRB- Polish for `` Little Goddesses '' ; singular : boginka -RRB- are spirits in Polish mythology . Traditionally , covens of old women would perform sacrifices and rituals for the nymphs of the riverbanks . Boginki were said to steal babies from their human parents that were replaced with Odmience -- the changelings . These spirits are said to be the original deities of life and predate the sky gods . They also appear to be forerunners of the Rusalki . ", "Idaea poecilocrossa is a moth of the family Geometridae . It is found in northern Madagascar and on the Seychelles . This species has a wingspan of 9-13mm . The forewings are narrow with a very long cell ; whitish ; easily recognizable by its thick sinous postmedian line placed close to termen and its violet-grey subterminal shading , brown costal edge and fringe . The cell dot is black , median line nearly straight . The hindwings are distally similar to the forewings . ", "Touchdown celebrations are sometimes performed after the scoring of a touchdown in American football . Individual celebrations have become increasingly complex over time , from simple `` spiking '' of the football in decades past to the elaborately choreographed displays of the current era . Individual arenas have also developed unique celebratory rituals such as the running of `` Quick Six '' , and the `` touchdown horse '' of the Calgary Stampeders , after each hometown touchdown . ", "Tales of Joujouka is a book by the Moroccan painter Mohamed Hamri -LRB- 1932 -- 2000 -RRB- containing eight stories featuring the legends , folklore and Sufi origins myths and rituals of the Master Musicians of Joujouka . These are the stories and legends of Hamri 's native village of Joujouka or Jajouka in Morocco , famous for its connections with the Beat Generation and Brian Jones founder of the Rolling Stones . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Military_deception", "Comment_spam", "Frostius", "Disjunction_elimination", "International_Polygraph_Accreditation_Board" ]

[ "Military deception refers to attempts to mislead enemy forces during warfare . This is usually achieved by creating or amplifying an artificial fog of war via psychological operations , information warfare , visual deception and other methods . As a form of strategic use of information -LRB- disinformation -RRB- , it overlaps with psychological warfare . To the degree that any enemy that falls for the deception will lose confidence when it is revealed , he may hesitate when confronted with the truth . Deception in warfare dates back to early history . The Art of War , an ancient Chinese military treatise , puts great emphasis on the tactic . In modern times military deception has developed as a fully fledged doctrine . Misinformation and visual deception were employed during World War I and came into even greater prominence during World War II . In the buildup to the 1944 invasion of Normandy the Allies executed one of the largest deceptions in military history , Operation Bodyguard , helping them achieve full tactical surprise . ", "Comment spam is a term used by spam blacklist servers such as Project Honey Pot to refer to a broad category of spambot or spammer postings which abuse web-based forms to post unsolicited advertisements as comments on forums , blogs , wikis and online guestbooks . Related topics include : Forum spam , posts on Internet forums that contains related or unrelated advertisements , links to malicious websites , and abusive or otherwise unwanted information Newsgroup spam , a type of spam where the targets are Usenet newsgroups Social spam , unwanted spam content appearing on social networks and any website with user-generated content Spam in blogs , a form of spamdexing done by posting random comments , copied material , or promotion of commercial services Troll -LRB- Internet -RRB- , a person who sows discord on the Internet Hit-and-run posting , a tactic where a poster at an Internet forum enters , makes a post , only to disappear immediately after Sockpuppet -LRB- Internet -RRB- , an online identity used for purposes of deception Astroturfing , the practice of masking the sponsors of a message or organization ", "Frostius -- known as Frost 's toads -- is a small genus of true toads consisting of only two species endemic to Brazil . The genus was proposed by David C. Cannatella in 1986 based on an analysis of a species previously classified as Atelopus . Various morphological and life-history information first suggested that it is sister taxon to Atelopus or Atelopus + Osornophryne , but later molecular evidence suggests that it is sister taxon to Oreophrynella . It was named for Darrel Frost in recognition of his work on anuran systematics . ", "In propositional logic , disjunction elimination -LRB- sometimes named proof by cases , case analysis , or or elimination -RRB- , is the valid argument form and rule of inference that allows one to eliminate a disjunctive statement from a logical proof . It is the inference that if a statement implies a statement and a statement also implies , then if either or is true , then has to be true . The reasoning is simple : since at least one of the statements P and R is true , and since either of them would be sufficient to entail Q , Q is certainly true . If I 'm inside , I have my wallet on me . If I 'm outside , I have my wallet on me . It is true that either I 'm inside or I 'm outside . Therefore , I have my wallet on me . It is the rule can be stated as : where the rule is that whenever instances of '' '' , and '' '' and '' '' appear on lines of a proof , '' '' can be placed on a subsequent line . ", "The International Polygraph Accreditation Board -LRB- or IPAB -RRB- was established in 2011 and includes 1,900 members in the polygraph field . The stated goals of the IPAB are : The International Polygraph Accreditation Board conformity assessment programs -- under which a company or an individual is evaluated and certified based on demonstrated ability to meet the requirements set by the International Polygraph Accreditation Board Encouraging and supporting research , training and education to benefit members of the IPAB as well as those who support its purpose and by providing a forum for the presentation and exchange of information derived from such research , training and education Establishing and enforcing standards for private accreditation To establish and maintain professional standards in the delivery of a portfolio of professional training courses in the field of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception -LRB- PDD -RRB- work , encompassing a ` Foundation Level ' syllabus and qualification To formally recognise the successful completion of a portfolio of professional training courses in the field of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception -LRB- PDD -RRB- work encompassing a ` Foundation Level ' syllabus and qualification To oversee the delivery of the training courses taking into account the quality and effectiveness of the courses To establish and maintain professional standards in the delivery of an ` Advanced Level ' Psychophysiological Detection of Deception -LRB- PDD -RRB- qualification based on an agreed common syllabus , to be delivered by education institutions and resulting in an Award at Certificate of Higher Education level To formally recognise the successful completion of the ` Advanced Level ' Psychophysiological Detection of Deception -LRB- PDD -RRB- qualification : * To actively promote professional training for Psychophysiological Detection of Deception -LRB- PDD -RRB- Specialists and to work with organisations with a common interest in the development of professional training and access to relevant programmes of Higher Education " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Holden_Caulfield", "The_Catcher_in_the_Rye", "Rye_Meads", "Rye_-LRB-R&CT-RRB-_railway_station", "A_Pocketful_of_Rye" ]

[ "Holden Caulfield is a fictional character in author J. D. Salinger 's 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye . Since the book 's publication , Holden has become an icon for teenage rebellion and angst , and now stands among the most important characters of 20th-century American literature . The name Holden Caulfield was used in an unpublished short story written in 1942 and first appeared in print in 1945 . Although it has been conjectured that J. D. Salinger got the name for Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye when he saw a marquee for Dear Ruth -LRB- 1947 -RRB- , starring William Holden and Joan Caulfield , Salinger 's first Holden Caulfield story , `` I 'm Crazy , '' appeared in Collier 's on December 22 , 1945 , a year and a half before this movie was released . ", "The Catcher in the Rye is a 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger . A controversial novel originally published for adults , it has since become popular with adolescent readers for its themes of teenage angst and alienation . It has been translated into almost all of the world 's major languages . Around 1 million copies are sold each year with total sales of more than 65 million books . The novel 's protagonist Holden Caulfield has become an icon for teenage rebellion . The novel also deals with complex issues of innocence , identity , belonging , loss , and connection . The novel was included on Times 2005 list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923 and it was named by Modern Library and its readers as one of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century . In 2003 , it was listed at # 15 on the BBC 's survey The Big Read . ", "Rye Meads is a 58.5 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest -LRB- SSSI -RRB- in Rye House , Hertfordshire . It is also part of the Lea Valley RAMSAR site -LRB- a group of internationally important wetland sites -RRB- and a Special Protection Area . The SSSI is divided into three areas . North of Rye Road is the Rye Meads nature reserve , which is open to the public . The western half of this nature reserve , next to the River Lea in the Lee Valley Regional Park , is managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds -LRB- RSPB -RRB- . The eastern half is managed by the Hertfordshire and Middlesex Wildlife Trust -LRB- HMWT -RRB- . The SSSI also includes a meadow and lagoons owned by Thames Water south of Rye Road which is not open to the public . The RSPB reserve has ten birdwatching hides , trails and a visitor centre . Birds include kingfisher , snipe , green sandpiper , shoveler , gadwall and tufted duck . The HMWT site is an ancient flood meadow which has a variety of habitats including reedbed , marshy grassland and fen . It is grazed by ponies and water buffalo . The entrance to the nature reserve is on Rye Road . There is a path around the site , but a one-way turnstile blocks wheelchairs and pushchairs , and only allows access from the RSPB half to the HMWT area , not vice versa . ", "Rye railway station was a terminal station on the Rye and Camber Tramway in East Sussex , connecting Rye to Camber . Although the station was close to the Ashford -- Hastings line -LRB- now the Marshlink Line -RRB- , it did not connect to it or have direct access to the main Rye railway station . It was sited immediately east of the River Rother outside the town , next to the Guldeford Road -LRB- now the A259 -RRB- . The station first opened on 13 July 1895 with a 1 +3 / 4 miles section of the tramway providing access to the local golf links . A further 1/2 miles extension to Camber Sands opened on 13 July 1908 . Increasing competition of bus services led to the line 's decline and the station closed in 1939 . ", "A Pocketful of Rye is a 1969 novel by A. J. Cronin about a young Scottish doctor , Carroll , and his life in Switzerland . It is a sequel to A Song of Sixpence . As with several of his other novels , Cronin drew on his own experiences as a doctor for this book . The titles of both novels come from the children 's nursery rhyme , Sing a Song of Sixpence . Category : Novels by A. J. Cronin Category : Sequel novels Category : Novels set in Switzerland Category :1969 British novels Category : Medical novels Category : Victor Gollancz Ltd books Category : Little , Brown and Company books " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "Holden_Caulfield", "The_Catcher_in_the_Rye", "Rye_Meads", "Rye_-LRB-R&CT-RRB-_railway_station", "A_Pocketful_of_Rye" ]

[ "Holden Caulfield is a fictional character in author J. D. Salinger 's 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye . Since the book 's publication , Holden has become an icon for teenage rebellion and angst , and now stands among the most important characters of 20th-century American literature . The name Holden Caulfield was used in an unpublished short story written in 1942 and first appeared in print in 1945 . Although it has been conjectured that J. D. Salinger got the name for Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye when he saw a marquee for Dear Ruth -LRB- 1947 -RRB- , starring William Holden and Joan Caulfield , Salinger 's first Holden Caulfield story , `` I 'm Crazy , '' appeared in Collier 's on December 22 , 1945 , a year and a half before this movie was released . ", "The Catcher in the Rye is a 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger . A controversial novel originally published for adults , it has since become popular with adolescent readers for its themes of teenage angst and alienation . It has been translated into almost all of the world 's major languages . Around 1 million copies are sold each year with total sales of more than 65 million books . The novel 's protagonist Holden Caulfield has become an icon for teenage rebellion . The novel also deals with complex issues of innocence , identity , belonging , loss , and connection . The novel was included on Times 2005 list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923 and it was named by Modern Library and its readers as one of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century . In 2003 , it was listed at # 15 on the BBC 's survey The Big Read . ", "Rye Meads is a 58.5 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest -LRB- SSSI -RRB- in Rye House , Hertfordshire . It is also part of the Lea Valley RAMSAR site -LRB- a group of internationally important wetland sites -RRB- and a Special Protection Area . The SSSI is divided into three areas . North of Rye Road is the Rye Meads nature reserve , which is open to the public . The western half of this nature reserve , next to the River Lea in the Lee Valley Regional Park , is managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds -LRB- RSPB -RRB- . The eastern half is managed by the Hertfordshire and Middlesex Wildlife Trust -LRB- HMWT -RRB- . The SSSI also includes a meadow and lagoons owned by Thames Water south of Rye Road which is not open to the public . The RSPB reserve has ten birdwatching hides , trails and a visitor centre . Birds include kingfisher , snipe , green sandpiper , shoveler , gadwall and tufted duck . The HMWT site is an ancient flood meadow which has a variety of habitats including reedbed , marshy grassland and fen . It is grazed by ponies and water buffalo . The entrance to the nature reserve is on Rye Road . There is a path around the site , but a one-way turnstile blocks wheelchairs and pushchairs , and only allows access from the RSPB half to the HMWT area , not vice versa . ", "Rye railway station was a terminal station on the Rye and Camber Tramway in East Sussex , connecting Rye to Camber . Although the station was close to the Ashford -- Hastings line -LRB- now the Marshlink Line -RRB- , it did not connect to it or have direct access to the main Rye railway station . It was sited immediately east of the River Rother outside the town , next to the Guldeford Road -LRB- now the A259 -RRB- . The station first opened on 13 July 1895 with a 1 +3 / 4 miles section of the tramway providing access to the local golf links . A further 1/2 miles extension to Camber Sands opened on 13 July 1908 . Increasing competition of bus services led to the line 's decline and the station closed in 1939 . ", "A Pocketful of Rye is a 1969 novel by A. J. Cronin about a young Scottish doctor , Carroll , and his life in Switzerland . It is a sequel to A Song of Sixpence . As with several of his other novels , Cronin drew on his own experiences as a doctor for this book . The titles of both novels come from the children 's nursery rhyme , Sing a Song of Sixpence . Category : Novels by A. J. Cronin Category : Sequel novels Category : Novels set in Switzerland Category :1969 British novels Category : Medical novels Category : Victor Gollancz Ltd books Category : Little , Brown and Company books " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "Web_browser", "Internet_access", "Dillo", "World_Wide_Web", "Fermat_project" ]

[ "A web browser -LRB- commonly referred to as a browser -RRB- is a software application for retrieving , presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web . An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier -LRB- URI/URL -RRB- that may be a web page , image , video or other piece of content . Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources . Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web , they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems . The most popular web browsers are Google Chrome , Microsoft Edge -LRB- preceded by Internet Explorer -RRB- , Safari , Opera and Firefox . ", "Internet access is ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals , computers , mobile devices ; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web . Various technologies , at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers -LRB- ISPs -RRB- to provide this service . Internet access was once rare , but has grown rapidly . In 1995 , only .04 percent of the world 's population had access , with well over half of those living in the United States , and consumer use was through dial-up . By the first decade of the 21st century , many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology , and by 2014 , 41 percent of the world 's population had access , broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide , and global average connection speeds exceeded 4 Mbit/s . ", "Dillo is a minimalistic web browser particularly intended for older or slower computers and embedded systems . It supports only plain HTML/XHTML -LRB- with CSS rendering -RRB- and images over HTTP ; scripting is ignored entirely . Current versions of Dillo can run on Linux , BSD , OS X , IRIX and Cygwin . Due to its small size , it is the browser of choice in several space-conscious Linux distributions . Released under the GNU General Public License , Dillo is free software . Chilean software engineer Jorge Arellano Cid conceived of the Dillo project in late 1999 , publishing the first version of Dillo in December of that year . His primary goal in creating Dillo was to democratize access to information . Arellano Cid believed that no one should have to buy a new computer or pay for broadband in order to enjoy the World Wide Web . To this end , he designed Dillo to be small , fast , and efficient , capable of performing well even on an Intel 80486 CPU with a dial-up Internet access . ", "The World Wide Web -LRB- abbreviated WWW or the Web -RRB- is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators -LRB- URLs -RRB- , interlinked by hypertext links , and can be accessed via the Internet . English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 . He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland . The Web browser was released outside of CERN in 1991 , first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991 . The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet . Web pages are primarily text documents formatted and annotated with Hypertext Markup Language -LRB- HTML -RRB- . In addition to formatted text , web pages may contain images , video , audio , and software components that are rendered in the user 's web browser as coherent pages of multimedia content . Embedded hyperlinks permit users to navigate between web pages . Multiple web pages with a common theme , a common domain name , or both , make up a website . Website content can largely be provided by the publisher , or interactive where users contribute content or the content depends upon the user or their actions . Websites may be mostly informative , primarily for entertainment , or largely for commercial , governmental , or non-governmental organisational purposes . In the 2006 Great British Design Quest organised by the BBC and the Design Museum , the World Wide Web was voted among the top 10 British design icons . ", "Fermat is a collaborative , open-source technology project advocating for a free , secure , decentralized and disintermediated information space in which people 's interests are placed ahead of those of corporations , states and unnecessary third parties in general . Fermat leads the development of the Internet of People -LRB- IoP -RRB- , a technology infrastructure consisting of interconnected peer-to-peer networks hosting people 's profiles , reputation and identity information . The Internet of People allows the discovery of both known and unknown people and , ultimately , enables direct device-to-device communication over the Internet and direct person-to-person interactions via person-to-person applications . The Internet of People incorporates blockchain-based native tokens , IoPs , as incentive for operators running IoP software . The Internet of People is meant to enable the person-to-person economy , a potentially disruptive innovation resulting from disintermediation in which people hold direct control and ownership of their data , digital footprint and purchasing power . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Web_browser", "Internet_access", "Dillo", "World_Wide_Web", "Fermat_project" ]

[ "A web browser -LRB- commonly referred to as a browser -RRB- is a software application for retrieving , presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web . An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier -LRB- URI/URL -RRB- that may be a web page , image , video or other piece of content . Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources . Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web , they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems . The most popular web browsers are Google Chrome , Microsoft Edge -LRB- preceded by Internet Explorer -RRB- , Safari , Opera and Firefox . ", "Internet access is ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals , computers , mobile devices ; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web . Various technologies , at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers -LRB- ISPs -RRB- to provide this service . Internet access was once rare , but has grown rapidly . In 1995 , only .04 percent of the world 's population had access , with well over half of those living in the United States , and consumer use was through dial-up . By the first decade of the 21st century , many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology , and by 2014 , 41 percent of the world 's population had access , broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide , and global average connection speeds exceeded 4 Mbit/s . ", "Dillo is a minimalistic web browser particularly intended for older or slower computers and embedded systems . It supports only plain HTML/XHTML -LRB- with CSS rendering -RRB- and images over HTTP ; scripting is ignored entirely . Current versions of Dillo can run on Linux , BSD , OS X , IRIX and Cygwin . Due to its small size , it is the browser of choice in several space-conscious Linux distributions . Released under the GNU General Public License , Dillo is free software . Chilean software engineer Jorge Arellano Cid conceived of the Dillo project in late 1999 , publishing the first version of Dillo in December of that year . His primary goal in creating Dillo was to democratize access to information . Arellano Cid believed that no one should have to buy a new computer or pay for broadband in order to enjoy the World Wide Web . To this end , he designed Dillo to be small , fast , and efficient , capable of performing well even on an Intel 80486 CPU with a dial-up Internet access . ", "The World Wide Web -LRB- abbreviated WWW or the Web -RRB- is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators -LRB- URLs -RRB- , interlinked by hypertext links , and can be accessed via the Internet . English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 . He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland . The Web browser was released outside of CERN in 1991 , first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991 . The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet . Web pages are primarily text documents formatted and annotated with Hypertext Markup Language -LRB- HTML -RRB- . In addition to formatted text , web pages may contain images , video , audio , and software components that are rendered in the user 's web browser as coherent pages of multimedia content . Embedded hyperlinks permit users to navigate between web pages . Multiple web pages with a common theme , a common domain name , or both , make up a website . Website content can largely be provided by the publisher , or interactive where users contribute content or the content depends upon the user or their actions . Websites may be mostly informative , primarily for entertainment , or largely for commercial , governmental , or non-governmental organisational purposes . In the 2006 Great British Design Quest organised by the BBC and the Design Museum , the World Wide Web was voted among the top 10 British design icons . ", "Fermat is a collaborative , open-source technology project advocating for a free , secure , decentralized and disintermediated information space in which people 's interests are placed ahead of those of corporations , states and unnecessary third parties in general . Fermat leads the development of the Internet of People -LRB- IoP -RRB- , a technology infrastructure consisting of interconnected peer-to-peer networks hosting people 's profiles , reputation and identity information . The Internet of People allows the discovery of both known and unknown people and , ultimately , enables direct device-to-device communication over the Internet and direct person-to-person interactions via person-to-person applications . The Internet of People incorporates blockchain-based native tokens , IoPs , as incentive for operators running IoP software . The Internet of People is meant to enable the person-to-person economy , a potentially disruptive innovation resulting from disintermediation in which people hold direct control and ownership of their data , digital footprint and purchasing power . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Web_browser", "Internet_access", "Dillo", "World_Wide_Web", "Fermat_project" ]

[ "A web browser -LRB- commonly referred to as a browser -RRB- is a software application for retrieving , presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web . An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier -LRB- URI/URL -RRB- that may be a web page , image , video or other piece of content . Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources . Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web , they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems . The most popular web browsers are Google Chrome , Microsoft Edge -LRB- preceded by Internet Explorer -RRB- , Safari , Opera and Firefox . ", "Internet access is ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals , computers , mobile devices ; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web . Various technologies , at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers -LRB- ISPs -RRB- to provide this service . Internet access was once rare , but has grown rapidly . In 1995 , only .04 percent of the world 's population had access , with well over half of those living in the United States , and consumer use was through dial-up . By the first decade of the 21st century , many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology , and by 2014 , 41 percent of the world 's population had access , broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide , and global average connection speeds exceeded 4 Mbit/s . ", "Dillo is a minimalistic web browser particularly intended for older or slower computers and embedded systems . It supports only plain HTML/XHTML -LRB- with CSS rendering -RRB- and images over HTTP ; scripting is ignored entirely . Current versions of Dillo can run on Linux , BSD , OS X , IRIX and Cygwin . Due to its small size , it is the browser of choice in several space-conscious Linux distributions . Released under the GNU General Public License , Dillo is free software . Chilean software engineer Jorge Arellano Cid conceived of the Dillo project in late 1999 , publishing the first version of Dillo in December of that year . His primary goal in creating Dillo was to democratize access to information . Arellano Cid believed that no one should have to buy a new computer or pay for broadband in order to enjoy the World Wide Web . To this end , he designed Dillo to be small , fast , and efficient , capable of performing well even on an Intel 80486 CPU with a dial-up Internet access . ", "The World Wide Web -LRB- abbreviated WWW or the Web -RRB- is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators -LRB- URLs -RRB- , interlinked by hypertext links , and can be accessed via the Internet . English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 . He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland . The Web browser was released outside of CERN in 1991 , first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991 . The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet . Web pages are primarily text documents formatted and annotated with Hypertext Markup Language -LRB- HTML -RRB- . In addition to formatted text , web pages may contain images , video , audio , and software components that are rendered in the user 's web browser as coherent pages of multimedia content . Embedded hyperlinks permit users to navigate between web pages . Multiple web pages with a common theme , a common domain name , or both , make up a website . Website content can largely be provided by the publisher , or interactive where users contribute content or the content depends upon the user or their actions . Websites may be mostly informative , primarily for entertainment , or largely for commercial , governmental , or non-governmental organisational purposes . In the 2006 Great British Design Quest organised by the BBC and the Design Museum , the World Wide Web was voted among the top 10 British design icons . ", "Fermat is a collaborative , open-source technology project advocating for a free , secure , decentralized and disintermediated information space in which people 's interests are placed ahead of those of corporations , states and unnecessary third parties in general . Fermat leads the development of the Internet of People -LRB- IoP -RRB- , a technology infrastructure consisting of interconnected peer-to-peer networks hosting people 's profiles , reputation and identity information . The Internet of People allows the discovery of both known and unknown people and , ultimately , enables direct device-to-device communication over the Internet and direct person-to-person interactions via person-to-person applications . The Internet of People incorporates blockchain-based native tokens , IoPs , as incentive for operators running IoP software . The Internet of People is meant to enable the person-to-person economy , a potentially disruptive innovation resulting from disintermediation in which people hold direct control and ownership of their data , digital footprint and purchasing power . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Ronaldinho", "Takis_Nikoloudis", "Vasily_Ilyin", "Brazil_national_football_team", "Ernő_Solymosi" ]

[ "Ronaldo de Assis Moreira -LRB- born 21 March 1980 -RRB- , commonly known as Ronaldinho -LRB- -LSB- ʁonawˈdʒĩɲu -RSB- -RRB- or Ronaldinho Gaúcho , is a Brazilian professional footballer and current club ambassador for Spanish club FC Barcelona after signing for them in September 2016 . His main playing position is as an attacking midfielder or forward . He won the FIFA World Player of the Year award in 2004 and 2005 . Renowned for his technique , tricks , dribbling , overhead kicks , no-look passes and free kicks , Ronaldinho is regarded to be one of the best players of his generation . `` Ronaldinho '' , the lengthened term of endearment for `` Ronaldo '' , is accompanied in Brazilian usage by the nickname `` Gaúcho '' -LRB- since he hails from southern Brazil -RRB- , in order to distinguish him from fellow footballer and countryman Ronaldo , who was known as `` Ronaldinho '' in Brazil beforehand . Ronaldo went by his first name upon his move to Europe , thereby allowing Ronaldinho to drop the `` Gaúcho '' and go by the name Ronaldinho abroad . Ronaldinho has played 97 matches and scored 33 goals for the Brazil national team . He was an integral part of the 2002 FIFA World Cup-winning team in Korea and Japan , starring alongside Ronaldo and Rivaldo in an attacking trio , and was named in the FIFA World Cup All-Star Team . At club level , Ronaldinho played first for the Brazilian club Grêmio before spending the bulk of his career with European clubs Paris Saint-Germain , Barcelona and Milan . He then returned to Brazil to play for Flamengo and Atlético Mineiro before moving to Mexico to play for Querétaro . With Barcelona , he won La Liga twice , the UEFA Champions League in 2006 and accumulated numerous individual awards , including the FIFA World Player of the Year in 2004 and 2005 and the Ballon d'Or in 2005 . Ronaldinho was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the world 's greatest living players compiled by Pelé , and to the FIFPro World XI from 2005 -- 2007 . ", "Dimitrios `` Takis '' Nikoloudis -LRB- Greek : Τάκης Νικολούδης ; born 26 August 1951 -RRB- is a retired Greek footballer . During his career he played for Iraklis Thessaloniki , AEK Athens FC and Olympiacos FC . He earned 22 caps and scored 4 goals for the Greece national football team , and participated in UEFA Euro 1980 . ", "Vasily Petrovich Ilyin -LRB- Василий Петрович Ильин , January 8 , 1949 -- September 21 , 2015 -RRB- was a Soviet/Russian handball player . Ilyin was born in Lisy Nos settlement , Pargolovsky District , Leningrad Oblast She trained at Burevestnik in Moscow . He was a member of the USSR National Team since 1970 and became the Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR in 1976 . In 1972 he was part of the USSR Olympic Team which finished fifth at the 1972 Summer Olympics . He played all six matches and scored eleven goals . Four years later he won the gold medal with the Soviet team at the 1976 Summer Olympics . He played three matches and scored two goals . During his career he played 101 match for the USSR National Team and scored 177 goals . ", "The Brazil national football team -LRB- Seleção Brasileira de Futebol -RRB- represents Brazil in international men 's association football . Brazil is administered by the Brazilian Football Confederation -LRB- CBF -RRB- , the governing body for football in Brazil . They have been a member of the FIFA since 1923 and member of the CONMEBOL since 1916 . Brazil is the most successful national football team in international competition , winning FIFA World Cup with five championships : 1958 , 1962 , 1970 , 1994 and 2002 . Brazil also has the best overall performance in World Cup history in both proportional and absolute terms with a record of 70 victories in 104 matches played , 119 goal difference , 227 points and only 17 losses . Brazil is the only national team to have played in all World Cup editions without any absence nor need for playoffs . The seleção is also the most successful national team in the FIFA Confederations Cup with four titles : 1997 , 2005 , 2009 and 2013 , being the holder of the last title of the tournament . The national football teams of Brazil , Argentina and France are the only national teams that have won the three most important men 's titles recognized by FIFA : the World Cup , the Confederations Cup , and the Olympic tournament . They have also won their respective continental championship -LRB- Copa América for Brazil and Argentina , and UEFA European Championship for France -RRB- . Brazil has the all-time highest average Football Elo Rating with 2017.9 , and the third all time highest Football Elo Rating with 2160 in 1962 , only behind the Hungary Golden Team of 1954 and the German team of 2014 . Many distinguished commentators consider the Brazil team of 1970 to be the greatest association football team ever , although some argue the case for other teams , such as the Brazil team of 1958 or 1962 , with honorary mentions for the gifted 1982 side . Brazil is the only national team to have won the World Cup on four different continents : once in Europe -LRB- 1958 Sweden -RRB- , once in South America -LRB- 1962 Chile -RRB- , twice in North America -LRB- 1970 Mexico and 1994 United States -RRB- and once in Asia -LRB- 2002 Korea/Japan -RRB- . They also share with Spain a record of 35 consecutive international matches undefeated . A common quip about football is : `` Os ingleses o inventaram , os brasileiros o aperfeiçoaram '' -LRB- `` The English invented it , the Brazilians perfected it '' -RRB- . ", "Ernő Solymosi -LRB- 21 June 1940 -- 19 February 2011 -RRB- was a Hungarian footballer . He was born in Diósgyőr . He played for the clubs Diósgyőri VTK , Újpest FC and Pécsi Dózsa as a midfielder and defender . He played 38 games and scored 7 goals for the Hungary national football team . He is most famous for his participation in the bronze medal winning Hungarian team on the 1960 Summer Olympic Games and the European Championship of 1964 , and for playing on the 1962 FIFA World Cup . After his career as footballer , he worked for the Ministry for Home Affairs , being the personal guard of János Kádár , the communist leader of Hungary from 1956 to 1988 . He has retired in 1993 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Mormons", "Corralejo", "Theopoetics", "Jack_Souther", "Paanchi_-LRB-Book_of_Mormon-RRB-" ]

