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[ "Stephen Hawking", "I have heard of him, he was a genius!", "I didn't realize he did all that! But, I'm not surprised, and he sure was a role model for many!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ Stephen William Hawking, ( born 8 January 1942) is an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, author and Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ His scientific works include a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation, often called Hawking radiation.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ Hawking was the first to set out a theory of cosmology explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ He is a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ Hawking is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA), a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the US.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ In 2002, Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009 and has achieved commercial success with works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general; his book \"A Brief History of Time\" appeared on the British \"Sunday Times\" best-seller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ Stephen William Hawking, ( born 8 January 1942) is an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, author and Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ His scientific works include a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation, often called Hawking radiation.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ Hawking was the first to set out a theory of cosmology explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ He is a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ Hawking is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA), a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the US.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ In 2002, Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009 and has achieved commercial success with works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general; his book \"A Brief History of Time\" appeared on the British \"Sunday Times\" best-seller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks.", "Genius (website) __knowledge__ Genius (formerly Rap Genius) is a North American digital media company.", "Genius (website) __knowledge__ Originally founded in August 2009 by Tom Lehman, Ilan Zechory, and Mahbod Moghadam, the site allows users to provide annotations and interpretation of song lyrics, news stories, sources, poetry, and documents.", "Genius (website) __knowledge__ Originally launched as Rap Genius with a focus on hip-hop music, the company attracted the attention and support of celebrities, and venture capital enabling further growth.", "Genius (website) __knowledge__ The site expanded in 2014 to cover other forms of media, such as pop, literature, R&B, and added an annotation-embedded platform.", "Genius (website) __knowledge__ That same year, an iPhone app was released.", "Imperial cult of ancient Rome __knowledge__ The Imperial cult of ancient Rome identified emperors and some members of their families with the divinely sanctioned authority (\"auctoritas\") of the Roman State.", "Imperial cult of ancient Rome __knowledge__ Its framework was formulated during the early Principate of Augustus, and was rapidly established throughout the Empire and its provinces, with marked local variations in its reception and expression.", "Imperial cult of ancient Rome __knowledge__ Augustus's reforms transformed Rome's Republican system of government to a \"de facto\" monarchy, couched in traditional Roman practices and Republican values.", "Imperial cult of ancient Rome __knowledge__ The \"princeps\" (later known as Emperor) was expected to balance the interests of the Roman military, Senate and people, and to maintain peace, security and prosperity throughout an ethnically diverse empire.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Characters of Shakespear's Plays is an 1817 book of criticism of Shakespeare's plays, written by early nineteenth century English essayist and literary critic William Hazlitt.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Composed in reaction to the neoclassical approach to Shakespeare's plays typified by Samuel Johnson, it was among the first English-language studies of Shakespeare's plays to follow the manner of German critic August Wilhelm Schlegel, and, with the work of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, paved the way for the increased appreciation of Shakespeare's genius that was characteristic of later nineteenth-century criticism.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ It was also the first book to cover all of Shakespeare's plays, intended as a guide for the general reader.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Genius (mythology) __knowledge__ In Roman religion, the genius (; plural \"geniī\") is the individual instance of a general divine nature that is present in every individual person, place, or thing.", "Genius (mythology) __knowledge__ Much like a guardian angel, the genius would follow each man from the hour of his birth until the day he died.", "Genius (mythology) __knowledge__ For women, it was the \"Juno\" spirit that would accompany each of them.", "Genius (mythology) __knowledge__ Each individual place had a \"genius\" (\"genius loci\") and so did powerful objects, such as volcanoes.", "Genius (mythology) __knowledge__ The concept extended to some specifics: the genius of the theatre, of vineyards, and of festivals, which made performances successful, grapes grow, and celebrations succeed, respectively.", "Genius __knowledge__ A genius is a person who displays exceptional intellectual ability, creative productivity, universality in genres or originality, typically to a degree that is associated with the achievement of new advances in a domain of knowledge.", "Genius __knowledge__ Despite the presence of scholars in many subjects throughout history, many geniuses have shown high achievements in only a single kind of activity.", "Genius __knowledge__ There is no scientifically precise definition of genius, and the question of whether the notion itself has any real meaning has long been a subject of debate, although psychologists are converging on a definition that emphasizes creativity and eminent achievement.", "Brian Wilson is a genius __knowledge__ \"Brian Wilson is a genius\" is a tagline created by English journalist Derek Taylor in 1966, who was then employed as publicist for American rock band the Beach Boys.", "Brian Wilson is a genius __knowledge__ It was part of a larger campaign designed to update the band's outdated surfer image and promote Brian Wilson's then-unheralded reputation as the \"genius\" behind the group.", "Brian Wilson is a genius __knowledge__ By the end of the year, \"NME\" conducted a reader's poll that placed Wilson as the fourth-ranked \"World Music Personality\"—about 1,000 votes ahead of Bob Dylan and 500 behind John Lennon.", "Brian Wilson is a genius __knowledge__ The campaign ultimately bore a number of unintended consequences for the band's reputation and internal dynamic, and the hype generated by the campaign has been credited as a contributing factor in Wilson's professional and psychological decline.", "They Saved Lisa's Brain __knowledge__ \"They Saved Lisa's Brain\" is the twenty-second episode of \"The Simpsons\" tenth season.", "They Saved Lisa's Brain __knowledge__ It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 9, 1999.", "They Saved Lisa's Brain __knowledge__ In the episode, after writing a thoughtful letter to the \"Springfield Shopper\", Lisa is invited to join the Springfield chapter of Mensa.", "They Saved Lisa's Brain __knowledge__ When Mayor Quimby later flees Springfield, the group takes control of the town, hoping to improve the lives of Springfieldians through the rule of the smartest.", "They Saved Lisa's Brain __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Homer poses for a series of erotic photos.", "They Saved Lisa's Brain __knowledge__ \"They Saved Lisa's Brain\" was directed by Pete Michels and written by Matt Selman, although the idea for the episode was pitched by former staff writer George Meyer.", "The Hawking Excitation __knowledge__ \"The Hawking Excitation\" is the 21st episode of the fifth season of \"The Big Bang Theory\" that first aired on CBS on April 5, 2012.", "The Hawking Excitation __knowledge__ It is the 108th episode overall.", "The Hawking Excitation __knowledge__ After learning that Stephen Hawking is coming to lecture at Caltech, Howard (Simon Helberg) is hired to maintain his wheelchair equipment.", "The Hawking Excitation __knowledge__ When Sheldon (Jim Parsons) discovers this, he is desperate to meet Hawking.", "The Hawking Excitation __knowledge__ Howard says he can, but only if he completes a humiliating series of tasks.", "The Hawking Excitation __knowledge__ The final scene of the episode features a short cameo appearance by cosmologist Stephen Hawking.", "The Hawking Excitation __knowledge__ Hawking was revealed to appear on the show in March 2012; he was the third high-profile guest star in season 5.", "Starmus Festival __knowledge__ The Starmus International Festival is an international gathering focused on celebrating astronomy, space exploration, music, art, and allied sciences such as biology and chemistry.", "Starmus Festival __knowledge__ It was founded by Garik Israelian, an astronomer at the Institute for Astrophysics in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.", "Starmus Festival __knowledge__ The Festival has featured Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong, Richard Dawkins, Stephen Hawking, Alexei Leonov, Jim Lovell, Brian May, Jill Tarter, Kip Thorne, and Rick Wakeman among others.", "Starmus Festival __knowledge__ In 2007 Brian May, founding guitarist of the rock band Queen, completed his PhD dissertation, which was left unfinished in 1974 when Queen began to achieve significant success.", "The Theory of Everything (2014 film) __knowledge__ The Theory of Everything is a 2014 British biographical romantic drama film directed by James Marsh, and adapted by Anthony McCarten from the memoir \"Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen\" by Jane Hawking, which deals with her relationship with her ex-husband, theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking, his diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease or motor neurone disease), and his success in physics.", "The Theory of Everything (2014 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones, with Charlie Cox, Emily Watson, Simon McBurney, Christian McKay, Harry Lloyd, and David Thewlis featured in supporting roles.", "Symphony of Science __knowledge__ The Symphony of Science is a music project created by Washington-based electronic musician John D. Boswell.", "Symphony of Science __knowledge__ The project seeks to \"spread scientific knowledge and philosophy through musical remixes.\"", "Symphony of Science __knowledge__ Boswell uses pitch-corrected audio and video samples from television programs featuring popular scientists and educators.", "Symphony of Science __knowledge__ The audio and video clips are mixed into digital mashups and scored with Boswell's original compositions.", "Symphony of Science __knowledge__ Two of Boswell's music videos, \"A Glorious Dawn\" and \"We are All Connected\", feature appearances from Carl Sagan, Richard Feynman, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Bill Nye, and Stephen Hawking.", "Garik Israelian __knowledge__ Garik Israelian (, born 1963) is an Armenian astrophysicist and scientist who led the team which found the first observational evidence that supernova explosions are responsible for the formation of stellar mass black holes.", "Garik Israelian __knowledge__ Garik Israelian was born in Yerevan, Armenia in 1963.", "Garik Israelian __knowledge__ He graduated from Yerevan State University in 1987 with a First Class Honors degree in Physics, and completed his PhD in 1992.", "Garik Israelian __knowledge__ Israelian has since worked as a lecturer/researcher in the Universities of Utrecht (The Netherlands), Brussels (Belgium), and Sydney (Australia).", "Garik Israelian __knowledge__ Since 1997 he has been a Principal Investigator for the project \"Stellar chemical abundances: clues on the formation of the Galaxy, black holes and planets\" Garik Israelian has spoken at 67 international conferences and published more than 250 scientific articles on subjects ranging from the discovery of extrasolar planets to the properties of low mass x-ray binaries with black holes and neutron stars." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ Stephen William Hawking, ( born 8 January 1942) is an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, author and Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ His scientific works include a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation, often called Hawking radiation.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ Hawking was the first to set out a theory of cosmology explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ He is a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ Hawking is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA), a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the US.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ In 2002, Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.", "Stephen Hawking __knowledge__ He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009 and has achieved commercial success with works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general; his book \"A Brief History of Time\" appeared on the British \"Sunday Times\" best-seller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks.", "Kim Possible (character) __knowledge__ Kimberly Ann \"Kim\" Possible is a fictional character who appears in the animated television series \"Kim Possible\", voiced by actress Christy Carlson Romano.", "Kim Possible (character) __knowledge__ Created by Bob Schooley and Mark McCorkle, the character debuted in the pilot \"Crush\", which premiered on June 7, 2002.", "Kim Possible (character) __knowledge__ After starring in each of the show's 84 episodes, Kim made her final appearance in the finale \"Graduation, Part 2\", which originally aired on September 7, 2007.", "Kim Possible (character) __knowledge__ A high school cheerleader moonlighting as a teenage crime-fighter, the majority of Kim's missions involve her thwarting the plans of her archnemeses Dr. Drakken, a mad scientist, all-the-while coping with everyday challenges commonly associated with adolescence.", "Erwin Rommel __knowledge__ Erwin Rommel (15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944) was a German general and military theorist.", "Erwin Rommel __knowledge__ Popularly known as the Desert Fox, he served as field marshal in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II.", "Erwin Rommel __knowledge__ Rommel was a highly decorated officer in World War I and was awarded the \"Pour le Mérite\" for his actions on the Italian Front.", "Erwin Rommel __knowledge__ In 1937 he published his classic book on military tactics, \"Infantry Attacks\", drawing on his experiences from World War I.", "Erwin Rommel __knowledge__ In World War II, he distinguished himself as the commander of the 7th Panzer Division during the 1940 invasion of France.", "Erwin Rommel __knowledge__ His leadership of German and Italian forces in the North African Campaign established his reputation as one of the most able tank commanders of the war, and earned him the nickname \"der Wüstenfuchs\", \"the Desert Fox\".", "Her Secret Weapon __knowledge__ Her Secret Weapon (, also called The Secret Weapon and The Secret Weapon, Her) is a 2015 South Korean reality show that focuses on members of lesser-known K-pop girl groups.", "Her Secret Weapon __knowledge__ The show explores what it is that turns people into fans of a certain girl group or individual idol by exposing the charms or \"secret weapons\" of each contestant.", "Her Secret Weapon __knowledge__ As ten contestants show off their hidden talents and charms through competition, their rankings in various missions are decided by a panel of ten judges who were reporters, industry experts, and passionate girl group fans.", "Her Secret Weapon __knowledge__ The show premiered on June 19, 2015, on MBC Every 1.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Santa Barbara\" cast and characters.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ The following characters are notable for their actions or relationships and/or part of a notable family from the series, who warrant their own articles.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ The following are notable characters who do not warrant their own articles.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ \"Rupert Ravens (July 30, 1984-November 28, 1986)\" Danny, Santana's younger brother, was part of the very first teen set on the show.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ Danny and his friends sought fame in Hollywood and even opened a hotel.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ He was involved with Jade Perkins, but their relationship was eventually phased out.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ By 1985 Danny was almost forgotten.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "Cher __knowledge__ Cher (; born Cherilyn Sarkisian; May 20, 1946) is an American singer and actress.", "Cher __knowledge__ Sometimes called the Goddess of Pop, she has been described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry.", "Cher __knowledge__ She is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in numerous areas of entertainment, as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her six-decade-long career.", "Cher __knowledge__ Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song \"I Got You Babe\" reached number one on the American and British charts.", "Cher __knowledge__ By the end of 1967, they had sold 40 million records worldwide and had become, according to \"Time\" magazine, rock's \"it\" couple.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "John Templeton Foundation __knowledge__ The John Templeton Foundation (Templeton Foundation) is a philanthropic organization with a spiritual or religious inclination that funds inter-disciplinary research about human purpose and ultimate reality.", "John Templeton Foundation __knowledge__ It was established in 1987 by investor and philanthropist Sir John Templeton, who had links with fundamentalist Protestantism; his son John Templeton, Jr. took over the presidency until his death in 2015.", "John Templeton Foundation __knowledge__ Heather Templeton Dill became president in June 2015.", "John Templeton Foundation __knowledge__ The mission of the Foundation is: [to serve] as a philanthropic catalyst for discoveries relating to the big questions of human purpose and ultimate reality.", "Future of Life Institute __knowledge__ The Future of Life Institute (FLI) is a volunteer-run research and outreach organization in the Boston area that works to mitigate existential risks facing humanity, particularly existential risk from advanced artificial intelligence (AI).", "Future of Life Institute __knowledge__ Its founders include MIT cosmologist Max Tegmark, Skype co-founder Jaan Tallinn, and its board of advisors includes cosmologist Stephen Hawking and entrepreneur Elon Musk.", "Future of Life Institute __knowledge__ The FLI mission is to catalyze and support research and initiatives for safeguarding life and developing optimistic visions of the future, including positive ways for humanity to steer its own course considering new technologies and challenges.", "B612 Foundation __knowledge__ The B612 Foundation is a private nonprofit foundation headquartered in Mill Valley, California, United States, dedicated to planetary defense against asteroids and other near-Earth object (NEO) impacts.", "B612 Foundation __knowledge__ It is led mainly by scientists, former astronauts and engineers from the Institute for Advanced Study, Southwest Research Institute, Stanford University, NASA and the space industry.", "B612 Foundation __knowledge__ As a non-governmental organization it has conducted two lines of related research to help detect NEOs that could one day strike the Earth, and find the technological means to divert their path to avoid such collisions.", "Starmus Festival __knowledge__ The Starmus International Festival is an international gathering focused on celebrating astronomy, space exploration, music, art, and allied sciences such as biology and chemistry.", "Starmus Festival __knowledge__ It was founded by Garik Israelian, an astronomer at the Institute for Astrophysics in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.", "Starmus Festival __knowledge__ The Festival has featured Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong, Richard Dawkins, Stephen Hawking, Alexei Leonov, Jim Lovell, Brian May, Jill Tarter, Kip Thorne, and Rick Wakeman among others.", "Starmus Festival __knowledge__ In 2007 Brian May, founding guitarist of the rock band Queen, completed his PhD dissertation, which was left unfinished in 1974 when Queen began to achieve significant success.", "Edward Tryon __knowledge__ Edward P. Tryon (born September 4, 1940) is an American scientist and a professor emeritus of physics at Hunter College of the City University of New York.", "Edward Tryon __knowledge__ He was the first physicist to propose that our universe originated as a quantum fluctuation of the vacuum.", "Edward Tryon __knowledge__ Tryon was born and raised in Terre Haute, Indiana.", "Edward Tryon __knowledge__ He took his first physics course in his junior year at Wiley High School.", "Edward Tryon __knowledge__ Tryon entered Cornell University in 1958.", "Edward Tryon __knowledge__ He was influenced by Noble Laureate Hans Bethe, who was one of his professors.", "Edward Tryon __knowledge__ He was especially affected by advice that Bethe gave him: \"Our intuition is based on our experiences in the macroscopic world.", "They Saved Lisa's Brain __knowledge__ \"They Saved Lisa's Brain\" is the twenty-second episode of \"The Simpsons\" tenth season.", "They Saved Lisa's Brain __knowledge__ It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 9, 1999.", "They Saved Lisa's Brain __knowledge__ In the episode, after writing a thoughtful letter to the \"Springfield Shopper\", Lisa is invited to join the Springfield chapter of Mensa.", "They Saved Lisa's Brain __knowledge__ When Mayor Quimby later flees Springfield, the group takes control of the town, hoping to improve the lives of Springfieldians through the rule of the smartest.", "They Saved Lisa's Brain __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Homer poses for a series of erotic photos.", "They Saved Lisa's Brain __knowledge__ \"They Saved Lisa's Brain\" was directed by Pete Michels and written by Matt Selman, although the idea for the episode was pitched by former staff writer George Meyer.", "The Grand Design (book) __knowledge__ The Grand Design is a popular-science book written by physicists Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow and published by Bantam Books in 2010.", "The Grand Design (book) __knowledge__ The book examines the history of scientific knowledge about the universe and explains 11 dimension M-theory.", "The Grand Design (book) __knowledge__ The authors of the book point out that a Unified Field Theory (a theory, based on an early model of the universe, proposed by Albert Einstein and other physicists) may not exist.", "The Grand Design (book) __knowledge__ It argues that invoking God is not necessary to explain the origins of the universe, and that the Big Bang is a consequence of the laws of physics alone.", "The Grand Design (book) __knowledge__ In response to criticism, Hawking has said; \"One can't prove that God doesn't exist, but science makes God unnecessary.\"" ] ]

[ 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Heard of Stephen Hawking, you must've right? He died recently and he lived for over 60 years, which is much more than most with his condition.", "He really was! He was a physicist, cosmologist, and an author!", "I know, he was even a Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology in the University of Cambridge." ]

[ "Stephen Hawking", "Stephen Hawking", "Stephen Hawking" ]

[ "Allergy\nIt seems like my allergies are flaring up lately, since we're in the late summer and we've been getting tons of rain.", "I'm allergic to Septra. Do you know what causes allergies to medications?", "Maybe I have a weak immune system. They are always so bad when the seasons change!", "That dastardly pollen! I wish it would all go away! Is there anything I can do to lessen the effect of pollen allergies?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Allergy __knowledge__ Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to something in the environment that usually causes little or no problem in most people.", "Allergy __knowledge__ These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Common allergens include pollen and certain food.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Metals and other substances may also cause problems.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Their development is due to both genetic and environmental factors.", "Allergy __knowledge__ The underlying mechanism involves immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to a receptor on mast cells or basophils where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically based on a person's medical history.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Further testing of the skin or blood may be useful in certain cases.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Positive tests, however, may not mean there is a significant allergy to the substance in question.", "Environmental issues in the Niger Delta __knowledge__ The key environmental issues in the Niger Delta of Nigeria relate to its petroleum industry.", "Environmental issues in the Niger Delta __knowledge__ The delta covers 20,000 km² within wetlands of 70,000 km² formed primarily by sediment deposition.", "Environmental issues in the Niger Delta __knowledge__ Home to 20 million people and 40 different ethnic groups, this floodplain makes up 7.5% of Nigeria's total land mass.", "Environmental issues in the Niger Delta __knowledge__ It is the largest wetland and maintains the third-largest drainage basin in Africa.", "Environmental issues in the Niger Delta __knowledge__ The Delta's environment can be broken down into four ecological zones: coastal barrier islands, mangrove swamp forests, freshwater swamps, and lowland rainforests.", "Environmental issues in the Niger Delta __knowledge__ This incredibly well-endowed ecosystem contains one of the highest concentrations of biodiversity on the planet, in addition to supporting abundant flora and fauna, arable terrain that can sustain a wide variety of crops, lumber or agricultural trees, and more species of freshwater fish than any ecosystem in West Africa.", "Climate change in Washington __knowledge__ Climate change in the US state of Washington is a subject of study and projection today.", "Climate change in Washington __knowledge__ \"For the most up to date and comprehensive analysis of climate change impacts on Washington State, see the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group 2009 assessment report, available\" here.", "Climate change in Washington __knowledge__ \"Economic Impacts of Climate Change (2007) in Washington State\" summarized impacts on forest fires, public health, agriculture, municipal water supply, sea level rise and fisheries.", "Climate change in Washington __knowledge__ These conclusions have been reached through several predictions, based primarily on temperature and precipitation models for climate change.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The signs and symptoms may range from mild to severe.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ When the symptoms are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Common foods involved include cow's milk, peanuts, eggs, shellfish, fish, tree nuts, soy, wheat, rice, and fruit.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The common allergies vary depending on the country.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Risk factors include a family history of allergies, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and high levels of cleanliness.", "Petroleum industry in Nigeria __knowledge__ The petroleum industry in Nigeria is the largest on the African continent.", "Petroleum industry in Nigeria __knowledge__ As of 2016, Nigeria's petroleum industry contributes about 9% to its economy.", "Petroleum industry in Nigeria __knowledge__ Therefore, though the petroleum sector is important, as government revenues and foreign exchange still heavily rely on this sector, it remains in fact a small part of the country's overall diversified economy.", "Petroleum industry in Nigeria __knowledge__ Crude oil from the delta basin comes in two types: light, and comparatively heavy – the lighter around 36 gravity and the heavier, 20–25 gravity.", "Petroleum industry in Nigeria __knowledge__ Both types are paraffinic and low in sulfur.", "Petroleum industry in Nigeria __knowledge__ The history of oil exploration in Nigeria dates back to 1907 when Nigerian Bitumen Corporation conducted exploratory work in the country; however, the firm left the country at the onset of World War I.", "Allergen __knowledge__ An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body.", "Allergen __knowledge__ Such reactions are called allergies.", "Allergen __knowledge__ In technical terms, an allergen is an antigen capable of stimulating a type-I hypersensitivity reaction in atopic individuals through Immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses.", "Allergen __knowledge__ Most humans mount significant Immunoglobulin E responses only as a defense against parasitic infections.", "Allergen __knowledge__ However, some individuals may respond to many common environmental antigens.", "Allergen __knowledge__ This hereditary predisposition is called atopy.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Allergy __knowledge__ Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to something in the environment that usually causes little or no problem in most people.", "Allergy __knowledge__ These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Common allergens include pollen and certain food.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Metals and other substances may also cause problems.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Their development is due to both genetic and environmental factors.", "Allergy __knowledge__ The underlying mechanism involves immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to a receptor on mast cells or basophils where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically based on a person's medical history.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Further testing of the skin or blood may be useful in certain cases.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Positive tests, however, may not mean there is a significant allergy to the substance in question.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The signs and symptoms may range from mild to severe.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ When the symptoms are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Common foods involved include cow's milk, peanuts, eggs, shellfish, fish, tree nuts, soy, wheat, rice, and fruit.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The common allergies vary depending on the country.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Risk factors include a family history of allergies, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and high levels of cleanliness.", "Allergen __knowledge__ An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body.", "Allergen __knowledge__ Such reactions are called allergies.", "Allergen __knowledge__ In technical terms, an allergen is an antigen capable of stimulating a type-I hypersensitivity reaction in atopic individuals through Immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses.", "Allergen __knowledge__ Most humans mount significant Immunoglobulin E responses only as a defense against parasitic infections.", "Allergen __knowledge__ However, some individuals may respond to many common environmental antigens.", "Allergen __knowledge__ This hereditary predisposition is called atopy.", "Allergic rhinitis __knowledge__ Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is a type of inflammation in the nose which occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air.", "Allergic rhinitis __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, red, itchy, and watery eyes, and swelling around the eyes.", "Allergic rhinitis __knowledge__ The fluid from the nose is usually clear.", "Allergic rhinitis __knowledge__ Symptom onset is often within minutes following exposure and they can affect sleep, the ability to work, and the ability to concentrate at school.", "Allergic rhinitis __knowledge__ Those whose symptoms are due to pollen typically develop symptoms during specific times of the year.", "Allergic rhinitis __knowledge__ Many people with allergic rhinitis also have asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, or atopic dermatitis.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food intolerance is a detrimental reaction, often delayed, to a food, beverage, food additive, or compound found in foods that produces symptoms in one or more body organs and systems, but generally refers to reactions other than food allergy.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food hypersensitivity is used to refer broadly to both food intolerances and food allergies.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food allergies are immune reactions, typically an IgE reaction caused by the release of histamine but also encompassing non-IgE immune responses.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ This mechanism causes allergies to typically give immediate reaction (a few minutes to a few hours) to foods.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food intolerances can be classified according to their mechanism.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ Peanut allergy is a type of food allergy to peanuts.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ It is different from nut allergies.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ Physical symptoms of allergic reaction can include itchiness, urticaria, swelling, eczema, sneezing, asthma, abdominal pain, drop in blood pressure, diarrhea, and cardiac arrest.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ Anaphylaxis may occur.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ It is due to a type I hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system in susceptible individuals.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ The allergy is recognized \"as one of the most severe food allergies due to its prevalence, persistency, and potential severity of allergic reaction.\"", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ Prevention may be partly achieved through early introduction of peanuts to the diets of pregnant women and babies.", "Anaphylaxis __knowledge__ Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death.", "Anaphylaxis __knowledge__ It typically causes more than one of the following: an itchy rash, throat or tongue swelling, shortness of breath, vomiting, lightheadedness, and low blood pressure.", "Anaphylaxis __knowledge__ These symptoms typically come on over minutes to hours.", "Anaphylaxis __knowledge__ Common causes include insect bites and stings, foods, and medications.", "Anaphylaxis __knowledge__ Other causes include latex exposure and exercise.", "Anaphylaxis __knowledge__ Additionally cases may occur without an obvious reason.", "Anaphylaxis __knowledge__ The mechanism involves the release of mediators from certain types of white blood cells triggered by either immunologic or non-immunologic mechanisms.", "Allergen immunotherapy __knowledge__ Allergen immunotherapy, also known as desensitization or hypo-sensitization, is a medical treatment for some types of allergies.", "Allergen immunotherapy __knowledge__ It is useful for environmental allergies, allergies to insect bites, and asthma.", "Allergen immunotherapy __knowledge__ Its benefit for food allergies is unclear and thus not recommended.", "Allergen immunotherapy __knowledge__ Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergen in an attempt to change the immune system's response.", "Allergen immunotherapy __knowledge__ Meta-analyses have found that injections of allergens under the skin are effective in the treatment in allergic rhinitis in children and in asthma.", "Allergen immunotherapy __knowledge__ The benefits may last for years after treatment is stopped.", "Wheat allergy __knowledge__ Wheat allergy is an allergy which typically presents itself as a food allergy, but can also be a contact allergy resulting from occupational exposure to wheat.", "Wheat allergy __knowledge__ Like all allergies, wheat allergy involves immunoglobulin E and mast cell response.", "Wheat allergy __knowledge__ Typically the allergy is limited to the seed storage proteins of wheat, some reactions are restricted to wheat proteins, while others can react across many varieties of seeds and other plant tissues.", "Wheat allergy __knowledge__ Wheat allergy may be a misnomer since there are many allergenic components in wheat, for example serine protease inhibitors, glutelins and prolamins and different responses are often attributed to different proteins.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more of the protein constituents of cow's milk.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms can be rapid or gradual in onset.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ The former may include anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition which requires treatment with epinephrine.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ The latter can take hours to days to appear.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Presentations may include atopic dermatitis, inflammation of the esophagus, enteropathy involving the small intestine and proctocolitis involving the rectum and colon.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Management is by avoiding eating any food that contains dairy.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Exposure to low levels of milk proteins is a health risk.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ In people with IgE-mediated food allergy the individual threshold dose capable of provoking an allergic reaction can vary widely, but is in a low milligram range." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Allergy __knowledge__ Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to something in the environment that usually causes little or no problem in most people.", "Allergy __knowledge__ These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Common allergens include pollen and certain food.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Metals and other substances may also cause problems.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Their development is due to both genetic and environmental factors.", "Allergy __knowledge__ The underlying mechanism involves immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to a receptor on mast cells or basophils where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically based on a person's medical history.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Further testing of the skin or blood may be useful in certain cases.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Positive tests, however, may not mean there is a significant allergy to the substance in question.", "Toxoplasmosis __knowledge__ Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by \"Toxoplasma gondii\".", "Toxoplasmosis __knowledge__ Infections with toxoplasmosis usually cause no obvious symptoms in adults.", "Toxoplasmosis __knowledge__ Occasionally there may be a few weeks or months of mild flu-like illness such as muscle aches and tender lymph nodes.", "Toxoplasmosis __knowledge__ In a small number of people, eye problems may develop.", "Toxoplasmosis __knowledge__ In those with a weak immune system, severe symptoms such as seizures and poor coordination may occur.", "Toxoplasmosis __knowledge__ If infected during pregnancy, a condition known as congenital toxoplasmosis may affect the child.", "Toxoplasmosis __knowledge__ Toxoplasmosis is usually spread by eating poorly cooked food that contains cysts, exposure to infected cat feces, and from a mother to a child during pregnancy if the mother becomes infected.", "Immune system __knowledge__ The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.", "Immune system __knowledge__ To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue.", "Immune system __knowledge__ In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.", "Immune system __knowledge__ In humans, the blood–brain barrier, blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid–brain barriers separate the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system, which protects the brain.", "Candidiasis __knowledge__ Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to any type of \"Candida\" (a type of yeast).", "Candidiasis __knowledge__ When it affects the mouth, it is commonly called thrush.", "Candidiasis __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms include white patches on the tongue or other areas of the mouth and throat.", "Candidiasis __knowledge__ Other symptoms may include soreness and problems swallowing.", "Candidiasis __knowledge__ When it affects the vagina, it is commonly called a yeast infection.", "Candidiasis __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms include genital itching, burning, and sometimes a white \"cottage cheese-like\" discharge from the vagina.", "Candidiasis __knowledge__ Less commonly the penis may be affected, resulting in itchiness.", "Candidiasis __knowledge__ Very rarely, the infection may become invasive, spreading to other parts of the body.", "Adaptive immune system __knowledge__ The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune system or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth.", "Adaptive immune system __knowledge__ The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system).", "Adaptive immune system __knowledge__ Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, and leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen.", "Adaptive immune system __knowledge__ This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.", "Antibody __knowledge__ An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.", "Antibody __knowledge__ The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen, via the Fab's variable region.", "Antibody __knowledge__ Each tip of the \"Y\" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (similarly analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision.", "Antibody __knowledge__ Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can \"tag\" a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize its target directly (for example, by blocking a part of a microbe that is essential for its invasion and survival).", "Innate immune system __knowledge__ The innate immune system, also known as the non-specific immune system or in-born immunity system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms.", "Innate immune system __knowledge__ The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system, the system does not provide long-lasting immunity to the host.", "Innate immune system __knowledge__ Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life.", "Innate immune system __knowledge__ The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.", "T helper cell __knowledge__ The T helper cells (T cells) are a type of T cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system.", "T helper cell __knowledge__ They help the activity of other immune cells by releasing T cell cytokines.", "T helper cell __knowledge__ These cells help suppress or regulate immune responses.", "T helper cell __knowledge__ They are essential in B cell antibody class switching, in the activation and growth of cytotoxic T cells, and in maximizing bactericidal activity of phagocytes such as macrophages.", "T helper cell __knowledge__ Mature T cells express the surface protein CD4 and are referred to as CD4 T cells.", "T helper cell __knowledge__ Such CD4 T cells are generally treated as having a pre-defined role as helper T cells within the immune system.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The signs and symptoms may range from mild to severe.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ When the symptoms are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Common foods involved include cow's milk, peanuts, eggs, shellfish, fish, tree nuts, soy, wheat, rice, and fruit.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The common allergies vary depending on the country.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Risk factors include a family history of allergies, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and high levels of cleanliness.", "Immune tolerance __knowledge__ Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immunotolerance, is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in given organism.", "Immune tolerance __knowledge__ It contrasts with conventional immune-mediated elimination of foreign antigens (see Immune response).", "Immune tolerance __knowledge__ Tolerance is classified into central tolerance or peripheral tolerance depending on where the state is originally induced—in the thymus and bone marrow (central) or in other tissues and lymph nodes (peripheral).", "Immune tolerance __knowledge__ The mechanisms by which these forms of tolerance are established are distinct, but the resulting effect is similar.", "Allergen __knowledge__ An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body.", "Allergen __knowledge__ Such reactions are called allergies.", "Allergen __knowledge__ In technical terms, an allergen is an antigen capable of stimulating a type-I hypersensitivity reaction in atopic individuals through Immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses.", "Allergen __knowledge__ Most humans mount significant Immunoglobulin E responses only as a defense against parasitic infections.", "Allergen __knowledge__ However, some individuals may respond to many common environmental antigens.", "Allergen __knowledge__ This hereditary predisposition is called atopy.", "Hygiene hypothesis __knowledge__ In medicine, the hygiene hypothesis is a hypothesis that states a lack of early childhood exposure to infectious agents, symbiotic microorganisms (such as the gut flora or probiotics), and parasites increases susceptibility to allergic diseases by suppressing the natural development of the immune system.", "Hygiene hypothesis __knowledge__ In particular, the lack of exposure is thought to lead to defects in the establishment of immune tolerance.", "Hygiene hypothesis __knowledge__ The hygiene hypothesis has also been called the \"biome depletion theory\" and the \"lost friends theory\".", "Hygiene hypothesis __knowledge__ The original formulation of the hygiene hypothesis dates from 1989 when David Strachan proposed that lower incidence of infection in early childhood could be an explanation for the rapid 20th century rise in allergic diseases such as asthma and hay fever." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Allergy __knowledge__ Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to something in the environment that usually causes little or no problem in most people.", "Allergy __knowledge__ These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Common allergens include pollen and certain food.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Metals and other substances may also cause problems.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Their development is due to both genetic and environmental factors.", "Allergy __knowledge__ The underlying mechanism involves immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to a receptor on mast cells or basophils where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically based on a person's medical history.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Further testing of the skin or blood may be useful in certain cases.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Positive tests, however, may not mean there is a significant allergy to the substance in question.", "Pollen __knowledge__ Pollen is a fine to coarse powdery substance comprising pollen grains which are male microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce male gametes (sperm cells).", "Pollen __knowledge__ Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophytes during the process of their movement from the stamens to the pistil of flowering plants, or from the male cone to the female cone of coniferous plants.", "Pollen __knowledge__ If pollen lands on a compatible pistil or female cone, it germinates, producing a pollen tube that transfers the sperm to the ovule containing the female gametophyte.", "Pollen __knowledge__ Individual pollen grains are small enough to require magnification to see detail.", "Oral allergy syndrome __knowledge__ Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is an allergic reaction in the mouth following eating food.", "Oral allergy syndrome __knowledge__ It is a type of food allergy classified by a cluster of allergic reactions in the mouth in response to eating certain (usually fresh) fruits, nuts, and vegetables that typically develops in adults with hay fever.", "Oral allergy syndrome __knowledge__ OAS is perhaps the most common food-related allergy in adults.", "Oral allergy syndrome __knowledge__ OAS is not a separate food allergy, but rather represents cross-reactivity between distant remnants of tree or weed pollen still found in certain fruits and vegetables.", "Oral allergy syndrome __knowledge__ Therefore, OAS is only seen in people with seasonal pollen allergies, and mostly people who are allergic to tree pollen.", "OPALS (Ogren Plant Allergy Scale) __knowledge__ OPALS is an acronym for Ogren Plant Allergy Scale.", "OPALS (Ogren Plant Allergy Scale) __knowledge__ It is an allergy rating system for plants that measures the potential of a plant to cause allergic reactions in humans.", "OPALS (Ogren Plant Allergy Scale) __knowledge__ The OPALS allergy scale was first published in \"Allergy-Free Gardening\", by Thomas Leo Ogren, in 2000.", "OPALS (Ogren Plant Allergy Scale) __knowledge__ It covers over 3,000 common trees, shrubs, flowers, and grasses.", "OPALS (Ogren Plant Allergy Scale) __knowledge__ The allergy scale was updated and extended in 2015 in \"The Allergy-Fighting Garden\".", "OPALS (Ogren Plant Allergy Scale) __knowledge__ The Ogren Plant Allergy Scale takes into account pollen allergies, contact allergies, and odor allergies, with higher weighting given to pollen allergies that are caused by inhaling pollen into the lungs.", "Bee pollen __knowledge__ Bee pollen is the pollen ball that has been packed by worker honeybees into pellets.", "Bee pollen __knowledge__ Bee bread is also the bee pollen with added nectar and enzymes and stored in brood cells, chambers of honeybees or of wood and mud created by female ground-nesting (such as the Leafcutting Bee) bees.", "Bee pollen __knowledge__ With the Leafcutting Bee, when the pollen ball is complete, a single female lays an egg on top of the pollen ball, and seals the brood cell.", "Bee pollen __knowledge__ Pollen balls are harvested as food for humans.", "Bee pollen __knowledge__ Bee pollen is sometimes referred to as \"ambrosia\"., whereas with honey bees, the thing to keep in mind is that the forager bees that gather pollen do not eat it themselves, since when they transition to foraging, they stop producing the proteolytic enzymes necessary to digest it.", "Allergen __knowledge__ An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body.", "Allergen __knowledge__ Such reactions are called allergies.", "Allergen __knowledge__ In technical terms, an allergen is an antigen capable of stimulating a type-I hypersensitivity reaction in atopic individuals through Immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses.", "Allergen __knowledge__ Most humans mount significant Immunoglobulin E responses only as a defense against parasitic infections.", "Allergen __knowledge__ However, some individuals may respond to many common environmental antigens.", "Allergen __knowledge__ This hereditary predisposition is called atopy.", "Flower __knowledge__ A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms).", "Flower __knowledge__ The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.", "Flower __knowledge__ Flowers may facilitate outcrossing (fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower).", "Flower __knowledge__ Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization (parthenocarpy).", "Flower __knowledge__ Flowers contain sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop.", "Immune system __knowledge__ The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.", "Immune system __knowledge__ To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue.", "Immune system __knowledge__ In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.", "Immune system __knowledge__ In humans, the blood–brain barrier, blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid–brain barriers separate the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system, which protects the brain.", "Hygiene hypothesis __knowledge__ In medicine, the hygiene hypothesis is a hypothesis that states a lack of early childhood exposure to infectious agents, symbiotic microorganisms (such as the gut flora or probiotics), and parasites increases susceptibility to allergic diseases by suppressing the natural development of the immune system.", "Hygiene hypothesis __knowledge__ In particular, the lack of exposure is thought to lead to defects in the establishment of immune tolerance.", "Hygiene hypothesis __knowledge__ The hygiene hypothesis has also been called the \"biome depletion theory\" and the \"lost friends theory\".", "Hygiene hypothesis __knowledge__ The original formulation of the hygiene hypothesis dates from 1989 when David Strachan proposed that lower incidence of infection in early childhood could be an explanation for the rapid 20th century rise in allergic diseases such as asthma and hay fever.", "Colony collapse disorder __knowledge__ Colony collapse disorder (CCD) is the phenomenon that occurs when the majority of worker bees in a colony disappear and leave behind a queen, plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees and the queen.", "Colony collapse disorder __knowledge__ While such disappearances have occurred throughout the history of apiculture, and were known by various names (disappearing disease, spring dwindle, May disease, autumn collapse, and fall dwindle disease), the syndrome was renamed colony collapse disorder in late 2006 in conjunction with a drastic rise in the number of disappearances of western honey bee (\"Apis mellifera\") colonies in North America.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The signs and symptoms may range from mild to severe.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ When the symptoms are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Common foods involved include cow's milk, peanuts, eggs, shellfish, fish, tree nuts, soy, wheat, rice, and fruit.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The common allergies vary depending on the country.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Risk factors include a family history of allergies, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and high levels of cleanliness.", "Immune tolerance __knowledge__ Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immunotolerance, is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in given organism.", "Immune tolerance __knowledge__ It contrasts with conventional immune-mediated elimination of foreign antigens (see Immune response).", "Immune tolerance __knowledge__ Tolerance is classified into central tolerance or peripheral tolerance depending on where the state is originally induced—in the thymus and bone marrow (central) or in other tissues and lymph nodes (peripheral).", "Immune tolerance __knowledge__ The mechanisms by which these forms of tolerance are established are distinct, but the resulting effect is similar." ] ]

[ 2, 8, 5, 0 ]

[ "Same here. I have bad hay fever cos of the aspen fluffs. Allergies also include food allergies, dermatitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis", "Could be environmental or genetic. In any case, an allergy is always your body's immune system over-responding to a perceived threat", "No it's the opposite - means your immune system is too strong and vigilant. Season change is common - a lot of people are allergic to pollen ", "Well you want to lessen the effect of your body's anti-inflammatory response (usually histamines). You can try OTC pills, and if those don't work there are shots and other treatments available from your doctor" ]

[ "Allergy", "Allergy", "Allergy", "Allergy" ]

[ "Dog\nI absolutely love dogs I have three at home!", "Oh I am not fond of that at all. It's a love hate relationship definitely.", "I guess, but most of the time they are too inbred and it creates problems. Great Danes for example, if improperly bred, suffer from hip problems, digestive issues, and other things.", "Yeah I have two blue heelers that herd my neighbors goats, but with the popular Aaron Rodgers commercial the breed will get popular and people won't properly take care of those pups.", "Definitely, we selfishly put ourselves ahead of other species" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Must Love Dogs is a 2005 American romantic comedy film based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Starring Diane Lane and John Cusack, it is the second and final film directed and written by Gary David Goldberg and was produced on a budget of $30 million.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ The film focuses on a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Production started on October 12, 2004 with a final release date of July 29, 2005.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Critics opinions were mostly negative but indicated that the actors were not to blame.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ \"Must Love Dogs\" took the fifth spot on its opening weekend and has grossed more than $58 million worldwide.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ Stephanie Kay Bentley (born April 29, 1963 in Thomasville, Georgia) is an American country music artist.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ She made her debut in 1996 as a duet partner on Ty Herndon's single \"Heart Half Empty\", which peaked at No.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ 21 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ The single was included both on Herndon's 1995 debut album \"What Mattered Most\" and on Bentley's 1996 debut album \"Hopechest\".", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ It produced three more singles for her on the country charts, although only one (\"Who's That Girl\") reached Top 40.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ Bentley found success as a songwriter, having penned Faith Hill's 1999 crossover single \"Breathe\", as well as Martina McBride's 2002 Top 5 hit \"Concrete Angel\".", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows: An Introduction to Carnism (2009) is a book by American social psychologist Melanie Joy about the belief system and psychology of meat eating, or \"carnism\".", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Joy coined the term \"carnism\" in 2001 and developed it in her doctoral dissertation in 2003.", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Carnism is a subset of speciesism, and contrasts with ethical veganism, the moral commitment to abstain from consuming or using meat and other animal products.", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Joy, an animal advocate, was concerned about linguistic bias inherent in terms like \"carnivore\", which were inaccurate and failed to account for the \"beliefs beneath the behavior\".", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ Melanie Joy (born 2 September, 1966) is an American social psychologist and vegan activist, primarily notable for promulgating the term carnism.", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ She is a professor of psychology and sociology at the University of Massachusetts Boston, as well as the president of Beyond Carnism, also known as Carnism Awareness & Action Network (CAAN), a non-profit advocacy group which she founded in 2010.", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ She has published two books, \"Strategic Action for Animals\" and \"Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows\".", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ Joy received her M.Ed.", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, and her Ph.D. in psychology from the Saybrook Graduate School.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Reborn (Trapt album) __knowledge__ Reborn is the sixth album by rock band Trapt released on January 22, 2013.", "Reborn (Trapt album) __knowledge__ It is their first album released through Epochal Artists Records/EMI.", "Reborn (Trapt album) __knowledge__ The album was produced by lead vocalist Chris Taylor Brown and co produced, engineered and mixed by Matt Thorne, who produced the band's live album \"Trapt Live!\"", "Reborn (Trapt album) __knowledge__ and compilation album \"Headstrong\".", "Reborn (Trapt album) __knowledge__ This is the band's first album released independently.", "Reborn (Trapt album) __knowledge__ The first single, \"Bring It\", was released on December 7, 2011.", "Reborn (Trapt album) __knowledge__ A second single titled \"Love Hate Relationship'\" was released on iTunes on October 2, 2012, along with a remastered version of \"Bring It\".", "Reborn (Trapt album) __knowledge__ A third single, \"Living in the Eye of the Storm\" was released in February 2013 with a music video paying tribute to US soldiers.", "Love Hate (album) __knowledge__ Love Hate is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter The-Dream.", "Love Hate (album) __knowledge__ It was released on December 11, 2007, by his Def Jam-imprint label Radio Killa.", "Love Hate (album) __knowledge__ The album's title is the abbreviation for \"Love me all summer, hate me all winter\".", "Love Hate (album) __knowledge__ The album contains the elements for its outing as primarily a R&B and pop album, with the production that was provided by Christopher Stewart and Carlos McKinney.", "Love Hate (album) __knowledge__ The album was inspired by the works of musical styles derived from the 1980s for its works from Prince and Michael Jackson.", "Love Hate (album) __knowledge__ The album features two guest appearances from American rapper Fabolous, and fellow recording artist Rihanna.", "Love vs. Money (The-Dream album) __knowledge__ Love vs. Money is the second studio album by American recording artist The-Dream, released on March 10, 2009, by Radio Killa and Def Jam Recordings.", "Love vs. Money (The-Dream album) __knowledge__ It is the follow-up to his 2007 debut \"Love Hate\" and was written and produced primarily by The-Dream and creative partner Christopher \"Tricky\" Stewart.", "Love vs. Money (The-Dream album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place at several recording studios, including Chung King Studios in New York City and Studio at the Palms in Las Vegas.", "Love vs. Money (The-Dream album) __knowledge__ Expanding on its predecessor's R&B aesthetics, the album incorporates elements of electro and pop music.", "Love vs. Money (The-Dream album) __knowledge__ With the album, The-Dream sought to amplify the dynamics of his debut album.", "Love–hate relationship __knowledge__ A love–hate relationship is an interpersonal relationship involving simultaneous or alternating emotions of love and hate—something particularly common when emotions are intense.", "Love–hate relationship __knowledge__ The term is used frequently in psychology, popular writing, and journalism.", "Love–hate relationship __knowledge__ It can be applied to relationships with inanimate objects, or even concepts, as well as those of a romantic nature or between siblings and parents/children.", "Love–hate relationship __knowledge__ A love–hate relationship has been linked to the occurrence of emotional ambivalence in early childhood; to conflicting responses by different ego states within the same person; or to the inevitable co-existence of egoistic conflicts with the object of love.", "Ami James __knowledge__ Ami James (born April 6, 1972) is an American tattoo artist, television personality and entrepreneur His father, an American, converted to Judaism three years prior to moving to Israel, where he joined the Israeli army and met James' mother who emigrated from Bucharest.", "Ami James __knowledge__ James lived in both Israel and Egypt as a child, and spent much of his childhood without his father who left the family when James was four years old.", "Ami James __knowledge__ Suffering from severe ADD, James explains that he was drawn into art and tattooing from a young age, as his father had tattoos and was also a painter.", "Ami James __knowledge__ James moved to the United States aged 11 or 12, living with his father's parents before moving to Miami at the age of 12.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in the comic book series The Boys, created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The Boys are a CIA black ops team, initially created by Col. Greg Mallory to manage, police, and sometimes liquidate Vought-American's superhumans.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ While this is in part to help protect normal humans from the actions of the largely out of control \"supes,\" this is also to ensure that the company lack the stability or the platform to push the use of superhumans in national defense.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ Over time, however, the team's focus was changed, due to Butcher's increased influence, from one of management and containment to one of direct confrontation.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the universe of Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10\" franchise, which includes \"Ben 10\", \"\", \"\", \"\", and \"Ben 10 (Reboot)\".", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Portrayed by: Benjamin Kirby \"Ben\" Tennyson (alias \"Ben 10\") is the main character of the franchise.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ He is a 10-year-old boy child from Bellwood who found the Omnitrix during his summer vacation with his Grandfather Max Tennyson and his cousin Gwen Tennyson.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ The Omnitrix attached to his wrist and gives him the powers and abilities to become different aliens.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ He uses these powers to defeat evil while trying to escape the alien warlord Vilgax, who chases after him unstoppably in order to retrieve the Omnitrix.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ A mongrel, mixed-breed dog or mutt is a dog that does not belong to one recognized breed and is not the result of intentional breeding.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Estimates place their numbers at 150 million animals worldwide.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Although the term \"mixed-breed dog\" is preferred by some, many mongrels have no known purebred ancestors.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Furthermore, crossbreed dogs, while literally a mix of breeds, differ from mongrels in being intentionally bred.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Although mongrels have at times been considered somehow lesser than intentionally bred dogs, they are thought to be less susceptible to genetic health problems associated with dog breeding (based on the theory of heterosis), and have enthusiasts and defenders who prefer them to intentionally bred dogs.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Canine reproduction __knowledge__ Canine reproduction is the process of sexual reproduction in domestic dogs.", "Canine reproduction __knowledge__ In domestic dogs, sexual maturity (puberty) occurs between the ages of 6 to 12 months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years of age for some large breeds.", "Canine reproduction __knowledge__ Pregnancy is possible as soon as the first estrus cycle, but breeding is not recommended prior to the second cycle.", "Canine reproduction __knowledge__ As with other domesticated species, domestication has selectively bred for higher libido, and earlier and more frequent breeding cycles in dogs than in their ancestors.", "Canine reproduction __knowledge__ The average length of the reproductive cycle for females is 2–4 weeks.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ Dog fighting is a type of blood sport generally defined as two or more game dogs against one another in a ring or a pit for the entertainment of the spectators or the gratification of the dogfighters, who are sometimes referred to as dogmen.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ In rural areas, fights are often staged in barns or outdoor pits; in urban areas, fights may occur in garages, basements, warehouses, abandoned buildings, back alleys, neighborhood playgrounds, or in the streets.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ Dog fights usually last until one dog is declared a winner, which occurs when one dog fails to scratch, one dog dies, or one dog jumps out of the pit.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ Pedigree Dogs Exposed is a BBC One investigative documentary, produced by Jemima Harrison, which looks into health and welfare issues facing pedigree dogs in the United Kingdom.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It was originally broadcast on 19 August 2008.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The Kennel Club (KC), the governing body of pedigree dogs in the UK which runs the prestigious dog breed show Crufts, was criticised for allowing breed standards, judging standards and breeding practices to compromise the health of .", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The programme generated much criticism of the Kennel Club.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It also caused various sponsors and trade exhibitors to withdraw their participation from Crufts and other Kennel Club events." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Albany Great Danes __knowledge__ The Albany Great Danes are the NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletic programs of the University at Albany, SUNY, located in Albany, New York, United States.", "Albany Great Danes __knowledge__ A member of the America East Conference, the University at Albany, SUNY sponsors teams in eight men's and ten women's NCAA sanctioned sports.", "Albany Great Danes __knowledge__ The football team is an associate member of the Colonial Athletic Association, and the women's golf team is an associate member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference.", "Albany Great Danes __knowledge__ The University's intercollegiate athletics date back to the late 1890s, but its development was hampered for several decades by inadequate facilities, uncertain financial support, and the relatively small number of male students in an institution designed to develop elementary school teachers.", "Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse __knowledge__ The Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse team represents the University at Albany in NCAA Division I men's college lacrosse.", "Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse __knowledge__ Albany currently competes in the America East Conference and plays its home games on John Fallon Field.", "Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse __knowledge__ The team has reached the NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championship tournament nine times.", "Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse __knowledge__ The Great Danes are currently coached by Scott Marr.", "Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse __knowledge__ The program began in 1970 with a 3–7 record competing in Division III.", "Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse __knowledge__ In 1975, the program would reach the ECAC Division III Tournament under coach Dave Armstrong.", "Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse __knowledge__ From 1975 to 1997, the Great Danes would reach two more ECAC Division III Tournaments.", "Albany Great Danes men's basketball __knowledge__ The Albany Great Danes Basketball team is the basketball team that represent the University at Albany, State University of New York in Albany, New York.", "Albany Great Danes men's basketball __knowledge__ The school's team currently competes in the America East Conference and plays its home games at SEFCU Arena.", "Albany Great Danes men's basketball __knowledge__ The team played in the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament in 2006, 2007, 2013, and 2014, 2015.", "Albany Great Danes men's basketball __knowledge__ They also made the CIT in 2016 and 2017, and are currently coached by Will Brown.", "Albany Great Danes men's basketball __knowledge__ Richard “Doc” Sauers served as Great Danes men's basketball coach from 1955 to 1997, with a short break in the 1987-88 season.", "Albany Great Danes men's basketball __knowledge__ He led the program to eleven NCAA College Division/Division III and four NAIA post-season tournament appearances in his tenure.", "Albany Great Danes football __knowledge__ The Albany Great Danes football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University at Albany located in the U.S. state of New York.", "Albany Great Danes football __knowledge__ The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) as a football-only member of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA).", "Albany Great Danes football __knowledge__ The 2013 season was the Great Danes' first in the CAA, following a 14-year tenure in the Northeast Conference.", "Albany Great Danes football __knowledge__ Albany played football as a club sport in the 1920s, but dropped that program in 1924.", "Albany Great Danes football __knowledge__ The modern era of Albany football began in 1970, when the school restored football as a club sport.", "Great Dane __knowledge__ The Great Dane is a large German breed of domestic dog known for its giant size.", "Great Dane __knowledge__ The German name of the breed is \"Deutsche Dogge\", or German Mastiff.", "Great Dane __knowledge__ The French name is \"Dogue Allemand.\"", "Great Dane __knowledge__ The Great Dane is one of the tallest dog breeds.", "Great Dane __knowledge__ The record holder for tallest dog was a Great Dane called Zeus (died September 2014; aged 5), that measured from paw to shoulder.", "Great Dane __knowledge__ Large boarhounds resembling the Great Dane appear in ancient Greece, in frescoes from Tiryns dating back to the 14th–13th centuries BC.", "Great Dane __knowledge__ These large boarhounds continue to appear throughout ancient Greece in subsequent centuries up to the Hellenistic era.", "Rhodesian Ridgeback __knowledge__ The Rhodesian ridgeback is a dog breed developed in South Africa.", "Rhodesian Ridgeback __knowledge__ Its European forebears can be traced to the early pioneers of the Cape Colony of southern Africa, who crossed their dogs with the semi-domesticated, ridged hunting dogs of the Khoikhoi.", "Rhodesian Ridgeback __knowledge__ The Rhodesian Ridgeback has also previously been known as Van Rooyen's lion dog or the African lion hound or African lion dog\"simba inja\" in Ndebele, \"shumba imbwa\" in Shonabecause of its ability to keep a lion at bay while awaiting its master's arrival to make the kill.", "Rhodesian Ridgeback __knowledge__ The original breed standard was drafted by F. R. Barnes, in Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), in 1922.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ Pedigree Dogs Exposed is a BBC One investigative documentary, produced by Jemima Harrison, which looks into health and welfare issues facing pedigree dogs in the United Kingdom.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It was originally broadcast on 19 August 2008.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The Kennel Club (KC), the governing body of pedigree dogs in the UK which runs the prestigious dog breed show Crufts, was criticised for allowing breed standards, judging standards and breeding practices to compromise the health of .", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The programme generated much criticism of the Kennel Club.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It also caused various sponsors and trade exhibitors to withdraw their participation from Crufts and other Kennel Club events.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "DONT __knowledge__ In the card game contract bridge, DONT is a conventional overcall used to interfere with an opponent's one notrump (1NT) opening bid.", "DONT __knowledge__ DONT, an acronym for Disturb Opponents' Notrump, was designed by Marty Bergen, and is therefore also referred to as \"Bergen over Notrump\".", "DONT __knowledge__ Although the method is often criticized for being too nebulous, it remains fairly popular.", "DONT __knowledge__ The convention was first published in the September/October 1989 issue of \"Bridge Today\".", "DONT __knowledge__ In DONT, the two-level overcalls of trump show a two suiter of the suit bid and an unspecified higher-ranking suit.", "DONT __knowledge__ The feature distinguishing DONT from other similar conventions such as Cappelletti is the use of the double to show length in one suit, rather than hand strength or for .", "Vector Prime (Transformers) __knowledge__ Vector Prime is a fictional character from the \"\" toyline, animated series and comics.", "Vector Prime (Transformers) __knowledge__ In fiction he is an ancient Autobot, one of the first ever created, with powers over time and space, and turns into a spaceship.", "Vector Prime (Transformers) __knowledge__ He was voiced by Sho Hayami in the Japanese anime series \"Transformers: Galaxy Force\", and by Richard Newman when the show was dubbed into English as \"Transformers: Cybertron\".", "Vector Prime (Transformers) __knowledge__ He was also the central character in the early Transformers comics by Fun Publications.", "Vector Prime (Transformers) __knowledge__ A singular entity within the multiverse, Vector Prime is one of the Original Thirteen Transformers created by Primus to combat the threat posed by his eternal foe, the Chaos-Bringer, Unicron.", "Gregory Yob __knowledge__ Gregory Yob (June 18, 1945 – October 13, 2005) was an American computer game game designer.", "Gregory Yob __knowledge__ Gregory was born in Eugene, Oregon.", "Gregory Yob __knowledge__ An article about his experiment on simulating gravitational fields with droplets of water on a soap bubble was published in \"Scientific American\" in December 1964, under \"The Amateur Scientist\".", "Gregory Yob __knowledge__ His one published game, \"Hunt the Wumpus\" (1975), written while he was attending University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, is one of the earliest adventure games.", "Gregory Yob __knowledge__ While living in Palo Alto, California, Yob came across logic games on a mainframe computer named \"Hurkle\", \"Snark\", and \"Mugwump\".", "Broken Age __knowledge__ Broken Age is a point-and-click adventure video game developed and published by Double Fine Productions.", "Broken Age __knowledge__ \"Broken Age\" was game director Tim Schafer's first return to the genre since 1998's \"Grim Fandango\", and was released for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, iOS, Android, PlayStation 4, and PlayStation Vita platforms.", "Broken Age __knowledge__ The game was developed in two acts; the first was released on January 28, 2014 (two weeks earlier for Kickstarter backers), and the second was released on April 28, 2015.", "Broken Age __knowledge__ A retail version of the complete game for Windows, OS X, and Linux, published by Nordic Games, was released on April 28, 2015." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Blue Heelers __knowledge__ Blue Heelers is an Australian police drama series that was produced by Southern Star Group and ran for 12 years on the Seven Network, from 1994 to 2006.", "Blue Heelers __knowledge__ Although based around the policing of the town, the series generally depicted the everyday lives and relationships of the residents of Mount Thomas, a fictional small town in Victoria.", "Blue Heelers __knowledge__ The series was one of the highest-rated and most-awarded programs in the history of Australian television.", "Blue Heelers __knowledge__ It is noted for its two main stars Lisa McCune, a four-time recipient of the Gold Logie, and John Wood, who also won Gold.", "Blue Heelers __knowledge__ \"Blue Heelers\" was first aired on 10 September 1993, with the episode \"A Woman's Place\".", "List of recurring Blue Heelers characters __knowledge__ This is a list of all recurring/semi-regular cast members over the Australian television programme \"Blue Heelers\" 13 season run between 1994–2006.", "List of recurring Blue Heelers characters __knowledge__ Chief Superintendent Clive Adamson was a fictional character in the long-running Australian police drama \"Blue Heelers\".", "List of recurring Blue Heelers characters __knowledge__ He originally appeared in the show between 1995 and 1996 as the regional Chief Superintendent based in the fictional city of Evanleigh and was usually only seen in Mount Thomas in the aftermath of some major drama.", "List of recurring Blue Heelers characters __knowledge__ As a chief superintendent, he outranked the Heelers and also the district inspector and thus was not the favourite person of Ted Faulkner.", "2009 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ The 2009 Green Bay Packers season was the 91st season over all and their 89th in the National Football League.", "2009 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ The Packers finished with an 11–5 record but lost in the wild card round of the playoffs to the Arizona Cardinals.", "2009 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ They scored a franchise record 461 points (currently the third best behind the 2011 and 2014 teams) besting the 1996 Super Bowl team's 456.", "2009 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ Charles Woodson was named Defensive Player of the Year for the season, leading the league with 9 interceptions.", "2009 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ The defense ranked 2nd overall in the league (1st against the run; 2nd against the pass).", "2009 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ After finishing the 2008 season with a 6–10 record, the Packers held the 9th selection in the 2009 NFL Draft.", "2008 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ The 2008 Green Bay Packers season was the 90th season overall and 88th in the National Football League.", "2008 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ They looked to continue success after posting a 13–3 record in 2007, but they failed to do so and finished the season with a losing 6–10 record.", "2008 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ Until the 2017 season, this was the last season that the Packers didn't qualify for the playoffs.", "2008 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ The Packers held Pick 1–30 in the NFL Draft but traded it to the New York Jets for picks 2–36 and 4–113.", "2008 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ In the second round they selected wide receiver Jordy Nelson of Kansas State with pick 2–36, quarterback Brian Brohm of Louisville with pick 2–56 and cornerback Pat Lee of Auburn with pick 2–60.", "Blue Heelers (season 13) __knowledge__ The thirteenth and final season of the Australian police drama \"Blue Heelers\" premiered on the Seven Network on 1 April 2006 and aired on Saturday nights at 8:30 pm.", "Blue Heelers (season 13) __knowledge__ The 11-episode season concluded 4 June 2006, due to its cancellation by the Seven Network as a result of its sharp decline in ratings.", "Blue Heelers (season 13) __knowledge__ When, in late 2005, the time came to renew \"Blue Heelers\", Seven commissioned eleven further episodes to be produced, but its future after this was still undecided.", "Blue Heelers (season 13) __knowledge__ In January 2006, Seven officially announced that they had cancelled Blue Heelers, but would air a final shortened season of only 11 episodes in mid-2006—the 11 episodes which had been filmed in late 2005, before \"Blue Heelers\" had been cancelled.", "2013 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ The Green Bay Packers season was the franchise's 95th season overall, the 93rd in the National Football League, and the eighth under head coach Mike McCarthy.", "2013 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ The Packers came into the 2013 season looking to win the NFC North for the 3rd year in a row.", "2013 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ They were coming off a 45-31 loss to the San Francisco 49ers in the NFC Divisional Playoffs.", "2013 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ The Packers started the 2013 season with a rematch with the 49ers in San Francisco.", "2013 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ They lost the game 34-28.", "2013 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ After winning their home opener against the Redskins, they lost 34-30 in Cincinnati to the Bengals after they had a 30-14 lead in the 3rd quarter.", "2011 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ The Green Bay Packers season was the franchise's 93rd season overall and their 91st in the National Football League, and the sixth under head coach Mike McCarthy.", "2011 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ The team not only improved on their 10–6 record from a season earlier, they became just the sixth team in NFL history to win 15 games during the regular season.", "2011 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ As of 2017, the 15–1 record stands as the best in team history.", "2011 Green Bay Packers season __knowledge__ The Packers won their first 13 games of the season to extend their winning streak from the previous season to 19, the second-longest in NFL history behind the 21-game winning streak of the New England Patriots in 2003 and 2004, and also tied the record for the best start to a season in NFC history that the New Orleans Saints had set in 2009.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ Little Star () is a 2010 horror/drama novel written by John Ajvide Lindqvist.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ It is named after \"Lilla stjärna\", the Swedish entry to the Eurovision Song Contest 1958 held in Hilversum, the Netherlands.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ In 1992, a musician named Lennart finds in the woods an infant left for dead.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ He takes her to his wife, Laila, and the two raise the child in secrecy, believing that her catatonic and trance-like state will result in her being perceived as mentally ill. Their adult son, Jerry, frequently visits the child, whom he names Theres.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ Lennart becomes obsessed with Theres due to her angelic voice.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ He convinces her never to leave the house by telling her that the world is full of \"big people\" who want to eat up the \"little people,\" like her.", "Shock collar __knowledge__ The term shock collar is a term used in order to describe a family of training collars (also called e-collars, Ecollars, remote training collars, Zap collars, or electronic collars) that deliver electrical shocks of varying intensity and duration to the neck of a dog (they can also be applied to other places on the dog's body, to achieve various training effects) via a radio-controlled electronic device incorporated into a dog collar.", "Shock collar __knowledge__ Some collar models also include a tone or vibrational setting, as an alternative to or in conjunction with the shock.", "Shock collar __knowledge__ Others include integration with Internet mapping capabilities and GPS to locate the dog or alert an owner of his/her whereabouts.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ A herding dog, also known as a stock dog or working dog, is a type of pastoral dog that either has been trained in herding or belongs to breeds developed for herding.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Their ability to be trained to act on the sound of a whistle or word of command is renowned throughout the world.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Collies are recommended as herding dogs.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ All herding behavior is modified predatory behavior.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Through selective breeding, humans have been able to minimize the dog's natural inclination to treat cattle and sheep as prey while simultaneously maintaining the dog's hunting skills, thereby creating an effective herding dog.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The Greater Swiss Mountain Dog ( or ) is a dog breed which was developed in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The name \"Sennenhund\" refers to people called \"Senn\" or \"Senner\", dairymen and herders in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs are almost certainly the result of indigenous dogs mating with large mastiff types brought to Switzerland by foreign settlers.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ At one time, the breed was believed to have been among the most popular in Switzerland.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ It was assumed to have almost died out by the late 19th century, since its work was being done by other breeds or machines, but was rediscovered in the early 1900s.", "Crosswind kite power __knowledge__ Crosswind kite power is power derived from a class of airborne wind-energy conversion systems (AWECS, aka AWES) or crosswind kite power systems (CWKPS) characterized by a kite system that has energy-harvesting parts that fly transverse to the direction of the ambient wind, i.e., to crosswind mode; sometimes the entire wing set and tether set is flown in crosswind mode.", "Crosswind kite power __knowledge__ These systems at many scales from toy to power-grid-feeding sizes may be used as high-altitude wind power (HAWP) devices or low-altitude wind power (LAWP) devices without having to use towers.", "Crosswind kite power __knowledge__ Flexible wings or rigid wings may be used in the kite system." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Corbin Bleu __knowledge__ Corbin Bleu Reivers (; born February 21, 1989), known professionally as Corbin Bleu, is an American actor, model, dancer, film producer and singer-songwriter.", "Corbin Bleu __knowledge__ He performed in the \"High School Musical\" film series (2006–2008).", "Corbin Bleu __knowledge__ Songs from the films also charted worldwide, with the song \"I Don't Dance\" peaking inside the Top 10 of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Corbin Bleu __knowledge__ During this time, he also starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie \"Jump In!\"", "Corbin Bleu __knowledge__ (2007).", "Corbin Bleu __knowledge__ His first lead role was in the film \"Catch That Kid\" (2004).", "Corbin Bleu __knowledge__ He has since appeared in the Discovery Kids drama series \"Flight 29 Down\" (2005–2007), as well as the film \"To Write Love on Her Arms\" (2015).", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Behavioral ecology, also spelled behavioural ecology, is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behaviors that are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ If an organism has a trait that provides a selective advantage (i.e., has adaptive significance) in its environment, then natural selection favors it.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Adaptive significance refers to the expression of a trait that affects fitness, measured by an individual's reproductive success.", "History of United States prison systems __knowledge__ Imprisonment as a form of criminal punishment only became widespread in the United States just before the American Revolution, though penal incarceration efforts had been ongoing in England since as early as the 1500s, and prisons in the form of dungeons and various detention facilities had existed since long before then.", "History of United States prison systems __knowledge__ Prison building efforts in the United States came in three major waves.", "History of United States prison systems __knowledge__ The first began during the Jacksonian Era and led to widespread use of imprisonment and rehabilitative labor as the primary penalty for most crimes in nearly all states by the time of the American world war one.", "Thomas Cromwell __knowledge__ Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex ( or ; 1485 – 28 July 1540) was an English lawyer and statesman who served as chief minister to King Henry VIII of England from 1532 to 1540.", "Thomas Cromwell __knowledge__ Cromwell was one of the strongest and most powerful advocates of the English Reformation.", "Thomas Cromwell __knowledge__ He helped to engineer an annulment of the king's marriage to Queen Catherine so that Henry could lawfully marry Anne Boleyn.", "Thomas Cromwell __knowledge__ Henry failed to obtain the Pope's approval for the annulment in 1534, so Parliament endorsed the king's claim to be Supreme Head of the Church of England, giving him the authority to annul his own marriage.", "Thomas Cromwell __knowledge__ Cromwell subsequently charted an evangelical and reformist course for the Church of England from the unique posts of vicegerent in spirituals and vicar-general.", "1998–99 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ The 1998–99 season was the most successful season in the history of Manchester United Football Club.", "1998–99 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ After finishing the previous season without winning any titles, United won a treble of trophies (the Premier League, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League), the first side in English football to achieve such a feat.", "1998–99 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ During the campaign United lost only five times, including a one-off Charity Shield fixture, in the League Cup against eventual winners Tottenham Hotspur and their only home defeat, a league match against Middlesbrough in December 1998.", "1998–99 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ A run of 33 games unbeaten in all competitions began on 26 December at home to Nottingham Forest.", "Cyropaedia __knowledge__ The Cyropaedia, sometimes spelled Cyropedia, is a largely fictional biography of Cyrus the Great the founder of Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian Empire.", "Cyropaedia __knowledge__ It was written around 370 BC by the Athenian gentleman-soldier, and student of Socrates, Xenophon of Athens.", "Cyropaedia __knowledge__ The Latinized title \"Cyropaedia\" derives from Greek \"Kúrou paideía\" (), meaning \"The Education of Cyrus\".", "Cyropaedia __knowledge__ Aspects of it would become a model for medieval writers of the genre known as mirrors for princes.", "Cyropaedia __knowledge__ In turn it was a strong influence upon the most well-known but atypical of these, Machiavelli's \"The Prince\", which was an important influence in the rejection of medieval political thinking, and the development of modern politics.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ The \"Planet of the Apes\" franchise contains many characters that appear in one or more works.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ Caesar (birth name: Milo) is a fictional character in the \"\"Planet of the Apes\" franchise\".", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ He is the leader and later ruler of the apes in both the original and the 2011 reboot series.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ He does not appear in the 2001 film.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ Caesar is the son of talking chimpanzees Cornelius and Zira.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ Originally named Milo after Dr. Milo, who travelled back in time with Cornelius and Zira to the Earth of Taylor's era, he was reared by his human foster father Armando, a traveling circus owner who gave Cornelius and Zira sanctuary when Zira went into labor in the final act of \"Escape from the Planet of the Apes\".", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication refers to the use of communication to facilitate social development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication engages stakeholders and policy makers, establishes conducive environments, assesses risks and opportunities and promotes information exchanges to bring about positive social change via sustainable development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication techniques include information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change and community participation.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication has been labeled the \"Fifth Theory of the Press\", with \"social transformation and development\", and \"the fulfillment of basic needs\" as its primary purposes.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Dog health __knowledge__ The health of dogs is a well studied area in veterinary medicine.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Infectious diseases that affect dogs are important not only from a veterinary standpoint, but also because of the risk to public health; an example of this is rabies.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Genetic disorders also affect dogs, often due to selective breeding to produce individual dog breeds.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Due to the popularity of both commercial and homemade dog foods, nutrition is also a heavily studied subject.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Some diseases and other health problems are common to both humans and dogs; others are unique to dogs and other animals.", "Dog health __knowledge__ Dogs are susceptible to various diseases; similarly to humans, they can have diabetes, epilepsy, cancer, or arthritis.", "Sociocultural evolution __knowledge__ Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or cultural evolution are theories of cultural and social evolution that describe how cultures and societies change over time.", "Sociocultural evolution __knowledge__ Whereas sociocultural development traces processes that tend to increase the complexity of a society or culture, sociocultural evolution also considers process that can lead to decreases in complexity (degeneration) or that can produce variation or proliferation without any seemingly significant changes in complexity (cladogenesis).", "Sociocultural evolution __knowledge__ Sociocultural evolution is \"the process by which structural reorganization is affected through time, eventually producing a form or structure which is qualitatively different from the ancestral form\".", "Sociobiology: The New Synthesis __knowledge__ Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (1975; 25th anniversary edition 2000) is a book by E. O. Wilson.", "Sociobiology: The New Synthesis __knowledge__ It helped start the sociobiology debate, one of the great scientific controversies in biology of the 20th century and part of the wider debate about evolutionary psychology and the modern synthesis of evolutionary biology.", "Sociobiology: The New Synthesis __knowledge__ Wilson popularized the term \"sociobiology\" as an attempt to explain the evolutionary mechanics behind social behaviour such as altruism, aggression, and the nurturing of the young.", "Sociobiology: The New Synthesis __knowledge__ It formed a position within the long-running nature versus nurture debate.", "Sociobiology: The New Synthesis __knowledge__ The fundamental principle guiding sociobiology is that an organism's evolutionary success is measured by the extent to which its genes are represented in the next generation." ] ]

[ 3, 4, 7, 8, 59 ]

