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argument
stringlengths
35
245
topic
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1 value
WA
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MACE-P
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stance_WA
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stance_WA_conf
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0.34
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"marriage" isn't keeping up with the times. abandon the old thinking and bring something that incorporates all unions - not just those with a man and woman.
We should abandon marriage
train
0.846165
0.297659
1
1
.a multi-party system would be too confusing and getting a consensus from the general public would be difficult.
We should adopt a multi-party system
train
0.891271
0.726133
-1
1
`people reach their limit when it comes to their quality of life and should be able to end their suffering. this can be done with little or no suffering by assistance and the person is able to say good bye.
Assisted suicide should be a criminal offence
train
0.730395
0.225212
-1
1
100% agree, should they do that, it would be a good thing
We should abolish safe spaces
train
0.236686
0.004104
1
0.805517
A ban on naturopathy creates a cohesive front between scientists and the government that can combat the anti-science rhetoric of naturopathic industries.
We should ban naturopathy
train
0.753805
0.337724
1
1
A ban would be disasterous for the surrogate mothers. Surrogacy will happenn anyway, because the need for it exists, but there will be no health and legal standards for the proccess.
Surrogacy should be banned
train
1
0.963667
-1
1
A ban would be inffective, people who want a baby so badly, will find a way to go through with it. Either illegaly or in some foresaken country which doesn't ban it.
Surrogacy should be banned
train
0.467092
0.041721
-1
0.907113
a ban would only increase the already concerning trend to go to dangerous surgeons abroad
We should ban cosmetic surgery
train
0.981812
0.971312
-1
1
A basic principle of punishment is that it should be proportional to the crime, and therefore capital punishment is the only legitimate response to a crime such as first degree murder.
We should abolish capital punishment
train
1
0.992867
-1
0.928447
a birth defect or a disfiguring injury can highly impact someone's self esteem, with parental permission minors should have the opportunity to correct this.
We should ban cosmetic surgery for minors
train
0.951107
0.939253
-1
0.928337
a child cannot just walk into a cosmetic surgeons and get unnecessary surgery, parental consent and medical regulations are in place to ensure this is only conducted safely and on worthy cases of deformity
We should ban cosmetic surgery for minors
train
0.901065
0.972616
-1
0.60746
a child is a gift and should be cherished for whatever sex they are
We should legalize sex selection
train
0.478143
0.001904
-1
1
a child is still growing, physically and mentally, cosmetic surgery should not be considered until they are an adult and able to make these decisions
We should ban cosmetic surgery for minors
train
1
0.714955
1
1
a child's body is still developing and the faults that a child sees in themselves may resolve when they're an adult
We should ban cosmetic surgery for minors
train
1
0.998987
1
1
a child's value should not be based upon their sex. they are human no matter what.
We should legalize sex selection
train
0.652757
0.015382
-1
1
a city is the best place for people to have what they need near by
We should fight urbanization
train
0.683462
0.161096
-1
1
A collectivist culture cultivates desirable values such as being kind, generous, and attentive to the needs of others.
We should oppose collectivism
train
0.885477
0.957329
-1
0.891702
a college degree is no longer a guarantee that you will have a job nor is it even required for decent careers anymore. it is a waste of money as most degrees are becoming obsolete.
We should subsidize student loans
train
0.820296
0.645739
-1
0.928228
a college education is too expensive for most people to afford. yet, it is almost a requirement to get a great job. by helping to pay student loans we are also helping our economy and providing better jobs.
We should subsidize student loans
train
0.885956
0.938526
1
1
a company can pay an executive anything it wants. if the person is a great value to his company his salary no matter how high is worth it.
We should limit executive compensation
train
0.910805
0.753565
-1
1
a company can pay higher to their employees if executive compensation is limited
We should limit executive compensation
train
0.543412
0.015684
1
0.905081
a company has the right to determine how much executive compensation that they can pay out.
We should limit executive compensation
train
0.62943
0.135288
-1
0.901446
a company should be able to decide on their own how much they want to pay any of their employees
We should limit executive compensation
train
0.881837
0.969037
-1
1
a company should be able to pay whatever they need to to attract the right talent. they will only pay what the market determines the person is worth.
We should limit executive compensation
train
0.798561
0.410583
-1
0.77024
a compulsory vote we make everyone contribute their opinion.
We should introduce compulsory voting
train
0.639373
0.009431
1
1
a consumer doesn't know what's really in natural remedies since there is no regulation
We should ban naturopathy
train
1
0.91679
1
1
a cosmetic procedure may be necessary for a horribly scarred child.
We should ban cosmetic surgery for minors
train
0.808176
0.684454
-1
1
A country is entitled to develop any weapon that will help it defend itself against an enemy.
We should fight for the abolition of nuclear weapons
train
0.693321
0.807196
-1
1
a country should have the right to defend itself in whatever way it sees fit even if they do not intend to use nuclear weapons.
We should fight for the abolition of nuclear weapons
train
0.867679
0.757895
-1
1
A country with a diverse population is better represented by a multi-party system.