[ "Mormons -LRB- -LSB- ˈmɔrmənz -RSB- -RRB- are a religious and cultural group related to Mormonism , the principal branch of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity , initiated by Joseph Smith in upstate New York during the 1820s . After Smith 's death in 1844 , the Mormons followed Brigham Young to what would become the Utah Territory . Today , most Mormons are understood to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints -LRB- LDS Church -RRB- . Some Mormons are also either independent or non-practicing . The center of Mormon cultural influence is in Utah , and North America has more Mormons than any other continent , though the majority of Mormons live outside the United States . Mormons have developed a strong sense of communality that stems from their doctrine and history . During the 19th century , Mormon converts tended to gather to a central geographic location , and between 1852 and 1890 a minority of Mormons openly practiced plural marriage , a form of religious polygamy . Mormons dedicate large amounts of time and resources to serving in their church , and many young Mormons choose to serve a full-time proselytizing mission . Mormons have a health code which eschews alcoholic beverages , tobacco , coffee , tea , and other addictive substances . They tend to be very family-oriented , and have strong connections across generations and with extended family , reflective of their belief that families can be sealed together beyond death . Mormons also have a strict law of chastity , requiring abstention from sexual relations outside of heterosexual marriage and fidelity within marriage . Mormons self-identify as Christian , although some non-Mormons consider Mormons non-Christian and some of their beliefs differ from mainstream Christianity . Mormons believe in the Bible , as well as other books of scripture , such as the Book of Mormon . They have a unique view of cosmology , and believe that all people are spirit-children of God . Mormons believe that returning to God requires following the example of Jesus Christ , and accepting his atonement through ordinances such as baptism . They believe that Christ 's church was restored through Joseph Smith and is guided by living prophets and apostles . Central to Mormon faith is the belief that God speaks to his children and answers their prayers . Due to their high birth and conversion rates , the Mormon population has grown significantly in recent decades . The number of members in 1971 was 3,090,953 and now in 2017 based on the Annual Report , there are 15,882,417 worldwide . ", "Corralejo -LRB- -LSB- koraˈlexo -RSB- -RRB- is a town and resort located on the northern tip of Fuerteventura , one of the Canary Islands , facing the smaller islet of Lobos . It is in the municipality of La Oliva . It is surrounded to the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean , by dunes to the south and by arid desert land to the west that leads to the western coast and El Cotillo . Once a traditional fishing village , the town has grown significantly and today is one of the two main tourist towns on the island of Fuerteventura . Thanks to the large expat population , the town has a diverse population that varies from the local Spaniard , to the Irish , British , German and Finnish people who have settled in the resort . The area has 7 mi of fine sand starting 2 mi outside of Corralejo , alongside some smaller bays across the coast . In addition , there are several miles of sand dunes located nearby , which have been designated as a nature reserve . The waters around Corralejo are clear and an intense shade of blue , but are affected by strong currents . The town 's beaches are somewhat more sheltered and have a band of volcanic rock along the shoreline . ", "Theopoetics is an interdisciplinary field of study that combines elements of poetic analysis , process theology , narrative theology , and postmodern philosophy . Originally developed by Stanley Hopper and David Leroy Miller in the 1960s and furthered significantly by Amos Wilder with his 1976 text , Theopoetic : Theology and the Religious Imagination . In recent times there has been a revitalized interest with new work being done by L. Callid Keefe-Perry , Rubem Alves , Catherine Keller , John Caputo , Peter Rollins , Scott Holland , Melanie May , Matt Guynn , Roland Faber , and others . ", "Jack Gordon Souther -LRB- April 25 , 1924 -- June 1 , 2014 -RRB- was an American-born Canadian geologist , volcanologist , professor and engineer . He contributed significantly to the early understanding of recent volcanic activity in the Canadian Cordillera . Many of his publications continue to be regarded as classics in their field , even now several decades after they were written . ", "Paanchi -LRB- -LSB- peɪˈæn.kaɪ -RSB- -RRB- , a person in the Book of Mormon , was one of the sons of Pahoran who contended for the judgement-seat of the Nephite people . He was executed c. 50 BC for plotting to seize the judgement-seat by violent rebellion . Mormon scholars have speculated that the presence of the name `` Paanchi '' in the Book of Mormon indicates that claims of ancient Nubian influence in Precolumbian America -LRB- specifically , in the time of the Nubian king Paanchi -RRB- and claims of the Book of Mormon to be an authentic record from ancient America are mutually supportive . If so , this would also mean that some of the Book of Mormon people had African roots . At least three different migrations from the Old World to the Americas are described in the Book of Mormon , and this would imply that there were others of which the Nephite writers were not aware . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Personality", "Cold-core_low", "Cooperative_Institute_for_Mesoscale_Meteorological_Studies", "John_Hope_-LRB-meteorologist-RRB-", "Heidi_Cullen" ]

[ "Personality is a set of individual differences that are affected by the development of an individual : values , attitudes , personal memories , social relationships , habits , and skills . Different personality theorists present their own definitions of the word based on their theoretical positions . The term `` personality trait '' refers to enduring personal characteristics that are revealed in a particular pattern of behaviour in a variety of situations . ", "A cold-core low , also known as an upper level low or cold-core cyclone , is a cyclone aloft which has an associated cold pool of air residing at high altitude within the Earth 's troposphere . It is a low pressure system which strengthens with height in accordance with the thermal wind relationship . These systems can be referred to as upper level lows . If a weak surface circulation forms in response to such a feature at subtropical latitudes of the eastern north Pacific or north Indian oceans , it is called a subtropical cyclone . Cloud cover and rainfall mainly occurs with these systems during the day . Severe weather , such as tornadoes , can occur near the center of cold-core lows . Cold lows can help spawn cyclones with significant weather impacts , such as polar lows , and Von Karman Vortices . In regard to tropical cyclones , cold lows can lead directly to their development due to their associated cold pool of air aloft or by acting as additional outflow channels to aid in further development . ", "The Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies -LRB- CIMMS -RRB- provides a mechanism to link the scientific and technical resources of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration -LRB- NOAA -RRB- Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research -LRB- OAR -RRB- and the University of Oklahoma -LRB- OU -RRB- to create a center of research excellence in mesoscale meteorology , regional climate studies , and related subject areas . It is located at the National Weather Center -LRB- NWC -RRB- in Norman , Oklahoma . It is one of 16 NOAA Cooperative Institutes -LRB- CIs -RRB- . The CIMMS research themes are : Basic convective and mesoscale research Forecast improvements Climatic effects of/controls on mesoscale processes Socioeconomic impacts of mesoscale weather systems and regional scale climate variations Doppler weather radar research and development Climate change monitoring and detection ", "John Raymond Hope -LRB- May 14 , 1919 - June 13 , 2002 -RRB- was an American meteorologist who specialized in hurricane forecasting and was an on-air personality on The Weather Channel . ", "Heidi Cullen is the chief scientist for the non-profit environmental organization , Climate Central , located in Princeton , New Jersey . In addition , she is a guest lecturer at nearby Princeton University , and the author of the book , The Weather of the Future . An expert and commentator about issues related to climate change and the environment , she was an on-air personality at The Weather Channel , and is a senior research fellow at the University of Pennsylvania -LRB- Penn -RRB- . " ]

[ 0, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "John_S._McCain_Jr.", "United_States_presidential_election_in_Wyoming,_2008", "Massachusetts_Republican_presidential_primary,_2008", "Executive_Tower_-LRB-Washington,_D.C.-RRB-", "2010_Pentagon_shooting" ]

[ "John Sidney `` Jack '' McCain Jr. -LRB- January 17 , 1911 -- March 22 , 1981 -RRB- was a United States Navy admiral , who served in conflicts from the 1940s through the 1970s , including as the Commander , United States Pacific Command . McCain grew up in Washington , D.C. , and graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1931 , after which he entered the submarine service . In World War II , he commanded submarines in several theaters of operation , was responsible for sinking several Japanese ships , and was decorated with both the Silver Star and Bronze Star . After the war , he held a variety of commands , specializing in amphibious warfare . He led the 1965 U.S. invasion of the Dominican Republic . He also served in several posts in Washington , including the Legislative Affairs Office and Chief of Naval Information , where he became influential in political affairs . He was a staunch anti-Communist , and was such an advocate of a strong naval presence that he became known as `` Mr. Seapower '' . During the Vietnam War , McCain was Commander-in-Chief , Pacific Command -LRB- CINCPAC -RRB- , commander of all U.S. forces in the Vietnam theater from 1968 to 1972 . He was a stalwart supporter of President Richard Nixon 's policy of Vietnamization . McCain played a significant role in the militarization of U.S. policy towards Cambodia , helping to convince Nixon to launch the 1970 Cambodian Incursion and establishing a personal relationship with Cambodian leader Lon Nol . McCain was also a proponent of the 1971 incursion into Laos . McCain retired from the Navy in 1972 . His father , John S. McCain Sr. , was also an admiral in the Navy and a naval aviator , and the two were the first father-son pair to achieve four-star rank . His son , John S. McCain III , is a former naval aviator who was a prisoner of war in North Vietnam during McCain 's time as CINCPAC , who retired with the rank of captain and then became a United States Senator and the 2008 Republican Party nominee for President of the United States . ", "The 2008 United States presidential election in Wyoming took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 3 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Wyoming was won by Republican nominee John McCain by a 32.2 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a safe red state . Polling in the state gave a hefty and large lead to Republican John McCain over Democrat Barack Obama . Because of Wyoming 's status as a safe red state , none of the major party candidates campaigned in the state . Despite McCain 's landslide victory , Obama did do significantly better than John Kerry in 2004 and even won one more county than Kerry . ", "The Massachusetts Republican Primary took place on February 5 , 2008 , with 40 national delegates . Polls indicated that former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney was leading rival John McCain ; Romney ended up defeating McCain by roughly 10 % of the vote . ", "Executive Tower -LRB- Washington , D.C. -RRB- is a high-rise skyscraper building located in the United States capital of Washington , D.C. Its construction was completed in 2001 . It rises to 153 ft , featuring 12 floors . The architect of the building was Hellmuth , Obata & Kassabaum . ", "On March 4 , 2010 , a gunman , identified as John Patrick Bedell , shot and wounded two Pentagon police officers at a security checkpoint in the Pentagon station of the Washington Metro rapid transit system in Arlington County , Virginia , just outside Washington , D.C. . The officers returned fire , striking him in the head . He died a few hours later on the next day . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "James_Brolin", "David_Hasselhoff", "Scotty_Grainger", "Leicester_General_Hospital", "WellStar_Douglas_Hospital" ]

[ "James Brolin -LRB- -LSB- ˈbroʊlᵻn -RSB- born July 18 , 1940 -RRB- is an American actor , producer , and director , best known for his roles in film and television , including sitcoms and soap operas . He is the father of actor Josh Brolin and husband of singer/actress Barbra Streisand . Among other awards , Brolin has won two Golden Globes and an Emmy . He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on August 27 , 1998 . ", "David Michael Hasselhoff -LRB- born July 17 , 1952 -RRB- , nicknamed `` The Hoff '' , is an American actor , singer , producer , and businessman , who set a Guinness World Record as the most watched man on TV . He first gained recognition on The Young and The Restless , playing Dr. Snapper Foster . His career continued with his leading role as Michael Knight on Knight Rider and as L.A. County Lifeguard Mitch Buchannon in the series Baywatch . Hasselhoff produced Baywatch from the 1990s until 2001 when the series ended with Baywatch Hawaii . On screen , he appeared in films including Click , Dodgeball , The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie , and Hop . In 2000 , he made his Broadway debut in the musical Jekyll & Hyde . Following his debut , he starred in other musicals including Chicago and The Producers . ", "Scotty Grainger is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless . He was played by actor Blair Redford from July 2005 until January 2006 . In January 2017 , Soap Opera Digest broke exclusive news that Daniel Hall had been recast in the role . ", "Leicester General Hospital -LRB- LGH -RRB- is a National Health Service hospital located in the suburb of Evington , about 3 miles east of Leicester City Centre -LRB- near Goodwood on Coleman Road , which is south of Uppingham Road -RRB- , and is a part of University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust . It has approximately 680 beds . The hospital is the largest employer in the area . Leicester General Hospital NHS Trust merged into University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust in 1999 . ", "WellStar Douglas Hospital is the hospital in Douglasville , Georgia , United States , and has served the Douglas County community since 1989 . The hospital was previously known as Douglas General Hospital , but took on its current name following a change of ownership to WellStar in 1998 . The hospital currently has 98 beds , and provides inpatient -LRB- including emergency room and ICU -RRB- and outpatient services . The hospital is not affiliated with medical schools , but does accept internships through local college nursing programs . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Akon", "Garage_Inc.", "Mud_on_the_Tires", "A_Thousand_Suns", "Certified_Acceptance_Corporation" ]

[ "Aliaume Damala Badara Akon Thiam -LRB- born April 16 , 1973 -RRB- , better known as Akon -LRB- pronounced -LSB- ˈeɪkɒn -RSB- -RRB- , is an American singer , rapper , songwriter , businessman , record producer and actor of Senegalese descent . He rose to prominence in 2004 following the release of `` Locked Up '' , the first single from his debut album Trouble . He has since founded two successful record labels , Konvict Muzik and Kon Live Distribution . His second album , Konvicted received three nominations for the Grammy Awards in two categories , Best Contemporary R&B Album for Konvicted album and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for `` Smack That '' and `` I Wan na Love You '' . He is the first solo artist to hold both the number one and two spots simultaneously on the Billboard Hot 100 charts twice . Akon has had four songs certified as 3 × platinum , three songs certified as 2 × platinum , more than ten songs certified as 1 × platinum and more than ten songs certified as gold in digital sales . Akon has sung songs in other languages including Tamil , Hindi , and Spanish . He was listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the # 1 selling artist for master ringtones in the world . Akon often provides vocals as a featured artist and is currently credited with over 300 guest appearances and more than 35 Billboard Hot 100 songs . He has worked with numerous performers such as Michael Jackson , Eminem , Snoop Dogg , Whitney Houston , Bone Thugs-N-Harmony , and Gwen Stefani . He has had five Grammy Awards nominations and has produced songs for artists such as Lady Gaga , Colby O'Donis , Kardinal Offishall , Leona Lewis , and T-Pain . Forbes ranked Akon 80th -LRB- Power Rank -RRB- in Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2010 and 5th in 40 Most Powerful Celebrities in Africa list , in 2011 . Billboard ranked Akon No. 6 on the list of Top Digital Songs Artists of the decade . ", "Garage , Inc. is a compilation album of cover songs by American heavy metal band Metallica . It was released on November 23 , 1998 through Elektra Records . Over 2.5 million copies have been sold in the U.S. as certified by the RIAA . It includes cover songs , B-side covers , and The $ 5.98 E.P. : Garage Days Re-Revisited , which had gone out of print since its original release in 1987 . The title is a combination of Garage Days Revisited and their song `` Damage , Inc. '' , from Master of Puppets , and the album 's artwork draws heavily from the 1987 EP . The album features songs by artists that have influenced Metallica , including many bands from the new wave of British heavy metal movement , hardcore punk bands and popular songs . As of August 2013 the album has sold more than 6 million copies worldwide . ", "Mud on the Tires is the third studio album by American country music artist Brad Paisley . Released in 2003 on Arista Nashville , it produced four hit singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks -LRB- now Hot Country Songs -RRB- charts : the Top Five hits `` Celebrity '' , `` Little Moments '' and `` Whiskey Lullaby '' , as well as the Number One title track . The album itself has been certified 2 × Platinum by the RIAA , while `` Whiskey Lullaby '' and the title-track have been certified as gold singles . ", "A Thousand Suns is the fourth studio album by American rock band Linkin Park . It was released on September 8 , 2010 , by Warner Bros. . Records . The album was written by the band and was produced by Linkin Park vocalist Mike Shinoda and Rick Rubin , who worked together to produce the band 's previous studio album Minutes to Midnight -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . Recording sessions for A Thousand Suns took place at NRG Recording Studios in North Hollywood , California from 2008 until early 2010 . A Thousand Suns is a multi-concept album dealing with human fears such as nuclear warfare . The band has said the album is a drastic departure from their previous work ; they experimented on different and new sounds . Shinoda told MTV the album references numerous social issues and blends human ideas with technology . The title is a reference to Hindu Sanskrit scripture , a line of which was first popularized in 1945 by J. Robert Oppenheimer , who described the atomic bomb as being `` as bright as a thousand suns '' . It also appears in a line from the first single of the album , `` The Catalyst '' . `` The Catalyst '' was sent to radio and released to digital music retailers on August 2 , 2010 . `` The Catalyst '' peaked at the Billboard Alternative Songs and Rock Songs charts . Three more singles were released to promote the album : `` Waiting for the End '' , `` Burning in the Skies '' and `` Iridescent '' . `` The Catalyst '' and `` Waiting for the End '' were certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- . Linkin Park promoted the album through the A Thousand Suns World Tour from October 2010 to September 2011 . Upon release , the album polarized critics and fans . The band 's fanbase divided over their new sound , splitting them into `` love-it versus hate-it groups '' according to one reviewer . Despite this , the album has been a commercial success , debuting at number one on over ten charts . It was certified gold by the RIAA in February 2011 . By June 2014 , it had sold over 960,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan . ", "Certified Acceptance Corporation -LRB- CAC -RRB- is a Far Hills , New Jersey coin certification company started in 2007 by coin dealer John Albanese . The firm evaluates certain U.S. coins already certified by Numismatic Guaranty Corporation -LRB- NGC -RRB- or Professional Coin Grading Service -LRB- PCGS -RRB- . Coins which CAC deems solid or high-end for their grades receive green stickers , which usually add premiums ranging from single digit percentages to 92 % or more . Coins which are solid or high end for the next grade up are bestowed gold stickers , which on average increase values up to 90 % or more of PCGS/NGC coins already graded the next highest grade . CAC buys and sells CAC-certified coins via their affiliated 180-member trading network , Coinplex . As of September 2015 , CAC had purchased over $ 425 million worth of its stickered coins . CAC has evaluated over 650,000 certified coins with a value of over $ 2.9 billion . The company has 415 dealer members and 534 collector members . The firm 's website maintains a free serial number verification service , which helps deter CAC sticker counterfeiting , and Population Report , which assists in determining coin rarity . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Sonny_Bono", "Sonny_&_Cher", "Abbas_Mirza_Sharifzadeh", "Left_Bank_Encores", "Joseph_Rummel" ]

[ "Salvatore Phillip `` Sonny '' Bono -LRB- -LSB- ˈboʊnoʊ -RSB- February 16 , 1935 -- January 5 , 1998 -RRB- was an American singer , producer , and politician who came to fame in partnership with his second wife Cher , as the popular singing duo Sonny & Cher . He was mayor of Palm Springs , California from 1988 to 1992 , and congressman for California 's 44th district from 1995 until his death in 1998 . The United States Federal Copyright Term Extension Act , which extended the term of copyright by 20 years , is now commonly known as the Sonny Bono Act . ", "Sonny & Cher were an American pop music duo , actors , singers and entertainers made up of husband-and-wife Sonny and Cher Bono in the 1960s and 1970s . The couple started their career in the mid-1960s as R&B backing singers for record producer Phil Spector . The pair first achieved fame with two hit songs in 1965 , `` Baby Do n't Go '' and `` I Got You Babe '' . Signing with Atco/Atlantic Records , they released three studio albums in the late 1960s , as well as the soundtrack recording for an unsuccessful movie , Good Times . In 1972 , after four years of silence , the couple returned to the studio and released two other albums under the MCA/Kapp Records label . In the 1970s , they also positioned themselves as media personalities with two top ten TV shows in the US , The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour and The Sonny & Cher Show . The couple 's career as a duo ended in 1975 following their divorce . In the decade they spent together , Sonny and Cher sold over 40 million records worldwide . Performing under her first name , Cher went on to a highly successful career as a solo singer and actress , while Sonny Bono was eventually elected to Congress as a Republican U.S. Representative from California . The two performers were inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1998 , following Sonny 's death in a skiing accident . ", "Abbas Mirza Abdulrasul oglu Sharifzadeh -LRB- Sharifov -RRB- -LRB- Abbas Mirzə Şərifzadə -RRB- -LRB- 22 March 1893 , Shamakhi -- 16 November 1938 , Baku -RRB- was an Azerbaijani actor , film director and film editor , and Honoured Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR -LRB- 1935 -RRB- . ", "Left Bank Encores is a live album by saxophonists Sonny Stitt and Gene Ammons recorded in Baltimore in 1973 and released on the Prestige label in 2002 . The album was recorded at the same concert that produced God Bless Jug and Sonny . ", "Joseph Francis Rummel -LRB- October 14 , 1876 -- November 8 , 1964 -RRB- was bishop of the Diocese of Omaha , Nebraska -LRB- March 30 , 1928 -- March 9 , 1935 -RRB- and Archbishop of the Archdiocese of New Orleans -LRB- March 9 , 1935 -- November 8 , 1964 -RRB- . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Andrew_Moray", "Battle_of_Stirling_Bridge", "Andrew_Moray_-LRB-justiciar-RRB-", "Silas_Soule", "Archibald_-LRB-bishop_of_Moray-RRB-" ]

[ "Andrew Moray -LRB- Norman French : Andreu de Moray ; Andreas de Moravia -RRB- , also known as Andrew de Moray , Andrew of Moray , or Andrew Murray , an esquire , was prominent in the Scottish Wars of Independence . He led the rising in north Scotland in the summer of 1297 against the occupation by King Edward I of England , successfully regaining control of the area for King John Balliol . He subsequently merged his forces with those led by William Wallace and jointly led the combined army to victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge . Moray was mortally wounded in the fighting , dying at an unknown date and place later that year . ", "The Battle of Stirling Bridge was a battle of the First War of Scottish Independence . On 11 September 1297 , the forces of Andrew Moray and William Wallace defeated the combined English forces of John de Warenne , 6th Earl of Surrey , and Hugh de Cressingham near Stirling , on the River Forth . ", "Sir Andrew Moray of Petty -LRB- died 8 April 1298 -RRB- was Justiciar of Scotia . ", "Silas Stillman Soule -LRB- July 26 , 1838 -- April 23 , 1865 -RRB- was an American abolitionist , Kansas Territory Jayhawker , anti-slavery militant , and a friend of John Brown and Walt Whitman . Later , during the American Civil War , he joined the Colorado volunteers , rising to the rank of Captain in the Union Army . Silas Soule was in command of Company D , 1st Colorado Cavalry , which was present at Sand Creek on November 29 , 1864 , when he refused an order to join the Sand Creek massacre . During the subsequent inquiry , Soule testified against the massacre 's notorious ringleader , John Chivington , and soon after , he was murdered in Denver , presumably in revenge for this act . ", "Archibald -LRB- died 1298 -RRB- was a 13th-century Scottish prelate best known for involvement in a dispute with the Pope . His Flemish name could indicate a connection with the de Douglas or de Moravia families either by kinship or geography , but there is no other direct evidence of this . His origins are not known , but he was almost certainly the Archibald who was Dean of Moray in the years before 1253 . In that year he was consecrated as the successor of Simon de Gunby and Radulf of Lincoln as Bishop of Moray . Through what appears to have been a misunderstanding , Bishop Archibald confirmed the election of one Andrew de Dunn as Dean of Moray . However , the Pope had earlier or simultaneously appointed his own candidate , Nicholas de Hedon , based on an earlier reservation of the position . There was litigation at the Papal see , through which Hedon emerged victorious . Bishop Archibald , apparently concerned he had been placed in a state of excommunication , petitioned Pope Alexander IV and was absolved on 22 December 1255 . Bishop Archibald , like all Scottish bishops , was summonded to the Second Council of Lyon . A provincial council at Perth in 1273 , however , exempted the Bishop of Moray as well as the Bishop of Dunkeld . Bishop Archibald was present at the Convention of Birgham in 1290 . At some point during his episcopate , Uilleam , Mormaer of Ross , committed an outrage to the church or lands of Petty , a church belonging to a canon of Archibald 's cathedral . In compensation , Uilleam granted the bishop some lands in Cadboll and elsewhere in Ross . The bishop was also involved in a dispute with Uilleam , Mormaer of Mar , which in 1268 resulted in the latter 's excommunication . Bishop Archibald built an episcopal residence at Kinneddar , where he resided for much of his episcopate . His episcopate lasted over 45 years , making it one of the longest in medieval Scotland . He died on 9 December 1298 . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Team_Fortress_2", "Robin_Walker_-LRB-game_designer-RRB-", "Team_Fortress_Classic", "Department_of_Economic_Development_-LRB-South_Africa-RRB-", "The_Orange_Box" ]

[ "Team Fortress 2 -LRB- TF2 -RRB- is a team-based multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed and published by Valve Corporation . It is the sequel to Team Fortress , the 1996 mod for Quake and its 1999 remake , Team Fortress Classic . It was released as part of the video game bundle The Orange Box in October 2007 for Microsoft Windows and the Xbox 360 . A PlayStation 3 version followed in December 2007 . The game was released for Windows as a standalone entry in April 2008 , and was updated to support OS X in June 2010 and Linux in February 2013 . It is distributed online through Valve 's digital retailer Steam , with retail distribution being handled by Electronic Arts . In Team Fortress 2 , players join one of two teams comprising nine character classes , battling in a variety of game modes including capture the flag and king of the hill . The development is led by John Cook and Robin Walker , creators of the original Team Fortress . Announced in 1998 , the game once had more realistic , militaristic visuals and gameplay , but this changed over the protracted nine-year development . After Valve released no information for six years , Team Fortress 2 regularly featured in Wired News annual vaporware list among other ignominies . The finished Team Fortress 2 has cartoon-like visuals influenced by the art of J. C. Leyendecker , Dean Cornwell , and Norman Rockwell , and uses Valve 's Source game engine . Team Fortress 2 received critical acclaim for its art direction , gameplay , humor , and use of character in a multiplayer-only game . Valve continues to release new content , including maps , items and game modes , as well as community-made updates and contributed content . In June 2011 , it became free-to-play , supported by microtransactions for in-game cosmetics . A ` drop system ' was also added and refined , allowing free-to-play users to periodically receive game equipment and items by use of a random number generator . Though the game had a unofficial competitive scene for many years , support for official competitive play through ranked matchmaking and an overhauled casual experience was added in July 2016 . ", "Robin Walker is an Australian video game designer best known for co-developing Team Fortress and Team Fortress 2 . ", "Team Fortress Classic is a team-based online multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed and released by Valve in 1999 . Based on the 1996 Quake modification Team Fortress , the title was ported to Valve 's GoldSrc engine as a way of promoting Half-Life 's software development kit . Matches in Team Fortress Classic pit two teams against each other , with each team member having access to nine distinct classes . Competition takes place in a variety of scenarios , usually capture the flag , VIP protection , or territorial control . Since its release , the game has undergone significant upgrades to player models and game modes . ", "The Department of Economic Development is the department of the South African government responsible for economic policy , economic planning and economic development . It was established in 2009 after the election of President Jacob Zuma . the Minister of Economic Development is Ebrahim Patel and his deputy is Madala Masuku . In the 2011/12 budget the department had a budget of R595 million and a staff complement of 45 civil servants . ", "The Orange Box is a video game compilation for Microsoft Windows , Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , OS X and Linux . The Windows and Xbox 360 versions were produced and published by Valve Corporation and released on October 10 , 2007 , as a boxed retail copy . A Windows-only download through Valve 's Steam service was released the previous day . The PlayStation 3 version was published by Electronic Arts and released in North America and Europe on December 11 , 2007 . Valve also released a soundtrack containing music from the games within the compilation . The compilation contains five games , all powered by Valve 's Source engine . Two of the games included , Half-Life 2 and its first stand-alone expansion , Episode One , had previously been released as separate products . Three new games were also included in the compilation : the second stand-alone expansion , Half-Life 2 : Episode Two , the puzzle game Portal , and Team Fortress 2 , the multiplayer game sequel to Team Fortress Classic . A separate product entitled The Black Box was planned , which would have included only the new games , but was cancelled . The Orange Box received critical acclaim , with Portal being recognized as a surprise favorite of the package . The PlayStation 3 version of The Orange Box was noted for several technical shortcomings that were not present in the other versions , only a few of which were fixed through a single patch . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_–_Motion_Picture_Drama", "Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor", "Kyra_Sedgwick", "Hilary_Swank", "Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" ]