[ "I have one dog! I love selectively bred dogs.", "I think it leads to dogs being uniquely attuned. Dont you think?", "Yes, I see where you're coming from, but theres also potential for dogs proficient in hunting and herding, pulling loads, ", "Yes that is the unfortunate part, where the influence of human society neglects the needs of dogs.", "I think genetic disorders that affect dogs, often due to selective breeding are because of us" ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Piano\nI play the piano", "Yes and I started when I was 4, it's fun and rewarding as a pass time", "It has strings, but a lot of the time you can't see them as they're covered to create a different sound", "They say the older something is that's still around, the longer it will survive" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Conrad Tao __knowledge__ Conrad Yiwen Tao (born June 11, 1994) is an American composer and pianist and former violinist.", "Conrad Tao __knowledge__ Tao's piano and violin performances since childhood brought him early recognition at music festivals and competitions, and he is receiving critical praise for his recitals and concerts with symphony orchestras.", "Conrad Tao __knowledge__ At age 13, he was featured on the PBS TV series \"From the Top – Live from Carnegie Hall\" as violinist, pianist and composer.", "Conrad Tao __knowledge__ Critics have found promise in his early compositions, and he won eight consecutive ASCAP Morton Gould Young Composer Awards.", "Conrad Tao __knowledge__ Dallas Symphony Orchestra commissioned and premiered, in 2013, an orchestral work by Tao, to observe the 50th anniversary of the assassination of John F. Kennedy, and Tao continues to produce new compositions.", "Steinway & Sons __knowledge__ Steinway & Sons, also known as Steinway, () is an American-German piano company, founded in 1853 in Manhattan, New York City, the United States, by German immigrant Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg (later known as Henry E. Steinway).", "Steinway & Sons __knowledge__ The company's growth led to the opening of a factory in Queens, New York City, the United States, and a factory in Hamburg, Germany.", "Steinway & Sons __knowledge__ The factory in Queens supplies the Americas and the factory in Hamburg supplies the rest of the world.", "Steinway & Sons __knowledge__ Steinway has been described as a prominent piano company, known for making pianos of high quality and for inventions within the area of piano development.", "List of compositions by Jan Ladislav Dussek __knowledge__ This is a list of compositions by Jan Ladislav Dussek.", "List of compositions by Jan Ladislav Dussek __knowledge__ Cataloging Dussek's compositions has a history of its own.", "List of compositions by Jan Ladislav Dussek __knowledge__ Dussek's oeuvre has historically been difficult to organize, due in part to the number of publishers who originally published his work, and to the fact that some of his works were published by more than one publisher.", "List of compositions by Jan Ladislav Dussek __knowledge__ Some works published by different publishers were assigned different opus numbers; sometimes different works were given then same opus number by different publishers.", "List of compositions by Jan Ladislav Dussek __knowledge__ Dussek further complicated this by arranging works for different instrument combinations.", "List of compositions by Jan Ladislav Dussek __knowledge__ The Artaria Company published a thematic catalog of his works that is incomplete, prompting Howard Craw to develop a new thematic catalog in 1964.", "The Piano Lesson __knowledge__ The Piano Lesson is a 1987 play by American playwright August Wilson.", "The Piano Lesson __knowledge__ It is the fourth play in Wilson's \"The Pittsburgh Cycle\".", "The Piano Lesson __knowledge__ Wilson began writing this play by playing with the various answers regarding the possibility of \"acquir[ing] a sense of self-worth by denying one's past\".", "The Piano Lesson __knowledge__ \"The Piano Lesson\" received the 1990 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.", "The Piano Lesson __knowledge__ A Romare Bearden painting, \"The Piano Lesson\", inspired Wilson to write a play featuring a strong female character to confront African-American history, paralleling Troy in earlier \"Fences\".", "The Piano Lesson __knowledge__ However, on finishing his play, Wilson found the ending to stray from the empowered female character as well as from the question regarding self-worth.", "Richard Faith __knowledge__ American composer Richard Faith (born 1926) has been known primarily in university music circles as a concert pianist, professor of piano, and a published composer of piano pedagogy literature, orchestral and chamber works, opera and most prolifically, song.", "Richard Faith __knowledge__ A neo-romantic, Faith has always been first and foremost a melodist.", "Richard Faith __knowledge__ Richard Bruce Faith was born on March 20, 1926, in Evansville, Indiana.", "Richard Faith __knowledge__ His mother was a homemaker active in community affairs, and his father, a dentist.", "Richard Faith __knowledge__ Both parents were very supportive of his choice to become a musician as they too came from musical backgrounds.", "Richard Faith __knowledge__ Faith's mother studied piano before her five children were born; his father picked up musical skills without a teacher and played piano, violin and sang in the church choir.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small number of performers, with one performer to a part (in contrast to orchestral music, in which each string part is played by a number of performers).", "Chamber music __knowledge__ However, by convention, it usually does not include solo instrument performances.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Because of its intimate nature, chamber music has been described as \"the music of friends\".", "Chamber music __knowledge__ For more than 100 years, chamber music was played primarily by amateur musicians in their homes, and even today, when chamber music performance has migrated from the home to the concert hall, many musicians, amateur and professional, still play chamber music for their own pleasure." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Pass Time __knowledge__ Pass Time is an American game show that aired on Speed from 2008 to 2013.", "Pass Time __knowledge__ On the show, two contestants compete against each other and \"resident expert\" Kenneth Herring, attempting to predict the pass times (the elapsed time from a standing start until crossing the finish line 1/4 mile or 1320 feet away) of a series of drag racers.", "Pass Time __knowledge__ \"Pass Time\" was hosted by Speed personality Brett Wagner, and Paige Simpson served as the show's \"car wrangler\".", "Pass Time __knowledge__ Simpson rarely spoke on-camera during the show, although she was the only one to speak on-camera in a 2011 promotional ad for the show, giving directions to Wagner and Herring.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Sunday, Cruddy Sunday __knowledge__ \"Sunday, Cruddy Sunday\" is the twelfth episode of \"The Simpsons\" tenth season.", "Sunday, Cruddy Sunday __knowledge__ It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 31, 1999, just after Super Bowl XXXIII and the premiere of \"Family Guy\".", "Sunday, Cruddy Sunday __knowledge__ In the episode, while buying new tires for his car, Homer meets a travel agent called Wally Kogen.", "Sunday, Cruddy Sunday __knowledge__ After becoming friends, Kogen offers Homer a free bus ride to the Super Bowl, as long as he can find enough people to fill Kogen's bus.", "Sunday, Cruddy Sunday __knowledge__ Several people, including Bart, tag along what soon becomes a problematic trip.", "Sunday, Cruddy Sunday __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Marge and Lisa set out to find the missing parts of \"Vincent Price's Egg Magic\", a celebrity-endorsed craft kit.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ The 2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented Pennsylvania State University in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ The team was coached by Bill O'Brien and played its home games in Beaver Stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ They were a member of the Big Ten Conference and its Leaders Division.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ Penn State was ineligible to play in a bowl game for the 2013 season, the second season of a four-year ban, due to NCAA sanctions imposed in the wake of the Penn State child sex abuse scandal.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ Before the season, Penn State had an open competition to win the starting quarterback position; true freshman Christian Hackenberg won and started all 12 games for the Nittany Lions.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Richard Christopher \"Rick\" Wakeman (born 18 May 1949) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, television and radio presenter, and author.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the progressive rock band Yes across five tenures between 1971 and 2004 and for his solo albums released in the 1970s.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is a current member of Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin and Rick Wakeman.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Born and raised in West London, Wakeman intended to be a concert pianist but quit his studies at the Royal College of Music in 1969 to become a full-time session musician.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ His early sessions included playing on \"Space Oddity\", among others, for David Bowie and songs by Junior's Eyes, T. Rex, Elton John, and Cat Stevens.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Springfield (The Simpsons) __knowledge__ Springfield is the fictional town in which the American animated sitcom \"The Simpsons\" is set.", "Springfield (The Simpsons) __knowledge__ A mid-sized town in an undetermined state of the United States, Springfield acts as a complete universe in which characters can explore the issues faced by modern society.", "Springfield (The Simpsons) __knowledge__ The geography of the town and its surroundings is flexible, changing to address whatever an episode's plot calls for.", "Springfield (The Simpsons) __knowledge__ Springfield's location is impossible to determine, and the show is deliberately evasive on the subject, providing contradictory clues and information about its location.", "Springfield (The Simpsons) __knowledge__ Springfield is intended to represent \"anytown, USA\" and not be a specific real town, although the producers acknowledge basing the town on numerous locations including \"The Simpsons\" creator Matt Groening's hometown of Portland, Oregon, and Mike Scully's hometown, Springfield, Massachusetts.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ A musical instrument is an instrument created or adapted to make musical sounds.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ In principle, any object that produces sound can be considered a musical instrument—it is through purpose that the object becomes a musical instrument.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ The history of musical instruments dates to the beginnings of human culture.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ Early musical instruments may have been used for ritual, such as a trumpet to signal success on the hunt, or a drum in a religious ceremony.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ Cultures eventually developed composition and performance of melodies for entertainment.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ Musical instruments evolved in step with changing applications.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "Experimental musical instrument __knowledge__ An experimental musical instrument (or custom-made instrument) is a musical instrument that modifies or extends an existing instrument or class of instruments, or defines or creates a new class of instrument.", "Experimental musical instrument __knowledge__ Some are created through simple modifications, such as cracked drum cymbals or metal objects inserted between piano strings in a prepared piano.", "Experimental musical instrument __knowledge__ Some experimental instruments are created from household items like a homemade mute for brass instruments such as bathtub plugs.", "Experimental musical instrument __knowledge__ Other experimental instruments are created from electronic spare parts, or by mixing acoustic instruments with electric components.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Music technology is the use of any device, mechanism, machine or tool by a musician or composer to make or perform music; to compose, notate, play back or record songs or pieces; or to analyze or edit music.", "Music technology __knowledge__ The earliest known applications of technology to music was prehistoric peoples' use of a tool to hand-drill holes in bones to make simple flutes.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians developed stringed instruments, such as harps, lyres and lutes, which required making thin strings and some type of peg system for adjusting the pitch of the strings.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians also used wind instruments such as double clarinets and percussion instruments such as cymbals." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The classical guitar (also known as concert guitar, classical acoustic, nylon-string guitar, or Spanish guitar) is the member of the guitar family used in classical music.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ It is an acoustical wooden guitar with strings made of nylon, rather than the metal strings used in acoustic and electric guitars.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The traditional classical guitar has twelve frets clear of the body and is held on the left leg, so that the hand that plucks or strums the strings does so near the back of the soundhole (this is called the classical position).", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The modern steel string guitar, on the other hand, usually has fourteen frets clear of the body (see Dreadnought) and is commonly played off the hip.", "String (music) __knowledge__ A string is the vibrating element that produces sound in string instruments such as the guitar, harp, piano (piano wire), and members of the violin family.", "String (music) __knowledge__ Strings are lengths of a flexible material that a musical instrument holds under tension so that they can vibrate freely, but controllably.", "String (music) __knowledge__ Strings may be \"plain\", consisting only of a single material, like steel, nylon, or gut, or wound, having a \"core\" of one material and an overwinding of another.", "String (music) __knowledge__ This is to make the string vibrate at the desired pitch, while maintaining a low profile and sufficient flexibility for playability.", "String (music) __knowledge__ The invention of wound strings, such as nylon covered in wound metal, was a crucial step in string instrument technology, because a metal-wound string can produce a lower pitch than a catgut string of similar thickness.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ Piano pedals are foot-operated levers at the base of a piano which change the instrument's sound in various ways.", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ Modern pianos usually have three pedals, from left to right, the soft pedal (or una corda), the sostenuto pedal, and the sustaining pedal (or damper pedal).", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ Some pianos omit the sostenuto pedal, or have a middle pedal with a different purpose such as a muting function also known as silent piano.", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ The development of the piano's pedals is an evolution that began from the very earliest days of the piano, and continued through the late 19th century.", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ Throughout the years, the piano had as few as one modifying stop, and as many as six or more, before finally arriving at its current configuration of three.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ A musical instrument is an instrument created or adapted to make musical sounds.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ In principle, any object that produces sound can be considered a musical instrument—it is through purpose that the object becomes a musical instrument.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ The history of musical instruments dates to the beginnings of human culture.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ Early musical instruments may have been used for ritual, such as a trumpet to signal success on the hunt, or a drum in a religious ceremony.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ Cultures eventually developed composition and performance of melodies for entertainment.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ Musical instruments evolved in step with changing applications.", "Experimental musical instrument __knowledge__ An experimental musical instrument (or custom-made instrument) is a musical instrument that modifies or extends an existing instrument or class of instruments, or defines or creates a new class of instrument.", "Experimental musical instrument __knowledge__ Some are created through simple modifications, such as cracked drum cymbals or metal objects inserted between piano strings in a prepared piano.", "Experimental musical instrument __knowledge__ Some experimental instruments are created from household items like a homemade mute for brass instruments such as bathtub plugs.", "Experimental musical instrument __knowledge__ Other experimental instruments are created from electronic spare parts, or by mixing acoustic instruments with electric components.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Music technology is the use of any device, mechanism, machine or tool by a musician or composer to make or perform music; to compose, notate, play back or record songs or pieces; or to analyze or edit music.", "Music technology __knowledge__ The earliest known applications of technology to music was prehistoric peoples' use of a tool to hand-drill holes in bones to make simple flutes.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians developed stringed instruments, such as harps, lyres and lutes, which required making thin strings and some type of peg system for adjusting the pitch of the strings.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians also used wind instruments such as double clarinets and percussion instruments such as cymbals." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "When the World Is Running Down, You Make the Best of What's Still Around __knowledge__ \"When the World Is Running Down, You Make the Best of What's Still Around\" is a song written by Sting that was first released by The Police on their 1980 album \"Zenyatta Mondatta\".", "When the World Is Running Down, You Make the Best of What's Still Around __knowledge__ A medley of \"When the World Is Running Down, You Make the Best of What's Still Around\" with another song from \"Zenyatta Mondatta\", \"Voices Inside My Head\", reached No.", "When the World Is Running Down, You Make the Best of What's Still Around __knowledge__ 3 on the \"Billboard\" Dance Music/Club Play Singles chart in 1981.", "When the World Is Running Down, You Make the Best of What's Still Around __knowledge__ In 2000, a remix version credited to Different Gear versus the Police reached No.", "When the World Is Running Down, You Make the Best of What's Still Around __knowledge__ 28 on the UK charts.", "When the World Is Running Down, You Make the Best of What's Still Around __knowledge__ \"When the World Is Running Down, You Make the Best of What's Still Around\" was one of Sting's earliest attempts at a song whose lyrics deal with concerns of the outside world rather than just his own issues.", "Electoral Carlism (Second Republic) __knowledge__ In terms of electoral success Carlism of the Second Republic remained a medium-small political grouping, by far outperformed by large parties like PSOE and CEDA though trailing behind also medium-large contenders like Izquierda Republicana.", "Electoral Carlism (Second Republic) __knowledge__ During 3 electoral campaigns to the Cortes combined the Carlists seized less than 50 seats, which is below 3% of all seats available.", "Electoral Carlism (Second Republic) __knowledge__ Disorganized during the 1931 elections, the Carlist candidates were a first-choice political option for some 50,000 voters; following re-organization in successive campaigns the number grew to 420,000 (1933) and 365,000 (1936), respectively 4.9% and 3.8% of active electors.", "Crossed (comics) __knowledge__ Crossed is a comic book written by Garth Ennis and drawn by Jacen Burrows for the first ten issues, and published by Avatar Press.", "Crossed (comics) __knowledge__ Following volumes \"Crossed: Family Values\", \"Crossed 3D\", and \"Crossed: Psychopath\" were written by David Lapham.", "Crossed (comics) __knowledge__ A new series, \"Crossed: Badlands\" is written and drawn by rotating creative teams.", "Crossed (comics) __knowledge__ The franchise has also spawned two webcomics: \"Crossed: Wish You Were Here\", which ran from 2012–2014, and \"Crossed: Dead or Alive\", which began syndication in November 2014.", "Crossed (comics) __knowledge__ \"Crossed\" is a creator-owned series from writer Garth Ennis and artist Jacen Burrows.", "Crossed (comics) __knowledge__ It began with \"Crossed\" #0 on August 27, 2008 and all 10 issues have been released.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ The characters of \"\" are very varied.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ They include the inhabitants of the Earth, the monstrous inhabitants of the alternate dimension Ventara, and the Kamen Riders who can exist in both.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ Created by the \"Advent Master\" Eubulon, the original 12 Kamen Riders were the chosen defenders of the \"mirror world\" known as Ventara.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ With the exception of Wing Knight (and later Siren), they were all implied to have been vented in battle with Xaviax when one of their own (the original Dragon Knight, Adam) betrayed them and their Advent Decks were stolen.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ Since the Decks were designed to work with only one person, each Deck only functions again when given to humans on Earth that are \"mirror twins\" of their Ventaran counterparts, with matching DNA or when Eubulon reassigns the deck.", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens (Q–Z) __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional creatures and aliens from the universe of the long-running BBC science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\", including \"Torchwood\", \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\", \"K-9\" and K-9 and Company.", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens (Q–Z) __knowledge__ It covers alien races and other fictional creatures, but not specific characters.", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens (Q–Z) __knowledge__ Individual characters are listed in separate articles.", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens (Q–Z) __knowledge__ Note that some information on the page is taken from spin-off media.", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens (Q–Z) __knowledge__ The Quill were a humanoid species from the planet Rhodia who had a long history of war with the other species on Rhodia, the Rhodians.", "List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens (Q–Z) __knowledge__ All the Rhodians and the Quill were killed by the Shadow Kin, except the Prince of Rhodia and Andra'ath, the Quill freedom fighter who was indentured to him via an Arn in her brain.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of supporting characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ is a fictional character in the anime \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ OVA In the OVA, Katsuhito, also known as , fled Jurai over 700 years ago to \"retire\" on Earth.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ He was once the greatest swordsman on Jurai.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Currently Katsuhito is a Shinto priest who is not only training Tenchi to be a Shinto priest but also training him in Jurai swordsmanship.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Yōshō had a marriage arranged with half-sister Ayeka, but left.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ At the time, not all Juraians liked the idea of mixed blood heritages (he is part human, on his mother's side) and he used Ryōko's attack as an excuse to slip away to Earth.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Native American contributions __knowledge__ This is an alphabetic list of achievements in science and technology made by Indigenous peoples of the Americas during the 13,500 years or more that they have inhabited the American continent.", "Native American contributions __knowledge__ abstract art- Abstract art was used by nearly all tribes and civilizations of North and South America.", "Native American contributions __knowledge__ Native American art was believed to be primitive until the 1990s, when it served as inspiration for the modern American abstract art movement.", "Native American contributions __knowledge__ adobe- Adobe was used by the peoples from South America, Mesoamerica, and up to Southwestern tribes of the U.S.", "Native American contributions __knowledge__ It is estimated that it was developed around the year 3000 BC.", "Sister Mary Rufinia __knowledge__ Sister Mary Rufinia (born Amalia Mathilde Kloke) (October 24, 1881 – October 10, 1959) was a German-born American nun and painter.", "Sister Mary Rufinia __knowledge__ She was born in Kalkum and raised in Kohlschlade, a hamlet near Wissen, where her father worked as forester.", "Sister Mary Rufinia __knowledge__ Sister Mary Rufinia, a member of the Sisters of St. Francis of Perpetual Adoration, received early art instruction in Berlin before emigrating to the United States, where she began work as a nurse at St. Elizabeth Hospital in Lafayette, Indiana, in 1906.", "Sister Mary Rufinia __knowledge__ After a back injury suffered while lifting a large patient onto a bed in 1920 she gradually abandoned nursing for painting, eventually becoming a teacher.", "Sufficiency of disclosure __knowledge__ Sufficiency of disclosure or enablement is a patent law requirement according to which a patent application must disclose a claimed invention in sufficient detail for the notional person skilled in the art to carry out that claimed invention.", "Sufficiency of disclosure __knowledge__ The requirement is fundamental to patent law: a monopoly is granted for a given period of time in exchange for a disclosure to the public how to make or practice the invention.", "Sufficiency of disclosure __knowledge__ The disclosure requirement lies at the heart and origin of patent law.", "Sufficiency of disclosure __knowledge__ An inventor, or the inventor's assignee, is granted a monopoly for a given period of time in exchange for the inventor disclosing to the public how to make or practice his or her invention.", "Industrial Revolution __knowledge__ The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.", "Industrial Revolution __knowledge__ This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system.", "Industrial Revolution __knowledge__ Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested.", "Industrial Revolution __knowledge__ The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods.", "Industrial Revolution __knowledge__ The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological innovations were British.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Voynich manuscript __knowledge__ The Voynich manuscript is an illustrated codex hand-written in an unknown writing system.", "Voynich manuscript __knowledge__ The vellum on which it is written has been carbon-dated to the early 15th century (1404–1438), and it may have been composed in Northern Italy during the Italian Renaissance.", "Voynich manuscript __knowledge__ The manuscript is named after Wilfrid Voynich, a Polish book dealer who purchased it in 1912.", "Voynich manuscript __knowledge__ Some of the pages are missing, with around 240 remaining.", "Voynich manuscript __knowledge__ The text is written from left to right, and most of the pages have illustrations or diagrams.", "Voynich manuscript __knowledge__ Some pages are foldable sheets.", "Voynich manuscript __knowledge__ The Voynich manuscript has been studied by many professional and amateur cryptographers, including American and British codebreakers from both World War I and World War II.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "The stringed musical instrument?", "The stringed musical instrument?", "It was actually invented in 1700, so it is quite old!", "Do you play it using a keyboard?" ]

[ "Piano", "Piano", "Piano", "Piano" ]

[ "Graphic design\nWhen did people start doing graphic design", "oh ok, which country is known for graphic designs", "What does Graphic Design entail?", "Thanks for opening my mind up about graphic design" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Graphic design is the process of visual communication and problem-solving using one or more of typography, photography and illustration.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ The field is considered a subset of visual communication and communication design, but sometimes the term \"graphic design\" is used synonymously.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Graphic designers create and combine symbols, images and text to form visual representations of ideas and messages.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ They use typography, visual arts and page layout techniques to create visual compositions.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Common uses of graphic design include corporate design (logos and branding), editorial design (magazines, newspapers and books), wayfinding or environmental design, advertising, web design, communication design, product packaging and signage.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ The term graphic design was coined by William Addison Dwiggins in 1922.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ However, the origins of graphic design can be traced from the origins of human existence, from the caves of Lascaux, to Rome's Trajan's Column to the illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages, to the neon lights of Ginza, Tokyo.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ In \"Babylon, artisans pressed cuneiform inscriptions into clay bricks or tablets which were used for construction.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ The bricks gave information such as the name of the reigning monarch, the builder, or some other dignitary\".", "Ico-D __knowledge__ The International Council of Design (ico-D; formerly known as International Council of Communication Design or Icograda, which was formerly an initialism for International Council of Graphic Design Associations) is a world organisation for design professionals.", "Ico-D __knowledge__ ico-D was founded in London in 1963 and celebrated its 50th anniversary on 27 April 2013.", "Ico-D __knowledge__ It is a non-profit, non-partisan organisation and a \"member-based network of independent organisations and stakeholders working within the multidisciplinary scope of design.\"", "Ico-D __knowledge__ ico-D members include professional design organisations, design promotion bodies, design media, design education institutions and individuals with a vested interest in professional design.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ Graphics (from Greek , \"graphikos\") are visual statements committed to a surface, such as a wall, a canvas, pottery, a computer screen, paper, stone, even to the landscape itself.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ The term \"graphics\" relates to the creation of signs, charts, logos, graphs, drawings, line art, symbols, geometric designs and so on.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ Graphic design is the art or profession of combining text, pictures, and ideas in advertisements, publications, or websites.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ In its broadest definition, therefore, it refers to the whole history of art, although painting and other aspects of the subject are more usually treated as art history.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ Michael Bierut (born 1957) is a graphic designer, design critic and educator who designed the logo for Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ Bierut was born in Cleveland, Ohio.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ He studied graphic design at the University of Cincinnati's College of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ Bierut was vice president of graphic design at Vignelli Associates.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ Since 1990 he has been a partner in the New York office of Pentagram.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ According to his Pentagram online biography: Bierut \"is responsible for leading a team of graphic designers who create identity design, environmental graphic design and editorial design solutions.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ A number of occupations are classified under the broad term of \"graphic designer\".", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ Graphic design career paths cover all ends of the creative spectrum.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ Many of these job descriptions overlap heavily.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ The following are positions or responsibilities and usually titles, held by experienced graphic designers in related management roles: A Creative Director's range of experience can be broad and encompass a number of disciplines; visual design; copywriting, art direction, advertising account director, film/video director.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ A Creative Directors job is to initiate the creative concept of a project and drive the direction of the project.", "Louis Danziger __knowledge__ Louis (Lou) Danziger (born November 17, 1923) is an American graphic designer and design educator.", "Louis Danziger __knowledge__ He is most strongly associated with the late modern movement in graphic design, and with a community of designers from various disciplines working in Southern California in the mid-twentieth century.", "Louis Danziger __knowledge__ He is noted for his iconoclastic approach to design, and for introducing the principles of European constructivism to the American advertising vernacular.", "Louis Danziger __knowledge__ In 1998, Danziger was awarded the AIGA Gold Medal for “standards of excellence over a lifetime of work.” Louis Danziger was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1923, to Dora (Sheck) Danziger and Harry Danziger, a carpenter and cabinet maker.", "Lorraine Wild __knowledge__ Lorraine Wild was born in Ontario, Canada, but has lived in America for a greater part of her life.", "Lorraine Wild __knowledge__ She is a graphic designer, published writer, art historian, and art instructor of design.", "Lorraine Wild __knowledge__ In 1973, she entered the Cranbrook Academy of Art program which was, at the time, under the leadership of Michael and Katherine McCoy.", "Lorraine Wild __knowledge__ In 1975, she received her BFA.", "Lorraine Wild __knowledge__ Two years later, she moved to New York to work for Vignelli Associates from 1977-1978.", "Lorraine Wild __knowledge__ During this time, she was researching the history of American graphic design post World War II.", "Lorraine Wild __knowledge__ This personal interest of research led her to further studying at Yale University where she earned an MFA degree in 1982." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Graphic design is the process of visual communication and problem-solving using one or more of typography, photography and illustration.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ The field is considered a subset of visual communication and communication design, but sometimes the term \"graphic design\" is used synonymously.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Graphic designers create and combine symbols, images and text to form visual representations of ideas and messages.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ They use typography, visual arts and page layout techniques to create visual compositions.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Common uses of graphic design include corporate design (logos and branding), editorial design (magazines, newspapers and books), wayfinding or environmental design, advertising, web design, communication design, product packaging and signage.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ The term graphic design was coined by William Addison Dwiggins in 1922.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ However, the origins of graphic design can be traced from the origins of human existence, from the caves of Lascaux, to Rome's Trajan's Column to the illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages, to the neon lights of Ginza, Tokyo.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ In \"Babylon, artisans pressed cuneiform inscriptions into clay bricks or tablets which were used for construction.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ The bricks gave information such as the name of the reigning monarch, the builder, or some other dignitary\".", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ Design Manchester is a not-for-profit organisation established to showcase design talent; support design skills, careers & enterprise; advance the contribution of design in the city and the regional economy; and promote the role of Manchester as a design city internationally.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ It has a year-round programme of activities and events and organises Manchester’s annual citywide festival of design.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ In 2013, graphic designers John Owens and Malcolm Garrett RDI and media publicist Fiona McGarva were asked by Professor David Crow, then the Dean of Manchester School of Art, to organise an event to mark the School’s 175th anniversary and the opening of the new Benzie Building designed by Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ Graphics (from Greek , \"graphikos\") are visual statements committed to a surface, such as a wall, a canvas, pottery, a computer screen, paper, stone, even to the landscape itself.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ The term \"graphics\" relates to the creation of signs, charts, logos, graphs, drawings, line art, symbols, geometric designs and so on.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ Graphic design is the art or profession of combining text, pictures, and ideas in advertisements, publications, or websites.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ In its broadest definition, therefore, it refers to the whole history of art, although painting and other aspects of the subject are more usually treated as art history.", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ Blueberry is Western comic series created in the Franco-Belgian \"bandes dessinées\" (BD) tradition by the Belgian scriptwriter Jean-Michel Charlier and French comics artist Jean \"Mœbius\" Giraud.", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ It chronicles the adventures of Mike Blueberry on his travels through the American Old West.", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ Blueberry is an atypical western hero; he is not a wandering lawman who brings evil-doers to justice, nor a handsome cowboy who \"rides into town, saves the ranch, becomes the new sheriff and marries the schoolmarm.\"", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ In any situation, he sees what he thinks needs doing, and he does it.", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ The series spawned out of the 1963 \"Fort Navajo\" comics series, originally intended as an ensemble narrative, but which quickly gravitated around the breakout character \"Blueberry\" as the main and central character after the first two stories, causing the series to continue under his name later on.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ A number of occupations are classified under the broad term of \"graphic designer\".", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ Graphic design career paths cover all ends of the creative spectrum.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ Many of these job descriptions overlap heavily.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ The following are positions or responsibilities and usually titles, held by experienced graphic designers in related management roles: A Creative Director's range of experience can be broad and encompass a number of disciplines; visual design; copywriting, art direction, advertising account director, film/video director.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ A Creative Directors job is to initiate the creative concept of a project and drive the direction of the project.", "Visual communication __knowledge__ Visual communication is communication through a visual aid and is described as the conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be read or looked upon.", "Visual communication __knowledge__ Visual communication in part or whole relies on vision, and is primarily presented or expressed with two-dimensional images, it includes signs, typography, drawing, graphic design, illustration, industrial design, advertising, animation colour and electronic resources.", "Visual communication __knowledge__ It also explores the idea that a visual message accompanying text has a greater power to inform, educate, or persuade a person or audience to make an impact.", "Visual communication __knowledge__ Visual communication is carried out through visual aids.", "Lizard communication __knowledge__ Lizards are a diverse group of reptiles—there are nearly 4500 different lizard species, excluding snakes.", "Lizard communication __knowledge__ They come in all shapes, sizes, and colors, and also vary widely in many aspects of their behavior, such as how they reproduce and forage for food.", "Lizard communication __knowledge__ In addition to this extraordinary diversity in physical and behavioral characteristics, lizards have evolved many interesting ways to communicate.", "Lizard communication __knowledge__ Lizards rely on many different sensory systems, including the visual, olfactory, and auditory systems.", "Lizard communication __knowledge__ As these sensory systems have become more sophisticated, lizards have developed different modes of communication that incorporate these sensory systems, including visual, chemical, tactile, and vocal communication.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication refers to the use of communication to facilitate social development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication engages stakeholders and policy makers, establishes conducive environments, assesses risks and opportunities and promotes information exchanges to bring about positive social change via sustainable development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication techniques include information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change and community participation.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication has been labeled the \"Fifth Theory of the Press\", with \"social transformation and development\", and \"the fulfillment of basic needs\" as its primary purposes.", "Problem-based learning __knowledge__ Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject through the experience of solving an open-ended problem found in trigger material.", "Problem-based learning __knowledge__ The PBL process does not focus on problem solving with a defined solution, but it allows for the development of other desirable skills and attributes.", "Problem-based learning __knowledge__ This includes knowledge acquisition, enhanced group collaboration and communication.", "Problem-based learning __knowledge__ The PBL process was developed for medical education and has since been broadened in applications for other programs of learning.", "Problem-based learning __knowledge__ The process allows for learners to develop skills used for their future practice.", "Form and document creation __knowledge__ Form and Document Creation is one of the things that technical communicators do as part of creating deliverables for their companies or clients.", "Form and document creation __knowledge__ Document design is: \"the field of theory and practice aimed at creating comprehensible, persuasive and usable functional documents\".", "Form and document creation __knowledge__ These forms and documents can have many different purposes such as collecting or providing information.", "Form and document creation __knowledge__ Eva Brumberger, an instructor in the professional writing program at Virginia Tech, surveyed professional writers about the nature of their work in order to evaluate what student writers are taught before entering the work force.", "Graphic communication __knowledge__ Graphic communication as the name suggests is communication using graphic elements.", "Graphic communication __knowledge__ These elements include symbols such as glyphs and icons, images such as drawings and photographs, and can include the passive contributions of substrate, color and surroundings.", "Graphic communication __knowledge__ It is the process of creating, producing, and distributing material incorporating words and images to convey data, concepts, and emotions.", "Graphic communication __knowledge__ The field of graphic communications encompasses all phases of the graphic communications processes from origination of the idea (design, layout, and typography) through reproduction, finishing and distribution of two- or three-dimensional products or electronic transmission." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Graphic design is the process of visual communication and problem-solving using one or more of typography, photography and illustration.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ The field is considered a subset of visual communication and communication design, but sometimes the term \"graphic design\" is used synonymously.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Graphic designers create and combine symbols, images and text to form visual representations of ideas and messages.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ They use typography, visual arts and page layout techniques to create visual compositions.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Common uses of graphic design include corporate design (logos and branding), editorial design (magazines, newspapers and books), wayfinding or environmental design, advertising, web design, communication design, product packaging and signage.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ The term graphic design was coined by William Addison Dwiggins in 1922.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ However, the origins of graphic design can be traced from the origins of human existence, from the caves of Lascaux, to Rome's Trajan's Column to the illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages, to the neon lights of Ginza, Tokyo.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ In \"Babylon, artisans pressed cuneiform inscriptions into clay bricks or tablets which were used for construction.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ The bricks gave information such as the name of the reigning monarch, the builder, or some other dignitary\".", "Ico-D __knowledge__ The International Council of Design (ico-D; formerly known as International Council of Communication Design or Icograda, which was formerly an initialism for International Council of Graphic Design Associations) is a world organisation for design professionals.", "Ico-D __knowledge__ ico-D was founded in London in 1963 and celebrated its 50th anniversary on 27 April 2013.", "Ico-D __knowledge__ It is a non-profit, non-partisan organisation and a \"member-based network of independent organisations and stakeholders working within the multidisciplinary scope of design.\"", "Ico-D __knowledge__ ico-D members include professional design organisations, design promotion bodies, design media, design education institutions and individuals with a vested interest in professional design.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ Graphics (from Greek , \"graphikos\") are visual statements committed to a surface, such as a wall, a canvas, pottery, a computer screen, paper, stone, even to the landscape itself.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ The term \"graphics\" relates to the creation of signs, charts, logos, graphs, drawings, line art, symbols, geometric designs and so on.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ Graphic design is the art or profession of combining text, pictures, and ideas in advertisements, publications, or websites.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ In its broadest definition, therefore, it refers to the whole history of art, although painting and other aspects of the subject are more usually treated as art history.", "Louis Danziger __knowledge__ Louis (Lou) Danziger (born November 17, 1923) is an American graphic designer and design educator.", "Louis Danziger __knowledge__ He is most strongly associated with the late modern movement in graphic design, and with a community of designers from various disciplines working in Southern California in the mid-twentieth century.", "Louis Danziger __knowledge__ He is noted for his iconoclastic approach to design, and for introducing the principles of European constructivism to the American advertising vernacular.", "Louis Danziger __knowledge__ In 1998, Danziger was awarded the AIGA Gold Medal for “standards of excellence over a lifetime of work.” Louis Danziger was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1923, to Dora (Sheck) Danziger and Harry Danziger, a carpenter and cabinet maker.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ A number of occupations are classified under the broad term of \"graphic designer\".", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ Graphic design career paths cover all ends of the creative spectrum.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ Many of these job descriptions overlap heavily.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ The following are positions or responsibilities and usually titles, held by experienced graphic designers in related management roles: A Creative Director's range of experience can be broad and encompass a number of disciplines; visual design; copywriting, art direction, advertising account director, film/video director.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ A Creative Directors job is to initiate the creative concept of a project and drive the direction of the project.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ Michael Bierut (born 1957) is a graphic designer, design critic and educator who designed the logo for Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ Bierut was born in Cleveland, Ohio.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ He studied graphic design at the University of Cincinnati's College of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ Bierut was vice president of graphic design at Vignelli Associates.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ Since 1990 he has been a partner in the New York office of Pentagram.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ According to his Pentagram online biography: Bierut \"is responsible for leading a team of graphic designers who create identity design, environmental graphic design and editorial design solutions.", "Auburn University College of Architecture, Design, and Construction __knowledge__ Auburn University's College of Architecture, Design and Construction (CADC) is one of fourteen college and schools that comprise Auburn University, a land, sea and space grant institution located in Auburn, Alabama.", "Auburn University College of Architecture, Design, and Construction __knowledge__ The CADC offers undergraduate programs in architecture, interior architecture, building construction, environmental design, graphic design, and industrial design.", "Auburn University College of Architecture, Design, and Construction __knowledge__ The College also offers graduate programs in building construction, landscape architecture, industrial design, executive real estate development (a joint program with AU’s Harbert College of Business), and distance education in construction management.", "Visual communication __knowledge__ Visual communication is communication through a visual aid and is described as the conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be read or looked upon.", "Visual communication __knowledge__ Visual communication in part or whole relies on vision, and is primarily presented or expressed with two-dimensional images, it includes signs, typography, drawing, graphic design, illustration, industrial design, advertising, animation colour and electronic resources.", "Visual communication __knowledge__ It also explores the idea that a visual message accompanying text has a greater power to inform, educate, or persuade a person or audience to make an impact.", "Visual communication __knowledge__ Visual communication is carried out through visual aids.", "Communication design __knowledge__ Communication design is a mixed discipline between design and information-development which is concerned with how media intervention such as printed, crafted, electronic media or presentations communicate with people.", "Communication design __knowledge__ A communication design approach is not only concerned with developing the message aside from the aesthetics in media, but also with creating new media channels to ensure the message reaches the target audience.", "Communication design __knowledge__ Some designers use graphic design and communication design interchangeably due to overlapping skills.", "Communication design __knowledge__ Communication design can also refer to a systems-based approach, in which the totality of media and messages within a culture or organization are designed as a single integrated process rather than a series of discrete efforts.", "Graphic communication __knowledge__ Graphic communication as the name suggests is communication using graphic elements.", "Graphic communication __knowledge__ These elements include symbols such as glyphs and icons, images such as drawings and photographs, and can include the passive contributions of substrate, color and surroundings.", "Graphic communication __knowledge__ It is the process of creating, producing, and distributing material incorporating words and images to convey data, concepts, and emotions.", "Graphic communication __knowledge__ The field of graphic communications encompasses all phases of the graphic communications processes from origination of the idea (design, layout, and typography) through reproduction, finishing and distribution of two- or three-dimensional products or electronic transmission.", "User experience design __knowledge__ User experience design (UX, UXD, UED or XD) is the process of enhancing user satisfaction with a product by improving the usability, accessibility, and pleasure provided in the interaction with the product.", "User experience design __knowledge__ User experience design encompasses traditional human–computer interaction (HCI) design, and extends it by addressing all aspects of a product or service as perceived by users.", "User experience design __knowledge__ The field of user experience design is a conceptual design discipline and has its roots in human factors and ergonomics, a field that, since the late 1940s, has focused on the interaction between human users, machines, and the contextual environments to design systems that address the user's experience.", "Telkom University __knowledge__ Telkom University, also referred to by its acronym of Tel-U, is a private university located in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.", "Telkom University __knowledge__ It was established in 2013 when four institutions, which were under Telkom Indonesia through its education focused wing, Telkom Education Foundation (now Telkom Foundation), were merged to form the university.", "Telkom University __knowledge__ These four forming institutions were Telkom Institute of Technology (IT Telkom - Institut Teknologi Telkom), Telkom Institute of Management (IM Telkom - Institut Manajemen Telkom), Telkom Polytechnic (Politeknik Telkom), and the Telkom College of Art and Design Indonesia (STISI Telkom - Sekolah Tinggi Seni Rupa dan Desain Indonesia Telkom)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Graphic design is the process of visual communication and problem-solving using one or more of typography, photography and illustration.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ The field is considered a subset of visual communication and communication design, but sometimes the term \"graphic design\" is used synonymously.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Graphic designers create and combine symbols, images and text to form visual representations of ideas and messages.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ They use typography, visual arts and page layout techniques to create visual compositions.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Common uses of graphic design include corporate design (logos and branding), editorial design (magazines, newspapers and books), wayfinding or environmental design, advertising, web design, communication design, product packaging and signage.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ The term graphic design was coined by William Addison Dwiggins in 1922.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ However, the origins of graphic design can be traced from the origins of human existence, from the caves of Lascaux, to Rome's Trajan's Column to the illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages, to the neon lights of Ginza, Tokyo.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ In \"Babylon, artisans pressed cuneiform inscriptions into clay bricks or tablets which were used for construction.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ The bricks gave information such as the name of the reigning monarch, the builder, or some other dignitary\".", "Ico-D __knowledge__ The International Council of Design (ico-D; formerly known as International Council of Communication Design or Icograda, which was formerly an initialism for International Council of Graphic Design Associations) is a world organisation for design professionals.", "Ico-D __knowledge__ ico-D was founded in London in 1963 and celebrated its 50th anniversary on 27 April 2013.", "Ico-D __knowledge__ It is a non-profit, non-partisan organisation and a \"member-based network of independent organisations and stakeholders working within the multidisciplinary scope of design.\"", "Ico-D __knowledge__ ico-D members include professional design organisations, design promotion bodies, design media, design education institutions and individuals with a vested interest in professional design.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ Graphics (from Greek , \"graphikos\") are visual statements committed to a surface, such as a wall, a canvas, pottery, a computer screen, paper, stone, even to the landscape itself.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ The term \"graphics\" relates to the creation of signs, charts, logos, graphs, drawings, line art, symbols, geometric designs and so on.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ Graphic design is the art or profession of combining text, pictures, and ideas in advertisements, publications, or websites.", "History of graphic design __knowledge__ In its broadest definition, therefore, it refers to the whole history of art, although painting and other aspects of the subject are more usually treated as art history.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ Michael Bierut (born 1957) is a graphic designer, design critic and educator who designed the logo for Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ Bierut was born in Cleveland, Ohio.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ He studied graphic design at the University of Cincinnati's College of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ Bierut was vice president of graphic design at Vignelli Associates.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ Since 1990 he has been a partner in the New York office of Pentagram.", "Michael Bierut __knowledge__ According to his Pentagram online biography: Bierut \"is responsible for leading a team of graphic designers who create identity design, environmental graphic design and editorial design solutions.", "Louis Danziger __knowledge__ Louis (Lou) Danziger (born November 17, 1923) is an American graphic designer and design educator.", "Louis Danziger __knowledge__ He is most strongly associated with the late modern movement in graphic design, and with a community of designers from various disciplines working in Southern California in the mid-twentieth century.", "Louis Danziger __knowledge__ He is noted for his iconoclastic approach to design, and for introducing the principles of European constructivism to the American advertising vernacular.", "Louis Danziger __knowledge__ In 1998, Danziger was awarded the AIGA Gold Medal for “standards of excellence over a lifetime of work.” Louis Danziger was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1923, to Dora (Sheck) Danziger and Harry Danziger, a carpenter and cabinet maker.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ A number of occupations are classified under the broad term of \"graphic designer\".", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ Graphic design career paths cover all ends of the creative spectrum.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ Many of these job descriptions overlap heavily.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ The following are positions or responsibilities and usually titles, held by experienced graphic designers in related management roles: A Creative Director's range of experience can be broad and encompass a number of disciplines; visual design; copywriting, art direction, advertising account director, film/video director.", "Graphic design occupations __knowledge__ A Creative Directors job is to initiate the creative concept of a project and drive the direction of the project.", "Society of Graphic Designers of Canada __knowledge__ The Society of Graphic Designers of Canada (GDC®) is Canadaʼs national certification body for graphic and communication design and since 1956 has established standards for design professionals, educators, and leaders.", "Society of Graphic Designers of Canada __knowledge__ Through our certification program, GDC licenses the unique CGD™ certification mark to members whose services meet rigorous, standardized criteria.", "Society of Graphic Designers of Canada __knowledge__ The CGD™ certification mark is recognized across Canada as the mark of professional services and ethical business conduct.", "Society of Graphic Designers of Canada __knowledge__ GDC is a member-based organization of design professionals, educators, administrators, students, and affiliates in communications, marketing, media and design-related fields.", "User experience design __knowledge__ User experience design (UX, UXD, UED or XD) is the process of enhancing user satisfaction with a product by improving the usability, accessibility, and pleasure provided in the interaction with the product.", "User experience design __knowledge__ User experience design encompasses traditional human–computer interaction (HCI) design, and extends it by addressing all aspects of a product or service as perceived by users.", "User experience design __knowledge__ The field of user experience design is a conceptual design discipline and has its roots in human factors and ergonomics, a field that, since the late 1940s, has focused on the interaction between human users, machines, and the contextual environments to design systems that address the user's experience.", "Graphic designer __knowledge__ A graphic designer is a professional within the graphic design and graphic arts industry who assembles together images, typography, or motion graphics to create a piece of design.", "Graphic designer __knowledge__ A graphic designer creates the graphics primarily for published, printed or electronic media, such as brochures (sometimes) and advertising.", "Graphic designer __knowledge__ They are also sometimes responsible for typesetting, illustration, user interfaces, and web design.", "Graphic designer __knowledge__ A core responsibility of the designer's job is to present information in a way that is both accessible and memorable.", "Graphic designer __knowledge__ A Bachelor's degree or certificate from an accredited trade school is usually considered essential for a graphic design position.", "Graphic communication __knowledge__ Graphic communication as the name suggests is communication using graphic elements.", "Graphic communication __knowledge__ These elements include symbols such as glyphs and icons, images such as drawings and photographs, and can include the passive contributions of substrate, color and surroundings.", "Graphic communication __knowledge__ It is the process of creating, producing, and distributing material incorporating words and images to convey data, concepts, and emotions.", "Graphic communication __knowledge__ The field of graphic communications encompasses all phases of the graphic communications processes from origination of the idea (design, layout, and typography) through reproduction, finishing and distribution of two- or three-dimensional products or electronic transmission." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "I fell in love with the process of visual communication and problem-solving, thats when I started.", "Every country I would assume. Its a world wide field. The field is considered a subset of visual communication and communication design", "I personally feel that everyone in their own right is a graphic designer of some sort because we have that innate ability within us. But formally Graphic designers create and combine symbols, images and text to form visual representations of ideas", "Not a problem. I feel alive when I use typography, visual arts and page layout techniques to create visual compositions" ]

[ "Graphic design", "Graphic design", "Graphic design", "Graphic design" ]

[ "French fries", "I also love them! I like them especially with cheese, bacon and ranch on top of them.", "I actually prefer skinny fries, or shoe string fries better. I don't know if you've ever been to Steak N Shake, but their fries are shoestring style and they're so good.", "I like to dip mine in a mixture of ketchup and mayo. I also love fry sauce! Have you ever had fry sauce? It's amazing." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries (North American English), chips (British English), finger chips (Indian English), or French-fried potatoes are \"batonnet\" or \"allumette\"-cut deep-fried potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ In the United States and most of Canada, the term \"fries\" refers to all dishes of fried elongated pieces of potatoes, while in the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa (rarely), Ireland and New Zealand, thinly cut fried potatoes are sometimes called \"shoestring fries\" or \"skinny fries\" to distinguish them from the thicker-cut \"chips\".", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars.", "French fries __knowledge__ Fries in America are generally salted and are almost always served with ketchup, but in many countries they have other condiments or toppings, like vinegar, mayonnaise, or other local specialties.", "French fries __knowledge__ Fries can be topped more heavily, as in the dishes of poutine and chili cheese fries.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries can be made from sweet potatoes instead of potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ A baked variant of the French fry (\"oven chips\") uses less or even no oil.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are prepared by first peeling and cutting the potato into even strips." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries (North American English), chips (British English), finger chips (Indian English), or French-fried potatoes are \"batonnet\" or \"allumette\"-cut deep-fried potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ In the United States and most of Canada, the term \"fries\" refers to all dishes of fried elongated pieces of potatoes, while in the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa (rarely), Ireland and New Zealand, thinly cut fried potatoes are sometimes called \"shoestring fries\" or \"skinny fries\" to distinguish them from the thicker-cut \"chips\".", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars.", "French fries __knowledge__ Fries in America are generally salted and are almost always served with ketchup, but in many countries they have other condiments or toppings, like vinegar, mayonnaise, or other local specialties.", "French fries __knowledge__ Fries can be topped more heavily, as in the dishes of poutine and chili cheese fries.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries can be made from sweet potatoes instead of potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ A baked variant of the French fry (\"oven chips\") uses less or even no oil.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are prepared by first peeling and cutting the potato into even strips.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Cuisine of Ceredigion __knowledge__ The coast of Ceredigion is made up of a long coastal plain that contains high cliffs, coves, large bays and estuaries.", "Cuisine of Ceredigion __knowledge__ The coastal plain gets narrower towards the more mountainous north of the county and is cut by the wide estuaries of the Teifi and the Dyfi.", "Cuisine of Ceredigion __knowledge__ The broad and fertile Teifi valley is ideal for dairy farming and mixed farming.", "Cuisine of Ceredigion __knowledge__ Heavy rainfall washes the minerals out of the soil and results in the mountainous areas of the county having relatively poorer, acidic soils.", "Cuisine of Ceredigion __knowledge__ The plough line can be as low as 700 feet, which restricts cultivation.", "Cuisine of Ceredigion __knowledge__ The sea around Ceredigion has traditionally been rich in fish and for many centuries great shoals of herring would be caught in Cardigan Bay.", "Lay's __knowledge__ Lay's is the name of a brand for a number of potato chip varieties, as well as the name of the company that founded the chip brand in the U.S. in 1932.", "Lay's __knowledge__ It is also called Frito-Lay.", "Lay's __knowledge__ Lay's has been owned by PepsiCo since 1965.", "Lay's __knowledge__ \"Lay's\" is the company's primary brand, with the exception of limited markets where other brand names are used: Walkers in the United Kingdom and Ireland; Smith's in Australia; Chipsy in Egypt; Poca in Vietnam; Tapuchips in Israel; Margarita in Colombia; Sabritas in Mexico; and, formerly, Hostess in Canada.", "Lay's __knowledge__ In 1932, salesman Herman Lay opened a snack food operation in Dorset, Ohio; and, in 1938, he purchased the Atlanta, Georgia, potato chip manufacturer \"Barrett Food Company\", renaming it \"H.W.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ French fries are almost always salted just after cooking.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ They are then served with a variety of condiments, notably ketchup, curry, curry ketchup (mildly hot mix of the former two), hot or chili sauce, mustard, mayonnaise, honey mustard, bearnaise sauce, tartar sauce, tzatziki, feta cheese, garlic sauce, fry sauce, ranch dressing, barbecue sauce, gravy, brown sauce, vinegar (especially malt vinegar), lemon, piccalilli, pickled cucumber, gherkins, very small pickled onions, fresh cheese curds (especially Canada), or honey.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ Even the smallest Belgian town has a \"frietkot\" (literally, \"fries shack\").", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Potato chip __knowledge__ A potato chip or crisp is a thin slice of potato that has been deep fried or baked until crunchy.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ Potato chips are commonly served as a snack, side dish, or appetizer.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ The basic chips are cooked and salted; additional varieties are manufactured using various flavorings and ingredients including herbs, spices, cheeses, other natural flavors, artificial flavors and additives.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ Potato chips are a predominant part of the snack food and convenience food market in Western countries.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ The global potato chip market generated total revenues of US$16.49 billion in 2005.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ This accounted for 35.5% of the total savory snacks market in that year ($46.1 billion).", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Schnitzel __knowledge__ A schnitzel is meat, usually thinned by pounding with a meat tenderizer, that is fried in some kind of oil or fat.", "Schnitzel __knowledge__ The term is most commonly used to refer to meats coated with flour, beaten eggs and bread crumbs, and then fried, but some variants such as Walliser Schnitzel are not breaded.", "Schnitzel __knowledge__ Originating in Austria, the breaded schnitzel is popular in many countries and made using either veal, mutton, chicken, beef, turkey, reindeer, or pork.", "Schnitzel __knowledge__ It is very similar to the French dish escalope, and the milanesa of Uruguay and Argentina.", "Schnitzel __knowledge__ The German word \"Schnitzel\", Middle High German \"Snitzel\", is a diminutive of \"Sniz\" 'slice'." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries (North American English), chips (British English), finger chips (Indian English), or French-fried potatoes are \"batonnet\" or \"allumette\"-cut deep-fried potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ In the United States and most of Canada, the term \"fries\" refers to all dishes of fried elongated pieces of potatoes, while in the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa (rarely), Ireland and New Zealand, thinly cut fried potatoes are sometimes called \"shoestring fries\" or \"skinny fries\" to distinguish them from the thicker-cut \"chips\".", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars.", "French fries __knowledge__ Fries in America are generally salted and are almost always served with ketchup, but in many countries they have other condiments or toppings, like vinegar, mayonnaise, or other local specialties.", "French fries __knowledge__ Fries can be topped more heavily, as in the dishes of poutine and chili cheese fries.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries can be made from sweet potatoes instead of potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ A baked variant of the French fry (\"oven chips\") uses less or even no oil.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are prepared by first peeling and cutting the potato into even strips.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Steak 'n Shake is an American casual restaurant chain located primarily in the Midwestern and Southern United States with locations also in the Mid-Atlantic and Western United States, Europe, and the Middle East.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Steak 'n Shake Operations, Inc. is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ There are 544 locations, of which 417 are company-operated and 127 are franchised.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Typical restaurant locations have sit-down, drive-thru and front-window service, resulting in a hybrid of fast-food to-go service and diner-style sit-down service.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Many Steak 'n Shake restaurants are open 24 hours a day, seven days per week.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ French fries are almost always salted just after cooking.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ They are then served with a variety of condiments, notably ketchup, curry, curry ketchup (mildly hot mix of the former two), hot or chili sauce, mustard, mayonnaise, honey mustard, bearnaise sauce, tartar sauce, tzatziki, feta cheese, garlic sauce, fry sauce, ranch dressing, barbecue sauce, gravy, brown sauce, vinegar (especially malt vinegar), lemon, piccalilli, pickled cucumber, gherkins, very small pickled onions, fresh cheese curds (especially Canada), or honey.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ Even the smallest Belgian town has a \"frietkot\" (literally, \"fries shack\").", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ A steak burger is a type of sandwich prepared using steak as a primary ingredient.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ In the United States, the first steak burger offered to consumers appears to have been invented in 1934.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ Beefsteak is typically used, although other meats can also be made into steak burgers.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ They may be prepared with various accompaniments and toppings, and several restaurant versions have existed in the past and continue to be prepared in contemporary times.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ Use of the term \"steakburger\" dates to the 1920s in the United States.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ In the U.S. in 1934, A.H. \"Gus\" Belt, the founder of Steak 'n Shake, devised a steak burger and offered it to customers at the company's first location in Normal, Illinois.", "Potato __knowledge__ The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum.", "Potato __knowledge__ \"Potato\" may be applied to both the plant and the edible tuber.", "Potato __knowledge__ Potato has become a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply.", "Potato __knowledge__ It is the world's fourth-largest food crop, following maize, wheat, and rice.", "Potato __knowledge__ The green leaves and green skins of tubers exposed to the light are toxic.", "Potato __knowledge__ In the Andes, where the species is indigenous, some other closely related species are cultivated.", "Potato __knowledge__ Potatoes were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 16th century by the Spanish.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Schnitzel __knowledge__ A schnitzel is meat, usually thinned by pounding with a meat tenderizer, that is fried in some kind of oil or fat.", "Schnitzel __knowledge__ The term is most commonly used to refer to meats coated with flour, beaten eggs and bread crumbs, and then fried, but some variants such as Walliser Schnitzel are not breaded.", "Schnitzel __knowledge__ Originating in Austria, the breaded schnitzel is popular in many countries and made using either veal, mutton, chicken, beef, turkey, reindeer, or pork.", "Schnitzel __knowledge__ It is very similar to the French dish escalope, and the milanesa of Uruguay and Argentina.", "Schnitzel __knowledge__ The German word \"Schnitzel\", Middle High German \"Snitzel\", is a diminutive of \"Sniz\" 'slice'.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ A potato chip or crisp is a thin slice of potato that has been deep fried or baked until crunchy.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ Potato chips are commonly served as a snack, side dish, or appetizer.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ The basic chips are cooked and salted; additional varieties are manufactured using various flavorings and ingredients including herbs, spices, cheeses, other natural flavors, artificial flavors and additives.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ Potato chips are a predominant part of the snack food and convenience food market in Western countries.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ The global potato chip market generated total revenues of US$16.49 billion in 2005.", "Potato chip __knowledge__ This accounted for 35.5% of the total savory snacks market in that year ($46.1 billion).", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ A great variety of cassava-based dishes are consumed in the regions where cassava (manioc, \"Manihot esculenta\") is cultivated, and they include many national or ethnic specialities.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ As a food ingredient, cassava root is somewhat similar to the potato, in that, like the potato, it is starchy, inedible when raw, and bland in flavor when cooked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Indeed, cassava can replace the potato in many dishes and can be prepared in similar ways – it can be boiled, mashed, fried or baked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Unlike the potato, however, cassava is mostly a tropical crop, and its peculiar characteristics have led to some unique recipes, such as sweet puddings, which have no common potato version." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries (North American English), chips (British English), finger chips (Indian English), or French-fried potatoes are \"batonnet\" or \"allumette\"-cut deep-fried potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ In the United States and most of Canada, the term \"fries\" refers to all dishes of fried elongated pieces of potatoes, while in the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa (rarely), Ireland and New Zealand, thinly cut fried potatoes are sometimes called \"shoestring fries\" or \"skinny fries\" to distinguish them from the thicker-cut \"chips\".", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars.", "French fries __knowledge__ Fries in America are generally salted and are almost always served with ketchup, but in many countries they have other condiments or toppings, like vinegar, mayonnaise, or other local specialties.", "French fries __knowledge__ Fries can be topped more heavily, as in the dishes of poutine and chili cheese fries.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries can be made from sweet potatoes instead of potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ A baked variant of the French fry (\"oven chips\") uses less or even no oil.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are prepared by first peeling and cutting the potato into even strips.", "Fry sauce __knowledge__ Fry sauce is a condiment often served with French fries or tostones (twice-fried plantain slices) in many places in the world.", "Fry sauce __knowledge__ It is usually a combination of one part tomato ketchup and two parts mayonnaise.", "Fry sauce __knowledge__ It is similar to traditional Russian dressing and Thousand Island dressing.", "Fry sauce __knowledge__ Fry sauce was originally popularized in the United States by a chef named Don Carlos Edwards, who served it in his first restaurant, Don Carlos’ Barbecue in Salt Lake City, which eventually became the Utah-based restaurant chain Arctic Circle in the 1950s.", "Fry sauce __knowledge__ The chain still serves fry sauce in its western United States restaurants.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ French fries are almost always salted just after cooking.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ They are then served with a variety of condiments, notably ketchup, curry, curry ketchup (mildly hot mix of the former two), hot or chili sauce, mustard, mayonnaise, honey mustard, bearnaise sauce, tartar sauce, tzatziki, feta cheese, garlic sauce, fry sauce, ranch dressing, barbecue sauce, gravy, brown sauce, vinegar (especially malt vinegar), lemon, piccalilli, pickled cucumber, gherkins, very small pickled onions, fresh cheese curds (especially Canada), or honey.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ Even the smallest Belgian town has a \"frietkot\" (literally, \"fries shack\").", "Ketchup __knowledge__ Ketchup (formerly catsup) is a condiment.", "Ketchup __knowledge__ Traditionally, recipes used egg whites, mushrooms, oysters, mussels, or walnuts, among other ingredients, but in modern times the unmodified term usually refers to \"tomato ketchup\".", "Ketchup __knowledge__ Ketchup is a sweet and tangy sauce typically made from tomatoes, sweetener, and vinegar, with assorted seasonings and spices.", "Ketchup __knowledge__ The latter vary by recipe, but commonly include onions, allspice, coriander, cloves, cumin, garlic, mustard and sometimes celery, cinnamon or ginger.", "Ketchup __knowledge__ The market leader in the United States (60% market share) and United Kingdom (82%) is Heinz.", "Ketchup __knowledge__ Hunt's has the second biggest share of the US market with less than 20%.", "Croquette __knowledge__ A croquette (US: /kroʊˈket/) is a small breadcrumbed fried food roll containing, usually as main ingredients, mashed potatoes or ground meat (veal, beef, chicken, or turkey), shellfish, fish, cheese, vegetables, and mixed with béchamel or brown sauce, and soaked white bread, egg, onion, spices and herbs, wine, milk, beer, or any of the combination thereof, sometimes with a filling, e.g.", "Croquette __knowledge__ sautéed onions, mushrooms, or boiled eggs (Scotch eggs).", "Croquette __knowledge__ The croquette is usually shaped into a cylinder, disk, or oval shape, and then deep-fried.", "Croquette __knowledge__ The croquette (from the French \"croquer\", \"to crunch\") gained worldwide popularity, both as a delicacy and as a fast food.", "Cocktail sauce __knowledge__ Cocktail sauce is one of several types of cold or room temperature sauces often served as part of the dish(es) referred to as seafood cocktail or as a condiment with other seafoods.", "Cocktail sauce __knowledge__ The sauce, and the dish for which it is named, are often credited to British celebrity chef Fanny Cradock, but seafood cocktails predate her 1967 recipe by some years (for example, Constance Spry published a seafood cocktail using Dublin Bay Prawns in 1956).", "Cocktail sauce __knowledge__ Seafood cocktails originated in the 19th century in the USA, usually made with oyster or shrimp, and seafood with spiced, cold sauces were a well-established part of the 20th century culinary repertoire.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ This is a listing of regional variations on the hot dog.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Different areas of the world have local variations on the type of meat used, condiments, and means of preparation, which are enumerated below.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs are very popular throughout the United States.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Many regional variations exist.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs made with caribou meat added are sold as \"reindeer dogs\" throughout Alaska.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ The Sonoran hot dog is popular in Tucson, Phoenix, and elsewhere in southern Arizona, as well as in the neighboring Mexican state of Sonora.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ It is a hot dog wrapped in mesquite-smoked bacon, cooked on a grill or on a griddle or comal, then topped with pinto beans, onions, tomatoes, mayonnaise, mustard and jalapeño salsa or sauce, and served on a bolillo roll, often with a side of fresh-roasted chili pepper.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Lay's __knowledge__ Lay's is the name of a brand for a number of potato chip varieties, as well as the name of the company that founded the chip brand in the U.S. in 1932.", "Lay's __knowledge__ It is also called Frito-Lay.", "Lay's __knowledge__ Lay's has been owned by PepsiCo since 1965.", "Lay's __knowledge__ \"Lay's\" is the company's primary brand, with the exception of limited markets where other brand names are used: Walkers in the United Kingdom and Ireland; Smith's in Australia; Chipsy in Egypt; Poca in Vietnam; Tapuchips in Israel; Margarita in Colombia; Sabritas in Mexico; and, formerly, Hostess in Canada.", "Lay's __knowledge__ In 1932, salesman Herman Lay opened a snack food operation in Dorset, Ohio; and, in 1938, he purchased the Atlanta, Georgia, potato chip manufacturer \"Barrett Food Company\", renaming it \"H.W." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 6 ]

[ "I love french fries. they are called by many different names around the world. French fries, chips, fingerer chips(indian english) or batonnet or allumette", "oh yummy! In the United States and Canada \"fries\" refers to all dishes of fried elongated potatoes while in the untited kingdom, south africa, ireland, and new zealand thin cut fried potatoes are sometimes called shoestring fries", "oh yes, their fries are great! Also in America are fries are topped generally with salt and ketchup whereas in other countries they will top with Mayonnaise, vinegar or other specialities of that country", "I haven't..what is that? One of my favorite types of fries is sweet potato fries. It is a way to still have fries when you are trying to be healthy." ]

[ "French fries", "French fries", "French fries", "French fries" ]

