eliyahabba/llm-evaluation-analysis-split2 · Datasets at Hugging Face

evaluation_id string	dataset string	sample_index int64	model string	quantization string	template string	separator string	enumerator string	choices_order string	generated_text string	cumulative_logprob float64	closest_answer string	ground_truth string	score float64
92b85c71ec13917497fb66ce07d61dbc0b03eb7f8a25334549406036fd4126d0	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	0	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. Planetary years will become longer. When a planet experiences a meteorite impact, it can lose a significant portion of its mass, which can lead to a decrease in gravity. The decrease in mass over a planet's orbit can cause a tidal acceleration, where the planet's rotation becomes faster	-58.98493	II. Planetary years will become longer.	III. Planetary days will become shorter.	0
df25ba73ca38c1f581de96e552081b9e34f51f09f8d12f6b3ebaa9e761e26fd0	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	1	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. buildings will be built faster. During an earthquake, buildings are tested to determine how they will respond and can be built to withstand the shaking and other stresses of the earthquake. This is often referred to as seismic design or earthquake-resistant design. When buildings are subjected to ground motion, they will	-77.266561	II. buildings will be built faster	I. buildings will be made safer	0
c437eeedc6d045f3182b0e2431b6731ca36bf32c83f08fa451a74a45c24457bd	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	2	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. Light energy is converted to chemical energy. Explanation: During photosynthesis, sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments in the chloroplasts of plant cells. This process converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, which is used to power	-25.740361	II. Light energy is converted to chemical energy.	IV. Chlorophyll in the leaf captures light energy.	0
72e7423bd0cc5f5c91c12aae14ee5c5fc778b532072e1aefa840d089966e3f38	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	3	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct answer, we need to understand the terms used in the options and the context of the experiment: - Control: A control is an independent variable, a standard or set condition given to the group of items in a research experiment. - Hypothesis statement: The statement proposed by the researcher to	-81.915896	II. the hypothesis statement	IV. the independent (manipulated) variable	0
833b471609adc3884aa0e2a8b1cbef84be7de935b0ace426dec1d47d0f9461a7	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	4	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine whether the objects have gained, lost, or retained kinetic energy in each case, we need to consider the following: - Kinetic energy is given by the equation KE = 0.5 \* m \* v^2 - Potential energy is given by the equation PE = m \* g \	-42.166257	I. They have each lost kinetic energy.	IV. They have each gained one-half of their maximum kinetic energy.	0
7305ea4d68fafcbc3c97831b11178df2a8cc4c9bc880cd599df3535077087c4e	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	5	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. an infectious, cell-cycle disease. Explanation: DFTD (Deficiary Facial Tumour Disease) is an infectious and progressive disease that causes cancerous tumors in Tasmanian devils. The correct term that describes this disease is "infectious" because it spreads from	-51.899658	II. an infectious, cell-cycle disease	II. an infectious, cell-cycle disease	1
c81d4b21d2441b7a06f559527062caad1bb304b8c5af66238513eb9647d3ee32	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	6	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. to provide warmth during the cold winter months. The behavior described in the question is known as " caching," and it is a common strategy used by some animals, such as rodents and some species of reptiles, to survive the winter months when food is scarce. By collecting and storing food	-40.457338	II. to provide warmth during the cold winter months	III. to store food that will be eaten over the winter months	0
1ec39ae9c260292899547504ec48a13f4c5a44e097747d12d46b38fa09af33f6	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	7	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. There are active faults in the area. Petrified palm trees are formed when palm trees are encased in a layer of lignite, a type of soft, brown, oil-rich rock that is typically found in conditions of continued organic-rich deposition. The presence of petrified palm	-70.158963	II. There are active faults in the area.	IV. The climate in the area was once tropical.	0
a8d3ebf4b4a5f4f3bdfe34d2eea70875fe0e87ed69fa51d6a97b744a35f410e8	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	8	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. Populations of mice and rats would increase. The farmers, in hunting the hawks, likely triggered a retaliatory response from the mouse and rat populations that originally were not only present but also adjacent to their chicken coops. However, in the absence of hawks, these rodents now	-95.454965	II. Populations of mice and rats would increase.	II. Populations of mice and rats would increase.	1
b76c4a9a2fd013a6c1af35e5e904eff35c128f844f86b9ab922c4f5474097aed	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	9	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. the proton. The smallest unit of copper that maintains the characteristics of copper is the proton or IBO, specifically an IBO of copper. * BO: originally called Broadband oil feeder board (it was initially thought that a "body of copper" with a small amount of material was	-157.044364	II. the proton	I. the atom	0
eb8db00010cd97ff7adce6a4f68807df5f9780d8ba30c39b34a87e7d05dfa682	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	10	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. size differences Prokaryotic cells are small and lack complex cellular structures, including a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which are characteristic of eukaryotic cells. So, this is a correct way to distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.	-53.955829	II. size differences	II. size differences	1
5ac2e8b8a2437e0c0631a846a233e2c5667b2d9fb4b90e52fa1ff0ef842b8e81	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	11	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. The Sun creates water particles. Explanation: The Sun does provide water particles to the Earth through solar evaporation. As the Sun's heat energy heats the surface of the oceans, it causes the water molecules to evaporate into the air as water vapor. This water vapor is then carried upwards	-45.878839	II. The Sun creates water particles.	III. The Sun influences the formation of waves.	0
28836da87a6ff6b0827fb14ad886035d453aea19590be9d5eeb92e552de88d12	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	12	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the most likely temperature, we need to consider how temperature changes in the city are a typical result of the sun's radiation and diurnal temperature gradient (urban heat island effect). Given the strategy for handling this question is to: 1. Understand that the city's temperature is remaining relatively uniform throughout the day. 2	-126.781013	I. 32° F	III. 78° F	0
501f0fdc87f54f1a441e690376d983234ffdbacb5cdfa554b26b3da315a47921	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	13	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct order of steps, we need to analyze the purpose of each step in a scientific investigation. A scientific investigation typically involves a series of steps to test a hypothesis and collect data to support it. The purpose of each step varies depending on the experiment. 1. **Make a table for recording data (III	-56.333676	I. Repeat the investigation.	III. Make a table for recording data.	0
690e43041d6d64c38e27559ded06b865dc62c63d9a1b030054a036e77d5aafcb	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	14	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. methane. Methane (CH4) is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the Earth's lower atmosphere.	-7.446849	II. methane	III. water vapor	0
fc8b4079362d1c3c36a2b624ce12d42cceba7a0e81e923803696fda7090fadb8	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	15	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. 32 degrees Celsius. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit), not freezing.	-16.706779	II. 32 degrees Celsius	I. 0 degrees Celsius	0
6464a271bdc85b22d021a90a6f8b45d3f8db8913dfb3bd27ae67640b40e19e6f	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	16	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. predict what the next discovery will be. It is best for a scientist to wait until new discoveries are made and later analyze them as new data becomes available. This strategy facilitates the development of well-substantiated theories and the accumulation of knowledge in various branches of science. In the case of	-89.682154	II. predict what the next discovery will be	III. analyze new data as it becomes available	0
ee3df5609bcb582fa5b3b4b73b2162d0d630bcbfc663455260515ae7ae579774	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	17	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. from the tea to the ice. Explanation: This is a classic example of the principle of heat transfer by conduction, which is a type of heat transfer by direct contact between particles. When Molly poured hot water from the teapot into the ice, heat energy from the hot water was	-48.37672	II. from the tea to the ice	II. from the tea to the ice	1
88868b928f913095722c66c245c5e0309f6eaa63528fa6c49d3f9e8da606c32e	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	18	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. the price of boards will decrease. Explanation: 1. Not planting tree seedlings prevents new trees from growing, which increases the existing supply and reduces the demand for boards, leading to a decrease in prices. 2. Concerns about not planting tree seedlings primarily affect people who need	-61.787012	II. the price of boards will decrease	I. the price of boards will increase	0
74ee01146f41bfa09a1a9092fc94a5e5f56fa319b703b89b4eaed2d5578fefd7	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	19	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. continued experimentation. The correct answer is II. continued experimentation, but because of the discovery of the structure of DNA, not the atom, and other experiments demonstrating the strategy of chemical synthesis of living organisms over a long period of time. The claim about flies came from De Vries' experiments	-109.229764	II. continued experimentation.	II. continued experimentation.	1
d7415e973855960fdc3138896a72e053cfd96e92107eac240d742f401b6b38c4	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	20	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. breaking down wastes. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles within cells that contain digestive enzymes and are responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste and foreign substances. They play a key role in the process of food digestion, which involves the breakdown of complex molecules into smaller substances that the	-35.270157	II. breaking down wastes	II. breaking down wastes	1
08281dc8b764ff0b5de7574a98d6150192783a2b676453ced6e25ccfb5e47527	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	21	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct answer for this question, we'll analyze each option in the context of a typical oxyegen reaction with water. ## Step 1: First, let's review the chemical equation strategy for chemical reactions involving hydrogen and oxygen. The general chemical equation for a reaction involving hydrogen and oxygen typically shows the stoichi	-109.276083	I. H:O:H -> H_{2}O	IV. 2H_{2}O(l) -> 2H_{2}(g) + O_{2}(g)	0
d9bf642641c4573fe52ffce792f2a4851e409c08bcab612de945ee3d1aff8e73	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	22	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answers are: I. III. Penguins can live in climates with freezing temperatures. Explanation: Penguins are found in cold climates and are adapted to survive in environments with freezing temperatures.	-22.56732	I. Penguins make great pets.	IV. Penguins can live in climates with freezing temperatures.	0
c89e2858a55fd56112782d21f8834b4cae71ceb9c7d635e1d252b3b3dd5f4457	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	23	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct answer, we need to consider the concept of heat transfer and the principles of thermodynamics. When the two glasses of water are placed in the room, heat will transfer from the warmer glass (the glass of water at 50°F) to the cooler glass (the glass of water at 110°F	-28.718425	I. 43°F.	III. 73°F.	0
ae70f5b6915ee67e3272ebc9a0614895e809da86fd1bdd9aa332b28e1f2bdb6f	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	24	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. wind. Explanation: Snow, rain, and hail are all forms of precipitation, which are collections of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air. They can come from various sources such as atmospheric conditions, weather phenomena, or digital devices. Clouds can produce these forms of	-58.412344	II. wind.	III. water.	0