[ "The Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association as a separate category in 1951 . Previously , there was a single award for `` Best Actor in a Motion Picture '' but the splitting allowed for recognition of it and the Best Actor -- Musical or Comedy . The formal title has varied since its inception . In 2005 , it was officially called : `` Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama '' . As of 2013 , the wording is `` Best Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama '' . Notes : '' † '' indicates an Academy Award-winning performance . '' ‡ '' indicates an Academy Award-nominated performance that same year . '' § '' indicates a Golden Globe Award-winning performance that was not nominated for an Academy Award . ", "Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor may refer to : Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture or Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Series , Miniseries , or Television Film ", "Kyra Minturn Sedgwick Bacon -LRB- born August 19 , 1965 -RRB- is an American actress and producer . She is best known for her starring role as Deputy Chief Brenda Leigh Johnson on the TNT crime drama The Closer . Sedgwick 's role in the series won her a Golden Globe Award in 2007 and an Emmy Award in 2010 . The series ended on August 13 , 2012 , following the completion of its seventh season . She is also known for her recurring role as Madeline Wuntch on the successful sitcom Brooklyn Nine Nine . Sedgwick was nominated for a Golden Globe award for her performance in Something to Talk About -LRB- 1995 -RRB- . Sedgwick 's other film roles include Oliver Stone 's Born on the Fourth of July -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , Cameron Crowe 's Singles -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , as well as Heart and Souls -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , Phenomenon -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , What 's Cooking -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Secondhand Lions -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , The Game Plan -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , and The Possession -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . She also has one of the starring roles in the critically acclaimed 2016 comedy-drama movie The Edge of Seventeen . ", "Hilary Swank -LRB- born July 30 , 1974 -RRB- is an American actress and producer . She has won two Academy Awards for Best Actress and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2007 . Swank made her film debut in a minor role for Buffy the Vampire Slayer , before she made her breakout lead role in the fourth installment of the The Karate Kid franchise , The Next Karate Kid in 1994 . On television , she was cast as part of the main cast in the eighth season of the drama series Beverly Hills 90210 as single mother Carly Reynolds from 1997 to 1998 . Swank garnered critical acclaim for her portrayal of Brandon Teena in the 1999 biographical independent film Boys Do n't Cry , which earned her the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama . She starred in Clint Eastwood 's 2004 sports drama film Million Dollar Baby as struggling-waitress-turned-boxer Maggie Fitzgerald , which won her a second Oscar and Golden Globe for Best Actress . She starred in other films , such as The Gift -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Insomnia -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , Iron Jawed Angels -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Red Dust -LRB- 2004 -RRB- The Reaping -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , P.S. I Love You -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Freedom Writers -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and The Homesman -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . ", "The Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay -- Motion Picture is one of the annual awards given by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association . Notes : '' † '' indicates the winner of the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay '' ‡ '' indicates the winner of the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay '' † † '' indicates a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay '' ‡ ‡ '' indicates a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay '' § '' indicates a Golden Globe Award winner who was not nominated for the Academy Award " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "The_Nice_Guys", "Ah!_Les_belles_bacchantes", "Matt_Bomer", "The_Acrobat", "The_Magic_Crystal" ]

[ "The Nice Guys is a 2016 American neo-noir action comedy film directed by Shane Black and written by Black and Anthony Bagarozzi . The film stars Russell Crowe , Ryan Gosling , Angourie Rice , Matt Bomer , Margaret Qualley , Keith David and Kim Basinger . Set in Los Angeles , 1977 , the film focuses on a private eye -LRB- Gosling -RRB- and a tough enforcer -LRB- Crowe -RRB- who team up to investigate the disappearance of a teenage girl . The Nice Guys premiered on May 15 , 2016 , at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival and was released by Warner Bros. . Pictures in the United States on May 20 , 2016 . It received positive reviews from critics but grossed just $ 57 million against its $ 50 million budget . ", "Ah ! Les belles bacchantes Ah ! The nice moustache , is a French comedy film from 1954 , directed by Jean Loubignac , written by Francis Blanche , starring Robert Dhéry and Louis de Funès . The film is also known under the titles : Femmes de Paris and Peek-a-boo -LRB- USA -RRB- . ", "Matthew Staton Bomer -LRB- born October 11 , 1977 -RRB- is an American actor . He made his television debut with Guiding Light in 2001 , and gained recognition with his recurring role in the NBC television series Chuck . He played the lead role of con-artist and thief Neal Caffrey in the USA Network series White Collar from 2009 to 2014 . Bomer won a Golden Globe Award and received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his supporting role as Felix Turner , opposite Mark Ruffalo , in the HBO television film The Normal Heart -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Bomer made a guest appearance on the fourth season of FX 's horror anthology series American Horror Story . He was later upgraded to main cast during the fifth season . In film , Bomer has featured in supporting roles in the 2005 thriller Flightplan , the 2011 science fiction thriller In Time , the 2012 comedy-drama Magic Mike and its 2015 sequel , the 2014 supernatural-drama Winter 's Tale , and the 2016 neo-noir film The Nice Guys . On stage , Bomer has starred in the Dustin Lance Black play 8 on Broadway and at the Wilshire Ebell Theatre as Jeff Zarrillo , a plaintiff in the federal case that overturned California 's Proposition 8 . Bomer is married to the publicist Simon Halls with whom he has three children . ", "The Acrobat -LRB- French : L'acrobate -RRB- is a 1941 French comedy film directed by Jean Boyer and starring Fernandel , Jean Tissier and Thérèse Dorny . It was made at the Victorine Studios in Nice , in the Unoccupied Zone of France . The film 's art direction was by Paul-Louis Boutié and Guy de Gastyne . ", "The Magic Crystal is a 1986 Hong Kong action film written and directed by Wong Jing . The film stars Andy Lau and Cynthia Rothrock . It is about a mysterious crystal that holds powers to be able to do both nice and terrible things . The film is well known for being one of those ` so bad it 's good ' films . What saves the film from total mediocrity is its high-octane martial arts scenes . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 1, 0 ]

[ "Gotham_City_Sirens", "List_of_Gotham_episodes", "Joe_Chill", "Gotham_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Pantha" ]

[ "Gotham City Sirens is an American comic book series was written by Paul Dini with art by Guillem March and published by DC Comics . The term Gotham City Sirens refers to three of the most popular female characters that inhabit Gotham City , which include Catwoman , Harley Quinn , and Poison Ivy . The first issue of the series was released in June , 2009 , as a part of the Batman : Reborn relaunch in all of DC 's Batman titles . Warner Bros. is developing a film with the same title , although it has not been announced if the film will be based on the comic book series . ", "Gotham is an American crime-drama television series developed by Bruno Heller , based on characters appearing in and published by DC Comics in their Batman franchise , primarily those of James Gordon and Bruce Wayne . The series stars Ben McKenzie as the young Gordon , while Heller executive produces along with Danny Cannon , who also directed the pilot . As originally conceived , the series would have served as a straightforward story of Gordon 's early days on the Gotham City police force . Gotham was renewed for a third season in March 2016 , which premiered on September 19 , 2016 . ", "Joe Chill is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by DC Comics , commonly in association with the superhero Batman . Created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane , the character first appeared in Detective Comics # 33 -LRB- November 1939 -RRB- . In Batman 's origin story , Joe Chill is the Gotham City mugger who murders young Bruce Wayne 's parents , Dr. Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne . The murder traumatizes Bruce , and he swears to avenge their deaths by fighting crime as the vigilante Batman . ", "Gotham is an American crime drama television series developed by Bruno Heller , based on characters published by DC Comics and appearing in the Batman franchise , primarily those of James Gordon and Bruce Wayne . The series stars Ben McKenzie as the young Gordon , while Heller executive-produces , along with Danny Cannon , who also directed the pilot . Originally the series would have related only Gordon 's early days on the Gotham City Police Department , but the series subsequently included the Wayne character and the origin stories of several Batman villains , including Penguin , Riddler , Catwoman , Poison Ivy , Two-Face , Scarecrow , Mr. Freeze , and Hugo Strange . Gotham premiered on Fox on September 22 , 2014 . In March 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on September 19 , 2016 . In May 2017 , Fox renewed the series for a fourth season . ", "Pantha is a fictional character published by DC Comics . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Josh_Hutcherson", "Accounting_Technicians_Ireland", "Beautiful_Nowhere", "Jeffrey_Gramlich", "Josh_Meyers" ]

[ "Joshua Ryan `` Josh '' Hutcherson -LRB- born October 12 , 1992 -RRB- is an American actor . A native of Kentucky , Hutcherson began his acting career in the early 2000s and appeared in several commercials and minor film and television roles before landing his first major role in 2002 in the pilot episode of House Blend . His first film role was in Miracle Dogs -LRB- 2003 -RRB- on Animal Planet , followed by a motion-capture performance in The Polar Express -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and a voice-acting role in Howl 's Moving Castle -LRB- 2005 -RRB- . Hutcherson 's other early film appearances include Little Manhattan , Zathura -LRB- both 2005 -RRB- , RV -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Bridge to Terabithia -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Journey to the Center of the Earth -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , and The Kids Are All Right -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . In 2011 , he landed the leading role of Peeta Mellark in the box office record-setting film series The Hunger Games , released annually from 2012 to 2015 , for which he won three MTV Movie Awards and a People 's Choice Award . During the same period he also played a lead role in Journey 2 : The Mysterious Island -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and a voice role in the animated film Epic -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . Throughout his career , Hutcherson has expressed an interest in directing and producing . He has served as an executive producer in Detention -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , The Forger -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and Escobar : Paradise Lost -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , while also playing a lead role in each film . He is also heavily involved in the gay -- straight alliance chapter called `` Straight But Not Narrow '' . ", "Accounting Technicians Ireland -LRB- formerly IATI -RRB- is a professional body for Accounting Technicians on the island of Ireland . They have over 10,000 members and students in the Republic of Ireland and in Northern Ireland . The organisation was established in 1983 by representatives of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Ireland -LRB- ICAI -RRB- and the Irish Institute of Accounting Technicians -LRB- IIAT -RRB- . Accounting Technicians Ireland was originally called The Institute of Accounting Technicians in Ireland . The Accounting Technicians Ireland qualification combines professional exams with practical work experience . The Accounting Technicians Ireland diploma is divided into two parts , each of which is a qualification in its own right : Certificate for Accounting Technicians -LRB- 1 year -RRB- Diploma for Accounting Technicians -LRB- 2 years -RRB- As members of the Accounting Technicians Ireland body , individuals are entitled to use the letters MIATI after their name . After eight years members may be eligible to apply for fellow membership . Fellow members use the designation FIATI after their name . Other professional accountancy bodies recognise the qualification and offer exemptions from their examination to Accounting Technicians Ireland graduates . Accounting Technicians Ireland is a not-for-profit organisation . They are a partner body of Chartered Accountants Ireland and an associate member of the International Federation of Accountants -LRB- IFAC -RRB- . They have offices in Dublin and Belfast and links with local networks throughout Ireland . Accounting Technicians Ireland is the trading name for the Institute of Accounting Technicians in Ireland Limited . ", "Beautiful Nowhere is the second studio album by singer-songwriter Josh Clayton-Felt , though it was marketed and released under his birth name Josh Clayton . ", "Jeffrey D. Gramlich is Professor of Accounting , Howard D. and B. Phyllis Hoops Endowed Chair in Accounting and Director of the Hoops Institute of Taxation Research and Policy at Washington State University . From 2003 to 2014 Professor Gramlich served as the L.L. Bean/Lee Surace Endowed Chair at the University of Southern Maine . He has been a Guest Professor at Copenhagen Business School on several occasions since his initial visit in 1996 . From 2001 to 2003 he was a visiting professor at the University of Michigan Ross School of Business , preceded by 11 years as a professor at the University of Hawaii 's Shidler College of Business Administration . He delivers decision-oriented courses in financial accounting and financial statement analysis and valuation . Gramlich 's research appears in The Accounting Review , Journal of Accounting and Economics , Journal of Accounting Research , Contemporary Accounting Research , Accounting Horizons , Journal of the American Taxation Association , National Tax Journal , Journal of Accountancy and Journal of Business Finance & Accounting , among others . Gramlich 's most publicized research documented whistle-blowing assertions that Chevron , Texaco and the Government of Indonesia colluded to defraud U.S. federal and state governments of an estimated $ 9 billion in tax revenue . ", "Josh Meyers may refer to : Josh Meyers -LRB- actor -RRB- -LRB- born 1976 -RRB- , American actor and comedian Josh Meyers -LRB- ice hockey -RRB- , -LRB- born 1985 -RRB- , American professional ice hockey player " ]

[ 1, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Far_from_the_Madding_Crowd_-LRB-1967_film-RRB-", "Black_Narcissus", "Fiona_Walker", "Film_School_in_Písek", "Timofey_Lebeshev" ]

[ "Far from the Madding Crowd is a 1967 British epic drama film adapted from Thomas Hardy 's book of the same name . The film , starring Julie Christie , Alan Bates , Terence Stamp and Peter Finch , and directed by John Schlesinger , was Schlesinger 's fourth film -LRB- and his third collaboration with Christie -RRB- . It marked a stylistic shift away from his earlier works exploring contemporary urban mores . The cinematography was by Nicolas Roeg and the soundtrack was by Richard Rodney Bennett . He also used traditional folk songs in various scenes throughout the film . It was nominated for one Oscar for Best Original Music Score and two BAFTAs , Best British Cinematography -LRB- Colour -RRB- and Best British Costume -LRB- Colour -RRB- -LRB- Alan Barrett -RRB- . ", "Black Narcissus is a 1947 Technicolor religious drama film by the British writer-producer-director team of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger , based on the 1939 novel by Rumer Godden . It is a psychological drama about the emotional tensions of jealousy and lust within a convent of nuns in an isolated valley in the Himalayas , and features in the cast Deborah Kerr , Kathleen Byron , Sabu , David Farrar , Flora Robson , Esmond Knight , and Jean Simmons . Black Narcissus achieved acclaim for its pioneering technical mastery , with the cinematographer Jack Cardiff , shooting in vibrant colour , winning an Academy Award for Best Cinematography and a Golden Globe Award for Best Cinematography , and Alfred Junge winning an Academy Award for Best Art Direction . According to film critic David Thomson `` Black Narcissus is that rare thing , an erotic English film about the fantasies of nuns , startling whenever Kathleen Byron is involved '' . ", "Fiona Walker -LRB- born 24 May 1944 -RRB- is an English actress , known for numerous theatre and television roles between the 1960s and 1990s . Her best remembered TV part is probably the role of Agrippina in the BBC adaptation of I , Claudius -LRB- 1976 -RRB- , directed by Herbert Wise . She excelled as ` Miss Meteyard ' , the intelligent , wise-cracking copy-writer modelled on the author in Dorothy L Sayers ' Murder Must Advertise -LRB- 1973 BBC TV dramatisation -RRB- . She was an acidic Mrs Elton in BBC2 's 1972 adaptation of Jane Austen 's Emma and played the ill-fated Stella Mawson in Anglia 's first P. D. James ' adaptation , Death of an Expert Witness -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , also directed by Wise . Other television appearances have included All Creatures Great and Small -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , Pope John Paul II -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , Bleak House -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , The Woman in Black -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , Agatha Christie 's Poirot -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , and two Doctor Who serials , 24 years apart , playing villainesses Kala in The Keys of Marinus in 1964 , and Lady Peinforte in Silver Nemesis in 1988 , as well as a definitive Ruth in Alan Ayckbourn 's trilogy The Norman Conquests -- Thames Television -LRB- 1977 -RRB- . Her film roles included Liddy in Far from the Madding Crowd -LRB- 1967 -RRB- , the cult horror film The Asphyx -LRB- 1972 -RRB- , and Century -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , starring Charles Dance and Clive Owen . Walker married Herbert Wise in 1988 . Her children , Charlie Walker-Wise and Susannah Wise , are also actors . ", "The Film Academy of Miroslav Ondříček in Písek is private school located in South Bohemia in Písek . The school is named after Miroslav Ondříček , a Czech cinematographer and patron of the school . The school offers bachelor degrees , master degrees and vocational courses in screenwriting , directing , cinematography , sound and editing . The school has an International Film Studies Program , which is an intensive one-year film course in English language , in directing , producing , screenwriting , sound and editing , cinematography and animation . Every autumn , the school organizes an international student film festival . ", "Timofey Pavlovich Lebeshev -LRB- Тимофeй Павлович Лeбeшeв February 20 , 1905 - August 1 , 1981 -RRB- was a Soviet cinematographer . He became an Honored Artist of the RSFSR in 1965 and Honored Artist of the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1976 . In 1931 , he graduated from the State College of Cinematography . He was director of the film studio Mostehfilm , then Mosfilm . His son , Pavel Lebeshev , was a Soviet and Russian cinematographer . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Brat_Pack_-LRB-actors-RRB-", "Aud_Egede-Nissen", "Molly_Ringwald", "Harry_Liston", "Yakisoba" ]

[ "The Brat Pack is a nickname given to a group of young actors who frequently appeared together in teen-oriented coming-of-age films in the 1980s . First mentioned in a 1985 New York magazine article , it is now usually defined as the cast members of two specific films released in 1985 -- The Breakfast Club and St. Elmo 's Fire -- although other actors are sometimes included . The `` core '' members are considered to be Emilio Estevez , Anthony Michael Hall , Rob Lowe , Andrew McCarthy , Demi Moore , Judd Nelson , Molly Ringwald , and Ally Sheedy . ", "Aud Egede-Nissen -LRB- 30 May 1893 -- 15 November 1974 -RRB- was a Norwegian actress , appearing in many early 20th-century German films . ", "Molly Kathleen Ringwald -LRB- born February 18 , 1968 -RRB- is an American actress , singer , dancer , and author . She was cast in her first major role as Molly in The Facts of Life -LRB- 1979 -- 80 -RRB- after a casting director saw her playing an orphan in a stage production of the musical `` Annie '' . She and several other members of the original Facts of Life cast were let go when the show was reworked by the network . She made her motion picture debut in the independent film Tempest -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , which earned her a Golden Globe nomination . After subsequently appearing in the successful John Hughes films Sixteen Candles -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , The Breakfast Club -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , and Pretty in Pink -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , Ringwald became a teen icon . She later starred in The Pick-up Artist -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , and For Keeps -LRB- 1988 -RRB- . She starred in many films in the 1990s , most notably Something to Live for : The Alison Gertz Story -LRB- 1992 -RRB- and The Stand -LRB- 1994 -RRB- . Ringwald is part of the `` Brat Pack '' and she was ranked number 1 on VH1 's 100 Greatest Teen Stars . ", "Harry Liston -LRB- 7 October 1843 -- 12 April 1929 -RRB- was an English comedian and actor who appeared in music hall , variety shows and other entertainments during the Victorian era and in the first decades of the 20th century . ", ", literally `` fried buckwheat , '' or -LRB- the same , but in sauce -RRB- . It first appeared in food stalls in Japan during the early 20th century . Although soba means buckwheat , typically suggesting noodles made from that flour in mainland Japan , yakisoba noodles are made from wheat flour . It is typically flavored with a condiment similar to oyster sauce . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Faye_Resnick", "Joseph_Y._Resnick_Airport", "Faye,_Loir-et-Cher", "Jacques_de_la_Faye", "Abdoulaye_Faye" ]

[ "Faye Denise Resnick -LRB- born July 3 , 1957 -RRB- is an American television personality , author , and interior designer . She is best known for her involvement in the O. J. Simpson murder trial and for her appearance on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills . ", "Joseph Y. Resnick Airport , is located in Ellenville , New York , United States . ", "Faye is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher department of central France . ", "Jacques de la Faye was a 17th-18th century French writer whose Defensio Religionis -LRB- ' `` Defense of Religion ' -RRB- a 251-page critique of the pantheism of John Toland , was published at Utrecht in 1709 . De la Faye 's was the first recorded use of the word , `` pantheism '' . ", "Abdoulaye Diagne-Faye -LRB- born 26 February 1978 -RRB- , known as Abdoulaye Faye , is a Senegalese former footballer who played as a defender . Faye began his career playing for ASEC Ndiambour and Jeanne d'Arc in his native Senegal before moving to French side Lens in 2002 . After spending time out on loan at Istres he attracted the attentions of Sam Allardyce who signed him for Bolton Wanderers in July 2005 . After two seasons at Bolton he followed Allardyce to Newcastle United where he spent one season before joining Stoke City in August 2008 for # 2.25 million . Faye became a popular player at the Britannia Stadium in 2008 -- 2009 as he won the player of the year and was named captain by Tony Pulis for the 2009 -- 2010 season . He lost the capacity to Ryan Shawcross for 2010 -- 2011 and then had a third spell working with Allardyce at West Ham United . Faye helped the Hammers gain promotion to the Premier League in 2011 -- 12 before joining Hull City where he was again involved in a promotion winning season in 2012 -- 13 before being released at the end of the 2013 -- 14 season . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Electric_chair", "Glossip_v._Gross", "Guo_Xiaojun", "Immobilized_enzyme_electron_spin_resonance", "Jug_fishing" ]

[ "Execution by electrocution , performed using an electric chair , is a method of execution originating in the United States in which the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes fastened on the head and leg . This execution method , conceived in 1881 by a Buffalo , New York , dentist named Alfred P. Southwick , was developed throughout the 1880s as a humane alternative to hanging and first used in 1890 . This execution method has been used in the United States and , for a period of several decades , in the Philippines -LRB- its first use there in 1924 , last in 1976 -RRB- . Historically , once the condemned person was attached to the chair , various cycles -LRB- differing in voltage and duration -RRB- of alternating current would be passed through the individual 's body , in order to cause fatal damage to the internal organs -LRB- including the brain -RRB- . The first more powerful jolt of electric current was designed to pass through the head and cause immediate unconsciousness and brain death . The second less powerful jolt was designed to cause fatal damage to the vital organs . Death may also be caused by electrical overstimulation of the heart . Although the electric chair has long been a symbol of the death penalty in the United States , its use is in decline due to the rise of lethal injection , which is widely believed to be a more humane method of execution . Although some states still maintain electrocution as a method of execution , today it is only maintained as a secondary method that may be chosen over lethal injection at the request of the prisoner , except in Tennessee where it may be used if the drugs for lethal injection are not available , without input from the prisoner . As of 2014 , electrocution is an optional form of execution in Alabama , Florida , South Carolina and Virginia . They allow the prisoner to choose lethal injection as an alternative method . In the state of Kentucky the electric chair has been retired except for those whose capital crimes were committed prior to March 31 , 1998 , and who choose electrocution ; inmates who do not choose electrocution and inmates who committed their crimes after the designated date are executed by lethal injection . In the state of Tennessee the electric chair is available for use if lethal injection drugs are unavailable , or otherwise if the inmate so chooses if their capital crime was committed before 1999 . The electric chair is an alternate form of execution approved for potential use in Arkansas and Oklahoma if other forms of execution are found unconstitutional in the state at the time of execution . On February 8 , 2008 , the Nebraska Supreme Court determined that execution by electric chair was a `` cruel and unusual punishment '' under the state 's constitution . This brought executions of this type to an end in Nebraska , the only remaining state to retain electrocution as its sole method of execution . ", "Glossip v. Gross , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held 5-4 that lethal injections using midazolam do not constitute cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution . The Court found that condemned prisoners can only challenge their method of execution after providing a known and available alternative method . ", "Guo Xiaojun （ 郭小军 ） is a Chinese university lecturer and practitioner of Falun Gong who has twice been imprisoned by the government of the People 's Republic of China on charges of `` using a heretical organization to subvert the law '' . Amnesty International considers him a prisoner of conscience . ", "Immobilized enzyme electron spin resonance -LRB- IE-ESR -RRB- is an electron spin resonance technique used to detect short lived radicals generated from enzyme reactions . This method is an alternative to the more commonly used continuous-flow or fast-flow ESR method . ", "Jug fishing is an unlimited class tackle method of fishing that uses lines suspended from floating jugs to catch fish in lakes or rivers . Often , a large number of jugs are used when jug fishing . In many states , a fisherman could use up to twenty , and jug sets of around twenty are common in practice . Jug fishing is most common in southern states where many different kinds of people jug fish . Jugs are often put out at sunset and picked up at sunrise by the whole family . Jug fishing consists of a simple setup where lines are tied onto jugs and weights can be added to the line to keep the jug 's location fixed . Jug fishing is also subjected to numerous Department of Natural Resources and local water regulations that could include : the number of jugs , dates and times when jug fishing is allowed , and if jug fishing is even allowed . Many fish can be caught on jugs , but the main target of jug fishing is often catfish . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Jab_Tak_Hai_Jaan", "Rati_Pandey", "Arijit_Singh", "Tightrope_-LRB-Illy_song-RRB-", "Paaras_Madaan" ]

