kejian/ACL-ARC · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Thus , over the past few years , along with advances in the use of learning and statistical methods for acquisition of full parsers ( Collins , 1997 ; Charniak , 1997a ; Charniak , 1997b ; Ratnaparkhi , 1997 ) , significant progress has been made on the use of statistical learning methods to recognize shallow parsing patterns syntactic phrases or words that participate in a syntactic relationship ( Church , 1988 ; Ramshaw and Marcus , 1995 ; Argamon et al. , 1998 ; Cardie and Pierce , 1998 ; Munoz et al. , 1999 ; Punyakanok and Roth , 2001 ; Buchholz et al. , 1999 ; Tjong Kim Sang and Buchholz , 2000 ) .	W01-0706	External_555	2,001	1,997	a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining	three generative lexicalised models for statistical parsing	[ "M Collins" ]	null	While earlier work in this direction concentrated on manual construction of rules , most of the recent work has been motivated by the observation that shallow syntactic information can be extracted using local information by examining the pattern itself , its nearby context and the local part-of-speech information . Thus , over the past few years , along with advances in the use of learning and statistical methods for acquisition of full parsers ( Collins , 1997 ; Charniak , 1997a ; Charniak , 1997b ; Ratnaparkhi , 1997 ) , significant progress has been made on the use of statistical learning methods to recognize shallow parsing patterns syntactic phrases or words that participate in a syntactic relationship ( Church , 1988 ; Ramshaw and Marcus , 1995 ; Argamon et al. , 1998 ; Cardie and Pierce , 1998 ; Munoz et al. , 1999 ; Punyakanok and Roth , 2001 ; Buchholz et al. , 1999 ; Tjong Kim Sang and Buchholz , 2000 ) . Research on shallow parsing was inspired by psycholinguistics arguments ( Gee and Grosjean , 1983 ) that suggest that in many scenarios ( e.g. , conversational ) full parsing is not a realistic strategy for sentence processing and analysis , and was further motivated by several arguments from a natural language engineering viewpoint .	2	null	Background	[ 134, 148 ]	[ [ { "index": 1, "word": "Thus", "lemma": "thus", "after": "", "pos": "RB", "characterOffsetEnd": 375, "segment_span": [ 0, 63 ], "characterOffsetBegin": 371, "originalText": "Thus", "ArgType": null, "before": " ", "is_root": null, "tense": null, "has_aux": null, "is_pass": null }, { "index": 2, "word": ",", "lemma": ",", "after": " ", "pos": ",", "characterOffsetEnd": 376, "segment_span": [ 0, 63 ], "characterOffsetBegin": 375, "originalText": ",", "ArgType": null, "before": "", "is_root": null, "tense": null, "has_aux": null, "is_pass": null }, { "index": 3, "word": "over", "lemma": "over", "after": " ", "pos": "IN", 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progress has been made on the use of statistical learning methods to recognize shallow parsing patterns syntactic phrases or words that participate in a syntactic relationship ( Church , 1988 ; Ramshaw and Marcus , 1995 ; Argamon et al. , 1998 ; Cardie and Pierce , 1998 ; Munoz et al. , 1999 ; Punyakanok and Roth , 2001 ; Buchholz et al. , 1999 ; Tjong Kim Sang and Buchholz , 2000 ) .	W01-0706_12	introduction
This was done by MERT optimization ( Och , 2003 ) towards post-edits under the TER target metric .	K15-1001	P03-1021	2,015	2,003	a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining	minimum error rate training in statistical machine translation	[ "Franz Josef Och" ]	null	PE-dev was used to obtain w * to define the utility model . This was done by MERT optimization ( Och , 2003 ) towards post-edits under the TER target metric . 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K15-1001_30	experiments
She evaluates 3,000 German verbs with a token frequency between 10 and 2,000 against the Duden ( Dudenredaktion 2001 ) .	J05-3003	External_61276	2,005	2,001	a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining	duden—das stilworterbuch duden—the style dictionary	[ "editor Dudenredaktion" ]	null	The largest lexical evaluation we know of is that of Schulte im Walde ( 2002b ) for German . She evaluates 3,000 German verbs with a token frequency between 10 and 2,000 against the Duden ( Dudenredaktion 2001 ) . 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"characterOffsetBegin": 1757, "originalText": ",", "ArgType": null, "before": "", "is_root": null, "tense": null, "is_pass": null, "has_aux": null }, { "index": 27, "word": "and", "lemma": "and", "after": " ", "pos": "CC", "characterOffsetEnd": 1762, "segment_span": [ 19, 28 ], "characterOffsetBegin": 1759, "originalText": "and", "ArgType": null, "before": " ", "is_root": null, "tense": null, "is_pass": null, "has_aux": null }, { "index": 28, "word": "6.4", "lemma": "6.4", "after": "", "pos": "CD", "characterOffsetEnd": 1766, "segment_span": [ 19, 28 ], "characterOffsetBegin": 1763, "originalText": "6.4", "ArgType": null, "before": " ", "is_root": null, "tense": null, "is_pass": null, "has_aux": null }, { "index": 29, "word": ".", "lemma": ".", "after": " ", "pos": ".", "characterOffsetEnd": 1767, "segment_span": null, "characterOffsetBegin": 1766, "originalText": ".", "ArgType": null, "before": "", "is_root": null, "tense": null, "is_pass": null, "has_aux": null } ] ]	She evaluates 3,000 German verbs with a token frequency between 10 and 2,000 against the Duden ( @@CITATION ) .	J05-3003_25	null