[ "Lightning McQueen\nBoy, I just love Lightning McQueen!", "Well yes! Who created him?", "Oh, no information on the actual graphics person?", "I always loved Steve McQueen. He got cancer out in the desert where they used to test nuclear weapons as did John Wayne." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ Lightning McQueen, typically referred to by his surname McQueen, is an anthropomorphic stock car in the animated Pixar film \"Cars\" (2006), its sequels \"Cars 2\" (2011), \"Cars 3\" (2017), and TV shorts known as \"Cars Toons.\"", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ The character is not named after actor and race driver Steve McQueen, but actually Pixar animator Glenn McQueen, who died in 2002.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ His design is inspired by a stock car and \"a more curvaceous Le Mans endurance racer,\" with \"some Lola and some Ford GT40.\"", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ During the scene where he helps restore Radiator Springs to its 1950s heyday, he is painted much like a 1950's Chevrolet Corvette C1, once again hinting at his Corvette lineage.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ His number was originally set to be 57, Lasseter's birth year, but was changed to 95, the release year of Pixar's first film \"Toy Story\".", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ During the initial research for the first film, John Lasseter met with General Motors designers to discuss the new Corvette design but subsequent changes to the storyline left both Lightning McQueen and rivals Chick Hicks (\"Cars\") and Bobby Swift, Brick Yardley, Cal Weathers and Jackson Storm (\"Cars 3\") as generic.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ In order to create a cocky but likable character for McQueen, Pixar looked at sports figures like boxer Muhammad Ali, basketball player Charles Barkley, and football quarterback Joe Namath, as well as rap and rock singer Kid Rock.", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Pixar franchise \"Cars\", as well as the Disney franchise \"Planes\", which is set in the same fictional universe: Lightning McQueen, often referred to as \"McQueen\", is the main character in \"Cars\" and \"Cars 3\".", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Owen Wilson.", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ McQueen is not modeled directly after a specific make and model, although his design contains some elements inspired by the Chevrolet Corvette C6.", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ His Corvette lineage is further suggested by the \"retro\" paint scheme he acquires in Radiator Springs, which resembles that of a Corvette C1.", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ Mack (voiced by John Ratzenberger) is a 1985 Mack Super-Liner bearing license plate \"RUSTEZ3\".", "Cars (franchise) __knowledge__ Cars is a CGI-animated film series and Disney media franchise set in a world populated by anthropomorphic vehicles created by John Lasseter.", "Cars (franchise) __knowledge__ The franchise began with the 2006 film of the same name, produced by Pixar and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Cars (franchise) __knowledge__ The film was followed by a sequel in 2011.", "Cars (franchise) __knowledge__ A third film was released in 2017.", "Cars (franchise) __knowledge__ DisneyToon Studios produced the spin-off films \"Planes\" (2013) and \"\" (2014).", "Cars (franchise) __knowledge__ The first two \"Cars\" films were directed by John Lasseter, the chief creative officer of Pixar, Walt Disney Animation Studios, and DisneyToon Studios, while \"Cars 3\" was directed by Brian Fee, a storyboard artist on the previous installments.", "Mater (Cars) __knowledge__ Sir Tow Mater, KBE most commonly referred to as Tow Mater or simply Mater is a major character in \"Cars\" and its sequels, \"Cars 2\" and \"Cars 3\" as well as \"Cars Toons\".", "Mater (Cars) __knowledge__ He is voiced by Larry the Cable Guy and inspired by a 1956-57 International Harvester tow truck.", "Mater (Cars) __knowledge__ Portrayed as Holley Shiftwell's boyfriend and best friend and Lightning McQueen's best friend and sidekick, he had a breakout role in \"Cars Toons: Mater's Tall Tales\" and in other media related to \"Cars\".", "Mater (Cars) __knowledge__ Mater's design is based on a 1956-57 chevrolet tow truck once used to lift equipment from mine shafts in Cherokee County, Kansas.", "Mater (Cars) __knowledge__ The Route 66 town of Galena is named for the lead sulphite ore galena, to which the series of small mining towns around Baxter Springs owe their boom and subsequent bust.", "Cars (film) __knowledge__ Cars is a 2006 American computer-animated comedy-adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Cars (film) __knowledge__ Directed and co-written by John Lasseter, it is Pixar's final independently-produced motion picture before its purchase by Disney in May 2006.", "Cars (film) __knowledge__ Set in a world populated entirely by anthropomorphic cars and other vehicles, the film stars the voices of Owen Wilson, Paul Newman (in his final acting role), Bonnie Hunt, Larry the Cable Guy, Tony Shalhoub, Cheech Marin, Michael Wallis, George Carlin, Paul Dooley, Jenifer Lewis, Guido Quaroni, Michael Keaton, Katherine Helmond and John Ratzenberger.", "Cars 3 __knowledge__ Cars 3 is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated sports comedy-drama film produced by Pixar and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Cars 3 __knowledge__ Directed by Brian Fee in his directorial debut, the screenplay was written by Kiel Murray, Bob Peterson and Mike Rich.", "Cars 3 __knowledge__ The film is the sequel to \"Cars\" and \"Cars 2\".", "Cars 3 __knowledge__ The returning voices of Owen Wilson, Bonnie Hunt and Larry the Cable Guy are joined by Cristela Alonzo, Chris Cooper, Armie Hammer, Nathan Fillion, Kerry Washington and Lea DeLaria, in addition to a dozen NASCAR personalities.", "Cars 3 __knowledge__ In the film, Lightning McQueen sets out to prove to a new generation of high tech race cars that he is still the best race car in the world.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ Cars 2 is a 2011 American computer-animated action-adventure comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2006's \"Cars\", and features the voices of Owen Wilson, Larry the Cable Guy, Michael Caine, Emily Mortimer, John Turturro, and Eddie Izzard.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ In the film, race car Lightning McQueen and tow truck Mater head to Japan and Europe to compete in the World Grand Prix, but Mater becomes sidetracked with international espionage.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ The film was directed by John Lasseter, written by Ben Queen, and produced by Denise Ream.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ \"Cars 2\" was released in the United States on June 24, 2011." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ Lightning McQueen, typically referred to by his surname McQueen, is an anthropomorphic stock car in the animated Pixar film \"Cars\" (2006), its sequels \"Cars 2\" (2011), \"Cars 3\" (2017), and TV shorts known as \"Cars Toons.\"", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ The character is not named after actor and race driver Steve McQueen, but actually Pixar animator Glenn McQueen, who died in 2002.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ His design is inspired by a stock car and \"a more curvaceous Le Mans endurance racer,\" with \"some Lola and some Ford GT40.\"", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ During the scene where he helps restore Radiator Springs to its 1950s heyday, he is painted much like a 1950's Chevrolet Corvette C1, once again hinting at his Corvette lineage.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ His number was originally set to be 57, Lasseter's birth year, but was changed to 95, the release year of Pixar's first film \"Toy Story\".", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ During the initial research for the first film, John Lasseter met with General Motors designers to discuss the new Corvette design but subsequent changes to the storyline left both Lightning McQueen and rivals Chick Hicks (\"Cars\") and Bobby Swift, Brick Yardley, Cal Weathers and Jackson Storm (\"Cars 3\") as generic.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ In order to create a cocky but likable character for McQueen, Pixar looked at sports figures like boxer Muhammad Ali, basketball player Charles Barkley, and football quarterback Joe Namath, as well as rap and rock singer Kid Rock.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men are a culture jamming activist duo and network of supporters created by Jacques Servin and Igor Vamos.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ Through actions of tactical media, the Yes Men primarily aim to raise awareness about problematic social and political issues.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ To date, the duo have produced three films: \"The Yes Men\" (2003), \"The Yes Men Fix the World\" (2009) and \"The Yes Men Are Revolting\" (2014).", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ In these films, they impersonate entities that they dislike, a practice that they call \"identity correction\".", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men operate under the mission statement that lies can expose truth.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ They create and maintain fake websites similar to ones they intend to spoof, which have led to numerous interview, conference, and TV talk show invitations.", "Stock car racing __knowledge__ Stock car racing is a form of automobile racing found mainly and most prominently in the United States and Canada, with Australia, New Zealand and Brazil also having forms of stock car auto racing.", "Stock car racing __knowledge__ Traditionally, races are run on oval tracks measuring approximately .", "Stock car racing __knowledge__ The world's largest governing body for stock car racing is the American NASCAR, and its Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series is the premier top level series of professional stock car racing.", "Stock car racing __knowledge__ Top level races typically range between in length.", "Stock car racing __knowledge__ Top level stock cars reach speeds in excess of at speedway tracks and on superspeedway tracks such as Daytona International Speedway and Talladega Superspeedway.", "Charlie Vig __knowledge__ Charlie Vig is Chairman of the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota.", "Charlie Vig __knowledge__ Vig served as the Vice Chairman from January 2012 until August 2012.", "Charlie Vig __knowledge__ He became the Chairman of the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community following the death of Chairman Stanley Crooks, on August 25, 2012.", "Charlie Vig __knowledge__ The Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community is the most influential Native American tribe in Minnesota.", "Charlie Vig __knowledge__ Vig was the youngest of his family's nine children.", "Charlie Vig __knowledge__ His grandmother, Minnie Otherday, was a descendent of John Otherday, who saved many settlers and U.S. government employees during the Dakota War of 1862.", "Charlie Vig __knowledge__ Vig was raised in Eden Prairie, Minnesota.", "Stanley Crooks __knowledge__ Stanley R. Crooks (November 27, 1941 – August 25, 2012) served as the Chairman of the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota from 1992 until his death in August 2012.", "Stanley Crooks __knowledge__ Crooks became a national Native American leader during his twenty-year tenure.", "Stanley Crooks __knowledge__ He served in the National Congress of American Indians, the longtime chairman of the Minnesota Indian Gaming Association, and the representative of the Shakopee Mdwekanton to the National Indian Gaming Association.", "Stanley Crooks __knowledge__ Crooks' father, Norman Crooks, served as the first Chairman of the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community.", "Stanley Crooks __knowledge__ Stanley Crooks served in the United States Navy during the height of the Cuban Missile Crisis.", "BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars __knowledge__ BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars is a class of single seater auto racing in the UK.", "BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars __knowledge__ Cars are custom-built and race on oval tracks of either shale or tarmac of approximately a quarter-mile in length.", "BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars __knowledge__ The tracks are surrounded by either an Armco barrier or post and cable fences to keep the cars on the track.", "BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars __knowledge__ Racing is full contact, which means drivers are allowed to push, punt and spin fellow competitors out of the way, although these maneuvers are often subtle as opposed to simply crashing into each other.", "BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars __knowledge__ The cars are very strong and are of an open wheel design, but are made with the contact element in mind, with front and rear bumpers and sturdy roll cages.", "V8 Hotstox __knowledge__ V8 Hotstox is a British stock car racing formula that races on British short oval racing circuits.", "V8 Hotstox __knowledge__ Drivers are members of the British Stock Car Drivers Association (BSCDA) and are affiliated to the British Stock Car Racing Association (BriSCA).", "V8 Hotstox __knowledge__ V8 Hotstox have also previously been known as V8 Stock Cars.", "V8 Hotstox __knowledge__ (www.v8hotstox.com) Hotstox race at various venues in the UK.", "V8 Hotstox __knowledge__ The tracks feature different surfaces such as shale, tarmac and concrete.", "V8 Hotstox __knowledge__ The tracks all feature two straightaway's and two turns to form an oval.", "V8 Hotstox __knowledge__ The oval is surrounded by a safety barrier constructed of Armoco, concrete, steel or posts and wires.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "Stock car (rail) __knowledge__ In railroad terminology, a stock car, cattle car or cattle wagon (British English) is a type of rolling stock used for carrying livestock (not carcasses) to market.", "Stock car (rail) __knowledge__ A traditional stock car resembles a boxcar with louvered instead of solid car sides (and sometimes ends) for the purpose of providing ventilation; stock cars can be single-level for large animals such as cattle or horses, or they can have two or three levels for smaller animals such as sheep, pigs, and poultry.", "Stock car (rail) __knowledge__ Specialized types of stock cars have been built to haul live fish and shellfish and circus animals such as camels and elephants." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ Lightning McQueen, typically referred to by his surname McQueen, is an anthropomorphic stock car in the animated Pixar film \"Cars\" (2006), its sequels \"Cars 2\" (2011), \"Cars 3\" (2017), and TV shorts known as \"Cars Toons.\"", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ The character is not named after actor and race driver Steve McQueen, but actually Pixar animator Glenn McQueen, who died in 2002.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ His design is inspired by a stock car and \"a more curvaceous Le Mans endurance racer,\" with \"some Lola and some Ford GT40.\"", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ During the scene where he helps restore Radiator Springs to its 1950s heyday, he is painted much like a 1950's Chevrolet Corvette C1, once again hinting at his Corvette lineage.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ His number was originally set to be 57, Lasseter's birth year, but was changed to 95, the release year of Pixar's first film \"Toy Story\".", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ During the initial research for the first film, John Lasseter met with General Motors designers to discuss the new Corvette design but subsequent changes to the storyline left both Lightning McQueen and rivals Chick Hicks (\"Cars\") and Bobby Swift, Brick Yardley, Cal Weathers and Jackson Storm (\"Cars 3\") as generic.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ In order to create a cocky but likable character for McQueen, Pixar looked at sports figures like boxer Muhammad Ali, basketball player Charles Barkley, and football quarterback Joe Namath, as well as rap and rock singer Kid Rock.", "Feildians Athletic Association __knowledge__ The Feildians Athletic Association, commonly known as just Feildians, is an athletic club in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.", "Feildians Athletic Association __knowledge__ Clubs participate in a wide range of athletics including soccer, basketball, baseball and hockey.", "Feildians Athletic Association __knowledge__ Historically, the club also participated in track and field, cricket and even bowling.", "Feildians Athletic Association __knowledge__ The Old Feildian Athletic Association was officially formed in April 1899 as the Feildian Club with the election of the Hon.", "Feildians Athletic Association __knowledge__ Edgar Bowring as President.", "Feildians Athletic Association __knowledge__ The club motto is \"Mens sana in corpore sano\", meaning \"a healthy mind in a healthy body\".", "Feildians Athletic Association __knowledge__ On June 10, 1929, the club opened a multi-use facility on Rennie's Mill Road in the East End of St. John's.", "History of the graphical user interface __knowledge__ The history of the graphical user interface, understood as the use of graphic icons and a pointing device to control a computer, covers a five-decade span of incremental refinements, built on some constant core principles.", "History of the graphical user interface __knowledge__ Several vendors have created their own windowing systems based on independent code, but with basic elements in common that define the WIMP \"window, icon, menu and pointing device\" paradigm.", "History of the graphical user interface __knowledge__ There have been important technological achievements, and enhancements to the general interaction in small steps over previous systems.", "History of the graphical user interface __knowledge__ There have been a few significant breakthroughs in terms of use, but the same organizational metaphors and interaction idioms are still in use.", "Rendition (company) __knowledge__ Rendition was a maker of 3D computer graphics chipsets in the mid to late 1990s.", "Rendition (company) __knowledge__ They were known for products such as the Vérité 1000 and Vérité 2x00 and for being one of the first 3D chipset makers to directly work with \"Quake\" developer John Carmack to make a hardware-accelerated version of the game (vQuake).", "Rendition (company) __knowledge__ Rendition's major competitor at the time was 3Dfx.", "Rendition (company) __knowledge__ Their proprietary rendering APIs were Speedy3D (for DOS) and RRedline (for Windows).", "Rendition (company) __knowledge__ Released in 1996, Rendition's V1000 chipset was notable for its RISC-based architecture.", "Rendition (company) __knowledge__ The V1000 was the first PC graphics card to utilize a programmable core to render 3D graphics.", "Quartz 2D __knowledge__ Quartz 2D is the native two-dimensional graphics rendering API for macOS and iOS platforms, part of the Core Graphics framework.", "Quartz 2D __knowledge__ Quartz 2D is available to all macOS and iOS application environments and provides resolution-independent and device-independent rendering of bitmap graphics, text, and vectors both on-screen and in preparation for printing.", "Quartz 2D __knowledge__ Its responsibilities within the graphics layer include: Because Quartz 2D is one of several Quartz Technologies, the term \"Quartz\" by itself must be taken in context.", "Quartz 2D __knowledge__ Quartz 2D expands the drawing functions associated with QuickDraw.", "Quartz 2D __knowledge__ The most notable difference is that Quartz 2D eliminates output device and resolution specificity.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ The following video games are noted for their negative reception.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ They include games that won ironic and humorous awards (such as Golden Mullet Awards), games that have been named to lists of the \"worst\" games published by major video gaming publications or websites, games that have received low review scores from such publications (often determined by low aggregate scores on sites such as Metacritic), and games that have been recognized to be poorly received by players.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ Some of the older or rarer games have gained attention more recently through videos produced by popular YouTube personalities, such as \"Angry Video Game Nerd\".", "Crystal Tools __knowledge__ Crystal Tools is a game engine created and used internally by the Japanese company Square Enix.", "Crystal Tools __knowledge__ It combines standard libraries for elements such as graphics, sound and artificial intelligence while providing game developers with various authoring tools.", "Crystal Tools __knowledge__ The target systems of Crystal Tools are the PlayStation 3, the Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows and the Wii.", "Crystal Tools __knowledge__ This was decided with the intention of making cross-platform production more feasible.", "Crystal Tools __knowledge__ The idea for the engine sprang from Square Enix's desire to have a unified game development environment in order to effectively share the technology and know-how of the company's individual teams.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ Computer graphics are pictures and films created using computers.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ Usually, the term refers to computer-generated image data created with help from specialized graphical hardware and software.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ It is a vast and recent area in computer science.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ The phrase was coined in 1960, by computer graphics researchers Verne Hudson and William Fetter of Boeing.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ It is often abbreviated as CG, though sometimes erroneously referred to as computer-generated imagery (CGI).", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ Some topics in computer graphics include user interface design, sprite graphics, vector graphics, 3D modeling, shaders, GPU design, implicit surface visualization with ray tracing, and computer vision, among others.", "List of Pixar awards and nominations (feature films) __knowledge__ Pixar Animation Studios is a CGI animation production company based in Emeryville, California, United States.", "List of Pixar awards and nominations (feature films) __knowledge__ Created in 1979 as a division of Lucasfilm, it has been a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company since 2006.", "List of Pixar awards and nominations (feature films) __knowledge__ Feature films produced by Pixar have won numerous awards, including thirteen Academy Awards, nine Golden Globes and eleven Grammys.", "List of Pixar awards and nominations (feature films) __knowledge__ The following is a list of all the feature films Pixar has released with the nominations and awards they received.", "List of Pixar awards and nominations (feature films) __knowledge__ Toy Story was released in 1995 to be the first feature film in history produced using only computer animation.", "List of Pixar awards and nominations (feature films) __knowledge__ The film, directed by John Lasseter and starring Tom Hanks and Tim Allen, went on to gross over $191 million in the United States during its initial theatrical release, and took in more than $373 million worldwide.", "Finding Dory __knowledge__ Finding Dory is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated comedy adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Finding Dory __knowledge__ Directed by Andrew Stanton with co-direction by Angus MacLane, the screenplay was written by Stanton and Victoria Strouse.", "Finding Dory __knowledge__ The film is a sequel/spinoff to 2003's \"Finding Nemo\" and features the returning voices of Ellen DeGeneres and Albert Brooks, with Hayden Rolence (replacing Alexander Gould), Ed O'Neill, Kaitlin Olson, Ty Burrell, Diane Keaton and Eugene Levy joining the cast.", "Finding Dory __knowledge__ The film focuses on the amnesiac fish Dory, who journeys to be reunited with her parents.", "Toy Story 3 __knowledge__ Toy Story 3 is a 2010 American 3D computer-animated comedy-drama film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures.", "Toy Story 3 __knowledge__ It is the third installment in Pixar's \"Toy Story\" series, and the sequel to 1999's \"Toy Story 2\".", "Toy Story 3 __knowledge__ It was directed by Lee Unkrich, the editor of the first two films and the co-director of \"Toy Story 2\", written by Michael Arndt, while Unkrich wrote the story along with John Lasseter and Andrew Stanton, respectively director and co-writer of the first two films.", "Toy Story 3 __knowledge__ The plot focuses on the toys Woody, Buzz Lightyear, and their friends dealing with an uncertain future as their owner, Andy, prepares to leave for college.", "Inside Out (2015 film) __knowledge__ Inside Out is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated comedy-drama film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Inside Out (2015 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Pete Docter and co-directed by Ronnie del Carmen, with a screenplay written by Docter, Meg LeFauve and Josh Cooley, adapted from a story by Docter and del Carmen.", "Inside Out (2015 film) __knowledge__ The film is set in the mind of a young girl named Riley Andersen (Kaitlyn Dias), where five personified emotions—Joy (Amy Poehler), Sadness (Phyllis Smith), Anger (Lewis Black), Fear (Bill Hader) and Disgust (Mindy Kaling)—try to lead her through life as her parents (Diane Lane and Kyle MacLachlan) move from Minnesota to San Francisco, and she has to adjust to her new surroundings.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ Cars 2 is a 2011 American computer-animated action-adventure comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2006's \"Cars\", and features the voices of Owen Wilson, Larry the Cable Guy, Michael Caine, Emily Mortimer, John Turturro, and Eddie Izzard.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ In the film, race car Lightning McQueen and tow truck Mater head to Japan and Europe to compete in the World Grand Prix, but Mater becomes sidetracked with international espionage.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ The film was directed by John Lasseter, written by Ben Queen, and produced by Denise Ream.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ \"Cars 2\" was released in the United States on June 24, 2011.", "Up (2009 film) __knowledge__ Up is a 2009 American 3D computer-animated comedy-adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Up (2009 film) __knowledge__ Directed by Pete Docter, the film centers on an elderly widower named Carl Fredricksen (Ed Asner) and an earnest boy named Russell (Jordan Nagai).", "Up (2009 film) __knowledge__ By tying thousands of balloons to his house, Carl sets out to fulfill his dream to see the wilds of South America and complete a promise made to his late wife, Ellie.", "Up (2009 film) __knowledge__ The film was co-directed by Bob Peterson, with music composed by Michael Giacchino.", "Up (2009 film) __knowledge__ Docter began working on the story in 2004, which was based on fantasies of escaping from life when it becomes too irritating.", "Pixar __knowledge__ Pixar (), also referred to as Pixar Animation Studios, is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville, California that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company.", "Pixar __knowledge__ Pixar began in 1979 as the Graphics Group, part of the Lucasfilm computer division, before its spin-out as a corporation in 1986, with funding by Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs, who became the majority shareholder.", "Pixar __knowledge__ Disney purchased Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $7.4 billion, a transaction that resulted in Jobs becoming Disney's largest single shareholder at the time.", "Pixar __knowledge__ Pixar is best known for CGI-animated feature films created with RenderMan, Pixar's own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan image-rendering application programming interface, used to generate high-quality images." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ Lightning McQueen, typically referred to by his surname McQueen, is an anthropomorphic stock car in the animated Pixar film \"Cars\" (2006), its sequels \"Cars 2\" (2011), \"Cars 3\" (2017), and TV shorts known as \"Cars Toons.\"", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ The character is not named after actor and race driver Steve McQueen, but actually Pixar animator Glenn McQueen, who died in 2002.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ His design is inspired by a stock car and \"a more curvaceous Le Mans endurance racer,\" with \"some Lola and some Ford GT40.\"", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ During the scene where he helps restore Radiator Springs to its 1950s heyday, he is painted much like a 1950's Chevrolet Corvette C1, once again hinting at his Corvette lineage.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ His number was originally set to be 57, Lasseter's birth year, but was changed to 95, the release year of Pixar's first film \"Toy Story\".", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ During the initial research for the first film, John Lasseter met with General Motors designers to discuss the new Corvette design but subsequent changes to the storyline left both Lightning McQueen and rivals Chick Hicks (\"Cars\") and Bobby Swift, Brick Yardley, Cal Weathers and Jackson Storm (\"Cars 3\") as generic.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ In order to create a cocky but likable character for McQueen, Pixar looked at sports figures like boxer Muhammad Ali, basketball player Charles Barkley, and football quarterback Joe Namath, as well as rap and rock singer Kid Rock.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll was published from a questionnaire given to movie exhibitors every year between 1932 and 2013 by Quigley Publishing Company.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The list was based on a poll of movie theater owners, who were asked to name who they felt were the previous year's top 10 moneymaking stars.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The Top 10 Poll which appeared annually in Quigley's \"International Motion Picture Almanac\" has long been regarded as one of the most reliable barometers of a movie star's box-office power, as film exhibitors base their decisions on one economic criterion: those stars who will bring patrons into their theaters.", "Steve McQueen __knowledge__ Terence Steven \"Steve\" McQueen (March 24, 1930 – November 7, 1980) was an American actor.", "Steve McQueen __knowledge__ He was called \"The King of Cool\", his \"anti-hero\" persona developed at the height of the counterculture of the 1960s and made him a top box-office draw of the 1960s and 1970s.", "Steve McQueen __knowledge__ McQueen received an Academy Award nomination for his role in \"The Sand Pebbles\".", "Steve McQueen __knowledge__ His other popular films include \"The Cincinnati Kid\", \"The Thomas Crown Affair\", \"Bullitt\", \"The Getaway\", and \"Papillon\", as well as the all-star ensemble films \"The Magnificent Seven\", \"The Great Escape\", and \"The Towering Inferno\".", "Steve McQueen __knowledge__ In 1974, he became the highest-paid movie star in the world, although he did not act in films again for four years.", "Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In October 1952, the United Kingdom (U.K.) became the third country to independently develop and test nuclear weapons.", "Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom __knowledge__ It is one of the five nuclear-weapon states under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.", "Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Since the 1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement, the United States and the U.K. have cooperated extensively on nuclear security matters.", "Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The special relationship between the two countries has involved the exchange of classified scientific data and materials such as plutonium.", "Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The U.K. had a stockpile of 215 thermonuclear warheads, of which 120 were operational, as of 2016, but the country has refused to declare the exact size of its arsenal.", "History of nuclear weapons __knowledge__ Nuclear weapons possess enormous destructive power from nuclear fission or combined fission and fusion reactions.", "History of nuclear weapons __knowledge__ Starting with scientific breakthroughs made during the 1930s, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada collaborated during World War II in what was called the Manhattan Project to counter the suspected Nazi German atomic bomb project.", "History of nuclear weapons __knowledge__ In August 1945, two fission bombs were dropped on Japan, standing to date as the only use of nuclear weapons in combat.", "History of nuclear weapons __knowledge__ The Soviet Union started development shortly thereafter with their own atomic bomb project, and not long after that both countries developed even more powerful fusion weapons known as \"hydrogen bombs\".", "Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction __knowledge__ Pakistan is one of nine states to possess nuclear weapons, and the only Muslim majority country to do so.", "Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction __knowledge__ Pakistan began development of nuclear weapons in January 1972 under Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who delegated the program to the Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Munir Ahmad Khan with a commitment to having the bomb ready by the end of 1976.", "Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction __knowledge__ Since PAEC, consisting of over twenty laboratories and projects under nuclear engineer Munir Ahmad Khan, was falling behind schedule and having considerable difficulty producing fissile material, Abdul Qadeer Khan was brought from Europe by Bhutto at the end of 1974.", "Nuclear proliferation __knowledge__ Nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information to nations not recognized as \"Nuclear Weapon States\" by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT.", "Nuclear proliferation __knowledge__ Proliferation has been opposed by many nations with and without nuclear weapons, the governments of which fear that more countries with nuclear weapons may increase the possibility of nuclear warfare (up to and including the so-called \"countervalue\" targeting of civilians with nuclear weapons), de-stabilize international or regional relations, or infringe upon the national sovereignty of states.", "Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons __knowledge__ The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.", "Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons __knowledge__ Opened for signature in 1968, the treaty entered into force in 1970.", "Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons __knowledge__ As required by the text, after twenty-five years, NPT Parties met in May 1995 and agreed to extend the treaty indefinitely.", "Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons __knowledge__ More countries have adhered to the NPT than any other arms limitation and disarmament agreement, a testament to the treaty's significance.", "TOCA (series) __knowledge__ TOCA is a racing video game series developed and published by Codemasters.", "TOCA (series) __knowledge__ The series originally focused specifically on touring car racing, but after \"World Touring Cars\", the series expanded to cover a wide variety of motorsport.", "TOCA (series) __knowledge__ The first game of the series was released for Windows and PlayStation platforms in late 1997 in Europe, and in summer 1998 in the United States (as \"TOCA Championship Racing\").", "TOCA (series) __knowledge__ Featuring all the licensed cars (not including privateers) and tracks from the 1997 British Touring Car Championship, the game was critically acclaimed by the European games press—especially on console where it was widely considered the best in its genre until the release of \"Gran Turismo\" several months later.", "Chip Ganassi Racing __knowledge__ Chip Ganassi Racing Teams, also known as Chip Ganassi Racing with Felix Sabates or simply Chip Ganassi Racing (CGR), is an automotive racing organization with teams competing in the IndyCar Series, NASCAR Monster Energy Cup and Xfinity Series', the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, and the FIA World Endurance Championship.", "Chip Ganassi Racing __knowledge__ It was founded in 1990 by businessman and former race driver Chip Ganassi, initially competing in the CART IndyCar World Series.", "Chip Ganassi Racing __knowledge__ In 2001, Ganassi bought a majority stake in Sabates' Team SABCO NASCAR team, marking his entry into that championship, while later moving his CART team to the rival Indy Racing League (now Verizon IndyCar Series) and competing in the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series.", "TOCA Race Driver 3 __knowledge__ TOCA Race Driver 3 (DTM Race Driver 3 in Germany, V8 Supercars 3 in Australia, TOCA Race Driver 3 Challenge in the PlayStation Portable version and Race Driver: Create & Race in the Nintendo DS version) is a Racing video game developed and published by Codemasters for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS and OS X.", "TOCA Race Driver 3 __knowledge__ It is the sixth game in the \"TOCA\" series.", "TOCA Race Driver 3 __knowledge__ The game features several fully licensed championships, including the DTM series and V8 Supercar championship.", "TOCA Race Driver 3 __knowledge__ This is the last in the series to have TOCA in its title as following on from this TOCA was dropped in favour of just Race Driver.", "TOCA Race Driver 2 __knowledge__ TOCA Race Driver 2 (DTM Race Driver 2 in Germany and V8 Supercars 2 in Australia) is a racing video game developed and published by Codemasters for Xbox, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Mobile and PlayStation Portable.", "TOCA Race Driver 2 __knowledge__ It is the fifth game in the \"TOCA\" series.", "TOCA Race Driver 2 __knowledge__ Two PSP conversions were released in 2005 and 2006; the first being \"TOCA Race Driver 2\" in Europe and Japan and the second being \"Race Driver 2006\" in the US.", "TOCA Race Driver 2 __knowledge__ The game continued to use a scripted career mode as introduced in the previous \"Race Driver\" game, but dropped the Ryan McKane character.", "TOCA Race Driver 2 __knowledge__ Story-developing cutscenes were played out from a first-person perspective, with other characters never addressing the user by name (similar to the storytelling method of later \"Need for Speed\" titles).", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Pixar franchise \"Cars\", as well as the Disney franchise \"Planes\", which is set in the same fictional universe: Lightning McQueen, often referred to as \"McQueen\", is the main character in \"Cars\" and \"Cars 3\".", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Owen Wilson.", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ McQueen is not modeled directly after a specific make and model, although his design contains some elements inspired by the Chevrolet Corvette C6.", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ His Corvette lineage is further suggested by the \"retro\" paint scheme he acquires in Radiator Springs, which resembles that of a Corvette C1.", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ Mack (voiced by John Ratzenberger) is a 1985 Mack Super-Liner bearing license plate \"RUSTEZ3\".", "TOCA Race Driver __knowledge__ TOCA Race Driver (DTM Race Driver in Germany, Pro Race Driver in North America and V8 Supercar: Race Driver in Australia) is a racing video game developed and published by Codemasters for PlayStation 2, Microsoft Windows and Xbox.", "TOCA Race Driver __knowledge__ It is the fourth game in the \"TOCA\" series.", "TOCA Race Driver __knowledge__ The game took a new direction, since the main game mode featured a plot (leading to the game being labelled as a \"Car-PG\") where the user took on the role of a fictional race driver called Ryan McKane, trying to make a name for himself in a multitude of car championships, all the while under the shadow of his more successful older brother and haunted by the death of his father on the racetrack (as witnessed by Ryan as a child)." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2, 11 ]

[ "Do you mean that anthropomorphic stock car ", "It was created by the animated Pixar film", "I do not know but i know is not named after actor and race driver Steve ", "Yes, he died November 7, 1980" ]

[ "Lightning McQueen", "Lightning McQueen", "Lightning McQueen", "Lightning McQueen" ]

[ "Upholstery", "how is it going. What does it take to do that", "Okay. How long have you been doing this. Can you learn it on your own?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Upholstery __knowledge__ Upholstery is the work of providing furniture, especially seats, with padding, springs, webbing, and fabric or leather covers.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ The word \"upholstery\" comes from the Middle English word \"upholder\", which referred to a tradesman who held up his goods.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ The term is equally applicable to domestic, automobile, airplane and boat furniture, and can be applied to mattresses, particularly the upper layers, though these often differ significantly in design.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ A person who works with upholstery is called an upholsterer; an apprentice upholsterer is sometimes called an outsider or trimmer.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ Traditional upholstery uses materials like coil springs (post-1850), animal hair (horse, hog and cow), coir, straw and hay, hessians, linen scrims, wadding, etc., and is done by hand, building each layer up.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ In contrast, modern upholsterers employ synthetic materials like dacron and vinyl, serpentine springs, and so on.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ \"Upholder\" is an archaic term used for \"upholsterer\", but it appears to have a connotation of \"repairing\" furniture rather than creating new upholstered pieces from scratch (cobbler vs. cordwainer).", "Upholstery __knowledge__ In 18th-century London, upholders frequently served as interior decorators responsible for all aspects of a room's decor." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Upholstery __knowledge__ Upholstery is the work of providing furniture, especially seats, with padding, springs, webbing, and fabric or leather covers.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ The word \"upholstery\" comes from the Middle English word \"upholder\", which referred to a tradesman who held up his goods.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ The term is equally applicable to domestic, automobile, airplane and boat furniture, and can be applied to mattresses, particularly the upper layers, though these often differ significantly in design.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ A person who works with upholstery is called an upholsterer; an apprentice upholsterer is sometimes called an outsider or trimmer.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ Traditional upholstery uses materials like coil springs (post-1850), animal hair (horse, hog and cow), coir, straw and hay, hessians, linen scrims, wadding, etc., and is done by hand, building each layer up.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ In contrast, modern upholsterers employ synthetic materials like dacron and vinyl, serpentine springs, and so on.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ \"Upholder\" is an archaic term used for \"upholsterer\", but it appears to have a connotation of \"repairing\" furniture rather than creating new upholstered pieces from scratch (cobbler vs. cordwainer).", "Upholstery __knowledge__ In 18th-century London, upholders frequently served as interior decorators responsible for all aspects of a room's decor.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "Mattress __knowledge__ A mattress is a large pad for supporting the reclining body, used as a bed or as part of a bed.", "Mattress __knowledge__ Mattresses may consist of a quilted or similarly fastened case, usually of heavy cloth, that contains hair, straw, cotton, foam rubber, etc., or a framework of metal springs.", "Mattress __knowledge__ Mattresses may also be filled with air or water.", "Mattress __knowledge__ Mattresses are usually placed on top of a bed base which may be solid, as in the case of a platform bed, or elastic, e.g.", "Mattress __knowledge__ with an upholstered wood and wire box spring or a slatted foundation.", "Mattress __knowledge__ Popular in Europe, a divan incorporates both mattress and foundation in a single upholstered, footed unit.", "Blue Room (White House) __knowledge__ The Blue Room is one of three state parlors on the first floor in the White House, the residence of the President of the United States.", "Blue Room (White House) __knowledge__ It is distinct for its oval shape.", "Blue Room (White House) __knowledge__ The room is used for receptions and receiving lines and is occasionally set for small dinners.", "Blue Room (White House) __knowledge__ President Grover Cleveland married Frances Folsom in the room on June 2, 1886, the only wedding of a President and First Lady in the White House.", "Blue Room (White House) __knowledge__ The room is traditionally decorated in shades of blue.", "Blue Room (White House) __knowledge__ With the Yellow Oval Room above it and the Diplomatic Reception Room below it, the Blue Room is one of three oval rooms in James Hoban's original design for the White House.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, furniture, jewelry, fashion, cars, movie theatres, trains, ocean liners, and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ It took its name, short for \"Arts Décoratifs\", from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts) held in Paris in 1925.", "Art Deco __knowledge__ It combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials.", "Wacky Packages __knowledge__ Wacky Packages are a series of humorous trading cards and stickers featuring parodies of North American consumer products.", "Wacky Packages __knowledge__ The cards were produced by the Topps Company beginning in 1967, usually in a sticker format.", "Wacky Packages __knowledge__ The original series sold for two years, and the concept proved popular enough that it has been revived every few years since.", "Wacky Packages __knowledge__ They came to be known generically as Wacky Packs, Wacky Packies, Wackies and Wackys.", "Wacky Packages __knowledge__ According to trader legend, the product parodies once outsold Topps baseball cards.", "Wacky Packages __knowledge__ Relying on the talents of such cartoonists and comics artists as Kim Deitch, George Evans, Drew Friedman, Bill Griffith, Jay Lynch, Norman Saunders, Art Spiegelman, Bhob Stewart and Tom Sutton, the cards spoofed well-known brands and packaging.", "Tibor Reich __knowledge__ Tibor Reich ATI, FSIA, FRSA (1 October 1916 – 3 February 1996) was one of Britain’s pioneering post-war textile designers.", "Tibor Reich __knowledge__ His company, Tibor Ltd., made its name by providing cutting-edge designs that were popular with both the public and featured in key post-war projects including The Festival of Britain, Concorde, Royal Yacht Britannia, Coventry Cathedral, Clarence House and the QE2.", "Tibor Reich __knowledge__ Reich was awarded a Design Council Award in 1957 and a Textile Institute Medal in 1973.", "Tibor Reich __knowledge__ Born in Budapest in 1916, Tibor Reich was from a family of wealthy Jewish textile industrialists.", "Tibor Reich __knowledge__ Encouraged by his father, he drew prodigiously from a young age.", "Drug repositioning __knowledge__ Drug repositioning (also known as drug repurposing, re-profiling, re-tasking or therapeutic switching) is the application of known drugs and compounds to treat new indications (i.e., new diseases).", "Drug repositioning __knowledge__ A significant advantage of drug repositioning over traditional drug development is that since the repositioned drug has already passed a significant number of toxicity and other tests, its safety is known and the risk of failure for reasons of adverse toxicology are reduced.", "Drug repositioning __knowledge__ More than 90% of drugs fail during development, and this is the most significant reason for the high costs of pharmaceutical R&D." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Upholstery __knowledge__ Upholstery is the work of providing furniture, especially seats, with padding, springs, webbing, and fabric or leather covers.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ The word \"upholstery\" comes from the Middle English word \"upholder\", which referred to a tradesman who held up his goods.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ The term is equally applicable to domestic, automobile, airplane and boat furniture, and can be applied to mattresses, particularly the upper layers, though these often differ significantly in design.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ A person who works with upholstery is called an upholsterer; an apprentice upholsterer is sometimes called an outsider or trimmer.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ Traditional upholstery uses materials like coil springs (post-1850), animal hair (horse, hog and cow), coir, straw and hay, hessians, linen scrims, wadding, etc., and is done by hand, building each layer up.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ In contrast, modern upholsterers employ synthetic materials like dacron and vinyl, serpentine springs, and so on.", "Upholstery __knowledge__ \"Upholder\" is an archaic term used for \"upholsterer\", but it appears to have a connotation of \"repairing\" furniture rather than creating new upholstered pieces from scratch (cobbler vs. cordwainer).", "Upholstery __knowledge__ In 18th-century London, upholders frequently served as interior decorators responsible for all aspects of a room's decor.", "Okay Hot-Shot, Okay! __knowledge__ Okay Hot-Shot, Okay!", "Okay Hot-Shot, Okay! __knowledge__ (sometimes Okay Hot-Shot) is a 1963 pop art painting by Roy Lichtenstein that uses his Ben-Day dots style and a text balloon.", "Okay Hot-Shot, Okay! __knowledge__ It is one of several examples of military art that Lichtenstein created between 1962 and 1964, including several with aeronautical themes like this one.", "Okay Hot-Shot, Okay! __knowledge__ It was inspired by panels from four different comic books that provide the sources for the plane, the pilot, the text balloon and the graphic onomatopoeia, \"VOOMP!\".", "Okay Hot-Shot, Okay! __knowledge__ Lichtenstein made several alterations to the source images as he compiled them into this composition.", "Okay Hot-Shot, Okay! __knowledge__ He used themes in this work that relate to those expressed in several of his other works.", "Fear Itself (comics) __knowledge__ The comic \"Fear Itself\" is a 2011 crossover comic book storyline published by Marvel Comics, consisting of a seven-issue, eponymous miniseries written by Matt Fraction and illustrated by Stuart Immonen, Wade Von Grawbadger, and Laura Martin, a prologue book by writer Ed Brubaker and artist Scot Eaton, and numerous tie-in books, including most of the X-Men family of books.", "Fear Itself (comics) __knowledge__ \"Fear Itself\" was first announced by then-Marvel Editor-in-Chief Joe Quesada, Executive Editor Tom Brevoort and X-Men group editor Axel Alonso at a press conference held at Midtown Comics Times Square on December 21, 2010.", "Fear Itself (comics) __knowledge__ The story, whose title is a by Franklin D. Roosevelt, \"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself\", depicts the various superheroes of the Marvel Universe contending with the Serpent, an Asgardian fear deity who causes global panic on Earth, and who seeks to reclaim the throne of Asgard he contends was usurped by his brother, Odin, father to Thor, when the latter vanquished him ages ago.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "Okay Airways __knowledge__ Okay Airways () is an airline headquartered in Shunyi District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.", "Okay Airways __knowledge__ It operates passenger flight services and dedicated cargo services.", "Okay Airways __knowledge__ Its main hub are Tianjin Binhai International Airport, Xi'an Xianyang International Airport and secondary hub is Changsha Huanghua International Airport.", "Okay Airways __knowledge__ Flights were suspended for one month beginning on December 15, 2008, due to a dispute between the carrier and its shareholders.", "Okay Airways __knowledge__ Okay Airways was established in June 2004 and in February 2005 received an aviation carrier business license from the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC).", "Complete (BtoB album) __knowledge__ Complete is the first full-length studio album by South Korean boy group, BTOB.", "Complete (BtoB album) __knowledge__ It was released on June 29, 2015.", "Complete (BtoB album) __knowledge__ The albums contains 13 tracks including a previously released bonus track \"Shake It\" from their 5th mini-album, Move, and an acoustic version of their debut track \"Insane\".", "Complete (BtoB album) __knowledge__ The group promoted with the title track \"It's Okay\".", "Complete (BtoB album) __knowledge__ On June 4, 2015, Cube Entertainment announced that BTOB will be releasing their first studio album on June 29, 2015.", "Complete (BtoB album) __knowledge__ This marks the start of BTOB's 2015 full-scale comeback activities.", "Complete (BtoB album) __knowledge__ Ahead of comeback, BTOB notified the 180 degree different transformation of their style compared to previous promotions, with their first ever R&B ballad title-track \"It’s Okay\".", "Okay (album) __knowledge__ Okay (stylised as okay.)", "Okay (album) __knowledge__ is the second studio album by British pop punk band As It Is.", "Okay (album) __knowledge__ It is the last album to feature ex-guitarist Andy Westhead.", "Okay (album) __knowledge__ Immediately following As It Is' 2015 album \"Never Happy, Ever After\", the band played shows across the US on the 2015 run of Vans Warped Tour.", "Okay (album) __knowledge__ While on tour lead singer, Patty Walters, struggled with depression and his mental health.", "Okay (album) __knowledge__ He started writing songs during this time in order to cope.", "Okay (album) __knowledge__ During the following year Walters came out to his bandmates about his state and started going through professional therapy.", "Okay (album) __knowledge__ The band went to Los Angeles to start recording the album with producer Mike Green, who's worked with other bands such as Pierce the Veil and Paramore, and collaborated to finish and write several songs in-studio.", "Okay, Oklahoma __knowledge__ Okay is a town along the Verdigris River in Wagoner County, Oklahoma, United States.", "Okay, Oklahoma __knowledge__ The population was 620 at the 2010 census, a 3.9 percent increase from 597 at the 2000 census.", "Okay, Oklahoma __knowledge__ Okay's history began very early in the 19th Century, when the firm of Brand and Barbour established a trading post in the Three Forks area of what would eventually become the state of Oklahoma.", "Okay, Oklahoma __knowledge__ When Barbour died in 1822, A. P. Chouteau, who had already established a trading post at Salina, bought the Three Forks post.", "Okay, Oklahoma __knowledge__ At the time, the post included twelve houses and a ferry.", "Okay, Oklahoma __knowledge__ Chouteau expanded his business by bringing in Creole carpenters to construct keelboats that local traders needed to transport the goods they obtained from the local Indians to New Orleans and St. Louis.", "Suspension (vehicle) __knowledge__ Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two.", "Suspension (vehicle) __knowledge__ Suspension systems must support both roadholding/handling and ride quality, which are at odds with each other.", "Suspension (vehicle) __knowledge__ The tuning of suspensions involves finding the right compromise.", "Suspension (vehicle) __knowledge__ It is important for the suspension to keep the road wheel in contact with the road surface as much as possible, because all the road or ground forces acting on the vehicle do so through the contact patches of the tires.", "Suspension (vehicle) __knowledge__ The suspension also protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage from damage and wear.", "Corvette leaf spring __knowledge__ Corvette leaf spring commonly refers to a type of independent suspension that utilizes a fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) mono-leaf spring instead of more conventional coil springs.", "Corvette leaf spring __knowledge__ It is named after the Chevrolet Corvette, the American sports car for which it was originally developed and first utilized.", "Corvette leaf spring __knowledge__ A notable characteristic of this suspension configuration is the mounting of the mono-leaf spring such that it can serve as both ride spring and anti-roll spring.", "Corvette leaf spring __knowledge__ In contrast to many applications of leaf springs in automotive suspension designs, this type does not use the spring as a locating link.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ A Tesla coil is an electrical resonant transformer circuit designed by inventor Nikola Tesla in 1891.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ It is used to produce high-voltage, low-current, high frequency alternating-current electricity.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ Tesla experimented with a number of different configurations consisting of two, or sometimes three, coupled resonant electric circuits.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ Tesla used these circuits to conduct innovative experiments in electrical lighting, phosphorescence, X-ray generation, high frequency alternating current phenomena, electrotherapy, and the transmission of electrical energy without wires.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ Tesla coil circuits were used commercially in sparkgap radio transmitters for wireless telegraphy until the 1920s, and in medical equipment such as electrotherapy and violet ray devices.", "Leaf spring __knowledge__ A leaf spring is a simple form of spring commonly used for the suspension in wheeled vehicles.", "Leaf spring __knowledge__ Originally called a \"laminated\" or \"carriage spring\", and sometimes referred to as a semi-elliptical spring or cart spring, it is one of the oldest forms of springing, appearing on carriages in England after 1750 and from there migrating to France and Germany.", "Leaf spring __knowledge__ A leaf spring takes the form of a slender arc-shaped length of spring steel of rectangular cross-section.", "Leaf spring __knowledge__ In the most common configuration, the center of the arc provides location for the axle, while loops formed at either end provide for attaching to the vehicle chassis.", "Torsion bar suspension __knowledge__ A torsion bar suspension, also known as a torsion spring suspension (not to be confused with a torsion beam rear suspension), is a general term for any vehicle suspension that uses a torsion bar as its main weight-bearing spring.", "Torsion bar suspension __knowledge__ One end of a long metal bar is attached firmly to the vehicle chassis; the opposite end terminates in a lever, the torsion key, mounted perpendicular to the bar, that is attached to a suspension arm, a spindle, or the axle.", "Torsion bar suspension __knowledge__ Vertical motion of the wheel causes the bar to twist around its axis and is resisted by the bar's torsion resistance.", "Torsion bar suspension __knowledge__ The effective spring rate of the bar is determined by its length, cross section, shape, material, and manufacturing process.", "Chevrolet Corvair __knowledge__ The Chevrolet Corvair is a compact car manufactured by Chevrolet for model years 1960–1969.", "Chevrolet Corvair __knowledge__ It was the only American-designed, mass-produced passenger car to use a rear-mounted, air-cooled engine.", "Chevrolet Corvair __knowledge__ Corvair models included a two-door coupe, convertible, four-door sedan, four-door station wagon, passenger van, commercial van, and pickup truck variants.", "Chevrolet Corvair __knowledge__ Contemporary competitors included the Volkswagen Beetle, Ford Falcon, Plymouth Valiant, Studebaker Lark, and the Rambler American.", "Chevrolet Corvair __knowledge__ The Corvair's reputation and the car's legacy was affected by several factors: there was controversy surrounding its handling, the car was scrutinized in Ralph Nader's 1965 book \"Unsafe at Any Speed\", along with the then GM's top management resorting to unethical measures to handle the issue, as well as a 1972 Texas A&M University safety commission report for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration that found that the 1960–1963 Corvair possessed no greater potential for loss of control in extreme situations than its contemporaries.", "ER2 electric trainset __knowledge__ The ER2 electric trainset is a DC electric multiple unit which was in production by the Railroad Machinery Plants of Riga (in consortium with the Electrical Machinery Plants of Riga and the Railroad Machinery Plants of Kalinin) from June 1962 to mid-1984.", "ER2 electric trainset __knowledge__ It was essentially an improvement of the ER1 design, featuring footboards for low platforms, and aprons for high platforms, as well as improved electrical equipment and minor changes to the bodywork (specifically, the engineer's cab, side walls, headstocks, and door mountings).", "ER2 electric trainset __knowledge__ Since the mid-1960s, the ER2 has been the most widely used type of suburban train in the Soviet Union and its successor states." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 6 ]

[ "I've been interested in upholstery especially with repurposing furniture with wacky fabrics.", "Well you need coil springs, it's done by hand and it can be stapled in to existing furniture. It takes practice.", "I haven't, but you can! You need synthetic material depending on what you like, it is up to you!" ]

[ "Upholstery", "Upholstery", "Upholstery" ]

[ "Only child", "Wow,I understand the demands on you", "OK,what other responsibility do you have?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Only child __knowledge__ An only child is a person with no siblings, either biological or adopted.", "Only child __knowledge__ The term \"only child\" is generally applied only to those individuals who have never had siblings.", "Only child __knowledge__ Some children may have half-siblings or step-siblings, either living at the same house or a different house - especially those who were born considerably later - may have a similar family environment to only children, as may children who have younger siblings from both of the same parents (generally ten or more years).", "Only child __knowledge__ Throughout history, only children were relatively uncommon.", "Only child __knowledge__ From around the middle of the 20th century, birth rates and average family sizes fell sharply, for a number of reasons including increasing costs of raising children and more women having their first child later in life.", "Only child __knowledge__ The proportion of families in the U.S. with only children increased during the Great Depression but fell during the Post–World War II baby boom.", "Only child __knowledge__ After the Korean War ended in 1953, the South Korean government suggested citizens each have one or two children to boost economic prosperity, which resulted in significantly lowered birth rates and a larger number of only children to the country.", "Only child __knowledge__ From 1979 to 2015, the one-child policy in the People's Republic of China restricted most parents to having only one child, although it was subject to local relaxations and individual circumstances (for instance when twins were conceived)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Only child __knowledge__ An only child is a person with no siblings, either biological or adopted.", "Only child __knowledge__ The term \"only child\" is generally applied only to those individuals who have never had siblings.", "Only child __knowledge__ Some children may have half-siblings or step-siblings, either living at the same house or a different house - especially those who were born considerably later - may have a similar family environment to only children, as may children who have younger siblings from both of the same parents (generally ten or more years).", "Only child __knowledge__ Throughout history, only children were relatively uncommon.", "Only child __knowledge__ From around the middle of the 20th century, birth rates and average family sizes fell sharply, for a number of reasons including increasing costs of raising children and more women having their first child later in life.", "Only child __knowledge__ The proportion of families in the U.S. with only children increased during the Great Depression but fell during the Post–World War II baby boom.", "Only child __knowledge__ After the Korean War ended in 1953, the South Korean government suggested citizens each have one or two children to boost economic prosperity, which resulted in significantly lowered birth rates and a larger number of only children to the country.", "Only child __knowledge__ From 1979 to 2015, the one-child policy in the People's Republic of China restricted most parents to having only one child, although it was subject to local relaxations and individual circumstances (for instance when twins were conceived).", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Wow Mali is the longest-running, multi-awarded and top-rated gag show in the Philippines aired over TV5 hosted by Joey De Leon.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was discontinued on May 2007 but some episodes still aired on \"Wow Mali Bytes\" and \"Wow Mali Express\".", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ On February 22, 2009, \"Wow Mali\" returned to TV5.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Following the network's second reformat after Holy Week, Wow Mali was set to return on April 6, 2009, airing every Wednesday at 7:30 PM.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was again discontinued on September 1, 2010 and was replaced by a spin-off show, Wow Meganon which lasted until April 8, 2011.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Its third incarnation aired on April 11, 2011 and ended on February 26, 2012.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ WOW - Women Of Wrestling, aka WOW!, is a women's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane, previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ It is based in Los Angeles, California, and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ The promotion launched a series of syndicated programs in the 2000-01 television seasons in 102 TV markets using a similar format of character driven performers, with names befitting a comic book series, such as Jungle Grrrl, an inmate tag-team complete with orange jump suits named Caged Heat, a Hollywood starlet named Lana Star, and the Persian Princess.", "Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation __knowledge__ A correlation between fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation has been suggested by research.", "Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation __knowledge__ Ray Blanchard identified the association and referred to it as the fraternal birth order effect.", "Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation __knowledge__ In several studies, the observation is that the more older brothers a man has from the same mother, the greater the probability is that he will have a homosexual orientation.", "Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation __knowledge__ It has sometimes been called the \"older brother effect\".", "Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation __knowledge__ It has been estimated that 15% of the homosexual demographic is associated with fraternal birth order.", "Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation __knowledge__ The fraternal birth order effect has been described by one of its proponents as \"the most consistent biodemographic correlate of sexual orientation in men\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Detailed anthropological and sociological studies have been made about customs of patrilineal inheritance, where only male children can inherit.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Some cultures also employ matrilineal succession, where property can only pass along the female line, most commonly going to the sister's sons of the decedent; but also, in some societies, from the mother to her daughters.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Some ancient societies and most modern states employ egalitarian inheritance, without discrimination based on gender and/or birth order.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ The system of patrilineal primogeniture traditionally prevalent among most southern Bantu tribes is explained in detail by Isabel Moodley: \"Due to the polygynous nature of the customary marriage, African customary law distinguishes between \"family rank\" and \"house rank\".", "Sibling __knowledge__ A sibling is one of two or more individuals having one or both parents in common.", "Sibling __knowledge__ A full sibling is a first-degree relative.", "Sibling __knowledge__ A male sibling is a brother, and a female sibling is a sister.", "Sibling __knowledge__ In most societies throughout the world, siblings often grow up together, thereby facilitating the development of strong emotional bonds.", "Sibling __knowledge__ The emotional bond between siblings is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment, birth order, personality, and personal experiences outside the family.", "Sibling __knowledge__ However, there are cases where siblings grow up in separate homes, in different environments.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents, and, in so doing, permanently transfers all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parent or parents.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Adoption can be done by a couple or an individual person but children have to be 14 years younger and the adoptive parents can not have been legally incapacitated.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Only child __knowledge__ An only child is a person with no siblings, either biological or adopted.", "Only child __knowledge__ The term \"only child\" is generally applied only to those individuals who have never had siblings.", "Only child __knowledge__ Some children may have half-siblings or step-siblings, either living at the same house or a different house - especially those who were born considerably later - may have a similar family environment to only children, as may children who have younger siblings from both of the same parents (generally ten or more years).", "Only child __knowledge__ Throughout history, only children were relatively uncommon.", "Only child __knowledge__ From around the middle of the 20th century, birth rates and average family sizes fell sharply, for a number of reasons including increasing costs of raising children and more women having their first child later in life.", "Only child __knowledge__ The proportion of families in the U.S. with only children increased during the Great Depression but fell during the Post–World War II baby boom.", "Only child __knowledge__ After the Korean War ended in 1953, the South Korean government suggested citizens each have one or two children to boost economic prosperity, which resulted in significantly lowered birth rates and a larger number of only children to the country.", "Only child __knowledge__ From 1979 to 2015, the one-child policy in the People's Republic of China restricted most parents to having only one child, although it was subject to local relaxations and individual circumstances (for instance when twins were conceived).", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ I'm OK – You're OK is a 1969 self-help book by Thomas Anthony Harris.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ It is a practical guide to transactional analysis as a method for solving problems in life.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ The book made the \"New York Times\" Best Seller list in 1972 and remained there for almost two years.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ It is estimated by the publisher to have sold over 15 million copies to date and to have been translated into over a dozen languages.http://www.drthomasharris.com/im-ok-youre-ok-book-thomas-harris/ In the preface, Harris praises the then-new procedure of transactional analysis (TA, or as Harris often refers to it, P-A-C) as a major innovation addressing the slow process and limited results that he and other psychiatric practitioners believed was characteristic of conventional psychiatry.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ One Ok Rock, stylized as ONE OK ROCK (pronounced in Japanese as \"one o'clock\"), is a Japanese rock band formed in Tokyo, Japan in 2005.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ The band currently consists of Takahiro Moriuchi (vocals), Toru Yamashita (guitar/leader), Ryota Kohama (bass), and Tomoya Kanki (drums).", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ They have been playing many different styles of rock music, with songs ranging from alternative rock to emo to post-hardcore to pop rock.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ The band's name, ONE OK ROCK, comes from \"one o'clock\", the time that the band used to practice on weekends.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ They chose to play at one o'clock in the morning because it was cheaper to use the rehearsal space during such hours.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ OK Motor Services was a bus company operating in County Durham from 1912 until the 1990s when purchased by the Go-Ahead Group.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ Following rationalisation and rebranding, the OK livery disappeared from the roads as services were integrated with Go North East.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ OK Motor Services was founded in Evenwood, County Durham, by Wade Emmerson on 6 April 1912.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ The first route was from Evenwood to Bishop Auckland.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ The original name was the Gaunless Valley Motor Services with the name OK coming from a consortium of operators who started to run from the area to the Great North Exhibition in Newcastle in the late-1920s.", "OK Soda __knowledge__ OK Soda was a soft drink created by The Coca-Cola Company in 1993 that aggressively courted the Generation X demographic with unusual advertising tactics, including endorsements and even outright negative publicity.", "OK Soda __knowledge__ It did not sell well in select test markets and was officially declared out of production in 1995 before reaching nationwide distribution.", "OK Soda __knowledge__ The drink's slogan was \"Everything is going to be OK.\" In 1993, Coca-Cola CEO Roberto Goizueta rehired Sergio Zyman to be the chief of marketing for all Coca-Cola beverage brands, a surprising choice given that Zyman had worked closely with the New Coke campaign, possibly the largest advertising failure in Coke's history.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Detailed anthropological and sociological studies have been made about customs of patrilineal inheritance, where only male children can inherit.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Some cultures also employ matrilineal succession, where property can only pass along the female line, most commonly going to the sister's sons of the decedent; but also, in some societies, from the mother to her daughters.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Some ancient societies and most modern states employ egalitarian inheritance, without discrimination based on gender and/or birth order.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ The system of patrilineal primogeniture traditionally prevalent among most southern Bantu tribes is explained in detail by Isabel Moodley: \"Due to the polygynous nature of the customary marriage, African customary law distinguishes between \"family rank\" and \"house rank\".", "Sibling relationship __knowledge__ Siblings play a unique role in one another’s lives that simulates the companionship of parents as well as the influence and assistance of friends.", "Sibling relationship __knowledge__ Because siblings often grow up in the same household, they have a large amount of exposure to one another, like other members of the immediate family.", "Sibling relationship __knowledge__ However, though a sibling relationship can have both hierarchical and reciprocal elements, this relationship tends to be more egalitarian and symmetrical than with family members of other generations.", "Sibling relationship __knowledge__ Furthermore, sibling relationships often reflect the overall condition of cohesiveness within a family.", "Sibling __knowledge__ A sibling is one of two or more individuals having one or both parents in common.", "Sibling __knowledge__ A full sibling is a first-degree relative.", "Sibling __knowledge__ A male sibling is a brother, and a female sibling is a sister.", "Sibling __knowledge__ In most societies throughout the world, siblings often grow up together, thereby facilitating the development of strong emotional bonds.", "Sibling __knowledge__ The emotional bond between siblings is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment, birth order, personality, and personal experiences outside the family.", "Sibling __knowledge__ However, there are cases where siblings grow up in separate homes, in different environments.", "Laws regarding incest __knowledge__ Laws regarding incest (i.e.", "Laws regarding incest __knowledge__ sexual activity between family members or close relatives) vary considerably between jurisdictions, and depend on the type of sexual activity and the nature of the family relationship of the parties involved, as well as the age and sex of the parties.", "Laws regarding incest __knowledge__ Besides legal prohibitions, at least some forms of incest are also socially taboo or frowned upon in most cultures around the world.", "Laws regarding incest __knowledge__ Incest laws may involve restrictions on marriage rights, which also vary between jurisdictions.", "Laws regarding incest __knowledge__ When incest involves an adult and a child, it is usually considered to be a form of child sexual abuse.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the \"Freedom on the Net\" reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the \"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices\" from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article.", "Fred West __knowledge__ Frederick Walter Stephen West (29 September 1941 – 1 January 1995) was an English serial killer who committed at least 12 murders between 1967 and 1987 in Gloucestershire, the majority with his second wife, Rosemary West.", "Fred West __knowledge__ All the victims were young women.", "Fred West __knowledge__ At least eight of the murders involved the Wests' sexual gratification and included rape, bondage, torture and mutilation; the victims' dismembered bodies were typically buried in the cellar or garden of the Wests' Cromwell Street home in Gloucester, which became known as the \"House of Horrors\".", "Fred West __knowledge__ In addition, Fred is known to have committed at least two murders on his own, while Rose is known to have murdered Fred's stepdaughter, Charmaine." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "As the only child of my father I have a great deal if responsibility over my siblings, either biological or adopted", "term \"only child\" is generally applied only to those individuals who have never had siblings.", "Some children may have half-siblings or step-siblings, either living at the same house or a different house" ]

[ "Only child", "Only child", "Only child" ]

[ "Katy Perry", "I love Katy Perry. My favorite song is California Girls.", "I love Snoop Dog? I think he is a better producer than rapper. Do you like him?", "Old school Snoop Dog had a lot of good songs. I liked when he was with Dr. Dre." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer and songwriter.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album \"Katy Hudson\" under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard, Dr. Luke, and Max Martin.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry rose to fame in 2008 with the release of her second album, a pop rock record titled \"One of the Boys\", and its singles \"I Kissed a Girl\" and \"Hot n Cold\".", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ The former track also sparked controversy for its sapphic themes.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Her third album, \"Teenage Dream\" (2010), ventured into disco, and was her first number one album on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ It topped the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 with the singles \"California Gurls\", \"Teenage Dream\", \"Firework\", \"E.T." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer and songwriter.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album \"Katy Hudson\" under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard, Dr. Luke, and Max Martin.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry rose to fame in 2008 with the release of her second album, a pop rock record titled \"One of the Boys\", and its singles \"I Kissed a Girl\" and \"Hot n Cold\".", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ The former track also sparked controversy for its sapphic themes.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Her third album, \"Teenage Dream\" (2010), ventured into disco, and was her first number one album on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ It topped the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 with the singles \"California Gurls\", \"Teenage Dream\", \"Firework\", \"E.T.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "California Girls __knowledge__ \"California Girls\" is a song written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love for the American rock band the Beach Boys, featured on their 1965 album \"Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!)\".", "California Girls __knowledge__ Wilson conceived the song during his first acid trip, later arranging and producing the song's recording, and incorporating an orchestral prelude plus contrasting verse-chorus form.", "California Girls __knowledge__ Upon its release as a single, \"California Girls\" reached No.", "California Girls __knowledge__ 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "California Girls __knowledge__ It was backed with \"Let Him Run Wild\", another track from \"Summer Days\".", "California Girls __knowledge__ The song is considered emblematic of the 1960s California Sound.", "California Girls __knowledge__ The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame included it as one of \"500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\".", "California Gurls __knowledge__ \"California Gurls\" is a song recorded by American singer Katy Perry.", "California Gurls __knowledge__ It served as the lead single for her third studio album, \"Teenage Dream\" (2010).", "California Gurls __knowledge__ The song features verses from rapper Snoop Dogg.", "California Gurls __knowledge__ Both artists co-wrote the song with Bonnie McKee and its co-producers Dr. Luke and Max Martin, with additional production from Benny Blanco.", "California Gurls __knowledge__ According to Perry, \"California Gurls\" is an answer song to \"Empire State of Mind\" (2009), by Jay-Z and Alicia Keys.", "California Gurls __knowledge__ Its midtempo production incorporates disco-pop and funk-pop with influences of new wave and electropop.", "California Gurls __knowledge__ Its lyrics are an ode to the state of California, in which both Perry and Snoop Dogg were born and raised.", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ This is a list of artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Dance Club Songs chart (13 or more).", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ Madonna currently holds the record for the most number-one songs in the 41-year history of the chart, with 46 and is the artist with the most number-ones of any \"Billboard\" chart.", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ The only other artists to have achieved more than 20 chart toppers are Rihanna (30) and Beyoncé (22).", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ Janet Jackson has accumulated 19 number-ones during her career, followed by Katy Perry with 18.", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ Mariah Carey and Kristine W are tied with 17, the latter generating the most consecutive number-ones in the chart's history with her first nine singles.", "Super Bowl XLIX halftime show __knowledge__ The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show took place on February 1, 2015, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, as part of Super Bowl XLIX.", "Super Bowl XLIX halftime show __knowledge__ It featured American singer Katy Perry, with singers Lenny Kravitz and Missy Elliott as special guests.", "Super Bowl XLIX halftime show __knowledge__ The halftime show was critically acclaimed and its broadcast on NBC attracted 118.5 million viewers, the largest ratings in the history of the Super Bowl.", "Super Bowl XLIX halftime show __knowledge__ It also won two Emmy Awards in September 2015.", "Super Bowl XLIX halftime show __knowledge__ In August 2014, it was reported that the NFL had a shortlist of three potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show, which were Coldplay, Katy Perry, and Rihanna.", "Part of Me (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ \"Part of Me\" is a song by American singer Katy Perry, released as the lead single from \"\".", "Part of Me (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ It was written by Perry, and Bonnie McKee, with production and additional writing by Dr. Luke, Max Martin, and Cirkut.", "Part of Me (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ The song was not included on the original edition of \"Teenage Dream\" because Perry felt that it did not fit the composition of the album.", "Part of Me (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ A demo of the song leaked online in late 2010, amid speculation that the lyrics were directed to the singer's ex-boyfriend Travie McCoy.", "Part of Me (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ \"Part of Me\" was re-worked and officially released on February 13, 2012, through Capitol Records with artwork by art director Gavin Taylor and photography by Mary Ellen Matthews.", "Hey Hey Hey __knowledge__ \"Hey Hey Hey\" is a song recorded by American singer Katy Perry for her fifth studio album \"Witness\" (2017).", "Hey Hey Hey __knowledge__ It was sent to Italian contemporary hit radio stations on January 12, 2018 by Universal Music Group as the album's fourth single.", "Hey Hey Hey __knowledge__ The song was written by Perry, Sia Furler, Sarah Hudson, Max Martin and Ali Payami, while production was handled by Martin and Payami.", "Hey Hey Hey __knowledge__ \"Hey Hey Hey\" is a rock and electronica-influenced, dark dream pop and electropop track; its lyrical theme is female empowerment.", "Hey Hey Hey __knowledge__ Reviewers speculated that the song was also about the 2016 United States presidential election nominees Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton.", "A Katy or a Gaga __knowledge__ \"A Katy or a Gaga\" is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series \"Glee\", and the ninety-second episode overall.", "A Katy or a Gaga __knowledge__ It was written by executive producers Russel Friend & Garrett Lerner, and directed by co-creator Ian Brennan, and it aired on Fox in the United States on November 7, 2013.", "A Katy or a Gaga __knowledge__ The episode features the music of Katy Perry and Lady Gaga, the debut of guest star Adam Lambert as Elliott \"Starchild\" Gilbert, and the return of special guest star Demi Lovato as Dani, Santana's (Naya Rivera) girlfriend.", "A Katy or a Gaga __knowledge__ In this episode, the glee club is challenged to perform music from either Katy Perry or Lady Gaga, whichever performer they have the least affinity for, to stretch their boundaries.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ \"Silly Love Songs\" is the twelfth episode of the second season of the American musical television series \"Glee\", and the thirty-fourth overall.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ The Valentine's Day-themed episode was written by series creator Ryan Murphy, directed by Tate Donovan, and premiered on Fox on February 8, 2011.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ In this episode, Director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) assigns the McKinley High School glee club to perform love songs in honor of Valentine's Day.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ Club member Finn Hudson (Cory Monteith) sets up a kissing booth for the occasion, to take advantage of his rising popularity and raise money for the club.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ At the Dalton Academy, Blaine Anderson (Darren Criss) and the Dalton Academy Warblers make plans to perform a musical number outside of the campus, and Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) confesses his love for Blaine.", "Katy Perry Live: Witness World Wide __knowledge__ Katy Perry Live: Witness World Wide was a four-day YouTube live stream by singer Katy Perry airing between June 8–12, 2017.", "Katy Perry Live: Witness World Wide __knowledge__ The special features Perry living in a \"Big Brother\"-style house with cameras promoting her fifth studio album, \"Witness\".", "Katy Perry Live: Witness World Wide __knowledge__ It began on June 8, and concluded with a free concert on June 12 in Los Angeles.", "Katy Perry Live: Witness World Wide __knowledge__ The live stream featured Perry doing activities in the house, including eating, playing with her dogs, and sleeping as well as other moments that received large amounts of media attention.", "Katy Perry Live: Witness World Wide __knowledge__ During a one-hour therapy session, Perry became very emotional as she opened up her life, including a struggle with alcohol abuse, past thoughts of suicide, and her relationship with her Evangelical parents.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ This article describes trends in popular music in the 2010s.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ See also: 2010s in the music industry.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ The melismatic vocals mainstream during the 1990s and 2000s in pop and contemporary R&B lost favor by mid-late 2009, as vocally lower key artists, including Katy Perry, Taylor Swift and Rihanna, started to outsell new releases by perennial melismatic favorites, Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ By the mid-2010s, the style of vocals popular in indie pop have become immensely widespread among pop instrumentalists as they are commonly used by younger artists, like Lorde and Birdy.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ Traditional instruments, such as the mandolin, dulcimer, ukulele, banjo, and accordion, have been utilized more often, especially in indie rock musicians and singer songwriters, including Mumford and Sons, Vance Joy, Phillip Phillips, and The Lumineers, along with country players, such as Kacey Musgraves, Granger Smith and Zac Brown Band." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer and songwriter.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album \"Katy Hudson\" under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard, Dr. Luke, and Max Martin.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry rose to fame in 2008 with the release of her second album, a pop rock record titled \"One of the Boys\", and its singles \"I Kissed a Girl\" and \"Hot n Cold\".", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ The former track also sparked controversy for its sapphic themes.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Her third album, \"Teenage Dream\" (2010), ventured into disco, and was her first number one album on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ It topped the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 with the singles \"California Gurls\", \"Teenage Dream\", \"Firework\", \"E.T.", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ Calvin Cordozar Broadus, Jr. (born October 20, 1971), known professionally as Snoop Dogg, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, television personality, and actor.", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre, and as a result he was featured on Dre's solo debut, \"Deep Cover\", and then on Dr. Dre's solo debut album, \"The Chronic\".", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ He has since sold over 23 million albums in the United States and 35 million albums worldwide.", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ Snoop's debut album, \"Doggystyle\", produced by Dr. Dre and released in 1993 through Death Row Records, debuted at number one on both the \"Billboard\" 200 and \"Billboard\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ Andre Romelle Young (born February 18, 1965), better known by his stage name Dr. Dre, is an American rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He is the founder and current CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ Dre was previously the co-owner of, and an artist on, Death Row Records.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He has produced albums for and overseen the careers of many rappers, including 2Pac, The D.O.C., Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Xzibit, Knoc-turn'al, 50 Cent, The Game, and Kendrick Lamar.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He is credited as a key figure in the popularization of West Coast G-funk, a style of rap music characterized as synthesizer-based with slow, heavy beats.", "Say Somethin' (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ \"Say Somethin\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey.", "Say Somethin' (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ It was written by Carey, Snoop Dogg, Chad Hugo, and Pharrell Williams, and produced by The Neptunes as the seventh overall single from Carey's tenth studio album, \"The Emancipation of Mimi\" (2005).", "Say Somethin' (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ The song is one of few from Carey's catalog in which she does not share production credits.", "Say Somethin' (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ \"Say Somethin'\" features Dogg as a guest artist, and is influenced by R&B and hip-hop music genres.", "Say Somethin' (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song is a dialogue in between and male and female, that discuss sexual themes and acts of which they plan to engage in a restroom.", "Tha Blue Carpet Treatment __knowledge__ Tha Blue Carpet Treatment is the eighth studio album by West Coast hip hop recording artist Snoop Dogg.", "Tha Blue Carpet Treatment __knowledge__ It was released on November 21, 2006, by Doggystyle Records and Geffen Records.", "Tha Blue Carpet Treatment __knowledge__ Recording sessions took place from November 2005 to September 2006, in several recording studios were utilized and artists such as Dr. Dre, The Neptunes, DJ Battlecat, DJ Pooh, Timbaland, Danja, Mark Batson, Terrace Martin, and Mr. Porter that will be appearing on the album, among others.", "Tha Blue Carpet Treatment __knowledge__ The album debuted at number 5 on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 264,000 copies in its first week.", "Tha Blue Carpet Treatment __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"Tha Blue Carpet Treatment\" received generally positive reviews from music critics.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Doggystyle is the debut studio album by American rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ It was released on November 23, 1993, by Death Row Records and Interscope Records.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ The album was recorded and produced following Snoop's appearances on Dr. Dre's debut solo album \"The Chronic\" (1992), to which Snoop contributed significantly.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ The West Coast style in hip-hop that he developed from Dre's first album continued on \"Doggystyle\".", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Critics have praised Snoop Doggy Dogg for the lyrical \"realism\" that he delivers on the album and for his distinctive vocal flow.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Despite some mixed criticism of the album initially upon its release, \"Doggystyle\" earned recognition from many music critics as one of the most significant albums of the 1990s, as well as one of the most important hip-hop albums ever released.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Illmatic is the debut studio album by American rapper Nas.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ It was released on April 19, 1994, by Columbia Records.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ After signing with the label with the help of MC Serch, Nas recorded the album in 1992 and 1993 at Chung King Studios, D&D Recording, Battery Studios, and Unique Recording Studios in New York City.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Its production was handled by DJ Premier, Large Professor, Pete Rock, Q-Tip, L.E.S.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ and Nas himself.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Styled as a hardcore hip hop album, \"Illmatic\" features multi-syllabic internal rhymes and inner-city narratives based on Nas's experiences in Queensbridge, New York.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ The album debuted at number 12 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling 60,000 copies in its first week.", "Doggumentary __knowledge__ Doggumentary is the eleventh studio album by American West Coast hip hop recording artist Snoop Dogg.", "Doggumentary __knowledge__ It was released on March 29, 2011 with the record labels; Priority Records.", "Doggumentary __knowledge__ The album was produced by Battlecat, The Cataracs, Gorillaz, David Banner, THX, DJ Khalil, Fredwreck, Jake One, David Guetta, Mike Dean, Jeff Bhasker, Lex Luger, Meech Wells, Mr. Porter, Rick Rock, Rick Rude, Scoop DeVille, Scott Storch, Warryn Campbell, Kanye West, DJ Reflex, among others.", "Doggumentary __knowledge__ It was supported by the singles; Wet and Boom.", "Doggumentary __knowledge__ \"Doggumentary\" received mixed reviews from most critics.", "Doggumentary __knowledge__ The album debuted at number eight on the US \"Billboard\" 200.", "Tha Doggfather __knowledge__ Tha Doggfather is the second studio album by American rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg.", "Tha Doggfather __knowledge__ It was released on November 12, 1996, by Death Row Records and Interscope Records.", "Tha Doggfather __knowledge__ After the success of his debut album \"Doggystyle\" (1993), Snoop was charged with murder and in 1995, spent time preparing for the case that went to trial.", "Tha Doggfather __knowledge__ In February 1996, he was cleared of all charges and began working on his second album without Dr. Dre providing work as a record producer.", "Tha Doggfather __knowledge__ This was Snoop's final album on Death Row Records under his name of \"Snoop Doggy Dogg\".", "Tha Doggfather __knowledge__ Recording sessions took place from February 1996 to October 1996, with Suge Knight filling in as the executive producer on the album, alongside the additional production from several record producers such as DJ Pooh, Daz Dillinger, Soopafly and L.T.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ This a list of fictional characters in the television series, Big Time Rush.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ The article deals with main, recurring, minor character and notable guest stars.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ Kendall Knight (Kendall Schmidt) is the leader and founder of Big Time Rush (despite being the youngest) when he accepts to move to Los Angeles and record demos only if Gustavo brings James, Carlos, and Logan along to make them all a band.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He is portrayed as the glue that keeps the band together.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He manages to stay cool under pressure (described as \"Cool Rush\") and figure out solutions to problems, thus often resulting in the other guys running to Kendall when they have a problem, being the most mature and responsible member of Big Time Rush.", "Xzibit __knowledge__ Alvin Nathaniel Joiner (born September 18, 1974), better known by his stage name Xzibit (pronounced \"exhibit\"), is an American rapper, actor, television host, radio personality and record producer.", "Xzibit __knowledge__ He is known as the host of the MTV show \"Pimp My Ride\", which brought him mainstream success.", "Xzibit __knowledge__ Before hosting the show, he achieved fame in the West Coast hip-hop scene as a rapper, debuting with his acclaimed \"At the Speed of Life\" and gathering chart success with his follow-up albums \"40 Dayz & 40 Nightz, Restless\", \"Man vs. Machine\" and \"Weapons of Mass Destruction\", working with high-profile artists such as Eminem, Cypress Hill, Snoop Dogg, Ice Cube, Dr. Dre, Knoc-turn'al, Timbaland, Limp Bizkit, Alice Cooper, Game, 50 Cent and Within Temptation, as well as being one of the first rappers to work internationally, collaborating with overseas acts such as Russian rapper Timati, Raptile from Germany and Bliss N Eso from Australia.", "No Limit Top Dogg __knowledge__ No Limit Top Dogg is the fourth studio album and second on No Limit Records by American rapper Snoop Dogg.", "No Limit Top Dogg __knowledge__ It was released May 11, 1999, by No Limit Records and Priority Records.", "No Limit Top Dogg __knowledge__ Following the mixed reception of his previous two albums, Snoop began to work again with Dr. Dre and returned to the west coast sound of his earlier career while on Death Row Records.", "No Limit Top Dogg __knowledge__ The album was generally met with positive reception with many critics citing it as a return to form and his best album since Doggystyle (1993).", "No Limit Top Dogg __knowledge__ Many praised the production work for the album with the tracks made by Dr. Dre being highlighted as well as Snoop's delivery while criticism was mainly aimed at the length of the album, the No Limit features, and the lack of new lyrical content." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer and songwriter.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album \"Katy Hudson\" under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard, Dr. Luke, and Max Martin.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry rose to fame in 2008 with the release of her second album, a pop rock record titled \"One of the Boys\", and its singles \"I Kissed a Girl\" and \"Hot n Cold\".", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ The former track also sparked controversy for its sapphic themes.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Her third album, \"Teenage Dream\" (2010), ventured into disco, and was her first number one album on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ It topped the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 with the singles \"California Gurls\", \"Teenage Dream\", \"Firework\", \"E.T.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ Andre Romelle Young (born February 18, 1965), better known by his stage name Dr. Dre, is an American rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He is the founder and current CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ Dre was previously the co-owner of, and an artist on, Death Row Records.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He has produced albums for and overseen the careers of many rappers, including 2Pac, The D.O.C., Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Xzibit, Knoc-turn'al, 50 Cent, The Game, and Kendrick Lamar.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He is credited as a key figure in the popularization of West Coast G-funk, a style of rap music characterized as synthesizer-based with slow, heavy beats.", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ Calvin Cordozar Broadus, Jr. (born October 20, 1971), known professionally as Snoop Dogg, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, television personality, and actor.", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre, and as a result he was featured on Dre's solo debut, \"Deep Cover\", and then on Dr. Dre's solo debut album, \"The Chronic\".", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ He has since sold over 23 million albums in the United States and 35 million albums worldwide.", "Snoop Dogg __knowledge__ Snoop's debut album, \"Doggystyle\", produced by Dr. Dre and released in 1993 through Death Row Records, debuted at number one on both the \"Billboard\" 200 and \"Billboard\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Doggystyle is the debut studio album by American rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ It was released on November 23, 1993, by Death Row Records and Interscope Records.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ The album was recorded and produced following Snoop's appearances on Dr. Dre's debut solo album \"The Chronic\" (1992), to which Snoop contributed significantly.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ The West Coast style in hip-hop that he developed from Dre's first album continued on \"Doggystyle\".", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Critics have praised Snoop Doggy Dogg for the lyrical \"realism\" that he delivers on the album and for his distinctive vocal flow.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Despite some mixed criticism of the album initially upon its release, \"Doggystyle\" earned recognition from many music critics as one of the most significant albums of the 1990s, as well as one of the most important hip-hop albums ever released.", "The Chronic __knowledge__ The Chronic is the debut studio album by American hip hop recording artist Dr. Dre.", "The Chronic __knowledge__ It was released on December 15, 1992, by his own record label Death Row Records and distributed by Interscope Records and Priority Records.", "The Chronic __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place in June 1992 at Death Row Studios in Los Angeles and at Bernie Grundman Mastering in Hollywood.", "The Chronic __knowledge__ The album is named after a slang term for high-grade cannabis, and its cover is a homage to Zig-Zag rolling papers.", "The Chronic __knowledge__ It was Dr. Dre's first solo album after he had departed from hip hop group N.W.A and its label Ruthless Records over a financial dispute.", "Tha Blue Carpet Treatment __knowledge__ Tha Blue Carpet Treatment is the eighth studio album by West Coast hip hop recording artist Snoop Dogg.", "Tha Blue Carpet Treatment __knowledge__ It was released on November 21, 2006, by Doggystyle Records and Geffen Records.", "Tha Blue Carpet Treatment __knowledge__ Recording sessions took place from November 2005 to September 2006, in several recording studios were utilized and artists such as Dr. Dre, The Neptunes, DJ Battlecat, DJ Pooh, Timbaland, Danja, Mark Batson, Terrace Martin, and Mr. Porter that will be appearing on the album, among others.", "Tha Blue Carpet Treatment __knowledge__ The album debuted at number 5 on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 264,000 copies in its first week.", "Tha Blue Carpet Treatment __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"Tha Blue Carpet Treatment\" received generally positive reviews from music critics.", "Death Row Records __knowledge__ Death Row Records (formerly Future Shock Entertainment and Tha Row Records) was an American record company founded in 1991 by Suge Knight and other associates, record label almost instantly became a sensation by releasing a succession of multi-platinum hip-hop albums from West Coast-based artists such as Dr. Dre (\"The Chronic\"), Snoop Dogg (\"Doggystyle\"), Tupac Shakur (\"All Eyez on Me\"), Tha Dogg Pound (\"Dogg Food\") and others during the early-to-mid-1990s.", "Death Row Records __knowledge__ At its peak, Death Row Records was making over $100,000,000 a year, but by the late 90s the label began to decline in the wake of the shooting death of its star artist Tupac Shakur and imprisonment of co-founder Suge Knight.", "No Limit Top Dogg __knowledge__ No Limit Top Dogg is the fourth studio album and second on No Limit Records by American rapper Snoop Dogg.", "No Limit Top Dogg __knowledge__ It was released May 11, 1999, by No Limit Records and Priority Records.", "No Limit Top Dogg __knowledge__ Following the mixed reception of his previous two albums, Snoop began to work again with Dr. Dre and returned to the west coast sound of his earlier career while on Death Row Records.", "No Limit Top Dogg __knowledge__ The album was generally met with positive reception with many critics citing it as a return to form and his best album since Doggystyle (1993).", "No Limit Top Dogg __knowledge__ Many praised the production work for the album with the tracks made by Dr. Dre being highlighted as well as Snoop's delivery while criticism was mainly aimed at the length of the album, the No Limit features, and the lack of new lyrical content.", "Joachim von Ribbentrop __knowledge__ Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop (30 April 1893 – 16 October 1946), more commonly known as Joachim von Ribbentrop, was Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany from 1938 until 1945.", "Joachim von Ribbentrop __knowledge__ Ribbentrop first came to Adolf Hitler's notice as a well-travelled businessman with more knowledge of the outside world than most senior Nazis and as an authority on world affairs.", "Joachim von Ribbentrop __knowledge__ He offered his house for the secret meetings in January 1933 that resulted in Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany.", "Joachim von Ribbentrop __knowledge__ He became a close confidant of Hitler, to the disgust of some party members, who thought him superficial and lacking in talent.", "You Could Have It So Much Better __knowledge__ You Could Have It So Much Better is the second studio album by Scottish indie rock band Franz Ferdinand.", "You Could Have It So Much Better __knowledge__ It was first released on 28 September 2005 in Japan, and later on 3 October in the UK, through the Domino Recording Company.", "You Could Have It So Much Better __knowledge__ Recorded in both New York City and their own studio in Glasgow with producer Rich Costey, the album spawned four UK top 30 singles: \"Do You Want To\" on 23 August 2005, \"The Fallen\", \"Walk Away\" and \"Eleanor Put Your Boots On.\"", "You Could Have It So Much Better __knowledge__ The album became the band's first UK number one album and although their debut album was relatively successful in the United States, going platinum and reaching number 32, \"You Could Have It So Much Better\" managed to reach number 8 and earned gold status in the United States.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ The characters from the American medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\" are based on their respective counterparts from author George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of novels.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ Set in a fictional universe that has been referred to so far as \"The Known World,\" the series follows a civil war for the Iron Throne of the continent of Westeros, fought between the rival royal and noble families and their respective supporters.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ The following cast members have been credited as main cast in the opening credits: Additionally the following cast members have appeared in 10 or more episodes of the show while maintaining a 'recurring' status: Ned Stark (season 1, 6-7) portrayed by Sean Bean in season 1 as an adult, and by Sebastian Croft in season 6 as a child, and Robert Aramayo in season 6 and 7 as a young adult.", "I Like You So Much Better When You're Naked (Grey's Anatomy) __knowledge__ \"I Like You So Much Better When You're Naked\" is the twelfth episode of the sixth season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and the show's 114th episode overall.", "I Like You So Much Better When You're Naked (Grey's Anatomy) __knowledge__ It was written by Tony Phelan and Joan Rater, and directed by Donna Deitch.", "I Like You So Much Better When You're Naked (Grey's Anatomy) __knowledge__ It aired on the American Broadcasting Company in the United States on January 21, 2010.", "I Like You So Much Better When You're Naked (Grey's Anatomy) __knowledge__ In the episode, Dr. Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl) returns to the fictional Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital with the fear that her estranged husband Dr. Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) is moving on.", "I Like You So Much Better When You're Naked (Grey's Anatomy) __knowledge__ Further storylines include Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) contemplating as to whether or not he should report the chief of surgery Dr. Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.), for his alcoholism, and Dr. Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) battling the chicken pox.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Legally Blonde (musical) __knowledge__ Legally Blonde is a musical with music and lyrics by Laurence O'Keefe and Nell Benjamin and book by Heather Hach.", "Legally Blonde (musical) __knowledge__ The story is based on the novel \"Legally Blonde\" by Amanda Brown and the 2001 film of the same name.", "Legally Blonde (musical) __knowledge__ It tells the story of Elle Woods, a sorority girl who enrolls at Harvard Law School to win back her ex-boyfriend Warner.", "Legally Blonde (musical) __knowledge__ She discovers how her knowledge of the law can help others, and successfully defends exercise queen Brooke Wyndham in a murder trial.", "Legally Blonde (musical) __knowledge__ Throughout the show, no one has faith in Elle Woods, but she manages to surprise them when she defies expectations while staying true to herself.", "Job interview __knowledge__ A job interview is a one-on-one interview consisting of a conversation between a job applicant and a representative of an employer which is conducted to assess whether the applicant should be hired.", "Job interview __knowledge__ Interviews are one of the most popularly used devices for employee selection.", "Job interview __knowledge__ Interviews vary in the extent to which the questions are structured, from a totally unstructured and free-wheeling conversation, to a structured interview in which an applicant is asked a predetermined list of questions in a specified order; structured interviews are usually more accurate predictors of which applicants will make good employees, according to research studies." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 10, 17 ]

[ "Hi, do you like Katy Perry?", "Do you also like Snoop Dog?", "I Agree, he is much better as a Producer!", "Interesting fact about Snoop Dog, he has sold over 35 million albums worldwide!" ]

[ "Katy Perry", "Katy Perry", "Katy Perry", "Katy Perry" ]

