Datasets:

ielab

/

xor-tydi

like 0

0

!!!

"!!! ( ) is an American dance-punk band that formed in Sacramento, California, United States, in 1996 by lead singer Nic Offer. Members of !!! came from other local bands such as The Yah Mos, Black Liquorice and Popesmashers. They are currently based in New York City. The band's seventh album, ""Shake the Shudder"", was released in May 2017. !!! is an American band formed in the summer of 1995 by the merger of part of the group Black Liquorice and Popesmashers. After a successful joint tour, the two teams decided to mix the disco-funk with more aggressive sounds and"

1

!!!

"integrate the hardcore singer Nic Offer from the Yah Mos. The band's name was inspired by the subtitles of the movie ""The Gods Must Be Crazy"", in which the clicking sounds of the Bushmen's Khoisan language were represented as ""!"". However, as the bandmembers themselves say, !!! is pronounced by repeating thrice any monosyllabic sound. ""Chk Chk Chk"" is the most common pronunciation, and the URL of their official website and the title of their Myspace page suggest it is the preferred pronunciation. The band's full-length debut record came out in 2000 as a self-titled album on the label Gold"

2

!!!

"Standard Laboratories. This was followed in 2003 by the single ""Me and Giuliani Down By the School Yard"", a lengthy track combining house beats with sinewy basslines, psychedelic guitars, and simple lyrics which quote the title song of the musical ""Footloose"". A second full-length, ""Louden Up Now"", was released on Touch and Go in America and on Warp Records in Europe in June 2004. In June 2005 !!! released a new EP covering ""Take Ecstasy with Me"" by The Magnetic Fields, and ""Get Up"" by Nate Dogg. The following December, the original drummer for the band, Mikel Gius, was struck"

3

!!!

"and killed by a car while riding his bike. They released their third album, ""Myth Takes"" in 2007. !!! is composed of Mario Andreoni (guitar), Dan Gorman (horns/percussion/keys), Nic Offer (vocals), Tyler Pope (bass/various electronic devices), and Allan Wilson (horns/percussion/keys). Touring members include Shannon Funchess (vocals) and Paul Quattrone (drums). The band also shared membership with the similar, defunct group Out Hud (including Tyler Pope, who has played with LCD Soundsystem and written music for Cake). Vocalist and drummer John Pugh officially left the band in July 2007 to concentrate on his new band Free Blood. Shannon Funchess stood in"

4

!Action Pact!

"!Action Pact! was a London-based punk rock band, formed in 1981 by guitarist Wild Planet, bassist Kim Igoe, singer George Cheex, and drummer Joe Fungus. !Action Pact! was from Stanwell in Middlesex, and was also originally named Bad Samaritans. In 1981 they changed their name to !Action Pact!. The John from Dead Mans Shadow (D.M.S.) was Bad Samaritan's original lead singer, and he left to concentrate on D.M.S., before the name change. He was replaced by George Cheex, who got the job because of ""her courage to scream along with the band's songs."" They contributed two songs to the EP"

5

!Action Pact!

"""Heathrow Touchdown"" which was released in October, 1981, while George and Joe were still only 15 years old. ""London Bouncers"" and ""All Purpose Action Footwear"", got the attention of BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel. He played their songs often and he convinced the band to record their first full session, which they did on 22 February 1982. They recorded ""People"", ""Suicide Bag"", ""Mindless Aggression"", ""Losers"", and ""Cowslick Blues"". The resulting demo tape caught the attention of the fledgling label Fall Out Records, which signed the band as the first act on its roster. !Action Pact!'s label debut, the ""Suicide"

6

!Action Pact!

"Bag"" EP, was released in July 1982 and rocketed to the top of the British punk chart. The band would later be joined by drummer Grimly Fiendish and bassist Thistles, and producer Phil Langham would also moonlight on bass under the name Elvin Pelvin; whereas Kim Igoe, the bassist, continued on as a lyricist. The band split in 1986. In early 2016, Wild Planet (Des Stanley) died from cancer. Wild Planet managed the heavy rock band Purge, in which his son, Mark Stanley, plays bass guitar; Purge has sometimes played a live cover version of !Action Pact!'s ""London Bouncers"". Joe"

7

!Hero (album)

"!Hero is an album featuring the songs from the rock opera, !Hero. It is based on the question, ""What if Jesus was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania?"" The rock opera modernizes Jesus' last two years on earth and features a cast of many well-known Christian rock artists with Michael Tait, Rebecca St. James, and Mark Stuart as the three main characters: Hero (Jesus), Maggie (Mary Magdalene), and Petrov (Peter). Chris Well, writing for CCM Magazine, reviewed it favorably and stated, """"!Hero"" is inventive, rhythmic and should, no doubt, spark debate everywhere about the real Jesus. On the other hand, Andree Farias"

8

!Hero

"!HERO is a 2003 Christian rock opera about Jesus. It is based on the question, ""What if Jesus was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania?"". After the original tour in 2003 ended, it was released on DVD, CD, and was written into a trilogy of novels and series of comic books. ""!HERO"" is a rock opera modernizing Jesus's last two years of life, as described in the Bible. The story takes place in New York City, in Brooklyn. The world government in this near-future dystopic Earth is centered under the International Confederation of Nations (ICON). Under the iron fist of I.C.O.N., nearly"

9

!Hero

all religion in the world has been wiped out, except for small occult and mystic sects. Only one synagogue in Brooklyn exists. Currently, New York City is a police-occupied warzone between ethnic gangs and small, isolated revolutionary groups fighting I.C.O.N. Of all the ancient world religions, only Judaism survives and flourishes, at least, as much as it can. In Bethlehem, PA, a child named Jesus, but referred to as HERO, is born and forced to flee with his family to the small Jewish section of Brooklyn. Jesus grows up and begins to preach and teach the principles of Christianity to

10

!Hero

"the people of New York City, teaching people to love their enemies and care for each other. I.C.O.N. realizes HERO is a threat, and the Chief of police Devlin (a derivative of the Devil or Satan), with the help of chief Rabbi Kai (Caiaphas), conspire to end HERO's revolutionary teachings. The Opera is narrated by ""Agent Hunter"", a former I.C.O.N. agent who met HERO and was soon thrown into prison for joining him against I.C.O.N. The opera also features Petrov (Peter), Maggie (Mary Magdalene), and Jude (Judas Iscariot) the latter who conspires with Kai and Devlin to betray HERO. The"

11

!Kora Wars

The !Kora Wars was a period of raiding by the !Kora people and subsequent military action by the Boer authorities. The mid-nineteenth century experienced migration as a result of the protracted frontier wars that forced the movement of certain indigenous groups further north of the Cape Colony. These included the Khoisan, the Bastaard (a derogatory terms used to distinguish people of mixed European and Khoi heritage) and the !Kora, a people whom the colonial authorities considered more of a bandit community. The !Kora were known to loot communities living around the lower to middle Orange River. The raids increased in