2c39eb92f29667d2a075a0574082799c017af5bc7e12a0d0015408bbd2a29106	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	25	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. It evaporated. When Scott opened the freezer and allowed the juice to thaw, the temperature conditions changed, and the evaporation of water molecules warmed the surrounding air. This warmed air can cause the water content inside the juice to change, leading to a phase change from liquid (not the	-84.487859	II. It evaporated.	IV. It became a solid.	0
d677109a221baddeaca69e578f4abb0d0bf6ce21cd7d6c9ff4d767ba3f05c3bb	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	26	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. It is a seasonal weather feature with irregular occurrences. Explanation: A flash flood warning is typically issued when a heavy rainfall event occurs, which can cause sudden and rapid erosion of soil and feeder streams. This type of flooding usually happens during a specific season, such as in the spring or summer	-61.674548	II. It is a seasonal weather feature with irregular occurrences.	II. It is a seasonal weather feature with irregular occurrences.	1
607d519db71aeaf64506cf945f8d16a16613d042f9a238845f4bbf5321f1a12c	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	27	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct order of temperature, we need to analyze the relationship between the color of light and its wavelength (which is inversely proportional to its temperature). Here's a brief explanation: 1. Blue light has a shorter wavelength (approximately 450-495 nanometers). 2. Red light has a longer wavelength (	-33.926821	I. Object 1, Object 2, Object 3	II. Object 1, Object 3, Object 2	0
755a190a7450e4379572aa361f740c6fca93ceadec5777832d1df905f990b01c	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	28	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. Plankton release oxygen. Plankton are tiny organisms that are an important food source for many animals in the ocean. They are capable of photosynthesis, which means they use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a type of sugar, and oxygen as a byproduct	-24.292975	II. Plankton release oxygen.	II. Plankton release oxygen.	1
0e93005b4df9579555b82eb41224308a4c3c7aadeea4586253982f210292f8bd	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	29	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: III. Wood is buoyant. Explanation: Tree branches and other plant material are typically appreciably dense and soft. As a result, they lie on the bottom of the water column. However, when floating objects like tree branches displace a similar volume of fluid, they remain afloat.	-97.475881	III. Wood is buoyant.	III. Wood is buoyant.	1
6ff41f8ae415cf90d33eba0d9b82efaab4f5f520c74aff7d6a585e6c1499420d	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	30	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. the exact age of the fossils. When observing two fossils in the same rock layer, the students can most likely determine the exact age of the fossils by analyzing their relationships with other fossils and the rock layer they are found in. However, without any additional information, such as the location,	-50.503206	II. the exact age of the fossils	IV. the type of environment in which the organisms lived	0
2626d41e96a6ea345db76ceb997ad8fee3bc5ef297950e42f58936e755a0393e	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	31	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. its high surface tension. Explanation: The property of a liquid that is most important for organisms in this context is its high surface tension. Solutes in a liquid solution only move if there is a drain (a liquid can "sink" if it has a high surface tension, the	-102.789376	II. its high surface tension	IV. its ability to exist as a liquid	0
200c729e7c1aca7be9353f956f6dd21c2dcf3756e27848692709bbe8655a953a	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	32	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. Ice is a liquid. Explanation: Ice is a form of water that is solid or frozen at a temperature of 0°C (32°F) or -17°C (-12°F) under standard conditions. It has a fixed volume but takes up a specific volume of space.	-68.841846	II. Ice is a liquid.	III. Air is a mixture of gases.	0
c4f05c044fd6a96f91ba1f7b75513455f0d2711b2965e2c8a36b0d0e4a4645e9	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	33	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. It helps explain how things work. Explanation: This is a positive effect of scientific discovery as it provides a better understanding of how the world works and the laws of nature. This understanding can lead to numerous benefits, such as making new products, improving processes, improving safety, and increasing the	-60.391855	II. It helps explain how things work.	II. It helps explain how things work.	1
10a4fb55396d3a1ec336cee5b952c2947c01bde857f1f08b169d3879aa8637b5	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	34	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct answer, we need to consider the frequency of each of these events. A. Sunrise happens relatively frequently due to the Earth's rotation on its axis, but this is not the event with the most frequency. B. The correct answer is actually "solstices." The summer solstice (not the	-81.365128	IV. solar eclipse	I. sunrise	0
cb5a49530294133935e1de586c304646a8a90df621b2c134093318c07520fa55	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	35	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. The region shows extensive faulting of sediments. Explanation: There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent (diverging), convergent (converging), and transform (translating). A transform boundary is where two plates slide past each other horizontally. When the	-38.660426	II. The region shows extensive faulting of sediments.	I. Volcanism also characterizes the region.	0
7207fd42768ffd7a25e5aefb9a21fd90b89b210381f7405b26db892fe98ea49f	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	36	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. The sun would be tiny next to one of the largest stars. Explanation: The sun is much smaller than any other star, including those like Sol and Betelgeuse. The sun is about 93 million miles away from the Earth, and it has a diameter of about 109	-52.20364	II. The sun would be tiny next to one of the largest stars.	II. The sun would be tiny next to one of the largest stars.	1
3fefb504392cc4f93e75f6da9d1248e966b36b046cd26f735f68e5cd0af1a0fd	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	37	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. The solid planets are closer to the Sun. Explanation: In our solar system, the order of the planets from closest to farthest from the Sun is Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The solid planets, typically referred to as the	-21.002952	II. The solid planets are closer to the Sun.	II. The solid planets are closer to the Sun.	1
718052992cae9732557313efae688423252f9632461831060bd2bae6e51fccac	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	38	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: III. to convert energy from sunlight into food energy. Explanation: Photosynthetic cells within plants are known as chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll and other pigments. They use sunlight as energy and convert it into chemical energy in the form of glucose, which is then used to fuel	-30.131681	III. to convert energy from sunlight into food energy	III. to convert energy from sunlight into food energy	1
9baad15ad89aea1372e957c1cfb88de983d330184bb80916ca1cf3169edce1e7	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	39	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. Hydraulic systems involve liquids and pneumatic systems involve gases. Explanation: - Hydraulic systems involve fluids (usually liquids or gases) and are used to transfer power by pressure. They can work both in motion (vacuum conditions) and at rest (open piping). - Pneumatic systems	-75.051338	II. Hydraulic systems involve liquids and pneumatic systems involve gases.	II. Hydraulic systems involve liquids and pneumatic systems involve gases.	1
5cabb5839d6ad32b64cc5298fb200a70e05a4acb4183690354926016de156fb0	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	40	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. preparing for migration. When bears scratch their backs against trees to remove winter fur, they are preparing themselves for their later migration to warmer climates during the summer. This strategy helps to: - Shrink their fat reserves - Physiologically prepare for increased energy needs associated with exercise and the	-79.485037	II. preparing for migration	IV. responding to its environment	0
33b905a07472e13717df94dc21ee1bbac4b941e60163727750b9fee89862057e	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	41	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: III. The Moon cycles through its phases. Explanation: This event occurs daily because the Moon orbits the Earth in a gravitational interaction, which causes it to change the amount of sunlight it reflects back to the Earth over a 24-hour period, thus changing the appearance of the Moon, resulting in the	-69.101246	III. The Moon cycles through its phases.	I. The Moon rises.	0
3a38dcfc5e8014f3690249f05ec3b977a24e59344673dbd2f0d198035152e1c2	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	42	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct answer, we need to use the atomic number of carbon (which is a known constant) and the implications of having a given number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The atomic number of carbon (Z) is 6, which means that if a carbon atom has 6 protons	-57.755108	I. 6	III. 13	0
a12ca2fc8a72d1a4e40cfedd51813dbd5fe227fb11d002168d20e7d3f2e1b5e4	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	43	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. the wavelength of the wave. Explanation: The speed of a sound wave is the rate at which it travels through a given medium, which depends on the reciprocals of the density and the wavelength of the sound wave. Physically, the speed of sound is independent of the frequency of	-57.724894	II. the wavelength of the wave	IV. the distance between molecules in the medium	0
a2c3594bfacfd52718d68ab7cede9ea03350964916776739fe661270b17a08a3	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	44	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. Both potential energy and kinetic energy increase. Explanation: As a child rides on the sled down a steep, snow-covered hill, the sled gains speed and potential energy due to the upward movement (the hill). As it rolls faster, kinetic energy is transferred to the ground, increasing its kinetic	-66.754783	II. Both potential energy and kinetic energy increase.	IV. Kinetic energy increases and potential energy decreases.	0
4261ffcf0f7667035324461011c3b9bdf4bdb51cf4c00d72cf08a9da2b0dcb92	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	45	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. heat. Heat can be used to separate salt from water by evaporating the water, leaving the salt behind. This process is known as evaporation.	-12.822202	II. heat.	II. heat.	1
4c29bfe86b656a0c7d484cb0f44ca7e6e7cc54dabab26e1eecf311e23e31e0b1	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	46	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: IV. satellite. A satellite can provide a clear and accurate view of the topography of the United States from space. It can capture images of the Earth's surface, revealing features like mountains, rivers, lakes, and coastlines, which are not easily visible with other methods. Radar (	-45.747025	IV. satellite	IV. satellite	1
53d1d9c16cdc9a2164adfebe81006a7e37e10c368e48a17d88848529be9081ca	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	47	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine whether water boils, the most accurate and practical tool to use is a stopwatch because it measures time or duration, which is how long it takes for water to boil. So, the correct answer is III. stopwatch.	-53.759383	IV. thermometer	III. stopwatch	0
5103136982962f22e5762418912cf468eeb8eadc25f34d2ebc0f9bc3af942b42	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	48	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct answer, let's examine each option: I. Embryonic structures - These are formed during the early stages of development and are used for the development of other organs and systems. They are indeed considered when comparing closely related organisms. II. Analogous structures - These structures share a shared evolutionary history	-59.775751	II. analogous structures.	II. analogous structures.	1
eb81eeeda6f36b4d1862590a39b04cab63b4387af8333c50a4765912c3f866ad	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	49	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: III. A salmon migrates up a river. A learned behavior is a learned action or behavior that is acquired through experience, social learning, observation, or imitation. In this case, the salmon's behavior of migrating up a river is a learned behavior, as it has been passed down through generations	-27.482421	III. A salmon migrates up a river.	I. A tiger hunts a deer.	0