[ "Jab Tak Hai Jaan -LRB- English : As Long as I Live , literally `` as long , or as far , as there is life '' -RRB- is a 2012 Indian romantic drama film directed by Yash Chopra and written and produced by Aditya Chopra under their production banner , Yash Raj Films . The movie is the first collaboration between Khan and Kaif , and the second between Khan and Sharma -LRB- they previously featured in the 2008 film Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi -RRB- . Yash Chopra returned to directing eight years after Veer-Zaara . This was to be his final film before his death in October 2012 , at age 80 . The background score and soundtrack was composed by A. R. Rahman , with lyrics from Gulzar . Set in London , England , Jab Tak Hai Jaan tells the story of Akira Rai -LRB- Anushka Sharma -RRB- , an ambitious , hardworking intern at the Discovery Channel . She finds the diary of Samar Anand -LRB- Shah Rukh Khan -RRB- , a bomb-disposal expert . The diary recounts his time as a struggling immigrant in London , and later details his whirlwind romance with Meera Thapar -LRB- Katrina Kaif -RRB- . The film was released during the six-day Diwali weekend beginning on 13 November 2012 . Jab Tak Hai Jaan emerged as the third-highest-grossing Bollywood film overseas at that time , after 3 Idiots and My Name Is Khan -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . The film was praised for its direction , cinematography , and the chemistry between its lead actors . Khan and Sharma were lauded for their performances , though the movie 's predictable plot drew criticism . At the end of its theatrical run Jab Tak Hai Jaan received a number of awards , including four Filmfare Awards , which included trophies for Best Supporting Actress -LRB- Anushka Sharma -RRB- and Best Lyrics for Gulzar . ", "Rati Pandey is an Indian television actress . Her television works include Hitler Didi , Miley Jab Hum Tum -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Har Ghar Kuch Kehta Hai and Shaadi Street . ", "Arijit Singh is an Indian Musician , singer , composer , music producer , recordist , and music programmer . He prominently sings in Hindi and Bengali . He also has songs in Gujarati , Tamil , Telugu , Marathi , Assamese and Kannada . He excels in the skill of singing . He has often been portrayed by the Indian media as a `` small town boy who made it big '' . Arijit is regarded as one of the most versatile and successful singers in the history of Indian Music and Indian Cinema . His singing is known for being melliflous , soulful and melodious . His voice is been described as a voice that penetrates the soul and creates a sense of blissful relaxation , a voice that promises to spread happiness and touches the crux of the entire being . He is applauded and praised for his art of giving `` emotions and soul to lyrics '' through his vocals . Arijit 's voice and singing is been loved by the Indian music lovers , and it is said that it mesmerizes and soothes the soul of listeners . He is known for being shy and often stays away from limelight despite the fame and popularity that he enjoys in South Asia and amongst South Asian diaspora worldwide . His first achievement came just during the beginning of his singing career when he received upcoming male vocalist of the year award at 2013 Mirchi Music Awards for his rendition of the song `` Duaa '' and was also nominated for the song `` Phir Le Aya Dil '' . Music director and composer Pritam along with the Indian film production house Vishesh Films is been credited as the one who showed faith in his talent , and gave him initial songs of his career and thus became an important factor behind the `` emergence '' of Arijit Singh . Singh became very popular and shot to widespread prominence with the release of `` Tum Hi Ho '' in 2013 , composed and written by his Friend and Music Composer Mithoon from the film Aashiqui 2 . He won the prestigious Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer for the song in 2014 . Arijit had won IBN Live Movie Award for the song `` Muskurane ki wajah '' in the Best Playback Singer category . He won Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer for the song `` Sooraj Dooba Hain '' in 2016 . In 2017 , at the 62nd Filmfare Awards , he won Best Male Playback Singer Award for the title track of the film Ae Dil Hai Mushkil . Arijit won Male Vocalist of The Year award at 2017 Mirchi Music Awards for his rendition of `` Ae Dil Hai Mushkil '' . He was honoured with Best Male Playback Singer award for the title track of the same film at Zee Cine Awards 2017 . In a short span of time he has won almost every prestigious Indian music awards . He was awarded `` NISU Youth Icon '' award in 2014 , by National Indian Students and Alumni Union UK . Some of his most popular Hindi film songs are `` Channa Mereya '' , `` Tum Hi Ho '' , `` Phir Bhi Tumko Chahunga '' , `` Aayat '' , `` Raabta '' , `` Ae Dil Hai Mushkil '' , `` Muskurane ki wajah '' , `` Laal Ishq '' , `` Kabhi Jo Baadal Barse '' , `` Samjhawan '' , `` Suno Na Sangemarmar '' , `` Ilahi '' , `` Sooraj Dooba Hain '' , `` Sanam Re '' , `` Soch Na Sake '' , `` Mast Magan '' , `` Bolna '' , `` Sawan Aaya Hai '' , `` Gerua '' , `` Janam Janam '' , `` Nashe Si Chadh Gayi '' , `` Khamoshiyan '' , `` Hamari Adhuri Kahani '' , `` Enna Sona '' , `` Dilliwaali Girlfriend '' , `` Palat '' , `` Dharkhaast '' , `` Naina '' , `` Kabira '' , `` Zaalima '' , `` Yeh Ishq Hai '' , `` Alvida '' . ", "`` Tightrope '' is a song by Australian rapper , Illy . Written by Mark Landon and Alasdair Murray and produced by the former under his stage name , M-Phazes the song was first released in March 2014 through Illy 's record label , ONETWO as the fourth single from Illy 's fourth studio album , Cinematic -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . `` Tightrope '' was well received by fans and was also singled out as one of the strongest tracks on Cinematic in Navarone Farrell 's review of the album for The AU Review . ", "Paras Madaan is an Indian television actor who shot to fame with the television series Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil on Star Plus and later known for the roles in the shows like Nisha Aur Uske Cousins and Qubool Hai " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Firefox", "Web_browser", "GeeksPhone_Peak", "Computer_port_-LRB-hardware-RRB-", "Foster_Hardware" ]

[ "Mozilla Firefox -LRB- or simply Firefox -RRB- is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary the Mozilla Corporation . Firefox is available for Windows , macOS and Linux operating systems , with its Firefox for Android available for Android -LRB- formerly Firefox for mobile , it also ran on the discontinued Firefox OS -RRB- ; where all of these versions use the Gecko layout engine to render web pages , which implements current and anticipated web standards . An additional version , Firefox for iOS , was released in late 2015 , but this version does not use Gecko due to Apple 's restrictions limiting third-party web browsers to the WebKit-based layout engine built into iOS . Firefox was created in 2002 under the name `` Phoenix '' by Mozilla community members who desired a standalone browser , rather than the Mozilla Application Suite bundle . Even during its beta phase , Firefox proved to be popular with its testers and was praised for its speed , security , and add-ons compared to Microsoft 's then-dominant Internet Explorer 6 . Firefox was released in November 2004 , and was highly successful with 60 million downloads within nine months , which was the first time that Internet Explorer 's dominance was challenged . Firefox is considered the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator , as the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998 before their acquisition by AOL . Firefox usage grew to a peak of 32 % at the end of 2009 , temporarily making version 3.5 the world 's most popular browser . Usage then declined in competition with Google Chrome . , Firefox has between 9 % and 16 % of worldwide usage as a `` desktop '' browser , making it the second most popular web browser . Firefox is still the most popular desktop browser in Cuba -LRB- even most popular overall -RRB- , Eritrea , and Germany , with 85.93 % , 79.39 % , and 37.01 % of the market share , respectively . It is also the most popular desktop browser in many other African countries . According to Mozilla , there were half a billion Firefox users around the world . ", "A web browser -LRB- commonly referred to as a browser -RRB- is a software application for retrieving , presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web . An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier -LRB- URI/URL -RRB- that may be a web page , image , video or other piece of content . Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources . Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web , they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems . The most popular web browsers are Google Chrome , Microsoft Edge -LRB- preceded by Internet Explorer -RRB- , Safari , Opera and Firefox . ", "The GeeksPhone Peak is a low-end smartphone released by GeeksPhone in April 2013 . It is intended for software developers wanting to build and test mobile applications on the new Firefox OS , not for general consumers . The Peak and the entry-level Keon are the first commercially available mobile devices running Firefox OS . ", "In computer hardware , a port serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices . In computer terms , a port generally refers to the female part of connection . Computer ports have many uses , to connect a monitor , webcam , speakers , or other peripheral devices . On the physical layer , a computer port is a specialized outlet on a piece of equipment to which a plug or cable connects . Electronically , the several conductors where the port and cable contacts connect , provide a method to transfer signals between devices . ", "The Foster Hardware Building -LRB- also known as the Terry Office Supply Building -RRB- is a historic building located at 404 Main Street , Paintsville , Kentucky , United States . The building was constructed in 1904 by the Foster Hardware Company , which was the antecedent firm to former local wholesale firm , Big Sandy Hardware . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "Firefox", "Web_browser", "GeeksPhone_Peak", "Computer_port_-LRB-hardware-RRB-", "Foster_Hardware" ]

[ "Mozilla Firefox -LRB- or simply Firefox -RRB- is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary the Mozilla Corporation . Firefox is available for Windows , macOS and Linux operating systems , with its Firefox for Android available for Android -LRB- formerly Firefox for mobile , it also ran on the discontinued Firefox OS -RRB- ; where all of these versions use the Gecko layout engine to render web pages , which implements current and anticipated web standards . An additional version , Firefox for iOS , was released in late 2015 , but this version does not use Gecko due to Apple 's restrictions limiting third-party web browsers to the WebKit-based layout engine built into iOS . Firefox was created in 2002 under the name `` Phoenix '' by Mozilla community members who desired a standalone browser , rather than the Mozilla Application Suite bundle . Even during its beta phase , Firefox proved to be popular with its testers and was praised for its speed , security , and add-ons compared to Microsoft 's then-dominant Internet Explorer 6 . Firefox was released in November 2004 , and was highly successful with 60 million downloads within nine months , which was the first time that Internet Explorer 's dominance was challenged . Firefox is considered the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator , as the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998 before their acquisition by AOL . Firefox usage grew to a peak of 32 % at the end of 2009 , temporarily making version 3.5 the world 's most popular browser . Usage then declined in competition with Google Chrome . , Firefox has between 9 % and 16 % of worldwide usage as a `` desktop '' browser , making it the second most popular web browser . Firefox is still the most popular desktop browser in Cuba -LRB- even most popular overall -RRB- , Eritrea , and Germany , with 85.93 % , 79.39 % , and 37.01 % of the market share , respectively . It is also the most popular desktop browser in many other African countries . According to Mozilla , there were half a billion Firefox users around the world . ", "A web browser -LRB- commonly referred to as a browser -RRB- is a software application for retrieving , presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web . An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier -LRB- URI/URL -RRB- that may be a web page , image , video or other piece of content . Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources . Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web , they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems . The most popular web browsers are Google Chrome , Microsoft Edge -LRB- preceded by Internet Explorer -RRB- , Safari , Opera and Firefox . ", "The GeeksPhone Peak is a low-end smartphone released by GeeksPhone in April 2013 . It is intended for software developers wanting to build and test mobile applications on the new Firefox OS , not for general consumers . The Peak and the entry-level Keon are the first commercially available mobile devices running Firefox OS . ", "In computer hardware , a port serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices . In computer terms , a port generally refers to the female part of connection . Computer ports have many uses , to connect a monitor , webcam , speakers , or other peripheral devices . On the physical layer , a computer port is a specialized outlet on a piece of equipment to which a plug or cable connects . Electronically , the several conductors where the port and cable contacts connect , provide a method to transfer signals between devices . ", "The Foster Hardware Building -LRB- also known as the Terry Office Supply Building -RRB- is a historic building located at 404 Main Street , Paintsville , Kentucky , United States . The building was constructed in 1904 by the Foster Hardware Company , which was the antecedent firm to former local wholesale firm , Big Sandy Hardware . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "The_Little_Prince_-LRB-2015_film-RRB-", "The_Incredibles_2", "Cars_3", "The_Polar_Express_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Vis5D" ]

[ "The Little Prince is a 2015 English-language French-Italian 3D animated fantasy adventure family drama film directed by Mark Osborne and based on the 1943 novel of the same name by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry . It is the first adaptation as a full-length animated feature of The Little Prince . The film relates the story of the book using stop motion animation which is woven into a computer animated framing narrative about a young girl who has just met the book 's now-elderly aviator narrator who tells her the story of his meeting with the Little Prince in the Sahara Desert . The film stars the voices of Jeff Bridges , Rachel McAdams , Paul Rudd , Bud Cort , Marion Cotillard , Benicio del Toro , James Franco , Ricky Gervais , Paul Giamatti , Riley Osborne , Albert Brooks and Mackenzie Foy . It was produced by Dimitri Rassam , Aton Soumache and Alexis Vonarb , and written by Irena Brignull and Bob Persichetti with music by Hans Zimmer and Richard Harvey . The film premiered on 22 May 2015 at the 68th Cannes Film Festival in an out-of-competition screening , followed by a wide release in France on 29 July by Paramount Pictures . The US theatrical release was set for a release date of 18 March 2016 in RealD 3D , but was dropped mysteriously . Netflix later acquired the US distribution rights and released it on 5 August 2016 . The film has received positive reviews , earning praise for its style of animation and homage paid to the source material and earned $ 97.6 million on a $ 77.5 million budget , becoming the most successful French animated film abroad of all time . ", "The Incredibles 2 is an upcoming 2018 American 3D computer-animated superhero film , and is the sequel to The Incredibles -LRB- 2004 -RRB- . It is in production by Pixar Animation Studios , and will be released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is being written and directed by Brad Bird , the writer and director of the first film . The movie is scheduled to be released on June 15 , 2018 and will be given an IMAX release . ", "Cars 3 is an upcoming 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and scheduled to be released on June 16 , 2017 by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the eighteenth Pixar film , the third installment in the Cars franchise , a sequel to Cars 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and a threequel to Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . It is being directed by Brian Fee , a storyboard artist on Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and Cars 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . It will be the first film he has directed . ", "The Polar Express is a 2004 American 3D computer-animated Christmas musical fantasy film based on the 1985 children 's book of the same name by Chris Van Allsburg , who served as one of the executive producers on the film . Written , produced , and directed by Robert Zemeckis , the film features human characters animated using live action motion capture animation . The film stars Daryl Sabara , Nona Gaye , Jimmy Bennett , and Eddie Deezen , with Tom Hanks in six distinct roles . The film also included a performance by Tinashe at age 9 , who later gained exposure as a pop singer in 2010 , as the CGI-model for the female protagonist . Castle Rock Entertainment produced the film in association with Shangri-La Entertainment , ImageMovers , Playtone and Golden Mean , for Warner Bros. . Pictures , as Castle Rock 's first animated production . The visual effects and performance capture were done at Sony Pictures Imageworks . The film was made with a budget of $ 165 million , a record-breaking sum for an animated feature at the time . The film was released in both conventional and IMAX 3D theaters on November 10 , 2004 . It grossed $ 309 million worldwide , and was later listed in the 2006 Guinness World Book of Records as the first all-digital capture film . The film also marks Michael Jeter 's last acting role before his death , and the film was thus dedicated to his memory . ", "Vis5D is a 3D visualization system used primarily for animated 3D visualization of weather simulations . It was the first system to produce fully interactive animated 3D displays of time-dynamic volumetric data sets and the first open source 3D visualization system . It is GNU GPL licensed . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Quaid-i-Azam_University", "Sahibzada_Farhan", "Peter_S._Meadows", "Islamabad", "Bhagwant_Singh_Bangeshwar" ]

[ "The Quaid-i-Azam University -LRB- -LSB- ; simply QAU -RRB- is a public research university located in Islamabad , Pakistan . Founded as the University of Islamabad in 1977 , it was initially dedicated to the study of postgraduate education but expanded through the 1980s to an interdisciplinarity university offering both under and post graduate education . The university has , as of 2015 , grown into the largest varsity in Islamabad with a total enrollment excedding 13,000 students . The university is located on a 1700 acres -LRB- or 6.9 km ² -RRB- campus on the foothills of the Margalla . Divided into four faculties and nine affiliated research institutes , QAU is among Pakistan 's largest and highest ranked public universities . Globally , it is has been consistently ranked among the top 700 varisity 's in the world by the QS World University Rankings while it 's regional publications ranked QAU among 120 in Asia in 2013 . While the Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked it between 501-600 globally and top 120 in Asia in 2014 . The university is nationally known for its research , technological advancement , and intellectual interaction with international institutes , including the United Nations , University of Tokyo and the ICTP . It is one of the most popular universities in the country and counts several public figures and intellectuals among its current and former faculty , researchers , or alumni since its establishment . Among them include the Maleeha Lodhi , Pervez Hoodbhoy , Nasim Zehra , Shamshad Akhtar , Suhail Zubairy , Farzana Aslam , Tasneem Zehra and Salma Zahid . The university is currently led by Dr. Javed Ashraf . ", "Sahibzada Farhan -LRB- born 6 March 1996 -RRB- is a Pakistani cricketer . He made his first-class debut for Peshawar in the 2016 -- 17 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy on 1 October 2016 . ", "Professor Peter S. Meadows is a British political scientist and an Honorary Lecturer in the Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences at The University of Glasgow . Along with his wife , Dr Azra Meadows , he has carried out extensive work of an environmental , cultural and educational nature in Pakistan , and in 2005 was awarded the Sitara-i-Quaid-i-Azam -LRB- Star of the Great Leader -RRB- , one of the highest civilian medals of that country , for services to Pakistan . Professor Peter Meadows and Dr Azra Meadows are the editors of The Glasgow Naturalist , the annual publication of The Glasgow Natural History Society . He is easily recognized by his distinctively long , white beard . ", "Islamabad -LRB- -LSB- ɪzˈlɑːməˌbɑːd -RSB- -LSB- , , -LSB- ɪsˌlɑːmɑˈbɑːd̪ -RSB- -RRB- is the capital city of Pakistan located within the federal Islamabad Capital Territory . With a population of two million , it is the 10th largest city of Pakistan , while the larger Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the third largest in Pakistan with a population exceeding five million . The city is the political seat of Pakistan and is administered by the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation , supported by the Capital Development Authority -LRB- CDA -RRB- . Islamabad is located in the Pothohar Plateau in the northeastern part of the country , between Rawalpindi District and the Margalla Hills National Park to the north . The region has historically been a part of the crossroads of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the Margalla Pass acting as the gateway between the two regions . Islamabad was built during the 1960s to replace Karachi as Pakistan 's capital . The city 's master-plan divides the city into eight zones , including administrative , diplomatic enclave , residential areas , educational sectors , industrial sectors , commercial areas , and rural and green areas . The city is known for the presence of several parks and forests , including the Margalla Hills National Park and Shakarparian Park . The city is home to several landmarks , including the Faisal Mosque , the largest mosque in South Asia and the fourth largest in the world . Other landmarks include the Pakistan 's National Monument and Democracy Square . Islamabad is a beta - world city ; it is categorised as very high on the Human Development Index , the highest in the country . The city has the highest cost of living in Pakistan , and its population is dominated by middle and upper middle class citizens . The city is home to sixteen universities , including the Quaid-e-Azam University and NUST . The city is one of the safest in Pakistan , and has an expansive surveillance system with 1,900 CCTV cameras . ", "Sardar Bhagwant Singh Bangeshwar -LRB- Sarkar-i-Bangash Umra-i-Azam Sardar Bhagwant Singh -RRB- was an Indian ruler of Bangash -LRB- in present-day Punjab state of Pakistan -RRB- of the 18th century . He was a cousin of Bhai Mani Singh . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Children_of_Henry_VIII", "Elizabeth_Lewis", "Catherine_Woodville,_Duchess_of_Buckingham", "Duke_of_York", "Inez_Hogan" ]

[ "Henry VIII of England had several children . The best-known are the three legitimate children who survived Henry and succeeded him as monarchs of England successively , Edward VI , Mary I and Elizabeth I. His first two wives , Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn , had several pregnancies that ended in stillbirth , miscarriage , or death in infancy . Henry acknowledged one illegitimate child , Henry FitzRoy , as his own , but is suspected to have fathered several illegitimate children by different mistresses . The number and identity of these is a matter of historical debate . There are many theories about whether Henry VIII had fertility difficulties . His last three wives , Anne of Cleves , Catherine Howard and Catherine Parr are not known to have conceived by him , although Parr conceived in her next marriage . ", "Elizabeth Lewis may refer to : Betty Washington Lewis -LRB- 1733 -- 1797 -RRB- , only sister of George Washington to live to adulthood Betty Bagby Lewis -LRB- 1925 -- 2008 -RRB- , American writer and local historian Elizabeth Foreman Lewis -LRB- 1892 -- 1958 -RRB- , American children 's book author ", "Catherine Woodville -LRB- or Wydeville ; c. 1458 -- 18 May 1497 -RRB- was an English medieval noblewoman . She was the sister-in-law of King Edward IV of England and gave birth to several illustrious children . Catherine was the daughter of Richard Woodville , 1st Earl Rivers , and Jacquetta of Luxembourg . When her sister Elizabeth married King Edward IV , the King elevated and promoted many members of the Woodville family . Elizabeth Woodville 's household records for 1466/67 indicate that Catherine was being raised in the queen 's household . Sometime before the coronation of Elizabeth in May 1465 , Catherine was married to Henry Stafford , 2nd Duke of Buckingham ; both were still children . A contemporary description of Elizabeth Woodville 's coronation relates that Catherine and her husband were carried on squires ' shoulders due to their youth . According to Dominic Mancini , Buckingham resented his marriage to a woman of inferior birth . However , the couple had four children : Edward Stafford , 3rd Duke of Buckingham -LRB- 3 February 1478 -- 17 May 1521 -RRB- Elizabeth Stafford , Countess of Sussex -LRB- ca. 1479 -- 11 May 1532 -RRB- Henry Stafford , 1st Earl of Wiltshire -LRB- c. 1479 -- 6 April 1523 -RRB- Anne Stafford , Countess of Huntingdon -LRB- c. 1483 -- 1544 -RRB- In 1483 , Buckingham first allied himself to the Richard , Duke of Gloucester , helping him succeed to the throne as Richard III , and then to Henry Tudor , leading an unsuccessful rebellion in his name . Buckingham was executed for treason on 2 November 1483 . After Richard III was defeated by Henry Tudor at Bosworth in 1485 , Catherine married the new king 's uncle Jasper Tudor on 7 November 1485 . After Jasper 's death in 1495 - not later than 24 February 1496 , - Catherine married Richard Wingfield , who outlived her . ", "The Duke of York is a title of nobility in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . Since the 15th century , it has , when granted , usually been given to the second son of English -LRB- later British -RRB- monarchs . The equivalent title in the Scottish peerage was Duke of Albany . Initially granted in the 14th century in the Peerage of England , the title Duke of York has been created eight times . Additionally , the title Duke of York and Albany has been created three times . These occurred during the 18th century , following the 1707 unification of the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland into a single , united realm . The double naming was done so that a territorial designation from each of the previously separate realms could be included . The current Duke of York is Prince Andrew , the second son of Queen Elizabeth II . Prince Andrew currently has no male heirs and has been unmarried since his 1996 divorce . ", "Inez Hogan -LRB- 5 August 1895-February 1973 -RRB- was an American author and illustrator of children 's books , particularly animal stories . She was born in Washington , D.C. and attended the Cape Cod School of Art . She lived in Provincetown and New York City . She wrote 63 books , including many about her character Nicodemus . She illustrated another 19 books , including the first edition of Epaminondas and His Auntie by Sara Cone Bryant . From the 1930s until her death , children 's books were her sole means of support . Of this she said `` I can think of no happier way to make a living . '' Inez Hogan died in February 1973 in Orleans , Massachusetts . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmaceutical_physician", "Donna_Amenta", "Sesame_Street_research", "Keith_E._Idso" ]

[ "Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action , where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made , natural , or endogenous -LRB- from within body -RRB- molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell , tissue , organ , or organism -LRB- sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species -RRB- . More specifically , it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function . If substances have medicinal properties , they are considered pharmaceuticals . The field encompasses drug composition and properties , synthesis and drug design , molecular and cellular mechanisms , organ/systems mechanisms , signal transduction/cellular communication , molecular diagnostics , interactions , toxicology , chemical biology , therapy , and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities . The two main areas of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics . Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of a drug on biological systems , and Pharmacokinetics studies the effects of biological systems on a drug . In broad terms , pharmacodynamics discusses the chemicals with biological receptors , and pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption , distribution , metabolism , and excretion -LRB- ADME -RRB- of chemicals from the biological systems . Pharmacology is not synonymous with pharmacy and the two terms are frequently confused . Pharmacology , a biomedical science , deals with the research , discovery , and characterization of chemicals which show biological effects and the elucidation of cellular and organismal function in relation to these chemicals . In contrast , pharmacy , a health services profession , is concerned with application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings ; whether it be in a dispensing or clinical care role . In either field , the primary contrast between the two are their distinctions between direct-patient care , for pharmacy practice , and the science-oriented research field , driven by pharmacology . The origins of clinical pharmacology date back to the Middle Ages in Avicenna 's The Canon of Medicine , Peter of Spain 's Commentary on Isaac , and John of St Amand 's Commentary on the Antedotary of Nicholas . Clinical pharmacology owes much of its foundation to the work of William Withering . Pharmacology as a scientific discipline did not further advance until the mid-19th century amid the great biomedical resurgence of that period . Before the second half of the nineteenth century , the remarkable potency and specificity of the actions of drugs such as morphine , quinine and digitalis were explained vaguely and with reference to extraordinary chemical powers and affinities to certain organs or tissues . The first pharmacology department was set up by Rudolf Buchheim in 1847 , in recognition of the need to understand how therapeutic drugs and poisons produced their effects . Early pharmacologists focused on natural substances , mainly plant extracts . Pharmacology developed in the 19th century as a biomedical science that applied the principles of scientific experimentation to therapeutic contexts . Today pharmacologists use genetics , molecular biology , chemistry , and other advanced tools to transform information about molecular mechanisms and targets into therapies directed against disease , defects or pathogens , and create methods for preventative care , diagnostics , and ultimately personalized medicine . ", "A Pharmaceutical Physician is a healthcare professional who performs actions related to pharmacology . They work in biotechnology companies , Clinical Research Organisations -LRB- CROs -RRB- , Regulatory Authorities , and pharmaceutical companies . ", "Donna S. Amenta is an American professor in chemistry . She used to be the head of the James Madison University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry . Her research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of organometallic compounds . ", "In 1969 , the children 's television show Sesame Street premiered on the National Educational Television network -LRB- later succeeded by PBS -RRB- in the United States . Unlike earlier children 's programming , the show 's producers used research and over 1,000 studies and experiments to create the show and test its impact on its young viewers ' learning . By the end of the program 's first season , the organization founded to oversee Sesame Street production , Children 's Television Workshop -LRB- CTW -RRB- , had developed what came to be called `` the CTW model '' : a system of planning , production , and evaluation that combined the expertise of researchers and early childhood educators with that of the program 's writers , producers , and directors . CTW conducted research in two ways : in-house formative research that informed and improved production , and independent summative evaluations conducted by the Educational Testing Service -LRB- ETS -RRB- during the show 's first two seasons to measure the program 's educational effectiveness . CTW researchers invented tools to measure young viewers ' attention to the program . Based on these findings , the researchers compiled a body of data and the producers changed the show accordingly . The formative research on Sesame Street was the first time children 's television viewing was studied scientifically . Summative research conducted over the years , including two landmark evaluations in 1970 and 1971 , demonstrated that viewing the program had positive effects on young viewers ' learning , school readiness , and social skills . Subsequent studies have replicated these findings , such as the effect of the show in countries outside of the US , several longitudinal studies , the effects of war and natural disasters on young children , and studies about how the show affected viewers ' cognition . As CTW researcher Gerald S. Lesser stated in 1974 , early tests conducted on the show -LRB- both formative and summative -RRB- `` suggested that Sesame Street was making strides towards teaching what it had set out to teach '' . ", "Keith E. Idso is a botanist and vice president of the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change . He is the brother of Craig D. Idso and son of Sherwood B. Idso . He received his B.S. in Agriculture with a major in Plant Sciences from the University of Arizona and his M.S. from the same institution with a major in Agronomy and Plant Genetics . He completed his Ph.D. in Botany at Arizona State University . In 1994 , Idso , along with his father , published a review paper on the topic of increased CO2 levels and their effects on plant growth . The paper concluded that not only did other factors not diminish the ability of CO2 to increase plant growth rates , that `` the data show the relative growth-enhancing effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment to be greatest when resource limitations and environmental stresses are most severe . '' As of 1999 , he was teaching biology in the Maricopa County Community College District as an adjunct professor , a post to which he was appointed in 1996 . In 1998 , Idso spoke at the Doctors for Disaster Preparedness ' annual meeting in Scottsdale , Arizona . His talk was entitled `` Direct Biological Effects of Increasing Levels of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide . '' In 1999 , Idso was appointed by the Arizona Speaker of the House of Representatives to serve on the Arizona Advisory Council on Environmental Education . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "IPhone_4", "IPhone_3GS", "Apple_A4", "IPhone_4S", "IOS_4" ]