12

!Kora Wars

volume and intensity during the mid eighteen hundreds. This forced the authorities to launch a series of expeditions aimed at countering the raids. The !Kora were finally crushed in 1879, but their intimate knowledge of the Gariep (Orange River) rendered them the most significant threat to settler colonies outside of the Bantu nations at the time. Recent studies has come to consider the !Kora people as more of a loose group of communities. Initially they consisted of two groupings, the Little Korana and the Great Korana. Movement and divisions would come to separate them into even smaller groups. Some of

13

!Kora Wars

these differences were caused by quarrels over grazing rights, livestock and water sources. The !Ikora were a nomadic people, who were not bound to any one place for long stretches of time, even then they were considered to be semi-pastoral communities. Many of them shunned life in the Cape Colony because it meant living a life of servitude and hard labour. Instead, they looked northwards for a free life. Their ability to use guns and ride horses effectively were skills adopted under colonial life and these were skills that would prove beneficial to their cause. This made them highly adept

14

!Kora Wars

at raiding livestock belonging to colonial settler communities. Many groups within the !Kora community lived all along the expansive Orange River. They became highly knowledgeable of it and used its islands and riverbanks to their advantage. During this time the banks of the Orange were dense with foliage and reeds. On the river itself were numerous islands dotted about, which revealed themselves when water levels were low. The combination of tall reeds and the islands provided an advantage for the !Kora, because they were able to ambush their targets much easier. In the 1830’s the sparse settler communities along the

15

!Kora Wars

Orange River region were able to counter some of the raids from the !Kora people, however a highly skilled and organised group of !Kora marauders began to emerge. A former slave known as Stuurman who belonged to a family in Griqualand led this group. Little is recorded on his ancestry. With a growing number of disgruntled! !Kora under his leadership, he gained notoriety 1832 when he and his followers stole livestock on cattle farms south of the Orange River. It is reported that they stole 5 wagons, 3000 sheep, 70 horses and 200 head of cattle. Over the next two

16

!Kora Wars

years they proceeded to loot the border towns of Clanwilliam, Beaufort West and Graaf Reinet. These were areas leading out of the Cape Colony; policing presence in these areas was scattered. Stuurman also launched attacks on the Tswana of Griqualand. Stuurman was however shot and killed by a white cattle farmer. The 1860’s in Southern Africa brought about a serious drought, which had a profound impact on the movement of the Bantu communities; the trekbroers who were beginning to concentrate on a life in the interior; and the Khoi and San communities that were being forced further north by the

17

!Kora Wars

latter's migration. The communities around the Orange River were beginning to grow in their numbers, a reality that some !Kora leaders took full advantage of. The most notorious leaders of this time were Klaas Springbokke of the Springbokke group, Klaas Lukas of the Cat Korana group, with Cupido Pofadder occupying the more westerly region of the Orange River. These fractured groups put a lot of roving Trekboers and Bastaard communities under pressure, with their cattle being a prime target. Some of !Kora were also rumoured to have secured smuggling networks further in the interior that could supply them with arms.

18

!Kora Wars

Jan Kivido and Piet Rooi formed a partnership and were the most consistent raiders. The first recorded significant incident between the !Kora people and the colonial government occurred in 1869, when a Griqua and Scottish trader were robbed along the southern bank of the Orange River. Piet Rooi, the leader of another nomadic !Kora group, was held responsible for the robbery, and as punishment was lashed and committed to three months hard labour. He was subsequently released on account of insufficient evidence against him. The treatment he received did not sit well with many of the !Ikora raiders, and this

19

!Kora Wars

spurred them into increased levels of livestock pillaging that belonged to the settlers throughout the region. A three hundred-man strong commando under Special Magistrate Maxmillian Jackson was deployed to try and deal with Rooi and Kivido’s activities, and although Kivido was killed in the insurgence, the attack was considered a failure as the commando struggled to navigate the islands due to limited understanding of the river's layout. As a result, the efforts to deter the !Kora from any more raids were increased. The authorities bribed two leaders of the most powerful groups, Lukas and Cupido Pofadder. They were given protection

20

!Kora Wars

in exchange for information on the other marauding groups. Lukas orchestrated the recapture of Rooi and some of his cohorts, and handed them over to the Special Magistrate, and about 400 men were sentenced to Robben Island. Those who were able to evade capture retreated into the Kalahari Desert. Some among the captured !Kora were forced back into manual labour on white farms, while others succumbed to smallpox. In effect, the entire !Kora community was destroyed, and some of their prominent lead raiders spent decades behind bars. By the time they were released, they were too old and frail to

21

!Kung languages

"!Kung (!Xun), also known as Ju, is a dialect continuum (language complex) spoken in Namibia, Botswana, and Angola by the ǃKung people, constituting two or three languages. Together with the ǂʼAmkoe language, !Kung forms the Kxʼa language family. !Kung constituted one of the branches of the putative Khoisan language family, and was called Northern Khoisan in that scenario, but the unity of Khoisan has never been demonstrated and is now regarded as spurious. Nonetheless, the anthropological term ""Khoisan"" has been retained as an umbrella term for click languages in general. !Kung is famous for having a large number of clicks,"

22

!Kung languages

"such as the ǃ in its name, and has some of the most complex inventories of both consonants and vowels in the world. It also has tone. For a description, see Juǀʼhoan. To pronounce ""!Xuun"" (pronounced in Western !Kung/!Xuun) one makes a click sound before the ""x"" sound (which is like a Scottish or German ""ch""), followed by a long nasal ""u"" vowel with a high rising tone. The term ""!Kung"", or variants thereof, is typically used when considering the dialects to constitute a single language; ""Ju"" tends to be used when considering them as a small language family. ""!Kung"""

23

!Kung languages

"is also sometimes used for the northern/northwestern dialects, as opposed to the well documented ""Ju|ʼhoan"" dialects in the south(east); however speakers of nearly all dialects call themselves ""!Kung"". The spellings ""!Xun"" and ""!Xuun"" seen in recent literature are related to the Ju|ʼhoan form spelled ""ǃXʼu(u)n"" in the 1975 orthography, or ""ǃKu(u)n"" in current orthography. Additional spellings are ""ǃHu, ǃKhung, ǃKu, Kung, Qxü, ǃung, ǃXo, Xû, ǃXû, Xun, ǃXung, ǃXũũ, !Xun, ʗhũ:"", and additional spellings of ""Ju"" are ""Dzu, Juu, Zhu"". If the !Kung dialects are counted together, they would make the third-most-populous click language after Khoekhoe and Sandawe. The most"

24

!Kung languages

populous !Kung variety, Juǀʼhoan, is perhaps tied for third place with Naro. Estimates vary, but there are probably around 15,000 speakers. Counting is difficult because speakers are scattered on farms, interspersed with speakers of other languages, but Brenzinger (2011) counts 9,000 in Namibia, 2,000 in Botswana, 3,700 in South Africa and 1,000 in Angola (down from perhaps 8,000 in 1975). Until the mid–late twentieth century, the northern dialects were widespread in southern and central Angola. However, most !Kung fled the Angolan Civil War to Namibia (primarily to the Caprivi Strip), where they were recruited into the South African Defence Force

