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Is sternotomy closure done using either a sternal ZipFix™ implant or conventional steel wire following cardiac surgery?

Yes, closure of the sternum following cardiac surgery can be done using a wire closure or sternal ZipFix™ a cable-tie-based system which is fast, easy to use, reliable and safe.

What is the effect of Carbendazim on bees?

Carbendazim is an environmental risk factor that likely weakens bee colonies, partially due to reduced expression of major royal jelly proteins, which may be potential causes of colony collapse disorder.

When ceritinib used instead of crizotinib?

Ceritinib is approved for the treatment of ALK-positive metastatic NSCLC patients that are crizotinib-resistant and crizotinib-naïve.

List adenosine A2A receptor antagonists that are used for Parkinson's disease treatment.

Istradefylline and preladenant are adenosine A2A receptor antagonists that are used for Parkinson's disease treatment.

Which are the two main bacterial phyla in human gut?

Out of thousands of bacterial species-level phylotypes inhabiting the human gut, the majority belong to two dominant phyla, the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes

What is the most common histological diagnosis of "butterfly glioma"?

Butterfly glioma is glioblastoma multiforme invading corpus callosum .

Which histone mutations have been associated with pediatric gliomas?

About 80% of Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) cases and 70% of midline glioblastomas contain a mutation at one allele of the H3F3A gene (encoding histone H3 variant H3.3), replacing the lysine 27 with methionine (K27M). Moreover, approximately 30% of pediatric high grade gliomas (pedHGG) including GBM and DIPG harbor a lysine 27 mutation (K27M) in histone 3.3 (H3.3) which is correlated with poor outcome. Recent studies on high-grade pediatric GBM have identified two recurrent mutations (K27M and G34R/V) in genes encoding histone H3 (H3F3A for H3.3 and HIST1H3B for H3.1)

Which small molecules inhibit the c-Myc/Max dimerization?

Mycros are the first inhibitors of c-Myc/Max dimerization, which have been demonstrated to inhibit DNA binding of c-Myc with preference over other dimeric transcription factors in vitroMost Myc inhibitors prevent the association between Myc and its obligate heterodimerization partner Max via their respective bHLH-ZIP domainsPreviously we showed that two c-Myc-Max inhibitors, 10058-F4 and 10074-G5, bound to distinct ID regions of the monomeric c-Myc bHLHZip domainWe tested the efficacy of Mycro3, a small-molecule inhibitor of Myc-Max dimerizationIn a fluorescence polarization screen for the MYC-MAX interaction, we have identified a novel small-molecule inhibitor of MYC, KJ-Pyr-9, from a Kröhnke pyridine libraryWe have previously demonstrated that the small molecule 10058-F4, known to bind to the c-MYC bHLHZip dimerization domain and inhibiting the c-MYC/MAX interaction, also interferes with the MYCN/MAX dimerization in vitro and imparts anti-tumorigenic effects in neuroblastoma tumor models with MYCN overexpressionWe developed a series of small-molecule MYC inhibitors that engage MYC inside cells, disrupt MYC/MAX dimers, and impair MYC-driven gene expression.Inhibition of MYC/MAX dimerization by a small-molecule antagonist (IIA6B17) has been shown to interfere with MYC-induced transformation of chick embryo fibroblasts, suggesting that the functional inhibitors of the MYC family of oncoproteins have potential as therapeutic agents.

Which are the inhibitors of histone methyltransferases?

In general, histone methyltransferases (HMTs) have no widely approved high-throughput screening assay format, and therefore reference inhibitors are not available for many of the HMTs. However, there are several selective HMT inhibitors: Trichostatin A (TSA), BIX-01294 and its derivative TM2-115, 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,4-PDCA), 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), Psammaplin A (PsA) and Sulforaphane (SFN).

Is Marfan syndrome associated with chordal rupture?

Yes, chordal rupture was described in patients with Marfan syndrome.

Describe MSstatsTMT

MSstatsTMT is a general statistical approach for relative protein quantification in MS- based experiments with TMT labeling.

Is the protein Papilin secreted?

Yes, papilin is a secreted protein

Is esophageal adenocarcinoma associated with aberrant glycosylation?

Yes, Altered glycoprotein expression has been demonstrated in tissue from patients with Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer but the mechanisms regarding such changes are unknown.

In what proportion of children with heart failure has Enalapril been shown to be safe and effective?