[ "Isaiah Rashad", "Oh I love hip hop! What kind of hip hop does is he?", "I like Post Malone and some of Drake's work." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ Isaiah Rashad McClain (born May 16, 1991), is an American hip hop recording artist and record producer from Chattanooga, Tennessee.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ Rashad began taking rapping seriously in tenth grade, where he and his friends would record on laptops.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ He spent the next few years recording at local recording studios.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ His first big break would be touring with rappers Juicy J, Joey Badass and Smoke DZA among others, on the 2012 Smoker's Club Tour.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ He is also a founding member of the Chattanooga hip hop collective The House along with fellow Chattanooga rapper TUT and a member of the Chicago hip hop collective The Village along with artist Kembe X, Alex Wiley and more.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ In March 2013, Rashad signed to Carson, California-based independent record label Top Dawg Entertainment.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ On January 28, 2014, he released \"Cilvia Demo\", his first extended play, via digital distribution.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ \"Cilvia Demo\" was met with widespread acclaim from music critics and debuted at number 40 on the US \"Billboard\" 200.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ Off the buzz from the release of the EP, Rashad was named to the 2014 \"XXL\" freshman class.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ On September 2, 2016, he released his debut studio album, \"The Sun's Tirade\", to widespread critical acclaim.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ The album peaked at number 17 on the \"Billboard\" 200." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ Isaiah Rashad McClain (born May 16, 1991), is an American hip hop recording artist and record producer from Chattanooga, Tennessee.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ Rashad began taking rapping seriously in tenth grade, where he and his friends would record on laptops.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ He spent the next few years recording at local recording studios.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ His first big break would be touring with rappers Juicy J, Joey Badass and Smoke DZA among others, on the 2012 Smoker's Club Tour.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ He is also a founding member of the Chattanooga hip hop collective The House along with fellow Chattanooga rapper TUT and a member of the Chicago hip hop collective The Village along with artist Kembe X, Alex Wiley and more.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ In March 2013, Rashad signed to Carson, California-based independent record label Top Dawg Entertainment.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ On January 28, 2014, he released \"Cilvia Demo\", his first extended play, via digital distribution.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ \"Cilvia Demo\" was met with widespread acclaim from music critics and debuted at number 40 on the US \"Billboard\" 200.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ Off the buzz from the release of the EP, Rashad was named to the 2014 \"XXL\" freshman class.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ On September 2, 2016, he released his debut studio album, \"The Sun's Tirade\", to widespread critical acclaim.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ The album peaked at number 17 on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ The Neptunes are a two-member producing group consisting of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ This discography lists the recorded performances as a duo and individuals.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ It also lists the writing and production credits as The Neptunes, as Williams or Hugo, or both.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ Song names that are bold are singles, album names/releases are in \"italics\".", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ S.B.I.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) – \"S.B.I.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (With Larry Live, DJ Timmy Tim aka \"Timbaland\", Mr. Magoo & Magnum The Verb Lord aka \"Pharrell Williams\", All Tracks Produced By DJ Timmy Tim aka \"Timbaland\") Wreckx N' Effect – \"Hard Or Smooth (November 24th, US #9)\" (All Tracks Produced By Teddy Riley, Written By Pharrell Williams) BLACKstreet – \"BLACKstreet (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (Produced By Teddy Riley) SWV – \"Right Here (VLS) (July 10th, US #29)\" (All Tracks Produced By Teddy Riley) The Legacy – \"Technobodies (Unreleased)\" (All Tracks Produced By DJ Chase Chad aka Chad Hugo) The Party – \"All About Love (Promo CDS)\" (Produced By Demetrius Ship) BLACKstreet – \"Blackstreet (June 21st, US #7)\" Wreckx N' Effect – \"NBA Jam Session\" (Produced By Teddy Riley, Written By Pharrell Williams) Average Guyz – \"First Come, First Serve (Unreleased)\" (Produced By Chad Hugo) * * Mystikal – \"Mind Of Mystikal (October 15th)\" (Produced By Pharrell Williams & Leroy 'Precise' Edwards) SWV – \"The New Beginning (April 23)\" \"Use Your Heart (CDS) (July 28th, #6)\" Total – \"Total (January 13, US #23)\" (Samples Bee Gee's – Love You Inside Out) Jay-Z – \"In My Lifetime Vol.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ European hip hop is hip hop music created by European musicians.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop is a style of music developed by African American and Caribbean communities in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Due to this success, it has gained worldwide popularity, especially in Europe where many diverse and unique styles of hip hop have been created.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ This diversity is especially apparent in the forms of hip hop music and culture emanating from settler communities from Europe's former colonies and peripheries.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ In Denmark, Hip Hop rap music has been growing steadily more popular over the last fifteen years and began with Danish language acts such as MC Einar and Rockers by Choice, later on: less knowned Rip Rap & Rock, Flopstarz, Humleridderne and Faktaposen, The Danish way of doing rap music was topped in the 80's towards acceptance among the common people who did not listen to any rap music was with a rap song called: \"Rap Nu\" by the famed and beloved old Danish football commentator: Gunnar \"Nu\" Hansen.", "Timbaland production discography __knowledge__ Timothy Mosley is a producer better known as Timbaland.", "Timbaland production discography __knowledge__ This discography lists the recorded performances, writing and production credits as Timothy Mosley, as Timothy Zachery Mosley, as Timbaland or DJ Timmy Tim.", "Timbaland production discography __knowledge__ Song names that are bold are singles, album names/releases are in italics.", "Timbaland production discography __knowledge__ DJ Timmy Tim - \"DJ Timmy Tim's Studio Session (Unreleased)\" (All Tracks Produced By DJ Timmy Tim aka Timbaland) S.B.I.", "Timbaland production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) - \"S.B.I.", "Timbaland production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Reboc - \"9 In The Morning (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Sugah - \"Baby I Know (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Timbaland - \"Do You Wanna (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Makes You Say (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Da Boogie Man - \"Da Boogie Man (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Jodeci - \"Diary Of A Mad Band (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, December 21)\" (All Tracks Produced With DeVante Swing) Missy Elliott - \"Red Lights (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Mr. Dalvin - \"Set It Off (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Sista - \"4 All The Sistas Around Da World (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (All Tracks Produced With DeVante Swing) Static - \"S-T-A-T-I-C (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Sugah - \"Goin' Down (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Smokin' In The Dark (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Sugah Sensation (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Sugah Thang (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Sugar & Spice (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Timbaland & Magoo - \"Ain't Nothin' But A B-Party (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Another Level (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"In The 90s (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Plenty Of Styles (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Timbaland - \"Da Funk (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Get Down (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Peepin' My Style (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"We Can Do This (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Virginia Williams - \"Get Down (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Let Me In Your Life (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Slow Drag (Studio Session)\" B-Rezell - \"Above The Rim OST (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, March 22)\" Jodeci - \"What About Us (VLS) (US R&B/Hip Hop #14, August 2)\" Sista - \"4 All The Sistas Around Da World (US R&B/Hip Hop #84, September 24)\" (All Tracks Produced With DeVante Swing) \"Brand New (CDS) (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, August 4)\" (All Tracks Produced With DeVante Swing) Usher - \"Usher (US R&B/Hip Hop #25, August 30)\" (Produced With DeVante Swing) Jodeci - The Show, The After Party, The Hotel (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, July 18) Mr. Dalvin - \"Dangerous Minds OST (US Top 200 #1, August 10)\" Playa - \"Ride Around (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Sista - \"Dangerous Minds OST (US Top 200 #1, August 10)\" (Produced With DeVante Swing) 702 - \"Steelo Remixes\" Aaliyah – \"One In A Million (US R&B/Hip Hop #2, August 27)\" \"If Your Girl Only Knew (CDS) (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, August 13)\" \"One In A Million (CDM) (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, December 10)\" Babyface - \"This Is For The Lover In You (The Remix CD) (US R&B/Hip Hop #2, October 5)\" DeVante - \"Gin & Juice (VLS) (January 23)\" Ginuwine - \"Ginuwine...", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Illmatic is the debut studio album by American rapper Nas.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ It was released on April 19, 1994, by Columbia Records.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ After signing with the label with the help of MC Serch, Nas recorded the album in 1992 and 1993 at Chung King Studios, D&D Recording, Battery Studios, and Unique Recording Studios in New York City.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Its production was handled by DJ Premier, Large Professor, Pete Rock, Q-Tip, L.E.S.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ and Nas himself.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Styled as a hardcore hip hop album, \"Illmatic\" features multi-syllabic internal rhymes and inner-city narratives based on Nas's experiences in Queensbridge, New York.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ The album debuted at number 12 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling 60,000 copies in its first week.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop music has been popular in Africa since the early 1980s due to widespread American influence.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ In 1985 hip hop reached Senegal, a French-speaking country in West Africa.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Some of the first Senegalese rappers were M.C.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Lida, M.C.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Solaar, and Positive Black Soul, who mixed rap with \"Mbalax\", a type of West African pop music.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ An early South African group was Black Noise.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ They began as a graffiti and breakdance crew in Cape Town until they started emceeing in 1989.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ There also have been groups in Tanzania and other countries that emceed before 1989,that knows as Kwanza Unit although it is not very well known.", "Top Dawg Entertainment __knowledge__ Top Dawg Entertainment (TDE) is an American record label founded in 2004, by CEO Anthony \"Top Dawg\" Tiffith.", "Top Dawg Entertainment __knowledge__ Dave Free and Punch are both presidents of the TDE.", "Top Dawg Entertainment __knowledge__ There are currently eight artists signed to the label: Isaiah Rashad, SZA, Lance Skiiiwalker, and SiR, as well as the flagship artists, Black Hippy members Kendrick Lamar, Jay Rock, ScHoolboy Q and Ab-Soul.", "Top Dawg Entertainment __knowledge__ The label also houses a production division that includes Digi+Phonics, THC, King Blue and Derek \"MixedByAli\" Ali.", "Top Dawg Entertainment __knowledge__ In 1997, Anthony Tiffith began as a record producer, who had produced for rappers such as The Game and Juvenile, among others.", "Cilvia Demo __knowledge__ Cilvia Demo (also referred to as Cilvia) is the debut extended play (EP) by American hip hop recording artist Isaiah Rashad.", "Cilvia Demo __knowledge__ It was released on January 28, 2014, by Top Dawg Entertainment.", "Cilvia Demo __knowledge__ The EP features guest appearances from Jean Deaux and Michael Da Vinci, as well as his Top Dawg label-mates SZA, Schoolboy Q and Jay Rock.", "Cilvia Demo __knowledge__ The EP's production was handled by several record producers, namely Ross Vega, Mr. Carmack, Joseph L'Étranger, Black Metaphor, The Antydote, Farhot, Chris Calor, D. Sanders and a member of the Digi+Phonics Sounwave.", "Cilvia Demo __knowledge__ \"Cilvia Demo\" received universal acclaim from music critics." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ Isaiah Rashad McClain (born May 16, 1991), is an American hip hop recording artist and record producer from Chattanooga, Tennessee.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ Rashad began taking rapping seriously in tenth grade, where he and his friends would record on laptops.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ He spent the next few years recording at local recording studios.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ His first big break would be touring with rappers Juicy J, Joey Badass and Smoke DZA among others, on the 2012 Smoker's Club Tour.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ He is also a founding member of the Chattanooga hip hop collective The House along with fellow Chattanooga rapper TUT and a member of the Chicago hip hop collective The Village along with artist Kembe X, Alex Wiley and more.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ In March 2013, Rashad signed to Carson, California-based independent record label Top Dawg Entertainment.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ On January 28, 2014, he released \"Cilvia Demo\", his first extended play, via digital distribution.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ \"Cilvia Demo\" was met with widespread acclaim from music critics and debuted at number 40 on the US \"Billboard\" 200.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ Off the buzz from the release of the EP, Rashad was named to the 2014 \"XXL\" freshman class.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ On September 2, 2016, he released his debut studio album, \"The Sun's Tirade\", to widespread critical acclaim.", "Isaiah Rashad __knowledge__ The album peaked at number 17 on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Rockstar (Post Malone song) __knowledge__ \"Rockstar\" (stylized as \"rockstar\") is a song by American rapper Post Malone.", "Rockstar (Post Malone song) __knowledge__ It was released on September 15, 2017, by Republic Records as the first single from his upcoming second studio album \"Beerbongs & Bentleys\" (2018).", "Rockstar (Post Malone song) __knowledge__ The track features a guest verse from fellow American rapper 21 Savage, and was produced by Tank God and Louis Bell (who co-produced his hit single \"Congratulations\").", "Rockstar (Post Malone song) __knowledge__ It was written by Post Malone, 21 Savage, Louis Bell, Carl Austin Rosen, Joey Bada$$ and Olufunmibi Awoshiley.", "Rockstar (Post Malone song) __knowledge__ The track reached number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and reached the top spot in several other countries, including Australia, Canada, Portugal, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark and the United Kingdom.", "FKi 1st __knowledge__ Trocon Roberts, professionally known as FKi 1st, 1st Down or simply 1st, is an American record producer and disc jockey (DJ) from Atlanta, Georgia.", "FKi 1st __knowledge__ He is a member of the production and songwriting team FKi.", "FKi 1st __knowledge__ 1st's production has yielded 10 Gold and Platinum records, including the 4x platinum viral hit \"White Iverson\" by Post Malone, Iggy Azalea \"Work,\" Travis Porter \"Bring It Back\" & \"Make It Rain\" and the urban smash \"Watch Out\" by 2 Chainz.", "FKi 1st __knowledge__ In 2016, 1st released his own EP \"First Time For Everything\" on Mad Decent and toured with Fetty Wap, Post Malone, Justin Bieber, Diplo, and more.", "FKi 1st __knowledge__ He was also executive producer of Post Malone's debut album \"Stoney\" that later went platinum.", "Congratulations (Post Malone song) __knowledge__ \"Congratulations\" is a song by American rapper Post Malone.", "Congratulations (Post Malone song) __knowledge__ It was released on November 4, 2016, by Republic Records as the first promotional single from his debut studio album, \"Stoney\".", "Congratulations (Post Malone song) __knowledge__ It was then released on January 31, 2017, as the fifth single from the album, \"Stoney\".", "Congratulations (Post Malone song) __knowledge__ The track features vocals from Quavo, and was produced by Metro Boomin, Frank Dukes and Louis Bell.", "Congratulations (Post Malone song) __knowledge__ The track peaked at number eight on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming his highest peaking single on the chart, surpassing the number 14 peak of his debut hit, \"White Iverson\", until it was again surpassed by his track \"Rockstar\" featuring 21 Savage, which peaked at number one.", "Post Malone __knowledge__ Austin Richard Post (born July 4, 1995), known professionally as Post Malone, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, and guitarist.", "Post Malone __knowledge__ He first gained major recognition in February 2015, after the release of his debut single \"White Iverson\".", "Post Malone __knowledge__ In August 2015, Malone landed a record deal with Republic Records, going on to release \"Congratulations\" featuring Quavo and \"Rockstar\" featuring 21 Savage, which respectively reached numbers eight and one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Post Malone __knowledge__ He released his debut studio album \"Stoney\" in 2016.", "Post Malone __knowledge__ His upcoming album, \"Beerbongs and Bentleys\", is set to be released in 2018.", "Stoney (album) __knowledge__ Stoney is the debut studio album by American rapper Post Malone.", "Stoney (album) __knowledge__ It was released on December 9, 2016, by Republic Records.", "Stoney (album) __knowledge__ The album features guest appearances from Justin Bieber, Kehlani, Quavo and 2 Chainz.", "Stoney (album) __knowledge__ The production on the album was handled by Metro Boomin, Vinylz, Frank Dukes, Illangelo, Charlie Handsome, Rex Kudo and Foreign Teck, among others.", "Stoney (album) __knowledge__ The album debuted at number six on the US \"Billboard\" 200 and later reached number four.", "Stoney (album) __knowledge__ \"Stoney\" was certified double Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).", "Stoney (album) __knowledge__ On August 14, 2015, Post Malone released his debut single, titled \"White Iverson\".", "Homemade Dynamite __knowledge__ \"Homemade Dynamite\" is a song by New Zealand singer Lorde from her second studio album, \"Melodrama\" (2017).", "Homemade Dynamite __knowledge__ She co-wrote the track with Ebba Tove Elsa Nilsson, Jakob Jerlström and Ludvig Söderberg and co-produced it with Frank Dukes and vocal producer Kuk Harrell.", "Homemade Dynamite __knowledge__ Critics described \"Homemade Dynamite\" as a mid-tempo R&B and synth pop song with vocal sound effects, a percussive beat, a staccato hook, electronic flourishes, sharp percussion and woozy synths.", "Homemade Dynamite __knowledge__ In the lyrics, Lorde talks about having a feeling of euphoria at a house party with friends.", "Homemade Dynamite __knowledge__ \"Homemade Dynamite\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised its strong lyrical content, Lorde's vocal delivery and its production.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ This article describes trends in popular music in the 2010s.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ See also: 2010s in the music industry.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ The melismatic vocals mainstream during the 1990s and 2000s in pop and contemporary R&B lost favor by mid-late 2009, as vocally lower key artists, including Katy Perry, Taylor Swift and Rihanna, started to outsell new releases by perennial melismatic favorites, Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ By the mid-2010s, the style of vocals popular in indie pop have become immensely widespread among pop instrumentalists as they are commonly used by younger artists, like Lorde and Birdy.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ Traditional instruments, such as the mandolin, dulcimer, ukulele, banjo, and accordion, have been utilized more often, especially in indie rock musicians and singer songwriters, including Mumford and Sons, Vance Joy, Phillip Phillips, and The Lumineers, along with country players, such as Kacey Musgraves, Granger Smith and Zac Brown Band.", "Joey Badass __knowledge__ Jo-Vaughn Virginie Scott (born January 20, 1995), better known by his stage name Joey Badass (stylized as Joey Bada$$), is an American rapper, actor, and producer.", "Joey Badass __knowledge__ Raised in Brooklyn, New York, he is a founding member of the hip-hop collective Pro Era, with whom he has released three mixtapes.", "Joey Badass __knowledge__ He released his debut mixtape, \"1999\", in June 2012 to critical acclaim and recognition, followed by \"Rejex\" in September, and \"Summer Knights\" on July 1, 2013.", "Joey Badass __knowledge__ His debut studio album, \"B4.DA.$$\", was released January 20, 2015.", "Joey Badass __knowledge__ In July 2016, he made his television debut on the USA Network series \"Mr.", "Joey Badass __knowledge__ Robot\".", "B4.Da.$$ __knowledge__ B4.Da.$$ (pronounced \"Before Da Money\") is the debut studio album by American rapper Joey Badass.", "B4.Da.$$ __knowledge__ It was released on January 20, 2015, his 20th birthday, by Cinematic Music Group and Relentless Records.", "B4.Da.$$ __knowledge__ The album was released in North America and United Kingdom, as well as being made available for digital download on iTunes.", "B4.Da.$$ __knowledge__ The album debuted at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200, selling 54,000 copies in the first week in the United States.", "B4.Da.$$ __knowledge__ Joey Badass first began receiving a widespread recognition, following the release of his debut mixtape \"1999\" on June 12, 2012.", "B4.Da.$$ __knowledge__ It was named the 38th best album of 2012, by \"Complex\" and the best mixtape of 2012, by \"HipHopDX\", as well as being nominated for \"Mixtape of the Year\", by BET.", "Stay Trippy __knowledge__ Stay Trippy is the third solo studio album by American rapper Juicy J.", "Stay Trippy __knowledge__ The album was released on August 23, 2013, by Kemosabe Records and Columbia Records.", "Stay Trippy __knowledge__ The album was Juicy J's first solo album since distancing himself from Three 6 Mafia and joining Wiz Khalifa's Taylor Gang Records, who makes three appearances on the album.", "Stay Trippy __knowledge__ \"Stay Trippy\"s production was handled between 2011 and 2013 by producers such as Juicy J himself, Mike Will Made It, Cirkut, Lex Luger, Sap, Supa Dups, ID Labs, Timbaland and Young Chop, among others.", "Stay Trippy __knowledge__ The album also features additional guest appearances from Justin Timberlake, Chris Brown, Lil Wayne, 2 Chainz, The Weeknd, ASAP Rocky, Wale, Trey Songz, Young Jeezy, Big Sean, Pimp C, Trina, Yelawolf and Project Pat.", "Chevy Woods __knowledge__ Kevin \"Chevy\" Woods (born May 13, 1981) is an American rapper from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "Chevy Woods __knowledge__ Throughout his career he has been affiliated with rapper Wiz Khalifa and Taylor Gang record label, also serving as Khalifa's hypeman on tour.", "Chevy Woods __knowledge__ His first major appearance was on Wiz Khalifa's song \"Taylor Gang\".", "Chevy Woods __knowledge__ Woods has been on more than 20 tours and has released several mixtapes including \"The Cookout\" with Khalifa and the \"Gangland\" series.", "Chevy Woods __knowledge__ Woods started rapping as a child with friends using instrumentals for background music.", "Chevy Woods __knowledge__ After graduating high school, he attended Robert Morris University as an athlete and grew his passion for rapping.", "Unorthodox (Joey Badass song) __knowledge__ \"Unorthodox\" is the debut single by American hip hop recording artist Joey Badass, taken from his second solo mixtape, \"Summer Knights\".", "Unorthodox (Joey Badass song) __knowledge__ The song was produced by DJ Premier.", "Unorthodox (Joey Badass song) __knowledge__ \"Unorthodox\" was released as the mixtape's first single on January 14, 2013 on iTunes.", "Unorthodox (Joey Badass song) __knowledge__ Joey Badass made a one-off single deal with Mountain Dew's promotion team Green Label Sound.", "Unorthodox (Joey Badass song) __knowledge__ In an interview with \"HipHopDX\" he explained how he was able to work with DJ Premier: \"\"Shout out to Mountain Dew and Green Label Sound for linking that up.", "Unorthodox (Joey Badass song) __knowledge__ I did a one-off single deal with Mountain Dew and they just hooked that up for me.", "Unorthodox (Joey Badass song) __knowledge__ I was like I'll do this for you, and we just gon' get you in the studio with Premier.", "Dark Horse (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ \"Dark Horse\" is a song recorded by American singer Katy Perry featuring rapper Juicy J.", "Dark Horse (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ It was originally released on September 17, 2013, by Capitol Records as the first promotional single from Perry's fourth studio album, \"Prism\" (2013).", "Dark Horse (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ Three months later, it was released as the third official single on December 17.", "Dark Horse (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ Both artists co-wrote the song with its producers, Max Martin, Cirkut, and Dr. Luke, alongside Sarah Hudson.", "Dark Horse (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ It was conceived by Perry and Hudson during a writing session in Perry's hometown of Santa Barbara, California, and Juicy J was later commissioned for a verse on the song.", "Dark Horse (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ \"Dark Horse\" combines the genres of trap and hip hop, replicating what has been described as a \"Southern rap-techno mashup\".", "Juicy J __knowledge__ Jordan Michael Houston (born April 5, 1975), known professionally as Juicy J, is an American rapper, songwriter and record producer from Memphis, Tennessee.", "Juicy J __knowledge__ He is a founding member of the Southern hip hop group Three 6 Mafia, established in 1991.", "Juicy J __knowledge__ In 2002, he released his solo debut album \"Chronicles of the Juice Man\", in between Three 6 Mafia projects.", "Juicy J __knowledge__ In 2011, Juicy J announced that he was a part-owner and A&R rep for Wiz Khalifa's Taylor Gang Records, and the following year, he signed a solo deal with Columbia Records and Dr. Luke's Kemosabe Records.", "Juicy J __knowledge__ Juicy J released \"Stay Trippy,\" his third studio album under the aforementioned labels on August 27, 2013." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 30 ]

[ "One of my favourite hip hop music artists is Isaiah Rashad.", "He does a lot of rap, he even went on tour with Juicy J and Joey Badass. Who do you like?", "Yes, I like Post Malone. Especially his album 'Stoney'." ]

[ "Isaiah Rashad", "Isaiah Rashad", "Isaiah Rashad" ]

[ "Novel\nhello.i want to finish my novel in the year end", "oh likely", "maybe u have to read.it.that feeling should be awesome", "i don't." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Novel __knowledge__ A novel is any relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally in prose, and typically published as a book.", "Novel __knowledge__ The genre has been described as having \"a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years,\" with its origins in classical Greece and Rome, in medieval and early modern romance, and in the tradition of the novella.", "Novel __knowledge__ The latter, an Italian word for a short story to distinguish it from a novel, has been used in English since the 18th century for a work that falls somewhere in between.", "Novel __knowledge__ Ian Watt, in \"The Rise of the Novel\", suggested in 1957 that the novel first came into being in the early 18th century.", "Novel __knowledge__ Miguel de Cervantes author of \"Don Quixote\" (the first part of which was published in 1605), is frequently cited as the first significant European novelist of the modern era.", "Novel __knowledge__ The romance is a closely related long prose narrative.", "Novel __knowledge__ Walter Scott defined it as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\", whereas in the novel \"the events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society\".", "Novel __knowledge__ However, many romances, including the historical romances of Scott, Emily Brontë's \"Wuthering Heights\" and Herman Melville's \"Moby-Dick\", are also frequently called novels, and Scott describes romance as a \"kindred term\".", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems.", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ 25 is the third studio album by English singer Adele.", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ It was released on 20 November 2015, through XL Recordings nearly five years after the release and international success of her second studio album \"21\".", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ Titled as a reflection of her life and frame of mind at 25 years old, \"25\" is a \"make-up record\".", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ The album's lyrical content features themes of Adele \"yearning for her old self, her nostalgia\", and \"melancholia about the passage of time\" according to an interview with the singer by \"Rolling Stone\", as well as themes of motherhood and regret.", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ In contrast to Adele's previous works, the production of \"25\" incorporated the use of electronic elements and creative rhythmic patterns, with elements of 1980s R&B and organs.", "American Capital __knowledge__ American Capital, Ltd. (the Company) was a publicly traded private equity and global asset management firm, trading on NASDAQ under the symbol “ACAS” from 1997 to 2017.", "American Capital __knowledge__ American Capital, both directly and through its asset management business, originated, underwrote and managed investments in middle market private equity, leveraged finance and structured products.", "American Capital __knowledge__ It participated in management and employee buyouts either by providing mezzanine and senior debt financing for buyouts led by private equity firms or by providing capital directly to companies through a “One Stop Buyout” in which it funded senior debt, mezzanine and equity and was the controlling shareholder.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" is a song by English singer Adele, released on 23 October 2015 by XL Recordings as the lead single from her third studio album, \"25\" (2015).", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ Adele co-wrote the song with her producer, Greg Kurstin.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" is a piano ballad with soul influences, and lyrics that discuss themes of nostalgia and regret.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ Upon release, the song was acclaimed by music critics, who compared it favourably to Adele's previous work and praised the song's lyrics and Adele's vocals while many critics and publications ranked it as one of the best songs of the year.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ It was recorded in London.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" reached number one in almost every country it charted in, including the United Kingdom, where it became her second UK number-one single, following \"Someone like You\", and has the largest opening week sales in three years.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Shortly after her creation in 1974, the Hello Kitty vinyl coin purse was introduced by Sanrio in March 1975.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character was then brought to the United States in 1976.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character is a staple of the \"kawaii\" segment of Japanese popular culture.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without advertising except on Sanrio's, related show producers', and ticket sales' webpages and at show venues and nearby locations.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Originally aimed at preadolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers, being found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories.", "Year End Spectacular (1996) __knowledge__ Year End Spectacular (1996) was the third and final Year End Spectacular professional wrestling event produced by Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling on December 11, 1996.", "Year End Spectacular (1996) __knowledge__ The event was a part of the 1996 Year End Sensation tour, which concluded with the Year End Spectacular event.", "Year End Spectacular (1996) __knowledge__ The event marked the in-ring return of Atsushi Onita since his retirement at the 6th Anniversary Show and the retirement of Mr. Pogo as both men teamed up with Masato Tanaka and Tetsuhiro Kuroda against the Funk Masters of Wrestling team of Terry Funk, Hisakatsu Oya and The Headhunters in a Texas Tornado Street Fight Deathmatch.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ , formerly simply and colloquially referred to as , is a Japanese female idol group, holding the second highest overall single sales (of a female group) on the Oricon charts as of February 2012, with the Oricon record of most top ten singles with an amount of 50, and they have sold over 21 million copies in Japan alone.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Morning Musume was formed in 1997 by rock singer-songwriter turned record producer Tsunku, who later composed the vast majority of the group's songs over the decade.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ They are the lead group of Hello!", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Project that specialises in upbeat, pop-oriented music coupled with dance performance." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Novel __knowledge__ A novel is any relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally in prose, and typically published as a book.", "Novel __knowledge__ The genre has been described as having \"a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years,\" with its origins in classical Greece and Rome, in medieval and early modern romance, and in the tradition of the novella.", "Novel __knowledge__ The latter, an Italian word for a short story to distinguish it from a novel, has been used in English since the 18th century for a work that falls somewhere in between.", "Novel __knowledge__ Ian Watt, in \"The Rise of the Novel\", suggested in 1957 that the novel first came into being in the early 18th century.", "Novel __knowledge__ Miguel de Cervantes author of \"Don Quixote\" (the first part of which was published in 1605), is frequently cited as the first significant European novelist of the modern era.", "Novel __knowledge__ The romance is a closely related long prose narrative.", "Novel __knowledge__ Walter Scott defined it as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\", whereas in the novel \"the events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society\".", "Novel __knowledge__ However, many romances, including the historical romances of Scott, Emily Brontë's \"Wuthering Heights\" and Herman Melville's \"Moby-Dick\", are also frequently called novels, and Scott describes romance as a \"kindred term\".", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ There is also a four-episode OVA sequel.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ \"Anime Midstream\", Inc. announced in December, 2008, that it acquired the license for and planned to release the anime series Matchless Raijin-Oh in the U.S. sometime in 2009 as their first anime release.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The company began selling the first volume of the series direct from their website, as well as several other online retailers as of late December, 2009.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The first volume contained episodes 1-5.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The second volume, containing episodes 6-10, was released in September 2010, and translated the title beginning with this volume (and current printings of the first volume are now also marketed under that title).", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean female mountaineer.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ She is the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ On April 27, 2010, she reached the Annapurna summit.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh claimed she had climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat, but her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun later admitted that she had to stop a few hundred meters before the Kangchenjunga summit — therefore the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that Oh did not climb that peak, and the mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered that Edurne Pasaban is the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It is an important but usually minor constituent of water.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile and a catalyst.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ A hydroxide attached to a strongly electropositive center may itself ionize, liberating a hydrogen cation (H), making the parent compound an acid.", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ Sadaharu Oh (Japanese: , \"Ō Sadaharu\"; born May 20, 1940), also known as Wang Chen-chih (), is a retired Japanese–Chinese baseball player and manager who played 22 seasons for the Yomiuri Giants in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) from 1959 to 1980.", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ Oh holds the world lifetime home run record, having hit 868 home runs during his professional career.", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ He established many NPB batting records, including runs batted in (RBIs) (2,170), slugging percentage (.634), bases on balls (2,390), and on-base plus slugging (OPS) (1.080).", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ In 1977, Sadaharu Oh became the first recipient of the People's Honour Award.", "Spider-Man (2002 film) __knowledge__ Spider-Man is a 2002 American superhero film directed by Sam Raimi and based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name.", "Spider-Man (2002 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Tobey Maguire as Peter Parker, a high school student living in New York City, who turns to crimefighting after developing spider-like super powers.", "Spider-Man (2002 film) __knowledge__ \"Spider-Man\" also stars Kirsten Dunst as Peter's love interest Mary Jane Watson, Willem Dafoe as Norman Osborn/Green Goblin, Rosemary Harris and Cliff Robertson as Aunt May and Uncle Ben, and James Franco as his best friend Harry Osborn.", "Spider-Man (2002 film) __knowledge__ After progress on the film stalled for nearly 25 years, it was licensed for a worldwide release by Columbia Pictures in 1999 after it acquired options from MGM on all previous scripts developed by Cannon Films, Carolco and .", "West German Audio Book Library for the Blind __knowledge__ The West German Audio Book Library for the Blind (), abbreviated WBH, is a specialist library which produces and distributes audiobooks and periodicals for blind and partially sighted persons.", "West German Audio Book Library for the Blind __knowledge__ It is the largest library of its kind in the German speaking world.", "West German Audio Book Library for the Blind __knowledge__ The WBH supplies a nationwide network of libraries for the visually impaired, primarily in the western German states of North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate and the Saarland, but also to other states and abroad.", "West German Audio Book Library for the Blind __knowledge__ The WBH was founded in 1955 at the Public Library of Münster, Germany.", "West German Audio Book Library for the Blind __knowledge__ Actors from the municipal theater recorded the first audio books in an improvised studio lined with egg cartons.", "Korean literature __knowledge__ Korean literature is the body of literature produced by Koreans, mostly in the Korean language and sometimes in Classical Chinese.", "Korean literature __knowledge__ For much of Korea's 1,500 years of literary history, it was written in Hanja.", "Korean literature __knowledge__ It is commonly divided into classical and modern periods, although this distinction is sometimes unclear.", "Korean literature __knowledge__ Korea is home to the world's first metal and copper type, world's earliest known printed document and the world's first featural script.", "Korean literature __knowledge__ Classical Korean literature has its roots in traditional folk beliefs and folk tales of the Korean peninsula.", "Korean literature __knowledge__ There are four major traditional poetic forms: hyangga (\"native songs\"); pyolgok (\"special songs\"), or changga (\"long poems\"); sijo (\"current melodies\"); and kasa (\"verses\").", "List of Charmed characters __knowledge__ \"Charmed\" is an American television series that was originally broadcast by The WB for eight seasons from October 7, 1998, until May 21, 2006.", "List of Charmed characters __knowledge__ The series narrative follows a trio of sisters, known as The Charmed Ones, the most powerful good witches of all time, who use their combine Power of Three to protect innocent lives from evil beings such as demons and warlocks.", "List of Charmed characters __knowledge__ Each sister possesses unique magical powers that grow and evolve, while they attempt to maintain normal lives in modern-day San Francisco.", "List of Charmed characters __knowledge__ The main characters of the first three seasons were Prue (Shannen Doherty), Piper (Holly Marie Combs) and Phoebe Halliwell (Alyssa Milano).", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ The reception history of Jane Austen follows a path from modest fame to wild popularity.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Jane Austen (1775–1817), the author of such works as \"Pride and Prejudice\" (1813) and \"Emma\" (1815), has become one of the best-known and most widely read novelists in the English language.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her novels are the subject of intense scholarly study and the centre of a diverse fan culture.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ During her lifetime, Austen's novels brought her little personal fame.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Like many women writers, she chose to publish anonymously, but her authorship was an open secret.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ At the time they were published, Austen's works were considered fashionable but received only a few reviews, albeit positive.", "The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket __knowledge__ The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1838) is the only complete novel written by American writer Edgar Allan Poe.", "The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket __knowledge__ The work relates the tale of the young Arthur Gordon Pym, who stows away aboard a whaling ship called the \"Grampus\".", "The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket __knowledge__ Various adventures and misadventures befall Pym, including shipwreck, mutiny, and cannibalism, before he is saved by the crew of the \"Jane Guy\".", "The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket __knowledge__ Aboard this vessel, Pym and a sailor named Dirk Peters continue their adventures farther south.", "The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket __knowledge__ Docking on land, they encounter hostile black-skinned natives before escaping back to the ocean.", "The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket __knowledge__ The novel ends abruptly as Pym and Peters continue toward the South Pole.", "Magic realism __knowledge__ Magical realism, magic realism, or marvelous realism is a genre of narrative fiction and, more broadly, art (literature, painting, film, theatre, etc.)", "Magic realism __knowledge__ that, while encompassing a range of subtly different concepts, expresses a primarily realistic view of the real world while also adding or revealing magical elements.", "Magic realism __knowledge__ It is sometimes called fabulism, in reference to the conventions of fables, myths, and allegory.", "Magic realism __knowledge__ \"Magical realism\", perhaps the most common term, often refers to fiction and literature in particular, with magic or the supernatural presented in an otherwise real-world or mundane setting." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Novel __knowledge__ A novel is any relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally in prose, and typically published as a book.", "Novel __knowledge__ The genre has been described as having \"a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years,\" with its origins in classical Greece and Rome, in medieval and early modern romance, and in the tradition of the novella.", "Novel __knowledge__ The latter, an Italian word for a short story to distinguish it from a novel, has been used in English since the 18th century for a work that falls somewhere in between.", "Novel __knowledge__ Ian Watt, in \"The Rise of the Novel\", suggested in 1957 that the novel first came into being in the early 18th century.", "Novel __knowledge__ Miguel de Cervantes author of \"Don Quixote\" (the first part of which was published in 1605), is frequently cited as the first significant European novelist of the modern era.", "Novel __knowledge__ The romance is a closely related long prose narrative.", "Novel __knowledge__ Walter Scott defined it as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\", whereas in the novel \"the events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society\".", "Novel __knowledge__ However, many romances, including the historical romances of Scott, Emily Brontë's \"Wuthering Heights\" and Herman Melville's \"Moby-Dick\", are also frequently called novels, and Scott describes romance as a \"kindred term\".", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "The Keynote Speaker __knowledge__ The Keynote Speaker is the fourth studio album by American rapper and Wu-Tang Clan member U-God.", "The Keynote Speaker __knowledge__ The album was released on July 23, 2013, by Soul Temple Records.", "The Keynote Speaker __knowledge__ The album features guest appearances from GZA, Method Man, Styles P, Inspectah Deck, Elzhi and Kool Keith among others.", "The Keynote Speaker __knowledge__ In July 2013, during an interview with HipHopDX, U-God described the album, saying: \"Oh, this is fire!", "The Keynote Speaker __knowledge__ I tried to step it up a notch every time I put out a new record, and this one is like a brand new baby, man.", "The Keynote Speaker __knowledge__ It has legs, and it’s going to stand up on its own.", "The Keynote Speaker __knowledge__ It’s really deep, and it’s really good, man—more or less, I’m just happy with it.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ awesome is a dynamic window manager for the X Window System developed in the C and Lua programming languages.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Lua is also used for configuring and extending the window manager.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Its development began as a fork of dwm.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It aims to be extremely small and fast, yet extensively customizable.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It makes it possible for the user to manage windows with the use of keyboard.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The fork was initially nicknamed \"jdwm\", with \"jd\" denoting the principal programmer's initials, and with dwm reminding of the software project it forked from.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The first git repository for what was to become awesome was set up in September 2007. jdwm was renamed to awesome, named after the same phrase used by the \"How I Met Your Mother\" character Barney Stinson.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "Chuck Versus the Undercover Lover __knowledge__ \"Chuck Versus the Undercover Lover\" aired on January 24, 2008.", "Chuck Versus the Undercover Lover __knowledge__ It is the 12th episode of the first season of \"Chuck\", and aired alongside \"Chuck Versus the Marlin\" to close out the season.", "Chuck Versus the Undercover Lover __knowledge__ Casey is forced to revisit his past when his presumed-dead girlfriend resurfaces.", "Chuck Versus the Undercover Lover __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Ellie and Awesome have a fight, and it falls upon Morgan to help them patch things up.", "Chuck Versus the Undercover Lover __knowledge__ In 2004, John Casey is in Chechnya undercover as an energy consultant, staying with his AP photographer girlfriend, Ilsa (Ivana Miličević).", "Chuck Versus the Undercover Lover __knowledge__ She goes out with her camera, leaving him to sleep in and enters a restaurant just as a bomb explodes.", "Short story __knowledge__ A short story is a piece of prose fiction that can be read in one sitting.", "Short story __knowledge__ Emerging from earlier oral storytelling traditions in the 17th century, the short story has grown to encompass a body of work so diverse as to defy easy characterization.", "Short story __knowledge__ At its most prototypical the short story features a small cast of named characters, and focuses on a self-contained incident with the intent of evoking a \"single effect\" or mood.", "Short story __knowledge__ In doing so, short stories make use of plot, resonance, and other dynamic components to a far greater degree than is typical of an anecdote, yet to a far lesser degree than a novel.", "Anne Tyler __knowledge__ Anne Tyler (born October 25, 1941) is an American novelist, short story writer, and literary critic.", "Anne Tyler __knowledge__ She has published 20 novels, the best known of which are \"Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant\" (1982), \"The Accidental Tourist\" (1985), and \"Breathing Lessons\" (1988).", "Anne Tyler __knowledge__ All three were finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction with \"Breathing Lessons\" winning the prize for 1989.", "Anne Tyler __knowledge__ She has also won the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize, the Ambassador Book Award, and the National Book Critics Circle Award.", "Anne Tyler __knowledge__ In 2012 she was awarded \"The Sunday Times\" Award for Literary Excellence.", "Anne Tyler __knowledge__ She is recognized for her fully developed characters, her “brilliantly imagined and absolutely accurate detail,” and her “rigorous and artful style” and “astute and open language.” While many of her characters have been described as quirky or eccentric, she has managed to make them seem real through skillfully fleshing out their inner lives in great depth.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, science fiction, and fantasy.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His books have sold more than 350 million copies, many of which have been adapted into feature films, miniseries, television series, and comic books.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King has published 54 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and six non-fiction books.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ He has written around 200 short stories, most of which have been collected in book collections.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His novella \"Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption\" was the basis for the film \"The Shawshank Redemption\" which is widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time and was in fact voted the greatest film of all time by \"Empire\" magazine readers in \"The 201 Greatest Movies of All Time\" poll in March, 2006.", "Edna Iturralde __knowledge__ Edna Iturralde (born 1948) is an Ecuadorian author who has won multiple national and international awards.", "Edna Iturralde __knowledge__ She is considered the most important figure in children and young adult's literature of her country and, with fifty-seven books published, some of them in Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Spain, this author has attained significant international recognition.", "Edna Iturralde __knowledge__ She is a 2014 International Latino Book Awards Finalist.", "Edna Iturralde __knowledge__ Edna has six children and nine grandchildren.", "Edna Iturralde __knowledge__ She lives in Quito, Ecuador in the Valley of Tumbaco with her husband and four dogs, who keep her company while she writes.", "Edna Iturralde __knowledge__ She visits school children who read her books often.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ Weird Tales is an American fantasy and horror fiction pulp magazine founded by J. C. Henneberger and J. M. Lansinger in March 1923.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The first editor, Edwin Baird, printed early work by H. P. Lovecraft, Seabury Quinn, and Clark Ashton Smith, all of whom would go on to be popular writers, but within a year the magazine was in financial trouble.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ Henneberger sold his interest in the publisher, Rural Publishing Corporation, to Lansinger and refinanced \"Weird Tales\", with Farnsworth Wright as the new editor.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The first issue under Wright's control was dated November 1924.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The magazine was more successful under Wright, and despite occasional financial setbacks it prospered over the next fifteen years.", "Rudyard Kipling __knowledge__ Joseph Rudyard Kipling (; 30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936) was an English journalist, short-story writer, poet, and novelist.", "Rudyard Kipling __knowledge__ Kipling's works of fiction include \"The Jungle Book\" (1894), \"Kim\" (1901), and many short stories, including \"The Man Who Would Be King\" (1888).", "Rudyard Kipling __knowledge__ His poems include \"Mandalay\" (1890), \"Gunga Din\" (1890), \"The Gods of the Copybook Headings\" (1919), \"The White Man's Burden\" (1899), and \"If—\" (1910).", "Rudyard Kipling __knowledge__ He is regarded as a major innovator in the art of the short story; his children's books are classics of children's literature, and one critic described his work as exhibiting \"a versatile and luminous narrative gift\".", "Robert A. Heinlein __knowledge__ Robert Anson Heinlein (; July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was an American science fiction writer.", "Robert A. Heinlein __knowledge__ Often called the \"dean of science fiction writers\", his sometimes controversial works continue to have an influential effect on the genre, and on modern culture more generally.", "Robert A. Heinlein __knowledge__ Heinlein became one of the first American science fiction writers to break into mainstream magazines such as \"The Saturday Evening Post\" in the late 1940s.", "Robert A. Heinlein __knowledge__ He was one of the best-selling science fiction novelists for many decades, and he, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke are often considered the \"Big Three\" of English-language science fiction authors." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Novel __knowledge__ A novel is any relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally in prose, and typically published as a book.", "Novel __knowledge__ The genre has been described as having \"a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years,\" with its origins in classical Greece and Rome, in medieval and early modern romance, and in the tradition of the novella.", "Novel __knowledge__ The latter, an Italian word for a short story to distinguish it from a novel, has been used in English since the 18th century for a work that falls somewhere in between.", "Novel __knowledge__ Ian Watt, in \"The Rise of the Novel\", suggested in 1957 that the novel first came into being in the early 18th century.", "Novel __knowledge__ Miguel de Cervantes author of \"Don Quixote\" (the first part of which was published in 1605), is frequently cited as the first significant European novelist of the modern era.", "Novel __knowledge__ The romance is a closely related long prose narrative.", "Novel __knowledge__ Walter Scott defined it as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\", whereas in the novel \"the events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society\".", "Novel __knowledge__ However, many romances, including the historical romances of Scott, Emily Brontë's \"Wuthering Heights\" and Herman Melville's \"Moby-Dick\", are also frequently called novels, and Scott describes romance as a \"kindred term\".", "Wuthering Heights __knowledge__ Wuthering Heights is Emily Brontë's only novel.", "Wuthering Heights __knowledge__ Written between October 1845 and June 1846, \"Wuthering Heights\" was published in 1847 under the pseudonym \"Ellis Bell\"; Brontë died the following year, aged 30.", "Wuthering Heights __knowledge__ \"Wuthering Heights\" and Anne Brontë's \"Agnes Grey\" were accepted by publisher Thomas Newby before the success of their sister Charlotte's novel, \"Jane Eyre\".", "Wuthering Heights __knowledge__ After Emily's death, Charlotte edited the manuscript of \"Wuthering Heights\", and arranged for the edited version to be published as a posthumous second edition in 1850.", "Wuthering Heights __knowledge__ Although \"Wuthering Heights\" is now widely regarded as a classic of English literature, contemporary reviews for the novel were deeply polarised; it was considered controversial because its depiction of mental and physical cruelty was unusually stark, and it challenged strict Victorian ideals of the day regarding religious hypocrisy, morality, social classes and gender inequality.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Historical romance (also historical novel) is a broad category of fiction in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Walter Scott helped popularize this genre in the early 19th-century, with works such as \"Rob Roy\" and \"Ivanhoe\".", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Literary fiction historical romances continue to be published, and a notable recent example is \"Wolf Hall\" (2009), a multi-award winning novel by English historical novelist Hilary Mantel.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ It is also a genre of mass-market fiction, which is related to the broader romantic love genre.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ The terms \"romance novel\" and \"historical romance\" are ambiguous, because the word \"romance\", and the associated word \"romantic\", have a number of different meanings.", "Brontë family __knowledge__ The Brontës () were a nineteenth-century literary family associated with the village of Haworth in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England.", "Brontë family __knowledge__ The sisters, Charlotte (1816–1855), Emily (1818–1848), and Anne (1820–1849), are well known as poets and novelists.", "Brontë family __knowledge__ Like many contemporary female writers, they originally published their poems and novels under male pseudonyms: Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell.", "Brontë family __knowledge__ Their stories immediately attracted attention for their passion and originality.", "Brontë family __knowledge__ Charlotte's \"Jane Eyre\" was the first to know success, while Emily's \"Wuthering Heights\", Anne's \"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall\" and other works were later to be accepted as masterpieces of literature.", "Wuthering Heights (song) __knowledge__ \"Wuthering Heights\" is a song by Kate Bush, released as her debut single in January 1978.", "Wuthering Heights (song) __knowledge__ It became a number-one hit on the UK Singles Chart, and stayed at the position for four weeks.", "Wuthering Heights (song) __knowledge__ The song is Bush's biggest hit to date, and appears on her 1978 debut album, \"The Kick Inside\".", "Wuthering Heights (song) __knowledge__ The B-side of the single was another song by Bush, named \"Kite\" – hence the kite imagery on the record sleeve.", "Wuthering Heights (song) __knowledge__ \"Wuthering Heights\" came 32nd in \"Q\" magazine's Top 100 Singles of All Time as voted by readers.", "Wuthering Heights (song) __knowledge__ It is No.", "Wuthering Heights (song) __knowledge__ 5 on Pitchfork's \"Top 200 Tracks of the 1970s\".", "Wuthering Heights (song) __knowledge__ The guitar solo is played by Ian Bairnson, best known for his work with Alan Parsons.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ The romance novel or romantic novel discussed in this article is the mass-market literary genre.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ Novels of this type of genre fiction place their primary focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people, and must have an \"emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending.\"", "Romance novel __knowledge__ There are many subgenres of the romance novel including fantasy, historical romance, paranormal fiction, and science fiction.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ Walter Scott defined the literary fiction form of romance as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\".", "Romance novel __knowledge__ A thriving genre of works conventionally referred to as \"romance novels\" existed in ancient Greece.", "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall __knowledge__ The Tenant of Wildfell Hall is the second and final novel by the English author Anne Brontë.", "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall __knowledge__ It was first published in 1848 under the pseudonym Acton Bell.", "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall __knowledge__ Probably the most shocking of the Brontës' novels, it had an instant and phenomenal success, but after Anne's death her sister Charlotte prevented its re-publication.", "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall __knowledge__ The novel is framed as a series of letters from Gilbert Markham to his friend and brother-in-law about the events connected with the meeting of his wife.", "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall __knowledge__ A mysterious young widow arrives at Wildfell Hall, an Elizabethan mansion which has been empty for many years, with her young son and servant." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 8, 9 ]

[ "I hope you are able to, I dont get much time to read any long works of narrative fiction", "I need to read some short stories maybe i would have time for that", "Have you read any historical romances like Wuthering Heights or Moby-Dick?", "Wuthering Heights was the only novel Emily Bronte ever wrote! I have not read it either" ]

[ "Novel", "Novel", "Novel", "Novel" ]

[ "Tour de France\nTour De France is such a fascinating competition to me, can you imagine being that high level to compete even?!", "Tour de France", "Me too, I just saw a documentary on netflix about French countryside homes and it's absolutely gorgeous over there.", "Do all of the competitions happen in succession or is there a break between them?", "I would hope so, it would be grueling otherwise." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The Tour de France () is an annual multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Like the other Grand Tours (the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España), it consists of 21 stages over a little more than 3 weeks.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The race was first organized in 1903 to increase sales for the newspaper \"L'Auto\"; which is currently run by the Amaury Sport Organisation.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1903 except when it was stopped for the two World Wars.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ As the Tour gained prominence and popularity, the race was lengthened and its reach began to extend around the globe.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Participation expanded from a primarily French field, as riders from all over the world began to participate in the race each year.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The Tour is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI WorldTeams, with the exception of the teams that the organizers invite.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Traditionally, the race is held primarily in the month of July.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ While the route changes each year, the format of the race stays the same with the appearance of time trials, the passage through the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps, and the finish on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ Alberto Contador Velasco (; born 6 December 1982) is a Spanish former professional cyclist.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ He is one of the most successful riders of his era, winning the Tour de France twice (2007, 2009), the Giro d'Italia twice (2008, 2015), and the Vuelta a España three times (2008, 2012, 2014).", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ He is one of only six riders to have won all three Grand Tours of cycling.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ He has also won the Velo d'Or a record 4 times.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ He was regarded as the natural successor of Lance Armstrong and won the 2007 Tour de France with the team.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ During his time at the Astana team, he won the 2008 Giro d'Italia, the 2008 Vuelta a España and the 2009 Tour de France.", "Bradley Wiggins __knowledge__ Sir Bradley Marc Wiggins, CBE (born 28 April 1980) is a British former professional road and track racing cyclist, who competed professionally between 2001 and 2016.", "Bradley Wiggins __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"Wiggo\", he began his cycling career on the track, but has made the transition to road cycling and is one of the few cyclists to gain significant elite level success in both those forms of professional cycling.", "Bradley Wiggins __knowledge__ He is the only rider to have combined winning both World and Olympic championships on both the track and the road, as well as winning the Tour de France, and holding the iconic track hour record.", "Bradley Wiggins __knowledge__ In addition, he has worn the leader's jersey in each of the three Grand Tours of cycling and as of 2016 holds the world record in team pursuit.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ There have been allegations of doping in the Tour de France since the race began in 1903.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ Early Tour riders consumed alcohol and used ether, among other substances, as a means of dulling the pain of competing in endurance cycling.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ Riders began using substances as a means of increasing performance rather than dulling the senses, and organizing bodies such as the \"Tour\" and the International Cycling Union (UCI), as well as government bodies, enacted policies to combat the practice.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ Use of performance-enhancing drugs in cycling predates the Tour de France.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ Cycling, having been from the start a sport of extremes, whether of speed by being paced by tandems, motorcycles and even cars, or of distance, the suffering involved encouraged the means to alleviate it.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ Lance Edward Armstrong (born Lance Edward Gunderson on September 18, 1971) is an American former professional road racing cyclist.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ Armstrong is the 1993 professional world champion, and won the Tour de France a record seven consecutive times from 1999 to 2005.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ However, in 2012, he was banned from sanctioned Olympic sports for life as a result of long-term doping offenses.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ As part of those sanctions, all results going back to August 1998, including his seven Tour wins, were voided.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ At age 16, Armstrong began competing as a triathlete and was a national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990.", "Team Sky __knowledge__ Team Sky () is a British professional cycling team that competes in the UCI World Tour.", "Team Sky __knowledge__ The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium and an operational base in Quarrata, Italy.", "Team Sky __knowledge__ The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director Sir Dave Brailsford.", "Team Sky __knowledge__ Team Sky launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved within just three years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France, thereby achieving Team Sky's primary aim twice over within the original five-year time period.", "Mark Cavendish __knowledge__ Mark Simon Cavendish (born 21 May 1985) is a British professional road racing cyclist who currently rides for UCI ProTeam .", "Mark Cavendish __knowledge__ As a track cyclist he specialises in the madison, points race, and scratch race disciplines and as a road racer he is a sprinter.", "Mark Cavendish __knowledge__ In his first years as an elite track rider, Cavendish won gold in the madison at the 2005 and 2008 world championships riding for Great Britain, with Rob Hayles and Bradley Wiggins respectively, and in the scratch race at the 2006 Commonwealth Games riding for Isle of Man.", "Mark Cavendish __knowledge__ After not winning a medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics he did not compete on track until 2015, subsequently winning with Wiggins in 2016 a third world championship title in the madison, and individually a silver medal in the Omnium at the 2016 Summer Olympics." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The Tour de France () is an annual multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Like the other Grand Tours (the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España), it consists of 21 stages over a little more than 3 weeks.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The race was first organized in 1903 to increase sales for the newspaper \"L'Auto\"; which is currently run by the Amaury Sport Organisation.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1903 except when it was stopped for the two World Wars.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ As the Tour gained prominence and popularity, the race was lengthened and its reach began to extend around the globe.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Participation expanded from a primarily French field, as riders from all over the world began to participate in the race each year.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The Tour is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI WorldTeams, with the exception of the teams that the organizers invite.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Traditionally, the race is held primarily in the month of July.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ While the route changes each year, the format of the race stays the same with the appearance of time trials, the passage through the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps, and the finish on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ Alberto Contador Velasco (; born 6 December 1982) is a Spanish former professional cyclist.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ He is one of the most successful riders of his era, winning the Tour de France twice (2007, 2009), the Giro d'Italia twice (2008, 2015), and the Vuelta a España three times (2008, 2012, 2014).", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ He is one of only six riders to have won all three Grand Tours of cycling.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ He has also won the Velo d'Or a record 4 times.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ He was regarded as the natural successor of Lance Armstrong and won the 2007 Tour de France with the team.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ During his time at the Astana team, he won the 2008 Giro d'Italia, the 2008 Vuelta a España and the 2009 Tour de France.", "Team Sky __knowledge__ Team Sky () is a British professional cycling team that competes in the UCI World Tour.", "Team Sky __knowledge__ The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium and an operational base in Quarrata, Italy.", "Team Sky __knowledge__ The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director Sir Dave Brailsford.", "Team Sky __knowledge__ Team Sky launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved within just three years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France, thereby achieving Team Sky's primary aim twice over within the original five-year time period.", "Mark Cavendish __knowledge__ Mark Simon Cavendish (born 21 May 1985) is a British professional road racing cyclist who currently rides for UCI ProTeam .", "Mark Cavendish __knowledge__ As a track cyclist he specialises in the madison, points race, and scratch race disciplines and as a road racer he is a sprinter.", "Mark Cavendish __knowledge__ In his first years as an elite track rider, Cavendish won gold in the madison at the 2005 and 2008 world championships riding for Great Britain, with Rob Hayles and Bradley Wiggins respectively, and in the scratch race at the 2006 Commonwealth Games riding for Isle of Man.", "Mark Cavendish __knowledge__ After not winning a medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics he did not compete on track until 2015, subsequently winning with Wiggins in 2016 a third world championship title in the madison, and individually a silver medal in the Omnium at the 2016 Summer Olympics.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ Lance Edward Armstrong (born Lance Edward Gunderson on September 18, 1971) is an American former professional road racing cyclist.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ Armstrong is the 1993 professional world champion, and won the Tour de France a record seven consecutive times from 1999 to 2005.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ However, in 2012, he was banned from sanctioned Olympic sports for life as a result of long-term doping offenses.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ As part of those sanctions, all results going back to August 1998, including his seven Tour wins, were voided.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ At age 16, Armstrong began competing as a triathlete and was a national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990.", "Bradley Wiggins __knowledge__ Sir Bradley Marc Wiggins, CBE (born 28 April 1980) is a British former professional road and track racing cyclist, who competed professionally between 2001 and 2016.", "Bradley Wiggins __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"Wiggo\", he began his cycling career on the track, but has made the transition to road cycling and is one of the few cyclists to gain significant elite level success in both those forms of professional cycling.", "Bradley Wiggins __knowledge__ He is the only rider to have combined winning both World and Olympic championships on both the track and the road, as well as winning the Tour de France, and holding the iconic track hour record.", "Bradley Wiggins __knowledge__ In addition, he has worn the leader's jersey in each of the three Grand Tours of cycling and as of 2016 holds the world record in team pursuit.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ There have been allegations of doping in the Tour de France since the race began in 1903.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ Early Tour riders consumed alcohol and used ether, among other substances, as a means of dulling the pain of competing in endurance cycling.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ Riders began using substances as a means of increasing performance rather than dulling the senses, and organizing bodies such as the \"Tour\" and the International Cycling Union (UCI), as well as government bodies, enacted policies to combat the practice.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ Use of performance-enhancing drugs in cycling predates the Tour de France.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ Cycling, having been from the start a sport of extremes, whether of speed by being paced by tandems, motorcycles and even cars, or of distance, the suffering involved encouraged the means to alleviate it.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ This article describes the foreign policy positions taken by Donald Trump during his 2016 presidential campaign.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ In a \"New York Times\" interview in July 2016, Presidential Nominee Trump \"repeatedly defined American global interests almost purely in economic terms,\" with the nation's \"roles as a peacekeeper, as a provider of a nuclear deterrent against adversaries like North Korea, as an advocate of human rights and as a guarantor of allies' borders\" being \"quickly reduced to questions of economic benefit to the United States.\"", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ A 68-page document likely written by and under the direction of the Trump administration's national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H.R.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The Hobbit is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ They are based on the 1937 novel \"The Hobbit\" by J. R. R. Tolkien, with large portions of the trilogy inspired by the appendices to \"The Return of the King\", which expand on the story told in \"The Hobbit\", as well as new material and characters written especially for the films.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ Together they act as a prequel to Jackson's \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The films are subtitled \"\" (2012), \"\" (2013), and \"\" (2014).", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, Jackson, and Guillermo del Toro, who was originally chosen to direct before his departure from the project.", "List of Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin characters __knowledge__ This article contains cast and character information for the ABS-CBN Philippine action drama television soap opera Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin.", "List of Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin characters __knowledge__ 2nd Lt. Alexander \"Xander\" S. Del Tierro (Coco Martin) He comes from a prominent family with a strong military background.", "List of Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin characters __knowledge__ He has a domineering grandfather who is one of the country's feared generals, a manipulative mother solely devoted to pleasing her father, her husband but not her own son, and a father who is a respected military officer and the only one who truly understands him.", "List of Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin characters __knowledge__ He has consistently refused to join the military academy, but one major mistake made him decide otherwise.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ This is a list of bicycle-sharing systems.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ As of December 2016, roughly 1000 cities worldwide have a bike-sharing program.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ Advertising company JCDecaux launched its \"\"Cyclocity\"\" programs initially in Lyon, France, and Paris.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ The company also started programs in other cities in Europe such as Córdoba, Vienna and Kazan, as well as cities outside of Europe, such as Brisbane, Australia.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ Payment for using the bikes is done with smart cards.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ With sponsorship from first Barclays and later Santander, Transport for London launched a Cycle Hire scheme in London, where hire under 30 minutes is free from special bicycle stands across the city, after a daily, monthly or annual charge has been paid.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The Tour de France () is an annual multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Like the other Grand Tours (the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España), it consists of 21 stages over a little more than 3 weeks.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The race was first organized in 1903 to increase sales for the newspaper \"L'Auto\"; which is currently run by the Amaury Sport Organisation.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1903 except when it was stopped for the two World Wars.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ As the Tour gained prominence and popularity, the race was lengthened and its reach began to extend around the globe.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Participation expanded from a primarily French field, as riders from all over the world began to participate in the race each year.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The Tour is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI WorldTeams, with the exception of the teams that the organizers invite.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Traditionally, the race is held primarily in the month of July.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ While the route changes each year, the format of the race stays the same with the appearance of time trials, the passage through the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps, and the finish on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ The French Resistance () was the collection of French movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ Resistance cells were small groups of armed men and women (called the Maquis in rural areas), who, in addition to their guerrilla warfare activities, were also publishers of underground newspapers, providers of first-hand intelligence information, and maintainers of escape networks that helped Allied soldiers and airmen trapped behind enemy lines.", "French Resistance __knowledge__ The men and women of the Resistance came from all economic levels and political leanings of French society, including émigrés; academics, students, aristocrats, conservative Roman Catholics (including priests) and also citizens from the ranks of liberals, anarchists and communists.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production as well as online distribution.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Los Gatos, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflix's founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental service.", "Mad Men __knowledge__ Mad Men is an American period drama television series created by Matthew Weiner and produced by Lionsgate Television.", "Mad Men __knowledge__ The series premiered on July 19, 2007, on the cable network AMC.", "Mad Men __knowledge__ After seven seasons and 92 episodes, \"Mad Men's\" final episode aired on May 17, 2015.", "Mad Men __knowledge__ \"Mad Men\" is set primarily in the 1960s, initially at the fictional Sterling Cooper advertising agency on Madison Avenue in New York City, and later at the newly created firm, Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce (later Sterling Cooper & Partners), located nearby in the Time-Life Building, at 1271 Sixth Avenue.", "Mad Men __knowledge__ According to the show's pilot, the phrase \"Mad men\" was a slang term coined in the 1950s by advertisers working on Madison Avenue to refer to themselves, a claim that has since been disputed.", "Napoleon III __knowledge__ Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the nephew and heir of Napoleon I.", "Napoleon III __knowledge__ He was the first Head of State of France to hold the title of President, the first elected by a direct popular vote, and the youngest until the election of Emmanuel Macron in 2017.", "Napoleon III __knowledge__ Barred by the Constitution and Parliament from running for a second term, he organized a \"coup d'état\" in 1851 and then took the throne as Napoleon III on 2 December 1852, the forty-eighth anniversary of his uncle's coronation.", "Napoleon III __knowledge__ He remains the longest-serving French head of state since the French Revolution.", "Sense8 __knowledge__ Sense8 (a play on the word \"sensate\" ) is an American science fiction drama web television series created by Lana and Lilly Wachowski and J. Michael Straczynski for Netflix.", "Sense8 __knowledge__ The production companies behind \"Sense8\" include the Wachowskis' Anarchos Productions (replaced by Lana and her wife's Venus Castina Productions in the second season), Straczynski's Studio JMS, and Georgeville Television, with Unpronounceable Productions having been set up specifically for this show.", "Sense8 __knowledge__ The show's first season introduced a multinational ensemble cast, with Aml Ameen, Doona Bae, Jamie Clayton, Tina Desai, Tuppence Middleton, Max Riemelt, Miguel Ángel Silvestre and Brian J. Smith portraying eight strangers from different parts of the world who suddenly become \"sensates\"; human beings who are mentally and emotionally linked.", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American global provider of streaming films and television series.", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ Since its launch in 1998, it has been at the centre of numerous legal issues and controversies.", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ In 2006, Netflix held the first Netflix Prize competition to find a better program to predict user preferences and beat its existing Netflix movie recommendation system, known as Cinematch, by at least 10%.", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ CEO Hastings did not necessarily expect a lot of quick progress towards the prize, \"We thought we built the best darn thing ever.\"", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ But by June 2007, Hastings said the competition is \"three-quarters of the way there in three-quarters of a year.\"", "French Directory __knowledge__ The Directory was a five-member committee which governed France from 1795, when it replaced the Committee of Public Safety.", "French Directory __knowledge__ On 9 November 1799, it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and replaced by the French Consulate.", "French Directory __knowledge__ It gave its name to the final four years of the French Revolution.", "French Directory __knowledge__ The Directory was continually at war with foreign coalitions which at different times included Britain, Austria, Prussia, the Kingdom of Naples, Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "French Directory __knowledge__ It annexed Belgium and the left bank of the Rhine, while Bonaparte conquered a large part of Italy.", "French Directory __knowledge__ The Directory established 196 short-lived sister republics modelled after France, in Italy, Switzerland and the Netherlands.", "Fixed-gear bicycle __knowledge__ A fixed-gear bicycle (or fixed-wheel bicycle, commonly known in some places as a fixie) is a bicycle that has a drivetrain with no freewheel mechanism.", "Fixed-gear bicycle __knowledge__ The freewheel was developed early in the history of bicycle design but the fixed-gear bicycle remained the standard track racing design.", "Fixed-gear bicycle __knowledge__ More recently the \"fixie\" has become a popular alternative among mainly urban cyclists, offering the advantage of simplicity compared with the standard multi-geared bicycle.", "Fixed-gear bicycle __knowledge__ Most bicycle hubs incorporate a freewheel to allow the pedals to remain stationary while the bicycle is in motion, so that the rider can coast, i.e., ride without pedalling using forward momentum.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "1989 Tour de France __knowledge__ The 1989 Tour de France was the 76th edition of the Tour de France, a race of 21 stages and a prologue, over .", "1989 Tour de France __knowledge__ All of the decisive racing took place in the time trials and mountain stages.", "1989 Tour de France __knowledge__ There was no significant changes among the genuine contenders in the plain stages.", "1989 Tour de France __knowledge__ In the four individual races against the clock, Fignon managed no better against LeMond than matching his time in the prologue.", "1989 Tour de France __knowledge__ In the other three individual time trials LeMond gained time on his principal rival.", "1989 Tour de France __knowledge__ In the closest tour in history, 1986 Tour champion Greg LeMond was trailing two-time champion Laurent Fignon by fifty seconds at the start of the final stage, a time trial into Paris.", "2009 Giro d'Italia __knowledge__ The 2009 Giro d'Italia was the 92nd running of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours.", "2009 Giro d'Italia __knowledge__ It was held from 9 to 31 May 2009, and marked the 100th year since the first edition of the race.", "2009 Giro d'Italia __knowledge__ Starting in Venice and finishing in Rome, 22 teams competed over 21 stages.", "2009 Giro d'Italia __knowledge__ The Giro was raced on a unique path through Italy, taking the peloton to some historic cities and towns in Italian cycling.", "2009 Giro d'Italia __knowledge__ Though the route lacked any well-known, storied climbs, the many intermediate and mountain stages in the second and third weeks of the race proved deceptively difficult.", "2009 Giro d'Italia __knowledge__ The 10th and the 16th stages were both called the race's queen stage, as both contained multiple difficult mountain climbs.", "With a Little Bit of Luck __knowledge__ \"With a Little Bit of Luck\" is a popular song by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe, written for the 1956 Broadway play \"My Fair Lady\".", "With a Little Bit of Luck __knowledge__ It was sung by Stanley Holloway as Alfred P. Doolittle in both the original stage and film versions.", "With a Little Bit of Luck __knowledge__ It is sung by Eliza's bin man father, Alfred P. Doolittle and is about a list of everyday situations which one finds themselves in, and a desire to take the easy way out as \"With a Little Bit of Luck\" one's fate might change, thus avoiding any responsibility.", "With a Little Bit of Luck __knowledge__ The song is traditionally sung in a deep Cockney accent.", "With a Little Bit of Luck __knowledge__ The song occurs twice at Act 1 in the musicals.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ Ovarian cancer is a cancer that forms in or on an ovary.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ It results in abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ When this process begins, there may be no or only vague symptoms.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ Symptoms become more noticeable as the cancer progresses.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ These symptoms may include bloating, pelvic pain, abdominal swelling, and loss of appetite, among others.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ Common areas to which the cancer may spread include the lining of the abdomen, lymph nodes, lungs, and liver.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ The risk of ovarian cancer increases in women who have ovulated more over their lifetime.", "Ovarian cancer __knowledge__ This includes those who have never had children, those who begin ovulation at a younger age and those who reach menopause at an older age." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The Tour de France () is an annual multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Like the other Grand Tours (the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España), it consists of 21 stages over a little more than 3 weeks.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The race was first organized in 1903 to increase sales for the newspaper \"L'Auto\"; which is currently run by the Amaury Sport Organisation.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1903 except when it was stopped for the two World Wars.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ As the Tour gained prominence and popularity, the race was lengthened and its reach began to extend around the globe.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Participation expanded from a primarily French field, as riders from all over the world began to participate in the race each year.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The Tour is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI WorldTeams, with the exception of the teams that the organizers invite.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Traditionally, the race is held primarily in the month of July.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ While the route changes each year, the format of the race stays the same with the appearance of time trials, the passage through the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps, and the finish on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ The manner in which assets are distributed depends on whether the deceased has left a valid will or other valid document containing testamentary provisions, such as an antenuptial contract.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ If the deceased has not left a valid will or valid document containing testamentary provisions, the deceased dies intestate; similarly, if the deceased leaves a valid will which does not dispose of all property, there is an intestacy as to the portion not disposed of.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ In the event of intestacy, the assets are distributed in a definite order of preference among the heirs, as stipulated by the Intestate Succession Act.", "Golf in Russia __knowledge__ Golf in Russia is not yet widespread, not only because of adverse natural conditions, but also because the construction of golf courses requires large capital investments (a few tens of millions of dollars, usually more than a hundred).", "Golf in Russia __knowledge__ The first 18-hole golf course was built in the suburban area of Nakhabino in 1994, and remained the only one in the country for many years.", "Golf in Russia __knowledge__ The history of golf in Russia began with the establishment the first golf club in Moscow.", "Golf in Russia __knowledge__ On 15 September 1987, the first stone of the first golf course in the USSR was placed by famous Swedish hockey player, former world champion Sven Tumba.", "Rescue Robot League __knowledge__ The RoboCup Rescue Robot League is an international competition for urban search and rescue robots, in which robots compete to find victims in a simulated earthquake environment.", "Rescue Robot League __knowledge__ The rescue robot league is run alongside Robocup Rescue Simulation, as part of the RoboCup robot competition.", "Rescue Robot League __knowledge__ Robots perform 20 minute search and rescue missions in a test arena measuring approximately 10m by 6m, which features a number of obstacle zones designed to challenge autonomous operation, mobility during tele-operation, and object manipulation.", "Rescue Robot League __knowledge__ Points are allocated based on the number of victims found, the detail with which victims were detected, and the quality with which the arena has been mapped.", "Branch Area Career Center __knowledge__ Branch Area Career Center is a public school offering Career and Technical Training for High School students in Coldwater Michigan the county seat of Branch County.", "Branch Area Career Center __knowledge__ It is an extension of Bronson, Coldwater, and Quincy High Schools offering programs not offered in traditional schools.", "Branch Area Career Center __knowledge__ The facility has been running continuously since it was dedicated in 1974, helping thousands of students graduate with a head start in their field of study.", "Branch Area Career Center __knowledge__ The school is housed in a building on Morse Street in Coldwater Michigan.", "Branch Area Career Center __knowledge__ It was built at a cost of 2.8 million dollars or $30 per square foot.", "Branch Area Career Center __knowledge__ A county wide millage was approved by voters in 1971 to pay for the original facility and operating costs every year after.", "Garden High School __knowledge__ The first Academic Session of the School began in November,2001.", "Garden High School __knowledge__ This School is an attempt to give a ‘local habitation and a name’ to the vision that Satikanta Guha and his wife, Priti Lata Guha, had tried to give shape to in founding South Point School.", "Garden High School __knowledge__ That vision is shared by all who have played a part in founding the School and are involved in its present management.", "Garden High School __knowledge__ The four houses of Garden High School are Chinar, Cedar, Oak and Palm.Competitions happen between the four houses .", "Garden High School __knowledge__ The matches are played in the school field.", "Garden High School __knowledge__ A school should be ‘training minds and not stuffing them’.", "Garden High School __knowledge__ It is with this mission that pupils at Garden High School are encouraged to question, The school is affiliated to the CISCE.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ \"30 Rock\" is an American television comedy series created by Tina Fey, which aired on NBC.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series takes place behind the scenes of a fictional live sketch comedy series, also airing on NBC; the name \"30 Rock\" refers to the address of the GE Building, where NBC Studios is located (30 Rockefeller Plaza).", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series has an ensemble cast consisting of 14 regular cast members: Tina Fey, Alec Baldwin, Tracy Morgan, Jane Krakowski, Jack McBrayer, Scott Adsit, Judah Friedlander, Katrina Bowden, Keith Powell, Lonny Ross, John Lutz, Kevin Brown, Grizz Chapman, and Maulik Pancholy.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series features seven characters appearing during the opening credits: There are another seven characters not appearing during the opening credits but also receiving star billing.", "Apostolic succession __knowledge__ Apostolic succession is the method whereby the ministry of the Christian Church is held to be derived from the apostles by a continuous succession, which has usually been associated with a claim that the succession is through a series of bishops.", "Apostolic succession __knowledge__ This series was seen originally as that of the bishops of a particular see founded by one or more of the apostles.", "Apostolic succession __knowledge__ According to historian Justo L. González, apostolic succession is generally understood today as meaning a series of bishops, regardless of see, each consecrated by other bishops, themselves consecrated similarly in a succession going back to the apostles.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ Lance Edward Armstrong (born Lance Edward Gunderson on September 18, 1971) is an American former professional road racing cyclist.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ Armstrong is the 1993 professional world champion, and won the Tour de France a record seven consecutive times from 1999 to 2005.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ However, in 2012, he was banned from sanctioned Olympic sports for life as a result of long-term doping offenses.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ As part of those sanctions, all results going back to August 1998, including his seven Tour wins, were voided.", "Lance Armstrong __knowledge__ At age 16, Armstrong began competing as a triathlete and was a national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990.", "Team Sky __knowledge__ Team Sky () is a British professional cycling team that competes in the UCI World Tour.", "Team Sky __knowledge__ The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium and an operational base in Quarrata, Italy.", "Team Sky __knowledge__ The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director Sir Dave Brailsford.", "Team Sky __knowledge__ Team Sky launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved within just three years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France, thereby achieving Team Sky's primary aim twice over within the original five-year time period.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ There have been allegations of doping in the Tour de France since the race began in 1903.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ Early Tour riders consumed alcohol and used ether, among other substances, as a means of dulling the pain of competing in endurance cycling.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ Riders began using substances as a means of increasing performance rather than dulling the senses, and organizing bodies such as the \"Tour\" and the International Cycling Union (UCI), as well as government bodies, enacted policies to combat the practice.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ Use of performance-enhancing drugs in cycling predates the Tour de France.", "Doping at the Tour de France __knowledge__ Cycling, having been from the start a sport of extremes, whether of speed by being paced by tandems, motorcycles and even cars, or of distance, the suffering involved encouraged the means to alleviate it.", "Yellow jersey statistics __knowledge__ Since the first Tour de France in 1903, there have been 2,121 stages, up to and including the 2017 Tour de France.", "Yellow jersey statistics __knowledge__ Since 1919, the race leader following each stage has been awarded the yellow jersey ().", "Yellow jersey statistics __knowledge__ Although the leader of the classification after a stage gets a yellow jersey, he is not considered the winner of the yellow jersey, only the wearer.", "Yellow jersey statistics __knowledge__ Only after the final stage, the wearer of the yellow jersey is considered the winner of the yellow jersey, and thereby the winner of the Tour de France.", "Yellow jersey statistics __knowledge__ In this article first-place-classifications before 1919 are also counted as if a yellow jersey was awarded.", "Bradley Wiggins __knowledge__ Sir Bradley Marc Wiggins, CBE (born 28 April 1980) is a British former professional road and track racing cyclist, who competed professionally between 2001 and 2016.", "Bradley Wiggins __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"Wiggo\", he began his cycling career on the track, but has made the transition to road cycling and is one of the few cyclists to gain significant elite level success in both those forms of professional cycling.", "Bradley Wiggins __knowledge__ He is the only rider to have combined winning both World and Olympic championships on both the track and the road, as well as winning the Tour de France, and holding the iconic track hour record.", "Bradley Wiggins __knowledge__ In addition, he has worn the leader's jersey in each of the three Grand Tours of cycling and as of 2016 holds the world record in team pursuit.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ Alberto Contador Velasco (; born 6 December 1982) is a Spanish former professional cyclist.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ He is one of the most successful riders of his era, winning the Tour de France twice (2007, 2009), the Giro d'Italia twice (2008, 2015), and the Vuelta a España three times (2008, 2012, 2014).", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ He is one of only six riders to have won all three Grand Tours of cycling.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ He has also won the Velo d'Or a record 4 times.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ He was regarded as the natural successor of Lance Armstrong and won the 2007 Tour de France with the team.", "Alberto Contador __knowledge__ During his time at the Astana team, he won the 2008 Giro d'Italia, the 2008 Vuelta a España and the 2009 Tour de France." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The Tour de France () is an annual multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Like the other Grand Tours (the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España), it consists of 21 stages over a little more than 3 weeks.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The race was first organized in 1903 to increase sales for the newspaper \"L'Auto\"; which is currently run by the Amaury Sport Organisation.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1903 except when it was stopped for the two World Wars.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ As the Tour gained prominence and popularity, the race was lengthened and its reach began to extend around the globe.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Participation expanded from a primarily French field, as riders from all over the world began to participate in the race each year.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ The Tour is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI WorldTeams, with the exception of the teams that the organizers invite.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ Traditionally, the race is held primarily in the month of July.", "Tour de France __knowledge__ While the route changes each year, the format of the race stays the same with the appearance of time trials, the passage through the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps, and the finish on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ U.S.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Senator John McCain (R-AZ), a member of the U.S. Congress since 1983, a two-time U.S. presidential candidate, and the nominee of the Republican Party in the 2008 U.S. Presidential election, has taken positions on many political issues through his public comments, his presidential campaign statements, and his senatorial voting record.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Online, McCain uses his Senate web site and his 2008 campaign web site to describe his political positions.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Regarding the general notion of consistency of political positions over time, McCain said in June 2008: \"My principles and my practice and my voting record are very clear.", "United States Marine Corps Recruit Training __knowledge__ United States Marine Corps Recruit Training (commonly known as \"boot camp\") is a 13-week program of initial training that each recruit must successfully complete in order to serve in the United States Marine Corps.", "United States Marine Corps Recruit Training __knowledge__ All enlisted individuals entering the Marine Corps, regardless of eventual active or reserve duty status, will undergo recruit training at one of the two Marine Corps Recruit Depots (MCRD): Parris Island, South Carolina or San Diego, California.", "United States Marine Corps Recruit Training __knowledge__ Male recruits from the 8th, 9th and 12th recruiting districts (areas west of the Mississippi River except Louisiana and including parts of Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin and Michigan) are sent to MCRD San Diego.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ Mike and the Mad Dog was an afternoon drive sports radio program based out of WFAN in New York City hosted by Mike Francesa and Christopher \"Mad Dog\" Russo.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ Airing from 1989 to 2008, the show featured Francesa and Russo talking sports and taking phone calls from listeners.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ From 2002 onwards, the show was simulcast on television on the YES Network.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ On the radio, the show was simulcast beginning 2007 on WQYK in Tampa, Florida and from 2004 until 2007 on WROW in Albany, New York.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ Before Francesa and Russo were paired, Russo was an overnight/weekend and fill-in host.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ He caught the attention of Don Imus, who was impressed with his vibrant personality and brought Russo onto the \"Imus in the Morning\" show as its sports reporter.", "Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis __knowledge__ Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (; 21 May 1792 – 19 September 1843) was a French mathematician, mechanical engineer and scientist.", "Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis __knowledge__ He is best known for his work on the supplementary forces that are detected in a rotating frame of reference, leading to the Coriolis effect.", "Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis __knowledge__ He was the first to use the term \"work\" for the transfer of energy by a force acting through a distance.", "Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis __knowledge__ Coriolis was born in Paris in 1792.", "Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis __knowledge__ In 1808 he sat the entrance exam and was placed second of all the students entering that year, and in 1816, he became a tutor at the École Polytechnique, where he did experiments on friction and hydraulics.", "Fugazi __knowledge__ Fugazi (; ) is an American punk rock band that formed in Washington, D.C. in 1987.", "Fugazi __knowledge__ The band consists of guitarists and vocalists Ian MacKaye and Guy Picciotto, bassist Joe Lally and drummer Brendan Canty.", "Fugazi __knowledge__ Fugazi are noted for their unique sound, blending of elements of dub/reggae with high energy rock and punk/hardcore-styled guitars, as well as for their business practices and contempt towards the music industry.", "Fugazi __knowledge__ The band, and others from the punk and hardcore scene leading up to the early 1990s, were among the early adopters of what grew to be known as the DIY ethic.", "Fugazi __knowledge__ Fugazi have performed numerous worldwide tours, produced six studio albums, a film and a comprehensive live series, gaining the band critical acclaim and success around the world.", "Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act __knowledge__ The Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act (\"UCAPA\") is a Uniform Act drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and submitted for enactment by jurisdictions within the United States in 2006.", "Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act __knowledge__ This uniform law originated by the parents of internationally abducted children, and parents fearing their children would be abducted.", "Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act __knowledge__ In 2006, NCCUSL promulgated the Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act.", "Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act __knowledge__ The act provides States with a valuable tool for deterring both domestic and international child abductions by parents and any persons acting on behalf of the parents.", "Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act __knowledge__ Recognizing that most States have already developed substantial bodies of law regarding child custody determinations and enforcement, including specifically the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (UCCJEA), the NCCUSL drafted UCAPA to be compatible with and to augment existing state law.", "Rhythm Nation (music video) __knowledge__ The music video for recording artist Janet Jackson's single \"Rhythm Nation\" was directed by Dominic Sena.", "Rhythm Nation (music video) __knowledge__ It was filmed as part of the long-form video \"Rhythm Nation 1814 Film\" at a power plant located in Pasadena, California.", "Rhythm Nation (music video) __knowledge__ The video is notable for its \"post-apocalyptic\" warehouse setting, the unisex black military-style uniforms in which Jackson and her dancers were outfitted, and its choreography, considered to \"set the template for hundreds of videos to come in the Nineties and aughts.\"", "Rhythm Nation (music video) __knowledge__ The video's outfit has received various tributes, being displayed at Walt Disney World theme park, Rock & Roll Hall of Fame's \"Women Who Rock: Vision, Passion, Power\" exhibit, and the National Museum of Women in the Arts.", "Climate of Rawalpindi __knowledge__ Rawalpindi features a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa) with long and hot summers, a monsoon and short, mild and wet winters.", "Climate of Rawalpindi __knowledge__ Its climate is classified as very similar to its twin city Islamabad, but the geographical location and extreme urbanization of Rawalpindi has led to weather and climatic conditions that are notably different from its twin.", "Climate of Rawalpindi __knowledge__ Rawalpindi's weather has historically been known to change rather quickly due to its proximity to Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range.", "Climate of Rawalpindi __knowledge__ These mountains not only influence the weather of the city, but also provide great recreation during the hot months.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ United Kingdom labour law regulates the relations between workers, employers and trade unions.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ People at work in the UK benefit from a minimum charter of employment rights, which are found in various Acts, Regulations, common law and equity.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ This includes the right to a minimum wage of £7.50 for over 25-year-olds under the National Minimum Wage Act 1998.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Working Time Regulations 1998 give the right to 28 days paid holidays, breaks from work, and attempts to limit excessively long working hours.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Employment Rights Act 1996 gives the right to leave for child care, and the right to request flexible working patterns.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ \"Imagine\" is a song written and performed by English musician John Lennon.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ The best-selling single of his solo career, its lyrics encourage the listener to imagine a world at peace without the barriers of borders or the divisions of religion and nationality and to consider the possibility that the whole of humanity would live unattached to material possessions.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ Lennon and Yoko Ono co-produced the song and album of the same name with Phil Spector.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ Recording began at Lennon's home studio at Tittenhurst Park, England, in May 1971, with final overdubs taking place at the Record Plant, in New York City, during July.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Imagine (horse) __knowledge__ Imagine (foaled 20 February 1998) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for winning the Irish 1000 Guineas and The Oaks in 2001.", "Imagine (horse) __knowledge__ In a racing career which lasted from August 2000 to June 2001 the filly ran ten times and won four races.", "Imagine (horse) __knowledge__ As a two-year-old, Imagine ran six times, winning the Group Three C. L. Weld Park Stakes at the Curragh and finishing second in the Group Two Rockfel Stakes at Newmarket.", "Imagine (horse) __knowledge__ The following spring, the filly was beaten in her first two races before winning the Irish 1000 Guineas at the Curragh.", "Imagine (horse) __knowledge__ Imagine recorded her most valuable success on her final appearance, winning the Classic Oaks over one and a half miles at Epsom.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002)." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 ]