25

!Kung languages

special forces against the Angolan Army and SWAPO. At the end of the Border War, more than one thousand fighters and their families were relocated to Schmidtsdrift in South Africa amid uncertainty over their future in Namibia. After more than a decade living in precarious conditions, the post-Apartheid government bought and donated land for a permanent settlement at Platfontein, near Schmidtsdrift. Only Ju|'hoan is written, and it is not sufficiently intelligible with the Northwestern dialects for the same literature to be used for both. The better-known !Kung dialects are Tsumkwe Juǀʼhoan, Ekoka !Kung, ǃʼOǃKung, and ǂKxʼauǁʼein. Scholars distinguish between eleven

26

!Kung languages

"and fifteen dialects, but the boundaries are unclear. There is a clear distinction between North/Northwest vs South/Southeast, but also a diverse Central group that is poorly attested. Heine & Honken (2010) classify the 11 traditionally numbered dialects into three branches of what they consider a single language: Heine & König (2015.324) state that speakers of all Northwestern dialects ""understand one another to quite some extent"" but that they do not understand any of the Southeastern dialects. Sands (2010) classifies !Kung dialects into four clusters, with the first two being quite close: ǂKxʼauǁʼein was too poorly attested to classify at the"

27

!Oka Tokat

"!Oka Tokat is a Filipino paranormal drama, which ran on ABS-CBN from June 24, 1997 to July 2, 2002. It originally aired every Tuesday night and starred Ricky Davao, Diether Ocampo, Jericho Rosales, Angelika Dela Cruz, Rica Peralejo, Paolo Contis and Agot Isidro. The show's title is the reverse spelling of the phrase ""Takot ako!"" (""I'm scared!""); hence, the exclamation point at the beginning. It was the longest-running horror series on Filipino television. In 2011, ABS CBN announced that !Oka Tokat will have its sequel entitled ""Oka2kat"". It was supposed to be aired on March 2011 but it had been"

28

!PAUS3

"!PAUS3, or THEE PAUSE, (born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), now located in the New York City area, is an international platinum selling musician and artist, who began his career in his early teens in the former Soviet Bloc nations of Ukraine, Romania and Bulgaria. THEE PAUSE has been previously selected by MTV & 495 Productions with other DJs to perform internationally for thousands. Having been selected to perform with and remix multiple platinum selling artists, he has been featured as a guest curator for Trance Mix. He has been featured, interviewed or reviewed by ""Spin"" (France), ""Scotch & Murder Monthly"", ""More"

29

!PAUS3

"Than Disco"", ""Hot Biscuits"", ""The Atlantic Monthly"", ""Trip Hop Daily"", ""Creme de le Creme"", ""reverb"", ""Music Under Fire"", and ""Fahrenheit"", and has multiple top-charting tracks and remixes on The Hype Machine and Beatport. THEE PAUSE was selected in February 2012 as a featured DJ for W Hotels Worldwide and a commissioned mix was made available exclusively on W Hotels Worldwide by Starwood Hotels and Resorts iPhone application. Take Remedy was a new collective on the New York City scene featuring Alice Love, THEE PAUSE, and Billy 'Vapor Eyes'. They have been described as a ""combination of the alternative organic sound"

30

!PAUS3

"meets digital chaos"". THEE PAUSE is bassist, programmer and provides back-up vocals. Lead vocals are provided by Alice Love. Billy Vapor Eyes plays drums, keyboards and rhythm guitars. Their debut EP ""Hello"" successfully charted on two individual Hype Machine Top 100 singles charts without major label promotion, EyeView and Lines unusual for a new band with a debut EP. ""Hello"", the five track debut EP originally only available on 12"" red limited edition vinyl via Projecting Nothing Records, is now available worldwide digital via Organic Intelligence Records. Announced March 24, 2012, THEE PAUSE began recording with artist Nikki Noir with"

31

!PAUS3

"producer DJ Alex J of Digable Planents fame for a late-2012 CD and digital release on Projecting Nothing Records titled ""Of The Echoes"". In March 2013, THEE PAUSE joined forces with Scott Putesky, former lead guitarist and co-founder of the band Marilyn Manson, to form ""The Daisy Kids"". The Daisy Kids was an American hard rock group consisting of former Marilyn Manson guitarist Daisy Berkowitz and producer, multi-instrumentalist and bass player THEE PAUSE. Guest vocals on the ""Mr Conrad Samsung"" EP were provided by Justin Symbol of Nursing Home fame[2]. Numerous rough demos were recorded, including a yet to circulate"

32

!PAUS3

"four-song CD entitled ""The Samsung Sessions"". That four-song CD/demo was shelved due to legal issues regarding the use of uncleared samples, and only one track from those recording sessions has surfaced to date. Tracks known to have been recorded include: With legal issues resolved, November 20, 2015, saw the release of the ""Mr Conrad Samsung"" EP, which had been delayed since 2013 and is the final released recording featuring guitarist and vocalist Scott Putesky prior to his passing in 2017. After numerous delays due to internal health problems plaguing both band members[5] Daisy Berkowitz and THEE PAUSE, the ""Mr Conrad"

33

!PAUS3

"Samsung"" EP was released digitally on September 20, 2015, via Organic Intelligence Records internationally. Vocal duties were split on this EP between Daisy Berkowitz, THEE PAUSE and Justin Symbol. No tour was planned at the time as the band members focused on their health, and Justin Symbol continued to pursue his various solo and side projects. Digital Release Track List: Andy Stott is a Manchester-based producer of dub and techno music who has released three albums with the Modern Love label. THEE PAUSE's remix of Andy Stott's ""Numb"" charted on Pitchfork's Top 200 Tracks of the Decade so Far. The"

34

!T.O.O.H.!

"!T.O.O.H.! (an acronym for ""The Obliteration of Humanity"") is a progressive death metal band from the Czech Republic formed in 1990. Early in their career, the band's lyrics focused mainly on gore, but in recent years they have focused a lot more on politics and social matters. The band was founded under the name Devastator by brothers Jan and Josef Veselý in 1990, changing its name to !T.O.O.H.! in 1993. Jan and Josef go by the pseudonyms ""Schizoid"" and ""Humanoid"" respectively. The band split up shortly after finishing the ""Řád a trest"" album due to financial difficulties, after being dropped"

35

!T.O.O.H.!

"by Earache Records, who took the album out of print two months after its release. In September 2011, the band reformed as a duo. In 2013, they released their fourth album, ""Democratic Solution"", for free via their Facebook page. ""Democratic Solution"" was musically very different from their previous recordings; the band retained its progressive death metal/grindcore characteristics and complex song structures, but instead of an instrumental background, the album featured electronic instrumentation & effects, electronic drums, clean vocals and ample use of keyboards throughout compositions. The resulting sound was closer to the brothers' other project, §§. Critical reception of this"

36

!T.O.O.H.!