In children with heart failure evidence of the effect of enalapril is empirical. Enalapril was clinically safe and effective in 50% to 80% of for children with cardiac failure secondary to congenital heart malformations before and after cardiac surgery, impaired ventricular function , valvar regurgitation, congestive cardiomyopathy, , arterial hypertension, life-threatening arrhythmias coexisting with circulatory insufficiency. ACE inhibitors have shown a transient beneficial effect on heart failure due to anticancer drugs and possibly a beneficial effect in muscular dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy, which deserves further studies.

Has FTY720 been considered for the treatment of stroke?

Yes, FTY720 is a strong candidate for stroke treatment.

Which are the classes of anti-arrhythmic drugs according to Vaughan-Williams classification?

Antiarrhythmic drugs can be divided into four Vaughan Williams classes (I-IV). Class I antiarrhythmic agents have as a common action, blockade of the sodium channels. Class II agents are antisympathetic drugs, particularly the beta-adrenoceptor blockers. Class-III antiarrhythmics have as a common action the potassium-channel blockade. Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs are calcium channel blockers.

What is the mode of action of primaquine?

Primaquine (PQ) not only eliminates P. falciparum gametocytes but also kills liver dormant forms of P. vivax and P. ovale.

What is the drug target(s) for Belsomra?

Belsomra is a dual orexin receptor antagonist for both the Ox1 and Ox2 receptors

Is statin use associated with improved outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Statin use after subarachnoid hemorrhage has been shown be associated with improved outcomes by some prospective clinical trials. It has been reported that statin use after subarachnoid hemorrhage reduced rates of vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, and mortality. However, other authors have failed to find beneficial effect of statin use in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.

Describe clinical manifestation of the Mal de debarquement syndrome.

Mal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS) is a disorder of chronic self-motion perception that occurs though entrainment to rhythmic background motion, such as from sea voyage, and involves the perception of low-frequency rocking that can last for months or years.

Does the 3D structure of the genome remain stable during cell differentiation?

Many studies have suggested a link between the spatial organization of genomes and fundamental biological processes such as genome reprogramming, gene expression, and differentiation. The open chromatin of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) condenses into repressive heterochromatin as cells exit the pluripotent state. The relation between alterations in chromatin structure and changes in gene expression during cell differentiation has served as a paradigm to understand the link between genome organization and function. Insulators are involved in 3D genome organization at multiple spatial scales and are important for dynamic reorganization of chromatin structure during reprogramming and differentiation. Architectural proteins orchestrate higher-order chromatin organization through the establishment of interactions between regulatory elements across multiple spatial scales. The regulation of these proteins, their interaction with DNA, and their co-occurrence in the genome, may be responsible for the plasticity of 3D chromatin architecture that dictates cell and time-specific blueprints of gene expression.

List the types of defensins expressed in humans.

Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that participate in the innate immunity of hosts. Humans constitutively and/or inducibly express α- and β-defensins, which are known for their antiviral and antibacterial activities.

Is the gene SLC6A2 associated with orthostatic intolerance?

Yes, variants of the SLC6A2 (or NET) gene are associated with orthostatic intolerance.

Reslizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to treat what specific type of asthma?

Reslizumab in the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma: an update.

Burosumab is used for treatment of which disease?

Burosumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed at fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), is indicated for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), a condition associated with excessive FGF23 production.

Are paralog genes co-regulated?

Paralog genes arise from gene duplication events during evolution, which often lead to similar proteins that cooperate in common pathways and in protein complexes. Consequently, paralogs show correlation in gene expression.

Can glyburide reduce cerebral edema?

Yes. Glyburide, a selective inhibitor of sulfonylurea receptor 1-transient receptor potential melastatin 4, is effective in preventing and attenuating cerebral edema.

Is golimumab effective for sarcoidosis?

No, golimumab is not effective for treatment of sarcoidosis.

Does nifedipine inhibit L-type calcium channels?

Yes, nifedipine is a typical blocker of L-type calcium channels.

Is corpus callosum involved in the Mowat–Wilson syndrome?

Yes, agenesis of the corpus callosum is common patients with Mowat–Wilson syndrome. Other characteristic features of Mowat–Wilson syndrome include typical facial features, moderate-to-severe mental retardation, epilepsy and variable congenital malformations, including Hirschsprung disease, genital anomalies, congenital heart disease, and eye defects.

What is Bexsero?