"The following four components have been identified as the key elements of a question related to pat(...TRUNCATED)	J07-1005	External_17760	2,007	1,995	a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining	the wellbuilt clinical question a key to evidencebased decisions	[ "W Scott Richardson", "Mark C Wilson", "James Nishikawa", "Robert S Hayward" ]	null	"The second facet is independent of the clinical task and pertains to the structure of a well-built (...TRUNCATED)	2	null	Background	[ 111, 133 ]	[[{"index":1,"word":"The","lemma":"the","after":" ","pos":"DT","characterOffsetEnd":2068,"segment_sp(...TRUNCATED)	[[{"index":1,"word":"â¢","lemma":"â¢","after":" ","pos":"NN","characterOffsetEnd":1,"segment(...TRUNCATED)	"The following four components have been identified as the key elements of a question related to pat(...TRUNCATED)	J07-1005_41	null
"Briscoe and Carroll ( 1997 ) report on manually analyzing an open-class vocabulary of 35,000 head w(...TRUNCATED)	J05-3003	A97-1052	2,005	1,997	a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining	automatic extraction of subcategorization from corpora	[ "Edward Briscoe", "John Carroll" ]	null	"As a generalization , Briscoe ( 2001 ) notes that lexicons such as COMLEX tend to demonstrate high (...TRUNCATED)	6	null	CompareOrContrast	[ 0, 28 ]	[[{"index":1,"word":"Briscoe","lemma":"Briscoe","after":" ","pos":"NNP","characterOffsetEnd":230,"se(...TRUNCATED)	[[{"index":1,"word":"Precision","lemma":"precision","after":" ","pos":"NN","characterOffsetEnd":453,(...TRUNCATED)	"@@CITATION report on manually analyzing an open-class vocabulary of 35,000 head words for predicate(...TRUNCATED)	J05-3003_10	null
"This is roughly an 11 % relative reduction in error rate over Charniak ( 2000 ) and Bods PCFG-reduc(...TRUNCATED)	E03-1005	A00-2018	2,003	2,000	a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining	a maximumentropyinspired parser	[ "E Charniak" ]	null	"The highest accuracy is obtained by SL-DOP at 12 n 14 : an LP of 90.8 % and an LR of 90.7 % . This (...TRUNCATED)	5	null	CompareOrContrast	[ 62, 79 ]	[[{"index":1,"word":"This","lemma":"this","after":" ","pos":"DT","characterOffsetEnd":371,"segment_s(...TRUNCATED)	[[{"index":1,"word":"Compared","lemma":"compare","after":" ","pos":"VBN","characterOffsetEnd":497,"s(...TRUNCATED)	"This is roughly an 11 % relative reduction in error rate over @@CITATION and Bods PCFG-reduction re(...TRUNCATED)	E03-1005_39	conclusion
"Finally , feedback expressions ( head nods and shakes ) are successfully predicted from speech , pr(...TRUNCATED)	P10-2059	External_88748	2,010	2,005	a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining	contextual recognition of head gestures	[ "Louis-Philippe Morency", "Candace Sidner", "Christopher Lee", "Trevor Darrell" ]	null	"Louwerse et al. ( 2006 ) and Louwerse et al. ( 2007 ) study the relation between eye gaze , facial (...TRUNCATED)	2	null	Background	[ 223, 244 ]	[[{"index":1,"word":"Finally","lemma":"finally","after":"","pos":"RB","characterOffsetEnd":1521,"seg(...TRUNCATED)	[[{"index":1,"word":"Our","lemma":"we","after":" ","pos":"PRP$","characterOffsetEnd":1800,"segment_s(...TRUNCATED)	"Finally , feedback expressions ( head nods and shakes ) are successfully predicted from speech , pr(...TRUNCATED)	P10-2059_16	introduction
"We use the agreement checker code developed by Alkuhlani and Habash ( 2011 ) and evaluate our basel(...TRUNCATED)	J13-1008	P11-2062	2,013	2,011	a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining	a corpus for modeling morphosyntactic agreement in arabic gender number and rationality	[ "Sarah Alkuhlani", "Nizar Habash" ]	null	"We now turn to our second type of error analysis , the evaluation of the grammaticality of the pars(...TRUNCATED)	5	null	Uses	[ 47, 76 ]	[[{"index":1,"word":"We","lemma":"we","after":" ","pos":"PRP","characterOffsetEnd":1008,"segment_spa(...TRUNCATED)	[[{"index":1,"word":"The","lemma":"the","after":" ","pos":"DT","characterOffsetEnd":1250,"segment_sp(...TRUNCATED)	"We use the agreement checker code developed by @@CITATION and evaluate our baseline ( MaltParser us(...TRUNCATED)	J13-1008_2	conclusion
"The diagnoser , based on Dzikovska et al. ( 2008b ) , outputs a diagnosis which consists of lists o(...TRUNCATED)	P10-4003	External_22831	2,010	2,008	a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining	linking semantic and knowledge representations in a multidomain dialogue system	[ "Myroslava O Dzikovska", "James F Allen", "Mary D Swift" ]	null	"The knowledge base is used to check the factual correctness of the answers first , and then a diagn(...TRUNCATED)	3	null	Extends	[ 25, 48 ]	[[{"index":1,"word":"The","lemma":"the","after":" ","pos":"DT","characterOffsetEnd":1149,"segment_sp(...TRUNCATED)	[[{"index":1,"word":"At","lemma":"at","after":" ","pos":"IN","characterOffsetEnd":1335,"segment_span(...TRUNCATED)	"The diagnoser , based on @@CITATIONb ) , outputs a diagnosis which consists of lists of correct , c(...TRUNCATED)	P10-4003_8	experiments
"The formalization of DLRs provided by Meurers ( 1995 ) defines a formal lexical rule specification (...TRUNCATED)	J97-4003	External_41778	1,997	1,995	a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining	towards a semantics for lexical rules as used in hpsg	[ "Detmar Meurers" ]	null	"One thus needs to distinguish the lexical rule specification provided by the linguist from the full(...TRUNCATED)	2	null	Background	[ 38, 54 ]	[[{"index":1,"word":"The","lemma":"the","after":" ","pos":"DT","characterOffsetEnd":1794,"segment_sp(...TRUNCATED)	[[{"index":1,"word":"This","lemma":"this","after":" ","pos":"DT","characterOffsetEnd":2080,"segment_(...TRUNCATED)	"The formalization of DLRs provided by @@CITATION defines a formal lexical rule specification langua(...TRUNCATED)	J97-4003_36	introduction