"album was divided, with some reviewers considering it as one of the band's worst, and some as one of their best works. During this time the duo went public with news of Humanoid's mental health problems, as he was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia during the recording of ""Democratic Solution"". The band performed their last show on 16 February 2013 in Ostrava, and the following day they announced their disbandment due to difficulties playing live, stating that ""it is for him [Humanoid] too stressful"" and that ""to continue as a studio project would be pointless"". However, on April 1st, 2017 the"

37

!T.O.O.H.!

"duo announced via their Facebook page that they had been working on new material and planned to release an album sometime in 2018. They added that they had laid the groundwork for three songs already, which would be in a more traditional deathgrind style, unlike the band's previous album which featured an experimental and electronic take on grind. The duo said the new material would ""sound like proper deathgrind with pompous passages"" and ""we want to go into a professional studio, where we are going to record live acoustic drums and loud guitars, and thus ensure dynamic sound quality"". They"

38

!Women Art Revolution

"!Women Art Revolution is a 2010 documentary film directed by Lynn Hershman Leeson and distributed by Zeitgeist Films. It tracks the feminist art movement over 40 years through interviews with artists, curators, critics, and historians. ""!Women Art Revolution"" is a documentary film, created by Lynn Hershman Leeson, to examine the under-recognized world of feminist art. Through interviews, documentary footage, and artworks, the film tracks the trajectory of feminist art. It begins at the start of the 1960s with antiwar and civil rights protests, it follows developments in feminist art through the 1970s. Lynn Hershman Lesson interviewed artists, curators, critics, and"

39

!Women Art Revolution

historians for over 4 decades about their individual and group efforts to help women succeed in the art world and society by helping them overcome obstacles. There were over 40 individuals interviewed for the project. These interviews are done in a variety of places over time. The interviewees talk about their experiences in the art world facing obstacles because of their gender. Many of the artists discuss the works they made as a result.The movie begins with a scene at the Whitney Museum of American Art, where Hershman asks people to name 3 women artists, very few can name more

40

!Women Art Revolution

"than Frida Khalo. Hershman calls the film the, ""remains of an insistent history that refuses to wait any longer to be told."" She says the events of the day led her to feel an, ""urgency to capture that moment"" and shoot whenever, wherever with a borrowed camera. The film gets its name from the Women Artists in Revolution (WAR), which formed in the 1960's as a coalition to raise awareness about the unique obstacles faced by female artists. Many of the issues started at a fundamental level, Rachel Rosenthal states in the movie, with the women artists not getting recognition"

41

!Women Art Revolution

in the study of art history and books. The interviewees all talk about how male-dominated the art world was, sharing their personal stories. The work these feminist artists were creating at the time were very different from works shown or talked about at the time. The film overlays historical events with feminist art events, which were somewhat spurred on by these political events such as the Vietnam War, Black Panthers, Civil Rights Movement, Women's Liberation, and Free Speech Movement. She labels the 1968 Miss America Pageant as the moment when art and politics fused, culminating in a weeklong protest of

42

!Women Art Revolution

"art events. The film mentions that minimalism was the popular art style of the time. Meant to be devoid of politics, this movement didn't match up with what was happening socially and politically. The feminist art movement worked to recognize contemporary political movements and social issues, creating a platform for awareness of these events. The film debuted at the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) 2010 as part of the Real to Reel category. ""!Women Art Revolution"" played at New York's IFC Center beginning June 1, 2011, before opening around the country. In the film, Hershman states that the filming process,"

43

!Women Art Revolution

"""has accumulated (roughly) 12,428 minutes of footage,"" and ""!W.A.R."" shows only 83 minutes, leaving 12,343 minutes of footage out. A digital archive was created to contain the two decades of Hershmann Leeson's interviews that went into creating this film and is available through the Stanford University Libraries collection, ""!W.A.R. Voices of a Movement"". According to the collection website, Hershmann Leeson desired this repository to ""be shared with as wide an audience as possible."" Barry Keith Grant praises the film in his Film International piece, ""Leeson's film is a like a patchwork quilt of disparate footage, but in the end it"

44

!Women Art Revolution

"all comes together to become an important feminist work. The film could well serve as required viewing for art and film students today."" Reviewer Ellen Druda says, ""This powerful film will ignite even the tiniest spark of feminism in any woman's heart. Not only art lovers will come away with a deeper understanding of the movement and an appreciation for those who stood up and paved the way."" Richard Knight for the Windy City Times has a more critical view of the film, explaining, ""Hershman Leeson succeeds in her goal to expose and pique the interest of the viewer to"

45

!Women Art Revolution

the radical feminist artists who used activist tactics to get their work shown, demanding parity with their male counterparts. However, by the time queer film historian B. Ruby Rich starts talking about how the lesbian artists didn't want to identify as artists because that label was considered bourgeois by their female counterparts, the movie has taken on an exclusionary air of its own - just like those 'womyn only' coffeehouses that existed 'back in the day.' So, while the film undercuts some of its own arguments by veering too strongly into the very separatist direction it decries - and annoyingly

46

!Wowow!

!Wowow! is a collective in Peckham, London. Otherwise known as The Children of !Wowow!, they are a group of artists, fashion designers, writers and musicians, who have promoted numerous art events and parties in London and Berlin. !Wowow! began in the back of the Joiners Arms in Camberwell in 2003 as a performance night in a pub by Hanna Hanra and Matthew Stone. In 2004, the collective squatted a large Victorian co-op in Peckham South East London and made it into an artist-run space. They include fashion designer Gareth Pugh, performance artist Millie Brown, video installation artist Adham Faramawy, James

47

!Wowow!

Balmforth and artist Matthew Stone. Other artists to have shown in the space include Boo Saville, Gareth Cadwallader, and Ellie Tobin. In 2003, !Wowow! organised warehouse parties in Peckham. At times club nights with 2000 people took place. One of these was attended by Lauren Bush, the former U.S. President's niece, and her two CIA bodyguards. The second show by the collective in December 2004 was of paintings, film, photography and performance by recent Slade graduates for a month in the Georgian building at 251 Rye Lane, Peckham, formerly occupied by the Co-op shop, which the artists gutted and refurbished.

48

!Wowow!

"The artists, who curated the exhibition together, included Chloe Dewe Mathews with photographs of lidos, Matthew Stone with digital recreations of old paintings, Rachael Haines with surrealist inspired collages and Boo Saville with monkey paintings and biro drawings. The opening featured shamanistic chanting, a shopping Trolley Mardi Gras, live bands and a recreation of Michael Jackson's video ""Thriller"" by performance artist Lali Chetwynd's troupe. In November 2005, the Children of !Wowow! organised a week-long event in a large warehouse in Peckham, curated by member Gareth Cadwallader, and in a number of smaller venues in the area, featuring members of the"

49

!Wowow!