We should adopt a multi-party system
train
0.867024
0.999748
1
1
A couple doesn't have to bind themselves legally to one another, by marrying, to prove their love.
We should abandon marriage
train
0.729709
0.180185
1
1
a cure or treatment may be discovered shortly after having ended someone's life unnecessarily.
Assisted suicide should be a criminal offence
train
0.830768
0.603442
1
1
a democratic and free society is said to respect bodily autonomy, therefore we should have the right to do what we want with our organs, including using them in a legal organ trade
We should legalize organ trade
train
1
0.928966
1
1
a disadvantage of naturopathy is when natural medicines are taken to treat medical conditions without seeking qualified medical help
We should ban naturopathy
train
0.786455
0.35989
1
1
a father figure that takes an active role in their child's life has a positive effect on the child
We should subsidize stay-at-home dads
train
0.572806
0.082786
1
0.610691
a father is entitled to sacrifice his work for time with his new-born, but this is a lifestyle choice and should be self-funded, not financially supported by the tax payer.
We should subsidize stay-at-home dads
train
1
0.972989
-1
0.601571
a few loud mouths should not be able to change years of law
We should limit judicial activism
train
0.402225
0.000033
1
1
A flag is just a symbol and carries no real meaning in and of itself. Therefore, burning it is not a big deal.
We should prohibit flag burning
train
0.866673
0.783846
-1
0.896017
a flag is mass produced and has no added commercial value other than the material it is made with
We should prohibit flag burning
train
0.603874
0.133358
-1
0.745388
a flag is no more than a symbol, if flag burning were banned you would have to ban the burning of football shirts, etc
We should prohibit flag burning
train
1
0.944616
-1
1
a flag is only a piece of cloth and there is no prohibition against burning cloth
We should prohibit flag burning
train
0.61095
0.000934
-1
1
a flag is only a symbol and permitting burning it as an expression of anger is free speech
We should prohibit flag burning
train
0.837811
0.820764
-1
1
a flag is only really a peace of cloth and doesn't actually hurt anybody.
We should prohibit flag burning
train
0.508057
0.013246
-1
1
a flag symbolizes a country and by burning it you are showing disrespect
We should prohibit flag burning
train
0.95876
0.908158
1
1
a gender neutral language should be adopted so that conversations and language would be fair for everyone.
We should adopt gender-neutral language
train
1
0.916761
1
1
a gender neutral language would improve gender equality
We should adopt gender-neutral language
train
0.723601
0.314975
1
1
a gender-neutral language is what we should all learn to speak, it will help dealing with racism and other social issues
We should adopt gender-neutral language
train
0.696053
0.233865
1
1
a gender-neutral language would take hundreds of years to adopt to and therefore should be abandoned
We should adopt gender-neutral language
train
0.717421
0.345163
-1
1
A good portion of the telemarketers these days are not even human and this is illegal and Immoral
We should ban telemarketing
train
0.590753
0.000238
1
1
A government-funded Wikipedia would become a government-controlled Wikipedia.
We should subsidize Wikipedia
train
1
0.998893
-1
1
a group can function more effectively and with greater impact when working together as opposed to individually
We should oppose collectivism
train
0.649439
0.061585
-1
0.929384
a group of collective thoughts in line with one stance makes it greater.
We should oppose collectivism
train
0.51593
0.011339
-1
1
a high turnout is important for a proper democratic mandate and the functioning of democracy
We should introduce compulsory voting
train
1
0.99096
1
1
a human being at death can help others to live and through organ trade help their families live
We should legalize organ trade
train
0.776603
0.174781
1
0.926548
a human rights activist spoke out that people should not be racially profiled because they belonged to a certain group or have different colors.
We should end racial profiling
train
0.467666
0.010998
1
1
a judge allowing their own personal feelings to become involved in a ruling cause said ruling to be unfair.
We should limit judicial activism
train
0.886716
0.943759
1
1
a judge is a credible voted in individual whose decisions should be trusted.
We should limit judicial activism
train
0.796515
0.258393
-1
1
a judge is merely supposed to interpret whether legal issues are constitutional -- judicial activism is effectively legislating from the bench, which exceeds what the judicial branch is allowed to do.
We should limit judicial activism
train
0.733259
0.768438
1
0.712282
a judge is not god and therefore should not make all of the decisions.
We should limit judicial activism
train
0.645038
0.014375
1
1
a judge is suppose to be held in a high regard and should abide by the laws they took an oath to uphold without bias.
We should limit judicial activism
train
0.850496
0.711095
1
0.803354
a judge is suppose to uphold the rule of law, not alter it with their own opinions/views/beliefs.
We should limit judicial activism
train
1
0.894755
1
1
a judge should be allowed to determine the constitutionality of an argument by using their own beliefs in part.
We should limit judicial activism
train
0.90926
0.950336
-1
0.898033
a judge shouldnt be able to show their personal views.
We should limit judicial activism
train
0.618885
0.060952
1
0.788941
a judges opinion should not be relevant in a decision that they make as a judge
We should limit judicial activism
train
0.896426
0.528725
1
0.904557
a judge's opinion should not take precedent over official laws.
We should limit judicial activism
train
1
0.938968
1
1
a judge's role is not to flaunt laws and override guidance but to enforce it. judicial activism is a step too far
We should limit judicial activism
train
1
0.900997
1
1
a jusge should be allowed to look at a crime and the situation the person was subjected to in regards to their acts as the punishment should be determined in regards to an individual situation.