64fab8c1c12afde15c26cb50e5685cec5ef7d72fcda25a2342401a175aeb9382	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	50	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct answer, we need to consider the chemical reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with oxygen. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with oxygen to produce water and oxygen gas is: 2H2O2 + 3O2 → 4H2O	-25.160081	IV. more than 20 g because there are now two substances	I. 20 g because no matter is added or removed	0
d14b8265288a7e7dbcbb78f1647f9f6385081730f878a20ffb7649407549da77	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	51	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct answer, let's analyze each option: I. Observe clouds forming or There is no scientific basis to observe clouds forming. Clouds form when water vapor in the air condenses into visible liquid droplets or ice crystals. While cloud observation can provide valuable information about weather and climate, it is	-47.28292	IV. weigh a glass before and after it is filled with water	III. blow up a beach ball or balloon	0
25e5b80b1ade99473b40590b66d318684dc4460abbda9897ceb6a01d95148704	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	52	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. transform faults. The 1937 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington State is famously linked to a transform faulting event, specifically a transform fault between the North American and Pacific Plate. This type of faulting can cause large earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.	-50.130192	II. transform faults	IV. converging boundaries	0
a7082913e4362d5148fd4d2b8e07378c17c261759e1aac9b99b429463a586059	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	53	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. Water carries a rock downstream. Explanation: This choice shows a relationship between a living thing (a salmon, a hungry animal) and a nonliving thing (water, a natural process). The salmon is not removing a gas from the air in this scenario, nor is the tree removing the	-62.075834	II. Water carries a rock downstream.	III. A tree removes a gas from the air.	0
fec500984ad761bfd5c73647a9fbd28e070c59fb62125f291e434dc273993551	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	54	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. asteroid impacts. The images from the Voyager spacecraft and Galileo spacecraft show that the surface of Europa has a distinctive, zigzag pattern, also known as "zancudo cratering," which is caused by asteroid impacts.	-64.714679	II. asteroid impacts	II. asteroid impacts	1
0bb550bd48bc40fb84269a114e22229b3e5b8ecc1dcb9c64e7a07ee63f392c8b	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	55	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answers are: II, III, and IV. Explanation: 1. A group of people swimming in a river or III. A farmer growing vegetables for sale at a market depend on renewable strategy. They replenish the resource over time when more are being obtained than being extracted. 2. A construction crew building	-89.186292	II. A construction crew builds an iron bridge.	II. A construction crew builds an iron bridge.	1
91f11f88d73780d4cc3291f90732fb9b5a27bb05f38521aa6641977c809bd7bf	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	56	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. a chart. Recording data such as size, number, and weight of fish in each population will best be suited for a chart, which is a tabular representation of the data. Charts are often used in statistics and data analysis to display raw data in a clear and organized manner.	-52.851457	II. a chart	II. a chart	1
e23645423ad544bb61bd6527420224e5bb34c2f912da4ab9d6fbb42bdf59484b	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	57	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answers are: I. to heat the copper wire (This is impossible because heating a wire would heat the entire wire, not just the ends, which were connected to a lightbulb) III. to transfer protons to the lightbulb The correct answer is III. to transfer protons to	-54.043453	I. to heat the copper wire	II. to generate an electric current	0
88bac8be73a558e14a84729c4fe7a1cbbac0db8f0a25529411adde1e47a4ae4a	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	58	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. Blood type Blood type is significantly influenced by the environment, but not to the same degree as eye color. While genetics play a role in determining blood type, environmental factors, such as dietary and prenatal conditions, can affect the development of blood cells. For example, people of African descent	-55.37821	II. Blood type	III. Body weight	0
e44ac6f69ac69bea7a1aa16a5371729afb6071932c5a3e3875417268a479256e	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	59	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct answer, we need to consider the formula for gravitational force (F) and the principles of the inverse square law. Gravity between two masses m_{1} and m_{2} is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (d) between their centers. The formula is F = G	-47.419764	I. Halve the mass of m_{1} and halve the distance between m_{1} and m_{2}.	III. Double the mass of m_{1} and halve the distance between m_{1} and m_{2}.	0
e08b83dc07748d4028f66e559c579d8e395029c4b088f2b579dd0d1cedbd9ce9	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	60	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct answer, we need to write down the chemical equation and predict the products. Here's the reaction: HCl (hydrochloric acid) + NaOH (sodium hydroxide) The balanced chemical equation is: HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H_{2}O From	-36.140437	IV. NaCl + H_{2}O	IV. NaCl + H_{2}O	1
e0b0ab17d9de953baeba73470ad1124229f3ae0274515b3f10d25819832e8fbd	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	61	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. to collect water. Explanation: Most of the leaves of forest trees are arranged in a specific pattern, often referred to as the lateral phyllotaxis. This strategy facilitates the process of transpiration, which is the process of water being transported upward through the tree. In this manner,	-78.619562	II. to collect water	IV. to capture sunlight	0
474f3ac80cba84b14f47a27f9f1ffb61bddaf6eeb8d88af47bd5df72bef1bf18	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	62	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. excretory Explanation: 1. Inhale (air) is into the lungs: diaphragm is the muscle that enables this process. 2. The diaphragm moves upward with each inhale: which allows air to enter the lungs and is a key part	-86.409782	II. excretory	IV. respiratory	0
e5fb9006e77b41b0c3a1cf0717281881591bf7924fec7077f9e0ea46699ca17d	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	63	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. skin. The skin serves a similar function to the lung, both in protecting the body from external bacteria, parasites, and temperature changes, and in gas exchange - strategy III. The lungs take in oxygen while the skin releases carbon dioxide. However, the reason lunges is not avascular	-126.605212	II. skin	I. gill	0
a233cb717abdf2d1b9cd70bbefbd2abcd4c3d359f7c14d4fbd4424d1293510d1	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	64	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. They both move at the same rate. Since Dominic observed a volvox colony and a paramecium and noted that they both have many organelles for movement, this suggests that both organisms are capable of active movement, which means they move at the same rate. This indicates the	-53.061588	II. They both move at the same rate.	IV. They both move toward an energy source.	0
c7cadd821e1fc8f71c6a8698b104f400ecf78e86b540988905ab1623ea8ac387	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	65	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. Traits from two parents are combined. Explanation: This is a fundamental concept in the theory of evolution, which suggests that sexual reproduction leads to more genetic diversity than asexual reproduction. When two parents contribute their unique traits to the offspring, they create genetic variation, allowing the offspring to be more	-39.480868	II. Traits from two parents are combined.	II. Traits from two parents are combined.	1
217b4b1349994d291c0aaa146fbd7e408cb1cb22d76d3c590f4e24d0c01cd1ab	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	66	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct answer, we need to understand the concept of hardness in the context of a scratch test. A scratch test is used to measure how hard a substance is resistant to scratch. Hardness is often measured on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 is extremely soft and 10 is the	-59.266222	IV. W is the hardest of the four substances tested.	III. W is the softest of the four substances tested.	0
4e8f94c6e3b04f2612f0ffa694e32fad824b12b7933fda076fadee571407a5e9	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	67	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. evaporation rates. Explanation: Evaporation rates play a crucial role in determining the productivity of crops in mountain valleys. When there is more rainfall and the evaporation rates are high, more water drains over the land surface, making the soil drier. With less water available, the plants	-66.276594	II. evaporation rates	III. runoff from rains	0
72c09124328abea30b61b09b372427b3b29b685c33d2ed375ffa123fd2d535f7	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	68	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct answer, let's examine each option one by one in the context of the origin of salt in ocean water. I. Erosion of land (llynge A - erosion) affects the formation of salt in ocean water. - However, erosion primarily reduces the amount of salt. Weathering	-95.294294	IV. reactions on the sea floor.	III. melting glacial ice.	0
813c72c898428775d960a376840f06c1de63d0933d8533f5a61e5895a98e344f	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	69	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. Water forms droplets when cooled. Explanation: This is a basic principle of the water cycle, which states that when the air cools and water vapor in the atmosphere condenses, resulting in the formation of clouds and eventually leading to precipitation in the form of rain.	-35.849264	II. Water forms droplets when cooled.	I. Earth is heated by the Sun.	0
008da7c7893fbf6f43261c641e2271991959124f4d0bc9fc14b3a3a90f5b8acc	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	70	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. 3 The correct resources for life are: 1. Atmosphere 2. Water 3. Sunlight The other options are incorrect as the main strategy for sending humans and living organisms to space is to replicate their environment, not solely using only soil and groundwater.	-102.024443	II. 3	I. 4	0
4058c1b4939ba6197580619c6c64e27f3192bbd6aded3b99c3cd7e7e0a1961ac	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	71	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: III. a horseshoe magnet. An horseshoe magnet is useful because it is non-magnetic and can be easily used to pour cold steel water over the horseshoe, allowing you to separate the object (the screw) from the molten metal, thereby cooling the object.	-99.467858	III. a horseshoe magnet	III. a horseshoe magnet	1
63cf4590c384cc5108d9675d502bbe92816822f0f9735b0319c721fc95603a67	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	72	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. speed of currents in the oceans. Explanation: Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and other carbon dioxide-related compounds, trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere through the greenhouse effect. This phenomenon is essential for regulating the Earth's temperature, but it is not directly related	-51.085609	II. speed of currents in the oceans.	II. speed of currents in the oceans.	1
ab649c8bac8f5c2688168cf80eac5f2abb516ab9a12a4a32ab67fb664a8eb7c5	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	73	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. create waves. Erosion by running water, also known as fluvial erosion or fluvial action, is the process of wearing away the bed of a river or stream through the action of flowing water. Over a long period of time, running water can cause the riverbed	-40.103702	II. create waves.	IV. become deeper and wider.	0
5399933d2aaf254b52b8f8014448c7418dd386b0cf1578bc839512d64da632d0	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	74	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: III. protection, management, and renewal of resources. Explanation: In ecology and conservation, "conservation" refers to the protection, management, and renewal of the natural resources of an ecosystem, including living organisms, water, air, soil, geology, climate, and other nonliving components	-36.450934	III. protection, management, and renewal of resources	III. protection, management, and renewal of resources	1