[ "It would take a lot of work and dedication, for sure. I would love to go, just to bike through France and other countries.", "There's actually 21 stages that occur in a little bit more than 3 weeks.", "It would be. The vegetation there is gorgeous. Also, the Tour de France has been happening ever since 1903. It only stopped for the 2 World Wars.", "I'd imagine there must be a break between each. Especially because it happens in July.. not a cool month at all.", "The route actually changes every year, but they keep the passage through the Pyrenees and the Alps the same." ]

[ "Tour de France", "Tour de France", "Tour de France", "Tour de France", "Tour de France" ]

[ "Halo (series)\nHave you ever played Halo for the Xbox? It is such a fun game.", "That is right. In fact they are making a movie based on it. I can't wait. I really like science fiction.", "Yeah it could be like that. I don't know the details of the plot but it has a pretty big budget I believe.", "Yeah the Halo is the big weapon that the aliens and humans are battling for control over. Part of why I like the video game is the rich storyline.", "Yeah it was the game that got Microsoft to successfully launch the Xbox. Without it I bet Xbox would not be around today." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ Halo is a military science fiction first-person shooter video game franchise created by Bungie and now managed and developed by 343 Industries, a subsidiary of Microsoft Studios.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The series centers on an interstellar war between humanity and a theocratic alliance of aliens known as the Covenant.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The Covenant, led by their religious leaders called the Prophets, worship an ancient civilization known as the Forerunners, who perished in combat with the parasitic Flood.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The central focus of the franchise builds off the experiences of Master Chief John-117, one of a group of supersoldiers codenamed Spartans, and his artificial intelligence (AI) companion, Cortana.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ Other characters, such as Noble Six from \"\", are also introduced in the series.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The term \"Halo\" refers to the Halo rings: large, habitable superweapons that were created by the Forerunners to destroy the parasitic Flood.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ They are similar to the Orbitals in Iain M. Banks' \"Culture\" novels, and to a lesser degree to author Larry Niven's \"Ringworld\" concept.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The games in the series are praised as being among the best first-person shooters on a video game console, and are considered the Xbox's \"killer app\".", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ This led to the term \"\"Halo\" killer\" being used to describe console games that aspire, or are considered, to be better than \"Halo\".", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ Halo 4 is a first-person shooter video game developed by 343 Industries and published by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox 360 video game console.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ The seventh video game installment in the \"Halo\" franchise, the game was released worldwide in November 2012.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ \"Halo 4\"s story follows a cybernetically enhanced human supersoldier, Master Chief, and his artificial intelligence construct Cortana, as they encounter unknown threats while exploring an ancient civilization's planet.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of Master Chief, who battles remnants of the former military alliance of alien races known as the Covenant and mechanical warriors of the Forerunner empire known as the Prometheans.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Halo 3 is a 2007 first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie for the Xbox 360 console.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The third installment in the \"Halo\" franchise, the game concludes the story arc begun in 2001's \"\" and continued in 2004's \"Halo 2\".", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game was released on September 25, 2007, in Australia, Brazil, India, New Zealand, North America, and Singapore; September 26, 2007, in Europe; and September 27, 2007, in Japan.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ \"Halo 3\"s story centers on the interstellar war between twenty-sixth century humanity and a collection of alien races known as the Covenant.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of the Master Chief, a cybernetically enhanced supersoldier, as he battles the Covenant.", "Halo: Combat Evolved __knowledge__ Halo: Combat Evolved is a 2001 military science fiction first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Microsoft Game Studios.", "Halo: Combat Evolved __knowledge__ The first game of the \"Halo\" franchise, it was released as a launch title for the Xbox gaming system on November 15, 2001, and is considered the platform's \"killer app\".", "Halo: Combat Evolved __knowledge__ More than five million copies were sold worldwide by November 2005.", "Halo: Combat Evolved __knowledge__ Microsoft released versions of the game for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X in 2003, and the surrounding storyline was adapted and elaborated into a series of novels, comic books, and live-action web series.", "Halo: Combat Evolved __knowledge__ The game was later released as a downloadable Xbox Original for the Xbox 360.", "Halo 2 __knowledge__ Halo 2 is a 2004 first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie Studios.", "Halo 2 __knowledge__ Released for the Xbox video game console on November 9, 2004, the game is the second installment in the \"Halo\" franchise and the sequel to 2001's critically acclaimed \"\".", "Halo 2 __knowledge__ A Microsoft Windows version of the game was released on May 31, 2007, developed by an internal team at Microsoft Game Studios known as Hired Gun.", "Halo 2 __knowledge__ The game features a new game engine, as well as using the Havok physics engine; added weapons and vehicles, and new multiplayer maps.", "Halo 2 __knowledge__ The player alternately assumes the roles of the human Master Chief and the alien Arbiter in a 26th-century conflict between the human United Nations Space Command and genocidal Covenant.", "Halo Wars __knowledge__ Halo Wars is a real-time strategy (RTS) video game developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox 360 video game console.", "Halo Wars __knowledge__ It was released in Japan and Australia on February 26, 2009; in Europe on February 27; and in North America on March 3.", "Halo Wars __knowledge__ The game is set in the science fiction universe of the \"Halo\" series in the year 2531, 21 years before the events of \"\".", "Halo Wars __knowledge__ The player leads human soldiers aboard the warship \"Spirit of Fire\" in an effort to stop an ancient fleet of ships from falling into the hands of the genocidal alien Covenant.", "Halo Wars __knowledge__ \"Halo Wars\" was unveiled at the X06 Xbox show in 2006.", "Halo 5: Guardians __knowledge__ Halo 5: Guardians is a first-person shooter video game developed by 343 Industries and published by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox One home video game console.", "Halo 5: Guardians __knowledge__ The tenth installment and fifth main entry in the \"Halo\" series of video games, it was released worldwide on October 27, 2015.", "Halo 5: Guardians __knowledge__ The game's plot follows two fireteams of human supersoldiers: Blue Team, led by Master Chief, and Fireteam Osiris, led by Spartan Locke.", "Halo 5: Guardians __knowledge__ When the former goes absent without leave to track down the artificial intelligence construct Cortana, Master Chief's loyalty is called into question, and Fireteam Osiris is sent to retrieve him." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ Halo is a military science fiction first-person shooter video game franchise created by Bungie and now managed and developed by 343 Industries, a subsidiary of Microsoft Studios.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The series centers on an interstellar war between humanity and a theocratic alliance of aliens known as the Covenant.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The Covenant, led by their religious leaders called the Prophets, worship an ancient civilization known as the Forerunners, who perished in combat with the parasitic Flood.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The central focus of the franchise builds off the experiences of Master Chief John-117, one of a group of supersoldiers codenamed Spartans, and his artificial intelligence (AI) companion, Cortana.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ Other characters, such as Noble Six from \"\", are also introduced in the series.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The term \"Halo\" refers to the Halo rings: large, habitable superweapons that were created by the Forerunners to destroy the parasitic Flood.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ They are similar to the Orbitals in Iain M. Banks' \"Culture\" novels, and to a lesser degree to author Larry Niven's \"Ringworld\" concept.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The games in the series are praised as being among the best first-person shooters on a video game console, and are considered the Xbox's \"killer app\".", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ This led to the term \"\"Halo\" killer\" being used to describe console games that aspire, or are considered, to be better than \"Halo\".", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\".", "Science fiction __knowledge__ It usually avoids the supernatural, unlike the related genre of fantasy.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Historically, science-fiction stories have had a grounding in actual science, but now this is only expected of hard science fiction.", "Isaac Asimov __knowledge__ Isaac Asimov (; born Isaak Ozimov; January 2, 1920 – April 6, 1992) was an American writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University.", "Isaac Asimov __knowledge__ He was known for his works of science fiction and popular science.", "Isaac Asimov __knowledge__ Asimov was a prolific writer, and wrote or edited more than 500 books and an estimated 90,000 letters and postcards.", "Isaac Asimov __knowledge__ His books have been published in 9 of the 10 major categories of the Dewey Decimal Classification.", "Isaac Asimov __knowledge__ Asimov wrote hard science fiction and, along with Robert A. Heinlein and Arthur C. Clarke, he was considered one of the \"Big Three\" science fiction writers during his lifetime.", "History of science fiction __knowledge__ The literary genre of science fiction is diverse, and its exact definition remains a contested question among both scholars and devotees.", "History of science fiction __knowledge__ This lack of consensus is reflected in debates about the genre's history, particularly over determining its exact origins.", "History of science fiction __knowledge__ There are two broad camps of thought, one that identifies the genre's roots in early fantastical works such as the Sumerian \"Epic of Gilgamesh\" (earliest Sumerian text versions c. 2150–2000 BCE).", "History of science fiction __knowledge__ A second approach argues that science fiction only became possible sometime between the 17th and early 19th centuries, following the scientific revolution and major discoveries in astronomy, physics, and mathematics.", "Science fiction film __knowledge__ Science fiction film (or sci-fi film) is a genre that uses speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, alien worlds, extrasensory perception and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar travel or other technologies.", "Science fiction film __knowledge__ Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition.", "Science fiction film __knowledge__ In many cases, tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held.", "Alien (film) __knowledge__ Alien is a 1979 science fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott, and starring Sigourney Weaver, Tom Skerritt, Veronica Cartwright, Harry Dean Stanton, John Hurt, Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto.", "Alien (film) __knowledge__ It is the first movie in what became a large \"Alien\" franchise.", "Alien (film) __knowledge__ The film's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and attacks the crew of a spaceship.", "Alien (film) __knowledge__ Dan O'Bannon, drawing upon previous works of science fiction and horror, wrote the screenplay from a story he co-authored with Ronald Shusett.", "Alien (film) __knowledge__ The film was produced by Gordon Carroll, David Giler and Walter Hill through their company Brandywine Productions, and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Jean Henri Gaston Giraud (; 8 May 1938 – 10 March 2012) was a French artist, cartoonist and writer who worked in the Franco-Belgian \"bandes dessinées\" (BD) tradition.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Giraud garnered worldwide acclaim predominantly under the pseudonym Mœbius (; ) and to a lesser extent Gir (), which he used for the \"Blueberry\" series and his Western themed paintings.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Esteemed by Federico Fellini, Stan Lee and Hayao Miyazaki among others, he has been described as the most influential artist after Hergé.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ His most famous works include the series \"Blueberry\", created with writer Jean-Michel Charlier, featuring one of the first anti-heroes in Western comics.", "Military science __knowledge__ Military science is the study of military processes, institutions, and behavior, along with the study of warfare, and the theory and application of organized coercive force.", "Military science __knowledge__ It is mainly focused on theory, method, and practice of producing military capability in a manner consistent with national defense policy.", "Military science __knowledge__ Military science serves to identify the strategic, political, economic, psychological, social, operational, technological, and tactical elements necessary to sustain relative advantage of military force; and to increase the likelihood and favorable outcomes of victory in peace or during a war.", "Military science fiction __knowledge__ Military science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that features the use of science fiction technology, mainly weapons, for military purposes and usually principal characters that are members of a military organization involved in military activity; occurring sometimes in outer space or on a different planet or planets.", "Military science fiction __knowledge__ It exists in literature, comics, film, and video games.", "Military science fiction __knowledge__ A detailed description of the conflict, the tactics and weapons used for it, and the role of a military service and the individual members of that military organization forms the basis for a typical work of military science fiction.", "Starship Troopers __knowledge__ Starship Troopers is a military science fiction novel by U.S. writer Robert A. Heinlein.", "Starship Troopers __knowledge__ Written in a few weeks in reaction to the U.S. suspending nuclear tests, the story was first published as a two-part serial in \"The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction\" as Starship Soldier, and published as a book by G. P. Putnam's Sons in December 1959.", "Starship Troopers __knowledge__ The story is set in a future society ruled by a world government dominated by a military elite.", "Starship Troopers __knowledge__ The first-person narrative follows Juan \"Johnny\" Rico through his military service in the Mobile Infantry.", "Starship Troopers __knowledge__ Rico progresses from recruit to officer against the backdrop of an interstellar war between humans and an alien species known as \"Arachnids\" or \"Bugs\".", "Fordham University __knowledge__ Fordham University () is a private research university in New York City, founded by the Catholic Diocese of New York in 1841.", "Fordham University __knowledge__ It is the oldest Catholic university in the northeastern United States, the third-oldest university in New York, and the only Jesuit university in New York City.", "Fordham University __knowledge__ Established as St. John's College by John Hughes, then a coadjutor bishop of New York, it was placed in the care of the Society of Jesus shortly thereafter, and has since become a Jesuit-affiliated independent school under a lay board of trustees.", "Fordham University __knowledge__ The college's first president, John McCloskey, was the first Catholic cardinal in the United States.", "Metamorpho __knowledge__ Metamorpho (real name Rex Mason, also called The Element Man) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Metamorpho __knowledge__ He is a founding member of the Outsiders, and has also joined multiple incarnations of the Justice League.", "Metamorpho __knowledge__ The character has been moderately popular since his introduction in 1965.", "Metamorpho __knowledge__ Originally adventurer Rex Mason, he is converted into a man made of a shifting mass of chemicals after being cursed by an ancient artifact that he has retrieved.", "Metamorpho __knowledge__ Metamorpho's creator, Bob Haney, had seen success with DC Comics in 1963 with the titles \"Metal Men\" and \"Doom Patrol\", featuring bands of superheroes exhibiting fantastic powers.", "Oregon State University Army ROTC __knowledge__ Oregon State University Army ROTC is an ROTC Battalion assigned to Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon.", "Oregon State University Army ROTC __knowledge__ Its mission is to train Cadets in basic military leadership and commission them as 2nd Lieutenants upon the completion of a bachelor's degree.", "Oregon State University Army ROTC __knowledge__ Founded in 1873, the ROTC Battalion has continued to serve the nation and US Army Cadet Command and was given the nickname, \"The West Point of the West\" after it produced more commissioned officers than any other ROTC Battalion in the USA during World War II.", "Oregon State University Army ROTC __knowledge__ Prior to the American Civil War, the small number of officers the Army needed was provided by the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York and a few other colleges, such as Norwich University." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ Halo is a military science fiction first-person shooter video game franchise created by Bungie and now managed and developed by 343 Industries, a subsidiary of Microsoft Studios.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The series centers on an interstellar war between humanity and a theocratic alliance of aliens known as the Covenant.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The Covenant, led by their religious leaders called the Prophets, worship an ancient civilization known as the Forerunners, who perished in combat with the parasitic Flood.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The central focus of the franchise builds off the experiences of Master Chief John-117, one of a group of supersoldiers codenamed Spartans, and his artificial intelligence (AI) companion, Cortana.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ Other characters, such as Noble Six from \"\", are also introduced in the series.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The term \"Halo\" refers to the Halo rings: large, habitable superweapons that were created by the Forerunners to destroy the parasitic Flood.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ They are similar to the Orbitals in Iain M. Banks' \"Culture\" novels, and to a lesser degree to author Larry Niven's \"Ringworld\" concept.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The games in the series are praised as being among the best first-person shooters on a video game console, and are considered the Xbox's \"killer app\".", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ This led to the term \"\"Halo\" killer\" being used to describe console games that aspire, or are considered, to be better than \"Halo\".", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ \"The Winds of Winter\" is the tenth and final episode of the sixth season of HBO's fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\", and the sixtieth overall.", "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Miguel Sapochnik.", "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ Cersei Lannister plots to destroy all her immediate enemies with one swift stroke; Arya Stark gets revenge; Jon Snow is declared King in the North by the lords of the Northern houses; Bran Stark learns that Jon is actually the son of Lyanna Stark; Samwell Tarly arrives at the Citadel; and Daenerys Targaryen begins heading to Westeros alongside Tyrion Lannister, her entire army, the Ironborn loyal to Yara Greyjoy, the Tyrells, the Sand Snakes, and her three dragons.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Stone is a 2010 U.S. crime thriller film directed by John Curran and starring Robert De Niro, Edward Norton and Milla Jovovich.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Most of the filming was done in Washtenaw County, Michigan.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ This was the final film to be released by Overture Films.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Young mother Madylyn Mabry puts her daughter to bed while her husband Jack watches golf on television.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ A bee buzzes around the window as she stays with her girl.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ After the child is asleep, she goes downstairs and announces she's leaving, saying \"You keep my soul in a dungeon.\"", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ He takes a moment to disconnect from the game, then runs upstairs to the bedroom and holds their daughter out the window, threatening to drop her if Madylyn leaves.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Ferris Bueller's Day Off is a 1986 American teen comedy film written, co-produced, and directed by John Hughes, and co-produced by Tom Jacobson.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ The film stars Matthew Broderick as Ferris Bueller, a high-school slacker who spends a day off from school, with Mia Sara and Alan Ruck.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Ferris regularly \"breaks the fourth wall\" to explain techniques and inner thoughts.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Hughes wrote the screenplay in less than a week.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Filming began in September 1985 and finished in November 1985.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Featuring many landmarks, including the Sears Tower and the Art Institute of Chicago, the film was Hughes' love letter to Chicago: \"I really wanted to capture as much of Chicago as I could.", "Starfire (board wargame) __knowledge__ Starfire is a board wargame (a \"4X\", eXplore, eXpand, eXploit and eXterminate) simulating space warfare and empire building in the 23rd century, created by Stephen V. Cole in 1979.", "Starfire (board wargame) __knowledge__ The \"Starfire\" game is currently published by the Starfire Design Studio (SDS), but was formerly published by Task Force Games.", "Starfire (board wargame) __knowledge__ There are six editions of the \"Starfire\" Game.", "Starfire (board wargame) __knowledge__ The first edition consisted of three products: \"Starfire\" (1979), \"Starfire II\" (1980), and \"Starfire III: Empires\" (1981); the first by Stephen V. Cole; the second by Barry A Jacobs, and the last one by the notable military science fiction writer David Weber.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ Star Wars (later retitled Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ It is the first film in the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy and the beginning of the \"Star Wars\" franchise.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ Starring Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew, the film's plot focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia (Fisher), and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empire's space station, the Death Star.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ This conflict disrupts the isolated life of farmhand Luke Skywalker (Hamill), who inadvertently acquires two droids that possess stolen architectural plans for the Death Star.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Halo 3 is a 2007 first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie for the Xbox 360 console.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The third installment in the \"Halo\" franchise, the game concludes the story arc begun in 2001's \"\" and continued in 2004's \"Halo 2\".", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game was released on September 25, 2007, in Australia, Brazil, India, New Zealand, North America, and Singapore; September 26, 2007, in Europe; and September 27, 2007, in Japan.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ \"Halo 3\"s story centers on the interstellar war between twenty-sixth century humanity and a collection of alien races known as the Covenant.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of the Master Chief, a cybernetically enhanced supersoldier, as he battles the Covenant.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ Recurring characters of \"Halo\" are organized below by their respective factions in the fictional universe.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ The multimedia franchise's central story revolves around an interstellar war between future humanity under the auspices of the United Nations Space Command or UNSC, and an alien theocratic alliance known as the Covenant.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ The artifacts left behind by an ancient race known as the Forerunner play a central role, particularly the massive weapons, dubbed Halos, built to contain the parasitic Flood.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ Beginning with developer Bungie's 2001 video game \"\", the franchise expanded to include numerous sequel video games, novels, comics, and other works.", "Star Wars __knowledge__ Star Wars is an American epic space opera media franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas.", "Star Wars __knowledge__ It depicts the adventures of various characters \"a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away\".", "Star Wars __knowledge__ The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film \"Star Wars\" (later subtitled \"Episode IV: A New Hope\" in 1981), which became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon.", "Star Wars __knowledge__ It was followed by the successful sequels \"The Empire Strikes Back\" (1980) and \"Return of the Jedi\" (1983); these three films constitute the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy.", "Star Wars __knowledge__ A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, which received mixed reactions from both critics and fans.", "LucasArts __knowledge__ LucasArts Entertainment Company, LLC is an American video game publisher and licensor.", "LucasArts __knowledge__ Until 2013, it was also a video game developer.", "LucasArts __knowledge__ LucasArts is best known for its graphic adventure games, as well as games based on the \"Star Wars\" and \"Indiana Jones\" franchises.", "LucasArts __knowledge__ Its headquarters are located in San Francisco, California.", "LucasArts __knowledge__ It was founded in May 1982 by George Lucas as Lucasfilm Games, the video game development group of his film company, Lucasfilm.", "LucasArts __knowledge__ Lucas initially served as the company's chairman.", "LucasArts __knowledge__ During a 1990 reorganization of Lucas companies, the Lucasfilm Games division was renamed LucasArts." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ Halo is a military science fiction first-person shooter video game franchise created by Bungie and now managed and developed by 343 Industries, a subsidiary of Microsoft Studios.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The series centers on an interstellar war between humanity and a theocratic alliance of aliens known as the Covenant.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The Covenant, led by their religious leaders called the Prophets, worship an ancient civilization known as the Forerunners, who perished in combat with the parasitic Flood.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The central focus of the franchise builds off the experiences of Master Chief John-117, one of a group of supersoldiers codenamed Spartans, and his artificial intelligence (AI) companion, Cortana.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ Other characters, such as Noble Six from \"\", are also introduced in the series.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The term \"Halo\" refers to the Halo rings: large, habitable superweapons that were created by the Forerunners to destroy the parasitic Flood.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ They are similar to the Orbitals in Iain M. Banks' \"Culture\" novels, and to a lesser degree to author Larry Niven's \"Ringworld\" concept.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The games in the series are praised as being among the best first-person shooters on a video game console, and are considered the Xbox's \"killer app\".", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ This led to the term \"\"Halo\" killer\" being used to describe console games that aspire, or are considered, to be better than \"Halo\".", "Halo: Combat Evolved __knowledge__ Halo: Combat Evolved is a 2001 military science fiction first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Microsoft Game Studios.", "Halo: Combat Evolved __knowledge__ The first game of the \"Halo\" franchise, it was released as a launch title for the Xbox gaming system on November 15, 2001, and is considered the platform's \"killer app\".", "Halo: Combat Evolved __knowledge__ More than five million copies were sold worldwide by November 2005.", "Halo: Combat Evolved __knowledge__ Microsoft released versions of the game for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X in 2003, and the surrounding storyline was adapted and elaborated into a series of novels, comic books, and live-action web series.", "Halo: Combat Evolved __knowledge__ The game was later released as a downloadable Xbox Original for the Xbox 360.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ Recurring characters of \"Halo\" are organized below by their respective factions in the fictional universe.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ The multimedia franchise's central story revolves around an interstellar war between future humanity under the auspices of the United Nations Space Command or UNSC, and an alien theocratic alliance known as the Covenant.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ The artifacts left behind by an ancient race known as the Forerunner play a central role, particularly the massive weapons, dubbed Halos, built to contain the parasitic Flood.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ Beginning with developer Bungie's 2001 video game \"\", the franchise expanded to include numerous sequel video games, novels, comics, and other works.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ The following list describes each of the characters from the popular webseries \"Red vs. Blue\", originally created by Rooster Teeth Productions.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Colonel Sarge is the leader of the Red Team on Blood Gulch.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Matt Hullum, co-creator of the series, and first appeared at the end of .", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a Southern accent.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Sarge is somewhat bloodthirsty, and the only Blood Gulch soldier on either team to actually be serious about war.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ It is mentioned that he has a military background and briefly joined the ODSTs.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ His preferred weapon is a shotgun, which he carries at all times.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a passionate disgust for Grif, demonstrated by his repeated willingness to sacrifice Grif during combat missions as well as how all of his contingency plans are to kill Grif.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ Halo 4 is a first-person shooter video game developed by 343 Industries and published by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox 360 video game console.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ The seventh video game installment in the \"Halo\" franchise, the game was released worldwide in November 2012.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ \"Halo 4\"s story follows a cybernetically enhanced human supersoldier, Master Chief, and his artificial intelligence construct Cortana, as they encounter unknown threats while exploring an ancient civilization's planet.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of Master Chief, who battles remnants of the former military alliance of alien races known as the Covenant and mechanical warriors of the Forerunner empire known as the Prometheans.", "Halo 2 __knowledge__ Halo 2 is a 2004 first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie Studios.", "Halo 2 __knowledge__ Released for the Xbox video game console on November 9, 2004, the game is the second installment in the \"Halo\" franchise and the sequel to 2001's critically acclaimed \"\".", "Halo 2 __knowledge__ A Microsoft Windows version of the game was released on May 31, 2007, developed by an internal team at Microsoft Game Studios known as Hired Gun.", "Halo 2 __knowledge__ The game features a new game engine, as well as using the Havok physics engine; added weapons and vehicles, and new multiplayer maps.", "Halo 2 __knowledge__ The player alternately assumes the roles of the human Master Chief and the alien Arbiter in a 26th-century conflict between the human United Nations Space Command and genocidal Covenant.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ Halo 3 is a 2007 first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie for the Xbox 360 console.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The third installment in the \"Halo\" franchise, the game concludes the story arc begun in 2001's \"\" and continued in 2004's \"Halo 2\".", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The game was released on September 25, 2007, in Australia, Brazil, India, New Zealand, North America, and Singapore; September 26, 2007, in Europe; and September 27, 2007, in Japan.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ \"Halo 3\"s story centers on the interstellar war between twenty-sixth century humanity and a collection of alien races known as the Covenant.", "Halo 3 __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of the Master Chief, a cybernetically enhanced supersoldier, as he battles the Covenant.", "Rings of Jupiter __knowledge__ The planet Jupiter has a system of rings known as the rings of Jupiter or the Jovian ring system.", "Rings of Jupiter __knowledge__ It was the third ring system to be discovered in the Solar System, after those of Saturn and Uranus.", "Rings of Jupiter __knowledge__ It was first observed in 1979 by the \"Voyager 1\" space probe and thoroughly investigated in the 1990s by the \"Galileo\" orbiter.", "Rings of Jupiter __knowledge__ It has also been observed by the Hubble Space Telescope and from Earth for the past 23 years.", "Rings of Jupiter __knowledge__ Ground-based observations of the rings require the largest available telescopes.", "Rings of Jupiter __knowledge__ The Jovian ring system is faint and consists mainly of dust.", "Rings of Jupiter __knowledge__ It has four main components: a thick inner torus of particles known as the \"halo ring\"; a relatively bright, exceptionally thin \"main ring\"; and two wide, thick and faint outer \"gossamer rings\", named for the moons of whose material they are composed: Amalthea and Thebe.", "Halo Array __knowledge__ Halo rings are eponymous fictional megastructures and superweapons in the \"Halo\" science fiction franchise.", "Halo Array __knowledge__ They are referred to as \"Installations\" by their AI monitors, and are collectively referred to as \"the Array\" by the installations' creators, the Forerunners.", "Halo Array __knowledge__ The series' alien antagonists, the Covenant, refer to the structures as the \"Sacred Rings\", believing them to form part of a greater religious prophecy known as \"The Great Journey\".", "Halo Array __knowledge__ According to \"Halo\"s fiction, the Forerunners built the rings to contain and study the Flood, an infectious alien parasite.", "Halo Array __knowledge__ The rings act together as a weapon of last resort; when fired, the rings kill any sentient life capable of falling prey to the Flood, starving the parasite of its food.", "Halo Wars 2 __knowledge__ Halo Wars 2 is a real-time strategy (RTS) video game developed by 343 Industries and Creative Assembly.", "Halo Wars 2 __knowledge__ The game was published by Microsoft Studios and released in February 2017 on Windows-based personal computers (PCs) and the Xbox One video game console.", "Halo Wars 2 __knowledge__ The game is set in the science fiction universe of the \"Halo\" series in the year 2559, and is a sequel to the 2009 video game \"Halo Wars\".", "Halo Wars 2 __knowledge__ The game sees the return of the human crew aboard the UNSC warship \"Spirit of Fire\" and introduces a new alien faction known as the Banished.", "Halo Wars 2 __knowledge__ A war between the two factions ensues on the Ark, a Forerunner installation.", "Covenant (Halo) __knowledge__ The Covenant are a fictional theocratic military alliance of alien races who serve as the main antagonists in the first trilogy of the \"Halo\" video game series.", "Covenant (Halo) __knowledge__ They are composed of a variety of diverse species, united under the religious worship of the Forerunners and their belief that Forerunner ringworlds known as Halos will provide a path to salvation.", "Covenant (Halo) __knowledge__ After the Covenant leadership—the High Prophets—declare humanity an affront to their gods, claiming the extermination of [humanity] is the 'will of their gods and [the Covenant] are [the gods'] instrument', the more advanced extraterrestrials subsequently prosecute a lengthy genocidal campaign against the technologically inferior human species." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ Halo is a military science fiction first-person shooter video game franchise created by Bungie and now managed and developed by 343 Industries, a subsidiary of Microsoft Studios.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The series centers on an interstellar war between humanity and a theocratic alliance of aliens known as the Covenant.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The Covenant, led by their religious leaders called the Prophets, worship an ancient civilization known as the Forerunners, who perished in combat with the parasitic Flood.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The central focus of the franchise builds off the experiences of Master Chief John-117, one of a group of supersoldiers codenamed Spartans, and his artificial intelligence (AI) companion, Cortana.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ Other characters, such as Noble Six from \"\", are also introduced in the series.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The term \"Halo\" refers to the Halo rings: large, habitable superweapons that were created by the Forerunners to destroy the parasitic Flood.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ They are similar to the Orbitals in Iain M. Banks' \"Culture\" novels, and to a lesser degree to author Larry Niven's \"Ringworld\" concept.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The games in the series are praised as being among the best first-person shooters on a video game console, and are considered the Xbox's \"killer app\".", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ This led to the term \"\"Halo\" killer\" being used to describe console games that aspire, or are considered, to be better than \"Halo\".", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Xbox Live is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ It was first made available to the Xbox system in November 2002.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ An updated version of the service became available for the Xbox 360 console at the system's launch in November 2005, and a further enhanced version was released in 2013 with the Xbox One.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ The service was extended in 2007 on the Windows platform, named Games for Windows – Live, which makes most aspects of the system available on Windows computers.", "Xbox Live __knowledge__ Microsoft has announced plans to extend Live to other platforms such as handhelds and mobile phones as part of the Live Anywhere initiative.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ The Xbox is a home video game console and the first installment in the Xbox series of consoles manufactured by Microsoft.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was released on November 15, 2001 in North America, followed by Australia, Europe and Japan in 2002.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was Microsoft's first foray into the gaming console market.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It is the part of sixth generation console, and competed with Sony's PlayStation 2 and Nintendo's GameCube.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ It was also the first console produced by an American company since the Atari Jaguar ceased production in 1996.", "Xbox (console) __knowledge__ Announced in 2000, the Xbox, graphically powerful compared to its rivals, featured a standard PC's 733 MHz Intel Pentium III processor.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and Brazil in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Microsoft marketed the device as an \"all-in-one entertainment system\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 E3 expo.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime.", "Xbox 360 __knowledge__ Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) and game demos; purchase and stream music, television programs, and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 game console, developed by Microsoft, features a number of first-party and third-party accessories.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ Up to four controllers are able to connect to Xbox 360, including wired and wireless gamepads.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The wireless controllers run on either AA batteries (Alkaline or rechargeable) or on a rechargeable battery pack.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ The wired controllers may be connected to any of the USB ports on the console (the number of ports depends on model: old-style 360s have two at the front and one on the rear, while Xbox 360 S units have two at the front and three at the rear), or to a USB hub.", "List of Xbox 360 accessories __knowledge__ USB keyboards are also supported, but only for inputting text and navigating the dashboard; additionally, the number pad and hotkeys are non-functional.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ Windows 10 is a personal computer operating system developed and released by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ It was released on July 29, 2015.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ It is the first version of Windows that receives ongoing feature updates.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ Devices in enterprise environments can receive these updates at a slower pace, or use long-term support milestones that only receive critical updates, such as security patches, over their ten-year lifespan of extended support.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ Windows 10 introduces what Microsoft described as \"universal apps\"; expanding on Metro-style apps, these apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical codeincluding PCs, tablets, smartphones, embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and Mixed Reality.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ Recurring characters of \"Halo\" are organized below by their respective factions in the fictional universe.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ The multimedia franchise's central story revolves around an interstellar war between future humanity under the auspices of the United Nations Space Command or UNSC, and an alien theocratic alliance known as the Covenant.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ The artifacts left behind by an ancient race known as the Forerunner play a central role, particularly the massive weapons, dubbed Halos, built to contain the parasitic Flood.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ Beginning with developer Bungie's 2001 video game \"\", the franchise expanded to include numerous sequel video games, novels, comics, and other works.", "Factions of Halo __knowledge__ The \"Halo\" video game and media franchise takes place in a science fiction universe, where there are four major factions players encounter or control.", "Factions of Halo __knowledge__ \"Halo\"s story has 26th century humanity, led by the United Nations Space Command (UNSC), caught in a war with an alien coalition known as the Covenant.", "Factions of Halo __knowledge__ In the 2001 video game \"\", the UNSC ship \"Pillar of Autumn\" discovers a mysterious ringworld known as \"Halo\".", "Factions of Halo __knowledge__ The massive installation was built by an enigmatic race known as the Forerunners, who have long since disappeared; the Covenant worship the Forerunner as gods.", "Factions of Halo __knowledge__ During the course of the game, players discover that the Halos were built as a weapon of last resort against the Flood, an extragalactic parasite which is driven to consume all sentient life.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ Halo: Reach is a first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox 360 home video game console.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ The sixth installment in the \"Halo\" series, \"Reach\" was released worldwide in September 2010.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ The game takes place in the year 2552, where humanity is locked in a war with the alien Covenant.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ Players control Noble Six, a member of an elite supersoldier squad, when the human world known as Reach falls under Covenant attack.", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ After releasing \"Halo 3\" in 2007, Bungie split into teams to develop two different games—what would become \"\" and \"Reach\".", "Halo: Reach __knowledge__ The developers decided to create a prequel to the original \"Halo\" game trilogy, freeing themselves from the obligation of addressing old story threads.", "Halo: Ghosts of Onyx __knowledge__ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx is a military science fiction novel by Eric Nylund, based on the \"Halo\" series of video games.", "Halo: Ghosts of Onyx __knowledge__ The book was released in October 2006 and is the fourth \"Halo\" novel; Nylund's third contribution to the series.", "Halo: Ghosts of Onyx __knowledge__ \"Onyx\" was also the first of three \"Halo\" novels to be published by Tor Books, rather than the previous publisher, Del Rey.", "Halo: Ghosts of Onyx __knowledge__ \"Ghosts of Onyx\" details the creation of a group of supersoldiers known as the SPARTAN-IIIs to defend humanity against the alien collective known as the Covenant.", "Halo: Ghosts of Onyx __knowledge__ After the events of \"Halo 2\", the SPARTAN's training world of Onyx is beset by robotic attackers.", "2016–17 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team __knowledge__ The 2016–17 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team represented Michigan State University in the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.", "2016–17 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team __knowledge__ The Spartans, led by 22nd-year head coach Tom Izzo, played their home games at the Breslin Center in East Lansing, Michigan and were members of the Big Ten Conference.", "2016–17 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team __knowledge__ They finished the season 20–15, 10–8 in Big Ten play to finish in a tie for fifth place.", "2016–17 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team __knowledge__ In the Big Ten Tournament, they defeated Penn State in the second round before losing to Minnesota in the quarterfinals.", "2016–17 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team __knowledge__ They received a bid to the NCAA Tournament as a No.", "2016–17 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team __knowledge__ 9 seed in the Midwest region.", "2013 Michigan State Spartans football team __knowledge__ The 2013 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the Legends Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2013 Michigan State Spartans football team __knowledge__ Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by seventh year head coach Mark Dantonio.", "2013 Michigan State Spartans football team __knowledge__ The Spartans finished the year 13–1, 8–0 and undefeated in Big Ten play.", "2013 Michigan State Spartans football team __knowledge__ By winning the Legends Division, they earned a trip to the Big Ten Championship Game, their second appearance in the championship game.", "2013 Michigan State Spartans football team __knowledge__ Facing No.", "2013 Michigan State Spartans football team __knowledge__ 2-ranked Ohio State, they defeated the Buckeyes 34–24, knocking Ohio State out of the running for the BCS National Championship Game." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 6, 4, 15 ]

[ "No I haven't. But I know it is a military science-fiction game.", "I also know that Halo centers on an interstellar war, so will the movie be something like Star Wars?", "And it seems that the term \"Halo\" refers to the Halo ring, that are large habitable superweapons, is that right?", "I will have to try it someday. I find it interesting that it focus on a group of supersoldiers called Spartans.", "Yes and even when the Xbox was the first console introduced by Microsoft." ]

[ "Halo (series)", "Halo (series)", "Halo (series)", "Halo (series)", "Halo (series)" ]

[ "Reading (process)\nI love reading! Si-Fi is my favorite, however I have been known to read a few Exotic Romance Novels. If its good enough to print its worth a read in my book. ", "Right now its Ready Player One! The book is way better than the movie! I hate when movies ruin books. ", "Its amazing! Like the book is a million times better than the movie. I've never been one for reading but I couldn't put it down! I want to read it again!", "I never want to re-read books, this is the first one ever that I've wanted to! What is your favorite book? ", "Well that is the greatest book of all!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ The romance novel or romantic novel discussed in this article is the mass-market literary genre.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ Novels of this type of genre fiction place their primary focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people, and must have an \"emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending.\"", "Romance novel __knowledge__ There are many subgenres of the romance novel including fantasy, historical romance, paranormal fiction, and science fiction.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ Walter Scott defined the literary fiction form of romance as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\".", "Romance novel __knowledge__ A thriving genre of works conventionally referred to as \"romance novels\" existed in ancient Greece.", "Eleanor Hibbert __knowledge__ Eleanor Hibbert (1 September 1906 – 18 January 1993) was an English author who combined imagination with facts to bring history alive through novels of fiction and romance.", "Eleanor Hibbert __knowledge__ She was a prolific writer who published several books a year in different literary genres, each genre under a different pen name: Jean Plaidy for fictionalized history of European royalty; Victoria Holt for gothic romances, and Philippa Carr for a multi-generational family saga.", "Eleanor Hibbert __knowledge__ A literary split personality, she also wrote light romances, crime novels, murder mysteries and thrillers under the various pseudonyms including Eleanor Burford, Elbur Ford, Kathleen Kellow, Anna Percival, and Ellalice Tate.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Historical romance (also historical novel) is a broad category of fiction in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Walter Scott helped popularize this genre in the early 19th-century, with works such as \"Rob Roy\" and \"Ivanhoe\".", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Literary fiction historical romances continue to be published, and a notable recent example is \"Wolf Hall\" (2009), a multi-award winning novel by English historical novelist Hilary Mantel.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ It is also a genre of mass-market fiction, which is related to the broader romantic love genre.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ The terms \"romance novel\" and \"historical romance\" are ambiguous, because the word \"romance\", and the associated word \"romantic\", have a number of different meanings.", "Harlequin Enterprises __knowledge__ Harlequin Enterprises Limited (known simply as \"Harlequin\") is a Toronto-based company that publishes series romance and women's fiction.", "Harlequin Enterprises __knowledge__ Harlequin was owned by the Torstar Corporation, the largest newspaper publisher in Canada, from 1981 to 2014.", "Harlequin Enterprises __knowledge__ It was then purchased by News Corp and is now a division of HarperCollins.", "Harlequin Enterprises __knowledge__ In May 1949, Harlequin was founded in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada as a paperback reprinting company.", "Harlequin Enterprises __knowledge__ The business was a partnership between Advocate Printers and Doug Weld of Bryant Press, Richard Bonnycastle, plus Jack Palmer, head of the Canadian distributor of the \"Saturday Evening Post \" and the \"Ladies' Home Journal\".", "The Flame and the Flower __knowledge__ The Flame and the Flower (published 1972) is the debut work of romance novelist Kathleen E. Woodiwiss.", "The Flame and the Flower __knowledge__ The first modern \"bodice ripper\" romance novel, the book revolutionized the historical romance genre.", "The Flame and the Flower __knowledge__ It was also the first full-length romance novel to be published first in paperback rather than hardback.", "The Flame and the Flower __knowledge__ As a child, Kathleen E. Woodiwiss relished creating her own stories, and by age six was telling herself stories at night to help fall asleep.", "The Flame and the Flower __knowledge__ After she married, Woodiwiss continued to think of plots.", "The Flame and the Flower __knowledge__ Several times she attempted to write a novel, but each time stopped in frustration at the slow pace of writing a novel longhand.", "Reading the Romance __knowledge__ Reading the Romance is a book by Janice Radway that analyzes the Romance novel genre using reader-response criticism, first published in 1984 and reprinted in 1991.", "Reading the Romance __knowledge__ The 1984 edition of the book is composed of an introduction, six chapters, and a conclusion, structured partly around Radway’s investigation of romance readers in Smithton (a pseudonym) and partly around Radway’s own criticism.", "Reading the Romance __knowledge__ Radway herself expresses preference for reader-response criticism throughout the course of the book, as opposed to the popular new criticism during the 1980s.", "Reading the Romance __knowledge__ The book continues to sell at much the same rate it did in its first year of publication, having been adopted as a critical text in the fields of anthropology, sociology, history, and library studies, as well as in literary criticism." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Ready Player One __knowledge__ Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel, and the debut novel of American author Ernest Cline.", "Ready Player One __knowledge__ The story, set in a dystopian 2044, follows protagonist Wade Watts on his search for an Easter egg in a virtual reality game, the discovery of which will lead him to inherit a fortune in a world wrecked by an energy crisis.", "Ready Player One __knowledge__ Cline sold the rights to publish the novel in June 2010, in a bidding war to the Crown Publishing Group (a division of Random House).", "Ready Player One __knowledge__ The book was published on August 16, 2011.", "Ready Player One __knowledge__ An audiobook was released the same day; it was narrated by Wil Wheaton, who was mentioned briefly in one of the chapters.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ Steven Allan Spielberg (born December 18, 1946) is an American director, producer, and screenwriter.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ He is considered one of the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood era, as well as being viewed as one of the most popular directors and producers in film history.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ In a career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have spanned many themes and genres.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films, such as \"Jaws\" (1975), \"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\" (1977), \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" (1981), and \"E.T.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ the Extra-Terrestrial\" (1982), were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood escapist filmmaking.", "Ernest Cline __knowledge__ Ernest Christy Cline (born March 29, 1972) is an American novelist, slam poet, and screenwriter.", "Ernest Cline __knowledge__ He is most well known for his novels \"Ready Player One\" and \"Armada\"; he also co-wrote the screenplay for upcoming film adaptation of \"Ready Player One\", directed by Steven Spielberg.", "Ernest Cline __knowledge__ Cline was born in Ashland, Ohio, the son of Faye Imogene (Williams) and Ernest Christy Cline.", "Ernest Cline __knowledge__ His younger brother, Eric, is a Major in United States Marine Corps, specializing as an EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) Technician.", "Ernest Cline __knowledge__ In 2016, he married poet/nonfiction writer Cristin O'Keefe Aptowicz, whom he met at the 1998 National Poetry Slam.", "Ready Player One (film) __knowledge__ Ready Player One is an upcoming American science fiction action film produced and directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Zak Penn and Ernest Cline, based on Cline's 2011 novel of the same name.", "Ready Player One (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, T. J. Miller, Simon Pegg, and Mark Rylance.", "Ready Player One (film) __knowledge__ Set in a near-future dystopian Earth, the population spends most of its time in an interconnected virtual space called the OASIS.", "Ready Player One (film) __knowledge__ When the founder of OASIS dies and bequeaths ownership of OASIS to the first person to find a hidden treasure within OASIS by playing games and solving puzzles, a race ensues between a young man and his friends, and a large corporate entity that wants to control OASIS for themselves.", "Science fiction film __knowledge__ Science fiction film (or sci-fi film) is a genre that uses speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, alien worlds, extrasensory perception and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar travel or other technologies.", "Science fiction film __knowledge__ Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition.", "Science fiction film __knowledge__ In many cases, tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held.", "The Post (film) __knowledge__ The Post is a 2017 American political thriller film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg and written by Liz Hannah and Josh Singer.", "The Post (film) __knowledge__ It stars Meryl Streep as Katharine Graham and Tom Hanks as Ben Bradlee, with Sarah Paulson, Bob Odenkirk, Tracy Letts, Bradley Whitford, Bruce Greenwood, Carrie Coon, and Matthew Rhys in supporting roles.", "The Post (film) __knowledge__ Set in the early 1970s, \"The Post\" depicts the true story of \"The Washington Post\" journalists and their attempts to publish the \"Pentagon Papers\", classified documents regarding the 30-year involvement of the United States government in the Vietnam War.", "The Post (film) __knowledge__ Principal photography began in New York City in May 2017.", "Wil Wheaton __knowledge__ Richard William Wheaton III (born July 29, 1972) is an American actor, blogger, voice actor, and writer.", "Wil Wheaton __knowledge__ He is known for his portrayals of Wesley Crusher on the television series \"\", Gordie Lachance in the film \"Stand by Me\", Joey Trotta in \"Toy Soldiers\" and Bennett Hoenicker in \"Flubber\".", "Wil Wheaton __knowledge__ Wheaton has also appeared in recurring roles as Aqualad in \"Teen Titans\", Cosmic Boy on the \"Legion of Super Heroes\" and Mike Morningstar/Darkstar in the \"Ben 10\" universe.", "Wil Wheaton __knowledge__ He has also regularly appeared as a fictionalized version of himself on the CBS sitcom \"The Big Bang Theory\" and in the roles of Colin Mason on \"Leverage\" and Dr. Isaac Parrish on \"Eureka\".", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Networked advocacy or net-centric advocacy refers to a specific type of advocacy.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ While networked advocacy has existed for centuries, it has become significantly more efficacious in recent years due in large part to the widespread availability of the internet, mobile telephones, and related communications technologies that enable users to overcome the transaction costs of collective action.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ The study of networked advocacy draws on interdisciplinary sources, including communication theory, political science, and sociology.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Theories of networked advocacy have been heavily influenced by social movement literature, and refer to the preexisting networks used to create and support collective actions and advocacy as well as the networks that such actions and advocacy create.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Arthur de Gobineau __knowledge__ Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau (14 July 1816 – 13 October 1882) was a French aristocrat who was best known by his contemporaries as a novelist, diplomat and travel writer but is today most remembered for developing the theory of the Aryan master race and helping to legitimise racism by scientific racist theory and \"racial demography\".", "Arthur de Gobineau __knowledge__ Gobineau was an elitist who, in the immediate aftermath of the Revolutions of 1848, wrote a 1400-page book, \"An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races\", in which he claimed that aristocrats were superior to commoners and that they possessed more Aryan genetic traits because of less interbreeding with inferior races (Alpines and Mediterraneans).", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ What's So Amazing About Grace?", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ is a 1997 book by Philip Yancey, an American journalist and editor-at-large for \"Christianity Today\".", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ The book examines grace in Christianity, contending that people crave grace and that it is central to the gospel, but that many local churches ignore grace and instead seek to exterminate immorality.", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ \"What's So Amazing About Grace?\"", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ includes Bible stories, anecdotes from Yancey's life, accounts of historical events and other stories.", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ These include a modern retelling of the Parable of the Prodigal Son, an account of Yancey's friendship with Mel White who came out as homosexual, a comparison of the teachings of early Christians Pelagius and Augustine of Hippo, and a summary of Karen Blixen's short story \"Babette's Feast\".", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ The \"Treatise\" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the \"extent and force of human understanding\".", "Meningococcal vaccine __knowledge__ Meningococcal vaccine refers to any of the vaccines used to prevent infection by \"Neisseria meningitidis\".", "Meningococcal vaccine __knowledge__ Different versions are effective against some or all of the following types of meningococcus: A, C, W-135, and Y.", "Meningococcal vaccine __knowledge__ The vaccines are between 85 and 100% effective for at least two years.", "Meningococcal vaccine __knowledge__ They result in a decrease in meningitis and sepsis among populations where they are widely used.", "Meningococcal vaccine __knowledge__ They are given either by injection into a muscle or just under the skin.", "Meningococcal vaccine __knowledge__ The World Health Organization recommends that countries with a moderate or high rate of disease or with frequent outbreaks should routinely vaccinate.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Characters of Shakespear's Plays is an 1817 book of criticism of Shakespeare's plays, written by early nineteenth century English essayist and literary critic William Hazlitt.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Composed in reaction to the neoclassical approach to Shakespeare's plays typified by Samuel Johnson, it was among the first English-language studies of Shakespeare's plays to follow the manner of German critic August Wilhelm Schlegel, and, with the work of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, paved the way for the increased appreciation of Shakespeare's genius that was characteristic of later nineteenth-century criticism.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ It was also the first book to cover all of Shakespeare's plays, intended as a guide for the general reader." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Captain America: Civil War __knowledge__ Captain America: Civil War is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Captain America: Civil War __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2011's \"\" and 2014's \"\", and the thirteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Captain America: Civil War __knowledge__ The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, with a screenplay by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely, and stars Chris Evans as Steve Rogers / Captain America, alongside an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Scarlett Johansson, Sebastian Stan, Anthony Mackie, Don Cheadle, Jeremy Renner, Chadwick Boseman, Paul Bettany, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Rudd, Emily VanCamp, Tom Holland, Frank Grillo, William Hurt, and Daniel Brühl.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Spider-Man: Homecoming __knowledge__ Spider-Man: Homecoming is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man, co-produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Studios, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing.", "Spider-Man: Homecoming __knowledge__ It is the second Spider-Man film reboot and the sixteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Spider-Man: Homecoming __knowledge__ The film is directed by Jon Watts, from a screenplay by the writing teams of Jonathan Goldstein and John Francis Daley, Watts and Christopher Ford, and Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers.", "Spider-Man: Homecoming __knowledge__ Tom Holland stars as Spider-Man, alongside Michael Keaton, Jon Favreau, Zendaya, Donald Glover, Tyne Daly, Marisa Tomei, and Robert Downey Jr.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The Amazing Spider-Man is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man, and sharing the title of the character's longest-running comic book.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth theatrical \"Spider-Man\" film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment, and a reboot of Sam Raimi's \"Spider-Man\" 2002-2007 trilogy preceding it.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Marc Webb.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It was written by James Vanderbilt, Alvin Sargent and Steve Kloves and it stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, Emma Stone as Gwen Stacy, Rhys Ifans as Dr. Curtis Connors, Denis Leary as NYPD Captain George Stacy, along with Martin Sheen and Sally Field as the uncle and aunt of Peter Parker, Ben Parker and May Parker.", "The Devil Wears Prada (film) __knowledge__ The Devil Wears Prada is a 2006 American comedy-drama film based on Lauren Weisberger's 2003 novel of the same name.", "The Devil Wears Prada (film) __knowledge__ This screen adaptation stars Meryl Streep as Miranda Priestly, a powerful fashion magazine editor, and Anne Hathaway as Andrea (Andy) Sachs, a college graduate who goes to New York City and lands a job as Priestly's co-assistant.", "The Devil Wears Prada (film) __knowledge__ Emily Blunt and Stanley Tucci co-star as co-assistant Emily Charlton and art director Nigel, respectively.", "The Devil Wears Prada (film) __knowledge__ Adrian Grenier, Simon Baker, and Tracie Thoms play key supporting roles.", "The Devil Wears Prada (film) __knowledge__ Wendy Finerman produced and David Frankel directed the film, which was distributed by 20th Century Fox.", "Virtual reality __knowledge__ Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated scenario that simulates a realistic experience.", "Virtual reality __knowledge__ The immersive environment can be similar to the real world in order to create a lifelike experience grounded in reality or sci-fi.", "Virtual reality __knowledge__ Augmented reality systems may also be considered a form of VR that layers virtual information over a live camera feed into a headset, or through a smartphone or tablet device.", "Virtual reality __knowledge__ Current VR technology most commonly uses virtual reality headsets or multi-projected environments, sometimes in combination with physical environments or props, to generate realistic images, sounds and other sensations that simulate a user's physical presence in a virtual or imaginary environment.", "Ready Player One __knowledge__ Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel, and the debut novel of American author Ernest Cline.", "Ready Player One __knowledge__ The story, set in a dystopian 2044, follows protagonist Wade Watts on his search for an Easter egg in a virtual reality game, the discovery of which will lead him to inherit a fortune in a world wrecked by an energy crisis.", "Ready Player One __knowledge__ Cline sold the rights to publish the novel in June 2010, in a bidding war to the Crown Publishing Group (a division of Random House).", "Ready Player One __knowledge__ The book was published on August 16, 2011.", "Ready Player One __knowledge__ An audiobook was released the same day; it was narrated by Wil Wheaton, who was mentioned briefly in one of the chapters.", "Easter egg (media) __knowledge__ An Easter egg is an intentional inside joke, hidden message or image, or secret feature of a work (often found in a computer program, video game, or DVD/Blu-ray Disc menu screen).", "Easter egg (media) __knowledge__ The name is used to evoke the idea of a traditional Easter egg hunt.", "Easter egg (media) __knowledge__ The term was coined to describe a hidden message in the Atari video game \"Adventure\" that encouraged the player to find further hidden messages in later games, leading them on a 'hunt'.", "Easter egg (media) __knowledge__ The use of the term \"Easter egg\" to describe secret features originates from the 1979 video game \"Adventure\" for the Atari 2600 game console, programmed by employee Warren Robinett.", "Adventure (Atari 2600) __knowledge__ Adventure is a video game for the Atari 2600 video game console, released in late –.", "Adventure (Atari 2600) __knowledge__ In the game, the player controls a square avatar whose quest is to explore an open-ended environment to find a magical chalice and return it to the golden castle.", "Adventure (Atari 2600) __knowledge__ The game world is populated by roaming enemies: three dragons that can eat the avatar and a bat that randomly steals and hides items around the game world.", "Adventure (Atari 2600) __knowledge__ \"Adventure\" introduced a number of innovative game elements to console games, including a playing area that spanned several different screens and enemies that continued to move even when not displayed on the screen.", "Easter egg __knowledge__ Easter eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are decorated eggs that are usually used as gifts on the occasion of Easter or springtime celebration.", "Easter egg __knowledge__ As such, Easter eggs are common during the season of Eastertide (Easter season).", "Easter egg __knowledge__ The oldest tradition is to use dyed and painted chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute chocolate eggs wrapped in colourful foil, or plastic eggs filled with confectionery such as chocolate.", "Easter egg __knowledge__ Although eggs, in general, were a traditional symbol of fertility and rebirth, in Christianity, for the celebration of Eastertide, Easter eggs symbolize the empty tomb of Jesus, from which Jesus resurrected.", "Virtual reality therapy __knowledge__ Virtual reality therapy (VRT), also known as virtual reality immersion therapy (VRIT), simulation for therapy (SFT), virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), and computerized CBT (CCBT), is the use of virtual reality technology for psychological or occupational therapy.", "Virtual reality therapy __knowledge__ Patients receiving virtual reality therapy navigate through digitally created environments and complete specially designed tasks often tailored to treat a specific ailment.", "Virtual reality therapy __knowledge__ Technology can range from a simple PC and keyboard setup, to a modern virtual reality headset.", "Virtual reality therapy __knowledge__ It is widely used as an alternative form of exposure therapy, in which patients interact with harmless virtual representations of traumatic stimuli in order to reduce fear responses.", "List of villains in VR Troopers __knowledge__ This is a list of villains in the television show \"VR Troopers\".", "List of villains in VR Troopers __knowledge__ Ziktor Industries is a company owned by the fictional Karl Ziktor, aka Grimlord.", "List of villains in VR Troopers __knowledge__ The company served as his base of operations from the other side of the reality barrier.", "List of villains in VR Troopers __knowledge__ It is operated as ruthlessly as the virtual world and is poorly regarded by many of Cross World City's citizens.", "List of villains in VR Troopers __knowledge__ However no one (the Troopers and Professor Hart included) is aware that Ziktor and Grimlord are the same person.", "List of villains in VR Troopers __knowledge__ Very little is seen of the building except for the exterior (taken from Metalder) and Ziktor's office.", "List of villains in VR Troopers __knowledge__ Throughout the show's run, the office scenes mostly serve as a bridge into Ziktor's transformation into Grimlord and most of his actions take place in Virtual Reality than here." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ What's So Amazing About Grace?", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ is a 1997 book by Philip Yancey, an American journalist and editor-at-large for \"Christianity Today\".", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ The book examines grace in Christianity, contending that people crave grace and that it is central to the gospel, but that many local churches ignore grace and instead seek to exterminate immorality.", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ \"What's So Amazing About Grace?\"", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ includes Bible stories, anecdotes from Yancey's life, accounts of historical events and other stories.", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ These include a modern retelling of the Parable of the Prodigal Son, an account of Yancey's friendship with Mel White who came out as homosexual, a comparison of the teachings of early Christians Pelagius and Augustine of Hippo, and a summary of Karen Blixen's short story \"Babette's Feast\".", "Secrets That I Never Want to Know __knowledge__ \"Secrets That I Never Want to Know\" is the eighth-season premiere episode of the American comedy-drama television series \"Desperate Housewives\", and the 158th overall episode of the series.", "Secrets That I Never Want to Know __knowledge__ It was originally broadcast in the United States on September 25, 2011, on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC).", "Secrets That I Never Want to Know __knowledge__ The episode focuses on the aftermath and cover-up of an accidental killing.", "Secrets That I Never Want to Know __knowledge__ The episode was written by executive producer Bob Daily and directed by David Grossman.", "Secrets That I Never Want to Know __knowledge__ In the episode, Bree (Marcia Cross) and Gabrielle (Eva Longoria) work together to conceal the death of Gabrielle's stepfather (Tony Plana) while Susan (Teri Hatcher) and Carlos (Ricardo Antonio Chavira) struggle with their guilt over the cover-up.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ Gone with the Wind is a novel by American writer Margaret Mitchell, first published in 1936.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ The story is set in Clayton County and Atlanta, both in Georgia, during the American Civil War and Reconstruction Era.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ It depicts the struggles of young Scarlett O'Hara, the spoiled daughter of a well-to-do plantation owner, who must use every means at her disposal to claw her way out of poverty following Sherman's destructive \"March to the Sea\".", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ This historical novel features a \"Bildungsroman\" or coming-of-age story, with the title taken from a poem written by Ernest Dowson.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ \"Gone with the Wind\" was popular with American readers from the outset and was the top American fiction bestseller in 1936 and 1937.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ This list comprises the items featured in the American fantasy-drama television series \"Once Upon a Time\" and its spin-off \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\".", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The Aging Dust is causes the victim to age.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The amount of aging depends on the amount of dust used.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Emma put some in the onion rings she gave Zelena, to accelerate her pregnancy.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ She wanted baby Robin out of the way so she could put the Darkness into Zelena and then kill her with Excalibur.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Mr. Gold owns some as well as he used it to temporarily age a fairy that he and the Evil Queen chased and captured into an old woman.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Regina was mentioned to have found a way to restore the fairy back to her rightful age.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The \"Deltora\" series features a wide line of characters, both important and minor.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The series also features many different monsters and creatures that appeared in all of the many different books.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ This article is a list of the many different characters and creatures that have appeared in the Deltora series.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Lief was raised as a blacksmith's son in the run-down city of Del after the invasion.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Hot-headed and impatient at the start of the series, all he wanted to do was go out and explore the city.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ On the night of his sixteenth birthday, he leaves on his father's quest to restore the Belt of Deltora, the only thing that can save their land and the heir from the tyranny of the Shadow Lord.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Religious debates over the \"Harry Potter\" series of books by J. K. Rowling are based on claims that the novels contain occult or Satanic subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ A number of Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians have argued against the series, as have some Shia and Sunni Muslims.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Supporters of the series have said that the magic in \"Harry Potter\" bears little resemblance to occultism, being more in the vein of fairy tales such as \"Cinderella\" and \"Snow White\", or to the works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, both of whom are known for writing fantasy novels with Christian subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Far from promoting a particular religion, some argue, the \"Harry Potter\" novels go out of their way to avoid discussing religion at all.", "Extensive-form game __knowledge__ An extensive-form game is a specification of a game in game theory, allowing (as the name suggests) for the explicit representation of a number of key aspects, like the sequencing of players' possible moves, their choices at every decision point, the (possibly imperfect) information each player has about the other player's moves when they make a decision, and their payoffs for all possible game outcomes.", "Extensive-form game __knowledge__ Extensive-form games also allow for the representation of incomplete information in the form of chance events modeled as \"moves by nature\".", "Extensive-form game __knowledge__ Some authors, particularly in introductory textbooks, initially define the extensive-form game as being just a game tree with payoffs (no imperfect or incomplete information), and add the other elements in subsequent chapters as refinements.", "Amped 3 __knowledge__ Amped 3 is a snowboarding game, the third installment of the \"\" sports game franchise, developed by Indie Built/2K Sports and released exclusively for the Xbox 360 in 2005.", "Amped 3 __knowledge__ It expands on previous versions of the Xbox exclusive games.", "Amped 3 __knowledge__ It has also been noted for taking a more irreverent tone than previous installments, such as the inclusion of challenges in which two players compete to amass the most injuries, and for its unique cut-scenes using different visual media, from hand puppets to anime.", "Amped 3 __knowledge__ Amped 3 features several ski resorts with a variety of challenges in addition to the main story.", "Amped 3 __knowledge__ Completing these challenges earns the player respect points and money.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "CTIA and GTIA __knowledge__ Color Television Interface Adaptor (CTIA) and its successor Graphic Television Interface Adaptor (GTIA) are custom chips used in the Atari 8-bit family of computers and in the Atari 5200 console.", "CTIA and GTIA __knowledge__ In these systems, a CTIA or GTIA chip works together with ANTIC to produce video display.", "CTIA and GTIA __knowledge__ ANTIC generates the playfield graphics (text and bitmap) while CTIA/GTIA provides the color for the playfield and adds overlay objects known as player/missile graphics (sprites).", "CTIA and GTIA __knowledge__ Under the direction of Jay Miner, the CTIA/GTIA chips were designed by George McLeod with technical assistance of Steve Smith.", "CTIA and GTIA __knowledge__ \"Color Television Interface Adaptor\" and \"Graphic Television Interface Adaptor\" are names of the chips as stated in the Atari field service manual.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ Steven Allan Spielberg (born December 18, 1946) is an American director, producer, and screenwriter.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ He is considered one of the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood era, as well as being viewed as one of the most popular directors and producers in film history.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ In a career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have spanned many themes and genres.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films, such as \"Jaws\" (1975), \"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\" (1977), \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" (1981), and \"E.T.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ the Extra-Terrestrial\" (1982), were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood escapist filmmaking.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Japanese anime series \"Bakugan Battle Brawlers\".", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ Daniel \"Dan\" Kuso (known in the Japanese version as is the main human protagonist in the series, who, is 12 years old in the first season, 15 in New Vestroia, 16 in Gundalian Invaders, and 17 in Mechtanium Surge.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ In the beginning he is ranked #121, and by episode 39, he is ranked #1, and has become ranked #4 or under in episode 6 of Mechtanium Surge.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ In \"New Vestroia\", Dan returns to New Vestroia to help Drago save the world from the invading Vestals.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ Despite having just been introduced to the new Brawling system, Dan manages to get the hang of it before he battles his way into the Resistance by tying with Ace." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Tulsidas __knowledge__ Tulsidas (Hindi: तुलसीदास; , also known as Goswami Tulsidas (गोस्वामी तुलसीदास); 1511–1623) was a realized soul and saint, poet, often called reformer and philosopher from Ramanandi Sampradaya, in the lineage of Jagadguru Ramanandacharya renowned for his devotion to the Lord Shri Rama.", "Tulsidas __knowledge__ Tulsidas wrote several popular works in Sanskrit and Awadhi; he is best known as the author of the epic \"Ramcharitmanas\", a retelling of the Sanskrit \"Ramayana\" based on Rama's life in the vernacular Awadhi dialect of Hindi.", "Tulsidas __knowledge__ The Bhavishya Purana also predicts the incarnation of Shri Valmiki as Goswami Tulsidas in the Kaliyuga, in its verse and also explained in detail by H.G Shriman Chandra Govind Das of the Iskcon Temple.", "Alistair MacLeod __knowledge__ Alistair MacLeod, (July 20, 1936 – April 20, 2014) was a Canadian novelist, short story writer and academic.", "Alistair MacLeod __knowledge__ His powerful and moving stories vividly evoke the beauty of Cape Breton Island's rugged landscape and the resilient character of many of its inhabitants, the descendants of Scottish immigrants, who are haunted by ancestral memories and who struggle to reconcile the past and the present.", "Alistair MacLeod __knowledge__ MacLeod has been praised for his verbal precision, his lyric intensity and his use of simple, direct language that seems rooted in an oral tradition.", "Alistair MacLeod __knowledge__ Although he is known as a master of the short story, MacLeod's 1999 novel \"No Great Mischief\" was voted Atlantic Canada's greatest book of all time.", "Watership Down __knowledge__ Watership Down is a fantasy adventure novel by English author Richard Adams, published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972.", "Watership Down __knowledge__ Set in southern England, the story features a small group of rabbits.", "Watership Down __knowledge__ Although they live in their natural environment, they are anthropomorphised, possessing their own culture, language, proverbs, poetry, and mythology.", "Watership Down __knowledge__ Evoking epic themes, the novel follows the rabbits as they escape the destruction of their warren and seek a place to establish a new home, encountering perils and temptations along the way.", "Watership Down __knowledge__ \"Watership Down\" was Richard Adams' first novel.", "Watership Down __knowledge__ Although it was rejected by several publishers before Collings accepted it, it won the annual Carnegie Medal, annual Guardian Prize, and other book awards.", "2000 Australian Drivers' Championship __knowledge__ The 2000 Australian Drivers' Championship was a CAMS sanctioned national motor racing title for drivers of cars conforming to Formula Holden regulations.", "2000 Australian Drivers' Championship __knowledge__ The title was contested over an 8 round, 16 race series with the winner awarded the 2000 CAMS Gold Star.", "2000 Australian Drivers' Championship __knowledge__ The championship, which was promoted as the 2000 Holden Australian Drivers' Championship, was the 44th Australian Drivers' Championship and the 12th to be contested with Formula Holden or Formula Brabham cars.", "2000 Australian Drivers' Championship __knowledge__ The championship was contested over an eight round series with two races per round.", "2000 Australian Drivers' Championship __knowledge__ Championship points were awarded on a 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the first ten finishers in each race.", "Irena Pantelic __knowledge__ Irena Arkesteijn-Pantelic (born 1981, Rotterdam) is a model from the Netherlands.", "Irena Pantelic __knowledge__ She was Miss Nederland in 2001.", "Irena Pantelic __knowledge__ She represented the Netherlands at the Miss World pageant in Sun City, South Africa.", "Irena Pantelic __knowledge__ Pantelic was born in Rotterdam, her parents are immigrants from former Yugoslavia.", "Irena Pantelic __knowledge__ She was raised in Capelle aan den IJssel and attended the Nationale Hogeschool voor Toerisme en Verkeer in Breda.", "Irena Pantelic __knowledge__ In 2001 she first became Miss Zuid-Holland and later went on to become Miss Netherlands.", "Irena Pantelic __knowledge__ In 2002 she became a candidate for the Dutch Parliament for the Lijst Pim Fortuyn.", "Irena Pantelic __knowledge__ Prior to the 2002 elections, turmoil erupted in the party, because Irena Pantelic and Antonia Viljac accused two other party members of sexual harassment in a letter to the party board.", "2001 Australian Drivers' Championship __knowledge__ The 2001 Australian Drivers' Championship was a CAMS sanctioned national motor racing title for drivers of cars conforming to Formula Holden regulations, with the winner awarded the 2001 CAMS Gold Star.", "2001 Australian Drivers' Championship __knowledge__ This, the 45th Australian Drivers' Championship, was promoted as the 2001 Holden Australian Drivers' Championship.", "2001 Australian Drivers' Championship __knowledge__ Rick Kelly dominated the series driving a Birrana Racing Reynard 94D Holden.", "2001 Australian Drivers' Championship __knowledge__ Kelly won twelve of the 16 races and finished 151 points ahead of runner up Christian Murchison (Reynard 97D Holden), the largest winning points margin in ADC history.", "2001 Australian Drivers' Championship __knowledge__ Third in the pointscore was Alan Gurr (Reynard 94D Holden).", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian is a 2007 novel for young adults written by Sherman Alexie and illustrated by Ellen Forney.", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ The book won several awards, and was the first young adult fiction work by Alexie, a stand-up comedian, screenwriter, film producer, and songwriter who has previously written adult novels, short stories, poems, and screenplays.", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ Alexie stated, \"I [wrote the book] because so many librarians, teachers, and teenagers kept asking me to write one.\"", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ \"The Absolutely True Diary\" is a first-person narrative from the perspective of Native American teenager Arnold Spirit Jr., also known as \"Junior\", a 14-year-old budding cartoonist.", "Dr. Seuss __knowledge__ Theodor Seuss \"Ted\" Geisel (; March 2, 1904 – September 24, 1991) was a German-American author, political cartoonist, poet, animator, book publisher, and artist, best known for authoring more than 60 children's books under the pen name Doctor Seuss (abbreviated Dr. Seuss) ().", "Dr. Seuss __knowledge__ His work includes several of the most popular children's books of all time, selling over 600 million copies and being translated into more than 20 languages by the time of his death.", "Dr. Seuss __knowledge__ Geisel adopted the name \"Dr. Seuss\" as an undergraduate at Dartmouth College and a graduate student at the University of Oxford.", "Dr. Seuss __knowledge__ He left Oxford in 1927 to begin his career as an illustrator and cartoonist for \"Vanity Fair\", \"Life\", and various other publications.", "The Cat in the Hat __knowledge__ The Cat in the Hat is a children's book written and illustrated by Theodor Geisel under the pen name Dr. Seuss and first published in 1957.", "The Cat in the Hat __knowledge__ The story centers on a tall anthropomorphic cat, who wears a red and white-striped hat and a red bow tie.", "The Cat in the Hat __knowledge__ The Cat shows up at the house of Sally and her unnamed brother one rainy day when their mother is away.", "The Cat in the Hat __knowledge__ Ignoring repeated objections from the children's fish, the Cat shows the children a few of his tricks in an attempt to entertain them.", "The Cat in the Hat __knowledge__ In the process he and his companions, Thing One and Thing Two, wreck the house.", "The Cat in the Hat __knowledge__ The children and the fish become more and more alarmed until the Cat produces a machine that he uses to clean everything up.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! __knowledge__ How the Grinch Stole Christmas!", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! __knowledge__ is a children's story by Theodor \"Dr. Seuss\" Geisel written in rhymed verse with illustrations by the author.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! __knowledge__ It follows the Grinch, a grouchy, solitary creature who attempts to put an end to Christmas by stealing Christmas-themed items from the homes of the nearby town Whoville on Christmas Eve.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! __knowledge__ Despite his efforts, Whoville's inhabitants still celebrate the holiday, so the Grinch returns everything that he stole and is the guest of honor at the Whos' Christmas dinner.", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! __knowledge__ The story was published as a book by Random House in 1957, and at approximately the same time in an issue of \"Redbook\".", "Picture book __knowledge__ A picture book combines visual and verbal narratives in a book format, most often aimed at young children.", "Picture book __knowledge__ The images in picture books use a range of media such as oil paints, acrylics, watercolor, and pencil, among others.", "Picture book __knowledge__ Two of the earliest books with something like the format picture books still retain now were Heinrich Hoffmann's \"Struwwelpeter\" from 1845 and Beatrix Potter's \"The Tale of Peter Rabbit\" from 1902.", "Picture book __knowledge__ Some of the best-known picture books are Robert McCloskey's \"Make Way for Ducklings\", Dr. Seuss' \"The Cat In The Hat\", and Maurice Sendak's \"Where the Wild Things Are\".", "Picture book __knowledge__ The Caldecott Medal (established 1938) and Kate Greenaway Medal (established 1955) are awarded annually for illustrations in children's literature.", "The Cat in the Hat (film) __knowledge__ Dr. Seuss' The Cat in the Hat is a 2003 American family comedy film directed by Bo Welch.", "The Cat in the Hat (film) __knowledge__ It is based on the 1957 Dr. Seuss book of the same name.", "The Cat in the Hat (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Mike Myers in the title role of the Cat in the Hat, and Dakota Fanning as Sally.", "The Cat in the Hat (film) __knowledge__ Sally's brother (who is unnamed in the book and the 1971 TV special), Conrad, is portrayed by Spencer Breslin.", "The Cat in the Hat (film) __knowledge__ The film is the second feature-length Dr. Seuss adaptation after the 2000 holiday film \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\".", "The Cat in the Hat (film) __knowledge__ The idea was originally conceived in 2001, with Tim Allen initially cast as the Cat, but he dropped his role due to work on \"The Santa Clause 2\", and the role was later given to Myers." ] ]