Bexsero is a 4-component vaccine against capsular Meningococcus serogroup B (4CMenB), which has recently been licensed in Europe, Canada and Australia.

What is the exoproteome?

Exoproteomics aims at describing and quantifying the proteins found outside of the cells.

Is Calcium/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) involved in cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure?

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase expressed abundantly in the heart. CaMKII targets numerous proteins involved in excitation-contraction coupling and excitability, and its activation may simultaneously contribute to heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias.

Can Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) recapitulate patient responses in the clinic?

Yes. Phenotypic and genotypic profiling of PDOs showed a high degree of similarity to the original patient tumors. Molecular profiling of tumor organoids was matched to drug-screening results, suggesting that PDOs could complement existing approaches in defining cancer vulnerabilities and improving treatment responses. In summary, PDOs can recapitulate patient responses in the clinic and could be implemented in personalized medicine programs.

Does radiotherapy for Hodgkin disease increases risk for lung cancer?

Yes, radiotherapy for Hodgkin disease is associated with increased risk for lung cancer.

Which gene is associated with the Mitchell-Riley syndrome?

Mutations in the gene coding for the transcription factor RFX6 (regulatory factor X,6) have been described as the cause of the Mitchell-Riley syndrome.

What kind of bonds are connecting keratin molecules?

cystine disulfide bonds amide bonds hydrogen bonds

Is G3BP1 found in stress granules?

Yes, RAS GTPase-activating protein-binding protein (G3BP1) is an RNA-binding protein that is essential for assembling stress granules.

What is the use of the Canadian C-Spine Rule?

The Canadian C-spine rule clinically clears cervical spine fracture without imaging.

What gene test is recommended for clopidogrel?

The genetic test recommended for clopidogrel is CYP2C19 genotyping.

Is there evidence for de novo genesis of enhancers in vertebrates?

Yes.

What is the ReliableGenome?

The increasing adoption of clinical whole-genome resequencing (WGS) demands for highly accurate and reproducible variant calling (VC) methods. The observed discordance between state-of-the-art VC pipelines, however, indicates that the current practice still suffers from non-negligible numbers of false positive and negative SNV and INDEL calls that were shown to be enriched among discordant calls but also in genomic regions with low sequence complexity. ReliableGenome is a method for partitioning genomes into high and low concordance regions with respect to a set of surveyed VC pipelines. It combines call sets derived by multiple pipelines from arbitrary numbers of datasets and interpolates expected concordance for genomic regions without data.

Can a peptide aptamer be used as protein inhibitor?

Yes, peptide aptamers can be used as inhibitors.

Is EuroQol 5-Dimension Health Assessment (EQ-5D) [a widely used, simple instrument that monitors the general health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic disease] a 5 question assessment?

The 6-question EuroQol 5-Dimension Health Assessment (EQ-5D) is a widely used, simple instrument that monitors general health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic disease.

Describe the involvement of conserved noncoding sequences in the regulation of Hox genes.

Comparisons of noncoding sequences of the elephant shark and human Hox clusters have identified a large number of conserved noncoding elements (CNEs), which represent putative cis-regulatory elements that may be involved in the regulation of Hox genes. The b-paralogs of the duplicated fugu Hox clusters are virtually devoid of unique ancient CNEs. Elephant shark and human Hox clusters have lost fewer ancient CNEs. If these ancient CNEs are indeed enhancers directing tissue-specific expression of Hox genes, divergence of their sequences in vertebrate lineages might have led to altered expression patterns and presumably the functions of their associated Hox genes. When compared, the amphioxus Hox cluster with the human HoxA, HoxB, HoxC, and HoxD clusters were found to have several conserved noncoding regions, both in intergenic and intronic regions. This suggests that the regulation of Hox genes is highly conserved across chordates, consistent with the similar Hox expression patterns in vertebrates and amphioxus.

Which diseases are associated with Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL)?

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is associated with: 1) Waldmann's disease and 2) Hennekam syndrome (HS).

Describe information obtained by immunophenotyping.

Mass cytomety enables comprehensive single-cell immunophenotyping and functional assessments, capturing the complexity of the immune system, and the molecularly heterogeneous consequences of primary immunodeficiency defects. Circulating B, T, and dendritic cells were defined using flow cytometric analysis as recommended by the Human Immunology Project Consortium. Clinical applications of flow cytometry currently utilized in the laboratory include cell surface antigen determinations or immunophenotyping of hematologic cells, DNA analysis of hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors, and measurement of CD4 (T helper/inducer cell) absolute counts and T helper/T suppressor (CD4/CD8) ratios in the evaluation of immune deficiency.