f95f0dbdda890d2f8ee94cfbdfa61c25425c0eb2e92062abf6bfabf2319caa56	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	75	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. the Sun and the Moon. Explanation: The Sun and the Moon are the only objects in our solar system that give off their own light. The Sun emits light through nuclear reactions within its core, while the Moon reflects the light of the Sun. Comets, while they can display a	-38.052775	II. the Sun and the Moon	I. only the Sun	0
57dba1a7aa36d945a5e10d056bc5aa82b42c89541ac761888136a06076f5877f	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	76	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To identify the correct answer, let's analyze each option: I. compare the shapes of the two cells or The shape of a cell can provide an initial clue, but it might not be the most reliable method for distinguishing between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Both prokaryotic and e	-34.856583	I. compare the shapes of the two cells	II. check to see which diagram shows a nucleus	0
98452a4bf97b087505c4ce92fcc398106c15e456d41312e41b9f3933bffa1f25	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	77	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. when there is a decrease in the number of predators. A shortening of the time of metamorphosis (or tadpole metamorphosis) would be most useful when there is a decrease in the number of predators. This is because a reduced time for metamorphosis would provide the	-36.292702	II. when there is a decrease in the number of predators	IV. when there is a limited amount of water in their environment	0
b8ebdd72fc53883a35665cc6cf098bac5327cbfdccb249b4717c8c0ddc7225a0	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	78	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. An unbalanced force causes acceleration. Explanation: When a 20 N object is placed on a surface and starts to slide, it will accelerate due to the unbalanced force acting on it. According to Newton's second law of motion, if a net force is applied to an object	-27.5959	II. An unbalanced force causes acceleration.	II. An unbalanced force causes acceleration.	1
9d3a6abff7ae8dd3f9433f0c0fa335c12a22a47b5d58de2b0c7660857254bcad	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	79	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the correct order of decomposition, we need to consider the resources required for each option to decompose in the natural environment. Cut grass (I) requires a lot of water and sunlight for decomposition. Grass decomposes quickly in moist conditions. Paper cups (II), newspapers (III), and cut trees (not the	-77.923674	IV. cut down trees	I. cut grass	0
df8ba4364650fbe3c8e316319490062b18d6db0e403f618f3ed76f31b88bfdcb	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	80	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. respiration in animals. Explanation: Respiration is the process in animals that involves the breakdown of glucose to produce energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. This process is often considered the most efficient way energy is released from organic molecules, which contributes to the overall efficiency of the	-51.157393	II. respiration in animals	IV. formation of fossil fuels	0
d849d98b095a840884281aad00fc6d4de33bd460a6759eb82cba697297a2f92b	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	81	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. producing oxygen. The correct answer is II. producing oxygen, as deep-sea organisms such as bacteria, phytoplankton, and small crustaceans use chemosynthesis, a process in which they produce their own oxygen through a chemical reaction involving iron, carbon dioxide, and water	-53.927685	II. producing oxygen	I. attracting prey	0
1db62fa32656e5a90e93ccd5640be7e2c36863799cf74ef6ca2c06c74867a15c	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	82	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To determine the state of matter of water at -5°C, we need to analyze the given options: 1. An atom or molecule can be in more than one state of matter. 2. The given temperature is below 0°C, which is the freezing point of water. At this temperature: - Most of	-65.68343	IV. a liquid.	II. a solid.	0
bcd19a72e15becefaf37ae79a878c1a261ba1a034a84c095c86a8e9f8d504e43	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	83	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. atomic models. The correct answer is II. atomic models, but in the context of the question, it specifically relates to how Thomas Edison used to demonstrate his inventions, he only performed many iterations on numerous designs using an experimental setup which was similar to an atomic model.	-116.730226	II. atomic models.	IV. the scientific method.	0
130df0090eb27bd6f2be53f47e456fa141bef3e9bcb2900159d31581aa7f258f	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	84	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. height of plant Explanation: In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In this case, the variable being tested is the height of the plants, which is the dependent variable. The researcher	-26.408184	II. height of plant	III. type of fertilizer	0
c7e8454fad868573bba867047572c926c74708f24f5f021bd6854a9acc2fbf1e	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	85	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. 28 days The Earth's period of rotation is approximately 24 hours, which is equivalent to 24 hours, 50 minutes, and 4 seconds. This is known as a sidereal day. Solar day, which is the time it takes the sun to rotate once on	-39.357278	II. 28 days	III. 24 hours	0
c07c914a2d50d3c8c64f0f57444acd0753a3a7f86de2cc4b56771f083c20bb06	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	86	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: III. to explain the mechanism that caused the continents to move. In the 1940s, with the development of technology used on submarines, scientists were able to use radar and sonar to scan the ocean floors and identify the boundaries between continents. This allowed them to use data collected during the	-55.449146	III. to explain the mechanism that caused the continents to move	III. to explain the mechanism that caused the continents to move	1
5e21f2d0c4abff50c819d849d5fa2615ad77deac10a91d37501f46a1c4d7e082	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	87	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answers are: I. Flossing has proven to be an effective method of improving oral health. II. Many infectious diseases, such as gum disease, are caused by microorganisms. IV. An individual who flosses daily will be less likely to get gum disease than one who flosses weekly.	-4.782826	II. Many infectious diseases, such as gum disease, are caused by microorganisms.	IV. An individual who flosses daily will be less likely to get gum disease than one who flosses weekly.	0
7d8b9e1ac439429d4e98a988b273181600575ffbdaba5acd5cfb4a43c8f62c95	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	88	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	To find the momentum of the baseball, we use the formula: p = mv Where p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity. The mass of the baseball is given as 0.15 kg, and the velocity is given as 43 m/s. p = 0.15 kg	-21.912158	I. 3.8 kg x m/s	II. 6.0 kg x m/s	0
96961c1c894172ba278855c6749ee586d06c04b23295c923b27cee2f6b618108	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	89	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. affecting gamete formation. Explanation: Somatic cell mutation refers to changes that occur in adult body cells (somatic cells) rather than in the reproductive cells (gametes, such as sperm and eggs). These changes can occur due to various factors, but affecting gamete formation is	-42.30649	II. affecting gamete formation	III. leading to tumors in tissue	0
dc628ac6cd0b5bebe033676c6f911f9bd53c168dcf2159e4635566b964d9b25d	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	90	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. asteroids or III. the Milky Way galaxy Explanation: Asteroids are visible to the naked eye from a distance, while the Milky Way galaxy is also visible by its overall brightness and can be seen without a telescope.	-42.42789	III. the Milky Way galaxy	III. the Milky Way galaxy	1
0421775b382f08ae0823f3e5216eda7db5c273f960a4ca49a4bde8bee04986b3	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	91	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. a snack company producing energy bars. The stem is an important part of many plants, serving as a structural support, storage for food, and a transportation system for nutrients. In this sense, a snack company producing energy bars can be considered similar to a stem, as it provides physical structure	-54.054492	II. a snack company producing energy bars	IV. an elevator transporting supplies from one floor to another	0
f3f30b759d3238fd39ee08b44975d00d8330f57b69a741206a0ca22f763274cf	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	92	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. Both jars contain solutions. Explanation: Salt and pepper are both substances that dissolve in water to create a mixture. When pour into two separate containers of water, they only create solutions, not mixtures.	-63.707938	II. Both jars contain solutions.	I. Both jars contain mixtures.	0
8813ed0de49cefcebd88d2345faf60eb95b74ef2b1b509a1b1ba6e07e0f8a2f3	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	93	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. calculate the total mass of all of the finished boats. A key factor to ensure that the paper sailboats will float without tipping over in the water is to calculate the total mass of all the finished boats. This is because a large number of boats would put excessive weight on the water,	-34.450862	II. calculate the total mass of all of the finished boats	I. construct a prototype of a boat for testing	0
d1222c957bb02c387f87efa7b86f4d0ab3f63140bdd1ecdff24705c7850c6daa	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	94	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answers are: I. alert residents to the possibility of fire. II. warn residents when a dangerous gas is present. Explanation: Carbon monoxide (CO) detectors are specifically designed to alert residents quickly and clearly when carbon monoxide levels in the home are higher than safe limits, indicating a potential fire hazard.	-35.908919	IV. advise people of an increase in temperature in the home.	II. warn residents when a dangerous gas is present.	0
985d9573de8ce5f821e0d0821a43b1d8c300d05ef1c82220cceaaf17b809cab3	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	95	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. states of matter. Explanation: Gases are indeed both a state of matter and can be easily compressed, and how they can expand to fill their containers. State of matter: II. This option refers to the physical conditions under which matter exists, which includes temperature and pressure. Gases	-83.65754	II. states of matter.	III. properties of matter.	0
a18217ac5b7867f8bbd27a9403dd3d1846822bca53e71c867968f5ea1d6462fa	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	96	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. alter their behavior based on past experience. Explanation: Mice learning to press a lever to press a food lever allows them to survive and adapt to their environment by strategy-based problem-solving and learning. By repeating the behavior, mice modify their own behavior to obtain food. They learn to associate	-86.052293	II. alter their behavior based on past experience.	II. alter their behavior based on past experience.	1
e0c0498e82647de21b8001336e758a316c21dea5f05f12f297f6b6ed9bd992e6	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	97	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answers are: I. Magma or lava is cooled. II. Materials are pressed together. III. Chemical reactions change minerals. IV. Earthquakes cause small pieces to fall. Explanation: Sedimentary rocks are formed through a process called sedimentation, where materials such as sand, silt, and clay	-12.828169	III. Chemical reactions change minerals.	II. Materials are pressed together.	0
17fb88ebf416b9da3a8f497bae205cb1a02da5a60e8bc50f73795c044d7a83a6	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	98	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answers are: II. nucleus, cell membrane, and cell wall. Explanation: - The nucleus is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored and transcribed into RNA. - The cell membrane is the outermost structure that distinguishes the inside of a cell from its outside. - The cell wall is	-43.952917	II. nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane	IV. cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondrion	0
8d24d4633ac4001d1ac7af79767ddc25e4466ce841a2d2253dce7563d7d70cb2	ai2_arc.arc_challenge	99	meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct	float16	MultipleChoiceTemplatesInstructionsStateBelowPlease	or	roman	shortest_to_longest	The correct answer is: II. The ball reflects light. Explanation: When light hits a polished metal ball, the metallic atoms arrange themselves in a way that reflects the light rays, making the ball look shiny. The ball doesn't absorb light, so it can reflect it away, which gives off a shiny appearance.	-58.086903	II. The ball reflects light.	II. The ball reflects light.	1