[ "The iPhone 4 is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. . Following a number of notable leaks , the iPhone 4 was first unveiled on June 7 , 2010 , at Apple 's Worldwide Developers Conference in San Francisco , and was released on June 24 , 2010 , in the United States , United Kingdom , France , Germany and Japan . It is the 4th generation of iPhone , succeeding the 3GS and preceding the 4S . The iPhone 4 introduced a new hardware design to the iPhone family , which Apple 's CEO Steve Jobs touted as the thinnest smartphone in the world at the time ; it consisted of an uninsulated stainless steel frame which doubles as an antenna , with internal components situated between chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass . The iPhone 4 also introduced Apple 's new high-resolution `` Retina Display '' ; while maintaining the same physical size and aspect ratio as its precursors , its liquid crystal display had a pixel density of 326 pixels per inch . The iPhone 4 also introduced Apple 's A4 system-on-chip , along with iOS 4 -- which notably introduced multitasking functionality and Apple 's new FaceTime video chat service . The iPhone 4 was also the first iPhone to include a front-facing camera , and the first to be released in a version for CDMA networks , ending AT&T 's period as the exclusive carrier of iPhone products in the United States . It was succeeded as Apple 's flagship smartphone in 2011 by the iPhone 4S . However , iPhone 4 continued to be produced until 2013 . The iPhone 4 received generally positive reception , with critics praising its revamped design and more powerful hardware in comparison to previous models . While it was a market success , with over 600,000 pre-orders within 24 hours , the release of the iPhone 4 was plagued by highly publicized reports that abnormalities in its new antenna design caused the device to lose its cellular signal if held in a certain way . Most human contact with the phone 's outer edge would cause a significant decrease in signal strength . The iPhone 4 spent the longest time as Apple 's flagship iPhone model at fifteen months , and had the longest lifespan of any iPhone ever produced , spanning close to four years and available in some developing countries until early 2015 . ", "The iPhone 3GS -LRB- originally styled iPhone 3G S -RRB- is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. . It is the third generation iPhone , successor to the iPhone 3G . It was introduced on June 8 , 2009 , at the WWDC 2009 which took place at the Moscone Center , San Francisco . This iPhone is named `` 3GS '' where `` S '' stood for Speed -LRB- Phil Schiller had mentioned it in the launch keynote -RRB- . Improvements include performance , a 3-megapixel camera with higher resolution and video ability , voice control , and support for 7.2 Mbit/s HSDPA downloading -LRB- but remains limited to uploading as Apple had not implemented the HSUPA protocol -RRB- . It was released in the USA , Canada , and six European countries on June 19 , 2009 , in Australia and Japan on June 26 , and internationally in July and August 2009 . The iPhone 3GS runs Apple 's iOS operating system . It is controlled mostly by a user 's fingertips on a multi-touch display . It was succeeded as Apple 's flagship smartphone in 2010 by the iPhone 4 ; however , the 3GS continued in production until September 2012 when the iPhone 5 was announced . ", "The Apple A4 is a 32-bit package on package -LRB- PoP -RRB- system-on-a-chip -LRB- SoC -RRB- designed by Apple Inc. and manufactured by Samsung . It combines an ARM Cortex-A8 CPU with a PowerVR GPU , and emphasizes power efficiency . The chip commercially debuted with the release of Apple 's iPad tablet ; followed shortly by the iPhone 4 smartphone , the iPod Touch -LRB- 4th generation -RRB- , and the Apple TV -LRB- 2nd generation -RRB- . It was superseded by the Apple A5 processor used in the iPad 2 released the following year , which was then subsequently replaced by the Apple A5X processor in the iPad -LRB- 3rd generation -RRB- . ", "The iPhone 4S -LRB- retroactively stylized with a lowercase 's ' as iPhone 4s as of September 2013 -RRB- is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. . It is the fifth generation of the iPhone , succeeding the iPhone 4 and preceding the iPhone 5 . Announced on October 4 , 2011 at Apple 's Cupertino campus , its media coverage was accompanied by news of the death of former Apple CEO and co-founder Steve Jobs on the following day . Orders could be placed on October 7 , 2011 and mainstream availability in retail stores began on October 14 , 2011 in the United States , Australia , Canada , the United Kingdom , France , Germany , and Japan , sales peaked over its predecessor with more than a million sales in the first twenty-four hours of order availability and more than four million sales in the first four days of retail availability . Further worldwide rollout , including 22 additional countries on October 28 , came over the next several months . This iPhone was named `` 4S '' where `` S '' stood for Siri -LRB- Apple CEO Tim Cook confirmed that during the Q&A session at the D10 conference in May 2012 , -RRB- an iPhone 4S-exclusive intelligent personal assistant that was later included in future generations of mobile Apple products . Retaining the most of the external design of the iPhone 4 , the 4S hosted major internal upgrades , including an upgrade to the Apple A5 chipset , and an 8-megapixel camera with 1080p video recording . It debuted with iOS 5 , the fifth major version of iOS , Apple 's mobile operating system , that introduced features including iCloud , iMessage , Notification Center , Reminders , and Twitter integration . Reception to the was generally favorable . Reviewers noted Siri , the new camera , and processing speeds as significant advantages over the prior model . It was succeeded by the iPhone 5 as Apple 's flagship phone on September 12 , 2012 . The iPhone 4S remained in production , albeit being sold with reduced storage -LRB- from 16/32/64 GB down to 8 GB -RRB- . It was discontinued officially on September 9 , 2014 , following the announcement of the iPhone 6 , but is currently supported as of iOS 9 . During the course of its lifetime , the iPhone 4S is the best-selling iPhone ever produced and it is the first iPhone to support five major versions of iOS : iOS 5 , iOS 6 , iOS 7 , iOS 8 , and iOS 9 . The iPad 2 was supported from iOS 4 to iOS 9 . It is also the last iPhone to have the original 30 pin connector as it was replaced by the Lightning Connector when the iPhone 5 was released . ", "iOS 4 is the fourth major release of the iOS mobile operating system designed by Apple Inc. , being the successor to iPhone OS 3 . It was released on June 21 , 2010 , and was the first major release to be renamed to simply `` iOS '' , and the first major release to drop support for some devices , as well as the first update that iPod Touch users did not have to pay for . iOS 4 was succeeded by iOS 5 , which was released on October 12 , 2011 . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Norman_Bates", "Freddie_Highmore", "You_Only_Live_2wice", "Freddie_Stewart_-LRB-actor-RRB-", "Thiago" ]

[ "Norman Bates is a fictional character created by Robert Bloch as the main antagonist in his 1959 novel Psycho , and portrayed by Anthony Perkins in the 1960 film of the same name directed by Alfred Hitchcock and its sequels , and by Freddie Highmore in the television series Bates Motel . The character was inspired by Wisconsin murderer Ed Gein . ", "Alfred Thomas `` Freddie '' Highmore -LRB- born 14 February 1992 -RRB- is an English actor . He made his acting debut in the comedy film Women Talking Dirty -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , and has since starred in Finding Neverland -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Five Children and It -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Charlie and the Chocolate Factory -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , Arthur and the Invisibles -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , August Rush -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , The Spiderwick Chronicles -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Toast -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and The Art of Getting By -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . He won the Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer in two consecutive years -LRB- 2004 -- 2005 -RRB- . For five seasons , Highmore starred as Norman Bates in the A&E drama-thriller series Bates Motel -LRB- 2013 -- 2017 -RRB- , for which he was twice nominated for the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series . In 2017 , he won a People 's Choice Award for his performance . ", "You Only Live 2wice is the third studio album by American rapper Freddie Gibbs . It was released on March 31 , 2017 , by ESGN and Empire Distribution . The album includes eight tracks with no guest appearances . ", "Freddie Stewart , born Morris Joseph Lazar -LRB- 25 March 1921 - 21 August 2000 -RRB- was an American actor and singer . His credits included playing the lead in The Teen Agers series of films . ", "Thiago is an equivalent of the name Jacob . It is also a variant of Tiago . Prince Pedro Thiago of Orléans-Braganza -LRB- born 1979 -RRB- , member of the Brazilian Imperial Family . According to the claims of the Petrópolis branch , he is the current Prince Imperial of Brazil and therefore first in line of succession to the defunct Brazilian throne . Thiago de Los Reyes -LRB- born 1989 -RRB- , Brazilian television and film actor Thiago Alcântara -LRB- born 1991 -RRB- , Spanish professional football player , known simply as Thiago Thiago Alves -LRB- tennis -RRB- -LRB- born 1982 -RRB- , Brazilian tennis player Thiago Alves -LRB- fighter -RRB- -LRB- born 1983 -RRB- , Brazilian mixed martial artist Thiago Soares Alves -LRB- born 1986 -RRB- , Brazilian volleyball player Thiago Cionek -LRB- born 1986 -RRB- , Polish-Brazilian football player Thiago Corrêa -LRB- born 1982 -RRB- , Brazilian football player Thiago Monteiro -LRB- table tennis -RRB- -LRB- born 1981 -RRB- , Brazilian table tennis player Thiago Maia -LRB- born 1997 -RRB- , Brazilian football player Thiago Motta -LRB- born 1982 -RRB- , Brazilian football player Thiago Neves -LRB- born 1985 -RRB- , Brazilian football player Thiago Quirino -LRB- born 1985 -RRB- , Brazilian football player Thiago Ribeiro -LRB- born 1986 -RRB- , Brazilian football player Thiago Silva -LRB- born 1984 -RRB- , Brazilian football player Thiago Silva -LRB- fighter -RRB- -LRB- born 1982 -RRB- , Brazilian mixed martial artist " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Ned_Stark", "Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_–_Motion_Picture_Drama", "The_Big_Country", "Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Screenplay", "Walter_Goss" ]

[ "Eddard `` Ned '' Stark is a fictional character in the first book of George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and the first season of its television adaptation . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Ned is the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Though the character is established as a primary character in the novel and the TV adaptation , Martin 's plot twist at the end involving Ned shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series . Ned is portrayed by Sean Bean in the first season of HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , and as a child and young man by Sebastian Croft and Robert Aramayo respectively in the sixth season . Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 . ", "The Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association as a separate category in 1951 . Previously , there was a single award for `` Best Actor in a Motion Picture '' but the splitting allowed for recognition of it and the Best Actor -- Musical or Comedy . The formal title has varied since its inception . In 2005 , it was officially called : `` Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama '' . As of 2013 , the wording is `` Best Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama '' . Notes : '' † '' indicates an Academy Award-winning performance . '' ‡ '' indicates an Academy Award-nominated performance that same year . '' § '' indicates a Golden Globe Award-winning performance that was not nominated for an Academy Award . ", "The Big Country is a 1958 American epic Western film directed by William Wyler and starring Gregory Peck , Jean Simmons , Carroll Baker , Charlton Heston and Burl Ives . The supporting cast features Charles Bickford and Chuck Connors . The picture was based on the serialized magazine novel Ambush at Blanco Canyon by Donald Hamilton . and was co-produced by Wyler and Peck . The opening title sequence was created by Saul Bass . The film is one of very few pictures in which Heston plays a major supporting role instead of the lead . Ives won the Academy Award as Best Supporting Actor for his performance as well as the Golden Globe Award . The film was also nominated for an Academy Award for the musical score by Jerome Moross . ", "The Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay -- Motion Picture is one of the annual awards given by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association . Notes : '' † '' indicates the winner of the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay '' ‡ '' indicates the winner of the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay '' † † '' indicates a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay '' ‡ ‡ '' indicates a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay '' § '' indicates a Golden Globe Award winner who was not nominated for the Academy Award ", "Walter Goss -LRB- July 21 , 1928 -- July 26 , 2012 -RRB- was an American sound engineer . He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film The Deep . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "IPhone_4", "IPhone", "IPhone_4S", "IPhone_3GS", "IOS_4" ]

[ "The iPhone 4 is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. . Following a number of notable leaks , the iPhone 4 was first unveiled on June 7 , 2010 , at Apple 's Worldwide Developers Conference in San Francisco , and was released on June 24 , 2010 , in the United States , United Kingdom , France , Germany and Japan . It is the 4th generation of iPhone , succeeding the 3GS and preceding the 4S . The iPhone 4 introduced a new hardware design to the iPhone family , which Apple 's CEO Steve Jobs touted as the thinnest smartphone in the world at the time ; it consisted of an uninsulated stainless steel frame which doubles as an antenna , with internal components situated between chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass . The iPhone 4 also introduced Apple 's new high-resolution `` Retina Display '' ; while maintaining the same physical size and aspect ratio as its precursors , its liquid crystal display had a pixel density of 326 pixels per inch . The iPhone 4 also introduced Apple 's A4 system-on-chip , along with iOS 4 -- which notably introduced multitasking functionality and Apple 's new FaceTime video chat service . The iPhone 4 was also the first iPhone to include a front-facing camera , and the first to be released in a version for CDMA networks , ending AT&T 's period as the exclusive carrier of iPhone products in the United States . It was succeeded as Apple 's flagship smartphone in 2011 by the iPhone 4S . However , iPhone 4 continued to be produced until 2013 . The iPhone 4 received generally positive reception , with critics praising its revamped design and more powerful hardware in comparison to previous models . While it was a market success , with over 600,000 pre-orders within 24 hours , the release of the iPhone 4 was plagued by highly publicized reports that abnormalities in its new antenna design caused the device to lose its cellular signal if held in a certain way . Most human contact with the phone 's outer edge would cause a significant decrease in signal strength . The iPhone 4 spent the longest time as Apple 's flagship iPhone model at fifteen months , and had the longest lifespan of any iPhone ever produced , spanning close to four years and available in some developing countries until early 2015 . ", "7 / 7 Plus : -RCB- -RCB- | unitssold = 1 billion + | service = -RCB- -RCB- iPhone -LRB- -LSB- ˈaɪfoʊn -RSB- -RRB- is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. . They run Apple 's iOS mobile operating system . The first generation iPhone was released on June 29 , 2007 , and there have been multiple new hardware iterations since . The user interface is built around the device 's multi-touch screen , including a virtual keyboard . The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks . An iPhone can shoot video -LRB- though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS -RRB- , take photos , play music , send and receive email , browse the web , send and receive text messages , follow GPS navigation , record notes , perform mathematical calculations , and receive visual voicemail . Other functionality , such as video games , reference works , and social networking , can be enabled by downloading mobile apps . , Apple 's App Store contained more than 2.2 million applications available for the iPhone . Apple has released ten generations of iPhone models , each accompanied by one of the ten major releases of the iOS operating system . The original 1st-generation iPhone was a GSM phone and established design precedents , such as a button placement that has persisted throughout all releases and a screen size maintained for the next four iterations . The iPhone 3G added 3G network support , and was followed by the 3GS with improved hardware , the 4 with a metal chassis , higher display resolution and front-facing camera , and the 4S with improved hardware and the voice assistant Siri . The iPhone 5 featured a taller , 4-inch display and Apple 's newly introduced Lightning connector . In 2013 , Apple released the 5S with improved hardware and a fingerprint reader , and the lower-cost 5C , a version of the 5 with colored plastic casings instead of metal . They were followed by the larger iPhone 6 , with models featuring 4.7 and 5.5-inch displays . The iPhone 6S was introduced the following year , which featured hardware upgrades and support for pressure-sensitive touch inputs , as well as the SE -- which featured hardware from the 6S but the smaller form factor of the 5S . In 2016 , Apple unveiled the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus , which add water resistance , improved system and graphics performance , a new rear dual-camera setup on the Plus model , and new color options , while removing the 3.5 mm headphone jack found on previous models . The original iPhone was described as `` revolutionary '' and a `` game-changer '' for the mobile phone industry . Newer iterations have also garnered praise , and the iPhone 's success has been credited with helping to make Apple one of the world 's most valuable publicly-traded companies . ", "The iPhone 4S -LRB- retroactively stylized with a lowercase 's ' as iPhone 4s as of September 2013 -RRB- is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. . It is the fifth generation of the iPhone , succeeding the iPhone 4 and preceding the iPhone 5 . Announced on October 4 , 2011 at Apple 's Cupertino campus , its media coverage was accompanied by news of the death of former Apple CEO and co-founder Steve Jobs on the following day . Orders could be placed on October 7 , 2011 and mainstream availability in retail stores began on October 14 , 2011 in the United States , Australia , Canada , the United Kingdom , France , Germany , and Japan , sales peaked over its predecessor with more than a million sales in the first twenty-four hours of order availability and more than four million sales in the first four days of retail availability . Further worldwide rollout , including 22 additional countries on October 28 , came over the next several months . This iPhone was named `` 4S '' where `` S '' stood for Siri -LRB- Apple CEO Tim Cook confirmed that during the Q&A session at the D10 conference in May 2012 , -RRB- an iPhone 4S-exclusive intelligent personal assistant that was later included in future generations of mobile Apple products . Retaining the most of the external design of the iPhone 4 , the 4S hosted major internal upgrades , including an upgrade to the Apple A5 chipset , and an 8-megapixel camera with 1080p video recording . It debuted with iOS 5 , the fifth major version of iOS , Apple 's mobile operating system , that introduced features including iCloud , iMessage , Notification Center , Reminders , and Twitter integration . Reception to the was generally favorable . Reviewers noted Siri , the new camera , and processing speeds as significant advantages over the prior model . It was succeeded by the iPhone 5 as Apple 's flagship phone on September 12 , 2012 . The iPhone 4S remained in production , albeit being sold with reduced storage -LRB- from 16/32/64 GB down to 8 GB -RRB- . It was discontinued officially on September 9 , 2014 , following the announcement of the iPhone 6 , but is currently supported as of iOS 9 . During the course of its lifetime , the iPhone 4S is the best-selling iPhone ever produced and it is the first iPhone to support five major versions of iOS : iOS 5 , iOS 6 , iOS 7 , iOS 8 , and iOS 9 . The iPad 2 was supported from iOS 4 to iOS 9 . It is also the last iPhone to have the original 30 pin connector as it was replaced by the Lightning Connector when the iPhone 5 was released . ", "The iPhone 3GS -LRB- originally styled iPhone 3G S -RRB- is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. . It is the third generation iPhone , successor to the iPhone 3G . It was introduced on June 8 , 2009 , at the WWDC 2009 which took place at the Moscone Center , San Francisco . This iPhone is named `` 3GS '' where `` S '' stood for Speed -LRB- Phil Schiller had mentioned it in the launch keynote -RRB- . Improvements include performance , a 3-megapixel camera with higher resolution and video ability , voice control , and support for 7.2 Mbit/s HSDPA downloading -LRB- but remains limited to uploading as Apple had not implemented the HSUPA protocol -RRB- . It was released in the USA , Canada , and six European countries on June 19 , 2009 , in Australia and Japan on June 26 , and internationally in July and August 2009 . The iPhone 3GS runs Apple 's iOS operating system . It is controlled mostly by a user 's fingertips on a multi-touch display . It was succeeded as Apple 's flagship smartphone in 2010 by the iPhone 4 ; however , the 3GS continued in production until September 2012 when the iPhone 5 was announced . ", "iOS 4 is the fourth major release of the iOS mobile operating system designed by Apple Inc. , being the successor to iPhone OS 3 . It was released on June 21 , 2010 , and was the first major release to be renamed to simply `` iOS '' , and the first major release to drop support for some devices , as well as the first update that iPod Touch users did not have to pay for . iOS 4 was succeeded by iOS 5 , which was released on October 12 , 2011 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Moscovium", "Unified_atomic_mass_unit", "Atomic_tourism", "Periodic_table", "MC_Honky" ]

[ "Moscovium is a superheavy synthetic element with symbol Mc and atomic number 115 . It was first synthesized in 2003 by a joint team of Russian and American scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research -LRB- JINR -RRB- in Dubna , Russia . In December 2015 , it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP . On 28 November 2016 , it was officially named after the Moscow region , which the JINR is situated in . Moscovium is an extremely radioactive element : its most stable known isotope , moscovium-290 , has a half-life of only 0.8 seconds . In the periodic table , it is a p-block transactinide element . It is a member of the 7th period and is placed in group 15 as the heaviest pnictogen , although it has not been confirmed to behave as a heavier homologue of the pnictogen bismuth . Moscovium is calculated to have some properties similar to its lighter homologues , nitrogen , phosphorus , arsenic , antimony , and bismuth , and to be a post-transition metal , although it should also show several major differences from them . About 100 atoms of moscovium have been observed to date , all of which have been shown to have mass numbers from 287 to 290 . ", "The unified atomic mass unit -LRB- symbol : u -RRB- or dalton -LRB- symbol : Da -RRB- is a standard unit of mass that quantifies mass on an atomic or molecular scale -LRB- atomic mass -RRB- . One unified atomic mass unit is approximately the mass of one nucleon -LRB- either a single proton or neutron -RRB- and is numerically equivalent to 1g/mol . It is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state and at rest , and has a value of , or approximately 1.66 yoctograms . The CIPM has categorised it as a non-SI unit accepted for use with the SI , and whose value in SI units must be obtained experimentally . The amu without the `` unified '' prefix is technically an obsolete unit based on oxygen , which was replaced in 1961 . However , many sources still use the term `` amu '' but now define it in the same way as u -LRB- i.e. , based on carbon-12 -RRB- . In this sense , most uses of the terms `` atomic mass units '' and `` amu '' today actually refer to unified atomic mass unit . For standardization a specific atomic nucleus -LRB- carbon-12 vs. oxygen-16 -RRB- had to be chosen because the average mass of a nucleon depends on the count of the nucleons in the atomic nucleus due to mass defect . This is also why the mass of a proton or neutron by itself is more than -LRB- and not equal to -RRB- 1 u. The atomic mass unit is not the unit of mass in the atomic units system , which is rather the electron rest mass -LRB- me -RRB- . ", "Atomic tourism is a relatively new type of tourism in which visitors learn about the Atomic Age by traveling to significant sites in atomic history such as museums with atomic weapons , vehicles that carried atomic weapons or sites where atomic weapons were detonated . The Center for Land Use Interpretation has conducted tours of the Nevada Test Site , Trinity Site , and other historical atomic age sites , to explore the cultural significance of these Cold War nuclear zones . The book Overlook : Exploring the Internal Fringes of America describes the purpose of this tourism as `` windows into the American psyche , landmarks that manifest the rich ambiguities of the nation 's cultural history . '' A Bureau of Atomic Tourism was proposed by American photographer Richard Misrach and writer Myriam Weisang Misrach in 1990 . ", "The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements , ordered by their atomic number -LRB- number of protons -RRB- , electron configurations , and recurring chemical properties . This ordering shows periodic trends , such as elements with similar behaviour in the same column . It also shows four rectangular blocks with some approximately similar chemical properties . In general , within one row -LRB- period -RRB- the elements are metals on the left , and non-metals on the right . The rows of the table are called periods ; the columns are called groups . Six groups have names as well as numbers : for example , group 17 elements are the halogens ; and group 18 , the noble gases . The periodic table can be used to derive relationships between the properties of the elements , and predict the properties of new elements yet to be discovered or synthesized . The periodic table provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical behaviour , and is widely used in chemistry and other sciences . The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev published the first widely recognized periodic table in 1869 . He developed his table to illustrate periodic trends in the properties of the then-known elements . Mendeleev also predicted some properties of then-unknown elements that would be expected to fill gaps in this table . Most of his predictions were proved correct when the elements in question were subsequently discovered . Mendeleev 's periodic table has since been expanded and refined with the discovery or synthesis of further new elements and the development of new theoretical models to explain chemical behaviour . All elements from atomic numbers 1 -LRB- hydrogen -RRB- to 118 -LRB- oganesson -RRB- have been discovered or synthesized , with the most recent additions -LRB- nihonium , moscovium , tennessine , and oganesson -RRB- being confirmed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry -LRB- IUPAC -RRB- on December 30 , 2015 and officially named on November 28 , 2016 : they complete the first seven rows of the periodic table . The first 94 elements exist naturally , although some are found only in trace amounts and were synthesized in laboratories before being found in nature . Elements with atomic numbers from 95 to 118 have only been synthesized in laboratories or nuclear reactors . Synthesis of elements having higher atomic numbers is being pursued . Numerous synthetic radionuclides of naturally occurring elements have also been produced in laboratories . ", "MC Honky is a stage persona whose only album release is I Am the Messiah . Although supposedly a middle-age disc jockey from Silverlake , California , MC Honky is promoted by and widely considered to be Mark Oliver Everett -LRB- or `` E '' -RRB- of Eels . Aside from their commercial association , it has been noted that `` E = MC Honky '' bears some relation to , because , as it is reasoned on fan sites , a honky is a `` square '' . This is further supported by the fact that is Albert Einstein 's most famous physics equation and Mark Oliver Everett 's father was the physicist Hugh Everett III , the creator of the Many-worlds interpretation commonly referred to as the Parallel Worlds theory . To support the album I Am the Messiah , an actor would open Eels shows as Honky , to `` prove '' that he and E were two separate persons . E and MC Honky also engaged in a comic feud on the Internet , in which E hoped MC Honky would catch SARS . The creator of the MC Honky artwork and videos is Ivan Brunetti . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Coeliac_disease", "List_of_people_diagnosed_with_coeliac_disease", "Parkinson's_disease", "Zonulin", "Bevacizumab" ]

[ "Coeliac disease , also spelled celiac disease , is a long term autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the small intestine that occurs in people who are genetically predisposed . Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic diarrhoea , abdominal distention , malabsorption , loss of appetite , and among children failure to grow normally . This often begins between six months and two years of age . Non-classic symptoms are more common , especially in people older than two years . There may be mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms , a wide number of symptoms involving any part of the body , or no obvious symptoms . Coeliac disease was first described in childhood ; however , it may develop at any age . It is associated with other autoimmune diseases , such as diabetes mellitus type 1 and thyroiditis , among others . Coeliac disease is caused by a reaction to gluten , which are various proteins found in wheat and in other grains such as barley , and rye . Moderate quantities of oats , free of contamination with other gluten-containing grains , are usually tolerated . The occurrence of problems may depend on the variety of oat . Upon exposure to gluten , an abnormal immune response may lead to the production of several different autoantibodies that can affect a number of different organs . In the small-bowel this causes an inflammatory reaction and may produce shortening of the villi lining the small intestine -LRB- villous atrophy -RRB- . This affects the absorption of nutrients , frequently leading to anaemia . Diagnosis is typically made by a combination of blood antibody tests and intestinal biopsies , helped by specific genetic testing . Making the diagnosis is not always straightforward . Frequently , the autoantibodies in the blood are negative and many people have only minor intestinal changes with normal villi . People may have severe symptoms and be investigated for years before a diagnosis is achieved . Increasingly , the diagnosis is being made in people without symptoms as a result of screening . Evidence regarding the effects of screening , however , is not sufficient to determine its usefulness . While the disease is caused by a permanent intolerance to wheat proteins , it is not a form of wheat allergy . The only known effective treatment is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet , which leads to recovery of the intestinal mucosa , improves symptoms , and reduces risk of developing complications in most people . If untreated , it may result in cancers such as intestinal lymphoma and a slight increased risk of early death . Rates vary between different regions of the world , from as few as 1 in 300 to as many as 1 in 40 , with an average of between 1 in 100 and 1 in 170 people . In developed countries , it is estimated that five out of six cases -LRB- 83 % -RRB- remain undiagnosed , usually because of non-classic , minimal , or absent complaints . Coeliac disease is slightly more common in women than in men . The term `` coeliac '' is from the Greek κοιλιακός -LRB- koiliakós , `` abdominal '' -RRB- and was introduced in the 19th century in a translation of what is generally regarded as an ancient Greek description of the disease by Aretaeus of Cappadocia . ", "The following is a list of notable people diagnosed with coeliac disease . ", "Parkinson 's disease -LRB- PD -RRB- is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system . The symptoms generally come on slowly over time . Early in the disease , the most obvious are shaking , rigidity , slowness of movement , and difficulty with walking . Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur . Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease . Depression and anxiety are also common occurring in more than a third of people with PD . Other symptoms include sensory , sleep , and emotional problems . The main motor symptoms are collectively called `` parkinsonism '' , or a `` parkinsonian syndrome '' . The cause of Parkinson 's disease is generally unknown , but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors . Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves . There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and among those who have had prior head injuries while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea . The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra , a region of the midbrain . This results in not enough dopamine in these areas . The reason for this cell death is poorly understood , but involves the build-up of proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons . Diagnosis of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms , with tests such as neuroimaging being used to rule out other diseases . There is no cure for Parkinson 's disease . Initial treatment is typically with the antiparkinson medication L-DOPA -LRB- levodopa -RRB- , with dopamine agonists being used once levodopa becomes less effective . As the disease progresses and neurons continue to be lost , these medications become less effective while at the same time they produce a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements . Diet and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms . Surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective . Evidence for treatments for the non-movement-related symptoms of PD , such as sleep disturbances and emotional problems , is less strong . In 2015 , PD affected 6.2 million people and resulted in about 117,400 deaths globally . Parkinson 's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60 , of which about one percent are affected . Males are more often affected than females . When it is seen in people before the age of 50 , it is called young-onset PD . The average life expectancy following diagnosis is between 7 and 14 years . The disease is named after the English doctor James Parkinson , who published the first detailed description in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy , in 1817 . Public awareness campaigns include World Parkinson 's Day -LRB- on the birthday of James Parkinson , 11 April -RRB- and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease . People with parkinsonism who have increased the public 's awareness of the condition include actor Michael J. Fox , Olympic cyclist Davis Phinney , and late professional boxer Muhammad Ali . ", "Zonulin -LRB- haptoglobin 2 precursor -RRB- is a protein that modulates the permeability of tight junctions between cells of the wall of the digestive tract . It was discovered in 2000 by Alessio Fasano and his team at the University of Maryland School of Medicine . As the mammalian analogue of zonula occludens toxin , secreted by cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae , zonulin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease and diabetes mellitus type 1 . Gliadin -LRB- glycoprotein present in wheat -RRB- activates zonulin signaling irrespective of the genetic expression of autoimmunity , leading to increased intestinal permeability to macromolecules . Zonula occludens toxin is being studied as an adjuvant to improve absorption of drugs and vaccines . In 2014 a zonulin receptor antagonist , larazotide acetate -LRB- formerly known as AT-1001 -RRB- , completed a phase 2b clinical trial . ", "Bevacizumab , sold under the trade name Avastin , is medication used to treat a number of types of cancers and a specific eye disease . For cancer it is given by slow injection into a vein and used for colon cancer , lung cancer , glioblastoma , and renal-cell carcinoma . For age-related macular degeneration it is given by injection into the eye . Common side effects when use for cancer include nose bleeds , headache , high blood pressure , and rash . Other severe side effects include gastrointestinal perforation , bleeding , allergic reactions , blood clots , and an increased risk of infection . When used for eye disease side effects can include vision loss and retinal detachment . Bevacizumab is in the angiogenesis inhibitor and monoclonal antibody families of medication . It works by slowing the growth of new blood vessels . Bevacizumab was approved for medical use in the United States in 2004 . It is on the World Health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines , the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system . It is listed for its use in treating eye disease . The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 638.54 USD per vial . This dose in the United Kingdom costs the NHS about 242.66 pounds . " ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "My_Christmas", "PBS", "Race-COLON-_The_Power_of_an_Illusion", "Need_to_Know_-LRB-PBS-RRB-", "Start_Up_-LRB-PBS_TV_series-RRB-" ]