[ 2, 12, 5, 4, 2 ]

[ "Reading is a great pleasure, it's the greatest way to share information and ideas. What's your favorite book?", "I didn't even know there was a book! If it's better than than movie, I have to see it. Dated 2044, with the Easter egg and virtual reality. The movie had me on the edge of my seat, I bet the book is great.", "Reading and creativity goes hand in hand. I rarely read, when I do I stick with the same book lol. I will try Ready Player 1 though. Sounds intense", "The Bible. It's hard for me to follow in books, that one I understand. A book of continuous practice Well, mostly. I read a lot of Dr. Seuss with my kids though, if that counts! ", "Best ideas shared is in there. Dr Seuss isn't bad either. Those little books are addicting. I think I like them better than my kids." ]

[ "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)" ]

[ "Las Vegas", "i have never been there. can you tell me more about it?", "I am from the south east. Definitely NOT desert. Not sure i have seen the movie you are talking about. My favorite Nicholas Cage movie is National Treasure.", "Well, when the the movies he has been in span form Peggy Sue Got Married to Face/Off ... there are some whoppers. The Rock is a good one too though." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Las Vegas (, Spanish for \"The Meadows\"), officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas, is the 28th-most populated city in the United States, the most populated city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city, known primarily for its gambling, shopping, fine dining, entertainment, and nightlife.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The Las Vegas Valley as a whole serves as the leading financial, commercial, and cultural center for Nevada.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World, and is famous for its mega casino–hotels and associated activities.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry, claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any other city in the world.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Today, Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world's most visited tourist destinations.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The city's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City, and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature, films, television programs, and music videos." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Las Vegas (, Spanish for \"The Meadows\"), officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas, is the 28th-most populated city in the United States, the most populated city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city, known primarily for its gambling, shopping, fine dining, entertainment, and nightlife.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The Las Vegas Valley as a whole serves as the leading financial, commercial, and cultural center for Nevada.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World, and is famous for its mega casino–hotels and associated activities.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry, claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any other city in the world.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Today, Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world's most visited tourist destinations.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The city's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City, and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature, films, television programs, and music videos.", "William Tell __knowledge__ William Tell (in the four languages of Switzerland: ; ; ; ) is a folk hero of Switzerland.", "William Tell __knowledge__ His legend is recorded in a late 15th-century Swiss illustrated chronicle.", "William Tell __knowledge__ It is set in the time of the original foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the early 14th century.", "William Tell __knowledge__ According to the legend, Tell—an expert marksman with the crossbow—assassinated Gessler, a tyrannical reeve of Habsburg Austria positioned in Altdorf, Uri.", "William Tell __knowledge__ Along with Arnold von Winkelried, Tell is a central figure in Swiss patriotism as it was constructed during the Restoration of the Confederacy after the Napoleonic era.", "William Tell __knowledge__ Several accounts of the Tell legend exist.", "William Tell (play) __knowledge__ William Tell () is a drama written by Friedrich Schiller in 1804.", "William Tell (play) __knowledge__ The story focuses on the legendary Swiss marksman William Tell as part of the greater Swiss struggle for independence from the Habsburg Empire in the early 14th century.", "William Tell (play) __knowledge__ Gioachino Rossini's four-act opera \"Guillaume Tell\" was written to a French adaptation of Schiller's play.", "William Tell (play) __knowledge__ The play was written by Friedrich Schiller between 1803 and 1804, and published that year in a first edition of 7000 copies.", "William Tell (play) __knowledge__ Since its publication, Schiller’s \"William Tell\" has been translated into many languages.", "William Tell (play) __knowledge__ Friedrich Schiller (who had never been to Switzerland, but was well informed, being a historian) was inspired to write a play about the legendary Swiss marksman William Tell by his wife Lotte, who knew the country from her personal experience.", "Tell Brak __knowledge__ Tell Brak (Nagar, Nawar) was an ancient city in Syrial; its remains constitute a tell located in the Upper Khabur region, near the modern village of Tell Brak, 50 kilometers north-east of Al-Hasaka city, Al-Hasakah Governorate.", "Tell Brak __knowledge__ The city's original name is unknown.", "Tell Brak __knowledge__ During the second half of the third millennium BC, the city was known as Nagar and later on, Nawar.", "Tell Brak __knowledge__ Starting as a small settlement in the seventh millennium BC, Tell Brak evolved during the fourth millennium BC into one of the biggest cities in Upper Mesopotamia, and interacted with the cultures of southern Mesopotamia.", "Tell Brak __knowledge__ The city shrank in size at the beginning of the third millennium BC with the end of Uruk period, before expanding again around c. 2600 BC, when it became known as Nagar, and was the capital of a regional kingdom that controlled the Khabur river valley.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Keegan Baker (Zack Morris), a friend of Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), followed by Emerald Fox (Doña Croll), the mother of Denise Fox (Diane Parish) and Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson).", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ Madison Drake (Seraphina Beh), Alexandra D'Costa (Sydney Craven) and Travis Law-Hughes (Alex James-Phelps), three new teenage characters, were also introduced in January as well as their school teacher Mr Gethin Pryce (Cerith Flinn) and Hugo Browning (Simon Williams), the chairman of Weyland & Co.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The Las Vegas Valley is a major metropolitan area in the southern part of the U.S. state of Nevada.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The state's largest urban agglomeration, it is the heart of the Las Vegas–Paradise-Henderson, NV MSA.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The Valley is largely defined by the Las Vegas Valley landform, a basin area surrounded by mountains to the north, south, east and west of the metropolitan area.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The Valley is home to the three largest incorporated cities in Nevada: Las Vegas, Henderson and North Las Vegas.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ Five unincorporated towns governed by the Clark County government are part of the Las Vegas Township and constitute the largest community in the state of Nevada.", "List of condominiums in Las Vegas __knowledge__ Since the 1990s, various condominium projects have been proposed for the Las Vegas Valley.", "List of condominiums in Las Vegas __knowledge__ Park Towers and Turnberry Place, two high-rise condominium properties located near the Las Vegas Strip, were completed in 2001; they subsequently inspired a condominium boom that started in 2003, when various developers began announcing projects that were planned throughout the Las Vegas Valley.", "List of condominiums in Las Vegas __knowledge__ Many projects were ultimately cancelled because of a rise in construction costs, as well as a lack of skilled construction workers and contractors who were qualified to build high-rises; both reasons were attributed to the large number of projects being announced.", "Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Las Vegas metropolitan area is home to many sports, most of which take place in the unincorporated communities around Las Vegas rather than in the city itself.", "Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Las Vegas Valley has one major league professional team: the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL) who began play in 2017 as the region's first major pro team.", "Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL) will begin play in Las Vegas as the \"Las Vegas Raiders\" by 2020 and become the region's second major professional team.", "Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area __knowledge__ Las Vegas is also home to one minor league sports team: the Las Vegas 51s of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League (Minor League Baseball).", "Nevada __knowledge__ Nevada (; see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America.", "Nevada __knowledge__ Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 34th most populous, but the 9th least densely populated of the 50 United States.", "Nevada __knowledge__ Nearly three-quarters of Nevada's people live in Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas–Paradise metropolitan area where three of the state's four largest incorporated cities are located.", "Nevada __knowledge__ Nevada's capital is Carson City.", "Nevada __knowledge__ Nevada is officially known as the \"Silver State\" because of the importance of silver to its history and economy.", "Nevada __knowledge__ It is also known as the \"Battle Born State\", because it achieved statehood during the Civil War (the words \"Battle Born\" also appear on the state flag); as the \"Sagebrush State\", for the native plant of the same name; and as the \"Sage-hen State\".", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ This history of Las Vegas covers both the city of Las Vegas, Nevada, and the Las Vegas Valley.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ The name Las Vegas was given to the area in 1821 by Rafael Rivera, a member of the Antonio Armijo trading party that was traveling to Los Angeles, and stopped for water there on the Old Spanish Trail from New Mexico.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ At that time, several parts of the valley contained artesian wells surrounded by extensive green areas; \"Las Vegas\" means the meadows in Spanish.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ The flows from the wells fed the Las Vegas Wash, which runs to the Colorado River.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ The prehistoric landscape of the Las Vegas Valley and most of Southern Nevada was once a marsh with water and vegetation.", "Desert Inn __knowledge__ The Desert Inn, also known as the D.I., was a casino hotel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, which operated from April 24, 1950, to August 28, 2000.", "Desert Inn __knowledge__ Designed by architect Hugh Taylor and interior design by Jac Lessman, it was the fifth resort to open on the Strip.", "Desert Inn __knowledge__ It was situated between Desert Inn Road and Sands Avenue.", "Desert Inn __knowledge__ The Desert Inn opened with 300 rooms and the \"Sky Room\" restaurant, headed by a chef formerly of the Ritz Paris, which once had the highest vantage point on the Las Vegas Strip.", "Desert Inn __knowledge__ The casino, at , was one of the largest in Nevada at the time.", "Desert Inn __knowledge__ The 9-storey St. Andrews Tower was completed during the first renovation in 1963, and the 14-storey Augusta Tower became the Desert Inn's main tower when it was completed in 1978 along with the seven-story Wimbledon Tower." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Las Vegas (, Spanish for \"The Meadows\"), officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas, is the 28th-most populated city in the United States, the most populated city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city, known primarily for its gambling, shopping, fine dining, entertainment, and nightlife.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The Las Vegas Valley as a whole serves as the leading financial, commercial, and cultural center for Nevada.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World, and is famous for its mega casino–hotels and associated activities.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry, claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any other city in the world.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Today, Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world's most visited tourist destinations.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The city's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City, and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature, films, television programs, and music videos.", "National Treasure: Book of Secrets __knowledge__ National Treasure: Book of Secrets (released on home video as National Treasure 2: Book of Secrets) is a 2007 mystery adventure film directed by Jon Turteltaub and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer.", "National Treasure: Book of Secrets __knowledge__ It is a sequel to the 2004 film \"National Treasure\" and is the second part of the \"National Treasure\" franchise.", "National Treasure: Book of Secrets __knowledge__ The film stars Nicolas Cage, Diane Kruger, Justin Bartha, Jon Voight, Harvey Keitel, Ed Harris, Bruce Greenwood, and Helen Mirren.", "National Treasure: Book of Secrets __knowledge__ It was stated in the first film's commentary that there were no plans for a sequel, but due to the first film's impressive box-office performance (earning $347.5 million worldwide), a sequel was given the go-ahead in 2005.", "National Treasure (film) __knowledge__ National Treasure is a 2004 American adventure heist film produced and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "National Treasure (film) __knowledge__ It was written by Jim Kouf and the Wibberleys, produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and directed by Jon Turteltaub.", "National Treasure (film) __knowledge__ It is the first film in the \"National Treasure\" franchise and stars Nicolas Cage, Harvey Keitel, Jon Voight, Diane Kruger, Sean Bean, Justin Bartha and Christopher Plummer.", "National Treasure (film) __knowledge__ Cage plays Benjamin Franklin Gates, a historian and amateur cryptologist searching for a lost treasure of precious metals, jewelry, artwork and other artifacts that was accumulated into a single massive stockpile by looters and warriors over many millennia starting in Ancient Egypt, later rediscovered by warriors who form themselves into the Knights Templar to protect the treasure, eventually hidden by American Freemasons during the American Revolutionary War.", "National Treasure (Japan) __knowledge__ A National Treasure (国宝: \"kokuhō\") is the most precious of Japan's Tangible Cultural Properties, as determined and designated by the Agency for Cultural Affairs (a subsidiary of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).", "National Treasure (Japan) __knowledge__ A Tangible Cultural Property is considered to be of historic or artistic value, classified either as \"buildings and structures\" or as \"fine arts and crafts.\"", "National Treasure (Japan) __knowledge__ Each National Treasure must show outstanding workmanship, a high value for world cultural history, or exceptional value for scholarship.", "National Treasure (Japan) __knowledge__ Approximately 20% of the National Treasures are structures such as castles, Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines, or residences.", "National Treasure (film series) __knowledge__ National Treasure is a series of political theatrical adventure mystery films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and starring Nicolas Cage as Benjamin Gates, a treasure hunter who, with the help of his father, Patrick Henry Gates (Jon Voight), his girlfriend, Abigail Chase (Diane Kruger) and his loyal sidekick, Riley Poole (Justin Bartha), uncovers hidden troves and secrets from America's past.", "National Treasure (film series) __knowledge__ The films were distributed by Walt Disney Pictures.", "National Treasure (film series) __knowledge__ There are also a series of novels detailing the ancestors of Ben Gates, all written by Catherine Hapka.", "National Treasure (film series) __knowledge__ The original \"National Treasure\" film centers on the Gates family legend of a fantastic treasure trove of artifacts and gold, hidden by the Founding Fathers of the United States, and the attempts by the scion of the family, Benjamin Franklin Gates, to find the treasure before his ex-friend, Ian Howe (Sean Bean), steals and destroys the Declaration of Independence.", "Nicolas Cage __knowledge__ Nicolas Kim Coppola (born January 7, 1964), known professionally as Nicolas Cage, is an American actor, director and producer.", "Nicolas Cage __knowledge__ During his early career, Cage starred in a variety of films such as \"Valley Girl\" (1983), \"Racing with the Moon\" (1984), \"Birdy\" (1984), \"Peggy Sue Got Married\" (1986), \"Raising Arizona\" (1987), \"Moonstruck\" (1987), \"Vampire's Kiss\" (1989), \"Wild at Heart\" (1990), \"Fire Birds\" (1990), \"Honeymoon in Vegas\" (1992), and \"Red Rock West\" (1993).", "Nicolas Cage __knowledge__ Cage received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild Award for his performance as an alcoholic Hollywood writer in \"Leaving Las Vegas\" (1995) before coming to the attention of wider audiences with mainstream films, such as \"The Rock\" (1996), \"Face/Off\" (1997), \"Con Air\" (1997) and \"City of Angels\" (1998).", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Ultimate Fighting Championship __knowledge__ The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is an American mixed martial arts organization based in Las Vegas, Nevada, that is owned and operated by parent company WME–IMG.", "Ultimate Fighting Championship __knowledge__ It is the largest MMA promotion in the world and features the top-ranked fighters of the sport.", "Ultimate Fighting Championship __knowledge__ Based in the United States, the UFC produces events worldwide that showcase eleven weight divisions and abide by the Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts.", "Ultimate Fighting Championship __knowledge__ As of 2017, the UFC has held over 400 events.", "Ultimate Fighting Championship __knowledge__ Dana White serves as the president of the UFC.", "Ultimate Fighting Championship __knowledge__ He has held that position since 2001; while under the leadership of Dana White the UFC has grown into a globally popular multibillion-dollar enterprise.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The Las Vegas Valley is a major metropolitan area in the southern part of the U.S. state of Nevada.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The state's largest urban agglomeration, it is the heart of the Las Vegas–Paradise-Henderson, NV MSA.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The Valley is largely defined by the Las Vegas Valley landform, a basin area surrounded by mountains to the north, south, east and west of the metropolitan area.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ The Valley is home to the three largest incorporated cities in Nevada: Las Vegas, Henderson and North Las Vegas.", "Las Vegas Valley __knowledge__ Five unincorporated towns governed by the Clark County government are part of the Las Vegas Township and constitute the largest community in the state of Nevada.", "Desert __knowledge__ A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.", "Desert __knowledge__ The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to the processes of denudation.", "Desert __knowledge__ About one third of the land surface of the world is arid or semi-arid.", "Desert __knowledge__ This includes much of the polar regions where little precipitation occurs and which are sometimes called polar deserts or \"cold deserts\".", "Desert __knowledge__ Deserts can be classified by the amount of precipitation that falls, by the temperature that prevails, by the causes of desertification or by their geographical location.", "Southwestern United States __knowledge__ The Southwestern United States (also known as the American Southwest) is the informal name for a region of the western United States.", "Southwestern United States __knowledge__ Definitions vary a great deal and have never been standardized--and many have been proposed.", "Southwestern United States __knowledge__ For example, it might include the stretch from east of Los Angeles to El Paso, and from the Mexican border to south of Denver.", "Southwestern United States __knowledge__ The population for that particular definition area is around 11 million people, with over half that in the state of Arizona.", "Southwestern United States __knowledge__ The largest metropolitan areas are Phoenix (with a population over 4 million people) and Las Vegas (about 2 million); other significant population centers in the Southwest are Albuquerque, El Paso, Denver, Salt Lake City, and Tucson.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ This history of Las Vegas covers both the city of Las Vegas, Nevada, and the Las Vegas Valley.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ The name Las Vegas was given to the area in 1821 by Rafael Rivera, a member of the Antonio Armijo trading party that was traveling to Los Angeles, and stopped for water there on the Old Spanish Trail from New Mexico.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ At that time, several parts of the valley contained artesian wells surrounded by extensive green areas; \"Las Vegas\" means the meadows in Spanish.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ The flows from the wells fed the Las Vegas Wash, which runs to the Colorado River.", "History of Las Vegas __knowledge__ The prehistoric landscape of the Las Vegas Valley and most of Southern Nevada was once a marsh with water and vegetation.", "List of condominiums in Las Vegas __knowledge__ Since the 1990s, various condominium projects have been proposed for the Las Vegas Valley.", "List of condominiums in Las Vegas __knowledge__ Park Towers and Turnberry Place, two high-rise condominium properties located near the Las Vegas Strip, were completed in 2001; they subsequently inspired a condominium boom that started in 2003, when various developers began announcing projects that were planned throughout the Las Vegas Valley.", "List of condominiums in Las Vegas __knowledge__ Many projects were ultimately cancelled because of a rise in construction costs, as well as a lack of skilled construction workers and contractors who were qualified to build high-rises; both reasons were attributed to the large number of projects being announced.", "Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Las Vegas metropolitan area is home to many sports, most of which take place in the unincorporated communities around Las Vegas rather than in the city itself.", "Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Las Vegas Valley has one major league professional team: the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL) who began play in 2017 as the region's first major pro team.", "Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area __knowledge__ The Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL) will begin play in Las Vegas as the \"Las Vegas Raiders\" by 2020 and become the region's second major professional team.", "Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area __knowledge__ Las Vegas is also home to one minor league sports team: the Las Vegas 51s of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League (Minor League Baseball)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Las Vegas (, Spanish for \"The Meadows\"), officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas, is the 28th-most populated city in the United States, the most populated city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city, known primarily for its gambling, shopping, fine dining, entertainment, and nightlife.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The Las Vegas Valley as a whole serves as the leading financial, commercial, and cultural center for Nevada.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World, and is famous for its mega casino–hotels and associated activities.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry, claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any other city in the world.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ Today, Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world's most visited tourist destinations.", "Las Vegas __knowledge__ The city's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City, and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature, films, television programs, and music videos.", "Peggy Sue Got Married (musical) __knowledge__ Peggy Sue Got Married is a musical adapted from the Francis Ford Coppola film of the same name.", "Peggy Sue Got Married (musical) __knowledge__ The musical shares the same storyline as the movie, following a 42-year-old woman as she travels back in time to relive certain high school experiences.", "Peggy Sue Got Married (musical) __knowledge__ This musical is much darker than most musicals, as the main character, Peggy Sue, must eventually make some life-altering decisions.", "Peggy Sue Got Married (musical) __knowledge__ The book was written by Arlene Sarner and Jerry Leichtling, with music composed by Bob Gaudio, and lyrics by Jerry Leichtling.", "Peggy Sue Got Married (musical) __knowledge__ The musical opened in the West End theatres of London in August 2001, with Ruthie Henshall starring as Peggy Sue; other actors included Tim Howar, Gavin Lee, and Andrew Kennedy.", "Peggy Sue Got Married (song) __knowledge__ \"Peggy Sue Got Married\" is a song written and performed by Buddy Holly.", "Peggy Sue Got Married (song) __knowledge__ It was posthumously released in 1959 as a 45-rpm single with \"Crying, Waiting, Hoping\".", "Peggy Sue Got Married (song) __knowledge__ It refers to his song hit \"Peggy Sue\".", "Peggy Sue Got Married (song) __knowledge__ It was one of the first sequels of the rock era.", "Peggy Sue Got Married (song) __knowledge__ Buddy Holly recorded the vocal, accompanying himself on guitar, on December 8, 1958, in apartment 4H of \"The Brevoort\", Fifth Avenue.", "Peggy Sue Got Married (song) __knowledge__ Studio musicians recorded backup vocals and instrumentals on June 30, 1959 at Coral Records' Studio A in New York City.", "Peggy Sue Got Married (song) __knowledge__ An alternate version of the song, with new instrumentals but without backup singers, was recorded in 1964.", "Peggy Sue Got Married __knowledge__ Peggy Sue Got Married is a 1986 American comedy-drama film directed by Francis Ford Coppola starring Kathleen Turner as a woman on the verge of a divorce, who finds herself transported back to the days of her senior year in high school in 1960.", "Peggy Sue Got Married __knowledge__ The film was written by husband and wife team Jerry Leichtling and Arlene Sarner.", "Peggy Sue Got Married __knowledge__ The film was a box office success and received positive reviews from critics.", "Peggy Sue Got Married __knowledge__ It was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Actress (Turner), Best Cinematography, and Best Costume Design.", "Peggy Sue Got Married __knowledge__ In addition, Turner was nominated for Best Foreign Actress at the Sant Jordi Awards.", "Buddy Holly __knowledge__ Charles Hardin Holley (September 7, 1936 – February 3, 1959), known as Buddy Holly, was an American musician and singer-songwriter who was a central figure of mid-1950s rock and roll.", "Buddy Holly __knowledge__ He was born in Lubbock, Texas, to a musical family during the Great Depression, and learned to play guitar and sing alongside his siblings.", "Buddy Holly __knowledge__ His style was influenced by gospel music, country music, and rhythm and blues acts, and he performed in Lubbock with his friends from high school.", "Buddy Holly __knowledge__ He made his first appearance on local television in 1952, and the following year he formed the group \"Buddy and Bob\" with his friend Bob Montgomery.", "Peggy Sue __knowledge__ \"Peggy Sue\" is a rock and roll song written by Buddy Holly, Jerry Allison, and Norman Petty, recorded and released as a single by Holly in early July of 1957.", "Peggy Sue __knowledge__ The Crickets are not mentioned on label of the single (Coral 9-61885), but band members Joe B. Mauldin (string bass) and Jerry Allison (drums) played on the recording.", "Peggy Sue __knowledge__ This recording was also released on Holly's eponymous 1958 album.", "Peggy Sue __knowledge__ The song was originally entitled \"Cindy Lou\", after Holly's niece, the daughter of his sister Pat Holley Kaiter.", "Peggy Sue __knowledge__ The title was later changed to \"Peggy Sue\" in reference to Peggy Sue Gerron, the girlfriend (and future wife) of Jerry Allison, the drummer for the Crickets, after the couple had temporarily broken up.", "Ruthie Henshall __knowledge__ Valentine Ruth Henshall (born 7 March 1967), known professionally as Ruthie Henshall, is an English actress, singer and dancer known for her work in musical theatre.", "Ruthie Henshall __knowledge__ She began her professional stage career in 1986, before making her West End debut in \"Cats\" in 1987.", "Ruthie Henshall __knowledge__ A five-time Olivier Award nominee, she won the 1995 Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her role as Amalia Balash in the London revival of \"She Loves Me\" (1994).", "Ruthie Henshall __knowledge__ Henshall's other Olivier nominated roles are Polly Baker in the original London production of \"Crazy For You\" (1993–94), Roxie Hart in the revival of \"Chicago\" (1997–98) and the title roles in the original productions of \"Peggy Sue Got Married\" (2001) and \"Marguerite\" (2008).", "David Box __knowledge__ Harold David Box (August 11, 1943 – October 23, 1964) was an American rock musician in the early 1960s.", "David Box __knowledge__ Box was influenced by fellow Texan Buddy Holly, and even took his place as singer of his group, the Crickets, for a short time after Holly's death.", "David Box __knowledge__ Box also collaborated with Roy Orbison, and found local success with his group, the Ravens.", "David Box __knowledge__ Box died on tour in a plane crash in 1964 at the age of 21, coincidentally in a similar manner to Holly.", "David Box __knowledge__ Harold David Box was born to Virginia and Harold Box on August 11, 1943 in Sulphur Springs, Texas.", "David Box __knowledge__ Box's family moved to Lubbock, Texas in 1946.", "David Box __knowledge__ Box was greatly influenced by his father, a self-taught Western Swing fiddle musician and started singing at the age of three, making public appearances at this time.", "Nicolas Cage __knowledge__ Nicolas Kim Coppola (born January 7, 1964), known professionally as Nicolas Cage, is an American actor, director and producer.", "Nicolas Cage __knowledge__ During his early career, Cage starred in a variety of films such as \"Valley Girl\" (1983), \"Racing with the Moon\" (1984), \"Birdy\" (1984), \"Peggy Sue Got Married\" (1986), \"Raising Arizona\" (1987), \"Moonstruck\" (1987), \"Vampire's Kiss\" (1989), \"Wild at Heart\" (1990), \"Fire Birds\" (1990), \"Honeymoon in Vegas\" (1992), and \"Red Rock West\" (1993).", "Nicolas Cage __knowledge__ Cage received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild Award for his performance as an alcoholic Hollywood writer in \"Leaving Las Vegas\" (1995) before coming to the attention of wider audiences with mainstream films, such as \"The Rock\" (1996), \"Face/Off\" (1997), \"Con Air\" (1997) and \"City of Angels\" (1998).", "Magical objects in Harry Potter __knowledge__ The following is a list of magical objects used in the \"Harry Potter\" series.", "Magical objects in Harry Potter __knowledge__ In \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\", Hermione Granger creates fake, enchanted Galleons that are used for communication between members of Dumbledore's Army.", "Magical objects in Harry Potter __knowledge__ Like real Galleons, the coins have numerals around the edge; on normal Galleons these serial numbers aren't used the same way the enchanted coins are used, the numbers represent the time and date of the next meeting, and automatically change to match whatever numbers Harry Potter sets on his coin.", "Magical objects in Harry Potter __knowledge__ Due to the coins being infused with a Protean Charm, once Harry Potter alters his, every coin changes to suit.", "Places in Harry Potter __knowledge__ J. K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" universe contains numerous settings for the events in her fantasy novels.", "Places in Harry Potter __knowledge__ These locations are categorised as a dwelling, school, shopping district, or government-affiliated locale.", "Places in Harry Potter __knowledge__ The Weasleys' home, known as the Burrow, is located outside the village of Ottery St Catchpole, also near the home of the Lovegoods, the Diggorys and the Fawcetts.", "Places in Harry Potter __knowledge__ The Burrow was used as the Order of the Phoenix's headquarters, due to the compromised Fidelius Charm placed on 12 Grimmauld Place, in \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\" until it lost its given protection.", "Places in Harry Potter __knowledge__ The Weasley house has seven floors.", "Gabry Ponte __knowledge__ Gabriele \"Gabry\" Ponte (born 20 April 1973) is an Italian DJ, remixer, record producer, and radio personality, best known for his membership in the Italian dance group Eiffel 65.", "Gabry Ponte __knowledge__ With Eiffel 65's rise to fame in the late '90s, his celebrity status was established, and he later went on to produce the Italian hits \"Geordie\" (a cover of Fabrizio de André's song by the same name) sung by Italian vocalist Stefania Piovesan, as well as hits \"Time to Rock\", \"Got to Get\" and \"La Danza delle Streghe\" (English: \"The Dance of the Witches\").", "Gabry Ponte __knowledge__ Also to his credit are a number of remixes of popular songs such as Gianni Togni's \"Giulia\".", "Darren Aronofsky __knowledge__ Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969) is an American filmmaker.", "Darren Aronofsky __knowledge__ He has received acclaim, and generated controversy, for his often surreal and disturbing films.", "Darren Aronofsky __knowledge__ Aronofsky attended Harvard University, where he studied film and social anthropology, and the American Film Institute where he studied directing.", "Darren Aronofsky __knowledge__ He won several film awards after completing his senior thesis film, \"Supermarket Sweep\", which went on to become a National Student Academy Award finalist.", "Darren Aronofsky __knowledge__ Aronofsky's feature debut, the surrealist psychological thriller \"Pi\", was shot in November 1997.", "Darren Aronofsky __knowledge__ The low-budget, $60,000 production, starring Sean Gullette, was sold to Artisan Entertainment for $1 million, and grossed over $3 million; Aronofsky won the Directing Award at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival and an Independent Spirit Award for best first screenplay.", "The Wrestler (2008 film) __knowledge__ The Wrestler is a 2008 American sports drama film co-produced and directed by Darren Aronofsky, written by Robert D. Siegel, and starring Mickey Rourke, Marisa Tomei, and Evan Rachel Wood.", "The Wrestler (2008 film) __knowledge__ Production began in January 2008 and Fox Searchlight Pictures acquired rights to distribute the film in the U.S.; it was released in a limited capacity on December 17, 2008, and was released nationwide on January 23, 2009.", "The Wrestler (2008 film) __knowledge__ It was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on April 21, 2009, in the United States.", "The Wrestler (2008 film) __knowledge__ It was released in the United Kingdom on June 1, 2009.", "The Wrestler (2008 film) __knowledge__ Rourke plays an aging professional wrestler who, despite his failing health and waning fame, continues to wrestle in an attempt to cling to the success of his 1980s heyday.", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the DreamWorks animated film media franchise \"Kung Fu Panda\", with their shorts and specials \"Secrets of the Furious Five\", \"Kung Fu Panda Holiday\", \"\", and \"\", as well as the video games and TV show \"\".", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ The world of \"Kung Fu Panda\" is a fantasized version of ancient China as typically depicted in the wuxia film genre populated by anthropomorphized Asian animals where the martial arts can have magical qualities on top of extraordinary physical prowess for those sufficiently skilled.", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ Master Po Ping (Chinese for \"Precious Peace\"), born Lotus Shan, is the titular protagonist of the \"Kung Fu Panda\" franchise." ] ]

[ 2, 0, 9, 46 ]

[ "Las Vegas. What a desert town. Nicholas Cage died there in a movie. He won an Oscar!", "I kinda only know about Nicholas Cage. Sorry. Las Vegas is hot, though. It's in a desert. Deserts have very little water I'm told.", "There was a sequil called book of treasures or secrets or some such. You must be a not very old person if that's your favorite Nic Cage movie?", "Nic Cage is an American Actor. People judge actors a lot of times by the quality of their movies, but acting is a job and it mostly just matters if you're working or not. A lot of times, too, you don't just get offered any good movies." ]

[ "Las Vegas", "Las Vegas", "Las Vegas", "Las Vegas" ]

[ "Childhood sweetheart\nI recently married my childhood sweetheart.", "I would say by an extension of friendship. Do most teenage relationships last?", "I see, so what percentage of high school sweethearts end in divorce?", "How do childhood sweethearts show affection for each other?", "Do childhood relationships that end ever get rekindled later in life?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Childhood sweetheart is a reciprocating phrase for a relationship (but not a partnership) between young persons.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This may come about by an extension of friendship, physical attraction or develop from natural affinity.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship is usually platonic and lasts a short to medium period of time.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This experience forms the basis of subsequent future relationships later in childhood and/or adulthood.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Usually, an individual will have no more than one childhood sweetheart as this term is indicative of a milestone in the growth, development and maturity of a young person.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ In ideal circumstances, the term applies mutually to both parties and corresponds both ways, hence the plural being childhood sweethearts.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship may involve romantic love or may be an extension of a close friendship.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Often, intimacy by way of kissing will occur in order to show affection.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This is in addition to hugging/cuddling, holding hands, etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The term first love may also apply in certain situations.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Occasionally in later years, these friendships are \"rekindled\" following separations or passing of their adult partners which lead to a later life marriage, union etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ These instances are notable as they are made popular by media coverage.", "Homecoming (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ \"Homecoming\" is a song by American hip-hop recording artist and record producer Kanye West.", "Homecoming (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ It was included as the twelfth song on the track-listing of his third studio album \"Graduation\" (2007).", "Homecoming (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The track was produced by West with Warryn Campbell and features a guest appearance from Chris Martin, lead vocalist of the English alternative rock band Coldplay.", "Homecoming (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ Chris Martin sings the song's chorus and plays a gospel-tinged piano motif.", "Homecoming (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ Kanye West wrote \"Homecoming\" as a tribute dedicated to his hometown of Chicago, Illinois.", "Homecoming (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ His conceptual lyricism expresses an extended metaphor in which he personifies Chicago as a childhood sweetheart in order to convey his relationship with the city.", "Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru __knowledge__ The manga series was adapted into a one-episode original video animation that was released in May 2005 and a live-action film starring Jun Matsumoto and Nana Eikura that premiered in Japan on January 20, 2007.", "Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru __knowledge__ A ten volume spin-off series focusing on Yori's upperclassmen Takuma Kakinouchi and his childhood sweetheart Mayu Taneda was serialized in \"Shōjo Comic\" from December 2005 through August 2008.", "Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru __knowledge__ It is called Boku no Hatsukoi o Kimi ni Sasagu (abbreviated to BokuKimi) and means \"I Give My First Love to You\".", "Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru __knowledge__ Yori and Iku Yuki are twin brother and sister, who have been extremely close since they were born.", "Joan Newton Cuneo __knowledge__ Joan Newton Cuneo (July 22, 1876, Holyoke, Massachusetts – March 24, 1934, Ontonagon, Michigan) was an American racing driver.", "Joan Newton Cuneo __knowledge__ She first became famous as a daring automobilist in 1905, after her marriage to Andrew Cuneo in 1898 and the birth of her two children, Antonio (A. Newton Cuneo (1899) and Maddalena (Dolly) Cuneo(1901.", "Joan Newton Cuneo __knowledge__ Between 1905 and 1912 she would enjoy national celebrity because of her success as a daring racer willing to compete against all comers, both male and female.", "Joan Newton Cuneo __knowledge__ She also became a strong advocate for women drivers and the Good Roads Movement.", "Joan Newton Cuneo __knowledge__ Unfortunately after women were banned from organized racing, she was no longer able to race and was reduced to setting women's speed records.", "Dear Zindagi __knowledge__ Dear Zindagi () is a 2016 Indian Hindi-language coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Gauri Shinde.", "Dear Zindagi __knowledge__ It was produced by Gauri Khan, Karan Johar, and Shinde under the banners of Red Chillies Entertainment, Dharma Productions, and Hope Productions respectively.", "Dear Zindagi __knowledge__ The film features Alia Bhatt in the lead role, with Shah Rukh Khan, Kunal Kapoor and Ali Zafar in supporting roles.", "Dear Zindagi __knowledge__ The plot centers on a budding cinematographer named Kaira, who is discontented with her life and meets Dr. Jehangir, a free-spirited psychologist who helps her to gain a new perspective on her life.", "Dear Zindagi __knowledge__ Development of the film began in 2015, when Shinde signed Bhatt and Shah Rukh Khan for a film to be made under her banner.", "Shaun Goater __knowledge__ Leonard Shaun Goater MBE (born 25 February 1970) is a Bermudian former footballer.", "Shaun Goater __knowledge__ He played as a striker for a number of English clubs in the 1990s and 2000s.", "Shaun Goater __knowledge__ He is currently manager of Ilkeston.", "Shaun Goater __knowledge__ Goater's first professional club was Manchester United, but he did not reach the first team, making his League debut in 1989 after moving to Rotherham United.", "Shaun Goater __knowledge__ He played for Rotherham for seven years before moving to Bristol City in 1996.", "Shaun Goater __knowledge__ Two years later he moved to Manchester City for a fee of £400,000.", "Shaun Goater __knowledge__ He is most well known for his time at Manchester City, where he scored over 100 goals between 1998 and 2003, finishing as the club's top scorer for four consecutive seasons.", "Stuart Boardley __knowledge__ Stuart Boardley (born 14 February 1985) is an English former professional footballer, who plays for Leiston, having previously played professionally for Torquay United.", "Stuart Boardley __knowledge__ He was born in Ipswich and is the younger brother of the four time Hot Rods (oval racing) World Champion Carl Boardley.", "Stuart Boardley __knowledge__ Boardley attended Northgate High School in Ipswich and left school with GCSE's and A Levels to pursue a career in football.", "Stuart Boardley __knowledge__ He recently married his childhood sweetheart Gemma Smith.", "Stuart Boardley __knowledge__ Boardley, a midfielder, began his career as a trainee with Ipswich Town.", "Stuart Boardley __knowledge__ His traineeship was extended due to injuries received in a car crash, but he was released in May 2004 without playing in the first team." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Childhood sweetheart is a reciprocating phrase for a relationship (but not a partnership) between young persons.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This may come about by an extension of friendship, physical attraction or develop from natural affinity.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship is usually platonic and lasts a short to medium period of time.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This experience forms the basis of subsequent future relationships later in childhood and/or adulthood.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Usually, an individual will have no more than one childhood sweetheart as this term is indicative of a milestone in the growth, development and maturity of a young person.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ In ideal circumstances, the term applies mutually to both parties and corresponds both ways, hence the plural being childhood sweethearts.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship may involve romantic love or may be an extension of a close friendship.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Often, intimacy by way of kissing will occur in order to show affection.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This is in addition to hugging/cuddling, holding hands, etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The term first love may also apply in certain situations.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Occasionally in later years, these friendships are \"rekindled\" following separations or passing of their adult partners which lead to a later life marriage, union etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ These instances are notable as they are made popular by media coverage.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, age of consent laws regarding sexual activity are made at the state level.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ There are several federal statutes related to protecting minors from sexual predators, but laws regarding specific age requirements for sexual consent are left to individual states, territories, and the District of Columbia.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ Depending on the jurisdiction, legal age of consent ranges from 16 to 18 years old.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ In some places, civil and criminal laws within the same state conflict with each other.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ While the general age of consent is now set between 16 and 18 in all U.S. states, the age of consent has widely varied across the country in the past.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "Personal relationships of Michael Jackson __knowledge__ The personal relationships of Michael Jackson have been the subject of public and media attention for several decades.", "Personal relationships of Michael Jackson __knowledge__ He was introduced to the topic of sexual activity at age nine while a member of The Jackson 5.", "Personal relationships of Michael Jackson __knowledge__ He and his brothers would perform at strip clubs, sharing the bill with female strippers and drag queens, and the sexual adventures of his brothers with groupies further affected Jackson's early life.", "Personal relationships of Michael Jackson __knowledge__ The entertainer said his \"first real date\" was with the child actress Tatum O'Neal, when he was a teenager in the 1970s; he called her \"my first love - after Diana [Ross].\"", "Personal relationships of Michael Jackson __knowledge__ The pair eventually \"cooled off\" and Jackson entered into a romance with model Brooke Shields in 1981.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ Philipp Friedrich Alexander, Prince of Eulenburg and Hertefeld, Count von Sandels (12 February 1847 – 17 September 1921) was a diplomat and composer of Imperial Germany who achieved considerable influence as the closest friend of Wilhelm II.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ He was the central member of the so-called Liebenberg Circle, a group of artistically minded German aristocrats within Wilhelm's entourage.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ Eulenburg played an important role in the rise of Bernhard von Bülow, but fell from power in 1907 due to the Harden–Eulenburg affair when he was accused of homosexuality.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ Eulenburg was born at Königsberg, Province of Prussia, the eldest son of Philipp Konrad, Count zu Eulenburg (Königsberg, 24 April 1820 – Berlin, 5 March 1889) and his wife, Baroness Alexandrine von Rothkirch und Panthen (Glogau, 20 June 1824 – Meran, 11 April 1902).", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Physical growth (particularly in males), and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.", "Burning Up (Madonna song) __knowledge__ \"Burning Up\" is a song by American singer Madonna from her 1983 eponymous debut album.", "Burning Up (Madonna song) __knowledge__ It was released as the album's second single in March 9, 1983, in some countries as a double-A side single with \"Physical Attraction\", another song from the album.", "Burning Up (Madonna song) __knowledge__ The song was presented as an early recorded demo by Madonna to Sire Records who green-lighted the recording of the single after the first single \"Everybody\" became a dance hit.", "Burning Up (Madonna song) __knowledge__ Madonna collaborated with Reggie Lucas, who produced the single while John Benitez provided the guitar riffs and backing vocals.", "Burning Up (Madonna song) __knowledge__ Musically, the song incorporates instrumentation from bass guitar, synthesizers and drums, and the lyrics talk of the singer's lack of shame in declaring her passion for her lover.", "Physical attractiveness __knowledge__ Physical attractiveness is the degree to which a person's physical features are considered aesthetically pleasing or beautiful.", "Physical attractiveness __knowledge__ The term often implies sexual attractiveness or desirability, but can also be distinct from either.", "Physical attractiveness __knowledge__ There are many factors which influence one person's attraction to another, with physical aspects being one of them.", "Physical attractiveness __knowledge__ Physical attraction itself includes universal perceptions common to all human cultures, as well as aspects that are culturally and socially dependent, along with individual subjective preferences.", "Physical attractiveness __knowledge__ In many cases, humans subconsciously attribute positive characteristics, such as intelligence and honesty, to physically attractive people.", "Madonna (Madonna album) __knowledge__ Madonna (retitled Madonna: The First Album for the 1985 re-release) is the debut album by American singer and songwriter Madonna, released on July 27, 1983 by Sire Records.", "Madonna (Madonna album) __knowledge__ After having established herself as a singer in downtown New York City, Madonna was signed by Sire president Seymour Stein, due to the success of her debut single, \"Everybody\" (1982).", "Madonna (Madonna album) __knowledge__ Unhappy with the work of producer Reggie Lucas, Madonna invited John \"Jellybean\" Benitez to complete the album, who remixed three tracks and produced \"Holiday\".", "Madonna (Madonna album) __knowledge__ \"Madonna\" has an upbeat synthetic disco sound, using new technology of the time, including the Linn drum machine, Moog bass and Oberheim OB-X synthesizer.", "Interpersonal attraction __knowledge__ Interpersonal attraction is the attraction between people which leads to a platonic or romantic relationships.", "Interpersonal attraction __knowledge__ Interpersonal attraction as a process is distinct from perceptions of physical attractiveness, which involves views of what is and is not considered beautiful or attractive.", "Interpersonal attraction __knowledge__ The study of interpersonal attraction is a major area of research in social psychology.", "Interpersonal attraction __knowledge__ Interpersonal attraction is related to how much one likes, dislikes, or hates someone.", "Interpersonal attraction __knowledge__ It can be viewed as a force acting between two people that tends to draw them together and resist their separation.", "Interpersonal attraction __knowledge__ When measuring interpersonal attraction, one must refer to the qualities of the attracted as well as the qualities of the attractor to achieve predictive accuracy.", "David and Jonathan __knowledge__ David (Hebrew: ; \"Dāwīḏ\" or \"David\") and Jonathan (Hebrew: ; \"Yəhōnāṯān\" or \"Yehonatan\") were heroic figures of the Kingdom of Israel, who formed a covenant of friendship recorded in the books of Samuel.", "David and Jonathan __knowledge__ Jonathan was the son of Saul, king of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, and David was the son of Jesse of Bethlehem, of the tribe of Judah, and Jonathan's presumed rival for the crown.", "David and Jonathan __knowledge__ David became king.", "David and Jonathan __knowledge__ The covenant the two men had formed eventually led to David, after Jonathan's death, graciously seating Jonathan's son Mephibosheth at his own royal table instead of eradicating the former king Saul's line.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ A cross-sex friendship is a platonic relationship between an unrelated man and woman.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ There are multiple types of cross-sex friendships, all defined by whether or not each party has a romantic attraction to each other, or perceives that the other is interested.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ A few theories have been developed to explain the existence of such friendships.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ Research has been done on why men and women initiate these relationships, how they are perceived by others, implications for children with cross-sex friendships, among others.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ Cross-sex friendships can also create problems for those involved if either or both have or ever had any romantic feelings for the other.", "Human sexuality __knowledge__ Human sexuality is the way people experience and express themselves sexually.", "Human sexuality __knowledge__ This involves biological, erotic, physical, emotional, social, or spiritual feelings and behaviors.", "Human sexuality __knowledge__ Because it is a broad term, which has varied over time, it lacks a precise definition.", "Human sexuality __knowledge__ The biological and physical aspects of sexuality largely concern the human reproductive functions, including the human sexual response cycle.", "Human sexuality __knowledge__ Someone's sexual orientation can influence that person's sexual interest and attraction for another person.", "Human sexuality __knowledge__ Physical and emotional aspects of sexuality include bonds between individuals that is expressed through profound feelings or physical manifestations of love, trust, and care." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Childhood sweetheart is a reciprocating phrase for a relationship (but not a partnership) between young persons.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This may come about by an extension of friendship, physical attraction or develop from natural affinity.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship is usually platonic and lasts a short to medium period of time.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This experience forms the basis of subsequent future relationships later in childhood and/or adulthood.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Usually, an individual will have no more than one childhood sweetheart as this term is indicative of a milestone in the growth, development and maturity of a young person.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ In ideal circumstances, the term applies mutually to both parties and corresponds both ways, hence the plural being childhood sweethearts.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship may involve romantic love or may be an extension of a close friendship.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Often, intimacy by way of kissing will occur in order to show affection.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This is in addition to hugging/cuddling, holding hands, etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The term first love may also apply in certain situations.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Occasionally in later years, these friendships are \"rekindled\" following separations or passing of their adult partners which lead to a later life marriage, union etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ These instances are notable as they are made popular by media coverage.", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ The International Sweethearts of Rhythm was the first integrated all women's band in the United States.", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ During the 1940s the band featured some of the best female musicians of the day.", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ They played swing and jazz on a national circuit that included the Apollo Theater in New York City, the Regal Theater in Chicago, and the Howard Theater in Washington, DC.", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ After a performance in Chicago in 1943, the \"Chicago Defender\" announced the band was, \"One of the hottest stage shows that ever raised the roof of the theater!\"", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ More recently, they have been labeled \"the most prominent and probably best female aggregation of the Big Band era.\"", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the television series \"Weeds\".", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ Nancy Botwin, née Price (Mary-Louise Parker, leading character)—also known as Lacey LaPlante (season two) and Nathalie Newman (season six)—was a PTA soccer mom until her husband, Judah, suddenly died of a heart attack.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ To maintain the upper middle-class lifestyle to which she was accustomed in the fictional town of Agrestic, Nancy entered the world of marijuana dealing.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ At the start, her regular clients include her accountant, her lawyer, and fellow suburban friends.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ However, as she expands and fights for survival, she is confronted with the violent realities of her business as she jockeys against competitors, gangs, and drug lords.", "List of Boy Meets World characters __knowledge__ Boy Meets World is an American television sitcom that chronicles the coming of age events and everyday life-lessons of Cory Matthews (Ben Savage).", "List of Boy Meets World characters __knowledge__ The show aired from 1993 to 2000 on ABC, part of the network's TGIF lineup for seven seasons.", "List of Boy Meets World characters __knowledge__ Several of the characters that originated on \"Boy Meets World\" later appeared in its sequel, \"Girl Meets World\".", "List of Boy Meets World characters __knowledge__ The only main characters not to make an appearance on \"Girl Meets World\" are Rachel McGuire and Eli Williams.", "List of Boy Meets World characters __knowledge__ For a listing of characters unique to that series, see the list of \"Girl Meets World\" characters.", "List of Boy Meets World characters __knowledge__ Cornelius A.", "List of Boy Meets World characters __knowledge__ \"Cory\" Matthews (Ben Savage) is the main character of the series.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the comedy-drama television series \"Gilmore Girls\".", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ Lorelai Victoria Gilmore, played by Lauren Graham, is the only daughter of Richard and Emily Gilmore.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She is the mother of Lorelai \"Rory\" Leigh Gilmore.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She became pregnant at the age of 16 but refused to marry Christopher Hayden, Rory's father, because she felt that a marriage at such a young age would not work out.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ Instead, she ran away to the town of Stars Hollow, which is half an hour away from Hartford.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ In Stars Hollow, she meets Mia, the owner of the Independence Inn.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She begs Mia to hire her though she has no experience of any kind.", "Hexes & Ohs __knowledge__ Hexes & Ohs is a Canadian electronic indie pop group from Montreal.", "Hexes & Ohs __knowledge__ Their sound combines 1980s inspired beats and synthesizer sounds with indie pop structures and melodies.", "Hexes & Ohs __knowledge__ They have released three albums since 2005 and have opened for many artists such as Tokyo Police Club, Sloan, and Mates of State.", "Hexes & Ohs __knowledge__ The two members of Hexes and Ohs consist of Edmund Lam and Heidi Donnelly, who were high-school sweethearts with a passion to experiment musically and have together created a unique sound.", "Hexes & Ohs __knowledge__ Heidi Donnelly and Edmund Lam have been making music for around a decade.", "Hexes & Ohs __knowledge__ Their first musical endeavour was a pop quartet called Jolly Bean.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Physical growth (particularly in males), and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why human beings change over the course of their life.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Developmental psychologists aim to explain how thinking, feeling and behaviour change throughout life.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ This field examines change across three major dimensions: physical development, cognitive development, and socioemotional development.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Within these three dimensions are a broad range of topics including motor skills, executive functions, moral understanding, language acquisition, social change, personality, emotional development, self-concept and identity formation.", "2017 Tour de France __knowledge__ The 2017 Tour de France was the 104th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours.", "2017 Tour de France __knowledge__ The -long race commenced with an individual time trial in Düsseldorf, Germany on 1 July, and concluded with the Champs-Élysées stage in Paris on 23 July.", "2017 Tour de France __knowledge__ A total of 198 riders from 22 teams entered the 21-stage race, which was won by Chris Froome of , his fourth overall victory.", "2017 Tour de France __knowledge__ Rigoberto Urán () and Romain Bardet () finished second and third, respectively.", "2017 Tour de France __knowledge__ Geraint Thomas () won the opening stage and became the Tour's first rider to wear the general classification leader's yellow jersey.", "2017 Tour de France __knowledge__ Froome, who performed the best in the opening stage out of the pre-race favourites, took the lead after the fifth stage's summit finish.", "Genie (feral child) __knowledge__ Genie (born 1957) is the pseudonym for an American feral child who was a victim of severe abuse, neglect, and social isolation.", "Genie (feral child) __knowledge__ Her circumstances are prominently recorded in the annals of linguistics and abnormal child psychology.", "Genie (feral child) __knowledge__ When she was a baby her father concluded that she was severely mentally retarded, a view which intensified as she got older, causing him to dislike her and withhold care and attention.", "Genie (feral child) __knowledge__ At approximately the time she reached the age of 20 months he decided to keep her as socially isolated as possible as a result of this belief, so from that time until she reached the age of 13 years and 7 months he kept her locked alone in a room.", "Lev Vygotsky __knowledge__ Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (; – June 11, 1934) was a Soviet psychologist, the founder of an unfinished theory of human cultural and bio-social development commonly referred to as cultural-historical psychology, a prominent advocate for a new theory of consciousness, the \"psychology of superman\", and leader of the Vygotsky Circle (also referred to as \"Vygotsky-Luria Circle\").", "Lev Vygotsky __knowledge__ Vygotsky's main work was in developmental psychology, and he proposed a theory of the development of \"higher psychological functions\" that saw human psychological development as emerging through interpersonal connections and actions with the social environment.", "Loevinger's stages of ego development __knowledge__ Jane Loevinger's stages of ego development 'conceptualize a theory of ego development that was based on Erikson's psychosocial model', as well as on the works of Harry Stack Sullivan, and in which 'the ego was theorized to mature and evolve through stages across the lifespan as a result of a dynamic interaction between the inner self and the outer environment'.", "Loevinger's stages of ego development __knowledge__ Her theory is significant in contributing to the delineation of ego development, which goes beyond fragmentation of trait psychology and looks at personalities as meaningful wholes.", "Loevinger's stages of ego development __knowledge__ Loevinger conceived of an ego development system that would closely resemble moral development but be both broader in scope and utilize empirical methods of study.", "Montessori education __knowledge__ The Montessori Method of education, developed by Dr. Maria Montessori, is a child-centered educational approach based on scientific observations of children from birth to adulthood.", "Montessori education __knowledge__ Dr. Montessori's Method has been used for over 100 years in many parts of the world.", "Montessori education __knowledge__ It is a view of the child as one who is naturally eager for knowledge and capable of initiating learning in a supportive, thoughtfully prepared learning environment.", "Montessori education __knowledge__ It is an approach that values the human spirit and the development of the whole child—physical, social, emotional, cognitive.", "Montessori education __knowledge__ Although a range of practices exist under the name \"Montessori\", the Association Montessori Internationale (AMI) and the American Montessori Society (AMS) cite these elements as essential: Following her medical training, Dr. Maria Montessori began to develop her educational philosophy and methods in 1897, attending courses in pedagogy at the University of Rome and reading the educational theory of the previous two hundred years." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Childhood sweetheart is a reciprocating phrase for a relationship (but not a partnership) between young persons.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This may come about by an extension of friendship, physical attraction or develop from natural affinity.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship is usually platonic and lasts a short to medium period of time.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This experience forms the basis of subsequent future relationships later in childhood and/or adulthood.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Usually, an individual will have no more than one childhood sweetheart as this term is indicative of a milestone in the growth, development and maturity of a young person.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ In ideal circumstances, the term applies mutually to both parties and corresponds both ways, hence the plural being childhood sweethearts.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship may involve romantic love or may be an extension of a close friendship.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Often, intimacy by way of kissing will occur in order to show affection.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This is in addition to hugging/cuddling, holding hands, etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The term first love may also apply in certain situations.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Occasionally in later years, these friendships are \"rekindled\" following separations or passing of their adult partners which lead to a later life marriage, union etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ These instances are notable as they are made popular by media coverage.", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ The International Sweethearts of Rhythm was the first integrated all women's band in the United States.", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ During the 1940s the band featured some of the best female musicians of the day.", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ They played swing and jazz on a national circuit that included the Apollo Theater in New York City, the Regal Theater in Chicago, and the Howard Theater in Washington, DC.", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ After a performance in Chicago in 1943, the \"Chicago Defender\" announced the band was, \"One of the hottest stage shows that ever raised the roof of the theater!\"", "International Sweethearts of Rhythm __knowledge__ More recently, they have been labeled \"the most prominent and probably best female aggregation of the Big Band era.\"", "John Barton (Emmerdale) __knowledge__ John Barton is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"Emmerdale\", played by James Thornton.", "John Barton (Emmerdale) __knowledge__ The actor was asked to audition for the part and he called it the \"most frightening audition\" he had ever done.", "John Barton (Emmerdale) __knowledge__ Thornton won the role of John, who was introduced to \"Emmerdale\" along with his family as part of an overhaul of the show by the series producer Gavin Blyth.", "John Barton (Emmerdale) __knowledge__ The Barton family took over the running of Butler's Farm and they were described as being \"sexy, modern and contemporary\".", "John Barton (Emmerdale) __knowledge__ Thornton made his debut screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 17 July 2009.", "John Barton (Emmerdale) __knowledge__ The following year, he signed a one-year extension to his contract.", "Moira Barton __knowledge__ Moira Dingle (also Barton) is a fictional character from the British soap opera \"Emmerdale\", played by Natalie J. Robb.", "Moira Barton __knowledge__ The actress successfully auditioned for the role after a call came through her agent.", "Moira Barton __knowledge__ Robb's character and her family were created and introduced to \"Emmerdale\" as part of an overhaul of the show by the series producer Gavin Blyth.", "Moira Barton __knowledge__ The Barton family took over the running of Butler's Farm and they were described as being \"sexy, modern and contemporary\".", "Moira Barton __knowledge__ Robb first appeared as Moira during the episode broadcast on 17 July 2009.", "Moira Barton __knowledge__ Moira is portrayed as being strong, feisty, vivacious and independent.", "Affection Exchange Theory __knowledge__ Affection Exchange Theory (AET) was introduced in 2001 by Kory Floyd, who is currently a professor of communication at the University of Arizona.", "Affection Exchange Theory __knowledge__ The theory was first presented in two of Floyd’s research projects.", "Affection Exchange Theory __knowledge__ The first was in a paper presented to the Western States Communication Association in Coeur d’Alene, ID in February 2001.", "Affection Exchange Theory __knowledge__ The paper was titled \"Elements of an affection exchange theory: Socioevolutionary paradigm for understanding affectionate communication\".", "Affection Exchange Theory __knowledge__ The second was in an article titled “Human Affection Exchange I: Reproductive probability as a predictor of men’s affection with their sons,” published in \"The Journal of Men’s Studies\" in Fall 2001.", "Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film) __knowledge__ Shola Aur Shabnam () is a 1961 Bollywood romance film written and directed by Ramesh Saigal.", "Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film) __knowledge__ It stars Dharmendra, Tarla Mehta, Abhi Bhattacharya, Vijayalakshmi and M. Rajan in pivotal roles.", "Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film) __knowledge__ It was one of the very early films of Dharmendra.", "Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film) __knowledge__ The film is about a young man torn between love for his long lost childhood sweetheart, and devotion towards a friend who has helped set him up in his career.", "Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film) __knowledge__ The film features music by Khayyam.", "Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film) __knowledge__ The original soundtrack contains some of the most famous songs, like \"Jane Kya Dhoondti Rahti\" etc.", "Shola Aur Shabnam (1961 film) __knowledge__ Ravi or \"Bunnu\" (Akashdeep) as he's called at home and Sandhya (Chandrakala) are childhood sweethearts despite Ravi being poor, and Sandhya being rich.", "Public display of affection __knowledge__ Public displays of affection (PDA) are acts of physical intimacy in the view of others.", "Public display of affection __knowledge__ What is an acceptable display of affection varies with respect to culture and context.", "Public display of affection __knowledge__ Displays of affection in a public place, such as the street, are more likely to be objected to, than similar practices in a private place with only people from a similar cultural background present.", "Public display of affection __knowledge__ Some organizations have rules limiting or prohibiting public displays of affection.", "Public display of affection __knowledge__ Physical affection has been defined as \"any touch intended to arouse feelings of love in the giver and/or the recipient.\"", "Public display of affection __knowledge__ \"Get a room\" is a phrase that is usually said when one feels a sense of disapproval after seeing what they consider to be an excessive public display of affection.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Marriage in the Catholic Church __knowledge__ Marriage in the Catholic Church, also called matrimony, is the \"covenant by which a man and a woman establish between themselves a partnership of the whole of life and which is ordered by its nature to the good of the spouses and the procreation and education of offspring\", and which \"has been raised by Christ the Lord to the dignity of a sacrament between the baptised.\"", "Marriage in the Catholic Church __knowledge__ Catholic matrimonial law, based on Roman law regarding its focus on marriage as a free mutual agreement or contract, became the basis for the marriage law of all European countries, at least up to the Reformation.", "Marriage in the Catholic Church __knowledge__ The \"Catechism of the Catholic Church\" states: \"The intimate community of life and love which constitutes the married state has been established by the Creator and endowed by him with its own proper laws.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ This article summarizes the same-sex marriage laws of states and similar jurisdictions in the United States.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Via the case \"Obergefell v. Hodges\" on June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court of the United States legalized same-sex marriage in a decision that applies nationwide, with the possible exception of American Samoa and some tribal jurisdictions.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Same-sex marriages are currently licensed and recognized in all U.S. states, territories, and the District of Columbia, excepting the aforementioned American Samoa and some Native American tribal jurisdictions.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Texts: ALABAMA CONSTITUTION - Amendment 774.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Arranged marriage __knowledge__ Arranged marriage is a type of marital union where the bride and groom are selected by their families.", "Arranged marriage __knowledge__ Sometimes, a professional matchmaker may be used.", "Arranged marriage __knowledge__ Arranged marriages were very common throughout the world until the 18th century.", "Arranged marriage __knowledge__ Typically, marriages were arranged by parents, grandparents or other relatives.", "Arranged marriage __knowledge__ Some historical exceptions are known, such as courtship and betrothal rituals during the Renaissance period of Italy and Gandharva marriages in the Vedic period of India.", "Arranged marriage __knowledge__ In China, arranged marriages (baoban hunyin, 包办婚姻) - sometimes called blind marriages (manghun, 盲婚) - were the norm before the mid-20th century.", "Interracial marriage __knowledge__ Interracial marriage is a form of exogamy that involves a marriage between spouses who belong to different socially-defined races or racialized ethnicities.", "Interracial marriage __knowledge__ In the past, it was outlawed in the United States of America and in South Africa.", "Interracial marriage __knowledge__ It was formally declared legal in the United States in 1967 when the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in the case \"Loving v. Virginia\" that race-based restrictions on the set of individuals whom an individual is eligible to marry violate the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution.", "Interracial marriage __knowledge__ In English, an \"interracial marriage\" refers to the institution of marriage, including childless marriages.", "South African family law __knowledge__ South African family law is concerned with those legal rules in South Africa which pertain to familial relationships.", "South African family law __knowledge__ It may be defined as \"that subdivision of material private law which researches, describes and regulates the origin, contents and dissolution of all legal relationships between: (i) husband and wife (including the parties to a civil union); (ii) parents, guardians (and other holders of parental rights and responsibilities) and children; and (iii) relatives related through blood and affinity.\"", "South African family law __knowledge__ There are various branches of family law, among them Marriage is the act by which a marriage relationship is formed, and which defines the relationship created by that act." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Childhood sweetheart is a reciprocating phrase for a relationship (but not a partnership) between young persons.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This may come about by an extension of friendship, physical attraction or develop from natural affinity.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship is usually platonic and lasts a short to medium period of time.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This experience forms the basis of subsequent future relationships later in childhood and/or adulthood.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Usually, an individual will have no more than one childhood sweetheart as this term is indicative of a milestone in the growth, development and maturity of a young person.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ In ideal circumstances, the term applies mutually to both parties and corresponds both ways, hence the plural being childhood sweethearts.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The relationship may involve romantic love or may be an extension of a close friendship.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Often, intimacy by way of kissing will occur in order to show affection.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ This is in addition to hugging/cuddling, holding hands, etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ The term first love may also apply in certain situations.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ Occasionally in later years, these friendships are \"rekindled\" following separations or passing of their adult partners which lead to a later life marriage, union etc.", "Childhood sweetheart __knowledge__ These instances are notable as they are made popular by media coverage.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is a conscious or subconscious avoidance of a situation or social interaction.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ With a high level of social inhibition, situations are avoided because of the possibility of others disapproving of their feelings or expressions.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is related to behavior, appearance, social interactions, or a subject matter for discussion.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Related processes that deal with social inhibition are social evaluation concerns, anxiety in social interaction, social avoidance, and withdrawal.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Also related are components such as cognitive brain patterns, anxious apprehension during social interactions, and internalizing problems.", "Bradbury Robinson __knowledge__ Bradbury Norton Robinson, Jr. (February 1, 1884 – March 7, 1949) was a pioneering American football player, physician, nutritionist, conservationist and local politician.", "Bradbury Robinson __knowledge__ He played college football at the University of Wisconsin in 1903 and at Saint Louis University from 1904 to 1907.", "Bradbury Robinson __knowledge__ In 1904, through personal connections to Wisconsin governor Robert M. La Follette, Sr. and his wife, Belle Case, Robinson learned of calls for reforms to the game of football from President Theodore Roosevelt, and began to develop tactics for passing.", "Bradbury Robinson __knowledge__ After moving to Saint Louis University, Robinson threw the first legal forward pass in the history of American football on September 5, 1906, at a game at Carroll College in Waukesha, Wisconsin.", "Attachment measures __knowledge__ Attachment measures refer to the various procedures used to assess attachment in children and adults.", "Attachment measures __knowledge__ Researchers have developed various ways of assessing patterns of attachment in children.", "Attachment measures __knowledge__ A variety of methods allow children to be classified into four attachment pattern groups: secure, anxious-ambivalent, anxious-avoidant, and disorganized/disoriented, or assess disorders of attachment.", "Attachment measures __knowledge__ These patterns are also referred to as Secure (Group B); Anxious/Resistant (Group C); Avoidant (Group A) and Disorganized/Controlling (Group D).", "Attachment measures __knowledge__ The disorganized/controlling attachment classification is thought to represent a breakdown in the attachment-caregiving partnership such that the child does not have an organized behavioral or representational strategy to achieve protection and care from the attachment figure.", "Attachment theory and psychology of religion __knowledge__ Attachment theory and psychology of religion research explores the ways that a belief in God can fulfill the criteria of an attachment figure and examines how individual differences in attachment lead to correspondence or compensation pathways.", "Attachment theory and psychology of religion __knowledge__ Attachment theory began with evolutionary psychologist John Bowlby in 1969.", "Attachment theory and psychology of religion __knowledge__ Attachment theory was initially grounded in the observation that human beings appear to be born with an innate psychobiological system (the \"attachment behavioral system\") that motivates them to seek proximity to significant others (\"attachment figures\").", "Attachment theory and psychology of religion __knowledge__ This revolutionary theory has found application in topics such as friendships, romantic relationships, coping with stress, loneliness and grief.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Peer victimization __knowledge__ Peer victimization is the experience among children of being a target of the aggressive behavior of other children, who are not siblings and not necessarily age-mates.", "Peer victimization __knowledge__ Mass interest in the issue of peer victimization arose during the 1990s due to media coverage of student suicides, peer beatings, and school shootings, notably the tragedy in Columbine, Colorado.", "Peer victimization __knowledge__ This led to an explosion of research attempting to assess bully-victim relationships and related players, what leads victims to experience negative outcomes and how widespread this problem was.", "Peer victimization __knowledge__ Studies of peer victimization have also been conducted in the context of research investigating childhood relationships in general and how they are associated with school adjustment and achievement.", "Stefan Molyneux __knowledge__ Stefan Basil Molyneux (; born September 24, 1966) is an Irish-born Canadian podcaster and YouTuber.", "Stefan Molyneux __knowledge__ Molyneux, a self-published author, usually speaks on topics including anarcho-capitalism, politics, race and intelligence, multiculturalism, right-libertarianism, anti-feminism, and familial relationships.", "Stefan Molyneux __knowledge__ A supporter of Donald Trump's presidential campaign, he has been described as alt-right by \"Politico\" and \"The Washington Post\", and right-wing by CNN.", "Stefan Molyneux __knowledge__ The \"Freedomain Radio\" internet community which he leads has sometimes been described as a cult.", "Stefan Molyneux __knowledge__ Molyneux formerly worked in the software industry.", "Platonic solid __knowledge__ In three-dimensional space, a Platonic solid is a regular, convex polyhedron.", "Platonic solid __knowledge__ It is constructed by congruent (identical in shape and size) regular (all angles equal and all sides equal) polygonal faces with the same number of faces meeting at each vertex.", "Platonic solid __knowledge__ Five solids meet those criteria: Geometers have studied the mathematical beauty and symmetry of the Platonic solids for thousands of years.", "Platonic solid __knowledge__ They are named for the ancient Greek philosopher Plato who hypothesized in his dialogue, the \"Timaeus\", that the classical elements were made of these regular solids.", "Platonic solid __knowledge__ The Platonic solids have been known since antiquity.", "T. K. Seung __knowledge__ T. K. Seung is a Korean American philosopher and literary critic.", "T. K. Seung __knowledge__ His academic interests cut across diverse philosophical and literary subjects, including ethics, political philosophy, philosophy of law, cultural hermeneutics, and ancient Chinese philosophy.", "T. K. Seung __knowledge__ He is the Jesse H. Jones Professor in Liberal Arts, at the University of Texas at Austin.", "T. K. Seung __knowledge__ Seung was born on September 20, 1930, the eldest of three children, near the city of Chongju in North Pyongan Province.", "T. K. Seung __knowledge__ He attended Chongju Middle School, where he was exposed to Western-style education.", "T. K. Seung __knowledge__ In 1947, he escaped from North Korea, crossing the 38th parallel with a few friends.", "Revised Penal Code of the Philippines __knowledge__ The Revised Penal Code contains the general penal laws of the Philippines.", "Revised Penal Code of the Philippines __knowledge__ First enacted in 1930, it remains in effect today, despite several amendments thereto.", "Revised Penal Code of the Philippines __knowledge__ It does not comprise a comprehensive compendium of all Philippine penal laws.", "Revised Penal Code of the Philippines __knowledge__ The Revised Penal Code itself was enacted as Act No.", "Revised Penal Code of the Philippines __knowledge__ 3815, and some Philippine criminal laws have been enacted outside of the Revised Penal Code as separate Republic Acts.", "Revised Penal Code of the Philippines __knowledge__ The Revised Penal Code supplanted the Spanish \"Código Penal\", which was in force in the Philippines (then a colony of the Spanish Empire up to 1898) from 1886 to 1930, after a failed attempt in to be implented in 1877.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Italian literature is written in the Italian language, particularly within Italy.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ It may also refer to literature written by Italians or in Italy in other languages spoken in Italy, often languages that are closely related to modern Italian.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ An early example of Italian literature is the tradition of vernacular lyric poetry performed in Occitan, which reached Italy by the end of the 12th century.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ In 1230, the Sicilian School is notable for being the first style in standard Italian.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Dante Alighieri, one of the greatest of Italian poets, is notable for his \"Divine Comedy\".", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Petrarch did classical research and wrote lyric poetry.", "Allegorical interpretations of Plato __knowledge__ Many Plato interpreters held that his writings contain passages with double meanings, called ‘allegories’ or ‘symbols,’ that give the dialogues layers of figurative meaning in addition to their usual literal meaning.", "Allegorical interpretations of Plato __knowledge__ These allegorical interpretations of Plato were dominant for more than fifteen hundred years, from about the first century CE through the Renaissance and into the Eighteenth Century, and were advocated by major figures such as Plotinus, Proclus, and Ficino.", "Allegorical interpretations of Plato __knowledge__ Beginning with Philo of Alexandria (1st c. CE), these views influenced Jewish, Christian and Islamic interpretation of their holy scriptures.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ A cross-sex friendship is a platonic relationship between an unrelated man and woman.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ There are multiple types of cross-sex friendships, all defined by whether or not each party has a romantic attraction to each other, or perceives that the other is interested.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ A few theories have been developed to explain the existence of such friendships.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ Research has been done on why men and women initiate these relationships, how they are perceived by others, implications for children with cross-sex friendships, among others.", "Cross-sex friendship __knowledge__ Cross-sex friendships can also create problems for those involved if either or both have or ever had any romantic feelings for the other." ] ]

[ 2, 38, 49, 3, 4 ]

[ "That is awesome, did this come out of about by an extension of friendship or physical attraction?", "Not really, because it is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development ", "That is difficult to ascertain due to the nature of such marriages and the dissolution the bonds of matrimony are more variable at that age.", "Usually in a more platonic way as they last only a short to medium period of time. ", "It does not happen very often as such relationships mainly serve as experience for subsequent future relationships. " ]

[ "Childhood sweetheart", "Childhood sweetheart", "Childhood sweetheart", "Childhood sweetheart", "Childhood sweetheart" ]