92b85c71ec13917497fb66ce07d61dbc0b03eb7f8a25334549406036fd4126d0

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The correct answer is: II. Planetary years will become longer. When a planet experiences a meteorite impact, it can lose a significant portion of its mass, which can lead to a decrease in gravity. The decrease in mass over a planet's orbit can cause a tidal acceleration, where the planet's rotation becomes faster

-58.98493

II. Planetary years will become longer.

III. Planetary days will become shorter.

0

df25ba73ca38c1f581de96e552081b9e34f51f09f8d12f6b3ebaa9e761e26fd0

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The correct answer is: II. buildings will be built faster. During an earthquake, buildings are tested to determine how they will respond and can be built to withstand the shaking and other stresses of the earthquake. This is often referred to as seismic design or earthquake-resistant design. When buildings are subjected to ground motion, they will

-77.266561

II. buildings will be built faster

I. buildings will be made safer

0

c437eeedc6d045f3182b0e2431b6731ca36bf32c83f08fa451a74a45c24457bd

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The correct answer is: II. Light energy is converted to chemical energy. Explanation: During photosynthesis, sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments in the chloroplasts of plant cells. This process converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, which is used to power

-25.740361

II. Light energy is converted to chemical energy.

IV. Chlorophyll in the leaf captures light energy.

0

72e7423bd0cc5f5c91c12aae14ee5c5fc778b532072e1aefa840d089966e3f38

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To determine the correct answer, we need to understand the terms used in the options and the context of the experiment: - **Control**: A control is an independent variable, a standard or set condition given to the group of items in a research experiment. - **Hypothesis statement**: The statement proposed by the researcher to

-81.915896

II. the hypothesis statement

IV. the independent (manipulated) variable

0

833b471609adc3884aa0e2a8b1cbef84be7de935b0ace426dec1d47d0f9461a7

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To determine whether the objects have gained, lost, or retained kinetic energy in each case, we need to consider the following: - Kinetic energy is given by the equation KE = 0.5 \* m \* v^2 - Potential energy is given by the equation PE = m \* g \

-42.166257

I. They have each lost kinetic energy.

IV. They have each gained one-half of their maximum kinetic energy.

0

7305ea4d68fafcbc3c97831b11178df2a8cc4c9bc880cd599df3535077087c4e

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The correct answer is: II. an infectious, cell-cycle disease. Explanation: DFTD (Deficiary Facial Tumour Disease) is an infectious and progressive disease that causes cancerous tumors in Tasmanian devils. The correct term that describes this disease is "infectious" because it spreads from

-51.899658

II. an infectious, cell-cycle disease

1

c81d4b21d2441b7a06f559527062caad1bb304b8c5af66238513eb9647d3ee32

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The correct answer is: II. to provide warmth during the cold winter months. The behavior described in the question is known as " caching," and it is a common strategy used by some animals, such as rodents and some species of reptiles, to survive the winter months when food is scarce. By collecting and storing food

-40.457338

II. to provide warmth during the cold winter months

III. to store food that will be eaten over the winter months

0

1ec39ae9c260292899547504ec48a13f4c5a44e097747d12d46b38fa09af33f6

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The correct answer is: II. There are active faults in the area. Petrified palm trees are formed when palm trees are encased in a layer of lignite, a type of soft, brown, oil-rich rock that is typically found in conditions of continued organic-rich deposition. The presence of petrified palm

-70.158963

II. There are active faults in the area.

IV. The climate in the area was once tropical.

0

a8d3ebf4b4a5f4f3bdfe34d2eea70875fe0e87ed69fa51d6a97b744a35f410e8

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The correct answer is: II. Populations of mice and rats would increase. The farmers, in hunting the hawks, likely triggered a retaliatory response from the mouse and rat populations that originally were not only present but also adjacent to their chicken coops. However, in the absence of hawks, these rodents now

-95.454965

II. Populations of mice and rats would increase.

1

b76c4a9a2fd013a6c1af35e5e904eff35c128f844f86b9ab922c4f5474097aed

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The correct answer is: II. the proton. The smallest unit of copper that maintains the characteristics of copper is the proton or IBO, specifically an IBO of copper. * BO: originally called Broadband oil feeder board (it was initially thought that a "body of copper" with a small amount of material was

-157.044364

II. the proton

I. the atom

0

eb8db00010cd97ff7adce6a4f68807df5f9780d8ba30c39b34a87e7d05dfa682

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The correct answer is: II. size differences Prokaryotic cells are small and lack complex cellular structures, including a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which are characteristic of eukaryotic cells. So, this is a correct way to distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

-53.955829

II. size differences

1

5ac2e8b8a2437e0c0631a846a233e2c5667b2d9fb4b90e52fa1ff0ef842b8e81

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The correct answer is: II. The Sun creates water particles. Explanation: The Sun does provide water particles to the Earth through solar evaporation. As the Sun's heat energy heats the surface of the oceans, it causes the water molecules to evaporate into the air as water vapor. This water vapor is then carried upwards

-45.878839

II. The Sun creates water particles.

III. The Sun influences the formation of waves.

0

28836da87a6ff6b0827fb14ad886035d453aea19590be9d5eeb92e552de88d12

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To determine the most likely temperature, we need to consider how temperature changes in the city are a typical result of the sun's radiation and diurnal temperature gradient (urban heat island effect). Given the strategy for handling this question is to: 1. Understand that the city's temperature is remaining relatively uniform throughout the day. 2

-126.781013

I. 32° F

III. 78° F

0

501f0fdc87f54f1a441e690376d983234ffdbacb5cdfa554b26b3da315a47921

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To determine the correct order of steps, we need to analyze the purpose of each step in a scientific investigation. A scientific investigation typically involves a series of steps to test a hypothesis and collect data to support it. The purpose of each step varies depending on the experiment. 1. **Make a table for recording data (III

-56.333676

I. Repeat the investigation.

III. Make a table for recording data.

0

690e43041d6d64c38e27559ded06b865dc62c63d9a1b030054a036e77d5aafcb

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The correct answer is: II. methane. Methane (CH4) is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the Earth's lower atmosphere.