[ "My Christmas is the thirteenth studio album and first Christmas album released by Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli . The album is a compilation of seasonal holiday favorites , mainly in English , with a few selections in Italian , German , and French , produced by multiple Grammy Award winner David Foster , containing duets with Mary J. Blige , Natalie Cole , Reba McEntire , Katherine Jenkins , The Mormon Tabernacle Choir , and The Muppets . It also includes `` God Bless Us Everyone '' , the only original song of the album , which Bocelli recorded for the closing of the 2009 film , A Christmas Carol . A Spanish version of the album , called Mi Navidad , was released November 23 , 2009 , and a PBS Christmas special of the album , filmed in the Kodak Theatre , was released on DVD December 8 , 2010 , after airing on PBS stations nationwide . With over 2.2 million copies sold in the last two months of 2009 in the United States alone , the album was the best-selling holiday album of the year , and one of the best-selling albums of 2009 , with worldwide sales exceeding 5 million copies . As of November 2014 , My Christmas has sold over 3,010,000 copies in the United States , making it one of the best-selling holiday albums in the United States , since Nielsen SoundScan tracking music sales tracking began in 1991 . ", "The Public Broadcasting Service -LRB- PBS -RRB- is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor . Headquartered in Arlington , Virginia , PBS is an independently operated non-profit organization and is the most prominent provider of television programming to public television stations in the United States , distributing series such as Keeping Up Appearances , BBC World News , NOVA scienceNOW , NOVA , Barney and Friends , Arthur , Sesame Street , PBS NewsHour , Walking with Dinosaurs , Masterpiece , Nature , American Masters , Frontline , and Antiques Roadshow . PBS is funded by member station dues , the Corporation for Public Broadcasting , government agencies , corporations , foundations and individual citizens . All proposed funding is subjected to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source . Since the mid-2000s , Roper polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States . However , PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations , a large proportion of which -LRB- including most specials aired during pledge drives -RRB- come from affiliates , including such member stations as WGBH , WETA-TV , WNET , WTTW National Productions -RRB- , American Public Television and independent producers . This arbitrary distinction is a frequent source of viewer confusion . The service has more than 350 member television stations , many owned by educational institutions or non-profit groups affiliated with a local public school district , collegiate educational institution or by state government-owned or - related entities . It also operates National Datacast -LRB- NDI -RRB- , a subsidiary which offers datacasting services via member stations , and provides additional revenue for PBS and its member stations . ", "Race : The Power of an Illusion was a three-part series that was produced by California Newsreel and investigated race in society , science and history . The educational documentary originally screened on PBS and was primarily funded by CPD , the Ford Foundation and PBS . ", "Need to Know was an American public television news program produced by WNET -LRB- a New York City PBS station -RRB- , and broadcast weekly on all Public Broadcasting Service -LRB- PBS -RRB- affiliate-stations in the United States -LRB- plus , ABC News 24 , in Australia -RRB- . It aired from May 2010 until June 2013 . PBS stated that the show was intended to fill the public-affairs and `` hard '' / investigative news void left by both the one-hour Bill Moyers Journal -LRB- which had ended with Mr. Moyers ' -LSB- ultimately temporary -RSB- retirement -RRB- , and the cancelled , half-hour NOW on PBS -LRB- hosted by investigative journalist David Brancaccio , a Moyers protege -RRB- . Both departing shows had been long-running , highly rated , and critically acclaimed for their journalistic quality , and focus on issues that deeply impacted regular Americans ' lives , yet went largely ignored by commercial TV news outlets . `` NTK '' branded itself the `` TV and Web newsmagazine -LSB- that -RSB- gives you what you need to know . '' PBS had described the show as `` a multi-platform current affairs news magazine , uniting broadcast and web in an innovative approach to newsgathering and reporting '' . Initially , it was co-hosted by Alison Stewart -LRB- a regular contributor to NPR , and , at the time , The Rachel Maddow Show '' 's main substitute-host -RRB- ; and , journalist , author , and then-Newsweek magazine -LRB- original version -RRB- editor-in-chief Jon Meacham . Later , the show was hosted by one journalist -LRB- out of a rotating group of three -RRB- who presented pre-taped correspondent pieces , then asked follow-up questions of the correspondent , in-studio . A short segment followed , in which a prominent person reflected on a difference-making period from his or her past . Throughout its first year-plus , the show failed to live up to the lofty expectations , and high production budget , that PBS had set for it . Many loyal PBS viewers were sharply critical of the show 's style and content -LRB- or , the alleged lack thereof -RRB- ; thousands of `` viewer mail '' comments flooded into the offices of PBS 's ombudsman . Managing only to generate ratings that fell far short of the shows it replaced , several attempts to re-tool the show were made . In April 2011 , Meacham 's role changed to that of `` contributing editor '' -LRB- i.e. , a recurring commentary segment -RRB- ; Stewart became the show 's sole anchor . The show 's format was changed further effective September 16 , 2011 , for both broadcast and website ; NPR 's Scott Simon guest-hosted the first episode with this new format . The website stated that the show would `` spend the next 15 months covering the campaign for president , but we 're going to do it differently ... -LSB- , -RSB- covering the campaign from the voters ' perspective , not the candidates ' '' . The costly production was halved to a 30-minute format ; also , Stewart left the show on September 9 , 2011 , citing the desire to focus on a book project and her family , plus , a lack of interest in the show 's new direction . In May 2013 , PBS officials informed the network 's member stations that Need to Know would be replaced by Charlie Rose Weekend -LRB- later retitled Charlie Rose : The Week -RRB- in July . WNET declined comment on the cancellation . Many of the employees who had worked on Need to Know were expected to move to PBS NewsHour 's new , weekend edition , which will also be produced by WNET . Marc Rosenwasser , who was the executive producer of Need to Know , will serve in the same capacity for PBS NewsHour Weekend '' , which was scheduled to premiere on September 7 , 2013 and is still on the air as of 7/8/2016 . ", "Start Up is an national American docu-series television show created by Gary Bredow . The series is produced by Jenny Feterovich and Gary Bredow and is broadcast by PBS , Create TV Network and World Channel . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Scream_-LRB-franchise-RRB-", "Scream_2", "Scream_-LRB-1996_film-RRB-", "Kevin_Williamson_-LRB-screenwriter-RRB-", "Wee_Peem" ]

[ "Scream is an American horror franchise created by Kevin Williamson and Wes Craven . Starring Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , and David Arquette , the film series grossed over $ 604 million in worldwide box-office receipts and consists of four motion pictures directed by Craven . The first series entry , Scream , was released on December 20 , 1996 and is currently the highest-grossing slasher film in the United States . The second entry Scream 2 was released on December 12 , 1997 followed by a third installment , Scream 3 , released February 4 , 2000 . Eleven years after the previous film , Scream 4 was released on April 15 , 2011 . The films follow Sidney Prescott , and her war against a succession of murderers who adopt the guise of Ghostface to stalk and torment their victims . Sidney receives support in the films from town deputy Dewey Riley , reporter Gale Weathers , and film-geek Randy Meeks . A tv spin off of the series was released by MTV on June 30 , 2015 . The series follows different characters and new storylines , not connected to the film series . Williamson 's original script was bought by Miramax and developed under the Dimension Films label by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , who recruited Craven to direct , who in turn recruited composer Marco Beltrami to score the film . This team went on to be involved in each film in the series though Williamson was forced to take a smaller role for Scream 3 , writing only a brief plot outline due to his commitments to other projects , with Ehren Kruger replacing him as screenwriter . The series ' violence resulted in conflicts with the Motion Picture Association of America and news media concerning censorship resulting in a reduction of violence and gore in Scream 3 when the Columbine High School massacre brought increased focus on the media 's influence on society . Scream became notable for its use of established and recognizable actors which was uncommon for horror films at the time , yet has since become common in part due to Scream 's success . The series , particularly the first two films , has received significant critical acclaim . Scream has been credited with revitalizing the horror genre in the late 90s by combining a traditional slasher film with humor , awareness of horror film cliché and a clever plot . Scream was one of the highest-grossing films of 1996 and became , and remains , the highest grossing slasher film in the world . Its success was matched by Scream 2 which not only broke box-office records of the time , but was also argued by some critics to actually be superior to the original . Scream 3 fared worse than its predecessors , both critically and financially , with critics commenting that it had become the type of horror film it originally parodied in Scream . It did , however , receive some positive response , with claims that it was the perfect end to the trilogy . The film series has been the recipient of several awards including a Saturn Award for Best Actress and MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance for Campbell and Best Horror Film for Scream . ", "Scream 2 is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson . It stars David Arquette , Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , Sarah Michelle Gellar , Jamie Kennedy , Laurie Metcalf , Jerry O'Connell , Jada Pinkett and Liev Schreiber . The film was released on December 12 , 1997 by Dimension Films as the second installment in the Scream film series . Scream 2 takes place one year after Scream and again follows the character of Sidney Prescott -LRB- Campbell -RRB- , now a student at the fictional Windsor College , who becomes the target of a copycat killer using the guise of Ghostface . Sidney is accompanied by film-geek Randy Meeks -LRB- Kennedy -RRB- , retired deputy sheriff Dewey Riley -LRB- Arquette -RRB- and news reporter Gale Weathers -LRB- Cox -RRB- . Like its predecessor , Scream 2 combines the violence of the slasher genre with elements of comedy and `` whodunit '' mystery while satirizing the cliché of film sequels . The film was followed by two sequels , Scream 3 -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and Scream 4 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . Williamson provided a five-page outline for a sequel to Scream when auctioning his original script , hoping to entice bidders with the potential of buying a franchise . Following a successful test screening of Scream and the film 's financial and critical success , Dimension moved forward with the sequel while Scream was still in theaters , with the principal cast all returning to star , Craven to direct and Beltrami to provide music . The film suffered controversy following its significant issues with plot information leaking onto the Internet , revealing the identity of the killers . Combined with the film 's rushed schedule , the script was rewritten often ; pages were sometimes completed on the day of filming . Despite these issues , Scream 2 earned $ 172 million , received several awards and nominations . The film also received positive reviews , with some critics arguing that the sequel surpassed the original in terms of quality . Beltrami received positive critical reception for his score for evolving the musical themes of the characters created in Scream although some critics claimed that the most memorable pieces from the film were created by composers Danny Elfman and Hans Zimmer . Elfman 's contribution had been specially written for the film , but Zimmer 's score for Broken Arrow was controversially used in the film , replacing Beltrami 's own work . The soundtrack received negative feedback from reviewers but achieved moderate sales success , reaching # 50 on the Billboard 200 . ", "Scream is a 1996 American slasher film written by Kevin Williamson and directed by Wes Craven . The film stars David Arquette , Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , Matthew Lillard , Rose McGowan , Skeet Ulrich , and Drew Barrymore . Released on December 20 , 1996 , Scream follows the character of Sidney Prescott -LRB- Campbell -RRB- , a high school student in the fictional town of Woodsboro , California , who becomes the target of a mysterious killer known as Ghostface . The film combined black comedy and `` whodunit '' mystery with the violence of the slasher genre to satirize the clichés of the horror film genre popularized in films such as Halloween and Friday the 13th . The film was considered unique at the time of its release for featuring characters who were aware of real world horror films and openly discussed the clichés that Scream attempted to subvert . Based partly on the real life case of the Gainesville Ripper , Scream was inspired by Williamson 's passion for horror films , especially Halloween -LRB- 1978 -RRB- . The script , originally titled Scary Movie , was bought by Dimension Films and was retitled by the Weinstein Brothers just before filming was complete . The production faced censorship issues with the Motion Picture Association of America and obstacles from locals while filming on location . The film went on to financial and critical acclaim , earning $ 173 million worldwide , and became the highest-grossing slasher film in the US in unadjusted dollars . It received several awards and award nominations . The soundtrack by Marco Beltrami was also acclaimed , and was cited as '' -LSB- one -RSB- of the most intriguing horror scores composed in years . '' It has since earned `` cult status . '' Scream marked a change in the genre as it cast already-established and successful actors , which was considered to have helped it find a wider audience , including a significant female viewership . Scream was credited with revitalizing the horror genre in the 1990s , which was considered to be almost dead following an influx of direct-to-video titles and numerous sequels to established horror franchises of the 1970s and 1980s . These sequels drew decreasing financial and critical success , as they exploited clichés upon which films in the genre had become reliant . Screams success spawned a series of sequels , though only Scream 2 , released in 1997 , achieved a level of commercial and critical success equal to the original film . In the years following the release of Scream , the film was accused of inspiring and even inducing violent crimes and murders . ", "Kevin Meade Williamson -LRB- born March 14 , 1965 -RRB- is an American screenwriter , filmmaker , and actor , best known as the creator of the TV series Dawson 's Creek -LRB- 1998 -- 2003 -RRB- , The Vampire Diaries -LRB- 2009 -- 2017 -RRB- , The Following -LRB- 2013 -- 2015 -RRB- and Stalker -LRB- 2014 -- 2015 -RRB- . He is also widely known for developing and writing the screenplay for the slasher film Scream , as well as its sequels Scream 2 and Scream 4 . He also wrote the screenplay for the films I Know What You Did Last Summer , The Faculty , Teaching Mrs. Tingle -LRB- which he also directed -RRB- , and Cursed . ", "Wee Peem -LRB- `` He 's a Proper Scream '' -RRB- was a British comic strip , created by James Jewell . It ran in The Beano from 1938 on and ceased publication in 1957 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Boeing_767", "China_Yunnan_Airlines", "Boeing_787_Dreamliner", "Airbus_A380", "Wright_R-3350_Duplex-Cyclone" ]

[ "The Boeing 767 is a mid - to large-size , long-range , wide-body twin-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes . It was Boeing 's first wide-body twinjet and its first airliner with a two-crew glass cockpit . The aircraft has two turbofan engines , a conventional tail , and , for reduced aerodynamic drag , a supercritical wing design . Designed as a smaller wide-body airliner than earlier aircraft such as the 747 , the 767 has seating capacity for 181 to 375 people , and a design range of 3850 to , depending on variant . Development of the 767 occurred in tandem with a narrow-body twinjet , the 757 , resulting in shared design features which allow pilots to obtain a common type rating to operate both aircraft . The 767 is produced in three fuselage lengths . The original 767-200 entered service in 1982 , followed by the 767-300 in 1986 and the 767-400ER , an extended-range -LRB- ER -RRB- variant , in 2000 . The extended-range 767-200ER and 767-300ER models entered service in 1984 and 1988 , respectively , while a production freighter version , the 767-300F , debuted in 1995 . Conversion programs have modified passenger 767-200 and 767-300 series aircraft for cargo use , while military derivatives include the E-767 surveillance aircraft , the KC-767 and KC-46 aerial tankers , and VIP transports . Engines featured on the 767 include the General Electric CF6 , Pratt & Whitney JT9D and PW4000 , and Rolls-Royce RB211 turbofans . United Airlines first placed the 767 in commercial service in 1982 . The aircraft was initially flown on domestic and transcontinental routes , during which it demonstrated the reliability of its twinjet design . In 1985 , the 767 became the first twin-engined airliner to receive regulatory approval for extended overseas flights . The aircraft was then used to expand non-stop service on medium - to long-haul intercontinental routes . In 1986 , Boeing initiated studies for a higher-capacity 767 , ultimately leading to the development of the 777 , a larger wide-body twinjet . In the 1990s , the 767 became the most frequently used airliner for transatlantic flights between North America and Europe . The 767 is the first twinjet wide-body type to reach 1,000 aircraft delivered . As of April 2017 , Boeing has received 1,204 orders for the 767 from 74 customers ; 1,098 have been delivered . A total of 742 of these aircraft were in service in July 2016 ; the most popular variant is the 767-300ER , with 583 delivered ; Delta Air Lines is the largest operator , with 91 aircraft . Competitors have included the Airbus A300 , A310 , and A330-200 , while a successor , the 787 Dreamliner , entered service in October 2011 . Despite this , the 767 still remains in production . ", "China Yunnan Airlines -LRB- ; pinyin : Yúnnán Hángkōng Gōngsī -RRB- was an airline based in Kunming , Yunnan Province , People 's Republic of China . Its headquarters were on the property of Wujiaba Airport . Founded in 1992 , the airline was based in Kunming Wujiaba International Airport in Yunnan province and operated a fleet of Bombardier CRJ-200 , Boeing 737-300 and Boeing 767-300 aircraft before the merger with China Eastern Airlines . China Yunnan Airlines operated mostly domestic flights from Kunming to major Chinese cities and also provided international services to Hong Kong , Singapore , Thailand and Laos . In 2003 , China Yunnan Airlines and China Northwest Airlines merged into China Eastern Airlines . All the airliners were transferred to China Eastern Airlines and now painted in parent company 's livery . ", "The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is an American long-haul , mid-size widebody , twin-engine jet airliner made by Boeing Commercial Airplanes . Its variants seat 242 to 335 passengers in typical three-class seating configurations . It is a pioneering airliner with the use of composite materials as the primary material in the construction of its airframe . The 787 was designed to be 20 % more fuel efficient than the Boeing 767 , which it was intended to replace . The 787 Dreamliner 's distinguishing features include mostly electrical flight systems , raked wingtips , and noise-reducing chevrons on its engine nacelles . It shares a common type rating with the larger Boeing 777 to allow qualified pilots to operate both models . The aircraft 's initial designation was the 7E7 , prior to its renaming in January 2005 . The first 787 was unveiled in a roll-out ceremony on July 8 , 2007 at Boeing 's Everett factory . Development and production of the 787 has involved a large-scale collaboration with numerous suppliers worldwide . Final assembly takes place at the Boeing Everett Factory in Everett , Washington , and at the Boeing South Carolina factory in North Charleston , South Carolina . Originally planned to enter service in May 2008 , the project experienced multiple delays . The airliner 's maiden flight took place on December 15 , 2009 , and completed flight testing in mid-2011 . Boeing has reportedly spent $ 32 billion on the 787 program . Final US Federal Aviation Administration -LRB- FAA -RRB- and European Aviation Safety Agency -LRB- EASA -RRB- type certification was received in August 2011 and the first 787-8 was delivered in September 2011 . It entered commercial service on October 26 , 2011 with launch customer All Nippon Airways . The stretched 787-9 variant , which is 20 ft longer and can fly 450 nmi farther than the -8 , first flew in September 2013 . Deliveries of the 787-9 began in July 2014 ; it entered commercial service on August 7 , 2014 with All Nippon Airways , with 787-9 launch customer Air New Zealand following two days later . As of April 2017 , the 787 had orders for 1,213 aircraft from 64 customers , with All Nippon Airways having the largest number on order . The aircraft has suffered from several in-service problems , including fires on board related to its lithium-ion batteries . These systems were reviewed by both the FAA and the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau . The FAA issued a directive in January 2013 that grounded all 787s in the US and other civil aviation authorities followed suit . After Boeing completed tests on a revised battery design , the FAA approved the revised design and lifted the grounding in April 2013 ; the 787 returned to passenger service later that month . ", "The Airbus A380 is a double-deck , wide-body , four-engine jet airliner manufactured by European manufacturer Airbus . It is the world 's largest passenger airliner , and the airports at which it operates have upgraded facilities to accommodate it . It was initially named Airbus A3XX and designed to challenge Boeing 's monopoly in the large-aircraft market . The A380 made its first flight on 27 April 2005 and entered commercial service on 25 October 2007 with Singapore Airlines . The A380 's upper deck extends along the entire length of the fuselage , with a width equivalent to a wide-body aircraft . This gives the A380-800 's cabin 550 m2 of usable floor space , 40 % more than the next largest airliner , the Boeing 747-8 , and provides seating for 525 people in a typical three-class configuration or up to 853 people in an all-economy class configuration . The A380-800 has a design range of 15700 km , serving the second - and third-longest non-stop scheduled flights in the world -LRB- as of February 2017 -RRB- , and a cruising speed of Mach 0.85 -LRB- about 900 km/h , 560 mph or 490 kt at cruising altitude -RRB- . , Airbus had received 317 firm orders and delivered 210 aircraft ; Emirates is the biggest A380 customer with 142 ordered of which 94 have been delivered . ", "The Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone was one of the most powerful radial aircraft engines produced in the United States . It was a twin-row , supercharged , air-cooled , radial engine with 18 cylinders . Power ranged from 2,200 to over 3,700 hp -LRB- 1,640 to 2,760 kW -RRB- , depending on the model . Developed before World War II , the R-3350 's design required a long time to mature before finally being used to power the Boeing B-29 Superfortress . After the war , the engine had matured sufficiently to become a major civilian airliner design , notably in its turbo-compound forms . The engine is now commonly used on Hawker Sea Fury and Grumman F8F Bearcat Unlimited Class Racers at the Reno Air Races . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Chaperone_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Rebecca_Ferrand", "Video_Zonkers", "The_Great_Indian_Comedy_Show", "Jugni_Chali_Jalandhar" ]

[ "The Chaperone is a 2011 American comedy film directed by Stephen Herek , and also produced by WWE Studios . It stars Triple H , Yeardley Smith , Ariel Winter , Kevin Corrigan , José Zúñiga , Kevin Rankin , Enrico Colantoni , and Israel Boussard . ", "Rebecca Ferrand is a film and television producer , line producer . She is most well known for her producing of the infamous , banned animation Popetown , working as associate producer for Catterick , and producing Channel 4 television show Blunder . During her career Ferrand has worked primarily in comedy , and alongside Simon Pegg , Matt Lucas , Vic Reeves and comedy partner Bob Mortimer , Ruby Wax , Mackenzie Crook and Ben Miller . ", "Video Zonkers is a television reality comedy show aired on AXN Asia . The show features primarily bloopers , accidents , mix ups , reckless and unintelligent behaviour caught on tape . ", "Originally The Great Indian Comedy Show , The Comedy Show ha ha ha is a half-hour stand-up and sketch comedy show in Hindi . The program was first aired in October 2004 . The program , hosted by various members of the ensemble , others to host include : winners of The Great Indian Laughter Challenge . In 2007 , the program was renamed hanso India hanso due to confusion between The Great Indian Comedy Show and The Great Indian Laughter Challenge . The Program was produced by `` Aditya Narain Singh '' , a well-known television producer , who has produced famous hit shows like `` SHHH koi Hai '' , `` Krishna Arjun '' , Vikraal '' `` Majooba ka ajooba '' `` Royal Rasoi '' , '' POlice files '' , Haaya Panchaayat '' and many more and is currently producing Savdhaan India for Life OK . Much of the comedy performed in the program includes : Janta Ki Hajamat , Ratan Re-Imburse , Cutting with Jaggu & Tau ke bole . They usually include spoofs of popular movie scenes and other television programs . Cast members include : Ranvir Shorey Vinay Pathak Sunil Pal Gaurav Gera Suresh Menon Purbi Joshi Sonia Rakkar Suchitra Pillai Howard Rosenmeyer Ashwin Mushran Kunal Kumar ", "Jugni Chali Jalandhar is an Indian television comedy series that premiered on September 29 , 2008 on SAB TV . It replaced the show Left Right Left . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Temple_Hill_Entertainment", "Sisu_RA-140_DS", "Lubin_Manufacturing_Company", "Indo_British_Film_Co", "Daredevil_-LRB-Marvel_Comics_character-RRB-" ]

[ "Temple Hill Entertainment or Temple Hill Productions is an American-based film and television production company , established in February 2006 by producers Wyck Godfrey and Marty Bowen . The first film company produced was The Nativity Story in 2006 by director Catherine Hardwicke . The studio produced the Twilight film series . ", "Sisu RA-140 DS `` Raisu '' is a flail-type demining vehicle developed and produced by the Finnish company Sisu-Auto and later produced by Patria Vehicles in 1994 -- 2001 . The production totalled 41 units . ", "The Lubin Manufacturing Company , was an American motion picture production company that produced silent films from 1896 to 1916 . Lubin films were distributed with a Liberty Bell trademark . ", "The Indo British Film Co was a film production company set up by Dhirendra Nath Ganguly in 1918 . It was the first Bengalee owned production company in India . The first production by the company was Bilat Ferat in 1921 , directed by N.C. Lahiri . ", "Daredevil is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Daredevil was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist Bill Everett , with an unspecified amount of input from Jack Kirby . The character first appeared in Daredevil # 1 -LRB- April 1964 -RRB- . Daredevil 's origin story relates that while living in the historically gritty or crime-ridden , working class Irish-American neighborhood of Hell 's Kitchen in New York City , Matt Murdock is blinded by a radioactive substance that falls from a truck after he pushes a man to safety from the oncoming vehicle . While he no longer can see , the radioactive exposure heightens his remaining senses beyond normal human ability and gives him a `` radar sense '' . His father , a boxer named Jack Murdock , supports him as he grows up , though Jack is later killed by gangsters after refusing to throw a fight . After donning a yellow and dark red costume -LRB- later all dark red -RRB- , Matt seeks out revenge against his father 's killers as the superhero Daredevil , fighting against his many enemies , including Bullseye and Kingpin . He also becomes a lawyer after having graduated from law school with his best friend and roommate , Franklin `` Foggy '' Nelson . Daredevil is also commonly known by such epithets as the Man Without Fear and the Devil of Hell 's Kitchen . Frank Miller 's influential tenure on the title in the early 1980s cemented the character as a popular and influential part of the Marvel Universe . Daredevil has since appeared in various forms of media including several animated series , video games and merchandise , the character was first portrayed in live action by Rex Smith in the 1989 television movie The Trial of the Incredible Hulk . He was played by Ben Affleck in the 2003 film Daredevil , and by Charlie Cox in Marvel Studios 's Daredevil , a live-action television series on Netflix that premiered on April 10 , 2015 , and is set to reprise his role in The Defenders , as part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Nottingham_Forest_F.C.", "Steven_Riches", "Columbus_Clan_F.C.", "Roy_Dwight", "Joe_Mercer_-LRB-footballer,_born_1889-RRB-" ]

[ "Nottingham Forest Football Club is a professional association football club based in Nottingham , England . The team play in the Championship , the second tier of English football , having been there since promotion from League One in 2008 . The club , often referred to as Forest , have played home matches at the City Ground since 1898 . Founded in 1865 , Forest were founder members of the Football Alliance in 1889 and joined the Football League in 1892 . Since then , they have mostly competed in the top two League tiers , bar five seasons in the third tier . Forest won the FA Cup in 1898 and 1959 . Their most successful period was under the management of Brian Clough between 1975 and 1993 , winning the League in 1978 and back to back European Cups in the two years after , a feat which has never been equalled , plus four League Cups and two Full Members Cups . ", "Steven Alexander Riches -LRB- born 6 August 1976 in Sydney , Australia -RRB- is an Australian soccer player . Riches played five matches for Leyton Orient F.C. in England before playing for a number of English lower league football teams including Northampton Town . In 1999 , he returned to Australia to play for Blacktown City in the New South Wales Super League . ", "Vancouver Columbus F.C. , is a Canadian soccer club based in Vancouver , British Columbia currently playing in the Premier Division of the Vancouver Metro Soccer League . In 2013 the club was honoured with induction into the Canadian Soccer Hall of Fame as an Organization of Distinction . ", "Royston Edward Dwight -LRB- 9 January 1933 -- 9 April 2002 -RRB- was an English footballer . When he was eight , Roy 's mother died in childbirth , while giving birth to his sister Susan , and following his father 's death , he moved in with his grandparents . Although a winger , he was renowned for his shooting ability . Dwight scored 54 goals in 72 games for Fulham between 1954 and 1958 , including a hat-trick against Liverpool in 1956 . In 1957 he was in the London XI that beat Lausanne Sports 2-0 in the semi-final second leg of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup at Highbury . He moved on to Nottingham Forest in the summer of 1958 for a ` substantial ' fee . He opened the scoring after 10 minutes for Forest in the 1959 FA Cup Final against Luton Town . However , after 33 minutes , with Forest winning 2-0 , Dwight was carried off the Wembley pitch after breaking his leg in a tackle with Luton 's Brendan McNally . Ten-man Forest held on , winning the match 2-1 to become the only team reduced to 10 men by injury to win the trophy . In 1958 -- 59 , his only full season at Nottingham Forest , Dwight scored 26 goals in 41 League and 9 FA Cup appearances for Forest , including 2 hat-tricks . Despite scoring in his comeback game the following March he was not the player he had been before his injury , and he played only twice more for Forest before moving back to play in his native Kent with Gravesend and Northfleet . He returned to league football with spells at Coventry City and Millwall . He later managed Tooting and Mitcham , who had been Forest 's 3rd round opponents in their winning FA Cup run . He married Constance Carver in Dartford in 1954 , and was the cousin of singer Sir Elton John -LRB- real name Reg Dwight -RRB- . -LRB- Roy 's father Edwin and Sir Elton 's father Stanley were brothers -RRB- . Later in life during the 1970s he taught Physical Education at Forest Hill Boys Secondary School and took up a position of Assistant Racing Manager in the greyhound racing industry at Crayford Stadium . Roy Dwight died in London in 2002 at the age of 69 . ", "Joseph Powell `` Joe '' Mercer -LRB- 21 July 1889 -- 1927 -RRB- was an English professional football centre half who played in the Football League for Nottingham Forest and Tranmere Rovers . He was the father of footballer and manager Joe Mercer . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Nottingham_Forest_F.C.", "Steven_Riches", "Columbus_Clan_F.C.", "Roy_Dwight", "Joe_Mercer_-LRB-footballer,_born_1889-RRB-" ]