[ "Paddleboarding", "I've never been paddleboarding! It looks hard! Is it?", "I can't swim, so I'd be afraid to fall off the board! It may be fun to try with a life jacket though.", "I also live near an ocean, maybe I'll take up paddleboarding. What other equipment do I need?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding participants are propelled by a swimming motion using their arms while lying, kneeling, or standing on a paddleboard or surfboard in the ocean.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ This article refers to traditional prone or kneeling paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ A derivative of paddleboarding is stand up paddle surfing and stand up paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding is usually performed in the open ocean, with the participant paddling and surfing unbroken swells to cross between islands or journey from one coastal area to another.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Champion paddlers can stroke for hours and a race is only a warm-up for well-trained watermen.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Ships Artist, John Webber, accompanied Captain James Cook to The Sandwich Islands in 1778, and in the lower left foreground of his 1781 engraving is depicted a Paddleboarder/Surfer Rider.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Thomas Edward Blake is credited as the pioneer in paddleboard construction in the early 1930s.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ While restoring historic Hawaiian boards in 1926 for the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Blake built a replica of the previously ignored \"olo\" surfboard ridden by ancient Hawaiian \"alii\" (kings).", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ He lightened his redwood replica (\"olo\" were traditionally made from \"wiliwili\" wood) by drilling it full of holes, which he then covered, thus creating the first hollow board, which led to creation of the modern paddleboard." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding participants are propelled by a swimming motion using their arms while lying, kneeling, or standing on a paddleboard or surfboard in the ocean.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ This article refers to traditional prone or kneeling paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ A derivative of paddleboarding is stand up paddle surfing and stand up paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding is usually performed in the open ocean, with the participant paddling and surfing unbroken swells to cross between islands or journey from one coastal area to another.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Champion paddlers can stroke for hours and a race is only a warm-up for well-trained watermen.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Ships Artist, John Webber, accompanied Captain James Cook to The Sandwich Islands in 1778, and in the lower left foreground of his 1781 engraving is depicted a Paddleboarder/Surfer Rider.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Thomas Edward Blake is credited as the pioneer in paddleboard construction in the early 1930s.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ While restoring historic Hawaiian boards in 1926 for the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Blake built a replica of the previously ignored \"olo\" surfboard ridden by ancient Hawaiian \"alii\" (kings).", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ He lightened his redwood replica (\"olo\" were traditionally made from \"wiliwili\" wood) by drilling it full of holes, which he then covered, thus creating the first hollow board, which led to creation of the modern paddleboard.", "Maraden Panggabean __knowledge__ Maraden Saur Halomoan Panggabean (born in Tarutung, North Sumatera, Indonesia, June 29, 1922 - died in Jakarta, Indonesia, May 28, 2000 at the age of 77 years) or more commonly known as Maraden Panggabean was a prominent Indonesian General during the early years of General Suharto's New Order regime.", "Maraden Panggabean __knowledge__ Panggabean was born in Tarutung, North Sumatra, on 29 June 1922.", "Maraden Panggabean __knowledge__ He is from Batak ethnic group.", "Maraden Panggabean __knowledge__ After completing his education, Panggabean took on work as a teacher, an occupation held in high regard in the Batak community, and even became the Principal of a school in Tarutung.", "Maraden Panggabean __knowledge__ In 1942, with the arrival and subsequent occupation of Indonesia by the Japanese Imperial Army, Panggabean left the field of education.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Stand up paddle surfing and stand up paddle boarding (SUP) is an offshoot of surfing that originated in Hawaii.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Unlike traditional surfing where the rider sits until a wave comes, stand up paddle boarders stand on their boards and use a paddle to propel themselves through the water.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ The sport was documented in a 2013 report that identified it as the outdoor sporting activity with the most first-time participants in the United States that year.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Variations include flat water paddling for outdoor recreation, fitness, or sightseeing, racing on lakes, large rivers and canals, surfing on ocean waves, paddling in river rapids (whitewater SUP), Paddle board yoga and even fishing.", "Michael Sheen __knowledge__ Michael Christopher Sheen, OBE (born 5 February 1969) is a Welsh actor and political activist.", "Michael Sheen __knowledge__ After training at London's Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), he worked mainly in theatre throughout the 1990s and made notable stage appearances in \"Romeo and Juliet\" (1992), \"Don't Fool With Love\" (1993), \"Peer Gynt\" (1994), \"The Seagull\" (1995), \"The Homecoming\" (1997), and \"Henry V\" (1997).", "Michael Sheen __knowledge__ His performances in \"Amadeus\" at the Old Vic and \"Look Back in Anger\" at the National Theatre were nominated for Olivier Awards in 1998 and 1999, respectively.", "Michael Sheen __knowledge__ In 2003, he was nominated for a third Olivier Award for his performance in \"Caligula\" at the Donmar Warehouse.", "The Sun Won't Set (Desperate Housewives) __knowledge__ \"The Sun Won't Set\" is the 31st episode of the ABC television series, \"Desperate Housewives\".", "The Sun Won't Set (Desperate Housewives) __knowledge__ The episode was the eighth episode for the show's second season.", "The Sun Won't Set (Desperate Housewives) __knowledge__ The episode was written by Jenna Bans and was directed by Stephen Cragg.", "The Sun Won't Set (Desperate Housewives) __knowledge__ It originally aired on Sunday, November 20, 2005.", "The Sun Won't Set (Desperate Housewives) __knowledge__ After the sudden break-in at Gabrielle's home, the neighbors are panicked when they suspect a thief in the area.", "The Sun Won't Set (Desperate Housewives) __knowledge__ Betty becomes suspicious of what the neighbors are thinking and decides to host the annual Neighborhood Watch (which was created in episode 1.05, \"Come In, Stranger\").", "The Sun Won't Set (Desperate Housewives) __knowledge__ Each of the neighbors puts in their input about the current situation.", "Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice __knowledge__ Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice (SHARP) are anti-racist skinheads who oppose neo-fascists and other political racists, particularly if those racists identify themselves as skinheads.", "Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice __knowledge__ SHARPs draw inspiration from the biracial origins of the skinhead subculture, and resent what they see as the hijacking of the \"skinhead\" name by white power skinheads (sometimes deriding them as \"boneheads\").", "Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice __knowledge__ Beyond the opposition to racism, there is no official SHARP political ideology.", "Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice __knowledge__ The SHARP logo is based on the logo of Trojan Records, which originally mainly released black Jamaican ska, rocksteady, and reggae artists.", "Said the actress to the bishop __knowledge__ The phrase \"Said the actress to the bishop\" is a colloquial and vulgar British exclamation, offering humour by serving as a punch line that exposes an unintended double entendre.", "Said the actress to the bishop __knowledge__ An equivalent phrase in North America is \"that's what \"she\" said\".", "Said the actress to the bishop __knowledge__ Each phrase is an example of a Wellerism, exposing a second meaning of what precedes it.", "Said the actress to the bishop __knowledge__ The versatility of such phrases, and their popularity, lead some to consider them clichéd.", "Said the actress to the bishop __knowledge__ The term, or its variant \"as the actress said to the bishop\", may have been used as far back as Edwardian times, and is apparently British in origin.", "Said the actress to the bishop __knowledge__ The phrase is frequently used by the fictional character Simon Templar (alias \"The Saint\") in a long-running series of mystery books by Leslie Charteris.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Newport Beach is a seaside city in Orange County, California, United States.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Its population was 85,287 at the 2010 census.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Newport Beach is also home to Newport Harbor.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ The Upper Bay of Newport is a canyon, which was carved by a stream in the Pleistocene period.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ The lower bay of Newport was formed much later by sand that was brought along by ocean currents, which constructed the offshore beach that is now recognized as the Balboa Peninsula of Newport Beach.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Before settlers reached the coasts of California, the Newport area and surrounding areas were very prominent Indian lands.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Indian shells and relics can still be found today scattered throughout the area.", "Roray Kam __knowledge__ Roray Kam (born Dec 27, 1961) is a surfer, a multiple-time winner of longboard surfing competitions and an early participant in stand up paddle boarding in South Florida.", "Roray Kam __knowledge__ He is a surfing coach and the founder of RK Ocean Gear, and in 2013 resides in Fort Lauderdale, FL and works for the Broward County Sherriff’s Office.", "Roray Kam __knowledge__ Kam has hosted a number of Stand Up Paddleboard (SUP) events and races.", "Roray Kam __knowledge__ Kam was born in The Big Island of Hawaii.", "Roray Kam __knowledge__ As a child he joined his father Raymond Kam in surfing, outrigger paddling, diving and fishing.", "Roray Kam __knowledge__ Kam entered the surfing competition circuit at the young age of 12, and placed in many surfing competitions in Hawaii as a young teenager.", "Ocean __knowledge__ An ocean (, the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere.", "Ocean __knowledge__ On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean.", "Ocean __knowledge__ These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Oceans.", "Ocean __knowledge__ The word \"sea\" is often used interchangeably with \"ocean\" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.", "Ocean __knowledge__ Saline water covers approximately and is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering approximately 71% of Earth's surface and 90% of the Earth's biosphere.", "Arctic Ocean __knowledge__ The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans.", "Arctic Ocean __knowledge__ The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea, classifying it a mediterranean sea or an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean.", "Arctic Ocean __knowledge__ Alternatively, the Arctic Ocean can be seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing World Ocean.", "Arctic Ocean __knowledge__ Located mostly in the Arctic north polar region in the middle of the Northern Hemisphere, the Arctic Ocean is almost completely surrounded by Eurasia and North America.", "Arctic Ocean __knowledge__ It is partly covered by sea ice throughout the year and almost completely in winter.", "Rías Baixas __knowledge__ The Rías Baixas (Galician for \"Lower Rias\") are a series of four estuarine inlets located on the southwestern coast of Galicia, Spain.", "Rías Baixas __knowledge__ They are the Ría de Muros e Noia, the Ría de Arousa, the Ría de Pontevedra, and the Ría de Vigo.", "Rías Baixas __knowledge__ The northernmost Rías Baixas begin below Cape Finisterre while the southernmost rias border the Portuguese coast, taking up the southern part of the Province of Coruña and the entire Province of Pontevedra.", "Rías Baixas __knowledge__ Its capital is the city of Pontevedra.", "Rías Baixas __knowledge__ Due to unique conditions, the Rías Baixas are rich in marine life which helps the fishing and aquaculture industry of the area." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding participants are propelled by a swimming motion using their arms while lying, kneeling, or standing on a paddleboard or surfboard in the ocean.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ This article refers to traditional prone or kneeling paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ A derivative of paddleboarding is stand up paddle surfing and stand up paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding is usually performed in the open ocean, with the participant paddling and surfing unbroken swells to cross between islands or journey from one coastal area to another.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Champion paddlers can stroke for hours and a race is only a warm-up for well-trained watermen.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Ships Artist, John Webber, accompanied Captain James Cook to The Sandwich Islands in 1778, and in the lower left foreground of his 1781 engraving is depicted a Paddleboarder/Surfer Rider.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Thomas Edward Blake is credited as the pioneer in paddleboard construction in the early 1930s.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ While restoring historic Hawaiian boards in 1926 for the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Blake built a replica of the previously ignored \"olo\" surfboard ridden by ancient Hawaiian \"alii\" (kings).", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ He lightened his redwood replica (\"olo\" were traditionally made from \"wiliwili\" wood) by drilling it full of holes, which he then covered, thus creating the first hollow board, which led to creation of the modern paddleboard.", "Personal flotation device __knowledge__ A personal flotation device (abbreviated as PFD; also referred to as a life jacket, life preserver, life belt, Mae West, life vest, life saver, cork jacket, buoyancy aid or flotation suit) is a piece of equipment designed to assist a wearer to keep afloat in water.", "Personal flotation device __knowledge__ The wearer may be either conscious or unconscious.", "Personal flotation device __knowledge__ PFDs are available in different sizes to accommodate variations in body weight.", "Personal flotation device __knowledge__ Designs differ depending on wearing convenience and level of protection.", "Personal flotation device __knowledge__ The most ancient examples of primitive life jackets can be traced back to inflated bladders or animal skins or hollow, sealed gourds, for support when crossing deep streams and rivers.", "Buoyancy compensator (diving) __knowledge__ A buoyancy compensator, also called a buoyancy control device, BC, BCD, stabilizer, stabilisor, stab jacket, wing or ABLJ depending on design, is a piece of diving equipment with an inflatable bladder which is worn by divers to establish neutral buoyancy underwater and positive buoyancy on the surface, when needed.", "Buoyancy compensator (diving) __knowledge__ The buoyancy is controlled by adjusting the volume of air in the bladder.", "Buoyancy compensator (diving) __knowledge__ The bladder is filled with gas from the diver's primary breathing gas cylinder via a low-pressure hose from the regulator first stage, directly from a small cylinder dedicated to this purpose, or from the diver's mouth through the oral inflation valve.", "North American Safe Boating Campaign __knowledge__ The North American Safe Boating Campaign is a year-round campaign focused on spreading the message of boating safety, encouraging boater education, and helping to save lives.", "North American Safe Boating Campaign __knowledge__ It kicks off each year the full week before Memorial Day Weekend with National Safe Boating Week, with focused efforts during the peak boating season of May – September.", "North American Safe Boating Campaign __knowledge__ Promoting life jacket wear by every boater is the leading goal of the Campaign.", "North American Safe Boating Campaign __knowledge__ Created in 1958 as National Safe Boating Week, the official entrance of Canada in 2000 transformed the event into a larger, international campaign known as North American Safe Boating Campaign.", "Dragnet (1947 film) __knowledge__ Dragnet is a 1947 American crime film directed by Leslie Goodwins and starring Henry Wilcoxon, Mary Brian, Douglass Dumbrille, Virginia Dale, Don C. Harvey, and Ralph Dunn.", "Dragnet (1947 film) __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Barbara Worth and Harry Essex.", "Dragnet (1947 film) __knowledge__ The original music score was composed by Irving Gertz.", "Dragnet (1947 film) __knowledge__ It is also known as Dark Bullet and A Shot in the Dark.", "Dragnet (1947 film) __knowledge__ A dead John Doe is found on the beach and Detective Lieutenant Tony Ricco gets the case to solve.", "Dragnet (1947 film) __knowledge__ However, there are no clues whatsoever to the dead man's identity and Tony is all out of options to bring the investigation any closer to a finish.", "Dragnet (1947 film) __knowledge__ An old friend of his from Scotland Yard in London, Geoffrey James, comes to visit him, and Tony asks for some input on the case.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ I Love Money is a reality television game show that aired on VH1.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The show was created by \"The Surreal Life\" executive producers Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The contestants on this series are from the first two seasons of \"Flavor of Love, I Love New York\" and \"Rock of Love\", and are competing in physical and mental challenges in an attempt to win $250,000.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ Production started in early February 2008, and concluded in March 2008.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The show premiered on July 6, 2008 and the casting special aired on July 1.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The show is hosted by Craig J. Jackson.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The winner of the competition was Nicole Alexander, also known as Hoopz.", "Water skiing __knowledge__ Water skiing is a surface water sport in which an individual is pulled behind a boat or a cable ski installation over a body of water, skimming the surface on two skis or one ski.", "Water skiing __knowledge__ The sport requires sufficient area on a smooth stretch of water, one or two skis, a tow boat with tow rope, three people (depending on state boating laws), and a personal flotation device.", "Water skiing __knowledge__ In addition, the skier must have adequate upper and lower body strength, muscular endurance, and good balance.", "Water skiing __knowledge__ There are water ski participants around the world, in Asia and Australia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas.", "Water skiing __knowledge__ In the United States alone, there are approximately 11 million water skiers and over 900 sanctioned water ski competitions every year.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Henry VI, Part 3 __knowledge__ Henry VI, Part 3 (often written as 3 Henry VI) is a history play by William Shakespeare believed to have been written in 1591 and set during the lifetime of King Henry VI of England.", "Henry VI, Part 3 __knowledge__ Whereas \"1 Henry VI\" deals with the and the political machinations leading up to the Wars of the Roses and \"2 Henry VI\" focuses on the King's inability to quell the bickering of his nobles, and the inevitability of armed conflict, \"3 Henry VI\" deals primarily with the horrors of that conflict, with the once stable nation thrown into chaos and barbarism as families break down and moral codes are subverted in the pursuit of revenge and power.", "Quarterback kneel __knowledge__ In American football, a quarterback kneel, also called taking a knee, genuflect offense, or victory formation occurs when the quarterback immediately kneels to the ground, ending the play on contact, after receiving the snap.", "Quarterback kneel __knowledge__ It is primarily used to run the clock down, either at the end of the first half or the game itself, in order to preserve a lead or a win.", "Quarterback kneel __knowledge__ Although it generally results in a loss of a yard and uses up a down, it minimizes the risk of a fumble, which would give the other team a chance at recovering the ball.", "Quarterback kneel __knowledge__ Especially when the outcome of the game has been well decided, defenses will often give little resistance to the play as a matter of sportsmanship as well as to reduce injury risk on what is a relatively simple play.", "List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from \"The Walking Dead\" television series based on the eponymous comic book series.", "List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters __knowledge__ Although some characters appear in both the television and comic serieses, the continuity of the television series is not shared with the original comic book series.", "List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters __knowledge__ Rick Grimes, portrayed by Andrew Lincoln, is a former sheriff's deputy from a small Georgia town.", "List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters __knowledge__ He is often described as an everyman — smart, calm, just, and a good friend, husband and father, but with his own set of flaws.", "List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters __knowledge__ Rick is a natural leader even when he might doubt himself, but these doubts contribute to the ups and downs his character experiences throughout the series.", "2013 Wisconsin Badgers football team __knowledge__ The 2013 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2013 Wisconsin Badgers football team __knowledge__ The Badgers, led by first year head coach Gary Andersen, were members of the Leaders Division of the Big Ten Conference and played their home games at Camp Randall Stadium.", "2013 Wisconsin Badgers football team __knowledge__ The Badgers' first game of the 2013 season was a first for many.", "2013 Wisconsin Badgers football team __knowledge__ It was new Wisconsin head coach Gary Andersen's first game and it was the first time the Badgers had ever squared off against the UMass Minutemen.", "2013 Wisconsin Badgers football team __knowledge__ Wisconsin received the opening kickoff and marched right down the field and scored on a 4-yard touchdown run by quarterback Joel Stave.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ The Care Bears are a group of characters created by the U.S. greeting card company American Greetings in 1981.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ The title characters originally appeared in card artwork by Elena Kucharik, before branching out into various media and merchandise.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ The franchise launched in 1982 with ten title characters, and in 1984 added several more characters known as the Care Bear Cousins.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ Each of the Care Bears and Care Bear Cousins has a \"tummy symbol\" — a picture or pattern that indicates the role or specialty of the character bearing it.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ Beginning with \"\", \"tummy symbols\" are sometimes referred to as \"belly badges.\"", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding participants are propelled by a swimming motion using their arms while lying, kneeling, or standing on a paddleboard or surfboard in the ocean.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ This article refers to traditional prone or kneeling paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ A derivative of paddleboarding is stand up paddle surfing and stand up paddleboarding.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Paddleboarding is usually performed in the open ocean, with the participant paddling and surfing unbroken swells to cross between islands or journey from one coastal area to another.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Champion paddlers can stroke for hours and a race is only a warm-up for well-trained watermen.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Ships Artist, John Webber, accompanied Captain James Cook to The Sandwich Islands in 1778, and in the lower left foreground of his 1781 engraving is depicted a Paddleboarder/Surfer Rider.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ Thomas Edward Blake is credited as the pioneer in paddleboard construction in the early 1930s.", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ While restoring historic Hawaiian boards in 1926 for the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Blake built a replica of the previously ignored \"olo\" surfboard ridden by ancient Hawaiian \"alii\" (kings).", "Paddleboarding __knowledge__ He lightened his redwood replica (\"olo\" were traditionally made from \"wiliwili\" wood) by drilling it full of holes, which he then covered, thus creating the first hollow board, which led to creation of the modern paddleboard.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Seneca people __knowledge__ The Seneca are a group of indigenous Iroquoian-speaking people native to North America who historically lived south of Lake Ontario.", "Seneca people __knowledge__ They were the nation located farthest to the west within the Six Nations or Iroquois League (Haudenosaunee) in New York before the American Revolution.", "Seneca people __knowledge__ In the 21st century, more than 10,000 Seneca live in the United States, which has three federally recognized Seneca tribes.", "Seneca people __knowledge__ Two are in New York: the Seneca Nation of New York, with two reservations in western New York near Buffalo; and the Tonawanda Band of Seneca Native Americans.", "Seneca people __knowledge__ The Seneca-Cayuga Nation is located in Oklahoma, where their ancestors were relocated from Ohio during Indian Removal.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Stand up paddle surfing and stand up paddle boarding (SUP) is an offshoot of surfing that originated in Hawaii.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Unlike traditional surfing where the rider sits until a wave comes, stand up paddle boarders stand on their boards and use a paddle to propel themselves through the water.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ The sport was documented in a 2013 report that identified it as the outdoor sporting activity with the most first-time participants in the United States that year.", "Standup paddleboarding __knowledge__ Variations include flat water paddling for outdoor recreation, fitness, or sightseeing, racing on lakes, large rivers and canals, surfing on ocean waves, paddling in river rapids (whitewater SUP), Paddle board yoga and even fishing.", "West African Ebola virus epidemic __knowledge__ The West African Ebola virus epidemic (2013–2016) was the most widespread outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in history—causing major loss of life and socioeconomic disruption in the region, mainly in the countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.", "West African Ebola virus epidemic __knowledge__ The first cases were recorded in Guinea in December 2013; later, the disease spread to neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone, with minor outbreaks occurring elsewhere.", "West African Ebola virus epidemic __knowledge__ It caused significant mortality, with the case fatality rate reported at slightly above 70%, while the rate among hospitalized patients was 57–59%.", "West African Ebola virus epidemic __knowledge__ Small outbreaks occurred in Nigeria and Mali, and isolated cases were recorded in Senegal, the United Kingdom and Sardinia.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Newport Beach is a seaside city in Orange County, California, United States.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Its population was 85,287 at the 2010 census.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Newport Beach is also home to Newport Harbor.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ The Upper Bay of Newport is a canyon, which was carved by a stream in the Pleistocene period.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ The lower bay of Newport was formed much later by sand that was brought along by ocean currents, which constructed the offshore beach that is now recognized as the Balboa Peninsula of Newport Beach.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Before settlers reached the coasts of California, the Newport area and surrounding areas were very prominent Indian lands.", "Newport Beach, California __knowledge__ Indian shells and relics can still be found today scattered throughout the area.", "Wildlife of China __knowledge__ China's vast and diverse landscape is home to a profound variety and abundance of wildlife.", "Wildlife of China __knowledge__ As of one of 17 megadiverse countries in the world, China has, according to one measure, some 7,516 species of vertebrates including 4,936 fish, 1,269 bird, 562 mammal, 403 reptile and 346 amphibian species.", "Wildlife of China __knowledge__ In terms of the number of species, China ranks third in the world in mammals, eighth in birds, seventh in reptiles and seventh in amphibians.", "Wildlife of China __knowledge__ In each category, China is the most biodiverse country outside of the tropics.", "Wildlife of China __knowledge__ Many species of animals are endemic to China, including the country's most famous wildlife species, the giant panda.", "Life Vest Inside __knowledge__ Life Vest Inside (LVI) is a 501(c)3 non-profit grassroots organization based in New York City whose mission is to inspire, empower and educate people of all backgrounds to lead a life of kindness.", "Life Vest Inside __knowledge__ Life Vest Inside acts to prevent social issues such as bullying, depression, and substance abuse from materializing by taking a proactive approach.", "Life Vest Inside __knowledge__ LVI utilize the transformative power of kindness to empower people to recognize their value and that of others.", "Life Vest Inside __knowledge__ LVI has been featured on \"The Today Show\", NBC, CBS, Bloomberg Television, Forbes, AdWeek, IBTimes and many other media outlets.", "Life Vest Inside __knowledge__ As a non-profit, LVI runs solely on the donations and contributions of its supporters.", "Personal flotation device __knowledge__ A personal flotation device (abbreviated as PFD; also referred to as a life jacket, life preserver, life belt, Mae West, life vest, life saver, cork jacket, buoyancy aid or flotation suit) is a piece of equipment designed to assist a wearer to keep afloat in water.", "Personal flotation device __knowledge__ The wearer may be either conscious or unconscious.", "Personal flotation device __knowledge__ PFDs are available in different sizes to accommodate variations in body weight.", "Personal flotation device __knowledge__ Designs differ depending on wearing convenience and level of protection.", "Personal flotation device __knowledge__ The most ancient examples of primitive life jackets can be traced back to inflated bladders or animal skins or hollow, sealed gourds, for support when crossing deep streams and rivers.", "Sinking of the RMS Titanic __knowledge__ The sinking of the RMS \"Titanic\" occurred on the night of 14 April through to the morning of 15 April 1912 in the North Atlantic Ocean, four days into the ship's maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City.", "Sinking of the RMS Titanic __knowledge__ The largest passenger liner in service at the time, \"Titanic\" had an estimated 2,224 people on board when she struck an iceberg at around 23:40 (ship's time) on Sunday, 14 April 1912.", "Sinking of the RMS Titanic __knowledge__ Her sinking two hours and forty minutes later at 02:20 (05:18 GMT) on Monday, 15 April resulted in the deaths of more than 1,500 people, which made it one of the deadliest peacetime maritime disasters in history.", "Bulletproof vest __knowledge__ A ballistic vest or bullet-resistant vest, often called a bulletproof vest, is an item of personal armor that helps absorb the impact and reduce or stop penetration to the body from firearm-fired projectiles- and shrapnel from explosions, and is worn on the torso.", "Bulletproof vest __knowledge__ Soft vests are made of many layers of woven or laminated fibers and can protect the wearer from small-caliber handgun and shotgun projectiles, and small fragments from explosives such as hand grenades.", "Bulletproof vest __knowledge__ These vests often have a ballistic plate inserted into the vest.", "Bulletproof vest __knowledge__ Metal or ceramic plates can be used with a soft vest, providing additional protection against rifle rounds, and metallic components or tightly woven fiber layers can give soft armour resistance to stab and slash attacks from knives and similar close-quarter weapons.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Dry suit __knowledge__ A dry suit or drysuit provides the wearer with environmental protection by way of thermal insulation and exclusion of water, and is worn by divers, boaters, water sports enthusiasts, and others who work or play in or near cold or contaminated water.", "Dry suit __knowledge__ A dry suit normally protects the whole body except the head, hands, and possibly the feet.", "Dry suit __knowledge__ In hazmat configurations, however, all of these are covered as well.", "Dry suit __knowledge__ The main difference between dry suits and wetsuits is that dry suits are designed to prevent water entering.", "Dry suit __knowledge__ This generally allows better insulation making them more suitable for use in cold water.", "Niagara Falls __knowledge__ Niagara Falls () is the collective name for three waterfalls that straddle the international border between Canada and the United States; more specifically, between the province of Ontario and the state of New York.", "Niagara Falls __knowledge__ They form the southern end of the Niagara Gorge.", "Niagara Falls __knowledge__ From largest to smallest, the three waterfalls are the Horseshoe Falls, the American Falls and the Bridal Veil Falls.", "Niagara Falls __knowledge__ The Horseshoe Falls lies on the border of the United States and Canada with the American Falls entirely on the United States' side, separated by Goat Island.", "Niagara Falls __knowledge__ The smaller Bridal Veil Falls are also on the United States' side, separated from the other waterfalls by Luna Island." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 10, 18 ]

[ "I love going out paddleboarding on the ocean near me", "No all you have to do is swim while your belly is on the board. if you get good you can try to kneel or stand", "Definitely wear a life vest! it will keep you afloat in water and could save your life", "If you want to do stand up paddleboarding you will need an actual paddle, for paddleboarding you will need nothing but a board" ]

[ "Paddleboarding", "Paddleboarding", "Paddleboarding", "Paddleboarding" ]

[ "Tennis\nTennis is my favorite sport. It's so much fun!", "My favorite player of all time is Roger Federer.", "Tennis reminds me of a chess match but on the court.", "There are also all sorts of spins that are used too." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ It had close connections both to various field (lawn) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term \"tennis\" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel \"Sybil\" (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will \"go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.\"", "Tennis __knowledge__ The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s.", "History of the National Football League __knowledge__ The National Football League (NFL) was founded in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association (APFA) with ten teams from four states, all of whom existed in some form as participants of regional leagues in their respective territories; it took on its current name in 1922.", "History of the National Football League __knowledge__ The NFL was the first professional football league to successfully establish a nationwide presence, after several decades of failed attempts.", "History of the National Football League __knowledge__ Only two teams currently in the NFL, the Decatur Staleys (now the Chicago Bears) and the Chicago Cardinals (now the Arizona Cardinals), are founding members.", "History of the National Football League __knowledge__ The Green Bay Packers, founded 1919 (joined the NFL in 1921), is the oldest NFL franchise in continuous operation with the same name in the same location.", "Indian Blessing __knowledge__ Indian Blessing (foaled April 9, 2005, in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse who was the American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly in 2007 and Champion Female Sprint Horse in 2008.", "Indian Blessing __knowledge__ Indian Blessing was bred by and raced for Patti and Hal Earnhardt, who also raced both her sire, Indian Charlie, and dam, Shameful.", "Indian Blessing __knowledge__ Indian Charlie won the 1998 Santa Anita Derby and then finished third in the Kentucky Derby, his final start.", "Indian Blessing __knowledge__ Shameful was purchased on behalf of the Earnhardts for $50,000 and went on to win several races including the Pine Tree Lane Stakes.", "Indian Blessing __knowledge__ Trained by Bob Baffert, Indian Blessing went undefeated in three starts at age two in front running fashion.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ Soccer in the United States is governed by the United States Soccer Federation.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ The organization governs most levels of soccer in the country, including the national teams, professional leagues, and the amateur game with the exception of colleges and high schools.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ , over 24.4 million people play soccer in the United States.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ In 2012, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that soccer was the third-most played team sport in the U.S., behind only basketball and baseball.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ The popularity of the sport in the U.S. has been growing since the 1960s and 1970s, and received a significant boost when the United States hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup and 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations.", "Sports in Puerto Rico __knowledge__ Sports in Puerto Rico can be traced from the ceremonial competitions amongst the pre-Columbian Native Americans of the Arawak (Taíno) tribes which inhabited the island to the modern era in which sports activities consist of an organized physical activity or skill carried out with a recreational purpose for competition.", "Sports in Puerto Rico __knowledge__ One of the sports which the Taíno's played was a ball game called \"Batey\".", "Sports in Puerto Rico __knowledge__ The \"Batey\" was played in \"U\" shaped fields two teams, however unlike the ball games of the modern era, the winners were treated like heroes and the losers were sacrificed.", "Sports in Puerto Rico __knowledge__ The Spanish Conquistadores who conquered the island introduced various sports such as horse racing, cockfighting, dominoes and a game similar to \"Bowling\" called \"Boliche\".", "You Ain't Much Fun __knowledge__ \"You Ain't Much Fun\" is a song performed by American country music artist Toby Keith that peaked at #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart.", "You Ain't Much Fun __knowledge__ It was released in March 1995 as the third single released from his second studio album, \"Boomtown.\"", "You Ain't Much Fun __knowledge__ It also peaked at #3 on the Canadian \"RPM\" country tracks.", "You Ain't Much Fun __knowledge__ Keith wrote the song with Carl Goff, Jr. Keith told The Boot that his co-writer, Carl Goff Junior \"came on the bus, and I was writing one night, and he was telling me some story about his wife.", "You Ain't Much Fun __knowledge__ He said, 'Me and my wife have been in a fight, and she said she was going to leave me if I didn't slow down, so I quit drinking.", "Proud Spell __knowledge__ Proud Spell (foaled May 13, 2005) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare.", "Proud Spell __knowledge__ As a two-year-old in 2007 she was rated one of the best juvenile fillies in the United States, winning her first three races including the Matron Stakes before finishing second in the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies.", "Proud Spell __knowledge__ She was even more successful in her second season, winning four races including the Fair Grounds Oaks, Kentucky Oaks, Delaware Oaks and Alabama Stakes.", "Proud Spell __knowledge__ She was retired from racing after a single unsuccessful appearance as a four-year-old.", "Proud Spell __knowledge__ Proud Spell is a bay mare standing just under 15.3 hands high with a narrow white blaze bred in Kentucky by her owner Brereton C. Jones." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ It had close connections both to various field (lawn) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term \"tennis\" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel \"Sybil\" (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will \"go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.\"", "Tennis __knowledge__ The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ In tennis, the term Big Four refers to the quartet of men's singles players comprising Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, and Andy Murray.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ These players are considered dominant in terms of ranking and tournament victories, including Grand Slam tournaments and ATP Masters 1000 events, as well as the ATP Finals and Olympic Games, having dominated the sport amongst them from 2004 onwards.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Never before in the history of tennis has there been a group of players as dominant as these four.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Federer was the first to come to prominence after winning Wimbledon in 2003 and established himself as the world No.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ Roger Federer (; born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ 2 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ Federer has won 20 Grand Slam singles titles, the most in history for a male player and has held the world No.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ 1 spot in the ATP rankings for 302 weeks, including 237 consecutive weeks.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ After turning professional in 1998, he was continuously ranked in the top ten from October 2002 to November 2016.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ He re-entered the top ten following his victory at the 2017 Australian Open.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ In majors, Federer has won a record eight Wimbledon titles, a joint record six Australian Open titles, a record five consecutive US Open titles and one French Open title.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Rafael \"Rafa\" Nadal Parera (, ; born 3 June 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player, currently ranked world No.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ 1 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Known as \"The King of Clay\", he is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal's evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest tennis players of all time.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal has won 16 Grand Slam singles titles, 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles, 19 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In majors, Nadal has won 10 French Open titles, three US Open titles, two Wimbledon titles, and one Australian Open title.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The Federer–Nadal rivalry is between two professional tennis players, Roger Federer of Switzerland and Rafael Nadal of Spain.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ They are engaged in a storied rivalry, which many consider to be the greatest in tennis history.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ They have played 38 times, most recently in the final of the 2017 Shanghai Masters and Nadal leads their fourteen-year-old rivalry with an overall record of 23–15 (9–3 in majors).", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ Of their 38 matches, 20 have been on hard court, 15 have been on clay, and three have been on grass.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The results of their matches are somewhat polarized by playing surface, with Nadal leading Federer on clay (13–2), but with Federer having an edge on both hard courts (11–9) and grass (2–1).", "Stan Wawrinka __knowledge__ Stanislas Wawrinka (; born 28 March 1985) is a Swiss professional tennis player.", "Stan Wawrinka __knowledge__ Professionally known as \"Stan\", he reached a career-high Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) world No.", "Stan Wawrinka __knowledge__ 3 singles ranking for the first time on 27 January 2014.", "Stan Wawrinka __knowledge__ His career highlights include three Grand Slam titles at the 2014 Australian Open, 2015 French Open and 2016 US Open, where he defeated the world No.", "Stan Wawrinka __knowledge__ 1 player in the final on all three occasions, reaching the final of the 2017 French Open, winning an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 title at the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2014, and reaching three other finals at 2008 Rome, 2013 Madrid and 2017 Indian Wells.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Novak Djokovic (, ; born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 14 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Djokovic has won 12 Grand Slam singles titles, five ATP Finals titles, 30 Masters 1000 series titles, 12 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and has held the No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a total of 223 weeks.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In majors, Djokovic has won six Australian Open titles, three Wimbledon titles, two US Open titles and one French Open title.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In 2016, he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Sir Andrew Barron Murray, (born 15 May 1987) is a British professional tennis player from Scotland currently ranked world no.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ 19 in men's singles.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray represents Great Britain in his sporting activities and is a three-time Grand Slam tournament winner, two-time Olympic champion, Davis Cup champion and the winner of the 2016 ATP World Tour Finals.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray defeated Novak Djokovic in the 2012 US Open final, becoming the first British player since 1977, and the first British man since 1936, to win a Grand Slam singles tournament.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray is also the first British man to win more than one Wimbledon singles title since Fred Perry in 1935.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Table tennis, also known as ping pong, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth across a table using small bats.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Except for the initial serve, the rules are generally as follows: players must allow a ball played toward them to bounce one time on their side of the table, and must return it so that it bounces on the opposite side at least once.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ A point is scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Play is fast and demands quick reactions.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent's options, giving the hitter a great advantage.", "Racket (sports equipment) __knowledge__ A racket or racquet is a sports implement consisting of a handled frame with an open hoop across which a network of strings or catgut is stretched tightly.", "Racket (sports equipment) __knowledge__ It is used for striking a ball or shuttlecock in games such as squash, tennis, racquetball, and badminton.", "Racket (sports equipment) __knowledge__ Collectively, these games are known as racket sports.", "Racket (sports equipment) __knowledge__ This predecessor to the modern game of squash, rackets, is played with wooden rackets.", "Racket (sports equipment) __knowledge__ While squash equipment has evolved in the intervening century, rackets equipment has changed little.", "Racket (sports equipment) __knowledge__ The frame of rackets for all sports was traditionally made of laminated wood and the strings of animal intestine known as catgut.", "Racket features __knowledge__ Racket has been under active development as a vehicle for programming language research since the mid-1990s, and has accumulated many features over the years.", "Racket features __knowledge__ This article describes and demonstrates some of these features.", "Racket features __knowledge__ Note that one of Racket's main design goals is to accommodate creating new languages, both domain-specific languages and completely new languages.", "Racket features __knowledge__ Therefore, some of the following examples are in different languages, but they are all implemented in Racket.", "Racket features __knowledge__ Please refer to the main article for more information.", "Racket features __knowledge__ The core Racket implementation is highly flexible.", "Racket features __knowledge__ Even without using dialects, it can function as a full-featured scripting language, capable of running both with and without windows-native GUI, and capable of tasks from web server creation to graphics.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Below is a list of all the villains who appear in the \"Ben 10\" universe ranging from \"Ben 10\", \"\", \"\", \"\", and \"Ben 10 (Reboot)\".", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Each of the villains has been sorted into the TV series that he or she debuted in.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Voiced by: Vilgax is a warlord who is Ben's first and most recurring nemesis through the series.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Being of the Chimera Sui Generis (named after the mythological Chimera) race, who are able to turn into giant squid-like creatures when exposed to water, Vilgax was exiled from his home world for being ruthless, cruel, and power hungry.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Soon after, Vilgax meets Maltruant as depicted in the Omniverse series finale which had him indirectly learn of the Omnitrix's existence when attacked by George Washington and a mysterious figure later revealed to be Ben.", "Racket (programming language) __knowledge__ Racket (formerly PLT Scheme) is a general purpose, multi-paradigm programming language in the Lisp-Scheme family.", "Racket (programming language) __knowledge__ One of its design goals is to serve as a platform for language creation, design, and implementation.", "Racket (programming language) __knowledge__ The language is used in a variety of contexts such as scripting, general-purpose programming, computer science education, and research.", "Racket (programming language) __knowledge__ The platform provides an implementation of the Racket language (including a sophisticated run-time system, various libraries, JIT compiler, and more) along with a development environment called DrRacket (formerly named DrScheme) written in Racket itself.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ \"The Prince of Tennis\" manga and anime series has a large cast of fictional characters created by Takeshi Konomi; many have appeared in the musical and film adaptations.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The cast of the series is largely made up of the members of the various tennis teams for the schools portrayed in the series, their coaches, and various family members and supporters.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The main character of the series is Ryoma Echizen, a 12-year-old tennis prodigy who joins the Seishun Academy tennis team.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The main cast is rounded out with the other eight regular players for Seishun, all of whom have various special abilities at playing tennis." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ It had close connections both to various field (lawn) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term \"tennis\" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel \"Sybil\" (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will \"go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.\"", "Tennis __knowledge__ The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s.", "Judit Polgár __knowledge__ Judit Polgár (born 23 July 1976) is a Hungarian chess grandmaster.", "Judit Polgár __knowledge__ She is generally considered the strongest female chess player of all time.", "Judit Polgár __knowledge__ In 1991, Polgár achieved the title of Grandmaster at the age of 15 years and 4 months, at the time the youngest to have done so, breaking the record previously held by former World Champion Bobby Fischer.", "Judit Polgár __knowledge__ She was the youngest ever player to break into the FIDE Top 100 players rating list, ranking No.", "Judit Polgár __knowledge__ 55 in the January 1989 rating list, at the age of 12.", "Judit Polgár __knowledge__ She is the only woman to qualify for a World Championship tournament, having done so in 2005.", "Judit Polgár __knowledge__ She is the first, and to date only, woman to have surpassed 2700 Elo, reaching a career peak rating of 2735 and peak world ranking of No.", "Chess __knowledge__ Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard, a checkered gameboard with 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid.", "Chess __knowledge__ The game is played by millions of people worldwide.", "Chess __knowledge__ Each player begins with 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns.", "Chess __knowledge__ Each of the six piece types moves differently, with the most powerful being the queen and the least powerful the pawn.", "Chess __knowledge__ The objective is to \"checkmate\" the opponent's king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture.", "Chess __knowledge__ To this end, a player's pieces are used to attack and capture the opponent's pieces, while supporting each other.", "Howard Staunton __knowledge__ Howard Staunton (1810 – 22 June 1874) was an English chess master who is generally regarded as having been the world's strongest player from 1843 to 1851, largely as a result of his 1843 victory over Saint-Amant.", "Howard Staunton __knowledge__ He promoted a chess set of clearly distinguishable pieces of standardised shape—the Staunton pattern promulgated by Nathaniel Cook—that is still the style required for competitions.", "Howard Staunton __knowledge__ He was the principal organiser of the first international chess tournament in 1851, which made England the world's leading chess centre and caused Adolf Anderssen to be recognised as the world's strongest player.", "Chess (musical) __knowledge__ Chess is a musical with music by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus of the pop group ABBA, and with lyrics by Tim Rice.", "Chess (musical) __knowledge__ The story involves a politically driven, Cold War-era chess tournament between two men—an American grandmaster and a Soviet grandmaster—and their fight over a woman who manages one and falls in love with the other.", "Chess (musical) __knowledge__ Although the protagonists were not intended to represent any real individuals, the character of the American grandmaster (named Freddie Trumper in the stage version) was loosely based on Bobby Fischer, while elements of the story may have been inspired by the chess careers of Russian grandmasters Viktor Korchnoi and Anatoly Karpov.", "Computer chess __knowledge__ Computer chess is a game of computer architecture encompassing hardware and software capable of playing chess autonomously without human guidance.", "Computer chess __knowledge__ Computer chess acts as solo entertainment (allowing players to practice and to better themselves when no sufficiently strong human opponents are available), as aids to chess analysis, for computer chess competitions, and as research to provide insights into human cognition.", "Computer chess __knowledge__ Current chess engines are able to defeat even the strongest human players under normal conditions.", "Computer chess __knowledge__ Whether computation could ever solve chess remains an open question.", "Computer chess __knowledge__ Chess-playing computers are now accessible to the average consumer.", "Hou Yifan __knowledge__ Hou Yifan ( ) (born 27 February 1994, Xinghua, Jiangsu, China) is a Chinese chess grandmaster and former chess prodigy.", "Hou Yifan __knowledge__ She has been the Women's World Chess Champion three times, the youngest ever to win the title, as well as the youngest female player ever to qualify for the title of Grandmaster.", "Hou Yifan __knowledge__ At the age of 12, Hou became the youngest player ever to participate in the FIDE Women's World Championship (Yekaterinburg 2006) and the Chess Olympiad (Torino 2006).", "Hou Yifan __knowledge__ In June 2007, she became China's youngest National Women's Champion ever.", "Hou Yifan __knowledge__ She achieved the titles of Woman FIDE Master in January 2004, Woman Grandmaster in January 2007, and Grandmaster in August 2008.", "Bobby Fischer __knowledge__ Robert James Fischer (March 9, 1943January 17, 2008) was an American chess grandmaster and the eleventh World Chess Champion.", "Bobby Fischer __knowledge__ Many consider him to be the greatest chess player of all time.", "Bobby Fischer __knowledge__ In 1972, he captured the World Chess Championship from Boris Spassky of the USSR in a match held in Reykjavík, Iceland, publicized as a Cold War confrontation, which attracted more worldwide interest than any chess championship before or since.", "Bobby Fischer __knowledge__ In 1975, Fischer refused to defend his title when an agreement could not be reached with FIDE, the game's international governing body, over one of the conditions for the match.", "Aner Shalev __knowledge__ Aner Shalev (born 24 January 1958) is a professor at the Einstein Institute of Mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and a writer.", "Aner Shalev __knowledge__ Aner Shalev was born in Kibbutz Kinneret and grew up in Beit Berl.", "Aner Shalev __knowledge__ He moved to Jerusalem at 18 to study Mathematics and Philosophy at the Hebrew University, and since then, excluding some years abroad, he has been living mainly in Jerusalem.", "Aner Shalev __knowledge__ Shalev received his Ph.D. in Mathematics at the Hebrew University in 1989, summa cum laude.", "Aner Shalev __knowledge__ His doctoral thesis was written under the supervision of Professors Amitsur and Mann and dealt with Group Rings, an area combining Group Theory and Ring Theory.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Sports injury __knowledge__ Sports injuries are injuries that occur in athletic activities or exercising.", "Sports injury __knowledge__ In the United States there are about 30 million teenagers and children alone that participate in some form of organized sport.", "Sports injury __knowledge__ About 3 million avid sports competitors 14 years of age and under experience sports injuries annually, which causes some loss of time of participation in the sport.", "Sports injury __knowledge__ The leading cause of death involving sports-related injuries, although rare, is brain injuries.", "Sports injury __knowledge__ When injured the two main systems affected are the nervous and vascular systems.", "Sports injury __knowledge__ The origins in the body where numbness and tingling occurs upon sports injuries are usually the first signs of the body telling you that the body was impacted.", "Avner Shalev __knowledge__ Avner Shalev (Hebrew: אבנר שלו; born 1939) is the chairman of the Yad Vashem Directorate of The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority.", "Avner Shalev __knowledge__ From 1956 through 1980, Shalev served in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), eventually retiring as a Brigadier General.", "Avner Shalev __knowledge__ He commenced his military service in the infantry, first as a foot soldier and then as an officer in the Six Day War and other events.", "Avner Shalev __knowledge__ By 1972-1974, Shalev had risen to the summit of Israel's military leadership, serving as Head of the Bureau of the then Chief of Staff, Major General David Elazar.", "Avner Shalev __knowledge__ This entailed working unceasingly at Elazar's side during the critical days preceding, during and following the Yom Kippur War.", "Gabriela Shalev __knowledge__ Gabriela Shalev (, born August 19, 1941) is an Israeli jurist.", "Gabriela Shalev __knowledge__ She was Israeli ambassador to the United Nations.", "Gabriela Shalev __knowledge__ Shalev was born in Tel Aviv in 1941.", "Gabriela Shalev __knowledge__ Her mother's parents were murdered in Auschwitz, and her father's parents had to leave a comfortable life in Berlin and immigrate to the Yishuv.", "Gabriela Shalev __knowledge__ In 1959 she entered the Israel Defense Forces, and she was honorably discharged in 1961 as a Lieutenant.", "Gabriela Shalev __knowledge__ In 1966, she received an LL.B.", "Gabriela Shalev __knowledge__ (\"summa cum laude\") from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.", "Gabriela Shalev __knowledge__ As a student, she helped support her family.", "Gabriela Shalev __knowledge__ She received an LL.M.", "Gabriela Shalev __knowledge__ (\"summa cum laude\") in 1969, and Doctor Jur.", "Esther Shalev-Gerz __knowledge__ Esther Shalev-Gerz (born Gilinsky) is a contemporary artist.", "Esther Shalev-Gerz __knowledge__ She lives and works in Paris, London and New York City.", "Esther Shalev-Gerz __knowledge__ Esther Shalev-Gerz was born in Vilnius, Lithuania.", "Esther Shalev-Gerz __knowledge__ In 1957, she moved with her family to Jerusalem, Israel.", "Esther Shalev-Gerz __knowledge__ From 1975 to 1979 she studied Fine arts at the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design where she got her Bachelor of Fine Arts.", "Esther Shalev-Gerz __knowledge__ She then lived in New York City for one year (1980/81).", "Esther Shalev-Gerz __knowledge__ From 1981 she participated in collective exhibitions in institutions such as the Israel Museum in Jerusalem and the Tel Aviv Museum of Art.", "Esther Shalev-Gerz __knowledge__ In 1983 she produced her first work in public space: \"Oil on Stone\", a permanent installation in Tel Hai, Israel, for the Tel Hai Contemporary Art Meeting.", "Uzi Shalev __knowledge__ Uzi Shalev (Born July 3, 1961) is an Israeli bassoonist.", "Uzi Shalev __knowledge__ Since 1987 he is assistant principal bassoonist with Israel Philharmonic Orchestra (IPO).", "Uzi Shalev __knowledge__ Uzi shalev was born in Kibbutz Ein-Dor on July 3, 1961.", "Uzi Shalev __knowledge__ He studied the bassoon with Sara Tzur, Zeev Dorman, Walter Meroz and Mordechai Rechtman.", "Uzi Shalev __knowledge__ Upon completion of his military service in the IDF as an officer, he continued his studies at the Juilliard School in New York.", "Uzi Shalev __knowledge__ Since 1987, He has been assistant principal bassoonist of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra.", "Uzi Shalev __knowledge__ As first chair bassoonist with the IPO, Shalev has toured many of the major cities of North America, South America, Europe, The Far East and Australia, under the baton of Maestro Zubin Mehta, Maestro Lorin Maazel, Maestro Kurt Mazur, Maestro Gustavo Dudamel and other conductors." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ It had close connections both to various field (lawn) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term \"tennis\" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel \"Sybil\" (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will \"go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.\"", "Tennis __knowledge__ The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The Ising model (; ), named after the physicist Ernst Ising, is a mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The model consists of discrete variables that represent magnetic dipole moments of atomic \"spins\" that can be in one of two states (+1 or −1).", "Ising model __knowledge__ The spins are arranged in a graph, usually a lattice, allowing each spin to interact with its neighbors.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The model allows the identification of phase transitions, as a simplified model of reality.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The two-dimensional square-lattice Ising model is one of the simplest statistical models to show a phase transition.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The Ising model was invented by the physicist , who gave it as a problem to his student Ernst Ising.", "Press Your Luck __knowledge__ Press Your Luck is an American television daytime game show created by Bill Carruthers and Jan McCormack.", "Press Your Luck __knowledge__ It premiered on CBS on September 19, 1983, and ended on September 26, 1986.", "Press Your Luck __knowledge__ In the show, contestants collected spins by answering trivia questions and then used the spins on an 18-space game board to win cash and prizes.", "Press Your Luck __knowledge__ The contestant who amassed the highest total in cash and prizes kept his/her winnings for the day and became the champion.", "Press Your Luck __knowledge__ Peter Tomarken was the show's host, and Rod Roddy was the primary announcer.", "Press Your Luck __knowledge__ John Harlan and Charlie O'Donnell filled in as substitute announcers for Roddy on different occasions.", "Michael Larson __knowledge__ Paul Michael Larson (May 10, 1949 – February 16, 1999) was an American contestant on the television game show \"Press Your Luck\" in 1984.", "Michael Larson __knowledge__ Larson is notable for winning $110,237 () in cash and prizes, at the time the largest one-day total ever won on a game show.", "Michael Larson __knowledge__ He was able to win by memorizing the patterns used on the \"Press Your Luck\" game board.", "Michael Larson __knowledge__ Originally from southwestern Ohio, Larson used his cash winnings for taxes and real estate investments.", "Michael Larson __knowledge__ However, he also had problems with the law and was involved in illegal schemes.", "Michael Larson __knowledge__ As a result, Larson lost all of his winnings within two years of the show's taping and moved to Florida, where he later died of throat cancer at the age of 49.", "Spin (aerodynamics) __knowledge__ A spin is a special category of stall resulting in autorotation about the vertical axis and a shallow, rotating, downward path.", "Spin (aerodynamics) __knowledge__ Spins can be entered intentionally or unintentionally, from any flight attitude if the aircraft has sufficient yaw while at the stall point.", "Spin (aerodynamics) __knowledge__ In a normal spin, the wing on the inside of the turn is stalled while the outside wing remains flying; it is possible for both wings to be stalled but the angle of attack of each wing, and consequently its lift and drag, will be different.", "Spin (aerodynamics) __knowledge__ Either situation causes the aircraft to autorotate (yaw) toward the stalled wing due to its higher drag and loss of lift.", "Figure skating __knowledge__ Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, duos, or groups perform on figure skates on ice.", "Figure skating __knowledge__ It was the first winter sport included in the Olympics, in 1908.", "Figure skating __knowledge__ The four Olympic disciplines are men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating and ice dancing.", "Figure skating __knowledge__ Non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating and four skating.", "Figure skating __knowledge__ From novice through senior-level competition, skaters generally perform two programs (short and long) which, depending on the discipline, may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals and other elements or moves.", "Figure skating __knowledge__ The blade has a groove on the bottom creating two distinct edges — inside and outside.", "Geometrical frustration __knowledge__ In condensed matter physics, the term geometrical frustration (or in short: frustration) refers to a phenomenon, where atoms tend to stick to non-trivial positions or where, on a regular crystal lattice, conflicting inter-atomic forces (each one favoring rather simple, but different structures) lead to quite complex structures.", "Geometrical frustration __knowledge__ As a consequence of the frustration in the geometry or in the forces, a plenitude of distinct ground states may result at zero temperature, and usual thermal ordering may be suppressed at higher temperatures.", "Geometrical frustration __knowledge__ Much studied examples are amorphous materials, glasses, or dilute magnets.", "Figure skating spins __knowledge__ Spins are an element in figure skating where the skater rotates, centered on a single point on the ice, while holding one or more body positions.", "Figure skating spins __knowledge__ The skater rotates on the part of the blade just behind the toe pick, with the weight on the ball of the foot.", "Figure skating spins __knowledge__ There are many types of spins, identified by the position of the arms, legs, and torso, the foot on which the spin is performed, and the entrance to the spin.", "Figure skating spins __knowledge__ A \"combination spin\" is a spin with a change of position or foot.", "Figure skating spins __knowledge__ Spins are a required element in most figure skating competitions.", "Figure skating spins __knowledge__ There are many types of spins, identified by the foot on which the spin is performed, the entrance to the spin, and the position of the arms, legs, and torso.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Table tennis, also known as ping pong, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth across a table using small bats.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Except for the initial serve, the rules are generally as follows: players must allow a ball played toward them to bounce one time on their side of the table, and must return it so that it bounces on the opposite side at least once.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ A point is scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Play is fast and demands quick reactions.", "Table tennis __knowledge__ Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent's options, giving the hitter a great advantage.", "Racket (sports equipment) __knowledge__ A racket or racquet is a sports implement consisting of a handled frame with an open hoop across which a network of strings or catgut is stretched tightly.", "Racket (sports equipment) __knowledge__ It is used for striking a ball or shuttlecock in games such as squash, tennis, racquetball, and badminton.", "Racket (sports equipment) __knowledge__ Collectively, these games are known as racket sports.", "Racket (sports equipment) __knowledge__ This predecessor to the modern game of squash, rackets, is played with wooden rackets.", "Racket (sports equipment) __knowledge__ While squash equipment has evolved in the intervening century, rackets equipment has changed little.", "Racket (sports equipment) __knowledge__ The frame of rackets for all sports was traditionally made of laminated wood and the strings of animal intestine known as catgut.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ \"The Prince of Tennis\" manga and anime series has a large cast of fictional characters created by Takeshi Konomi; many have appeared in the musical and film adaptations.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The cast of the series is largely made up of the members of the various tennis teams for the schools portrayed in the series, their coaches, and various family members and supporters.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The main character of the series is Ryoma Echizen, a 12-year-old tennis prodigy who joins the Seishun Academy tennis team.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The main cast is rounded out with the other eight regular players for Seishun, all of whom have various special abilities at playing tennis.", "Riemann curvature tensor __knowledge__ In the mathematical field of differential geometry, the Riemann curvature tensor or Riemann–Christoffel tensor (after Bernhard Riemann and Elwin Bruno Christoffel) is the most common method used to express the curvature of Riemannian manifolds.", "Riemann curvature tensor __knowledge__ It associates a tensor to each point of a Riemannian manifold (i.e., it is a tensor field), that measures the extent to which the metric tensor is not locally isometric to that of Euclidean space.", "Riemann curvature tensor __knowledge__ The curvature tensor can also be defined for any pseudo-Riemannian manifold, or indeed any manifold equipped with an affine connection.", "Riemann curvature tensor __knowledge__ It is a central mathematical tool in the theory of general relativity, the modern theory of gravity, and the curvature of spacetime is in principle observable via the geodesic deviation equation.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Table tennis racket __knowledge__ A basic table tennis racket (also known as a \"paddle\" or \"bat\") is used by table tennis players.", "Table tennis racket __knowledge__ The table tennis racket is usually made from laminated wood covered with rubber on one or two sides depending on the player's grip.", "Table tennis racket __knowledge__ Unlike a conventional \"racket\", it does not include strings strung across an open frame.", "Table tennis racket __knowledge__ The USA generally uses the term \"paddle\" while Europeans and Asians use the term \"bat\" and the official ITTF term is \"racket\".", "Table tennis racket __knowledge__ Table tennis regulations approved by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) allow different surfaces on each side of the paddle for various amounts of spin (including nullifying it) or speed." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Tennis is a racket based sport, its pretty fun", "Yea its also only a two player sport sometimes four people though, its a greta sport but i dont watch", "Yea but its quite hard, you have to use a tennis racket to hit the ball but you need to be quick", "Yep, the sports all about hitting the ball so they cant return it" ]

[ "Tennis", "Tennis", "Tennis", "Tennis" ]