"collective and also Mark McGowan. Events included ""Stolen Cinema"" with cult films from a local rental shop, Richard Elms' play ""Factory Dog"", and a ""Greasy Spoon Art Salon Breakfast"" presided over by Lali Chetwynd and Zoe Brown. he week culminated with a party for 1,500 people, with 10,000 bottles of beer, 500 bottles of whiskey, and 13 live bands on stage. The bands included The So Silage Crew, Ludes, The Long Blondes, and Ivich Lives. The Amazing squat created its own ""distinctly odd harlequin-esque fashion style"", through Gareth Pughs' participation. Hanna Hanra and Katie Shillingford edited ""Fashion/ Art/ Leisure"", a"

50

$1,000 a Touchdown

"$1,000 a Touchdown is a 1939 American comedy film directed by James P. Hogan, written by Delmer Daves, and starring Joe E. Brown, Martha Raye, Eric Blore, Susan Hayward, John Hartley and Joyce Mathews. It was released on October 4, 1939, by Paramount Pictures. Frank Nugent of ""The New York Times"" said, ""Paramount must have been carried away when it finally succeeded in bringing Joe E. Brown and Martha Raye (and their mouths) together in a comedy. Only it wasn't carried far enough away. ""$1,000 a Touchdown"", played at the Criterion yesterday, is a painfully witless football farce of almost"

51

$1,000 genome

The $1,000 genome refers to an era of predictive and personalized medicine during which the cost of fully sequencing an individual's genome (WGS) is roughly USD $1,000. It is also the title of a book by British science writer and founding editor of Nature Genetics, Kevin Davies. By late 2015, the cost to generate a high-quality 'draft' whole human genome sequence was just below $1,500. The “$1,000 genome” catchphrase was first publicly recorded in December 2001 at a scientific retreat to discuss the future of biomedical research following publication of the first draft of the HGP, convened by the National

52

$1,000 genome

Human Genome Research Institute at Airlie House in Virginia. The phrase neatly highlighted the chasm between the actual cost of the Human Genome Project, estimated at $2.7 billion over a decade, and the benchmark for routine, affordable personal genome sequencing. On 2 October 2002, Craig Venter introduced the opening session of GSAC (The Genome Sequencing and Analysis Conference) at the Hynes Convention Center in Boston: “The Future of Sequencing: Advancing Towards the $1,000 Genome.” Speakers included George M. Church and executives from 454 Life Sciences, Solexa, U.S. Genomics, VisiGen and Amersham plc. In 2003, Venter announced that his foundation would

53

$1,000 genome

"earmark $500,000 for a breakthrough leading to the $1,000 genome. That sum was subsequently rolled into the Archon X Prize. In October 2004, NHGRI introduced the first in a series of '$1,000 Genome' grants designed to advance ""the development of breakthrough technologies that will enable a human-sized genome to be sequenced for $1,000 or less."" In a January 2006 article in Scientific American making the case for the Personal Genome Project, George M. Church wrote In 2007, the journal Nature Genetics invited dozens of scientists to respond to its ‘Question of the Year’: In May 2007, during a ceremony held"

54

$1,000 genome

at Baylor College of Medicine, 454 Life Sciences founder Jonathan Rothberg presented James D. Watson with a digital copy of his personal genome sequence on a portable hard drive. Rothberg estimated the cost of the sequence—the first personal genome produced using a next-generation sequencing platform—at $1 million. Watson's genome sequence was published in 2008. A number of scientists have highlighted the cost of additional analysis after performing sequencing. Bruce Korf, past president of the American College of Medical Genetics, described “the $1-million interpretation.” Washington University’s Elaine Mardis prefers “the $100,000 analysis.” At the end of 2007, the biotech company Knome

55

$1,000 genome

"debuted the first direct-to-consumer genome sequencing service at an initial price of $350,000 (including analysis). One of the first clients was Dan Stoicescu, a Swiss-based biotech entrepreneur. As the costs of sequencing continued to plummet, in 2008, Illumina announced that it had sequenced an individual genome for $100,000 in reagent costs. Applied Biosystems countered by saying the cost on its platform was $60,000. Pacific Biosciences became the latest entrant in what ""The New York Times"" called ""a heated race for the '$1,000 genome'"". In 2009, Stanford University professor Stephen Quake published a paper sequencing his own genome on an instrument"

56

$1,000 genome

built by Helicos Biosciences (a company he co-founded) for a reported cost in consumables of $48,000. That same year, Complete Genomics debuted its proprietary whole-genome sequencing service for researchers, charging as little as $5,000/genome for bulk orders. In 2010, Illumina introduced its individual genome sequencing service for consumers, who were required to present a doctor's note. The initial price was $50,000/person. One of the first clients was former Solexa CEO John West, who had his entire family of four sequenced. In January 2012, Life Technologies unveiled a new sequencing instrument, the Ion Proton Sequencer, which it said would achieve the

57

$1,000 genome

$1,000 genome in a day within 12 months. Sharon Begley wrote: “After years of predictions that the ‘$1,000 genome’ -- a read-out of a person's complete genetic information for about the cost of a dental crown—was just around the corner, a U.S. company is announcing... that it has achieved that milestone.” In January 2014, Illumina launched its HiSeq X Ten Sequencer, claiming to have produced the first $1,000 genome at 30x coverage. Some researchers hailed the HiSeq X Ten's release as a milestone - Michael Schatz of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory said that “it is a major human accomplishment on

58

$1,000 genome

par with the development of the telescope or the microprocessor”. However, critics pointed out that the $10 million upfront investment required to purchase the system would deter customers. Furthermore, the $1,000 genome cost calculation left out overheads, such as the cost of powering the machine. In September 2015, Veritas Genetics (co-founded by George Church) announced $1,000 full-genome sequencing including interpretation for participants in the Personal Genome Project. In April 2017, the newly formed European company Dante Labs started offering the WGS for $900. In 2017, Beijing Genomics Institute began offering WGS for $600. In July 2018, on Amazon Prime Day,

59

$1,000 genome

Dante Labs offered it for $349. In November 2018, around the time of Black Friday, Dante Labs offered WGS for the first time less than $200, and Veritas Genetics for two days for the same price of $199 offered WGS limited to a thousand customers. In March of the same year, geneticist Matthew Hurles of Wellcome Sanger Institute noted that the private companies, including Illumina, are currently competing to reach a new target for WGS of only $100. It was originally announced that the revamped Archon Genomics X PRIZE presented by Medco would hold a $10-million grand prize competition in

60

$1,000 genome

"January 2013 for the team that reaches (or comes closest to reaching) the $1,000 genome. The grand prize would go to ""the team(s) able to sequence 100 human genomes within 30 days to an accuracy of 1 error per 1,000,000 bases, with 98% completeness, identification of insertions, deletions and rearrangements, and a complete haplotype, at an audited total cost of $1,000 per genome."" In August 2013 the Archon Genomics X PRIZE was cancelled, as the founders felt it had been ""Outpaced by Innovation,"" and ""was not incentivizing the technological changes"" Webcast of James Watson personal genome presentation, 31 May 2007."