[ "Nottingham Forest Football Club is a professional association football club based in Nottingham , England . The team play in the Championship , the second tier of English football , having been there since promotion from League One in 2008 . The club , often referred to as Forest , have played home matches at the City Ground since 1898 . Founded in 1865 , Forest were founder members of the Football Alliance in 1889 and joined the Football League in 1892 . Since then , they have mostly competed in the top two League tiers , bar five seasons in the third tier . Forest won the FA Cup in 1898 and 1959 . Their most successful period was under the management of Brian Clough between 1975 and 1993 , winning the League in 1978 and back to back European Cups in the two years after , a feat which has never been equalled , plus four League Cups and two Full Members Cups . ", "Steven Alexander Riches -LRB- born 6 August 1976 in Sydney , Australia -RRB- is an Australian soccer player . Riches played five matches for Leyton Orient F.C. in England before playing for a number of English lower league football teams including Northampton Town . In 1999 , he returned to Australia to play for Blacktown City in the New South Wales Super League . ", "Vancouver Columbus F.C. , is a Canadian soccer club based in Vancouver , British Columbia currently playing in the Premier Division of the Vancouver Metro Soccer League . In 2013 the club was honoured with induction into the Canadian Soccer Hall of Fame as an Organization of Distinction . ", "Royston Edward Dwight -LRB- 9 January 1933 -- 9 April 2002 -RRB- was an English footballer . When he was eight , Roy 's mother died in childbirth , while giving birth to his sister Susan , and following his father 's death , he moved in with his grandparents . Although a winger , he was renowned for his shooting ability . Dwight scored 54 goals in 72 games for Fulham between 1954 and 1958 , including a hat-trick against Liverpool in 1956 . In 1957 he was in the London XI that beat Lausanne Sports 2-0 in the semi-final second leg of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup at Highbury . He moved on to Nottingham Forest in the summer of 1958 for a ` substantial ' fee . He opened the scoring after 10 minutes for Forest in the 1959 FA Cup Final against Luton Town . However , after 33 minutes , with Forest winning 2-0 , Dwight was carried off the Wembley pitch after breaking his leg in a tackle with Luton 's Brendan McNally . Ten-man Forest held on , winning the match 2-1 to become the only team reduced to 10 men by injury to win the trophy . In 1958 -- 59 , his only full season at Nottingham Forest , Dwight scored 26 goals in 41 League and 9 FA Cup appearances for Forest , including 2 hat-tricks . Despite scoring in his comeback game the following March he was not the player he had been before his injury , and he played only twice more for Forest before moving back to play in his native Kent with Gravesend and Northfleet . He returned to league football with spells at Coventry City and Millwall . He later managed Tooting and Mitcham , who had been Forest 's 3rd round opponents in their winning FA Cup run . He married Constance Carver in Dartford in 1954 , and was the cousin of singer Sir Elton John -LRB- real name Reg Dwight -RRB- . -LRB- Roy 's father Edwin and Sir Elton 's father Stanley were brothers -RRB- . Later in life during the 1970s he taught Physical Education at Forest Hill Boys Secondary School and took up a position of Assistant Racing Manager in the greyhound racing industry at Crayford Stadium . Roy Dwight died in London in 2002 at the age of 69 . ", "Joseph Powell `` Joe '' Mercer -LRB- 21 July 1889 -- 1927 -RRB- was an English professional football centre half who played in the Football League for Nottingham Forest and Tranmere Rovers . He was the father of footballer and manager Joe Mercer . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Vera_Wang", "Christopher_Chronis", "Wendy_Dagworthy", "Bibi_Russell", "Hajime_Tsutsui" ]

[ "Vera Ellen Wang -LRB- , -LSB- u̯ɑ̌ŋ u̯éɪ̯u̯éɪ̯ -RSB- ; born June 27 , 1949 -RRB- is an American fashion designer based in New York City . ", "Christopher Chronis -LRB- born September 29 , 1961 in Melbourne , Australia -RRB- is an Australian fashion designer . Chronis has designed men 's and women 's fashions under the Christopher Chronis Designs , Gas Station and Christos fashion labels . He is now the head designer of Global Designer Brands . ", "Wendy Ann Dagworthy OBE -LRB- born 4 March 1950 -RRB- is an English former fashion designer and now design academic . During her career she has led fashion design teaching at both the Royal College of Art and Central Saint Martins , mentoring notable fashion designers including Stella McCartney and Hussein Chalayan . An influential designer in her own right in the 1970s and '80s with the Wendy Dagworthy label , and one of the founders of London Fashion Week , she was described by the Daily Telegraph as : `` the high priestess of British fashion '' . ", "Bibi Russell is a Bangladeshi fashion designer and former international model . ", "-LRB- born on December 7 , 1970 , in Tokyo -RRB- is a Japanese artist and designer . Currently , he works as a fashion designer for the design firms Tsusuihajime × Hyouzaemon , Tsutsui Hajime × L'Homos , and Ninita . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "The_Incredibles_2", "Cars_3", "SM2", "A_Fairly_Odd_Christmas", "Architectural_animation" ]

[ "The Incredibles 2 is an upcoming 2018 American 3D computer-animated superhero film , and is the sequel to The Incredibles -LRB- 2004 -RRB- . It is in production by Pixar Animation Studios , and will be released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is being written and directed by Brad Bird , the writer and director of the first film . The movie is scheduled to be released on June 15 , 2018 and will be given an IMAX release . ", "Cars 3 is an upcoming 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and scheduled to be released on June 16 , 2017 by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the eighteenth Pixar film , the third installment in the Cars franchise , a sequel to Cars 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and a threequel to Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . It is being directed by Brian Fee , a storyboard artist on Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and Cars 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . It will be the first film he has directed . ", "SM2 or SM-2 may refer to : Spider-Man 2 , the second Spider-Man film Superman II , the second Superman film Scary Movie 2 , the second Scary Movie film VR Class Sm2 , a type of commuter train in Helsinki , Finland SM2 , the SM postcode area covering Belmont , South Sutton and East Ewell in England Standard Missile 2 , either of two US missiles : RIM-66 Standard -LRB- SM-1MR / SM-2MR -RRB- , a medium-range surface-to-air missile , the successor of the RIM-24 Tartar missile RIM-67 Standard -LRB- SM-1ER / SM-2ER non-VLS capable -RRB- , an extended range surface-to-air missile , the successor of the RIM-2 Terrier missile Song Meter SM2 , a bird monitoring recorder from Wildlife Acoustics PZL SM-2 , a Polish light utility helicopter also known as the WSK SM-2 SM-2 , one of the computer algorithms used in SuperMemo SM-2 , a research nuclear reactor at RIAR Super Mario Bros. 2 ", "A Fairly Odd Christmas -LRB- also known as A Fairly Odd Movie 2 -RRB- is a 2012 television film that is the sequel to the 2011 live-action TV film A Fairly Odd Movie : Grow Up , Timmy Turner ! and the second live-action adaptation of the Nickelodeon animated television series The Fairly OddParents . This was Drake Bell 's second appearance in a Christmas-themed Nickelodeon film , the first being Merry Christmas , Drake & Josh . The Nickelodeon Original Movie was first announced on March 14 , 2012 . The film aired on Nickelodeon on November 29 , 2012 , and received 4.473 million viewers on its premiere date . The film was released on DVD December 17 , 2013 . The television film was released on Blu-ray on December 15 , 2015 . ", "Architectural animation is a short architectural movie created on a computer . A computer-generated building is created along with landscaping and sometimes moving people and vehicles . Unlike an architectural rendering , which is a single image from a single point of view , an architectural animation is a series of hundreds or even thousands of still images . When these images are assembled and played back they produce a movie effect much like a real movie camera except all images are artificially created by computer . It is possible to add a computer-created environment around the building to enhance reality and to better convey its relationship to the surrounding area ; this can all be done before the project is built giving designers and stakeholders a realistic view of the completed project . Architectural renderings are often used along with architectural animation . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 1, 2 ]

[ "Barbara_Bush", "Robin_Bush", "Jeb_Bush", "George_H._W._Bush", "United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana,_1988" ]

[ "Barbara Bush -LRB- née Pierce ; born June 8 , 1925 -RRB- is the wife of George H. W. Bush , the 41st President of the United States , and served as First Lady of the United States from 1989 to 1993 . She is the mother of George W. Bush , the 43rd President , and Jeb Bush , the 43rd Governor of Florida . She served as the Second Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989 . Barbara Pierce was born in Flushing , New York . She attended Milton Public School from 1931 to 1937 , and Rye Country Day School from 1937-1940 . She graduated from Ashley Hall School in Charleston , South Carolina . She met George Herbert Walker Bush at age 16 , and the two married in Rye , New York in 1945 , while he was on leave during his deployment as a Naval officer in World War II . While George was attending Yale University at age 22 , Barbara and George were living in New Haven , Connecticut and had their first son , George Walker Bush , on July 6 , 1946 . -LRB- Thus , her first son , the eventual 43rd President of the United States , was the first Connecticut native to assume that office . George W. would eventually return to his hometown of New Haven in 1964 to attend Yale like his father did . -RRB- They had six children together . The Bush family soon moved to Midland , Texas , where their second son , Jeb was born in , on February 11 , 1953 ; as George Bush entered political life , she raised their children . While First Lady of the United States , Barbara Bush worked to advance the cause of universal literacy , and founded the Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy . ", "Robin Bush may refer to : Pauline Robinson `` Robin '' Bush -LRB- 1949 -- 1953 -RRB- , the second child of President George H. W. Bush who died of pediatric leukemia Robin Bush -LRB- historian -RRB- -LRB- 1943 -- 2010 -RRB- , former resident historian on Channel 4 's Time Team ", "John Ellis `` Jeb '' Bush Sr. -LRB- born February 11 , 1953 -RRB- is an American businessman and politician who served as the 43rd Governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007 . Bush , who grew up in Houston , is the second son of former President George H. W. Bush and former First Lady Barbara Bush , and a younger brother of former President George W. Bush . He graduated from Phillips Academy in Andover , Massachusetts , and attended the University of Texas , where he earned a degree in Latin American affairs . In 1980 , he moved to Florida and pursued a career in real estate development , and in 1986 became Florida 's Secretary of Commerce until 1988 . At that time , he joined his father 's successful campaign for the Presidency . In 1994 , Bush made his first run for office , losing the election for governor by less than two percentage points to the incumbent , Lawton Chiles . Bush ran again in 1998 and defeated Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay with 55 percent of the vote . He ran for reelection in 2002 , defeating Bill McBride and winning with 56 percent , to become Florida 's first two-term Republican governor . During his eight years as governor , Bush pushed an ambitious Everglades conservation plan , supported caps for medical malpractice litigation , launched a Medicaid privatization pilot program , and instituted reforms to the state education system , including the issuance of vouchers and promoting school choice . Bush announced his presidential candidacy on June 15 , 2015 . He suspended his campaign on February 20 , 2016 , shortly after the South Carolina primary and endorsed Senator Ted Cruz on March 23 , 2016 . Bush later made headlines by joining a group of Republicans who opposed the GOP nominee for President , Donald Trump . ", "George Herbert Walker Bush -LRB- born June 12 , 1924 -RRB- is an American politician who was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 and the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989 . A member of the Republican Party , he was previously a congressman , ambassador , and Director of Central Intelligence . He is the oldest living former President and Vice President . Since 2000 , Bush has often been referred to as `` George H. W. Bush '' , `` Bush 41 '' , `` Bush the Elder '' , or `` George Bush Senior '' to distinguish him from his eldest son , George W. Bush , who became the 43rd President of the United States after the 2000 election . Bush was born in Milton , Massachusetts , to Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush . Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 , Bush postponed his university studies , enlisted in the U.S. Navy on his 18th birthday , and became the youngest aviator in the U.S. Navy at the time . He served until the end of the war , then attended Yale University . Graduating in 1948 , he moved his family to West Texas and entered the oil business , becoming a millionaire by the age of 40 . Bush became involved in politics soon after founding his own oil company , and he won election to the House of Representatives in 1966 . In 1971 , President Richard Nixon appointed Bush as Ambassador to the United Nations , and in 1973 , Bush became the Chairman of the Republican National Committee . The following year , President Gerald Ford appointed Bush as the ambassador to the People 's Republic of China , and later reassigned Bush to the position of Director of Central Intelligence . Bush ran for president in 1980 but was defeated in the Republican primary by Ronald Reagan . Reagan chose Bush as his running mate , and Bush became vice president after the Reagan -- Bush ticket won the 1980 election . During his eight-year tenure as vice president , Bush headed administration task forces on deregulation and fighting the `` War on Drugs '' . In 1988 , Bush ran a successful campaign to succeed Reagan as President , defeating Democratic opponent Michael Dukakis . Foreign policy drove the Bush presidency : military operations were conducted in Panama and the Persian Gulf ; the Berlin Wall fell in 1989 , and the Soviet Union dissolved two years later . Though the agreement was not ratified until after he left office , Bush also signed the North American Free Trade Agreement , which created a trade bloc consisting of the United States , Canada , and Mexico . Domestically , Bush reneged on a 1988 campaign promise and , after a struggle with Congress , signed an increase in taxes that Congress had passed . In the wake of a weak recovery from an economic recession , along with continuing budget deficits and the diminution of foreign politics as a major issue in a post-Cold War political climate , he lost the 1992 presidential election to Democrat Bill Clinton . Bush left office in 1993 . His presidential library was dedicated in 1997 , and he has been active -- often alongside Bill Clinton -- in various humanitarian activities . With George W. Bush 's victory in the 2000 presidential election , Bush and his son became the second father-son combination to serve as president , following John Adams and John Quincy Adams . Another member of the Bush family , Bush 's second son Jeb Bush , served as the 43rd Governor of Florida -LRB- 1999 -- 2007 -RRB- and sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2016 . ", "The 1988 United States Presidential Election in Indiana took place on November 8 , 1988 . Indiana voters chose George H.W. Bush over Michael Dukakis by a 20-point margin . George H. W. Bush 's vice president , Dan Quayle , was from this state . No Democratic candidate has won this state since 1964 , until Barack Obama broke this record in 2008 . 1988 Category : Indiana elections , 1988 " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Alberto_Contador", "Jaime_Yoshiyama", "Stripped_-LRB-Macy_Gray_album-RRB-", "Alberto_Agra", "Luiz_Alberto_da_Silva_Oliveira" ]

[ "Alberto Contador Velasco -LRB- -LSB- alˈβerto kontaˈðor βeˈlasko -RSB- ; born 6 December 1982 -RRB- is a Spanish professional cyclist , one of six riders to have won all three Grand Tours of road cycling . He was the winner of the 2007 Tour de France with the team . With the Astana team he has won the 2008 Giro d'Italia , the 2008 Vuelta a España and the 2009 Tour de France . He initially also won the 2010 Tour de France with this team , and the 2011 Giro d'Italia with team Saxo Bank-SunGard , only to be stripped of these titles later having been found guilty of a doping offence . Following his return from a suspension , he won the 2012 Vuelta a España , the 2014 Vuelta a España and the 2015 Giro d'Italia . Notable summit stage finishes on which he has victories include the Alto de El Angliru in the Vuelta , the Plateau de Beille in the Tour and Mount Etna in the Giro . After being widely expected to lose his tenuous lead in the 2007 Tour de France in that race 's final individual time trial , Contador has become a more accomplished time trialist , with several victories in the discipline . He has earned a reputation as an all-rounder , a cyclist who excels in all aspects of stage racing which are needed for high places in the general classification . Contador 's career has been marked by doping allegations . The Operación Puerto doping case led his team -LRB- a team restructured to the current Astana team -RRB- to withdraw en masse from the 2006 Tour de France before it began . He was eventually cleared of any wrongdoing . In September 2010 , Contador announced that he had tested positive for clenbuterol in a control taken during that year 's Tour de France , in which he finished as winner , but although he was suspended during an investigation , he was cleared by the RFEC . A review by the Court of Arbitration for Sport initially set for June 2011 was later deferred several times until February 2012 , when the CAS decided that Contador be stripped of the results obtained in the 2010 Tour de France and later , which also caused him to lose his 2011 Giro d'Italia victory . He was also suspended until 5 August 2012 , and his contract with was annulled . Upon the completion of his ban , Contador rejoined the renamed team . ", "Clemente Jaime Yoshiyama Tanaka -LRB- born July 23 , 1944 -RRB- is a Japanese Peruvian and Fujimorist politician . He was the president of the Democratic Constitutional Congress . He was also the Minister of the Presidency under Alberto Fujimori . ", "Stripped is an album recorded by American singer/songwriter Macy Gray . Released on September 9 , 2016 , `` Stripped '' is her tenth album and her first jazz recording . The album debuted at No. 3 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart . ", "Alberto Agra was the former acting Justice secretary of the Republic of the Philippines . He was succeeded by Leila de Lima . ", "Luiz Alberto da Silva Oliveira -LRB- born 1 December 1977 in Rio de Janeiro -RRB- , more commonly Luiz Alberto , is a Brazilian football defender , who currently plays for Boavista . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Coins_of_the_Swiss_franc", "Bullion_coin", "Ecuadorian_centavo_coins", "Certified_Acceptance_Corporation", "Maga_of_Characene" ]

[ "The coins of the Swiss franc are the official coins used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein . The name of the subunit is Centime in French , Rappen in German , Centisimo in Italian and Rap in Romansh . There are coins in denominations of 5 centimes , 10 centimes , 20 centimes , 1/2 franc -LRB- 50 centimes -RRB- , 1 franc , 2 francs and 5 francs . In the past , there were also coins of 1 and 2 centimes . ", "A bullion coin is a coin struck from precious metal and kept as a store of value or an investment , rather than used in day-to-day commerce . The United Kingdom defines investment coins more specifically as coins that have been minted after 1800 , have a purity of not less than 900 thousandths and are , or have been , legal tender in their country of origin . Under United States law , `` coins '' that fail the last of these requirements are not coins at all , and must be advertised as `` rounds '' instead . Bullion coins are usually available in both gold and silver , with the exceptions of the Krugerrand -LRB- note in 2017 the first silver Krugerrand was minted -RRB- and the Swiss Vreneli which are only available in gold . The American Eagle series is available in gold , silver and platinum , and the Canadian Maple Leaf series is available in gold , silver , platinum , and palladium . Bullion coins are typically available in various weights . These are usually multiples or fractions of 1 troy ounce , but some bullion coins are produced in very limited quantities in kilograms or heavier . Bullion coins sell for a premium over the market price of the metal on the commodities exchanges . Reasons include their comparative small size and the costs associated with manufacture , storage and distribution . The amount of the premium varies depending on the coin 's type and weight and the precious metal . The premium also is affected by prevailing demand . The ISO currency code for gold bullion is XAU . ISO 4217 includes codes not only for currencies , but also for precious metals -LRB- gold , silver , palladium and platinum ; by definition expressed per one troy ounce , as compared to `` 1 USD '' -RRB- and certain other entities used in international finance , e.g. special drawing rights . ", "Ecuadorian centavo coins were introduced in 2000 when Ecuador converted its currency from the sucre to the U.S. dollar . The coins are in denominations of 1 , 5 , 10 , 25 and 50 centavos and are identical in size and value to their U.S. cent counterparts -LRB- although the U.S. 50-cent coin counterpart is not often seen in circulation -RRB- . They circulate within Ecuador alongside coins and banknotes from the USA . Although U.S. $ 1 coins are rarely used in the U.S. , they are commonly used in Ecuador . Ecuador managed to introduce a $ 1 coin -LRB- Un sucre -RRB- but finally decided to not release in common circulation , only in 2000 coin sets . Ecuador does not issue any banknotes , relying on U.S. issues . ", "Certified Acceptance Corporation -LRB- CAC -RRB- is a Far Hills , New Jersey coin certification company started in 2007 by coin dealer John Albanese . The firm evaluates certain U.S. coins already certified by Numismatic Guaranty Corporation -LRB- NGC -RRB- or Professional Coin Grading Service -LRB- PCGS -RRB- . Coins which CAC deems solid or high-end for their grades receive green stickers , which usually add premiums ranging from single digit percentages to 92 % or more . Coins which are solid or high end for the next grade up are bestowed gold stickers , which on average increase values up to 90 % or more of PCGS/NGC coins already graded the next highest grade . CAC buys and sells CAC-certified coins via their affiliated 180-member trading network , Coinplex . As of September 2015 , CAC had purchased over $ 425 million worth of its stickered coins . CAC has evaluated over 650,000 certified coins with a value of over $ 2.9 billion . The company has 415 dealer members and 534 collector members . The firm 's website maintains a free serial number verification service , which helps deter CAC sticker counterfeiting , and Population Report , which assists in determining coin rarity . ", "Maga was a King of Characene a vassal state of the Parthian Empire and important trading city in the Persian Gulf . He probably ruled at the end of the second century -LRB- 195-210AD -RRB- and is known only from numerous coins that he minted . His coins are in a Parthian style , and the name on his coins is written in Aramaic as mʼg -- which is interpreted as Maga . On these coins , he describes himself as son of a King Attambelos who is otherwise unrecorded in history . Maga is the last ruler of Characene for which there is contemporary documention . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Charlotte,_North_Carolina", "Old_Settlers'_Cemetery_-LRB-Charlotte,_North_Carolina-RRB-", "Flagship_-LRB-band-RRB-", "2012_Bank_of_America_500", "Jack_Fulk" ]

[ "Charlotte -LSB- ˈʃɑrlət -RSB- is the largest city in the state of North Carolina . It is the county seat of Mecklenburg County and the second-largest city in the southeastern United States , just behind Jacksonville , Florida . Charlotte is the third-fastest growing major city in the United States . In 2014 the estimated population of Charlotte according to the U.S. Census Bureau was 809,958 , making it the 17th-largest city in the United States based on population . The Charlotte metropolitan area ranks 22nd-largest in the U.S. , and had a 2014 population of 2,380,314 . The Charlotte metropolitan area is part of a sixteen-county market region or combined statistical area with a 2014 U.S. Census population estimate of 2,537,990 . Residents of Charlotte are referred to as `` Charlotteans '' . It is listed as a `` gamma-plus '' global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Charlotte is home to the corporate headquarters of Bank of America and the east coast operations of Wells Fargo , which along with other financial institutions made it the second-largest banking center in the United States from 1995 to 2017 and the third-largest from 2017 to present . Among Charlotte 's many notable attractions , some of the most popular include the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League -LRB- NFL -RRB- , the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- , the Charlotte Independence of the United Soccer League -LRB- USL -RRB- , two NASCAR Sprint Cup races and the NASCAR All-Star Race , the Wells Fargo Championship , the NASCAR Hall of Fame , the Charlotte Ballet , Carowinds amusement park , and the U.S. National Whitewater Center . Charlotte Douglas International Airport is a major international hub , and was ranked the 23rd-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in 2013 . Charlotte has a humid subtropical climate . The city is located several miles east of the Catawba River and southeast of Lake Norman , the largest man-made lake in North Carolina . Lake Wylie and Mountain Island Lake are two smaller man-made lakes located near the city . ", "Old Settlers ' Cemetery is a city owned cemetery located at 200 West 5th Street , right in the middle of Charlotte , North Carolina . It was the first municipal burial ground in Charlotte and contains the graves of many early settlers , with gravesites dating from 1776 through 1884 . Prominent people buried in Old Settlers ' include Nathaniel Alexander , Greene Washington Caldwell , Revolutionary War hero Major General George Graham , and Thomas Polk , Charlotte founding father and great-uncle of United States President James K. Polk . Also contained in the cemetery is an obelisk honoring North Carolina planter and politician William Davidson . Old Settlers ' was Charlotte 's only city operated cemetery until 1854 , when -- due to space limitations -- it was closed and the City opened Elmwood/Pinewood Cemetery . By the 1940s the cemetery was in poor condition and was only preserved through the efforts of Charlotte historian and legislator Julia McGehee Alexander . Old Settlers ' Cemetery recently had a $ 500,000 restoration . With its majestic old oaks and brick lined pathways , it is more park than cemetery and is a centerpiece of Charlotte 's Fourth Ward Historic District . ", "Flagship is an American rock band from Charlotte , North Carolina . Formed in 2011 , the group consists of Drake Margolnick -LRB- vocals , guitar -RRB- and Michael Finster -LRB- drums -RRB- . ", "The 2012 Bank of America 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on October 13 , 2012 , at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord , North Carolina . Contested over 334 laps on the 1.5-mile -LRB- 2.4 km -RRB- asphalt quad-oval , it was the thirty-first race of the 2012 Sprint Cup Series season , as well as the fifth race in the ten-race Chase for the Sprint Cup , which ends the season . Clint Bowyer of Michael Waltrip Racing won the race , his third of the season , while Denny Hamlin finished second and Jimmie Johnson was third . ", "Jack Z. Fulk -LRB- November 30 , 1932 -- March 30 , 2011 -RRB- was an American businessman who co-founded the Bojangles ' Famous Chicken 'n Biscuits fast food restaurant chain in 1977 in Charlotte , North Carolina . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "See_You_on_the_Other_Side_-LRB-Korn_album-RRB-", "Where_Do_We_Go_from_Here_-LRB-Chicago_song-RRB-", "Maria_-LRB-Danish_singer-RRB-", "Mad_About_You_-LRB-Belinda_Carlisle_song-RRB-", "Grizzly_Bear_-LRB-dance-RRB-" ]