-7.446849

II. methane

III. water vapor

0

fc8b4079362d1c3c36a2b624ce12d42cceba7a0e81e923803696fda7090fadb8

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The correct answer is: II. 32 degrees Celsius. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit), not freezing.

-16.706779

II. 32 degrees Celsius

I. 0 degrees Celsius

0

6464a271bdc85b22d021a90a6f8b45d3f8db8913dfb3bd27ae67640b40e19e6f

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The correct answer is: II. predict what the next discovery will be. It is best for a scientist to wait until new discoveries are made and later analyze them as new data becomes available. This strategy facilitates the development of well-substantiated theories and the accumulation of knowledge in various branches of science. In the case of

-89.682154

II. predict what the next discovery will be

III. analyze new data as it becomes available

0

ee3df5609bcb582fa5b3b4b73b2162d0d630bcbfc663455260515ae7ae579774

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The correct answer is: II. from the tea to the ice. Explanation: This is a classic example of the principle of heat transfer by conduction, which is a type of heat transfer by direct contact between particles. When Molly poured hot water from the teapot into the ice, heat energy from the hot water was

-48.37672

II. from the tea to the ice

1

88868b928f913095722c66c245c5e0309f6eaa63528fa6c49d3f9e8da606c32e

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The correct answer is: II. the price of boards will decrease. Explanation: 1. Not planting tree seedlings prevents new trees from growing, which increases the existing supply and reduces the demand for boards, leading to a decrease in prices. 2. Concerns about not planting tree seedlings primarily affect people who need

-61.787012

II. the price of boards will decrease

I. the price of boards will increase

0

74ee01146f41bfa09a1a9092fc94a5e5f56fa319b703b89b4eaed2d5578fefd7

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The correct answer is: II. continued experimentation. The correct answer is II. continued experimentation, but because of the discovery of the structure of DNA, not the atom, and other experiments demonstrating the strategy of chemical synthesis of living organisms over a long period of time. The claim about flies came from De Vries' experiments

-109.229764

II. continued experimentation.

1

d7415e973855960fdc3138896a72e053cfd96e92107eac240d742f401b6b38c4

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The correct answer is: II. breaking down wastes. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles within cells that contain digestive enzymes and are responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste and foreign substances. They play a key role in the process of food digestion, which involves the breakdown of complex molecules into smaller substances that the

-35.270157

II. breaking down wastes

1

08281dc8b764ff0b5de7574a98d6150192783a2b676453ced6e25ccfb5e47527

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To determine the correct answer for this question, we'll analyze each option in the context of a typical oxyegen reaction with water. ## Step 1: First, let's review the chemical equation strategy for chemical reactions involving hydrogen and oxygen. The general chemical equation for a reaction involving hydrogen and oxygen typically shows the stoichi

-109.276083

I. H:O:H -> H_{2}O

IV. 2H_{2}O(l) -> 2H_{2}(g) + O_{2}(g)

0

d9bf642641c4573fe52ffce792f2a4851e409c08bcab612de945ee3d1aff8e73

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The correct answers are: I. III. Penguins can live in climates with freezing temperatures. Explanation: Penguins are found in cold climates and are adapted to survive in environments with freezing temperatures.

-22.56732

I. Penguins make great pets.

IV. Penguins can live in climates with freezing temperatures.

0

c89e2858a55fd56112782d21f8834b4cae71ceb9c7d635e1d252b3b3dd5f4457

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To determine the correct answer, we need to consider the concept of heat transfer and the principles of thermodynamics. When the two glasses of water are placed in the room, heat will transfer from the warmer glass (the glass of water at 50°F) to the cooler glass (the glass of water at 110°F

-28.718425

I. 43°F.

III. 73°F.

0

ae70f5b6915ee67e3272ebc9a0614895e809da86fd1bdd9aa332b28e1f2bdb6f

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The correct answer is: II. wind. Explanation: Snow, rain, and hail are all forms of precipitation, which are collections of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air. They can come from various sources such as atmospheric conditions, weather phenomena, or digital devices. Clouds can produce these forms of

-58.412344

II. wind.

III. water.

0

2c39eb92f29667d2a075a0574082799c017af5bc7e12a0d0015408bbd2a29106

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The correct answer is: II. It evaporated. When Scott opened the freezer and allowed the juice to thaw, the temperature conditions changed, and the evaporation of water molecules warmed the surrounding air. This warmed air can cause the water content inside the juice to change, leading to a phase change from liquid (not the

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II. It evaporated.

IV. It became a solid.

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d677109a221baddeaca69e578f4abb0d0bf6ce21cd7d6c9ff4d767ba3f05c3bb

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The correct answer is: II. It is a seasonal weather feature with irregular occurrences. Explanation: A flash flood warning is typically issued when a heavy rainfall event occurs, which can cause sudden and rapid erosion of soil and feeder streams. This type of flooding usually happens during a specific season, such as in the spring or summer

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II. It is a seasonal weather feature with irregular occurrences.

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To determine the correct order of temperature, we need to analyze the relationship between the color of light and its wavelength (which is inversely proportional to its temperature). Here's a brief explanation: 1. Blue light has a shorter wavelength (approximately 450-495 nanometers). 2. Red light has a longer wavelength (

-33.926821

I. Object 1, Object 2, Object 3

II. Object 1, Object 3, Object 2

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The correct answer is: II. Plankton release oxygen. Plankton are tiny organisms that are an important food source for many animals in the ocean. They are capable of photosynthesis, which means they use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a type of sugar, and oxygen as a byproduct

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II. Plankton release oxygen.

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0e93005b4df9579555b82eb41224308a4c3c7aadeea4586253982f210292f8bd

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The correct answer is: III. Wood is buoyant. Explanation: Tree branches and other plant material are typically appreciably dense and soft. As a result, they lie on the bottom of the water column. However, when floating objects like tree branches displace a similar volume of fluid, they remain afloat.

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III. Wood is buoyant.

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The correct answer is: II. the exact age of the fossils. When observing two fossils in the same rock layer, the students can most likely determine the exact age of the fossils by analyzing their relationships with other fossils and the rock layer they are found in. However, without any additional information, such as the location,

-50.503206

II. the exact age of the fossils

IV. the type of environment in which the organisms lived

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The correct answer is: II. its high surface tension. Explanation: The property of a liquid that is most important for organisms in this context is its high surface tension. Solutes in a liquid solution only move if there is a drain (a liquid can "sink" if it has a high surface tension, the

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II. its high surface tension

IV. its ability to exist as a liquid

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The correct answer is: II. Ice is a liquid. Explanation: Ice is a form of water that is solid or frozen at a temperature of 0°C (32°F) or -17°C (-12°F) under standard conditions. It has a fixed volume but takes up a specific volume of space.

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II. Ice is a liquid.

III. Air is a mixture of gases.

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c4f05c044fd6a96f91ba1f7b75513455f0d2711b2965e2c8a36b0d0e4a4645e9

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The correct answer is: II. It helps explain how things work. Explanation: This is a positive effect of scientific discovery as it provides a better understanding of how the world works and the laws of nature. This understanding can lead to numerous benefits, such as making new products, improving processes, improving safety, and increasing the

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II. It helps explain how things work.

1

10a4fb55396d3a1ec336cee5b952c2947c01bde857f1f08b169d3879aa8637b5

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To determine the correct answer, we need to consider the frequency of each of these events. A. Sunrise happens relatively frequently due to the Earth's rotation on its axis, but this is not the event with the most frequency. B. The correct answer is actually "solstices." The summer solstice (not the

-81.365128

IV. solar eclipse

I. sunrise

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The correct answer is: II. The region shows extensive faulting of sediments. Explanation: There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent (diverging), convergent (converging), and transform (translating). A transform boundary is where two plates slide past each other horizontally. When the

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II. The region shows extensive faulting of sediments.

I. Volcanism also characterizes the region.

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7207fd42768ffd7a25e5aefb9a21fd90b89b210381f7405b26db892fe98ea49f

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The correct answer is: II. The sun would be tiny next to one of the largest stars. Explanation: The sun is much smaller than any other star, including those like Sol and Betelgeuse. The sun is about 93 million miles away from the Earth, and it has a diameter of about 109

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II. The sun would be tiny next to one of the largest stars.

1

3fefb504392cc4f93e75f6da9d1248e966b36b046cd26f735f68e5cd0af1a0fd

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The correct answer is: II. The solid planets are closer to the Sun. Explanation: In our solar system, the order of the planets from closest to farthest from the Sun is Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The solid planets, typically referred to as the

-21.002952

II. The solid planets are closer to the Sun.

1

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The correct answer is: III. to convert energy from sunlight into food energy. Explanation: Photosynthetic cells within plants are known as chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll and other pigments. They use sunlight as energy and convert it into chemical energy in the form of glucose, which is then used to fuel

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III. to convert energy from sunlight into food energy

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The correct answer is: II. Hydraulic systems involve liquids and pneumatic systems involve gases. Explanation: - Hydraulic systems involve fluids (usually liquids or gases) and are used to transfer power by pressure. They can work both in motion (vacuum conditions) and at rest (open piping). - Pneumatic systems

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II. Hydraulic systems involve liquids and pneumatic systems involve gases.