Thus , over the past few years , along with advances in the use of learning and statistical methods for acquisition of full parsers ( Collins , 1997 ; Charniak , 1997a ; Charniak , 1997b ; Ratnaparkhi , 1997 ) , significant progress has been made on the use of statistical learning methods to recognize shallow parsing patterns syntactic phrases or words that participate in a syntactic relationship ( Church , 1988 ; Ramshaw and Marcus , 1995 ; Argamon et al. , 1998 ; Cardie and Pierce , 1998 ; Munoz et al. , 1999 ; Punyakanok and Roth , 2001 ; Buchholz et al. , 1999 ; Tjong Kim Sang and Buchholz , 2000 ) .

W01-0706

External_555

2,001

1,997

a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining

three generative lexicalised models for statistical parsing

[ "M Collins" ]

null

While earlier work in this direction concentrated on manual construction of rules , most of the recent work has been motivated by the observation that shallow syntactic information can be extracted using local information by examining the pattern itself , its nearby context and the local part-of-speech information . Thus , over the past few years , along with advances in the use of learning and statistical methods for acquisition of full parsers ( Collins , 1997 ; Charniak , 1997a ; Charniak , 1997b ; Ratnaparkhi , 1997 ) , significant progress has been made on the use of statistical learning methods to recognize shallow parsing patterns syntactic phrases or words that participate in a syntactic relationship ( Church , 1988 ; Ramshaw and Marcus , 1995 ; Argamon et al. , 1998 ; Cardie and Pierce , 1998 ; Munoz et al. , 1999 ; Punyakanok and Roth , 2001 ; Buchholz et al. , 1999 ; Tjong Kim Sang and Buchholz , 2000 ) . Research on shallow parsing was inspired by psycholinguistics arguments ( Gee and Grosjean , 1983 ) that suggest that in many scenarios ( e.g. , conversational ) full parsing is not a realistic strategy for sentence processing and analysis , and was further motivated by several arguments from a natural language engineering viewpoint .