We should limit judicial activism
train
0.702202
0.239941
-1
0.702269
a jusge should be allowed to make decisions based on certain situations and circumstances and make judgement using the information and issues presented rather than a strict generalized standard.
We should limit judicial activism
train
0.762386
0.211899
-1
1
a jusge should follow the law rather than opnion as they are regarded as the highest power to judicate the laws they honor to serve and uphold.
We should limit judicial activism
train
0.900073
0.505571
1
0.810455
a key advantage of a multi-party system is that voters have a choice of which political party they can choose to elect.
We should adopt a multi-party system
train
0.977855
0.775434
1
1
a lack of confidence due to appearance can have a crippling impact on poeple's lives and cosmetic surgery can help reduce this.
We should ban cosmetic surgery
train
0.943026
0.982728
-1
1
a lack of control means there is nobody to step in if it goes wrong
We should stop the development of autonomous cars
train
0.670776
0.050557
1
1
a lack of voting leads to a situation were their isn't fair representation in parliament.
We should introduce compulsory voting
train
1
0.926138
1
1
a language that does not include gender takes away from the personality of people.
We should adopt gender-neutral language
train
0.663691
0.258452
-1
1
a larger group of people can often offer more value with power in numbers. there is more value to a large group with more ideas and more manpower.
We should oppose collectivism
train
0.744155
0.365298
-1
1
a legal organ trade would boost the availability of transplant organs and save lives
We should legalize organ trade
train
0.916926
0.985872
1
1
a legalised organ trade would dramatically improve the stock of transplant organs, saving lives.
We should legalize organ trade
train
1
0.999938
1
1
a legalised organ trade would increase the amount of stock available for medical procedures, and allow the procedure to become safer and more regulated.
We should legalize organ trade
train
1
0.881625
1
1
a legalised trade would disproportionately harm those from poorer economic backgrounds, legitimising the huge medical risks involved.
We should legalize organ trade
train
0.790331
0.779497
-1
0.927667
A legalized market would exploit the poor who, as a result of financial problems, would be the ones most likely to sell their organs.
We should legalize organ trade
train
1
0.998937
-1
1
a lifestyle that does not hurt others should be legal
We should legalize polygamy
train
0.461355
0.017399
1
1
a lot more work and research could get done if we abandoned television.
We should abandon television
train
0.766087
0.380685
1
1
a lot of gender neutral language assumes the male version of the word as the newly accepted neutral word. this doesn’t make it neutral, just assumes the male is best.
We should adopt gender-neutral language
train
0.560943
0.03074
-1
0.411606
a lot of naturopaths suggest things without scientific backing, which may harm the patient.
We should ban naturopathy
train
1
0.884242
1
1
a lot of the criminals fit a specific ethnicity so for security purposes and saving lives police should be allowed to racially profile in exchange for a little bit of suffering
We should end racial profiling
train
0.81159
0.842492
-1
0.889348
a lot of times the physical and emotional after effects of cosmetic surgery defeat the main purpose of getting the surgery.
We should ban cosmetic surgery
train
1
0.825804
1
1
a lot of times, people who homeschool aren't qualified to teach all the subjects needed for a high school diploma.
Homeschooling should be banned
train
1
0.722115
1
1
a lot of what they do is dangerous including opposing vaccines.
We should ban naturopathy
train
0.835787
0.742304
1
1
a lot of woman who prostitute themselves were sexually assaulted themselves so it may be better to have better options.
We should legalize prostitution
train
0.63619
0.075839
1
0.583335
a low turn out means that the elected government does not represent the true wishes of the country. making voting compulsory would mean that an elected government had a true mandate.
We should introduce compulsory voting
train
1
0.981713
1
1
a majority of students are unable to pay for the high cost of attending college
We should subsidize student loans
train
1
0.772791
1
1
a man or woman has the right to do what they wish with their body, and if they choose to sell it for sex, the government should not interfere.
We should legalize prostitution
train
1
0.896834
1
0.808369
a mandatory retirement age allows employers to be able to bring fresh talent into their workforce
We should end mandatory retirement
train
0.592857
0.555817
-1
1
A mandatory retirement age ensures that at least some positions open up in a given profession on a predictable basis, allowing younger workers to enter as older workers exit
We should end mandatory retirement
train
0.907162
0.999363
-1
0.824164
a mandatory retirement age helps employers regularly refresh the workforce with fresh talent
We should end mandatory retirement
train
0.517058
0.202322
-1
1
a man's place is in the workforce to provide for his family. why should anyone else have to pay for that guy's family just because he doesn't want to go to work?
We should subsidize stay-at-home dads
train
0.495054
0.001757
-1
1
a marriage is a piece of paper, nothing more.
We should abandon marriage
train
0.639853
0.043429
1
0.90047
A miniature arms race between missile defense developers and missile developers creates an arms race that costs a massive amount to any state with either industry.
We should fight for the abolition of nuclear weapons
train
0.599073
0.002113
1
1
a minor does not have the mental and emotional development needed to make decisions that have long term effects
We should ban cosmetic surgery for minors
train
0.979064
0.969869
1
1
a minor is in no way responsible enough to make the decision of getting cosmetic surgery. you see too many kids doing it because they want to look like a pop idol fad. it is dangerous.
We should ban cosmetic surgery for minors
train
0.848459
0.841666
1
1