1

5cabb5839d6ad32b64cc5298fb200a70e05a4acb4183690354926016de156fb0

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The correct answer is: II. preparing for migration. When bears scratch their backs against trees to remove winter fur, they are preparing themselves for their later migration to warmer climates during the summer. This strategy helps to: - Shrink their fat reserves - Physiologically prepare for increased energy needs associated with exercise and the

-79.485037

II. preparing for migration

IV. responding to its environment

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The correct answer is: III. The Moon cycles through its phases. Explanation: This event occurs daily because the Moon orbits the Earth in a gravitational interaction, which causes it to change the amount of sunlight it reflects back to the Earth over a 24-hour period, thus changing the appearance of the Moon, resulting in the

-69.101246

III. The Moon cycles through its phases.

I. The Moon rises.

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To determine the correct answer, we need to use the atomic number of carbon (which is a known constant) and the implications of having a given number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The atomic number of carbon (Z) is 6, which means that if a carbon atom has 6 protons

-57.755108

I. 6

III. 13

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The correct answer is: II. the wavelength of the wave. Explanation: The speed of a sound wave is the rate at which it travels through a given medium, which depends on the reciprocals of the density and the wavelength of the sound wave. Physically, the speed of sound is independent of the frequency of

-57.724894

II. the wavelength of the wave

IV. the distance between molecules in the medium

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a2c3594bfacfd52718d68ab7cede9ea03350964916776739fe661270b17a08a3

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The correct answer is: II. Both potential energy and kinetic energy increase. Explanation: As a child rides on the sled down a steep, snow-covered hill, the sled gains speed and potential energy due to the upward movement (the hill). As it rolls faster, kinetic energy is transferred to the ground, increasing its kinetic

-66.754783

II. Both potential energy and kinetic energy increase.

IV. Kinetic energy increases and potential energy decreases.

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The correct answer is: II. heat. Heat can be used to separate salt from water by evaporating the water, leaving the salt behind. This process is known as evaporation.

-12.822202

II. heat.

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The correct answer is: IV. satellite. A satellite can provide a clear and accurate view of the topography of the United States from space. It can capture images of the Earth's surface, revealing features like mountains, rivers, lakes, and coastlines, which are not easily visible with other methods. Radar (

-45.747025

IV. satellite

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To determine whether water boils, the most accurate and practical tool to use is a **stopwatch** because it measures time or duration, which is how long it takes for water to boil. So, the correct answer is **III. stopwatch**.

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IV. thermometer

III. stopwatch

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To determine the correct answer, let's examine each option: I. Embryonic structures - These are formed during the early stages of development and are used for the development of other organs and systems. They are indeed considered when comparing closely related organisms. II. Analogous structures - These structures share a shared evolutionary history

-59.775751

II. analogous structures.

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The correct answer is: III. A salmon migrates up a river. A learned behavior is a learned action or behavior that is acquired through experience, social learning, observation, or imitation. In this case, the salmon's behavior of migrating up a river is a learned behavior, as it has been passed down through generations

-27.482421

III. A salmon migrates up a river.

I. A tiger hunts a deer.

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To determine the correct answer, we need to consider the chemical reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with oxygen. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with oxygen to produce water and oxygen gas is: 2H2O2 + 3O2 → 4H2O

-25.160081

IV. more than 20 g because there are now two substances

I. 20 g because no matter is added or removed

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To determine the correct answer, let's analyze each option: I. Observe clouds forming or There is no scientific basis to observe clouds forming. Clouds form when water vapor in the air condenses into visible liquid droplets or ice crystals. While cloud observation can provide valuable information about weather and climate, it is

-47.28292

IV. weigh a glass before and after it is filled with water

III. blow up a beach ball or balloon

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The correct answer is: II. transform faults. The 1937 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington State is famously linked to a transform faulting event, specifically a transform fault between the North American and Pacific Plate. This type of faulting can cause large earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

-50.130192

II. transform faults

IV. converging boundaries

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The correct answer is: II. Water carries a rock downstream. Explanation: This choice shows a relationship between a living thing (a salmon, a hungry animal) and a nonliving thing (water, a natural process). The salmon is not removing a gas from the air in this scenario, nor is the tree removing the

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II. Water carries a rock downstream.

III. A tree removes a gas from the air.

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The correct answer is: II. asteroid impacts. The images from the Voyager spacecraft and Galileo spacecraft show that the surface of Europa has a distinctive, zigzag pattern, also known as "zancudo cratering," which is caused by asteroid impacts.

-64.714679

II. asteroid impacts

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The correct answers are: II, III, and IV. Explanation: 1. A group of people swimming in a river or III. A farmer growing vegetables for sale at a market depend on renewable strategy. They replenish the resource over time when more are being obtained than being extracted. 2. A construction crew building

-89.186292

II. A construction crew builds an iron bridge.

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The correct answer is: II. a chart. Recording data such as size, number, and weight of fish in each population will best be suited for a chart, which is a tabular representation of the data. Charts are often used in statistics and data analysis to display raw data in a clear and organized manner.

-52.851457

II. a chart

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The correct answers are: I. to heat the copper wire (This is impossible because heating a wire would heat the entire wire, not just the ends, which were connected to a lightbulb) III. to transfer protons to the lightbulb The correct answer is III. to transfer protons to

-54.043453

I. to heat the copper wire

II. to generate an electric current

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The correct answer is: II. Blood type Blood type is significantly influenced by the environment, but not to the same degree as eye color. While genetics play a role in determining blood type, environmental factors, such as dietary and prenatal conditions, can affect the development of blood cells. For example, people of African descent

-55.37821

II. Blood type

III. Body weight

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To determine the correct answer, we need to consider the formula for gravitational force (F) and the principles of the inverse square law. Gravity between two masses m_{1} and m_{2} is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (d) between their centers. The formula is F = G

-47.419764

I. Halve the mass of m_{1} and halve the distance between m_{1} and m_{2}.

III. Double the mass of m_{1} and halve the distance between m_{1} and m_{2}.

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To determine the correct answer, we need to write down the chemical equation and predict the products. Here's the reaction: HCl (hydrochloric acid) + NaOH (sodium hydroxide) The balanced chemical equation is: HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H_{2}O From

-36.140437

IV. NaCl + H_{2}O

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The correct answer is: II. to collect water. Explanation: Most of the leaves of forest trees are arranged in a specific pattern, often referred to as the lateral phyllotaxis. This strategy facilitates the process of transpiration, which is the process of water being transported upward through the tree. In this manner,

-78.619562

II. to collect water

IV. to capture sunlight

0

474f3ac80cba84b14f47a27f9f1ffb61bddaf6eeb8d88af47bd5df72bef1bf18

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The correct answer is: II. excretory Explanation: 1. **Inhale (air) is into the lungs**: diaphragm is the muscle that enables this process. 2. **The diaphragm moves upward with each inhale**: which allows air to enter the lungs and is a key part

-86.409782

II. excretory

IV. respiratory

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The correct answer is: II. skin. The skin serves a similar function to the lung, both in protecting the body from external bacteria, parasites, and temperature changes, and in gas exchange - strategy III. The lungs take in oxygen while the skin releases carbon dioxide. However, the reason lunges is not avascular

-126.605212

II. skin

I. gill

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The correct answer is: II. They both move at the same rate. Since Dominic observed a volvox colony and a paramecium and noted that they both have many organelles for movement, this suggests that both organisms are capable of active movement, which means they move at the same rate. This indicates the

-53.061588

II. They both move at the same rate.

IV. They both move toward an energy source.

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The correct answer is: II. Traits from two parents are combined. Explanation: This is a fundamental concept in the theory of evolution, which suggests that sexual reproduction leads to more genetic diversity than asexual reproduction. When two parents contribute their unique traits to the offspring, they create genetic variation, allowing the offspring to be more

-39.480868

II. Traits from two parents are combined.

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To determine the correct answer, we need to understand the concept of hardness in the context of a scratch test. A scratch test is used to measure how hard a substance is resistant to scratch. Hardness is often measured on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 is extremely soft and 10 is the

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IV. W is the hardest of the four substances tested.

III. W is the softest of the four substances tested.

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The correct answer is: II. evaporation rates. Explanation: Evaporation rates play a crucial role in determining the productivity of crops in mountain valleys. When there is more rainfall and the evaporation rates are high, more water drains over the land surface, making the soil drier. With less water available, the plants

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II. evaporation rates

III. runoff from rains

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To determine the correct answer, let's examine each option one by one in the context of the origin of salt in ocean water. I. Erosion of land (llynge A - erosion) affects the formation of salt in ocean water. - However, erosion primarily reduces the amount of salt. Weathering

-95.294294

IV. reactions on the sea floor.

III. melting glacial ice.

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The correct answer is: II. Water forms droplets when cooled. Explanation: This is a basic principle of the water cycle, which states that when the air cools and water vapor in the atmosphere condenses, resulting in the formation of clouds and eventually leading to precipitation in the form of rain.

-35.849264

II. Water forms droplets when cooled.

I. Earth is heated by the Sun.

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The correct answer is: II. 3 The correct resources for life are: 1. Atmosphere 2. Water 3. Sunlight The other options are incorrect as the main strategy for sending humans and living organisms to space is to replicate their environment, not solely using only soil and groundwater.