61

$100 Guitar Project

The $100 Guitar Project was started on October 20, 2010 when Nick Didkovsky and Chuck O'Meara bought a $100 electric guitar from Elderly Instruments. In 2 years and 30,000 miles of travel throughout the USA and Europe, the guitar passed through the hands of over 65 players, each of whom recorded a piece with it, signed it and then passed it on to the next player. The result was a 2-CD album released on Bridge Records, Inc. in January 2013 (BRIDGE 9381A/B). 50% of the album proceeds go to CARE, an organization fighting global poverty. The guitar has been identified

62

$100 Guitar Project

as a FujiGen Gakki EJ-2 (with a missing neck pickup). These guitars were made in Japan from 1962-65. Alex Skolnick, David Starobin, Elliott Sharp, Mike Keneally, Barry Cleveland, Fred Frith, Henry Kaiser, Mark Hitt, Keith Rowe, Nels Cline, Andy Aledort, Hillary Fielding, John Shiurba, Karl Evangelista, Phil Burk, Ray Kallas, Janet Feder, Thomas Dimuzio, Julia Miller, Chris Murphy, Chuck O'Meara, Marty Carlson, Shawn Persinger, Kai Niggemann, Steve MacLean, Ken Field, Roger Miller, Michael Bierylo, Bill Brovold, Larry Polansky, Biota Bill Sharp, Ava Mendoza, Amy Denio, Bruce Eisenbeil, Caroline Feldmeier, Colin Marston, David Linaburg, Hans Tammen, James Moore, Jesse Krakow, Jesse

63

$100 hamburger

"$100 hamburger (""hundred-dollar hamburger"") is aviation slang for the excuse a general aviation pilot might use to fly. A $100 hamburger trip typically involves flying a short distance (less than two hours), eating at an airport restaurant, and flying home. ""$100"" originally referred to the approximate cost of renting or operating a light general aviation aircraft, such as a Cessna 172, for the time it took to fly round-trip to a nearby airport. However, increasing fuel prices have since caused an increase in hourly operating costs for most airplanes, and a Cessna 172 now costs US$95–$130 per Hobbs hour to"

64

$100,000 Fortune Hunt

"The $100,000 Fortune Hunt is an Illinois Lottery game show which debuted on September 16, 1989, and aired on Saturday evenings from 1989-1994 on WGN-TV in Chicago (except for 1 year in 1993 when it aired on WBBM-TV); it was also broadcast on WGN's national satellite feed. Jeff Coopwood hosted the first season, with the rest of the run being hosted by Mike Jackson. Linda Kollmeyer served as the hostess during the entire run with Bill Barber as the announcer. Potential contestants purchased a ""$100,000 Fortune Hunt"" scratch-off ticket from an Illinois Lottery retailer. To play the ""$100,000 Fortune Hunt"""

65

$100,000 Fortune Hunt

"players had to rub off the play area on the lottery instant ticket. If three matching prize amounts were revealed, the player won the prize shown–such as a free ticket or up to $100. If three TV symbols appeared, players could submit the ticket to the lottery for a preliminary drawing. This drawing was held every week in Springfield. At this first stage each week, six on-air contestants and 12 at-home viewers were selected from the preliminary drawing of entry tickets and asked to participate in the ""$100,000 Fortune Hunt"". Only the first six contestants would appear on the TV"

66

$100,000 Fortune Hunt

"show and have the opportunity to win the grand prize or other prizes. Two of the 12 at-home viewers were assigned to each of the six on-air contestants as partners. While one of the six who appeared on the game show won the grand prize, his or her two home ""partners"" would win $500 each. Each of the remaining five on-air contestants would receive at least $1,000, and their partners would receive $100. During the TV show, the six contestants would face a game board with 36 numbered panels. Each panel would reveal a plus or minus dollar amount (scores"

67

$100,000 Fortune Hunt

could never go below zero); players would try to accumulate the most money by randomly selecting panels. There would be special panels such as bankrupt, lose a turn, wipeout, and double. The player who collects the highest prize amount after five rounds was declared the winner and received the $100,000 grand prize. The other contestants, one at a time, would then be given a choice to keep their total winnings or trade them for a choice of prizes (hidden behind 12 numbered panels). These ranged from cash amounts totaling between $1,000 and $10,000 to merchandise such as rooms of furniture,

68

$100,000 Fortune Hunt

trips, a big screen television, a camcorder combo, and many others. These rules only lasted the first seven months the show was on the air. Afterwards, the losing contestants got to keep whatever money they earned in the game, with a minimum of $1,500 if they didn't have that much. At the end of each show, hostess Kollmeyer drew six tickets at random from a revolving drum. The players who purchased those tickets were selected as the contestants for the next show. Other spaces included: At the end of the game, the player in the lead won the $100,000. During

69

$100,000 Fortune Hunt

the final season, the winner returned the following Saturday for up to five weeks. If the game ended in a tie, another round was played with the tied players, with the bigger dollar amount winning the game and the jackpot. On April 14, 1990, a new scratch-ticket was introduced with a new home-player rule. Each contestant would be designated with a letter from A-F from left to right. Later on, the contestants were also given letters from G-L, again from left to right. At the end of the show, home viewers would be given a chance to win $100 playing

70

$100,000 Fortune Hunt

the at-home Bonus Play game. The winning contestant spun a wheel with 10 spaces numbered 0-9. The winning number would consist of the $100,000 winner's letter(s) followed by a 4-digit number which the studio contestant created with four spins of the Bonus Play wheel. Any home viewer whose Bonus Play ticket number matched the contestant's letter and the 4 digits in the order they were spun would win $100. All Bonus Play tickets were good to last forever, so home viewers could keep them for the next drawing whether they were winners or not. Sometime in the show's second season,

71

$100,000 infield

"The $100,000 infield was the infield of the Philadelphia Athletics in the early 1910s. The $100,000 infield consisted of first baseman Stuffy McInnis, second baseman Eddie Collins, shortstop Jack Barry and third baseman Frank Baker. According to the ""Encyclopædia Britannica"", the nickname reflects ""the purported combined market value of the foursome,"" which is equivalent to about $ million in . Baseball historian Bill James rated the 1914 edition of the $100,000 infield the greatest infield of all time, and also ranked the 1912 and 1913 editions in the top five all time. The $100,000 infield helped the Athletics win four"

72

$100,000 infield

American League championships in five years—, , and —and win the World Series in 1910, 1911 and 1913. The group was broken up after losing the 1914 World Series as a result of the financial pressures resulting from the emergence of the Federal League. Two members—Collins and Baker—have been inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Collins was the first member of the $100,000 infield to join the Athletics. He debuted on September 17, 1906, after playing college ball at Columbia University. In 1906 and 1907, he played 20 games for the Athletics, mostly at shortstop. In 1908, he took

73

$100,000 infield

over as the Athletics' regular second baseman, replacing Danny Murphy, who moved to the outfield. During the $100,000 infield years from 1910 to 1914, he played 738 games, getting 922 hits in 2,677 at bats for a batting average of .344. He led the American League in runs in 1912, 1913 and 1914, stolen bases in 1910, singles in 1913 and times on base in 1914. He also finished in the top ten in the American League in batting average, on-base percentage, hits, stolen bases, singles and times on base every year from 1910 through 1914. In addition, he finished