2

null

Background

[ 134, 148 ]

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Thus , over the past few years , along with advances in the use of learning and statistical methods for acquisition of full parsers ( @@CITATION ; Charniak , 1997a ; Charniak , 1997b ; Ratnaparkhi , 1997 ) , significant progress has been made on the use of statistical learning methods to recognize shallow parsing patterns syntactic phrases or words that participate in a syntactic relationship ( Church , 1988 ; Ramshaw and Marcus , 1995 ; Argamon et al. , 1998 ; Cardie and Pierce , 1998 ; Munoz et al. , 1999 ; Punyakanok and Roth , 2001 ; Buchholz et al. , 1999 ; Tjong Kim Sang and Buchholz , 2000 ) .

W01-0706_12

0

introduction

This was done by MERT optimization ( Och , 2003 ) towards post-edits under the TER target metric .

K15-1001

P03-1021

2,015

2,003

a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining

minimum error rate training in statistical machine translation

[ "Franz Josef Och" ]

null

PE-dev was used to obtain w * to define the utility model . This was done by MERT optimization ( Och , 2003 ) towards post-edits under the TER target metric . Note that the goal of our experi -

5

null

Uses

[ 37, 47 ]

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This was done by MERT optimization ( @@CITATION ) towards post-edits under the TER target metric .

K15-1001_30

0

experiments

She evaluates 3,000 German verbs with a token frequency between 10 and 2,000 against the Duden ( Dudenredaktion 2001 ) .

J05-3003

External_61276

2,005

2,001

a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining

duden—das stilworterbuch duden—the style dictionary

[ "editor Dudenredaktion" ]

null

The largest lexical evaluation we know of is that of Schulte im Walde ( 2002b ) for German . She evaluates 3,000 German verbs with a token frequency between 10 and 2,000 against the Duden ( Dudenredaktion 2001 ) . We will refer to this work and the methods and results presented by Schulte im Walde again in Sections 6.2 and 6.3 .

6

null

Background

[ 97, 116 ]

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She evaluates 3,000 German verbs with a token frequency between 10 and 2,000 against the Duden ( @@CITATION ) .

J05-3003_25

0

null

"The following four components have been identified as the key elements of a question related to pat(...TRUNCATED)

J07-1005

External_17760

2,007

1,995

a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining

the wellbuilt clinical question a key to evidencebased decisions

[ "W Scott Richardson", "Mark C Wilson", "James Nishikawa", "Robert S Hayward" ]

null

"The second facet is independent of the clinical task and pertains to the structure of a well-built (...TRUNCATED)

2

null

Background

[ 111, 133 ]

[[{"index":1,"word":"The","lemma":"the","after":" ","pos":"DT","characterOffsetEnd":2068,"segment_sp(...TRUNCATED)

[[{"index":1,"word":"â¢","lemma":"â¢","after":" ","pos":"NN","characterOffsetEnd":1,"segment(...TRUNCATED)

"The following four components have been identified as the key elements of a question related to pat(...TRUNCATED)

J07-1005_41

0

null

"Briscoe and Carroll ( 1997 ) report on manually analyzing an open-class vocabulary of 35,000 head w(...TRUNCATED)

J05-3003

A97-1052

2,005

1,997

a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining

automatic extraction of subcategorization from corpora

[ "Edward Briscoe", "John Carroll" ]

null

"As a generalization , Briscoe ( 2001 ) notes that lexicons such as COMLEX tend to demonstrate high (...TRUNCATED)

6

null

CompareOrContrast

[ 0, 28 ]

[[{"index":1,"word":"Briscoe","lemma":"Briscoe","after":" ","pos":"NNP","characterOffsetEnd":230,"se(...TRUNCATED)

[[{"index":1,"word":"Precision","lemma":"precision","after":" ","pos":"NN","characterOffsetEnd":453,(...TRUNCATED)

"@@CITATION report on manually analyzing an open-class vocabulary of 35,000 head words for predicate(...TRUNCATED)

J05-3003_10

0

null

"This is roughly an 11 % relative reduction in error rate over Charniak ( 2000 ) and Bods PCFG-reduc(...TRUNCATED)

E03-1005

A00-2018

2,003

2,000

a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining

a maximumentropyinspired parser

[ "E Charniak" ]

null

"The highest accuracy is obtained by SL-DOP at 12 n 14 : an LP of 90.8 % and an LR of 90.7 % . This (...TRUNCATED)