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II. 3

I. 4

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The correct answer is: III. a horseshoe magnet. An horseshoe magnet is useful because it is non-magnetic and can be easily used to pour cold steel water over the horseshoe, allowing you to separate the object (the screw) from the molten metal, thereby cooling the object.

-99.467858

III. a horseshoe magnet

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The correct answer is: II. speed of currents in the oceans. Explanation: Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and other carbon dioxide-related compounds, trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere through the greenhouse effect. This phenomenon is essential for regulating the Earth's temperature, but it is not directly related

-51.085609

II. speed of currents in the oceans.

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The correct answer is: II. create waves. Erosion by running water, also known as fluvial erosion or fluvial action, is the process of wearing away the bed of a river or stream through the action of flowing water. Over a long period of time, running water can cause the riverbed

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II. create waves.

IV. become deeper and wider.

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The correct answer is: III. protection, management, and renewal of resources. Explanation: In ecology and conservation, "conservation" refers to the protection, management, and renewal of the natural resources of an ecosystem, including living organisms, water, air, soil, geology, climate, and other nonliving components

-36.450934

III. protection, management, and renewal of resources

1

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The correct answer is: II. the Sun and the Moon. Explanation: The Sun and the Moon are the only objects in our solar system that give off their own light. The Sun emits light through nuclear reactions within its core, while the Moon reflects the light of the Sun. Comets, while they can display a

-38.052775

II. the Sun and the Moon

I. only the Sun

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To identify the correct answer, let's analyze each option: I. compare the shapes of the two cells or The shape of a cell can provide an initial clue, but it might not be the most reliable method for distinguishing between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Both prokaryotic and e

-34.856583

I. compare the shapes of the two cells

II. check to see which diagram shows a nucleus

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The correct answer is: II. when there is a decrease in the number of predators. A shortening of the time of metamorphosis (or tadpole metamorphosis) would be most useful when there is a decrease in the number of predators. This is because a reduced time for metamorphosis would provide the

-36.292702

II. when there is a decrease in the number of predators

IV. when there is a limited amount of water in their environment

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The correct answer is: II. An unbalanced force causes acceleration. Explanation: When a 20 N object is placed on a surface and starts to slide, it will accelerate due to the unbalanced force acting on it. According to Newton's second law of motion, if a net force is applied to an object

-27.5959

II. An unbalanced force causes acceleration.

1

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To determine the correct order of decomposition, we need to consider the resources required for each option to decompose in the natural environment. Cut grass (I) requires a lot of water and sunlight for decomposition. Grass decomposes quickly in moist conditions. Paper cups (II), newspapers (III), and cut trees (not the

-77.923674

IV. cut down trees

I. cut grass

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The correct answer is: II. respiration in animals. Explanation: Respiration is the process in animals that involves the breakdown of glucose to produce energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. This process is often considered the most efficient way energy is released from organic molecules, which contributes to the overall efficiency of the

-51.157393

II. respiration in animals

IV. formation of fossil fuels

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d849d98b095a840884281aad00fc6d4de33bd460a6759eb82cba697297a2f92b

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The correct answer is: II. producing oxygen. The correct answer is II. producing oxygen, as deep-sea organisms such as bacteria, phytoplankton, and small crustaceans use chemosynthesis, a process in which they produce their own oxygen through a chemical reaction involving iron, carbon dioxide, and water

-53.927685

II. producing oxygen

I. attracting prey

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To determine the state of matter of water at -5°C, we need to analyze the given options: 1. An atom or molecule can be in more than one state of matter. 2. The given temperature is below 0°C, which is the freezing point of water. At this temperature: - Most of

-65.68343

IV. a liquid.

II. a solid.

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The correct answer is: II. atomic models. The correct answer is II. atomic models, but in the context of the question, it specifically relates to how Thomas Edison used to demonstrate his inventions, he only performed many iterations on numerous designs using an experimental setup which was similar to an atomic model.

-116.730226

II. atomic models.

IV. the scientific method.

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The correct answer is: II. height of plant Explanation: In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In this case, the variable being tested is the height of the plants, which is the dependent variable. The researcher

-26.408184

II. height of plant

III. type of fertilizer

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The correct answer is: II. 28 days The Earth's period of rotation is approximately 24 hours, which is equivalent to 24 hours, 50 minutes, and 4 seconds. This is known as a sidereal day. Solar day, which is the time it takes the sun to rotate once on

-39.357278

II. 28 days

III. 24 hours

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The correct answer is: III. to explain the mechanism that caused the continents to move. In the 1940s, with the development of technology used on submarines, scientists were able to use radar and sonar to scan the ocean floors and identify the boundaries between continents. This allowed them to use data collected during the

-55.449146

III. to explain the mechanism that caused the continents to move

1

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The correct answers are: I. Flossing has proven to be an effective method of improving oral health. II. Many infectious diseases, such as gum disease, are caused by microorganisms. IV. An individual who flosses daily will be less likely to get gum disease than one who flosses weekly.

-4.782826

II. Many infectious diseases, such as gum disease, are caused by microorganisms.

IV. An individual who flosses daily will be less likely to get gum disease than one who flosses weekly.

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7d8b9e1ac439429d4e98a988b273181600575ffbdaba5acd5cfb4a43c8f62c95

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To find the momentum of the baseball, we use the formula: p = mv Where p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity. The mass of the baseball is given as 0.15 kg, and the velocity is given as 43 m/s. p = 0.15 kg

-21.912158

I. 3.8 kg x m/s

II. 6.0 kg x m/s

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The correct answer is: II. affecting gamete formation. Explanation: Somatic cell mutation refers to changes that occur in adult body cells (somatic cells) rather than in the reproductive cells (gametes, such as sperm and eggs). These changes can occur due to various factors, but affecting gamete formation is

-42.30649

II. affecting gamete formation

III. leading to tumors in tissue

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dc628ac6cd0b5bebe033676c6f911f9bd53c168dcf2159e4635566b964d9b25d

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The correct answer is: II. asteroids or III. the Milky Way galaxy Explanation: Asteroids are visible to the naked eye from a distance, while the Milky Way galaxy is also visible by its overall brightness and can be seen without a telescope.

-42.42789

III. the Milky Way galaxy

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The correct answer is: II. a snack company producing energy bars. The stem is an important part of many plants, serving as a structural support, storage for food, and a transportation system for nutrients. In this sense, a snack company producing energy bars can be considered similar to a stem, as it provides physical structure

-54.054492

II. a snack company producing energy bars

IV. an elevator transporting supplies from one floor to another

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The correct answer is: II. Both jars contain solutions. Explanation: Salt and pepper are both substances that dissolve in water to create a mixture. When pour into two separate containers of water, they only create solutions, not mixtures.

-63.707938

II. Both jars contain solutions.

I. Both jars contain mixtures.

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The correct answer is: II. calculate the total mass of all of the finished boats. A key factor to ensure that the paper sailboats will float without tipping over in the water is to calculate the total mass of all the finished boats. This is because a large number of boats would put excessive weight on the water,

-34.450862

II. calculate the total mass of all of the finished boats

I. construct a prototype of a boat for testing

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The correct answers are: I. alert residents to the possibility of fire. II. warn residents when a dangerous gas is present. Explanation: Carbon monoxide (CO) detectors are specifically designed to alert residents quickly and clearly when carbon monoxide levels in the home are higher than safe limits, indicating a potential fire hazard.

-35.908919

IV. advise people of an increase in temperature in the home.

II. warn residents when a dangerous gas is present.

0

985d9573de8ce5f821e0d0821a43b1d8c300d05ef1c82220cceaaf17b809cab3

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The correct answer is: II. states of matter. Explanation: Gases are indeed both a state of matter and can be easily compressed, and how they can expand to fill their containers. State of matter: II. This option refers to the physical conditions under which matter exists, which includes temperature and pressure. Gases

-83.65754

II. states of matter.

III. properties of matter.

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a18217ac5b7867f8bbd27a9403dd3d1846822bca53e71c867968f5ea1d6462fa

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The correct answer is: II. alter their behavior based on past experience. Explanation: Mice learning to press a lever to press a food lever allows them to survive and adapt to their environment by strategy-based problem-solving and learning. By repeating the behavior, mice modify their own behavior to obtain food. They learn to associate

-86.052293

II. alter their behavior based on past experience.

1

e0c0498e82647de21b8001336e758a316c21dea5f05f12f297f6b6ed9bd992e6

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The correct answers are: I. Magma or lava is cooled. II. Materials are pressed together. III. Chemical reactions change minerals. IV. Earthquakes cause small pieces to fall. Explanation: Sedimentary rocks are formed through a process called sedimentation, where materials such as sand, silt, and clay

-12.828169

III. Chemical reactions change minerals.

II. Materials are pressed together.

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The correct answers are: II. nucleus, cell membrane, and cell wall. Explanation: - The nucleus is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored and transcribed into RNA. - The cell membrane is the outermost structure that distinguishes the inside of a cell from its outside. - The cell wall is

-43.952917

II. nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane

IV. cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondrion

0

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The correct answer is: II. The ball reflects light. Explanation: When light hits a polished metal ball, the metallic atoms arrange themselves in a way that reflects the light rays, making the ball look shiny. The ball doesn't absorb light, so it can reflect it away, which gives off a shiny appearance.

-58.086903

II. The ball reflects light.

1