74

$100,000 infield

in the top ten in American Most Valuable Player voting every year from 1911 through 1914, winning the Most Valuable Player award in 1914. He was sold to the Chicago White Sox after the 1914 season as Athletics' manager Connie Mack attempted to respond to the financial pressures brought on by the newly formed Federal League, breaking up the $100,000 infield. He returned to Mack and the Athletics in 1927, finishing his career playing 12 games for the Athletics in their 1929 and 1930 World Championship seasons. He was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1939. Barry was the

75

$100,000 infield

next to join the Athletics, debuting on July 13, 1908, after playing for the College of the Holy Cross. Between 1910 and 1914, Barry played 686 games for the Athletics, getting 607 hits in 2,334 at bats for a batting average of .260. He finished in the American League top ten in sacrifice hits every year from 1911 through 1914, and ranked fifth in the American League in runs batted in in 1913. But his primary contributions were on defense, where he had a strong arm, enormous range and sure hands, and was able to work out innovative plays with

76

$100,000 infield

his good friend Collins, such as a defense against the double steal. He finished in the top 20 in Most Valuable Player voting every year from 1911 through 1914, with his best showing a ninth-place finish in 1913. He was sold to the Boston Red Sox in the middle of the 1915 season, where he moved to second base and played on the Red Sox' 1915 and 1916 World Championship teams. He missed the Red Sox 1918 Championship season due to service in the U.S. Navy. Baker also joined the Athletics in 1908, debuting on September 21. He became the

77

$100,000 infield

Athletics regular third baseman in 1909, and led the American League in triples that season. Between 1910 and 1914, Baker played 742 games for the Athletics, getting 929 hits in 2,864 at bats for a batting average of .324. He led the American League in home runs every year from 1911 through 1914, and led the league in runs batted in during 1912 and 1913. He also finished in the top ten in batting average, slugging percentage, on-base percentage and times on base every year from 1911 through 1914, and finished in the top ten in runs scored, hits, doubles,

78

$100,000 infield

"total bases, extra base hits and runs batted in every year from 1910 through 1914. He finished in the top ten in the American League Most Valuable Player voting every year from 1911 through 1914, finishing third in 1914, his highest showing. Baker was the hero of the 1911 World Series, hitting two home runs to help the Athletics win the series, which earned him the nickname ""Home Run"" Baker. Baker held out the 1915 season when manager and owner Connie Mack refused to increase his salary, and was sold to the New York Yankees in 1916 after American League"

79

$100,000 infield

president Ban Johnson intervened. He finished his career as the third baseman for the Yankees pennant-winning teams in 1921 and 1922. Baker was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1955. McInnis was the final member of the $100,000 infield to join. He started his career as an 18-year-old little-used backup infielder for the Athletics in 1909, and played a little more in 1910. In 1909 and 1910, he played more games backing up Barry at shortstop than at any other position. Before the 1911 season, Mack decided to make McInnis his regular first baseman, replacing the popular veteran Harry

80

$100,000 infield

Davis, although McInnis did have to begin the season as the Athletics' shortstop when Barry became ill before taking over at first base. Defensively as a first baseman, he was known for having exceptional reach. Between 1910 and 1914, McInnis played 614 games for the Athletics, getting 715 hits in 2,228 at bats for a batting average of .321. He led the American League in singles in 1914, and finished in the top ten in batting average, hits, total bases, runs batted in and singles every year from 1912 through 1914. In both 1912 and 1913, he also finished in

81

$100,000 infield

the top ten in slugging percentage and on-base percentage. He received Most Valuable Player votes every season from 1911 through 1914, finishing seventh in both 1913 and 1914. McInnis is the only member of the $100,000 infield to remain with the Athletics beyond 1915. He was eventually traded to the Boston Red Sox in 1918 in exchange for Larry Gardner, Hick Cady and Tilly Walker, where he played on Boston's 1918 World Championship team. He also reteamed with Barry on the 1919 Boston Red Sox. Before finishing his career in 1927 he also played with the Cleveland Indians, Boston Braves,

82

$2 billion arms deal

The $2 billion arms deal is an arms procurement deal in Nigeria that resulted in the embezzlement of $2 billion through the office of the National Security Adviser under the leadership of Colonel Sambo Dasuki, the former National Security Adviser. The illegal deal was revealed following an interim report of the presidential investigations committee on arms procurement under the Goodluck Jonathan administration. The committee report showed an extra-budgetary spending to the tune of N643.8 billion and an additional spending of about $2.2 billion in the foreign currency component under the Goodluck Jonathan administration. Preliminary investigation suggested that about $2 billion

83

$2 billion arms deal

may have been disbursed for the procurement of arms to fight against Islamic insurgency in Nigeria. The investigative report indicated that a total sum of $2.2 billion was inexplicably disbursed into the office of the National Security Adviser in procurement of arms to fight against insurgency, but was not spent for that purpose. Several reports suggested that part of the disbursed fund was diverted for the sponsoring of the re-election of Goodluck Jonathan, the former President of Nigeria. Investigations on this illegal deal led to the arrest of Shaibu Salisu, a former Director of Finance in the office of the

84

$2 billion arms deal

National Security Adviser. He was arrested by the Department of State Security Services and following interrogations he claimed to have acted on Colonel Dasuki's order. Colonel Dasuki was arrested on 1 December 2015 by the Department of State Security Services and transferred to the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission for further interrogation. In a written statement, he mentioned several notable Nigerians who were involved in the arms procurement deal. Chief Raymond Dokpesi, the chair emeritus of DAAR Communications Plc, was mentioned in connection with the deal alongside Attahiru Bafarawa, the former Governor of Sokoto State, and Bashir Yuguda, the former

85

$2 billion arms deal

Minister of State for Finance. The arms procurement investigative committee was inaugurated on 31 August 2015 by President Muhammadu Buhari to investigate the procurement of ammunition to fight against insurgency during the administration of Goodluck Ebele Jonathan. The interim report of the committee revealed several illicit and fraudulent financial transactions. The report revealed an extra-budgetary spending to the tune of N643.8 billion and inexplicable spending of about $2.2 billion in the foreign currency component under the Goodluck Jonathan administration. This amount excluded grants received by the state governments and funds received by the Directorate of State Services and the Nigerian

86

$2 billion arms deal

Police Force. The committee analyzed how funds were transferred to the office of the National Security Adviser and the Nigerian Armed Forces in local and foreign currencies. The committee observed that about $2.2 billion was disbursed for the procurement of ammunition to tackle insurgency but regretted that despite this enormous financial transactions, little or nothing was spent for the procurement of the arms for which the fund was disbursed. The committee discovered that out of the 513 contracts awarded at $8,356,525,184.32, ₦2,189,265,724,404.55 and £54,000.00, about 53 were failed contracts amounting to about $2,378,939,066.27 and ₦13,729,342,329.87 respectively. The committee also noted

87

$2 billion arms deal

that the amount of foreign currencies spent on failed contracts was more than twice the $1 billion loan approved by the National Assembly for borrowing from the World bank to fight insurgency. The investigative committee also discovered a total transfer of ₦3.850 billion to a single company by Colonel Dansuki, the former National Security Adviser. These transactions were made with neither agreements nor fulfilment of tax obligations to the Federal Government of Nigeria. Further investigation by the committee provided evidence that phantom and fictitious contracts to the tune of ₦2,219,188,609.50, $1,671,742,613.58 and £9,905,477.00 was awarded between March 2012 and March