[ "See You on the Other Side is the seventh studio album by Korn . It was released on December 6 , 2005 , by Virgin Records . It is their first album without long-time guitarist Brian `` Head '' Welch and the last album with original drummer David Silveria . The album was first certified gold in the United States on January 12 , 2006 ; a subsequent platinum record certification was awarded on March 16 , 2006 . The album is best known for the involvement of renowned production team ` The Matrix ' , best known for coproduction on works by Avril Lavigne , Britney Spears , and Shakira , who managed to give Korn 's music a different sound . The album features layout design and an original painting by the American surrealist / gothic painter David Stoupakis as a cover , eleven more paintings by the artist appear for the additional artwork and the deluxe special edition . ", "`` Where Do We Go from Here '' is a song from the American rock band Chicago 's second studio album , Chicago II -LRB- 1970 -RRB- . It was released as the B-side to the single `` 25 or 6 to 4 '' , one of the leading songs off of the record . With that single , it went to number four on the Pop Singles chart in June 1970 . The song was also the very first musical composition from bassist Peter Cetera , who was by this time contributing more than on the debut album released the year before . The song deals with how life is short , and that if you look around you can see that people need to embrace each other with love all the time , and not just when the country is at an all-time low -LRB- hence the Vietnam War -RRB- . The title line is taken from a TV reporter 's comment during the broadcast of the 1969 moon landing -- a historically positive event in stark contrast to the social upheavel on Earth at the time . A live performance of the song can be found on their 1971 Chicago at Carnegie Hall album . ", "Maria -LRB- born Maria Jensen on May 13 , 1978 -RRB- is a Danish singer and songwriter . Although she was born in Denmark , she grew up living in different parts of Europe . Despite her parents ' initial hesitation and the fact that she did not come from a musical family , Maria decided to pursue a career as a singer . She was eventually discovered and signed by Soulshock , from the famous writing and production duo Soulshock & Karlin , to Soulpower/Dreamworks Records . Her first single which had success on RnB and Top 40 radio was titled `` I Give , You Take '' and reached # 33 on the Billboard 100 pop chart . She then released her debut album , My Soul , on September 30 , 2003 . However Dreamworks failed to follow up with promotion for a second single -LRB- as they have done with other acts such as Lifehouse and Floetry -RRB- and she was let go when Dreamworks Records was sold , shortly before the label folded . Maria 's official comeback to the stage was with the producer HOLBEK , singing the song `` HUDLØS '' from his critically acclaimed album FRITLØB . `` Next To You '' written by Maria and produced by Chris Colonna from the Bumblebeez , was featured in the 80th-anniversary campaign for Lacoste . The beautiful song `` Missing piece '' is featured in the 2013 PANDORA campaign , written by Maria , piano by Asger Baden Maria 's cinematic new album Oh So Full Of Promise is available on iTunes and Amazon , https://itunes.apple.com/album/oh-so-full-of-promise/id1065936047?l=en ", "`` Mad About You '' is a song written by Paula Jean Brown , James Whelan and Mitchel Young Evans , produced by Michael Lloyd , for Belinda Carlisle 's debut solo album Belinda . It was released as the album 's first single , in 1986 , as a CD single -LRB- one of the first ever marketed -RRB- , 7 '' single and a 12 '' single . It was her first hit after leaving the Go-Go 's , peaking at number three on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and at number one on the Canadian Singles Chart . The year the song was released , Carlisle married Morgan Mason , who appears with Belinda in the video for `` Mad About You '' . The guitar solo on the song was performed by Andy Taylor -LRB- of Duran Duran -RRB- , who also appears in the video . Paula Jean Brown -LRB- who took Jane Wiedlin 's spot in the band just before it broke up -RRB- co-wrote the song with Jim Whelan , and Wiedlin and Charlotte Caffey sang back-up vocals . `` Mad About You '' was one of a few songs being considered for the fourth -LRB- unrecorded -RRB- Go-Go 's album . The Go-Go 's split and `` Mad About You '' and two other songs co-written by Paula Jean Brown ended up on Belinda . The single 's B-side , `` I Never Wanted a Rich Man '' , was also featured on Carlisle 's first long playing work -LRB- it closed Side 1 on the vinyl edition -RRB- . The extended version of `` Mad About You '' , originally on the A-side of the 12 '' single , was then included on the album compact disc re-release by Virgin in 2003 . ", "The Grizzly Bear is an early 20th-century dance style . It started in San Francisco , along with the Bunny Hug and Texas Tommy and was also done on the Staten Island ferry boats in the 1900s . It has been said that dancers John Jarrott and Louise Gruenning introduced this dance as well as the Turkey Trot at Ray Jones Café in Chicago , Illinois around 1909 . The Grizzly Bear was first introduced to Broadway audiences in the Ziegfeld Follies of 1910 by Fanny Brice . The dance was rough and clumsy . During the dance , the dancers would yell out : `` It 's a Bear ! '' The genuine Grizzly Bear step was in correct imitation of the movements of a dancing bear , moving or dancing to the side . A very heavy step to the side with a decided bending of the upper part of the body from one side to the other , a decidedly ungraceful and undignified movement when performed as a dance . It was reported that one of the reasons former President Woodrow Wilson 's inaugural ball was cancelled was because of his `` disapproval of such modern dances as the turkey trot , the grizzly bear and the bunny hug '' . Not long before this , in 1912 , New York placed the dance under a `` social ban '' , along with other `` huggly-wiggly dances '' , like the Turkey Trot and the Boston Dip . It was also condemned in numerous cities across the US during the same time period , with many considering it to be a `` degenerate dance '' . However , a large portion of society accepted the dance , along with other similar dances . The Grizzly Bear dance was featured `` on Broadway , in vaudeville , and at cabaret performances '' . In fact , it is believed that the first introduction to the `` general public '' of the dance came about in the original `` Broadway production of Over the River '' in 1912 . In 2015 , Boulder-based contemporary dance artist Christopher Reetz revitalized interest in the `` Grizzly Bear '' . In a February 2015 interview , Reetz described his interpretation of the dance : `` First , you 're riding a bear . Then , you are the bear '' . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ed_Gein", "1967_Plainfield_riots", "Lebanon,_Wisconsin", "Norman_Bates", "Long_Lake_-LRB-CDP-RRB-,_Wisconsin" ]

[ "Edward Theodore Gein -LRB- -LSB- ˈɡiːn -RSB- August 27 , 1906 -- July 26 , 1984 -RRB- , also known as The Butcher of Plainfield , was an American murderer and body snatcher . His crimes , committed around his hometown of Plainfield , Wisconsin , gathered widespread notoriety after authorities discovered that Gein had exhumed corpses from local graveyards and fashioned trophies and keepsakes from their bones and skin . Gein confessed to killing two women -- tavern owner Mary Hogan on December 8 , 1954 , and a Plainfield hardware store owner , Bernice Worden , on November 16 , 1957 . Gein was initially found unfit to stand trial and confined to a mental health facility . In 1968 , Gein was found guilty but legally insane of the murder of Worden and was remanded to psychiatric institutions . He died at Mendota Mental Health Institute of cancer-induced liver and respiratory failure at age 77 on July 26 , 1984 . He is buried next to his family in the Plainfield Cemetery , in a now-unmarked grave . ", "The Plainfield riots were a series of racially charged violent disturbances that occurred in Plainfield , New Jersey during the summer of 1967 , which mirrored the 1967 Newark riots in nearby Newark , New Jersey . ", "Lebanon is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Wisconsin : Lebanon , Dodge County , Wisconsin , a town Lebanon -LRB- CDP -RRB- , Wisconsin , a census-designated place Old Lebanon , Wisconsin , an unincorporated community Lebanon , Waupaca County , Wisconsin , a town ", "Norman Bates is a fictional character created by Robert Bloch as the main antagonist in his 1959 novel Psycho , and portrayed by Anthony Perkins in the 1960 film of the same name directed by Alfred Hitchcock and its sequels , and by Freddie Highmore in the television series Bates Motel . The character was inspired by Wisconsin murderer Ed Gein . ", "Long Lake is an unincorporated census-designated place in the town of Long Lake , Florence County , Wisconsin , United States . Long Lake is located on the eastern shore of Long Lake along Wisconsin Highway 139 , 21 mi west-southwest of Florence . As of the 2010 census , its population was 50 . The community became a census-designated place in 2010 . The community has the 54542 ZIP code . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ed_Gagliardi", "2001_ASB_Classic_–_Doubles", "University_of_Virginia_Cancer_Center", "Estelle_Getty", "Ed_Bicknell" ]

[ "Edward John ` Ed ' Gagliardi -LRB- February 13 , 1952 -- May 11 , 2014 -RRB- was an American bass guitarist , best known as the original bass player for the 1970s rock band Foreigner . He was a member of Foreigner from the beginning in 1976 . Gagliardi , most notably , played a red Rickenbacker bass guitar , left-handed even though he was naturally right-handed . It is widely known that he did so out of admiration , and devotion to Paul McCartney -LRB- most often self-doctored from right handed basses , reengineered and played upside down , by Gagliardi himself -RRB- . Gagliardi was on the albums Foreigner and Double Vision , but was fired from the band in 1979 . In 1981 , Gagliardi formed the band Spys with former Foreigner keyboardist Al Greenwood , a band that set the tone for much of the 80 's synth-rock bands , and received acclaim within the musical community . In the early 2000s , Gagliardi worked as a Service Department Writer at Rallye Lexus in Glen Cove , New York . Gagliardi died of cancer on May 11 , 2014 , after battling cancer for eight years . Friends and family held a private ceremony . ", "Cara Black and Alexandra Fusai were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year , Black with Sandrine Testud and Fusai with Rita Grande . Black and Testud lost in the semifinals to Emmanuelle Gagliardi and Barbara Schett . Fusai and Grande won in the final 7 -- 6 -LRB- 7 -- 4 -RRB- , 6 -- 3 against Gagliardi and Schett . ", "University of Virginia Cancer Center is an NCI-designated Cancer Center affiliated with the University of Virginia School of Medicine and the UVA Health System . UVA Cancer Center is ranked 31 of the top 50 cancer specialty programs , placing the cancer center within the top 2 to 3 percent of programs nationwide . It is one of only two NCI-designated cancer centers in Virginia . UVA Cancer Center has more than 180 faculty members and $ 75 million dollars in funded research annually . ", "Estelle Getty -LRB- née Scher ; also known as Estelle Gettleman ; July 25 , 1923 -- July 22 , 2008 -RRB- was an American actress and comedian , who appeared in film , television , and theatre . She was best known for her role as Sophia Petrillo on The Golden Girls from 1985 to 1992 , which won her an Emmy and a Golden Globe , on The Golden Palace from 1992 to 1993 , and on Empty Nest from 1993 to 1995 . In her later years , after retiring from acting , she battled Lewy body dementia . ", "Ed Bicknell was on the Hull University entertainments committee , arranging bands for the students , when he first got a taste for the music industry . Moving to London , he worked as a drummer for Jess Conrad and then as a booker for John Sherry Artists , finding work for a number of prog-rock/college bands - including Wishbone Ash - and frequenting showcase venues such as The Speakeasy Club . Towards the end of 1977 Ed was working at the NEMS agency when he got a call from Phonogram A&R man John Stainze who had just signed a new band , Dire Straits , to the Vertigo label . Ed got the job as their manager , and continued to manage Mark Knopfler as a solo performer for several years after the dissolution of Dire Straits in 1995 . Bicknell left the London office of William Morris Agency as `` Head of International Music '' in February 2008 , after working there for a year . In recent years , he has often appeared on radio and television to discuss music industry issues and to discuss his beachfront home in Barbados . He played drums in The Notting Hillbillies formed 1990 by Mark Knopfler . They recorded one album , Missing ... Presumed Having a Good Time . He started life as a musician playing drums in a Tadcaster band called ` Odin 's Veld ' . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Foot_Locker", "National_Book_Store", "Karwei", "Diana_Department_Store", "Formido_-LRB-store-RRB-" ]

[ "Foot Locker Retail , Inc. is an American sportswear and footwear retailer , with its headquarters in Midtown Manhattan , New York City , and operating in 28 countries worldwide . Although established in 1974 , and founded as a separate company in 1988 , Foot Locker is a successor corporation to the F. W. Woolworth Company -LRB- `` Woolworth 's '' -RRB- , as many of its freestanding stores were former Woolworth 's locations . The company operates the eponymous `` Foot Locker '' chain of athletic footwear retail outlets -LRB- along with `` Kids Foot Locker '' and `` Lady Foot Locker '' stores -RRB- , and other athletic-based divisions including Champs Sports , Footaction USA , House of Hoops , and Eastbay/Footlocker . com , which owns the rights to Final Score . The company is also famous for its employees ' uniforms at its flagship Foot Locker chain , resembling those of referees . According to the company 's filings with the SEC , as of January 28 , 2017 , Foot Locker , Inc. had 3,363 primarily mall-based stores in the United States , Canada , Europe , and Asia . ", "National Book Store -LRB- abbreviated as NBS -RRB- is a bookstore and office-supplies store chain based in the Philippines . ", "Karwei is a Dutch Hardware store-chain . In 1991 Karwei Holland Nationaal B.V. became part of the franchise-organisation Intergamma , which headquarters is located in Leusden . As of 2011 Karwei has 128 stores , all of which are located in the Netherlands . Intergamma also owns the Hardware store-chain Gamma . The first store opened at May 14 , 1975 in Utrecht . In 2008 Karwei had a revenue of 392 million euro . ", "Diana Department Store is a chain of department stores in southern Thailand . The company has three stores : two in Hat Yai , Songkhla Province , and one in Pattani . It also has a chain of Di-Mart convenience stores in Songkhla and Pattani . In 2006 , Diana Department Store was exit from SET , company sold under backdoor of DragonOne company . The old SET code was DIANA . ", "Formido bouwmarkten B.V. is a Dutch Hardware store-chain . Formido opened its first store on 22 November 1976 in Waddinxveen . It is part of the franchise-organisation Maxeda , which headquarters is located in Amsterdam . As of 2011 Formido has 80 stores , all of which are located in the Netherlands . Of these stores , 15 are managed by Formido and 65 are franchised . Maxeda also owns the Hardware store-chain Praxis and Brico . In the first half year of 2008 Fomido , Praxis and Brico had a combined revenue of 755 million euro . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Dissociative_identity_disorder", "Aurora_-LRB-comics-RRB-", "Fraud", "Anxiety_disorder", "Infantile_free_sialic_acid_storage_disease" ]

[ "Dissociative identity disorder -LRB- DID -RRB- , also known as multiple personality disorder -LRB- MPD -RRB- , is a mental disorder characterized by at least two distinct and relatively enduring identities or dissociated personality states . These states alternately show in a person 's behavior , accompanied by memory impairment for important information not explained by ordinary forgetfulness . These symptoms are not accounted for by substance abuse , seizures , or other medical conditions , nor by imaginative play in children . Dissociative symptoms range from common lapses in attention , becoming distracted by something else , and daydreaming , to pathological dissociative disorders . Symptoms vary over time . Dissociative disorders , including DID , have been attributed to disruptions in memory caused by trauma or other forms of stress . Research on this hypothesis has been characterized by poor methodology . An alternative hypothesis is that DID is a by-product of techniques employed by some therapists , especially those using hypnosis , and disagreement between the two positions is characterized by intense debate . DID is one of the most controversial psychiatric disorders , with no clear consensus on diagnostic criteria or treatment . No systematic , empirically supported definition of `` dissociation '' exists . Diagnosis is often difficult , as the entity is frequently associated with other mental disorders . Differential diagnosis should consider malingering if the individual 's principal concern is with financial or forensic gain or with the avoidance of obligations ; and factitious disorder , if the individual 's principal concern is with assuming a patient role . It is generally believed that DID rarely resolves spontaneously . In general , the prognosis is poor , especially for those with comorbid disorders . There is little systematic data on rates of the condition . It is believed to affect between 1 % and 3 % of the general population , and between 1 % and 5 % in inpatient groups in Europe and North America . DID is diagnosed more frequently in North America than in the rest of the world , and is diagnosed three to nine times more often in females than in males . Rates of diagnoses increased greatly in the latter half of the 20th century , along with the number of identities -LRB- often referred to as `` alters '' -RRB- claimed by people -LRB- increasing from an average of two or three to approximately 16 -RRB- . DID is also controversial within the legal system , where it has been used as a rarely successful form of the insanity defense . The 1990s showed a parallel increase in the number of court cases involving the diagnosis . DID became a popular diagnosis in the 1970s , '80s , and '90s , but it is unclear whether the actual rate of the disorder increased , whether it was more recognized by health care providers , or whether sociocultural factors caused an increase in therapy-induced -LRB- iatrogenic -RRB- presentations . The unusual number of diagnoses after 1980 , clustered around a small number of clinicians , and the suggestibility characteristic of those with DID , support the hypothesis that DID is therapist-induced . The unusual clustering of diagnoses has also been explained as due to a lack of awareness and training among clinicians to recognize cases of DID . ", "Aurora -LRB- Aurore -RRB- -LRB- Jeanne-Marie Beaubier -RRB- is a fictional character , a Canadian superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . She was one of the featured characters in the first volume of Alpha Flight and also featured in the fourth volume of Alpha Flight . Aurora is the twin sister of Northstar and the former lover of Sasquatch and Wild Child . The character struggled with a dissociative identity disorder for years leading to two distinctive personalities , the quiet , religious Jeanne-Marie and the outgoing , heroic , uninhibited Aurora . Aurora and Northstar worked together for years as part of Alpha Flight , including dealing with Beaubier 's struggles with her personality disorders . She was briefly a member of the X-Men and also participated in the Weapon X program in an attempt to gain control of her splintered personalities . During the Chaos War storyline , Aurora alongside Northstar , Sasquatch , and Snowbird are reunited with a resurrected Guardian , Vindicator , Shaman and Marrina , reforming Alpha Flight . ", "In law , fraud is deliberate deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain , or to deprive a victim of a legal right . Fraud itself can be a civil wrong -LRB- i.e. , a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to avoid the fraud and/or recover monetary compensation -RRB- , a criminal wrong -LRB- i.e. , a fraud perpetrator may be prosecuted and imprisoned by governmental authorities -RRB- or it may cause no loss of money , property or legal right but still be an element of another civil or criminal wrong . The purpose of fraud may be monetary gain or other benefits , such as obtaining a driver 's license or qualifying for a mortgage by way of false statements . A hoax is a distinct concept that involves deliberate deception without the intention of gain or of materially damaging or depriving a victim . ", "Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety and fear . Anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events . These feelings may cause physical symptoms , such as a fast heart rate and shakiness . There are a number of anxiety disorders : including generalized anxiety disorder , specific phobia , social anxiety disorder , separation anxiety disorder , agoraphobia , panic disorder , and selective mutism . The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms . People often have more than one anxiety disorder . The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors . Risk factors include a history of child abuse , family history of mental disorders , and poverty . Anxiety disorders often occur with other mental disorders , particularly major depressive disorder , personality disorder , and substance use disorder . To be diagnosed symptoms typically need to be present for at least six months , be more than would be expected for the situation , and decrease functioning . Other problems that may result in similar symptoms including hyperthyroidism ; heart disease ; caffeine , alcohol , or cannabis use ; and withdrawal from certain drugs , among others . Without treatment , anxiety disorders tend to remain . Treatment may include lifestyle changes , counselling , and medications . Counselling is typically with a type of cognitive behavioural therapy . Medications , such as antidepressants or beta blockers , may improve symptoms . About 12 % of people are affected by an anxiety disorder in a given year and between 5-30 % are affected at some point in their life . They occur about twice as often in females as males , and generally begin before the age of 25 . The most common are specific phobia which affects nearly 12 % and social anxiety disorder which affects 10 % at some point in their life . They affect those between the ages of 15 and 35 the most and become less common after the age of 55 . Rates appear to be higher in the United States and Europe . ", "Infantile free sialic acid storage disease -LRB- ISSD -RRB- is a lysosomal storage disease Occurs when a sialic acid , is unable to be transported out of the lysosomal membrane and instead , accumulates in the tissue and free sialic acid is excreted in the urine . Mutations in the SLC17A5 -LRB- solute carrier family 17 -LRB- anion/sugar transporter -RRB- , member 50 -RRB- gene cause all forms of sialic acid storage disease . The SLC17A5 gene is located on the long -LRB- q -RRB- arm of chromosome 6 between positions 14 and 15 . This gene provides instructions for producing a protein called sialin that is located mainly on the membranes of lysosomes , compartments in the cell that digest and recycle materials . ISSD is the most severe form of the sialic acid storage diseases . Babies with this condition have severe developmental delay , weak muscle tone -LRB- hypotonia -RRB- , and failure to gain weight and grow at the expected rate -LRB- failure to thrive -RRB- . They may have unusual facial features that are often described as `` coarse , '' seizures , bone malformations , enlarged liver and spleen -LRB- hepatosplenomegaly -RRB- , and an enlarged heart -LRB- cardiomegaly -RRB- . ISSD is a rare autosomal recessive disorder and affects 1 in 528,000 live births worldwide . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "St._Paul_Saints_-LRB-USHL-RRB-", "Paul_Carey", "Saskatoon/St._Paul_Regals", "Doug_Messier", "Sergei_Miroshnichenko_-LRB-ice_hockey-RRB-" ]

[ "The St. Paul Saints are a defunct professional ice hockey team that played from 1945 to 1951 in the United States Hockey League . The Saints were based in Saint Paul , Minnesota and played at the St. Paul Auditorium . ", "Paul Carey may refer to : Paul Carey -LRB- baseball -RRB- -LRB- born 1968 -RRB- , baseball player Paul Carey -LRB- broadcaster -RRB- -LRB- 1928 -- 2016 -RRB- , American broadcaster and sportscaster Paul Carey -LRB- ice hockey -RRB- -LRB- born 1988 -RRB- , American ice hockey player Paul Carey -LRB- politician -RRB- -LRB- 1962 -- 2001 -RRB- , White House Special Assistant to U.S. President Bill Clinton ", "The Saskatoon/St . Paul Regals were an ice hockey team in the Western Hockey League that existed for one season in 1957-58 . The franchise split its home games between Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada and St. Paul , Minnesota , United States . The Regals moved to Saskatoon/St . Paul two seasons after being formed as the Brandon Regals . As the two city experiment failed , the Regals became the second incarnation of the Saskatoon Quakers for the 1958-59 season before folding altogether . The Regals/Quakers franchise was the last professional hockey team in Saskatchewan . ", "Douglas Herbert Messier -LRB- born September 5 , 1936 -RRB- is a Canadian former ice hockey player and coach . He played 487 games in the Western Hockey League , playing with the Seattle Totems , Edmonton Flyers , and Portland Buckaroos . He also played briefly in the American Hockey League for the Pittsburgh Hornets . After his retirement , he became a minor league hockey coach . Messier is the father of Paul Messier and Hockey Hall of Fame player Mark Messier . ", "Sergei Yurevich Miroshnichenko -LRB- Сергей Юрьевич Мирошниченко born June 21 , 1979 -RRB- is a Kazakhstani professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for Yertis Pavlodar of the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship . " ]

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[ "Inland_-LRB-Jars_of_Clay_album-RRB-", "Gray_Matters", "Sho?", "The_Marina_Torch", "Rigga_Al_Buteen" ]

[ "Inland is the eleventh full-length studio album by rock band Jars of Clay , which was released on August 27 , 2013 by Gray Matters label . The album was produced by Tucker Martine at Flora Recording & Playback in Portland , Oregon . The album has seen significant charting successes , and has garnered critical acclamation . ", "Gray Matters is a 2006 romantic comedy film directed by Sue Kramer , starring Heather Graham , Tom Cavanagh and Bridget Moynahan . It premiered on October 21 , 2006 at the Hamptons International Film Festival and had a United States limited theatrical release on February 23 , 2007 . ", "Sho ? was a short-lived Dubai-based band , whose music could best be classified as a mixture of rock , alternative , punk and electronica . Made up of expatriates , they were active in the Dubai rock music scene for about eighteen months . They released one internet-only single , entitled Crash -LRB- April 2010 -RRB- and one EP , entitled I Do n't Wan na Go -LRB- August 2010 -RRB- . Their name was a version of the Arabic word , `` Sho , '' which roughly translates into English as , `` What . '' The band officially announced their dissollution in January 2011 . ", "The Marina Torch , also known as Dubai Torch , Dubai Torch Tower or just The Torch , is a damaged supertall residential skyscraper at the Dubai Marina , in Dubai , United Arab Emirates . The tower was designed by National Engineering Bureau . The tower became the tallest residential building in the world in 2011 -LRB- surpassing Q1 , in Gold Coast , Australia -RRB- , then lost the record in 2012 to 23 Marina and subsequent Princess Tower directly across the street . It is 336.8 m tall , with 79 floors above ground . It was damaged by fire on February 21 , 2015 . and is undergoing restorative work , during which the Pool facility is under closure . ", "Rigga Al Buteen or Riqqa Al Buteen is a locality in Dubai , United Arab Emirates -LRB- UAE -RRB- . Located in eastern Dubai along Dubai Creek in Deira , Rigga Al Buteen is a small community that houses many prominent landmarks . It has a small residential area , but is primarily known for its important government and municipal buildings . Rigga Al Buteen is bordered to the north by Al Rigga and to the south by Dubai Creek . Port Saeed is located east of Rigga Al Buteen . Local roads in Rigga Al Buteen follow a grid pattern in some areas , with odd-numbered streets running northeast-southwest and even numbered streets running northwest-southeast , perpendicular to the odd-numbered streets . Local street numbers begin with 1 A Street -LRB- near Etisalat Tower 1 -RRB- . Important landmarks in Rigga Al Buteen include Etisalat Tower 1 , National Bank of Dubai , Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry , Emaar Towers and Dnata . Al Maktoum Bridge , which provides access from Deira to Bur Dubai , is located in the vicinity of Rigga Al Buteen . " ]

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[ "Chinese_Americans_in_Boston", "Charles_L._Burrill", "Massachusetts_Bay_Trading_Company", "Greater_Boston", "Abram_French" ]

[ "The Boston metropolitan area has an active Chinese American community . As of 2013 , the Boston Chinatown was the third largest Chinatown in the United States , and there are also Chinese populations in the suburbs of Greater Boston , including Quincy , Malden , Acton , Newton , and Lexington . As of 2006 , Boston , Quincy , Malden , Newton , Brookline , and Cambridge house about half of all of the ethnic Chinese in Massachusetts , and as a whole , Chinese constituted the largest Asian ethnic group in the state . ", "Charles Lawrence Burrill -LRB- January 3 , 1862 -- September 15 , 1931 -RRB- was an American banker and politician who served as the Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts from 1915 -- 1920 . A banker by trade , Burrill worked for the Adams Trust Company , the American Loan & Trust Co. and the Manufacturers Commercial Co. . He also served as the President of the Boston Bank Officers ' Association . Burrill 's political career began on the Boston School Committee , where was a member from 1897-1900 . In 1913 he was a candidate for Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts , but lost to Frederick Mansfield . Burrill went on to defeat Mansfield in a rematch the following year . Burrill remained Treasurer until 1920 when he sought the office of Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts instead of running for re-election . From 1922-1925 , Burrill was a member of the Massachusetts Governor 's Council . He was an unsuccessful candidate for Mayor of Boston in 1925 , Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts in 1928 , and Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts in 1930 . Burrill died on September 15 , 1931 in Boston , Massachusetts . ", "Massachusetts Bay Trading Co , Inc. , is an online retailer headquartered in Weston , Massachusetts selling products worldwide . It is an American electronic commerce company selling specialty handmade gifts and general products that are made in Massachusetts . The company was established in 2002 . The Massachusetts Bay Trading Company has been featured in multiple publications and television segments including the Boston Globe on April 6 , 2007 , Opray Winfrey 's O at Home magazine Winter 2006 , Gourmet Magazine Winter 2006 gift guide , In Style Magazine Fall 2007 , and NECN . ", "Greater Boston is the metropolitan region of New England encompassing the municipality of Boston , the capital of the US state of Massachusetts , and the most populous city in New England , as well as its surrounding areas . The region forms the northern arc of the US northeast megalopolis and as such , Greater Boston can be described as either a metropolitan statistical area -LRB- MSA -RRB- , or as a broader combined statistical area -LRB- CSA -RRB- . The MSA consists of most of the eastern third of Massachusetts , excluding the South Coast region and Cape Cod ; while the CSA additionally includes the municipalities of Manchester -LRB- the largest city in the US state of New Hampshire -RRB- , Providence -LRB- the capital and largest city of the US state of Rhode Island -RRB- , Worcester , Massachusetts -LRB- the second largest city in New England -RRB- , as well as the South Coast region and Cape Cod in Massachusetts . Some of Greater Boston 's most well-known contributions to human civilization involve the region 's higher education institutions and sports culture . Greater Boston has been influential upon American history and industry . The region and the state of Massachusetts are global leaders in biotechnology , engineering , higher education , finance , and maritime trade . Over 80 % of Massachusetts ' population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan region . Greater Boston is ranked tenth in population among US metropolitan statistical areas , home to 4,732,161 people as of the 2014 US Census estimate , and sixth among combined statistical areas , with a population of 8,099,575 . The area has hosted many people and sites significant to American culture and history , particularly American literature , politics , and the American Revolution . Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England , founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims , passengers of the Mayflower . In 1692 , the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America 's most infamous cases of mass hysteria , the Salem witch trials . In the late 18th century , Boston became known as the `` Cradle of Liberty '' for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution . The Greater Boston region has played a powerful commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States . Before the American Civil War , the region was a center for the abolitionist , temperance , and transcendentalist movements . In 2004 , Massachusetts became the first US state to legally recognize same-sex marriage as a result of the decision of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in Boston . Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the Boston region , including the Adams and Kennedy families . Harvard University in Cambridge is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States , with the largest financial endowment of any university , and whose Law School has spawned a contemporaneous majority of United States Supreme Court Justices . Kendall Square in Cambridge has been called `` the most innovative square mile on the planet '' , in reference to the high concentration of entrepreneurial start-ups and quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010 . Both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , also in Cambridge , have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world . ", "Abram French -LRB- 1805 -- 1884 -RRB- was a crockery , glassware , and china dealer in 19th-century Boston , Massachusetts . " ]

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