Dataset Card for Argument-Quality-Ranking-30k Dataset

Dataset Summary

Argument Quality Ranking

The dataset contains 30,497 crowd-sourced arguments for 71 debatable topics labeled for quality and stance, split into train, validation and test sets.

The dataset was originally published as part of our paper: A Large-scale Dataset for Argument Quality Ranking: Construction and Analysis.

Argument Topic

This subset contains 9,487 of the arguments only with their topics with a different train-validation-test split. Usage of this subset TBA.

Dataset Collection

Argument Collection

For the purpose of collecting arguments for this dataset we conducted a crowd annotation task. We selected 71 common controversial topics for which arguments were collected (e.g., We should abolish capital punishment). Annotators were presented with a single topic each time, and asked to contribute one supporting and one contesting argument for it, requiring arguments to be written using original language. To motivate high-quality contributions, contributors were informed they will receive extra payment for high quality arguments, as determined by the subsequent argument quality labeling task. It was explained that an argument will be considered as a high quality one, if a person preparing a speech on the topic will be likely to use this argument as is in her speech. We place a limit on argument length - a minimum of 35 characters and a maximum of 210 characters. In total, we collected 30,497 arguments from 280 contributors, each contributing no more than 6 arguments per topic.

Quality and Stance Labeling

Annotators were presented with a binary question per argument, asking if they would recommend a friend to use that argument as is in a speech supporting/contesting the topic, regardless of personal opinion. In addition, annotators were asked to mark the stance of the argument towards the topic (pro or con). 10 annotators labeled each instance.

Dataset Structure

Each instance contains a string argument, a string topic, and quality and stance scores:

  • WA - the quality label according to the weighted-average scoring function
  • MACE-P - the quality label according to the MACE-P scoring function
  • stance_WA - the stance label according to the weighted-average scoring function
  • stance_WA_conf - the confidence in the stance label according to the weighted-average scoring function

Quality Labels

For an explanation of the quality labels presented in columns WA and MACE-P, please see section 4 in the paper.

Stance Labels

There were three possible annotations for the stance task: 1 (pro), -1 (con) and 0 (neutral). The stance_WA_conf column refers to the weighted-average score of the winning label. The stance_WA column refers to the winning stance label itself.

Licensing Information

The datasets are released under the following licensing and copyright terms:

Citation Information

@article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1911-11408,
  author       = {Shai Gretz and
                  Roni Friedman and
                  Edo Cohen{-}Karlik and
                  Assaf Toledo and
                  Dan Lahav and
                  Ranit Aharonov and
                  Noam Slonim},
  title        = {A Large-scale Dataset for Argument Quality Ranking: Construction and
                  Analysis},
  journal      = {CoRR},
  volume       = {abs/1911.11408},
  year         = {2019},
  url          = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.11408},
  eprinttype    = {arXiv},
  eprint       = {1911.11408},
  timestamp    = {Tue, 03 Dec 2019 20:41:07 +0100},
  biburl       = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-1911-11408.bib},
  bibsource    = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}
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