In which syndrome is the RPS19 gene most frequently mutated?

Ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19), currently the only gene associated with DBA, is mutated in 25% of DBA patients, but its role in erythropoiesis is unknown.

Which phenomenon is described as oncogene addiction?

Oncogene addiction describes the curious acquired dependence of tumor cells on an activated oncogene for their survival and/or proliferation, a phenomenon that has important implications for the success of targeted cancer therapies. However, the mechanisms explaining oncogene addiction remain elusive. We propose that addiction may be an illusion generated as a consequence of differential attenuation rates of prosurvival and proapoptotic signals emanating from an oncoprotein acutely following its inactivation. According to this model, which we call oncogenic shock, prosurvival signals dissipate quickly on oncoprotein inactivation whereas proapoptotic signals linger sufficiently long to commit the cell to an apoptotic death.

In which isochores are Alu elements enriched?

Alu elements are enriched in high GC% isochores due to reduced Alu loss by recombination in these regions. The frequency of Alu sequences increases with increasing GC, but attains a maximum in H2 isochores.

What does the Ribosome-bound Quality Control complex do?

Ribosome-bound Quality Control complex (RQC), which recognizes nascent peptides translated from aberrant mRNAs, polyubiquitylates these aberrant peptides, extracts them from the stalled 60S subunit and finally escorts them to the proteasome for degradation.

Under which conditions does AMPK phosphorylate TSC2?

The AMP-activated serine/threonine protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status found in all eukaryotes, and it is activated under conditions of low intracellular ATP following stresses such as nutrient deprivation or hypoxia.

What is the interaction between WAPL and PDS5 proteins?

We propose that Wapl and Pds5 directly modulate conformational changes of cohesin to make it competent for dissociation from chromatin during prophase.

Name scRNA-seq workflows which harness graph attention networks

SCDRHA and CellVGAE

What are assassin bugs?

The family Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), or assassin bugs, is among the most diverse families of the true bugs, with more than 6,000 species.

Is oxalate renal excretion increased after bariatric surgery?

Bariatric surgery is associated with a significant risk of nephrolithiasis. Enteric hyperoxaluria, nephrolithiasis, and oxalate nephropathy must be considered with the other risks of bariatric surgery Hyperoxaluria in patients treated with bariatric surgery was found to be a result of hyperabsorption of oxalate

In which cells are gasdermins expressed?

Members of the novel gene family Gasdermin (Gsdm) are exclusively expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner in the epithelium of skin and the gastrointestinal tract.

Which tissue secretes vaspin?

Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin) is an adipocytokine that has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits apoptosis under diabetic conditions.

What is the use of emulsion PCR in Next Generation Sequencing?

Prior to Next Generation Sequencing reactions, DNA libraries are constructed, amplified with emulsion PCR, and enriched with the use of enrichment beads. The library samples are then loaded to a sequencing chip and analyzed on an NGS platform.

Is the SDHAF2 gene encoding a protein necessary for flavination of SDHA?

Yes, SDHAF2 or hSDH5, is the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the flavination of SDHA.

Are thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 mutations implicated in thyroid hormone resistance syndrome?

thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 mutations are implicated in thyroid hormone resistance syndrome

What are the functions of sorting nexin 27?

Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) regulates endocytic sorting/recycling and intracellular trafficking of ion channels and receptors.

Which drugs were investigated in the ALPHEUS trial?

ALPHEUS study examined if ticagrelor was superior to clopidogrel in reducing periprocedural myocardial necrosis in stable coronary patients undergoing high-risk elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Can Isradipine slow progression of Early Parkinson Disease?

No. In a multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Isradipine did not slow progression of Early Parkinson Disease.

Which calcium/calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase is involved in the activation of the family of NFAT transcription factors (Nuclear Factors of Activated T cells)?

The activity of NFAT proteins is tightly regulated by the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B/calcineurin (CaN).Dephosphorylation of NFAT by CaN is required for NFAT nuclear localization.

What is the role of Caenorhabditis elegans Heterochromatin protein 1 (HPL-2) in development?