88

$2 billion arms deal

2015 by Colonel Dasuki. In addition, the funds disbursed for the purchase of 12 helicopters, 4 Alpha Jets, bombs and other ammunition were not utilized for those purposes. The committee also noted that Dansuki directed the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to transfer a total sum of $132,050,486.97 dollars and £9,905,473.5 to the accounts of the Societe D'equipmente Internationaux in West Africa, the UK, and the US with no documentation. Subsequent to this investigative committee's interim report, President Muhammadu Buhari ordered the arrest of Colonel Dasuki on alleged siphoning of billions of dollars allocated for the procurement of arms. He

89

$2 billion arms deal

also ordered the arrest of all those indicted. Several notable Nigerians were involved in the arms procurement deals, including Chief Raymond Dopesi, the chair emeritus of DAAR Communications PLC, alongside Attahiru Bafarawa, the former Governor of Sokoto State and Bashir Yuguda, the former Minister of State for Finance. Sambo Dasuki masterminded the arms procurement deal. On 17 November 2015, President Muhammadu Buhari ordered the arrest of Colonel Dasuki, the former National Security Adviser, on alleged siphoning of the arms procurement funds. Dasuki claimed that ordering his arrest by the President is illegal. He denied that he was invited by the

90

$2 billion arms deal

"investigation committee on issues related to arms procurement. According to ""Premium Times"", Dansuki said ""I have never been invited formally or informally to appear before the panel. I am therefore not only surprised but embarrassed by the seeming indictment by the panel purportedly operating from the office of the National Security Adviser that never contacted me"". Prior to ordering his arrest by the president for siphoning the arms procurement fund, on 19 July 2015, the operative of the Department of State Security Service stormed his residence at Abuja and confiscated his international passport. He was charged with unlawful possession of"

91

$2 billion arms deal

"firearms and foreign currencies. On 3 November 2015, Justice Adeniyi Ademola, the presiding Judge of the Federal High Court sitting in Abuja, ordered the DSS to release his passport to enable in travel for medical attention. Despite this ruling, the DSS prevented him from traveling abroad by putting him under a house arrest insisting that Dasuki have some questions to answer on the $2 billion arms procurement deal. On 18 November 2015, a US-based newspaper, ""The Washington Times"", in a report entitled ""Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari Dupes the US"", criticized President Muhammadu Buhari for putting Dasuki house under siege and"

92

$2 billion arms deal

"for declining the order of the court permitting Dasuki to travel for medical attention. The newspaper described Buhari's action as an attempt to destroy his political opponents like Dasuki with tyrannical methods. In the same vein, Alhaji Tanko Yakasai, a former Liaison Officer to President Shehu Shagari and a founding member of the Arewa Consultative Forum, and Frederick Fasehun, a leader of the Oodua Peoples Congress, berated President Muhammadu Buhari for putting Dasuki's house under siege and for disobeying the court order. Both leaders described Buhari's action as ""deliberate neglect of the rule of law or re-introduction of subtle autocracy"

93

$2 billion arms deal

"in the leadership of the country"". They described Buhari's anti-corruption war as ""selective"" Yakassai said, ""Since President Buhari and the Attorney General have decided to disobey the court order which says that Col. Sambo Dasuki be allowed to travel abroad for medical attention, it means that Buhari is all out on a revenge mission."" Fredrick Fasheun said, ""Where a court order has been given and the President flouts the court order, how can you claim change in the democracy, except change from democracy to autocracy, as we are seeing now."" On 1 December 2015, Colonel Dasuki was arrested by the"

94

$2 billion arms deal

Department of State Security Services and transferred to the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission for further interrogation. Prior to Dasuki's arrest, Shaibu Salisu, a former Director of Finance in the office of the National Security Adviser, was arrested by the Department of the State Security Services and following interrogations he claimed to have acted on Colonel Dasuki's order which led to Dasuki's arrest. After Dasuki was transferred to the EFCC, he initially decided not to comment on the issue or write any statement, claiming that he had been subjected to media trial. The EFCC operatives then issued Dasuki a copy

95

$2 billion arms deal

"of the statement made by Shaibu Salisu, a statement that seemed rather implicating. Dasuki was shocked by Salisu's confessional statement. According to ""The Nation"", Colonel Dasuki said, ""You mean Salisu wrote all these! You mean he said these! Give me a pen and paper."" Dasuki gave a long list of people involved in the deal. He mentioned Chief Raymond Dopesi, the chair emeritus of DAAR Communications Plc, alongside Attahiru Bafarawa, the former Governor of Sokoto State, and Bashir Yuguda, the former Minister of State for Finance. On 1 December 2015, Chief Raymond Dopesi, the Chair Emeritus of Daar Communication PLC,"

96

$2 billion arms deal

was arrested at his residence in Abuja by the EFCC in connections with the arms procurement deal having been mentioned by Colonel Dasuki. Preliminary evidence showed that Chief Dopesi received ₦2.1 billion between October 2014 and March 2015 from the office of the National Security Adviser with no coherent reasons for the financial transaction. Chief Dopesi, said the ₦2.1 billion received from the Office of the National Security Adviser was payment for media and political campaign for the re-election of President Goodluck Jonathan. On Tuesday, 8 December 2015, Chief Dokpesi was arraigned by the Federal Government of Nigeria before a

97

$2 billion arms deal

federal high court sitting in Abuja on six count charges of money laundering and other financial crimes. The prosecutor maintained that the transfer of a total sum of ₦2.1 billion between October 2014 and March 2015 from the office of the National Security Adviser breaches section 58 (4) (b) of the Public Procurement Act 2007 and punishable under Section 58 (6) and (7) of the same Act, as well as under Section 17 (b) of the EFCC Act, 2004. Dokpesi plead not guilty of the charges and requested the court to grant him bail on liberal terms. The case was

98

$2 billion arms deal

adjourned till 10 December 2015 to consider his bail request. The presiding judge, Justice Gabriel Kolawole, ordered the EFCC to detain him pending the determination of his bail application. On 10 December 2015, Rotimi Jacob, counsel to the EFCC, argued that granting Dokpesi bail would truncate the trial application for bail. Having heard from the prosecutor and defence counsel, Justice Kolawole adjourned the hearing for the bail application till 14 December 2015. He slated 17 February, 18 February and 2 March, 3 March 2016 to commence the hearing on the six count charges slammed against him. On 14 December 2015,

99

$2 billion arms deal

Justice Gabriel Kolawole ruled that Chief Dokpesi should be granted a bail in the sum of ₦400 million with two surety in like sum. He said the first surety must be a retired or serving director in the civil service and the second surety must be a private investor with a track record of tax payment in the last 3 years. He maintain that Dokpesi should remain in Kuje Prison until the bail conditions are met. He also ordered the EFCC not to re-arrest him after the bail for interrogation for more than 8 hours and 30 minutes. Prior to