5

null

CompareOrContrast

[ 62, 79 ]

[[{"index":1,"word":"This","lemma":"this","after":" ","pos":"DT","characterOffsetEnd":371,"segment_s(...TRUNCATED)

[[{"index":1,"word":"Compared","lemma":"compare","after":" ","pos":"VBN","characterOffsetEnd":497,"s(...TRUNCATED)

"This is roughly an 11 % relative reduction in error rate over @@CITATION and Bods PCFG-reduction re(...TRUNCATED)

E03-1005_39

0

conclusion

"Finally , feedback expressions ( head nods and shakes ) are successfully predicted from speech , pr(...TRUNCATED)

P10-2059

External_88748

2,010

2,005

a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining

contextual recognition of head gestures

[ "Louis-Philippe Morency", "Candace Sidner", "Christopher Lee", "Trevor Darrell" ]

null

"Louwerse et al. ( 2006 ) and Louwerse et al. ( 2007 ) study the relation between eye gaze , facial (...TRUNCATED)

2

null

Background

[ 223, 244 ]

[[{"index":1,"word":"Finally","lemma":"finally","after":"","pos":"RB","characterOffsetEnd":1521,"seg(...TRUNCATED)

[[{"index":1,"word":"Our","lemma":"we","after":" ","pos":"PRP$","characterOffsetEnd":1800,"segment_s(...TRUNCATED)

"Finally , feedback expressions ( head nods and shakes ) are successfully predicted from speech , pr(...TRUNCATED)

P10-2059_16

0

introduction

"We use the agreement checker code developed by Alkuhlani and Habash ( 2011 ) and evaluate our basel(...TRUNCATED)

J13-1008

P11-2062

2,013

2,011

a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining

a corpus for modeling morphosyntactic agreement in arabic gender number and rationality

[ "Sarah Alkuhlani", "Nizar Habash" ]

null

"We now turn to our second type of error analysis , the evaluation of the grammaticality of the pars(...TRUNCATED)

5

null

Uses

[ 47, 76 ]

[[{"index":1,"word":"We","lemma":"we","after":" ","pos":"PRP","characterOffsetEnd":1008,"segment_spa(...TRUNCATED)

[[{"index":1,"word":"The","lemma":"the","after":" ","pos":"DT","characterOffsetEnd":1250,"segment_sp(...TRUNCATED)

"We use the agreement checker code developed by @@CITATION and evaluate our baseline ( MaltParser us(...TRUNCATED)

J13-1008_2

0

conclusion

"The diagnoser , based on Dzikovska et al. ( 2008b ) , outputs a diagnosis which consists of lists o(...TRUNCATED)

P10-4003

External_22831

2,010

2,008

a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining

linking semantic and knowledge representations in a multidomain dialogue system

[ "Myroslava O Dzikovska", "James F Allen", "Mary D Swift" ]

null

"The knowledge base is used to check the factual correctness of the answers first , and then a diagn(...TRUNCATED)

3

null

Extends

[ 25, 48 ]

[[{"index":1,"word":"The","lemma":"the","after":" ","pos":"DT","characterOffsetEnd":1149,"segment_sp(...TRUNCATED)

[[{"index":1,"word":"At","lemma":"at","after":" ","pos":"IN","characterOffsetEnd":1335,"segment_span(...TRUNCATED)

"The diagnoser , based on @@CITATIONb ) , outputs a diagnosis which consists of lists of correct , c(...TRUNCATED)

P10-4003_8

0

experiments

"The formalization of DLRs provided by Meurers ( 1995 ) defines a formal lexical rule specification (...TRUNCATED)

J97-4003

External_41778

1,997

1,995

a holistic lexiconbased approach to opinion mining

towards a semantics for lexical rules as used in hpsg

[ "Detmar Meurers" ]

null

"One thus needs to distinguish the lexical rule specification provided by the linguist from the full(...TRUNCATED)

2

null

Background

[ 38, 54 ]

[[{"index":1,"word":"The","lemma":"the","after":" ","pos":"DT","characterOffsetEnd":1794,"segment_sp(...TRUNCATED)

[[{"index":1,"word":"This","lemma":"this","after":" ","pos":"DT","characterOffsetEnd":2080,"segment_(...TRUNCATED)

"The formalization of DLRs provided by @@CITATION defines a formal lexical rule specification langua(...TRUNCATED)

J97-4003_36

0

introduction

Datasets:

kejian
/

ACL-ARC

Dataset Card for "ACL-ARC"