Caenorhabditis elegans Heterochromatin protein 1 (HPL-2) links developmental plasticity, longevity and lipid metabolism. HPL-2 regulates the expression of germline genes, extracellular matrix components and genes involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, HPL-2 regulates the dauer developmental decision, a striking example of phenotypic plasticity in which environmental conditions determine developmental fate. Furthermore, it is required for the formation of a functional germline and for the development of the vulva by acting in an Rb-related pathway.

What is the mechanisms of action of pexidartinib?

Pexidartinib is small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has strong selectivity against colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor.

Which TREX mRNA export complex subunits have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders?

Multiple TREX mRNA export complex subunits, e.g. THOC1, THOC2, THOC5, THOC6, THOC7, have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), neurodegeneration and cancer.

What are jakinibs?

Jakinibs are Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. They are considered a new class of kinase inhibitors in cancer and autoimmune disease. Jakinibs can differ substantially in their selectivity against JAKs.

Is single guide RNA part of the CRISPR/Cas9 tool or an inhibitor of its function?

Single guide RNA is part of the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Is irritable bowel syndrome more common in women with endometriosis?

Yes, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is more common in women with endometriosis. It has been shown that 15% of the patients with endometriosis also had IBS. Women with endometriosis are more likely to have received a diagnosis of IBS. Endometriosis may coexist with or be misdiagnosed as IBS.

What is the drug target for Simtuzumab?

These results suggest that LOXL2 could be an appealing target for treatment of scar formation after glaucoma surgery, and point to the potential therapeutic benefits of simtuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody derived from GS-607601.

Is it safe to use Abatacept during pregnancy?

It is not safe to use the drug abatacept during pregnancy, since there is very limited experience/knowledge yet. Additionally, it is recommended to withdraw the drug before pregnancy.

Is there any functional association during viral replication between flaviviridae viral RNA depended RNA polymerase and viral helicase?

Several labs have obtained evidence for a protein complex that involves many of the nonstructural (NS) proteins encoded by the virus. NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B appear to interact structurally and functionally. The interaction between the helicase, NS3, and the RNA polymerase, NS5B play a key role in viral replication. Pull-down experiments and surface plasmon resonance data indicate a direct interaction between NS3 and NS5B that is primarily mediated through the protease domain of NS3. This interaction reduces the basal ATPase activity of NS3. However, NS5B stimulates product formation in RNA unwinding experiments under conditions of excess nucleic acid substrate. When the concentrations of NS3 and NS5B are in excess of nucleic acid substrate, NS5B reduces the rate of NS3-catalyzed unwinding. Under pre-steady-state conditions, in which NS3 and substrate concentrations are similar, product formation increased in the presence of NS5B. The increase was consistent with 1:1 complex formed between the two proteins.

A combination of which two drugs was tested in the IMbrave150 trial?

IMbrave150 trial tested a combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Which is the genome browser database for DNA shape annotations?

GBshape provides minor groove width, propeller twist, roll, helix twist and hydroxyl radical cleavage predictions for the entire genomes of 94 organisms. Additional genomes can easily be added using the GBshape framework. GBshape can be used to visualize DNA shape annotations qualitatively in a genome browser track format, and to download quantitative values of DNA shape features as a function of genomic position at nucleotide resolution.

What molecule is targeted by Avelumab?

Avelumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1).

Does oculocutaneous albinism show an autosomal recessive inheritance?

Yes, oculocutaneous albinism shows an autosomal recessive inheritance.

What is the role of histone variant H2A.W?

The histone variant H2A.W defines heterochromatin and promotes chromatin condensation in Arabidopsis. The histone variant H2A.W marks heterochromatin specifically and acts in synergy with heterochromatic marks H3K9me2 and DNA methylation to maintain transposon silencing. In vivo, H2A.W is required for heterochromatin condensation, demonstrating that H2A.W plays critical roles in heterochromatin organization. In vitro, H2A.W enhances chromatin condensation by promoting fiber-to-fiber interactions via its conserved C-terminal motif. In non-flowering land plants, we identify a new class of H2A variants and propose their possible role in the emergence of the H2A.W variant class in flowering plants.

Which are the main functions of the APOBEC3 family of proteins?

The APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases play a critical role in host-mediated defense against exogenous viruses, most notably, human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), and endogenous transposable elements, such as LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposons.

Which R/Bioconductor package has been developed for the analysis of psychiatric disease genes?

PsyGeNET is a knowledge resource on psychiatric diseases and their genes, developed by text mining and curated by domain experts. Psygenet2r is an R package that contains a variety of functions for leveraging PsyGeNET database and facilitating its analysis and interpretation. The package offers different types of queries to the database along with variety of analysis and visualization tools, including the study of the anatomical structures in which the genes are expressed and gaining insight of gene's molecular function. Psygenet2r is especially suited for network medicine analysis of psychiatric disorders.

Should Lubeluzole be used for treatment of ischemic stroke?

No. Lubeluzole failed to consistently show an efficacy in the treatment of acute stroke and should not be used.

Is Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma usually a malignant tumor?

Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver (MHL) is an uncommon benign hepatic tumor typically affecting children under 2 years of age.

What is endoplasmic reticulum stress?

Endoplasmic reticulum stress," an imbalance between protein folding load and capacity leading to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, has been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with the pathophysiology of various liver diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the accumulation of abnormal proteins and leads to oxidative stress, cytoplasmic inclusion body formation, and apoptosis in hepatocytes. The endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) is activated in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and/or traumatic injuries. Subsequent restoration of ER homeostasis may contribute to improvement in the functional outcome of these diseases.

List the stages/types of Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis presents with different phenotypes, most commonly a relapsing-remitting course and, less frequently, a progressive accumulation of disability from disease onset (primary progressive multiple sclerosis). The majority of people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, after a variable time, switch to a stage characterised by gradual neurological worsening known as secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Is nucleosome eviction ATP-dependent?

Yes, nucleosome eviction and chromatin remodelling depends on ATP

Are there studies representing the involvement of Notch mutations in neurodegenerative diseases such as Down syndrome, Pick's and Prion's disease, and cadasil syndrome?

The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved, intercellular signaling mechanism essential for proper embryonic development in organisms as diverse as insects, nematodes, echinoderms and mammals. Disruptions in conserved developmental pathways frequently result in inherited congenital anomalies in humans. Mutations in genes encoding Notch pathway components underlie human disease such as Down syndrome, Pick's and Prion's disease, and cadasil syndrome.

List factors that promote lymphangiogenesis.

VEGF-C VEGF-D VEGF-R3

Is delayed enhancement documented in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy?

Delayed enhancement is documented in almost 30% of patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and its pattern is characterized by mid-wall, patchy or diffuse location.

Describe armoured brain syndrome.

Armoured brain syndrome is defined by calcified chronic subdural haematoma.

Ladybird homeobox (Lbx) transcription factors regulate the development of what body systems/organs?

Ladybird homeobox (Lbx) transcription factors have crucial functions in muscle and nervous system development in many animals

Which is the primary interacting protein of BLK?

The B cell adaptor protein with ankyrin repeats (BANK1) and the B lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK) have been genetically associated with autoimmunity. The proteins of these genes interact physically and work in concert during B-cell signaling.

Is HDAC1 required for GATA-1 transcriptional activity?

Yes. HDAC1 is required for GATA-1 transcription activity, global chromatin occupancy and hematopoiesis.

Can Daptacel be used instead of IPOL?

No, Daptacel is a diphtheria, tetanus, 5-component acellular pertussis vaccine, while IPOL is an inactivated poliovirus vaccine.

Do nematodes contain architectural proteins like CTCF?

insulator protein CTCF has been secondarily lost in derived nematodes like C. elegans. The most highly enriched motif (LM1) corresponds to the X-box motif known from yeast and nematode.

Which pathways are involved in cellular senescence?

Cellular senescence requires signal transduction, and the two most important signaling pathways are the P16Ink4a/Rb (retinoblastoma protein) pathway and the P19Arf/P53/P21Cip1 pathway, which interact but independently regulate the process of the cells cycle.

In which motif of the RUNX1T1 protein is the rs34269950 SNP located?

The rs34269950 SNP of RUNX1T1 is located in the 'RRACH' motif.

Can LB-100 downregulate miR-33?

No, LB-100 has been reported to modulate (upregulate) only miR-181b-1.

Which disease risk can be estimated with the Stop-Bang questionnaire?

Stop-Bang questionnaire is used to predict risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Which disease is associated with mutated Sox2?

SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome is an uncommon autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in the SOX2 gene and clinically characterized by severe eye malformations (anophthalmia/microphthalmia) and extraocular anomalies mainly involving brain, esophagus, and genitalia.