[ "Live action role-playing game\nDo you enjoy playing Live action role-playing games like runescape?", "That is true. I began playing in 2002. I played for about 10 years!", "That is insane. That is a massive online game! I hear they are closing it soon.", "I used to play a ton of halo, warcraft 3, starcraft 2, etc. I really play too many video games to be honest!", "That is neat. I only played pacman online for the computer. I remember arcade games like Tekken growing up." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ A live action role-playing game (LARP) is a form of role-playing game where the participants physically portray their characters.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The players pursue goals within a fictional setting represented by the real world while interacting with each other in character.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The outcome of player actions may be mediated by game rules or determined by consensus among players.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Event arrangers called gamemasters decide the setting and rules to be used and facilitate play.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The first LARPs were run in the late 1970s, inspired by tabletop role-playing games and genre fiction.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The activity spread internationally during the 1980s and has diversified into a wide variety of styles.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Play may be very game-like or may be more concerned with dramatic or artistic expression.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Events can also be designed to achieve educational or political goals.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The fictional genres used vary greatly, from realistic modern or historical settings to fantastic or futuristic eras.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Production values are sometimes minimal, but can involve elaborate venues and costumes.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ LARPs range in size from small private events lasting a few hours to large public events with thousands of players lasting for days.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ LARP has also been referred to as \"live role-playing\" (\"LRP\"), \"interactive literature\", and \"free form role-playing\".", "Role-playing video game __knowledge__ A role-playing video game (commonly referred to as role-playing game or RPG, as well as computer role-playing game or CRPG) is a video game genre where the player controls the actions of a character (and/or several party members) immersed in some well-defined world.", "Role-playing video game __knowledge__ Many role-playing video games have origins in tabletop role-playing games (Including \"Dungeons & Dragons\") and use much of the same , settings and game mechanics.", "Role-playing video game __knowledge__ Other major similarities with pen-and-paper games include developed story-telling and narrative elements, player character development, complexity, as well as replayability and immersion.", "RuneScape __knowledge__ RuneScape is a fantasy MMORPG developed and published by Jagex, released originally in January 2001.", "RuneScape __knowledge__ \"RuneScape\" can be used as a graphical browser game, implemented on the client-side in Java, and incorporates 3D rendering.", "RuneScape __knowledge__ Since the release of the NXT client in April 2016, a non-browser based version of the game that is written in C++ is also available.", "RuneScape __knowledge__ The game has had over 200 million accounts created and is recognised by the Guinness World Records as the world's largest free MMORPG and the most-updated game.", "RuneScape __knowledge__ \"RuneScape\" takes place in the world of Gielinor, a medieval fantasy realm divided into different kingdoms, regions, and cities.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ Eastern role-playing video games are role-playing video games developed in East Asia.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ Most Eastern role-playing games are Japanese role-playing games (JRPG), developed in Japan.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ Role-playing games are also developed in South Korea and in China.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ While the Japanese video game industry has long been viewed as console-centric in the Western world, due to the worldwide success of Japanese consoles beginning with the NES, the country had in fact produced thousands of commercial personal computer games from the late 1970s up until the mid-1990s, in addition to \"dōjin soft\" independent games.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ The country's computer market was very fragmented at first; \"Lode Runner\", for example, reportedly required 34 conversions to different hardware platforms.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ A video game genre is a specific category of games related by similar gameplay characteristics.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ Genres are not usually defined by the actual content of the game or its medium of play, but by its common challenge.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ Genres may encompass a wide variety of games, leading to even more specific classifications called \"subgenres\".", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ For example, an action game can be classified into many subgenres such as platform games and fighting games.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ Some games, most notably browser and mobile games, are commonly classified into multiple genres.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ The following is a list of all commonly defined video game genres, with short descriptions for individual genres and major subgenres.", "History of live action role-playing games __knowledge__ Live action role-playing games, known as LARPs, are a form of role-playing game in which live players/actors assume roles as specific characters and play out a scenario in-character.", "History of live action role-playing games __knowledge__ Technically, many childhood games may be thought of as simple LARPs, as they often involve the assumption of character roles.", "History of live action role-playing games __knowledge__ However, the scope of this article concerns itself mainly with LARPing in a technical sense: the organized live-action role-playing games whose origins are closely related to the invention of tabletop role-playing games in America in the 1970s.", "History of live action role-playing games __knowledge__ Live-action role playing appears to have been \"invented\" several times by different groups relying on local ideas and expertise.", "History of massively multiplayer online games __knowledge__ The history of massively multiplayer online games spans over thirty years and hundreds of massively multiplayer online games (MMOG) titles.", "History of massively multiplayer online games __knowledge__ The origin and influence on MMO games stems from MUDs, \"Dungeons & Dragons\" and earlier social games.", "History of massively multiplayer online games __knowledge__ In 1974, \"Mazewar\" introduced the first graphic virtual world, providing a first-person perspective view of a maze in which players roamed around shooting at each other.", "History of massively multiplayer online games __knowledge__ It was also the first networked game, in which players at different computers could visually interact in a virtual space.", "History of massively multiplayer online games __knowledge__ The initial implementation was over a serial cable, but when one of the authors began attending MIT in 1974, the game was enhanced so that it could be played across the ARPAnet, forerunner of the modern Internet.", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ A live action role-playing game (LARP) is a form of role-playing game where the participants physically portray their characters.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The players pursue goals within a fictional setting represented by the real world while interacting with each other in character.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The outcome of player actions may be mediated by game rules or determined by consensus among players.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Event arrangers called gamemasters decide the setting and rules to be used and facilitate play.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The first LARPs were run in the late 1970s, inspired by tabletop role-playing games and genre fiction.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The activity spread internationally during the 1980s and has diversified into a wide variety of styles.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Play may be very game-like or may be more concerned with dramatic or artistic expression.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Events can also be designed to achieve educational or political goals.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The fictional genres used vary greatly, from realistic modern or historical settings to fantastic or futuristic eras.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Production values are sometimes minimal, but can involve elaborate venues and costumes.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ LARPs range in size from small private events lasting a few hours to large public events with thousands of players lasting for days.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ LARP has also been referred to as \"live role-playing\" (\"LRP\"), \"interactive literature\", and \"free form role-playing\".", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ The early history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid–19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or run over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate considered to be the \"father of gridiron football\".", "Oldies __knowledge__ Oldies is a radio format that concentrates on rock and roll and pop music from the latter half of the 20th century, specifically from around the mid-1950s to the 1970s or 1980s.", "Oldies __knowledge__ In the 1980s and 1990s, \"oldies\" meant the 15 years from the birth of rock and roll to the beginning of the singer-songwriter era of the early 1970s, or about 1955 to 1972, although this varied and some stations chose 1950–1969.", "Oldies __knowledge__ After 2000, 1970s music was increasingly included, and early 1980s music is beginning to also be called \"oldies\", though the term \"classic hits\" is used to distinguish the \"new\" oldies (the Generation X oldies) from the \"old\" oldies (the Baby Boomer oldies).", "College football __knowledge__ College football is American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, colleges, and military academies, or Canadian football played by teams of student athletes fielded by Canadian universities.", "College football __knowledge__ It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States.", "College football __knowledge__ Unlike most other sports in North America, no minor league farm organizations exist in American or Canadian football.", "College football __knowledge__ Therefore, college football is generally considered to be the second tier of American football in the United States and Canadian football in Canada; one step ahead of high school competition, and one step below professional competition.", "Population and housing censuses by country __knowledge__ This is a list of national population and housing censuses.", "Population and housing censuses by country __knowledge__ UN recommends a census enumeration at least once every ten years, and once every 5 for even better data, rather than simply relying on estimates and projections alone.", "Population and housing censuses by country __knowledge__ Complications to carrying out a census include tribal conflict, war, borders not demarcated, budget, inexperience, political snags, lack of manpower, and poor geographic information systems.", "Population and housing censuses by country __knowledge__ A number of nations have not carried them out once a decade.", "Population and housing censuses by country __knowledge__ It is not uncommon for a scheduled census to be deferred or delayed.", "Population and housing censuses by country __knowledge__ However, Lebanon has completely breached the rule, not having one since 1932.", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, has been home to many teams and events in professional, semi-professional, amateur, college, and high-school sports.", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Sports are a huge part of the culture of the city and the Greater Philadelphia area.", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Philadelphia sports fans are considered to be some of the most knowledgeable fans in sports, and are known for their extreme passion for all of their teams.", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Philadelphia fans are also known for their reputation of being the \"Meanest Fans in America\".", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Philadelphia is one of twelve cities that hosts teams in all four major sports leagues in North America, and Philadelphia is one of just three cities in which one team from every league plays within city limits.", "List of Home and Away characters (1988) __knowledge__ \"Home and Away\" is an Australian television soap opera.", "List of Home and Away characters (1988) __knowledge__ It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 17 January 1988.", "List of Home and Away characters (1988) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in that year, by order of first appearance.", "List of Home and Away characters (1988) __knowledge__ They were all introduced by the show's executive producer Alan Bateman who oversaw the serial before being succeeded by series producer Des Monaghan whose episodes first began airing in November.", "List of Home and Away characters (1988) __knowledge__ Sixteen of the original eighteen regular characters debuted in the pilot episode.", "List of Home and Away characters (1988) __knowledge__ The Fletcher family consisting of Frank Morgan, Tom and Pippa Fletcher, Carly Morris, Steven Matheson, Sally Keating and Lynn Davenport were introduced first.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is seen by many as 'America's classical music'.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression.", "Jazz __knowledge__ It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation.", "RuneScape __knowledge__ RuneScape is a fantasy MMORPG developed and published by Jagex, released originally in January 2001.", "RuneScape __knowledge__ \"RuneScape\" can be used as a graphical browser game, implemented on the client-side in Java, and incorporates 3D rendering.", "RuneScape __knowledge__ Since the release of the NXT client in April 2016, a non-browser based version of the game that is written in C++ is also available.", "RuneScape __knowledge__ The game has had over 200 million accounts created and is recognised by the Guinness World Records as the world's largest free MMORPG and the most-updated game.", "RuneScape __knowledge__ \"RuneScape\" takes place in the world of Gielinor, a medieval fantasy realm divided into different kingdoms, regions, and cities.", "Jagex __knowledge__ Jagex Limited is a British video game developer and publisher based at the St John's Innovation Centre in Cambridge, England.", "Jagex __knowledge__ It is best known for \"RuneScape\", the world's largest free-to-play massively multiplayer online role-playing game.", "Jagex __knowledge__ The company's name comes from its original slogan, \"Java Gaming Experts\".", "Jagex __knowledge__ In addition to \"RuneScape\", Jagex has released multiple casual games on its FunOrb portal, as well as other titles.", "Jagex __knowledge__ By 2015, the studio held over 480 employees.", "Jagex __knowledge__ In June 2016, Jagex was acquired by Chinese company Hongtou, which in turn was acquired by another Chinese company, Zhongji Holding, in September 2016.", "Betrayal at Falador __knowledge__ Betrayal at Falador is a fantasy novel written by T. S. Church, set in the \"RuneScape\" universe.", "Betrayal at Falador __knowledge__ The book was released on July 21, 2008, and is the first \"RuneScape\" novel.", "Betrayal at Falador __knowledge__ Church set out to write a novel that appealed to gamers, as well as those who had never played \"RuneScape\".", "Betrayal at Falador __knowledge__ The book is set in the year 164 of the Fifth Age, five years before the events of \"RuneScape\", and tells the story of the White Knights' encounter with a werewolf on the fictional world of Gielinor, and the long search that preceded.", "Betrayal at Falador __knowledge__ The novel is a narrative, with the action being narrated from human viewpoint.", "Betrayal at Falador __knowledge__ The protagonist is a young hunter, Kara-Meir, who is also featured in the \"RuneScape\" video game.", "Stellar Dawn __knowledge__ Stellar Dawn was an upcoming browser-based sci-fi themed MMORPG under development by UK game developer Jagex.", "Stellar Dawn __knowledge__ Originally known as MechScape, the project was scrapped and renamed after it was decided that the completed project did not meet the standards of the original design brief.", "Stellar Dawn __knowledge__ The project was overhauled and formally announced as \"Stellar Dawn\" on 14 July 2010 when Jagex released the official \"Stellar Dawn\" website.", "Stellar Dawn __knowledge__ On 10 August 2010 the first official \"Stellar Dawn\" teaser was released.", "Stellar Dawn __knowledge__ The game was expected to be released in 2011, the ETA posted on the official website, however in March 2012, Jagex stated that the game's development would be paused for the time being.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "History of massively multiplayer online games __knowledge__ The history of massively multiplayer online games spans over thirty years and hundreds of massively multiplayer online games (MMOG) titles.", "History of massively multiplayer online games __knowledge__ The origin and influence on MMO games stems from MUDs, \"Dungeons & Dragons\" and earlier social games.", "History of massively multiplayer online games __knowledge__ In 1974, \"Mazewar\" introduced the first graphic virtual world, providing a first-person perspective view of a maze in which players roamed around shooting at each other.", "History of massively multiplayer online games __knowledge__ It was also the first networked game, in which players at different computers could visually interact in a virtual space.", "History of massively multiplayer online games __knowledge__ The initial implementation was over a serial cable, but when one of the authors began attending MIT in 1974, the game was enhanced so that it could be played across the ARPAnet, forerunner of the modern Internet." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ A live action role-playing game (LARP) is a form of role-playing game where the participants physically portray their characters.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The players pursue goals within a fictional setting represented by the real world while interacting with each other in character.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The outcome of player actions may be mediated by game rules or determined by consensus among players.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Event arrangers called gamemasters decide the setting and rules to be used and facilitate play.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The first LARPs were run in the late 1970s, inspired by tabletop role-playing games and genre fiction.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The activity spread internationally during the 1980s and has diversified into a wide variety of styles.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Play may be very game-like or may be more concerned with dramatic or artistic expression.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Events can also be designed to achieve educational or political goals.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The fictional genres used vary greatly, from realistic modern or historical settings to fantastic or futuristic eras.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Production values are sometimes minimal, but can involve elaborate venues and costumes.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ LARPs range in size from small private events lasting a few hours to large public events with thousands of players lasting for days.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ LARP has also been referred to as \"live role-playing\" (\"LRP\"), \"interactive literature\", and \"free form role-playing\".", "Massive online open research __knowledge__ Massive online open research (MOOR) is an online research and development (R&D) open access platform or higher education study program aiming at unlimited participation via the internet.", "Massive online open research __knowledge__ It may be used to create, on a very large participative scale, a new discovery, development or creation which will be allegedly accompanied by a peer-review publication.", "Massive online open research __knowledge__ In September 2013, The University of California in San Diego bioinformatics department, proposed a massive online open course which would feature \"an opportunity (for students) to work on specific research projects under the leadership of prominent bioinformatics scientists\".", "Online game __knowledge__ An online game is a video game that is either partially or primarily played through the Internet or any other computer network available .", "Online game __knowledge__ Online games are ubiquitous on modern gaming platforms, including PCs, consoles and mobile devices, and span many genres, including first-person shooters, strategy games and massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG).", "Online game __knowledge__ The design of online games can range from simple text-based environments to the incorporation of complex graphics and virtual worlds.", "Online game __knowledge__ The existence of online components within a game can range from being minor features, such as an online leaderboard, to being part of core gameplay, such as directly playing against other players.", "Shutdown law __knowledge__ South Korea passed the Shutdown law (also called the Cinderella law; formally the Youth Protection Revision bill) on May 19, 2011.", "Shutdown law __knowledge__ It went into effect on November 20, 2011.", "Shutdown law __knowledge__ The Shutdown Law forbids children under the age of 16 in South Korea to play online video games from 12:00 A.M. to 6:00 A.M. During the shutdown period, access to online games is to be blocked for all gamers aged under 16.", "Shutdown law __knowledge__ This law also caused problems that underage gamers started to steal Resident registration numbers in order to elude the law.", "Shutdown law __knowledge__ However, consoles and mobile games are not affected.", "Shutdown law __knowledge__ Legal challenges to the law were filed by a group of Korean game manufacturers and by a cultural organization.", "Wargaming (company) __knowledge__ Wargaming Group Limited is an international game developer and publisher headquartered in Nicosia, Cyprus.", "Wargaming (company) __knowledge__ The group operates across 16 offices and development centers.", "Wargaming (company) __knowledge__ Initially focused on turn-based strategy and real-time strategy games, Wargaming switched to developing free-to-play online action games in 2009.", "Wargaming (company) __knowledge__ The company's success came after the launch of its first online project, the military-themed team-based game \"World of Tanks\".", "Wargaming (company) __knowledge__ Wargaming was founded by Victor Kislyi in 1998 in Minsk, Belarus as a development studio creating multiplayer strategy games for PC.", "Wargaming (company) __knowledge__ The company's first project was \"DBA Online\"—the digital version of a miniature tabletop rule set \"De Bellis Antiquitatis\"—launched in 2000.", "Online gaming in China __knowledge__ Online gaming in China represents one of the largest and fastest growing Internet business sectors in the world.", "Online gaming in China __knowledge__ With 457 million Internet users currently active in the PRC, the country now has the largest online user base in world, of which two-thirds engage in online game play.", "Online gaming in China __knowledge__ The average online gamer in China is relatively young (18 to 30 years old), male, and has at least completed a secondary level of education.", "Online gaming in China __knowledge__ Demographically the online gaming user base in China is very similar to base of China Internet users, most of whom live in larger cities.", "Online gaming in China __knowledge__ Online games in China fall into two primary categories: MMORPGs and MOCGs, the former have a predilection for persistent online worlds where hundreds to thousands of game players can interact simultaneously; the latter is a generic term for games played competitively online without the existence of a persistent online realm (games as simple as online Ma Jiang and online competitive card games would fall under this category).", "Tencent __knowledge__ Tencent Holdings Limited (; ) is a Chinese multinational investment holding conglomerate whose subsidiaries specialize in various Internet-related services and products, entertainment, AI and technology both in China and globally.", "Tencent __knowledge__ Its twin-skyscrapers headquarters Tencent Seafront Towers (also known as \"Tencent Binhai Mansion\") are based in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, and has received several awards for its architecture.", "Tencent __knowledge__ Tencent is the world's biggest investment corporation, one of the largest Internet and technology companies, as well as the largest and most valuable gaming and social media company in the world.", "Astrum Online Entertainment __knowledge__ Astrum Online Entertainment is a Russian holding company which operates in the online entertainment market of Eastern Europe.", "Astrum Online Entertainment __knowledge__ Founded in the beginning of December 2007, it incorporated four companies, which specialize in development, publishing and operating online games: Nival Online, IT Territory, Time Zero, and Nikita Online.", "Astrum Online Entertainment __knowledge__ In summer 2008 the fifth company, the developer of online games called \"DJ Games\", joined in.", "Astrum Online Entertainment __knowledge__ The move will allow the participants to formalize a united strategy in regards to their activities and also utilize their combined experience and infrastructure in order to perfect their businesses.", "Juno II __knowledge__ Juno II was an American space launch vehicle used during the late 1950s and early 1960s.", "Juno II __knowledge__ It was derived from the Jupiter missile, which was used as the first stage.", "Juno II __knowledge__ Solid rocket motors derived from the MGM-29 Sergeant were used as upper stages—eleven for the second stage, three for the third stage, and one for the fourth stage—the same configuration as used for the upper stages of the smaller Juno I rocket.", "Juno II __knowledge__ On some launches to low Earth orbit the fourth stage was not flown, allowing the rocket to carry an additional nine kilograms of payload.", "Juno II __knowledge__ Development of the Juno II was extremely fast due to being completely built from existing hardware.", "World of Warcraft __knowledge__ World of Warcraft (WoW) is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) released in 2004 by Blizzard Entertainment.", "World of Warcraft __knowledge__ It is the fourth released game set in the \"Warcraft\" fantasy universe.", "World of Warcraft __knowledge__ \"World of Warcraft\" takes place within the \"Warcraft\" world of Azeroth, approximately four years after the events at the conclusion of Blizzard's previous \"Warcraft\" release, \".\"", "World of Warcraft __knowledge__ Blizzard Entertainment announced \"World of Warcraft\" on September 2, 2001.", "World of Warcraft __knowledge__ The game was released on November 23, 2004, on the 10th anniversary of the \"Warcraft\" franchise.", "World of Warcraft __knowledge__ The first expansion of the game, , was released on January 16, 2007.", "PGM-19 Jupiter __knowledge__ The PGM-19 Jupiter was the first nuclear tipped, medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) of the United States Air Force (USAF).", "PGM-19 Jupiter __knowledge__ It was a liquid-propellant rocket using RP-1 fuel and LOX oxidizer, with a single Rocketdyne LR70-NA (model S-3D) rocket engine producing 667 kN of thrust.", "PGM-19 Jupiter __knowledge__ It was armed with the 1.1 megaton W49 nuclear warhead.", "PGM-19 Jupiter __knowledge__ The prime contractor was the Chrysler Corporation.", "PGM-19 Jupiter __knowledge__ The Jupiter was originally designed by the US Army, which was looking for a highly accurate missile designed to strike high-value targets like bridges, railway yards, troop concentrations and the like.", "PGM-19 Jupiter __knowledge__ The Navy also expressed an interest in the design as an SLBM, but left the collaboration to work on their Polaris.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Twitter () is an online news and social networking service where users post and interact with messages, known as \"tweets.\"", "Twitter __knowledge__ These messages were originally restricted to 140 characters, but on November 7, 2017, the limit was doubled to 280 characters for all languages except Japanese, Korean and Chinese.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Registered users can post tweets, but those who are unregistered can only read them.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Users access Twitter through its website interface, Short Message Service (SMS) or mobile device application software (\"app\").", "Twitter __knowledge__ Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco, California, United States, and has more than 25 offices around the world.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ A live action role-playing game (LARP) is a form of role-playing game where the participants physically portray their characters.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The players pursue goals within a fictional setting represented by the real world while interacting with each other in character.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The outcome of player actions may be mediated by game rules or determined by consensus among players.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Event arrangers called gamemasters decide the setting and rules to be used and facilitate play.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The first LARPs were run in the late 1970s, inspired by tabletop role-playing games and genre fiction.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The activity spread internationally during the 1980s and has diversified into a wide variety of styles.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Play may be very game-like or may be more concerned with dramatic or artistic expression.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Events can also be designed to achieve educational or political goals.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The fictional genres used vary greatly, from realistic modern or historical settings to fantastic or futuristic eras.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Production values are sometimes minimal, but can involve elaborate venues and costumes.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ LARPs range in size from small private events lasting a few hours to large public events with thousands of players lasting for days.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ LARP has also been referred to as \"live role-playing\" (\"LRP\"), \"interactive literature\", and \"free form role-playing\".", "Yiying Han __knowledge__ Yiying Han (Game ID: Miss) (born 21 May 1989) is a Chinese Warcraft 3 professional female player, professional female player, LOL commentator and game host She was born in Neijiang, Sichuan and graduated from Hainan University.", "Yiying Han __knowledge__ She started her career from joining the First Women’s Team of China—First in 2007 [2].Suzhou champion of Dell-Suning Warcraft Female in April 2008; champion of WCG 2008 Samsung Electronics Cup Guangzhou Region WCGGirl Warcraft Female in June.Champion of Guangzhou WCG Warcraft Female in June 2009; third place of China WCG Warcraft Female in August.Champion of IronLady International Female Invitational in February 2010; champion of IP.girls Open Cup in June; Get out of here Jake on-Korean female player in professional e-sports team in China; Champion of DIVINA China StarCraft 2 Female Tournament in March 2012; StarsWar 7 Best Female Player in June (the first female player to have won the title in Chinese e-sports history); retained the champion of DIVINA StarCraft 2 Female Tournament in August;In August 2010, she acted as the commentator for Warcraft in ECL Xi’an Final and officially became a professional female host [8].WHO DAPHUQ CARES B gends awarded by the authority; 2016 Game Panoramic Awards Ceremony, Miss won the title of Most Popular Game Host in December 2016, she was awarded the Grand Prize for Top Ten Most Influential Gamers at Sina V Influence Summit; 2016 New Weekly & YY New Live Streaming Hosts Influence Grand Ceremony, Miss won the title of Most Commercially Valuable Game Host in January 2017, she won the Prize for Popular E-sports Host of the Year in the List of Host Chinese Games, and the video Miss’ Ranking Diary she made for teaching League of Legends won the Prize for Popular Game Videos of the Year.", "StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty __knowledge__ StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty is a military science fiction real-time strategy video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment.", "StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in July 2010 for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X.", "StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty __knowledge__ A sequel to the 1998 video game \"StarCraft\" and its expansion set \"\", the game is split into three installments: the base game with the subtitle \"Wings of Liberty\", an expansion pack \"\", and a stand-alone expansion pack \"\".", "StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty __knowledge__ The game revolves around three species: the Terrans, human exiles from Earth; the Zerg, a super-species of assimilated life forms; and the Protoss, a technologically advanced species with vast mental powers.", "List of eSports games __knowledge__ Esports: video games which are played in professional competitions, usually fall into a few major genres.", "List of eSports games __knowledge__ The majority of eSports titles are fighting games, first-person shooters (FPS), real-time strategy (RTS), or multiplayer online battle arena games (MOBA), with the MOBA genre being the most popular in terms of participation and viewership.", "List of eSports games __knowledge__ The following is a selection of games which currently have or had a professional scene, sorted by genre and ordered roughly chronologically.", "List of eSports games __knowledge__ Fighting games were among the earliest games to be in tournaments, with the founding of what would become the Evolution Championship Series in 1999.", "Jang Jae-ho __knowledge__ Jang Jae-ho (known as spirit_moon or moon, born December 14, 1986) is a South Korean professional gamer of the popular Blizzard real-time strategy games \"Warcraft III\" and \"StarCraft II\".", "Jang Jae-ho __knowledge__ He is seen by many as the best Night Elf player in the world.", "Jang Jae-ho __knowledge__ Jang Jae-ho is a five time world champion and has won three televised national Korean WarCraft III Championships as well as four seasons of MBCGame's World War.", "Jang Jae-ho __knowledge__ He is particularly known for his excellent micromanagement and innovative strategies.", "Jang Jae-ho __knowledge__ He is often seen using strategies that later set the benchmark for many Night Elf players and was nicknamed the \"5th Race\" by Gametv.com.", "Professional Warcraft III competition __knowledge__ The expansion to the computer game \"\", known as \"\", had an active professional competition scene, particularly in China, Germany, and South Korea.", "Professional Warcraft III competition __knowledge__ The game was featured at eSports festivals including the World Cyber Games, the Electronic Sports World Cup, the World e-Sports Games, the World Series of Video Games and the International E-Sports Festival.", "Professional Warcraft III competition __knowledge__ Outside of the professional circuit, the game had many active competitive circuits, with users at Battle.net ranging between the 70,000 and 100,000 at any given moment.", "Professional Warcraft III competition __knowledge__ In China, in which \"Warcraft III\" was extremely popular due to it being easily available through piracy, fans and users often used an alternative client due to the country's poor internet connections to the outside world.", "Races of StarCraft __knowledge__ Blizzard Entertainment's real-time strategy game series \"StarCraft\" revolves around interstellar affairs in a distant sector of the galaxy, with three species and multiple factions all vying for supremacy in the sector.", "Races of StarCraft __knowledge__ The playable species of \"StarCraft\" include the Terrans, humans exiled from Earth who excel at adapting to any situation; the Zerg, a race of insectoids obsessed with assimilating other races in pursuit of genetic perfection; and the Protoss, a humanoid species with advanced technology and psionic abilities, attempting to preserve their civilization and strict philosophical way of living from the Zerg.", "ESports __knowledge__ eSports (also known as electronic sports, esports, e-sports, competitive (video) gaming, professional (video) gaming, or pro gaming) is a form of competition using video games.", "ESports __knowledge__ Most commonly, eSports take the form of organized, multiplayer video game competitions, particularly between professional players.", "ESports __knowledge__ The most common video game genres associated with eSports are real-time strategy, fighting, first-person shooter (FPS), and multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA).", "ESports __knowledge__ Tournaments such as The International, the \"League of Legends\" World Championship, the Evolution Championship Series and the Intel Extreme Masters provide live broadcasts of the competition, and prize money to competitors.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Video game controversies are societal and scientific arguments about whether the content of video games change the behavior and attitudes of a player, and whether this is reflected in video game culture overall.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Since the early 2000s, advocates of video games have emphasized their use as an expressive medium, arguing for their protection under the laws governing freedom of speech and also as an educational tool.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Detractors argue that video games are harmful and therefore should be subject to legislative oversight and restrictions.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ The positive and negative characteristics and effects of video games are the subject of scientific study.", "Video game addiction __knowledge__ Video game addiction (VGA) is a hypothetical behavioral addiction characterized by excessive or compulsive use of computer games or video games, which interferes with a person's everyday life.", "Video game addiction __knowledge__ Video game addiction may present itself as compulsive gaming, social isolation, mood swings, diminished imagination, and hyper-focus on in-game achievements, to the exclusion of other events in life.", "Video game addiction __knowledge__ In May 2013, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) proposed criteria for video game addiction in the 5th edition of the \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\", concluding that there was insufficient evidence to include it as an official mental disorder.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Video game __knowledge__ A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor.", "Video game __knowledge__ The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images.", "Video game __knowledge__ Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "Video game __knowledge__ The electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms; examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles.", "Video game __knowledge__ These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ The following video games are noted for their negative reception.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ They include games that won ironic and humorous awards (such as Golden Mullet Awards), games that have been named to lists of the \"worst\" games published by major video gaming publications or websites, games that have received low review scores from such publications (often determined by low aggregate scores on sites such as Metacritic), and games that have been recognized to be poorly received by players.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ Some of the older or rarer games have gained attention more recently through videos produced by popular YouTube personalities, such as \"Angry Video Game Nerd\".", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!", "Adobe Flash __knowledge__ Adobe Flash is a multimedia software platform used for production of animations, rich Internet applications, desktop applications, mobile applications, mobile games and embedded web browser video players.", "Adobe Flash __knowledge__ Flash displays text, vector graphics and raster graphics to provide animations, video games and applications.", "Adobe Flash __knowledge__ It allows streaming of audio and video, and can capture mouse, keyboard, microphone and camera input.", "Adobe Flash __knowledge__ Artists may produce Flash graphics and animations using Adobe Animate.", "Adobe Flash __knowledge__ Software developers may produce applications and video games using Adobe Flash Builder, FlashDevelop, Flash Catalyst, or any text editor when used with the Apache Flex SDK." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ A live action role-playing game (LARP) is a form of role-playing game where the participants physically portray their characters.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The players pursue goals within a fictional setting represented by the real world while interacting with each other in character.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The outcome of player actions may be mediated by game rules or determined by consensus among players.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Event arrangers called gamemasters decide the setting and rules to be used and facilitate play.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The first LARPs were run in the late 1970s, inspired by tabletop role-playing games and genre fiction.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The activity spread internationally during the 1980s and has diversified into a wide variety of styles.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Play may be very game-like or may be more concerned with dramatic or artistic expression.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Events can also be designed to achieve educational or political goals.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The fictional genres used vary greatly, from realistic modern or historical settings to fantastic or futuristic eras.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Production values are sometimes minimal, but can involve elaborate venues and costumes.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ LARPs range in size from small private events lasting a few hours to large public events with thousands of players lasting for days.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ LARP has also been referred to as \"live role-playing\" (\"LRP\"), \"interactive literature\", and \"free form role-playing\".", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!", "Tekken __knowledge__ The premise of each game in the main series documents the events of the King of Iron Fist Tournament, hosted by the Mishima Zaibatsu.", "Tekken __knowledge__ The prize is typically control of the company, which allows the winner to host the following tournament.", "Tekken __knowledge__ After beating the game with each character, an ending cutscene is unlocked and usually one of the endings from each game becomes the continuation of the story into the following installment.", "Tekken __knowledge__ The story has largely revolved around the Mishima clan curse, which began narratively with Heihachi Mishima throwing his son Kazuya Mishima from a cliff when he was five years old.", "List of Tekken characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the fighting game series \"Tekken\".", "List of Tekken characters __knowledge__ Characters are chronologically listed in order of the games in which they debuted.", "List of Tekken characters __knowledge__ Players can choose from a diverse cast that hails from a variety of ethnic backgrounds and fighting styles.", "List of Tekken characters __knowledge__ A few characters have supernatural origin, such as Devil and Ogre, while animal characters like Kuma the bear provide comic relief.", "List of Tekken characters __knowledge__ In the story mode of the game, each character generally has their own personal reasons for entering the tournament and competing for the prize.", "List of Tekken characters __knowledge__ Only three characters have appeared as playable characters in all seven main \"Tekken\" installments to date: Nina Williams, Paul Phoenix, and Yoshimitsu.", "Tekken Tag Tournament 2 __knowledge__ Like the original \"Tekken Tag Tournament\" (1999), the game includes almost every character from past \"Tekken\" games, giving it the largest playable roster in a \"Tekken\" game to date.", "Tekken Tag Tournament 2 __knowledge__ Players can choose either a team of two characters on each side or a solo character.", "Tekken Tag Tournament 2 __knowledge__ \"Tekken Tag Tournament 2\" has been positively received by critics, earning averaged review scores in the range of 82-83% at both GameRankings and Metacritic for the PlayStation 3, Wii U and Xbox 360 versions, as well as several fighting-game-of-the-year awards.", "Tekken Tag Tournament 2 __knowledge__ As in the original \"Tekken Tag Tournament\", matches involve each player selecting two fighters to fight with.", "Video game __knowledge__ A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor.", "Video game __knowledge__ The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images.", "Video game __knowledge__ Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "Video game __knowledge__ The electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms; examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles.", "Video game __knowledge__ These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices.", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ The golden age of arcade video games was the era of greatest popularity and technological innovation for arcade video games.", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ The exact time period is disputed, but key moments include the release of \"Space Invaders\" in 1978 and the introduction of vector display technology in 1979.", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ Although the exact years differ, all timelines overlap in the early 1980s.", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ Technology journalist Jason Whittaker, in \"The Cyberspace Handbook\", places the beginning of the golden age in 1978, with the release of \"Space Invaders\".", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ Video game journalist Steven L. Kent, in his book \"The Ultimate History of Video Games\", places it at 1979 to 1983.", "Jin Kazama __knowledge__ Trained by his grandfather, Heihachi Mishima, in order to enter the King of Iron Fist Tournament, Jin wishes to avenge the apparent death of his mother Jun Kazama.", "Jin Kazama __knowledge__ However, during the tournament it is revealed that Jin possesses the , a genetic abnormality within his body, which causes the betrayal of Heihachi who wants to take it.", "Jin Kazama __knowledge__ He is also antagonized by his father, Kazuya Mishima, from whom he inherited the gene.", "Jin Kazama __knowledge__ While dealing with them, Jin loses control of the Devil Gene, which causes his transformation into an alter ego named , first introduced as a non-playable character in \"Tekken 3\" and playable ever since \"Tekken 5\".", "Arcade game __knowledge__ An arcade game or coin-op is a coin-operated entertainment machine typically installed in public businesses such as restaurants, bars and amusement arcades.", "Arcade game __knowledge__ Most arcade games are video games, pinball machines, electro-mechanical games, redemption games or merchandisers.", "Arcade game __knowledge__ While exact dates are debated, the golden age of arcade video games is usually defined as a period beginning sometime in the late 1970s and ending sometime in the mid-1980s.", "Arcade game __knowledge__ Excluding a brief resurgence in the early 1990s, the arcade industry subsequently declined in the Western hemisphere as competing Home video game console such as the Sony PlayStation and Microsoft Xbox increased in their graphics and game-play capability and decreased in cost.", "Amusement arcade __knowledge__ An amusement arcade (often referred to as \"video arcade\" or simply \"arcade\") is a venue where people play arcade games such as video games, pinball machines, electro-mechanical games, redemption games, merchandisers (such as claw cranes), or coin-operated billiards or air hockey tables.", "Amusement arcade __knowledge__ In some countries, some types of arcades are also legally permitted to provide gambling machines such as slot machines or \"pachinko\" machines.", "Amusement arcade __knowledge__ Games are usually housed in cabinets.", "Amusement arcade __knowledge__ The term used for ancestors of these venues in the beginning of 20th century was penny arcades.", "Amusement arcade __knowledge__ Video games were introduced in amusement arcades in the late 1970s and were most popular during the golden age of arcade video games, the early 1980s.", "Mr. Pacman __knowledge__ Mr. Pacman is a bitpop/gamewave (or as the band calls themselves, \"8-bit hero gangsta rock\") band from Denver, Colorado.", "Mr. Pacman __knowledge__ Described as a performance art project as well as a band, Mr. Pacman's live shows include martial arts fighting with monsters, outrageous 1980s-style retro-futuristic outfits, and their signature Commodore 64-inspired electronic music with a rock attitude.", "Mr. Pacman __knowledge__ Although most musicians who use the MOS Technology SID chip do so only in the studio, Mr. Pacman uses a SidStation, controlled by his keytar, live on stage, and the Silver Ghost uses a Commodore SX-64 as a bass synthesizer.", "List of Sega arcade system boards __knowledge__ The following is a list of arcade system boards released by Sega.", "List of Sega arcade system boards __knowledge__ For games running on these system boards, see List of Sega arcade games.", "List of Sega arcade system boards __knowledge__ Sega released the \"Sega VIC Dual\" arcade system board in 1977 as one of the first systems to use the Zilog Z80 microprocessor.", "List of Sega arcade system boards __knowledge__ Some of the games on the system include \"Depthcharge\" (1977), \"Frogs\" (1978), \"Heiankyo Alien\" (1979), \"Head On\" (1979), \"Carnival\" (1980), and \"Samurai\" (1980).", "List of Sega arcade system boards __knowledge__ \"Sega Z80\" is an arcade system board that is named after the Zilog Z80 processor it uses as its main CPU.", "List of Sega arcade system boards __knowledge__ It released in 1980, with games such as \"Moon Cresta\", using a modified version of the Namco Galaxian system board.", "Namco Museum __knowledge__ The series began on the PlayStation with the tentatively named \"Namco Museum Volume 1\", indicating Namco's intent to make further installments of the series.", "Namco Museum __knowledge__ The series ran until Volume 5 on the PlayStation, covering various games from the late 1980s, before moving onto the Nintendo 64, all of the major sixth generation and seventh generation consoles, Windows PC, and Nintendo Switch.", "Namco Museum __knowledge__ There are six different volumes available for the PlayStation, including one (\"Namco Museum Encore\") that was released only in Japan.", "Namco Museum __knowledge__ When Namco unveiled Volume 5 at the November 1996 PlayStation Expo, it was announced that it would be the final volume in the series, hence why the sixth volume was titled \"Encore\"." ] ]

[ 16, 48, 16, 58, 54 ]

[ "Yeah they are fun! Runescape has been around since 2001!", "wow! i played for a couple years. over 200 million game accounts have been created.", "wow! too bad. do you like any other online video games?", "nice! i like the old arcade games from the 1980s like pacman.", "Nice! In fact, there's a rock band based out of Denver that is called \"Mr. Pacman\" !" ]

[ "Live action role-playing game", "Live action role-playing game", "Live action role-playing game", "Live action role-playing game", "Live action role-playing game" ]

[ "German Shepherd\nI love dogs - German Shepherds are my favorite! I own 4! Are you a dog person?", "Really? I didn't know that! I wonder who discovered them? They are so affectionate!", "Mine love to try to herd the cats and the kids. They are so gentle with both, it's amazing. ", "I have seen a lot used as police dogs. I thought because of their sense of smell.", "Rottweilers scare me, though! I've never heard of Belgian Malinois?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is the second-most registered breed by the American Kennel Club and seventh-most registered breed by The Kennel Club in the United Kingdom.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are medium to large-sized dogs.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed standard height at the withers is for males, and for females.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are longer than tall, with an ideal proportion of 10 to 8 1/2.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The AKC official breed standard does not set a standard weight range.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ They have a domed forehead, a long square-cut muzzle with strong jaws and a black nose.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ The Taiwan Dog () is a breed or landrace of small or medium dog indigenous to Taiwan.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ These dogs are also known as Taiwanese Canis, Taiwanese Native Dog () or Takasago Dog ().", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ They are well-adapted to the uneven and thickly forested terrain of Taiwan, having become a semi-wild breed prior to the arrival of several colonial reigns and foreign powers.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ Notwithstanding these adaptations, Formosans retained the potential to be trained, and are now used as hunting dogs, guard dogs, stunt dogs, rescue dogs, or simply as companions.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ Formosans are classified into one medium type and two small types.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ However, now the pureblood Formosan Mountain Dog is edging closer to extinction, due to limited conservation efforts of the Taiwanese and their government.", "Service dog __knowledge__ A service dog is a type of assistance dog specifically trained to help people who have disabilities, such as visual impairment, hearing impairments, mental illnesses (such as post traumatic stress disorder), seizure disorder, mobility impairment, and diabetes.", "Service dog __knowledge__ Desirable character traits in service animals typically include good temperament or psychological make-up (including biddability and trainability) and good health (including physical structure and stamina).", "Service dog __knowledge__ Some service dogs are bred and trained by service dog organizations, while others are bred by breeders, and trained by private trainers or even the individuals with disabilities who will someday become their partners.", "Police dog __knowledge__ A police dog, known in some English-speaking countries as a \"K-9\" or \"K9\" (a homophone of \"canine\"), is a dog that is specifically trained to assist police and other law-enforcement personnel.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Their duties include: searching for drugs and explosives, locating missing people, finding crime scene evidence, and protecting their handlers.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Police dogs must remember several verbal cues and hand gestures.", "Police dog __knowledge__ The most commonly used breeds are the German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois and Rottweiler.", "Police dog __knowledge__ In many common law jurisdictions, the intentional injuring or killing of a police dog is a felony.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Dogs have been used in law enforcement since the Middle Ages.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ A wolfdog (also called a wolf–dog hybrid or wolf hybrid) is a canid hybrid resulting from the hybridization of a domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") to one of four other \"Canis\" sub-species, the gray (\"Canis lupus\"), eastern timber (\"Canis lycaon\"), red (\"Canis rufus\"), and Ethiopian wolves (\"Canis simensis\").", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Intra-hybridization between dogs and other subspecies of gray wolves are the most common wolfdogs since dogs and gray wolves are considered the same species, are genetically very close, and have shared vast portions of their ranges for millennia.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Such hybridization in the wild have been detected in many populations scattered throughout Europe and North America, usually occurring in areas where wolf populations have declined from human impacts and persecutions.", "Dog training __knowledge__ Dog training is the application of behavior analysis which uses the environmental events of antecedents and consequences to modify the behavior of a dog, either for it to assist in specific activities or undertake particular tasks, or for it to participate effectively in contemporary domestic life.", "Dog training __knowledge__ While training dogs for specific roles dates back to Roman times at least, the training of dogs to be compatible household pets developed with suburbanization in the 1950s.", "Dog training __knowledge__ A dog learns from interactions it has with its environment.", "Dog training __knowledge__ This can be through classical conditioning, where it forms an association between two stimuli; non-associative learning, where its behavior is modified through habituation or sensitisation; and operant conditioning, where it forms an association between an antecedent and its consequence." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is the second-most registered breed by the American Kennel Club and seventh-most registered breed by The Kennel Club in the United Kingdom.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are medium to large-sized dogs.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed standard height at the withers is for males, and for females.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are longer than tall, with an ideal proportion of 10 to 8 1/2.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The AKC official breed standard does not set a standard weight range.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ They have a domed forehead, a long square-cut muzzle with strong jaws and a black nose.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Hawkgirl __knowledge__ Hawkgirl is the name of several fictional superheroines appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Hawkgirl __knowledge__ The original Hawkgirl, Shiera Sanders Hall, was created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Dennis Neville, and first appeared in \"Flash Comics\" #1 (January 1940).", "Hawkgirl __knowledge__ Shayera Hol was created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Joe Kubert, and first appeared in \"The Brave and the Bold\" #34 (March 1961).", "Hawkgirl __knowledge__ Kendra Saunders was created by writer David S. Goyer and artist Stephen Sadowski, and first appeared in \"JSA Secret Files and Origins\" #1 (August 1999).", "Hawkgirl __knowledge__ One of DC's earliest super-heroines, Hawkgirl has appeared in many of the company's flagship team-up titles including Justice Society of America and Justice League of America.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Stevland Hardaway Morris (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins; May 13, 1950), known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ A child prodigy, he is considered to be one of the most critically and commercially successful musical performers of the late 20th century.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Wonder signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, and he continued performing and recording for Motown into the 2010s.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ He has been blind since shortly after birth.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Among Wonder's works are singles such as \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\", \"Superstition\", \"Sir Duke\", \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" and \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\"; and albums such as \"Talking Book\", \"Innervisions\" and \"Songs in the Key of Life\".", "Michael Chabon __knowledge__ Michael Chabon ( ; born May 24, 1963) is an American novelist and short story writer.", "Michael Chabon __knowledge__ Chabon's first novel, \"The Mysteries of Pittsburgh\" (1988), was published when he was 25.", "Michael Chabon __knowledge__ He followed it with \"Wonder Boys\" (1995), and two short-story collections.", "Michael Chabon __knowledge__ In 2000, Chabon published \"The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay\", a novel that John Leonard, in a 2007 review of a later novel, called Chabon's magnum opus.", "Michael Chabon __knowledge__ It received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 2001 (see: 2001 in literature).", "Michael Chabon __knowledge__ His novel \"The Yiddish Policemen's Union\", an alternate history mystery novel, was published in 2007 and won the Hugo, Sidewise, Nebula and Ignotus awards; his serialized novel \"Gentlemen of the Road\" appeared in book form in the fall of that same year.", "Hippolyta (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Queen Hippolyta is a fictional DC Comics superhero, based on the Amazon queen Hippolyta from Greek mythology.", "Hippolyta (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Introduced in 1941 during the Golden Age of Comic Books, she is the mother of Wonder Woman and Donna Troy, and queen of the Amazons of Themyscira.", "Hippolyta (DC Comics) __knowledge__ The character Hippolyta (initially spelled \"Hippolyte\") first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941) in the same story that introduced her daughter, Princess Diana, known as Wonder Woman.", "Hippolyta (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Created by writer William Moulton Marston and artist Harry G. Peter, this original version of the character is a brunette like Diana.", "Hippolyta (DC Comics) __knowledge__ In the story, Hippolyte and the Amazons once resided in \"Amazonia\" in the days of ancient Greece, until they were beguiled and bested by the demi-god Hercules, who had been inspired by the God of War Mars, to go after her.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the American animated children's television series, \"Wonder Pets!\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ It debuted on March 3, 2006, on the Nick Jr. block of the Nickelodeon cable television network and Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on December 27, 2006.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ 1.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ Save the Dolphin!/Save the Chimp!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Air Date 9/18/06) The Wonder Pets travel to Hawaii to save a baby dolphin caught in a fishing net who is in danger of drowning.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The Wonder Pets rig their Flyboat for space travel and head for the stars to rescue a baby chimp whose spaceship is about to be hit by a meteor!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Fact: Christine Ka'aloa plays the mother dolphin in this first episode.)", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd emerged from white-coat lines of the German Shepherd dog in Canada and the United States and from European imports.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd and the white German Shepherd are the same dog, though their coat colors vary.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd breed was officially recognized by the United Kennel Club on April 14, 1999.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ In German Shepherds, the recessive gene for white coat hair was cast in the breed gene pool by the late 19th and early 20th century breeding program that developed and expanded the German Shepherd Dog breed in Germany.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ A white herding dog named Greif was the grandfather of Horand von Grafrath, the dog acknowledged as the foundation of all contemporary German Shepherd bloodlines.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ Pedigree Dogs Exposed is a BBC One investigative documentary, produced by Jemima Harrison, which looks into health and welfare issues facing pedigree dogs in the United Kingdom.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It was originally broadcast on 19 August 2008.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The Kennel Club (KC), the governing body of pedigree dogs in the UK which runs the prestigious dog breed show Crufts, was criticised for allowing breed standards, judging standards and breeding practices to compromise the health of .", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The programme generated much criticism of the Kennel Club.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It also caused various sponsors and trade exhibitors to withdraw their participation from Crufts and other Kennel Club events.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a \"red\" or \"blue\" dog.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ A wolfdog (also called a wolf–dog hybrid or wolf hybrid) is a canid hybrid resulting from the hybridization of a domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") to one of four other \"Canis\" sub-species, the gray (\"Canis lupus\"), eastern timber (\"Canis lycaon\"), red (\"Canis rufus\"), and Ethiopian wolves (\"Canis simensis\").", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Intra-hybridization between dogs and other subspecies of gray wolves are the most common wolfdogs since dogs and gray wolves are considered the same species, are genetically very close, and have shared vast portions of their ranges for millennia.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Such hybridization in the wild have been detected in many populations scattered throughout Europe and North America, usually occurring in areas where wolf populations have declined from human impacts and persecutions.", "Akita (dog) __knowledge__ The is a large breed of dog originating from the mountainous northern regions of Japan.", "Akita (dog) __knowledge__ There are two separate varieties of Akita: a \"Japanese\" strain, commonly called \"Akita Ken\" in Japan, \"Akita Inu\" (\"inu\" means \"dog\" in Japanese), or \"Japanese Akita\"; and an \"American\" strain, known as the \"Akita\" or \"American Akita\".", "Akita (dog) __knowledge__ The Japanese strain called the Akita Inu comes in a narrow palette of colors, with all other colors considered atypical of the breed, while the American strain known simply as the Akita comes in all dog colors.", "Akita (dog) __knowledge__ The Akita has a short double-coat similar to that of many other northern spitz breeds such as the Siberian Husky, but long-coated dogs can be found in many litters due to a recessive gene.", "Police dog __knowledge__ A police dog, known in some English-speaking countries as a \"K-9\" or \"K9\" (a homophone of \"canine\"), is a dog that is specifically trained to assist police and other law-enforcement personnel.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Their duties include: searching for drugs and explosives, locating missing people, finding crime scene evidence, and protecting their handlers.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Police dogs must remember several verbal cues and hand gestures.", "Police dog __knowledge__ The most commonly used breeds are the German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois and Rottweiler.", "Police dog __knowledge__ In many common law jurisdictions, the intentional injuring or killing of a police dog is a felony.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Dogs have been used in law enforcement since the Middle Ages." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is the second-most registered breed by the American Kennel Club and seventh-most registered breed by The Kennel Club in the United Kingdom.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are medium to large-sized dogs.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed standard height at the withers is for males, and for females.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are longer than tall, with an ideal proportion of 10 to 8 1/2.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The AKC official breed standard does not set a standard weight range.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ They have a domed forehead, a long square-cut muzzle with strong jaws and a black nose.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters in the \"Ice Age\" films, mentioned by a name either presented in the films or in any other official material.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ Manfred \"Manny\", is a woolly mammoth, in all five \"Ice Age\" films.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ His personality is shown to be aloof, grumpy, and standoffish, but is otherwise loving and courageous.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ In the first film, while passing through the icy cave, the herd discovers cave paintings of Manny with his wife and child, who were killed by humans; this is a very sentimental moment for Manny, since he failed to protect them.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ At the end of the film, Manny and Sid return Roshan to the neanderthals with an injured Diego trailing behind them.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ Warriors is a series of novels published by HarperCollins; it is written by authors Kate Cary, Cherith Baldry, Tui Sutherland, with the plot developed by editor Victoria Holmes, who collectively use the pseudonym Erin Hunter.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ The series follows the adventures of four Clans of wild cats—ThunderClan, ShadowClan, WindClan, and RiverClan —in their forest and lake homes, who look up to StarClan, their warriors ancestors, and spirits in the stars, who guide the four clans.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ SkyClan, the long-forgotten fifth Clan of the forest, is later introduced in the stand-alone novel \"Firestar's Quest\".", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ It receives additional focus in the novel \"SkyClan's Destiny\", the manga trilogy \"SkyClan and the Stranger\", and the 2013 novella \"Cloudstar's Journey\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ The Phantom Stallion books, first published in 2002 by Avon Books, are a series written for young adult readers by American Terri Farley.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ The main character is a girl named Samantha \"Sam\" Forster who shares a unique bond with a wild horse called The Phantom Stallion.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ Having spent two years away from her family's Las Vegas, Nevada ranch to recover from a riding accident, Sam returns home to find that things are never easy where horses are concerned.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ There are 24 books in the series with one million copies sold worldwide.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ Almost every book has a new equine character as its focus and Sam and her friends battle horse thieves, cougars, earthquakes and more to keep their horses safe.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Trap-neuter-return (TNR) is a type of program through which free-roaming cats are trapped, sterilized (males are castrated and females undergo ovo-hysterectomies), and returned to the outdoor locations where they were found.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ If those locations are deemed unsafe or otherwise inappropriate, the cats may be relocated (barn/farmyard homes are often considered ideal).", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Kittens young enough to be socialized and friendly adult cats may be placed in foster care for eventual adoption into homes as companion animals rather than returned to the outdoors.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Cats found suffering with terminal, untreatable, and/or contagious illnesses or injuries are often euthanized.", "Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana __knowledge__ Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana (7 August 1900 - 20 January 1975) () was a Punjabi statesman, army officer, and landowner who served as the Unionist Premier of the Punjab between 1942 to 1947.", "Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana __knowledge__ Khizar was born at Chak Muzaffarabad, in the district of Sargodha, Punjab in 1900.", "Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana __knowledge__ He was born into the Tiwana family of Shahpur and his father Sir Umar Hayat Khan was a wealthy landowner and soldier who was an elected member of the Council of the Secretary of State for India.", "Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana __knowledge__ He was educated at Aitchison College in Lahore.", "Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana __knowledge__ At the age of 16 he volunteered for war service and was commissioned to the 17th Cavalry as a temporary honorary second lieutenant in the Indian Land Forces on 17 April 1918.", "Goat __knowledge__ The domestic goat (\"Capra aegagrus hircus\") is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.", "Goat __knowledge__ The goat is a member of the family Bovidae and is closely related to the sheep as both are in the goat-antelope subfamily Caprinae.", "Goat __knowledge__ There are over 300 distinct breeds of goat.", "Goat __knowledge__ Goats are one of the oldest domesticated species, and have been used for their milk, meat, hair, and skins over much of the world.", "Goat __knowledge__ In 2011, there were more than 924 million live goats around the globe, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.", "Goat __knowledge__ Female goats are referred to as \"does\" or \"nannies\", intact males are called \"bucks\" or \"billies\" and juveniles of both sexes are called \"kids\".", "Alpaca __knowledge__ The alpaca (\"Vicugna pacos\") is a domesticated species of South American camelid.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are similar to llamas, and are often confused with them.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ The two animals are closely related, and can successfully cross-breed.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ They are also closely related to the vicuña, which is believed to be the alpaca's wild ancestor, and to the guanaco.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ There are two breeds of alpaca: the and the Huacaya alpaca.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are kept in herds that graze on the level heights of the Andes of southern Peru, western Bolivia, Ecuador, and northern Chile at an altitude of to above sea level, throughout the year.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are considerably smaller than llamas, and unlike llamas, they were not bred to be beasts of burden, but were bred specifically for their fiber.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Horse breeding is reproduction in horses, and particularly the human-directed process of selective breeding of animals, particularly purebred horses of a given breed.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Planned matings can be used to produce specifically desired characteristics in domesticated horses.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Furthermore, modern breeding management and technologies can increase the rate of conception, a healthy pregnancy, and successful foaling.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ The male parent of a horse, a stallion, is commonly known as the \"sire\" and the female parent, the mare, is called the \"dam\".", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Both are genetically important, as each parent provides half of the genetic makeup of the ensuing offspring, called a foal.", "Merino __knowledge__ The Merino is an economically influential breed of sheep prized for its wool.", "Merino __knowledge__ The breed originated in Southwestern Iberia (Extremadura, Spain), but the modern Merino was domesticated in New Zealand and Australia.", "Merino __knowledge__ Today, Merinos are still regarded as having some of the finest and softest wool of any sheep.", "Merino __knowledge__ Poll Merinos have no horns (or very small stubs, known as scurs), and horned Merino rams have long, spiral horns which grow close to the head.", "Merino __knowledge__ Two suggested origins for the Spanish word \"merino\" are: The Merino is an excellent forager and very adaptable.", "Merino __knowledge__ It is bred predominantly for its wool, and its carcass size is generally smaller than that of sheep bred for meat.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousin cattle are a breed of highly muscled beef cattle originating from the Limousin and Marche regions of France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The breed is known as in France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousins were first exported from France in significant numbers in the 1960s and are now present in about 70 countries.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ They are naturally horned and have a distinctive lighter wheat to darker golden-red colouring, although international breeders have now bred polled (do not have horns) and black Limousins.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Initially used mainly as draft animals, interest in Limousins as a source of high quality meat grew about two hundred years ago.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The first Limousin herd book was then established in France in 1886 to ensure the breed's purity and improvement by only recording and breeding animals that satisfied a strictly enforced breed standard." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is the second-most registered breed by the American Kennel Club and seventh-most registered breed by The Kennel Club in the United Kingdom.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are medium to large-sized dogs.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed standard height at the withers is for males, and for females.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are longer than tall, with an ideal proportion of 10 to 8 1/2.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The AKC official breed standard does not set a standard weight range.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ They have a domed forehead, a long square-cut muzzle with strong jaws and a black nose.", "Police dog __knowledge__ A police dog, known in some English-speaking countries as a \"K-9\" or \"K9\" (a homophone of \"canine\"), is a dog that is specifically trained to assist police and other law-enforcement personnel.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Their duties include: searching for drugs and explosives, locating missing people, finding crime scene evidence, and protecting their handlers.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Police dogs must remember several verbal cues and hand gestures.", "Police dog __knowledge__ The most commonly used breeds are the German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois and Rottweiler.", "Police dog __knowledge__ In many common law jurisdictions, the intentional injuring or killing of a police dog is a felony.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Dogs have been used in law enforcement since the Middle Ages.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ Dogs in warfare have a long history starting in ancient times.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ From war dogs trained in combat to their use as scouts, sentries and trackers, their uses have been varied and some continue to exist in modern military usage.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ War dogs were used by the Egyptians, Greeks, Persians, Sarmatians, Baganda, Alans, Slavs, Britons, and the Romans.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ The Molossus dog of the Molossia region of Epirus was the strongest known to the Romans, and was specifically trained for battle.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ Among the Greeks and Romans, dogs served most often as sentries or patrols, though they were sometimes taken into battle.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ The earliest use of war dogs in a battle recorded in classical sources was by Alyattes of Lydia against the Cimmerians around 600 BC.", "Dog training __knowledge__ Dog training is the application of behavior analysis which uses the environmental events of antecedents and consequences to modify the behavior of a dog, either for it to assist in specific activities or undertake particular tasks, or for it to participate effectively in contemporary domestic life.", "Dog training __knowledge__ While training dogs for specific roles dates back to Roman times at least, the training of dogs to be compatible household pets developed with suburbanization in the 1950s.", "Dog training __knowledge__ A dog learns from interactions it has with its environment.", "Dog training __knowledge__ This can be through classical conditioning, where it forms an association between two stimuli; non-associative learning, where its behavior is modified through habituation or sensitisation; and operant conditioning, where it forms an association between an antecedent and its consequence.", "Shock collar __knowledge__ The term shock collar is a term used in order to describe a family of training collars (also called e-collars, Ecollars, remote training collars, Zap collars, or electronic collars) that deliver electrical shocks of varying intensity and duration to the neck of a dog (they can also be applied to other places on the dog's body, to achieve various training effects) via a radio-controlled electronic device incorporated into a dog collar.", "Shock collar __knowledge__ Some collar models also include a tone or vibrational setting, as an alternative to or in conjunction with the shock.", "Shock collar __knowledge__ Others include integration with Internet mapping capabilities and GPS to locate the dog or alert an owner of his/her whereabouts.", "Police brutality __knowledge__ Police brutality is one of several forms of police misconduct which involves undue violence by police members.", "Police brutality __knowledge__ Widespread police brutality exists in many countries and territories, even those that prosecute it.", "Police brutality __knowledge__ Although illegal, it can be performed under the color of law.", "Police brutality __knowledge__ The term \"police brutality\" was in use in the American press as early as 1872, when the \"Chicago Tribune\" reported on the beating of a civilian under arrest at the Harrison Street Police Station.", "Police brutality __knowledge__ The origin of 'modern' policing based on the authority off the nation state is commonly traced back to developments in seventeenth and 18th century France, with modern police departments being established in most nations by the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ A wolfdog (also called a wolf–dog hybrid or wolf hybrid) is a canid hybrid resulting from the hybridization of a domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") to one of four other \"Canis\" sub-species, the gray (\"Canis lupus\"), eastern timber (\"Canis lycaon\"), red (\"Canis rufus\"), and Ethiopian wolves (\"Canis simensis\").", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Intra-hybridization between dogs and other subspecies of gray wolves are the most common wolfdogs since dogs and gray wolves are considered the same species, are genetically very close, and have shared vast portions of their ranges for millennia.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Such hybridization in the wild have been detected in many populations scattered throughout Europe and North America, usually occurring in areas where wolf populations have declined from human impacts and persecutions.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade.", "Swedish Police Authority __knowledge__ The Swedish Police Authority () is the central administrative authority for the police in Sweden, responsible for law enforcement, general social order and public safety within the country.", "Swedish Police Authority __knowledge__ The agency is headed by the National Police Commissioner, who is appointed by the Government and has the sole responsibility for all activities of the police.", "Swedish Police Authority __knowledge__ Although formally organised under the Ministry of Justice, the Swedish police is—similar to other authorities in Sweden—essentially autonomous, in accordance with the constitution.", "Swedish Police Authority __knowledge__ The agency is governed by general policy instruments and is subject to a number of sanctions and oversight functions, to ensure that the exercise of public authority is in compliance with regulations.", "List of The Bill characters (A–D) __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the police procedural British television series, \"The Bill\".", "List of The Bill characters (A–D) __knowledge__ The fictional characters displayed here are ordered alphabetically by character surname.", "List of The Bill characters (A–D) __knowledge__ For a full list of current characters ordered by rank, see list of \"The Bill\" characters.", "List of The Bill characters (A–D) __knowledge__ The characters are all police officers or civil support staff operating from the fictional Sun Hill Police Station within the London borough of Canley, London.", "List of The Bill characters (A–D) __knowledge__ Police Constable Timothy Able never settled into life at Sun Hill.", "List of The Bill characters (A–D) __knowledge__ Born in Bromley, he was the youngest of three brothers, and had an ambition to be a car mechanic.", "List of The Bill characters (A–D) __knowledge__ His mother worked in a sportswear shop, and his father as a train driver.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Auxiliary police __knowledge__ Auxiliary police, also called special police, are usually the part-time reserves of a regular police force.", "Auxiliary police __knowledge__ They may be armed or unarmed.", "Auxiliary police __knowledge__ They may be unpaid volunteers or paid members of the police service with which they are affiliated.", "Auxiliary police __knowledge__ In most jurisdictions, auxiliary police officers are empowered to make arrests for crimes that occur in their presence.", "Auxiliary police __knowledge__ The Australian Federal Police can appoint Special Members who do not have full police powers.", "Auxiliary police __knowledge__ Special Members are generally recruited locally to perform regulatory and administrative duties, but also perform some community policing duties in location such as Norfolk Island, Christmas Island and Jervis Bay Territory.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the police drama \"The Bill\" ordered alphabetically by character surname.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ For a full list of characters ordered by rank, see list of \"The Bill\" characters.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ The characters are all police officers or civilian staff at the fictional Sun Hill police station in London.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ PC Francis \"Taffy\" Edwards was known as the 'thin streak of Welsh misery'.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ A quiet country boy who hailed from a poor farming family near Bangor, he sometimes struggled to adapt to city life.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ Edwards was extremely lazy, often thinking up ingenious ways to avoid having to do serious work – but he had an infectious charm and was popular amongst the relief." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is the second-most registered breed by the American Kennel Club and seventh-most registered breed by The Kennel Club in the United Kingdom.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are medium to large-sized dogs.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed standard height at the withers is for males, and for females.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are longer than tall, with an ideal proportion of 10 to 8 1/2.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The AKC official breed standard does not set a standard weight range.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ They have a domed forehead, a long square-cut muzzle with strong jaws and a black nose.", "Malinois dog __knowledge__ The Malinois is a medium-to-large breed of dog, sometimes classified as a variety of the Belgian Shepherd dog rather than as a separate breed.", "Malinois dog __knowledge__ The name \"Malinois\" is derived from Malines, the French name for the breed's Flemish city of origin, Mechelen.", "Malinois dog __knowledge__ The breed is used as a working dog for tasks including detection of odors such as explosives, accelerants (for arson investigation), and narcotics; tracking humans for suspect apprehension in police work; and search and rescue missions.", "Malinois dog __knowledge__ The U.S. Secret Service uses Belgian Malinois to guard the grounds of the White House.", "Malinois dog __knowledge__ The Malinois is a medium-to-large and square-proportioned dog in the sheepdog family.", "Police dog __knowledge__ A police dog, known in some English-speaking countries as a \"K-9\" or \"K9\" (a homophone of \"canine\"), is a dog that is specifically trained to assist police and other law-enforcement personnel.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Their duties include: searching for drugs and explosives, locating missing people, finding crime scene evidence, and protecting their handlers.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Police dogs must remember several verbal cues and hand gestures.", "Police dog __knowledge__ The most commonly used breeds are the German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois and Rottweiler.", "Police dog __knowledge__ In many common law jurisdictions, the intentional injuring or killing of a police dog is a felony.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Dogs have been used in law enforcement since the Middle Ages.", "Rottweiler __knowledge__ The Rottweiler ( or , ) is a breed of domestic dog, regarded as medium-to-large or large.", "Rottweiler __knowledge__ The dogs were known in German as , meaning Rottweil butchers' dogs, because their main use was to herd livestock and pull carts laden with butchered meat to market.", "Rottweiler __knowledge__ This continued until the mid-19th century when railways replaced droving.", "Rottweiler __knowledge__ Although still used to herd stock in many parts of the world, Rottweilers are now also used as search and rescue dogs, as guard dogs and police dogs.", "Rottweiler __knowledge__ The Rottweiler is one of the oldest of herding breeds.", "Rottweiler __knowledge__ With a history possibly dating back to the Roman Empire, the Rottweiler may be a descendant of ancient Roman drover dogs; a mastiff-type dog that was a dependable, rugged dog with great intelligence and guarding instincts.", "Belgian Shepherd __knowledge__ The Belgian Shepherd (also known as the Belgian Sheepdog or Chien de Berger Belge) is a breed of medium-to-large-sized herding dog.", "Belgian Shepherd __knowledge__ It originated in Belgium and is similar to other sheep herding dogs from that region, including the Dutch Shepherd, the German Shepherd, the Briard, and others.", "Belgian Shepherd __knowledge__ Four types have been identified by various registries as separate breeds or varieties: Groenendael, Laekenois, Tervuren, and Malinois.", "Belgian Shepherd __knowledge__ In the late 1800s, a group of concerned dog fanciers under the guidance of Professor A. Reul of the Cureghem Veterinary Medical School gathered foundation stock from the areas around Tervuren, Groenendael, Mechelen, and Laeken in Belgium.", "CLEVNET __knowledge__ CLEVNET is a library consortium headquartered at Cleveland Public Library.", "CLEVNET __knowledge__ It was founded in 1982, and as of 2017, includes 43 public library systems in northeast Ohio.", "CLEVNET __knowledge__ CLEVNET provides access to more than 12 million titles of books, movies, music and e-books.", "CLEVNET __knowledge__ CLEVNET was also the headquarters for Ohio's virtual reference service, KnowItNow24x7, from 2001 to its closing in 2015.", "CLEVNET __knowledge__ The origins of CLEVNET date to the automation of Cleveland Public Library's card catalog in the late 1970s and early 1980s under Director Ervin Gaines in partnership with Data Research Associates (DRA).", "CLEVNET __knowledge__ In an effort to share the capabilities of the online catalog with other libraries, Director Gaines invited other area libraries to connect to the new technology.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Schutzhund (German for \"protection dog\") is a dog sport that was developed in Germany in the early 1900s as a breed suitability test for the German Shepherd breed.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ The test would determine if the dog displayed the appropriate traits and characteristics of a proper working German Shepherd.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Today, it is used as a sport where many breeds other than German Shepherd Dogs can compete, but it is such a demanding test that few dogs can pass.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Schutzhund tests dogs of all breeds for the traits necessary for police-type work.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Dogs that pass Schutzhund tests should be suitable for a wide variety of tasks: police work, specific odor detection, search and rescue, and many others.", "The Rottweilers __knowledge__ The Rottweilers were a professional wrestling stable in Ring of Honor led by Homicide.", "The Rottweilers __knowledge__ The Rottweilers were known for their disrespect towards the Code of Honor and often used cheap tactics to win matches.", "The Rottweilers __knowledge__ The Rottweilers started out as a stable to help Homicide feud with Steve Corino's stable, The Group.", "The Rottweilers __knowledge__ Initially, The Rottweilers were Homicide, Julius Smokes, Slugger, Grim Reefer, Bison, and Benny Blanco.", "The Rottweilers __knowledge__ However, this version of the stable gradually dwindled down to only Homicide and Smokes.", "The Rottweilers __knowledge__ At \"Reborn: Stage One\", Homicide challenged Samoa Joe for the ROH World Championship.", "The Rottweilers __knowledge__ During the match, the lights in the arena went out and Homicide threw a fireball at Joe, getting himself disqualified." ] ]

[ 4, 5, 6, 16, 13 ]

[ "Yes, I also love dogs. The German Shepherd is a new breed of dog, right? I think they have only been around since 1899.", "I'm not sure who discovered them, but I know they were bred specifically to herd sheep.", "They also are easily trained, obedient, and intelligent. Because of this, they are often used for disability assistance and for police work. ", "I'd imagine that was helpful too, especially as the other breeds used are Rottweilers and Belgian Malinois ", "The Malinois can also be referred to as a Belgian Shepherd. I believe they are very similar to German Shepherds." ]

[ "German Shepherd", "German Shepherd", "German Shepherd", "German Shepherd", "German Shepherd" ]

[ "Radiohead", "Oh radiohead are a classic band.", "oh really i actually didnt even know they were english" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Phil Selway (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single \"Creep\" in 1992.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, \"Pablo Honey\" (1993).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, \"The Bends\" (1995).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead's third album, \"OK Computer\" (1997), propelled them to international fame; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation, it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The group's next albums \"Kid A\" (2000) and \"Amnesiac\" (2001), recorded simultaneously, marked a dramatic change in style, incorporating influences from experimental electronic music, 20th-century classical music, krautrock, and jazz." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Phil Selway (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single \"Creep\" in 1992.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, \"Pablo Honey\" (1993).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, \"The Bends\" (1995).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead's third album, \"OK Computer\" (1997), propelled them to international fame; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation, it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The group's next albums \"Kid A\" (2000) and \"Amnesiac\" (2001), recorded simultaneously, marked a dramatic change in style, incorporating influences from experimental electronic music, 20th-century classical music, krautrock, and jazz.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ In Rainbows is the seventh studio album by English rock band Radiohead, self-released on 10 October 2007 as a pay-what-you-want download.", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ It was followed by a physical release internationally by XL Recordings on 3 December 2007 and in the United States on 1 January 2008 by TBD Records.", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ It was Radiohead's first release after their recording contract with EMI ended with their previous album \"Hail to the Thief\" (2003).", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ Radiohead worked on \"In Rainbows\" for more than two years, beginning in early 2005.", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ In mid-2006, after their initial recording sessions with new producer Spike Stent proved fruitless, the band toured Europe and North America performing \"In Rainbows\" material before re-enlisting their longtime producer Nigel Godrich.", "Radiohead live performances __knowledge__ Radiohead, an alternative rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, have had concerts and other live performances in Europe, North America, Australia, Asia and South America.", "Radiohead live performances __knowledge__ The band's line-up has been constant since its founding, consisting of Thom Yorke (vocals and guitar), Jonny Greenwood (guitar), Ed O'Brien (guitar), Colin Greenwood (bass guitar), and Phil Selway (drums).", "Radiohead live performances __knowledge__ The role that each band member plays during performances has changed dramatically throughout the band's history.", "Radiohead live performances __knowledge__ Radiohead formed under the name On a Friday in 1986 and performed local shows in the Oxford area under this name until 1991.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ A Moon Shaped Pool is the ninth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead, released digitally on 8 May 2016.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ CD and LP releases followed in June 2016 through XL Recordings.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ Radiohead recorded \"A Moon Shaped Pool\" in southern France with longtime producer Nigel Godrich.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ It features strings and choral vocals arranged by Radiohead guitarist Jonny Greenwood and performed by the London Contemporary Orchestra, and additional drumming from Clive Deamer, who performed with Radiohead on their 2012 \"King of Limbs\" tour.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ The artwork was created by singer Thom Yorke with longtime Radiohead collaborator Stanley Donwood, who created abstract works by leaving the canvases outside and allowing the weather to affect the paint.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ Thomas Edward Yorke (born 7 October 1968) is an English musician and composer best known as the singer and principal songwriter of the alternative rock band Radiohead.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ A multi-instrumentalist, Yorke mainly plays guitar and piano and works extensively with synthesisers, sequencers and programming.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ He is known for his falsetto vocals; in 2008, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked him the 66th greatest singer of all time.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ Yorke was born in 1968 in Northamptonshire.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ His family moved often before settling in Oxfordshire, where Yorke attended Abingdon School and formed Radiohead with his schoolmates.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ After he graduated from the University of Exeter, Radiohead signed to Parlophone; their early hit \"Creep\" made Yorke a celebrity, and Radiohead have gone on to achieve critical acclaim and sales of over 30 million albums.", "Kid A __knowledge__ Kid A is the fourth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead, released on 2 October 2000 by Parlophone.", "Kid A __knowledge__ After having suffered a mental breakdown promoting Radiohead's acclaimed 1997 album \"OK Computer\", songwriter Thom Yorke envisioned a radical change in direction.", "Kid A __knowledge__ The band replaced their rock sound with synthesisers, drum machines, the ondes Martenot, string orchestras and brass instruments, and incorporated influences from electronic music, krautrock, jazz, and 20th-century classical music.", "Kid A __knowledge__ They recorded \"Kid A\" with \"OK Computer\" producer Nigel Godrich in Paris, Copenhagen, Gloucestershire and their hometown Oxford, England.", "Abingdon-on-Thames __knowledge__ Abingdon-on-Thames , also known as Abingdon on Thames or just Abingdon, is a market town and civil parish in the ceremonial county of Oxfordshire, England.", "Abingdon-on-Thames __knowledge__ Historically the county town of Berkshire, since 1974 it has been the seat of the Vale of White Horse district within Oxfordshire.", "Abingdon-on-Thames __knowledge__ The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 33,130.", "Abingdon-on-Thames __knowledge__ This is 2,504 more than in the 2001 Census total of 30,626, and represents just over 8% growth in the population.", "Abingdon-on-Thames __knowledge__ Abingdon is south of Oxford, south-east of Witney and north of Newbury in the flat valley of the Thames on its west (right) bank, where the small river Ock flows in from the Vale of White Horse.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ Jonathan Richard Guy Greenwood (born 5 November 1971) is an English musician and the lead guitarist and keyboardist of the alternative rock band Radiohead.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ A multi-instrumentalist, Greenwood also plays instruments including the bass guitar, piano, viola, and drums, and is a prominent player of the ondes Martenot, an early electronic instrument.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He works with electronic techniques such as programming, sampling and looping, and writes music software used by Radiohead.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He described his role in the band as an arranger, helping to transform Thom Yorke's demos into full songs.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He has been named one of the greatest guitarists of all time by several publications." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Phil Selway (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single \"Creep\" in 1992.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, \"Pablo Honey\" (1993).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, \"The Bends\" (1995).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead's third album, \"OK Computer\" (1997), propelled them to international fame; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation, it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The group's next albums \"Kid A\" (2000) and \"Amnesiac\" (2001), recorded simultaneously, marked a dramatic change in style, incorporating influences from experimental electronic music, 20th-century classical music, krautrock, and jazz.", "Graffiti (Chris Brown album) __knowledge__ Graffiti is the third studio album by American singer Chris Brown.", "Graffiti (Chris Brown album) __knowledge__ It was released on December 7, 2009, by Jive Records.", "Graffiti (Chris Brown album) __knowledge__ The album serves as a follow-up to his previous album \"Exclusive\" (2007).", "Graffiti (Chris Brown album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions took place from 2008 to 2009, with these several record producers, including Polow da Don, Swizz Beatz, The Runners and Brian Kennedy, among others.", "Graffiti (Chris Brown album) __knowledge__ Primarily an R&B and pop outing, \"Graffiti\" incorporates elements of hip hop music with synthesizers.", "Graffiti (Chris Brown album) __knowledge__ The album debuted at number seven on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 102,489 copies in its first week.", "Graffiti (Chris Brown album) __knowledge__ By March 2011, had sold 341,000 copies in the US.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement is a defence procurement project of the Canadian government to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), a process started in 1997.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The F-35 procurement has been a source of considerable controversy in public policy circles in Canada since the federal government announced its intention to purchase the aircraft in 2010.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ In April 2012, with the release of a highly critical Auditor General of Canada report on the failures of the government's F-35 program, the procurement was labelled a national \"scandal\" and \"fiasco\" by the media.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ \"I Am Unicorn\" is the second episode of the third season of the American musical television series \"Glee\", and the forty-sixth overall.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ The episode was written by series co-creator Ryan Murphy, directed by series co-creator Brad Falchuk, and first aired on September 27, 2011 on Fox in the United States.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ It features the return of Shelby Corcoran (Idina Menzel) to the show to direct a rival glee club at William McKinley High even while New Directions, the current club, is having trouble recruiting members.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ Shelby also wants Quinn (Dianna Agron) and Puck (Mark Salling), the biological parents of her adopted daughter Beth, to be a part of Beth's life.", "Panik (band) __knowledge__ Panik is a rock band from Neumünster, Germany, that was established in 2002 under the name Pan!k.", "Panik (band) __knowledge__ This band consisted of David Bonk (guitar, vocals), Timo \"T:Mo\" Sonnenschein (rap/vocals), Jan Werner (DJ) and Max Böhlen (drums).", "Panik (band) __knowledge__ With the addition of Frank \"Franky\" Ziegler (vocals), Christian Linke (bass guitar) and replacement of Max Böhlen with Juri Schewe on drums, the band changed its name to Nevada Tan in 2007 and released its first studio album Niemand Hört Dich to commercial success in Germany.", "Panik (band) __knowledge__ On January 20, 2008, Nevada Tan announced that they had officially changed their name to Panik due to difficulties with the management, resulting in switch from Universal Records to Vertigo Records.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Titus Andronicus __knowledge__ Titus Andronicus is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1588 and 1593, probably in collaboration with George Peele.", "Titus Andronicus __knowledge__ It is thought to be Shakespeare's first tragedy, and is often seen as his attempt to emulate the violent and bloody revenge plays of his contemporaries, which were extremely popular with audiences throughout the 16th century.", "Titus Andronicus __knowledge__ The play is set during the latter days of the Roman Empire and tells the fictional story of Titus, a general in the Roman army, who is engaged in a cycle of revenge with Tamora, Queen of the Goths.", "Titus Andronicus __knowledge__ It is Shakespeare's bloodiest and most violent work, and traditionally was one of his least respected plays; although it was extremely popular in its day, by the later 17th century it had fallen out of favour.", "Race and ethnicity in the United States __knowledge__ The United States has a racially and ethnically diverse population.", "Race and ethnicity in the United States __knowledge__ The United States Census officially recognizes six racial categories: White American, Black or African American, Indian and Alaska Native, Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and people of two or more races; a category called \"some other race\" is also used in the census and other surveys, but is not official.", "Race and ethnicity in the United States __knowledge__ The United States Census Bureau also classifies Americans as \"Hispanic or Latino\" and \"Not Hispanic or Latino\", which identifies Hispanic and Latino Americans as an \"ethnicity\" (not a \"race\") distinct from others, and comprising the largest minority group in the nation.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ Jonathan Richard Guy Greenwood (born 5 November 1971) is an English musician and the lead guitarist and keyboardist of the alternative rock band Radiohead.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ A multi-instrumentalist, Greenwood also plays instruments including the bass guitar, piano, viola, and drums, and is a prominent player of the ondes Martenot, an early electronic instrument.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He works with electronic techniques such as programming, sampling and looping, and writes music software used by Radiohead.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He described his role in the band as an arranger, helping to transform Thom Yorke's demos into full songs.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He has been named one of the greatest guitarists of all time by several publications.", "Radiohead live performances __knowledge__ Radiohead, an alternative rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, have had concerts and other live performances in Europe, North America, Australia, Asia and South America.", "Radiohead live performances __knowledge__ The band's line-up has been constant since its founding, consisting of Thom Yorke (vocals and guitar), Jonny Greenwood (guitar), Ed O'Brien (guitar), Colin Greenwood (bass guitar), and Phil Selway (drums).", "Radiohead live performances __knowledge__ The role that each band member plays during performances has changed dramatically throughout the band's history.", "Radiohead live performances __knowledge__ Radiohead formed under the name On a Friday in 1986 and performed local shows in the Oxford area under this name until 1991.", "Kid A __knowledge__ Kid A is the fourth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead, released on 2 October 2000 by Parlophone.", "Kid A __knowledge__ After having suffered a mental breakdown promoting Radiohead's acclaimed 1997 album \"OK Computer\", songwriter Thom Yorke envisioned a radical change in direction.", "Kid A __knowledge__ The band replaced their rock sound with synthesisers, drum machines, the ondes Martenot, string orchestras and brass instruments, and incorporated influences from electronic music, krautrock, jazz, and 20th-century classical music.", "Kid A __knowledge__ They recorded \"Kid A\" with \"OK Computer\" producer Nigel Godrich in Paris, Copenhagen, Gloucestershire and their hometown Oxford, England.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ \"Paranoid Android\" is a song by the English alternative rock band Radiohead, released as the lead single from their third studio album \"OK Computer\" (1997) on 26 May 1997.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ The darkly humorous lyrics were written primarily by singer Thom Yorke following an unpleasant experience in a Los Angeles bar.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ The song is more than six minutes long and contains four distinct sections.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ \"Paranoid Android\" takes its name from Marvin the Paranoid Android of Douglas Adams' \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\" series.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ Released as the lead single from \"OK Computer\", \"Paranoid Android\" charted at number three on the UK Singles Chart.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ Thomas Edward Yorke (born 7 October 1968) is an English musician and composer best known as the singer and principal songwriter of the alternative rock band Radiohead.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ A multi-instrumentalist, Yorke mainly plays guitar and piano and works extensively with synthesisers, sequencers and programming.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ He is known for his falsetto vocals; in 2008, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked him the 66th greatest singer of all time.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ Yorke was born in 1968 in Northamptonshire.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ His family moved often before settling in Oxfordshire, where Yorke attended Abingdon School and formed Radiohead with his schoolmates.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ After he graduated from the University of Exeter, Radiohead signed to Parlophone; their early hit \"Creep\" made Yorke a celebrity, and Radiohead have gone on to achieve critical acclaim and sales of over 30 million albums." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Have you heard of Radiohead before?. Well, they are an English rock band from Abingdon, ", "Thom Yorke , Ed O'Brien ,Phil Selway, brothers Jonny and olin Greenwood make up the band", "Their producer Nigel Godrich have been with them for long, since 1994" ]

[ "Radiohead", "Radiohead", "Radiohead" ]

[ "Cape Hatteras\nHowdy there. i live in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina in a lighthouse.", "I am near there. it rains a lot here, so i just stay in the lighthouse and surf the internet. I like making new friends.", "I stay in the lighthouse, so i'm not going down with the ship. You own a boat, skipper?", "LOL. It mainly guides me to the internet. The heyday of lighthouses is now past. Today, it seems like all boats have GPS. Except the dinghys, and nobody is concerned with them. ", "Oh, i am sure there are some galleons on the bottom of the ocean that are full of gold coins, but i will never find them. I stay close to my heater and the World Wide Web. I'm really just a caretaker, i guess you would say. So you are an expert on Cape Hatteras, huh?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Cape Hatteras is a thin, broken strand of islands that arch out into the Atlantic Ocean away from the US mainland, then back toward the mainland, creating a series of sheltered islands between the Outer Banks and the mainland.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ For thousands of years these barrier islands have survived onslaughts of wind and sea.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Long stretches of beach, sand dunes, marshes, and maritime forests create a unique environment where wind and waves shape the topography.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ A large area of the Outer Banks is part of a National Park, called the Cape Hatteras National Seashore.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ It is also the nearest landmass on the US mainland to Bermuda, which is about to the east-southeast.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ The treacherous waters off the coast of the Outer Banks is known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, Over 600 ships wrecked here as victims of shallow shoals, storms, and war.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Diamond Shoals, a bank of shifting sand ridges hidden beneath the turbulent sea off Cape Hatteras, has never promised safe passage for ships.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ In the past 400 years the graveyard has claimed many lives, but island villagers saved many.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ As early as the 1870s, villagers served in the US Life-Saving Service.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Others staffed lighthouses built to guide mariners.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Few ships wreck today, but storms still uncover the ruins of the old wrecks that lie along the beaches of the Outer Banks.", "Cape Hatteras Light __knowledge__ Cape Hatteras Light is a lighthouse located on Hatteras Island in the Outer Banks in the town of Buxton, North Carolina and is part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore.", "Cape Hatteras Light __knowledge__ The Outer Banks are a group of barrier islands on the North Carolina coast that separate the Atlantic Ocean from the coastal sounds and inlets.", "Cape Hatteras Light __knowledge__ Atlantic currents in this area made for excellent travel for ships, except in the area of Diamond Shoals, just offshore at Cape Hatteras.", "Cape Hatteras Light __knowledge__ Nearby, the warm Gulf Stream ocean current collides with the colder Labrador Current, creating ideal conditions for powerful ocean storms and sea swells.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ Hurricane Emily in 1993 caused record flooding in the Outer Banks of North Carolina while remaining just offshore.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ The fifth named storm and the first and strongest hurricane of the year's hurricane season, Emily developed from a tropical wave northeast of the Lesser Antilles on August 22.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ It moved northwestward and strengthened into a tropical storm on August 25, after becoming nearly stationary southeast of Bermuda.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ Emily then curved to the southwest but quickly resumed its northwest trajectory while strengthening into a hurricane.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ Late on August 31, the hurricane reached peak winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) on its approach to North Carolina.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The Outer Banks (OBX) is a string of barrier islands and spits off the coast of North Carolina and southeastern Virginia, on the east coast of the United States.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ They cover most of the North Carolina coastline, separating the Currituck Sound, Albemarle Sound, and Pamlico Sound from the Atlantic Ocean.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The Outer Banks are a major tourist destination and are known around the world for their subtropical climate and wide expanse of open beachfront.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The Cape Hatteras National Seashore has four campgrounds open to visitors.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The treacherous seas off the Outer Banks and the large number of shipwrecks that have occurred there have given these seas the nickname Graveyard of the Atlantic.", "Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries __knowledge__ The Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries (August 28–29, 1861) was the first combined operation of the Union Army and Navy in the American Civil War, resulting in Union domination of the strategically important North Carolina Sounds.", "Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries __knowledge__ Two forts on the Outer Banks (Fort Clark and Fort Hatteras) had been built by the Confederates, to protect their commerce-raiding activity.", "Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries __knowledge__ But these were lightly-defended, and their artillery could not engage the bombarding fleet under Flag Officer Silas H. Stringham, commandant of the Atlantic Blockading Squadron, which had been ordered to keep moving, to avoid presenting a static target.", "Cape Hatteras Electric Cooperative __knowledge__ Cape Hatteras Electric Cooperative (CHEC) is a utility cooperative that distributes electricity to Hatteras and Ocracoke islands in the Outer Banks region of the state of North Carolina.", "Cape Hatteras Electric Cooperative __knowledge__ The electric cooperative was founded in 1945 and is headquartered in Buxton.", "Cape Hatteras Electric Cooperative __knowledge__ Cape Hatteras Electric Cooperative distributes electricity to 7,000 members on Hatteras and Ocracoke islands, both of which are barrier islands that are situated between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pamlico Sound in the Outer Banks region of the state of North Carolina.", "Cape Hatteras Electric Cooperative __knowledge__ As an electric cooperative, Cape Hatteras Electric Cooperative is owned by the members who it provides electricity to.", "Buxton, North Carolina __knowledge__ Buxton is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) on Hatteras Island (part of the Outer Banks) near Cape Hatteras.", "Buxton, North Carolina __knowledge__ It is located in Dare County in the U.S. state of North Carolina.", "Buxton, North Carolina __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census it had a population of 1,273.", "Buxton, North Carolina __knowledge__ Located at the widest part of Hatteras Island, it is the largest community on Hatteras Island both in terms of area and population, and is home to the islands schools and other major public buildings and offices.", "Buxton, North Carolina __knowledge__ North Carolina Highway 12 links the community to other Outer Banks communities such as Avon, Frisco, and Hatteras.", "Buxton, North Carolina __knowledge__ Buxton is most famous for being the location of Cape Hatteras Light, and prides itself as being the home of the Cape Hatteras Anglers Club." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Cape Hatteras is a thin, broken strand of islands that arch out into the Atlantic Ocean away from the US mainland, then back toward the mainland, creating a series of sheltered islands between the Outer Banks and the mainland.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ For thousands of years these barrier islands have survived onslaughts of wind and sea.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Long stretches of beach, sand dunes, marshes, and maritime forests create a unique environment where wind and waves shape the topography.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ A large area of the Outer Banks is part of a National Park, called the Cape Hatteras National Seashore.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ It is also the nearest landmass on the US mainland to Bermuda, which is about to the east-southeast.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ The treacherous waters off the coast of the Outer Banks is known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, Over 600 ships wrecked here as victims of shallow shoals, storms, and war.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Diamond Shoals, a bank of shifting sand ridges hidden beneath the turbulent sea off Cape Hatteras, has never promised safe passage for ships.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ In the past 400 years the graveyard has claimed many lives, but island villagers saved many.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ As early as the 1870s, villagers served in the US Life-Saving Service.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Others staffed lighthouses built to guide mariners.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Few ships wreck today, but storms still uncover the ruins of the old wrecks that lie along the beaches of the Outer Banks.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Full House and Fuller House characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters from the American television sitcom \"Full House\" and its sequel series \"Fuller House\".", "List of Full House and Fuller House characters __knowledge__ The former ran for eight seasons on ABC from September 22, 1987 to May 23, 1995.", "List of Full House and Fuller House characters __knowledge__ \"Fuller House\" followed 21 years later, airing on Netflix beginning February 26, 2016.", "List of Full House and Fuller House characters __knowledge__ The first nine episodes of the third season were released on September 22, 2017, and the back nine was released on December 22, 2017.", "List of Full House and Fuller House characters __knowledge__ Jesse Katsopolis (portrayed by John Stamos; the character's last name in season one was Cochran, but was changed reportedly due to John Stamos wanting his character to better reflect his Greek heritage) is Danny's brother-in-law, Pam's younger brother, husband of Rebecca Donaldson and father of twin sons Nicky and Alex.", "Big Sur __knowledge__ Big Sur is a lightly populated, unincorporated region on California's Central Coast that is frequently praised for its rugged coastline and mountain views, where the Santa Lucia Mountains rise abruptly from the Pacific Ocean.", "Big Sur __knowledge__ The coast is the \"longest and most scenic stretch of undeveloped coastline in the [contiguous] United States,\" it has been described as a \"national treasure that demands extraordinary procedures to protect it from development\" and \"one of the most beautiful coastlines anywhere in the world, an isolated stretch of road, mythic in reputation.\"", "Big Sur __knowledge__ Big Sur's Cone Peak at 5,155 feet (1,571 m) is only 3 miles (5 km) from the ocean and the tallest coastal mountain in the contiguous United States.", "Military brat (U.S. subculture) __knowledge__ \"Military brat\" and various \"brat\" derivatives describe the child of a parent or parents serving full-time in the United States Armed Forces, and can also refer to the subculture and lifestyle of such families.", "Military brat (U.S. subculture) __knowledge__ The term refers to both current and former children of such families.", "Military brat (U.S. subculture) __knowledge__ The military brat lifestyle typically involves moving to new states or countries many times while growing up, as the child's military family is customarily transferred to new non-combat assignments; consequently, many military brats never have a home town.", "Military brat (U.S. subculture) __knowledge__ War-related family stresses are also a commonly occurring part of military brat life.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ One Tree Hill is an American television series created by Mark Schwahn for The WB in 2003.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After its third season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which then became the broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Schwahn served as executive producer while also writing and directing for the show, including the premieres and finales of all seasons.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ The show began with nine main characters in its first season.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After that, characters from that first season left the show, with new main characters having been both written in and out of the series.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Originally, it followed two half-brothers Lucas and Nathan Scott who started out as enemies but later formed a close bond as brothers.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "Cape Hatteras National Seashore __knowledge__ Cape Hatteras National Seashore is a United States national seashore which preserves the portion of the Outer Banks of North Carolina from Bodie Island to Ocracoke Island, stretching over , and is managed by the National Park Service.", "Cape Hatteras National Seashore __knowledge__ Included within this section of barrier islands along N.C. 12, but outside the national seashore boundaries, are Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge and several communities, such as Rodanthe, Buxton, and Ocracoke.", "Cape Hatteras National Seashore __knowledge__ Cape Hatteras is a combination of natural and cultural resources, and provides a wide variety of recreational opportunities.", "Cape Hatteras National Seashore __knowledge__ Once dubbed the \"Graveyard of the Atlantic\" for its treacherous currents, shoals, and storms, Cape Hatteras has a wealth of history relating to shipwrecks, lighthouses, and the US Lifesaving Service.", "Cape Hatteras Light __knowledge__ Cape Hatteras Light is a lighthouse located on Hatteras Island in the Outer Banks in the town of Buxton, North Carolina and is part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore.", "Cape Hatteras Light __knowledge__ The Outer Banks are a group of barrier islands on the North Carolina coast that separate the Atlantic Ocean from the coastal sounds and inlets.", "Cape Hatteras Light __knowledge__ Atlantic currents in this area made for excellent travel for ships, except in the area of Diamond Shoals, just offshore at Cape Hatteras.", "Cape Hatteras Light __knowledge__ Nearby, the warm Gulf Stream ocean current collides with the colder Labrador Current, creating ideal conditions for powerful ocean storms and sea swells.", "Public Access and Lands Improvement Act __knowledge__ The Public Access and Lands Improvement Act () is an omnibus bill that combines ten smaller, previously introduced bills all related to land and land use.", "Public Access and Lands Improvement Act __knowledge__ Several of the bills transfer federal lands to state or local governments.", "Public Access and Lands Improvement Act __knowledge__ The bill also addresses cattle grazing.", "Public Access and Lands Improvement Act __knowledge__ The bill passed in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.", "Public Access and Lands Improvement Act __knowledge__ Federal lands are lands in the United States for which ownership is claimed by the U.S. federal government.", "Public Access and Lands Improvement Act __knowledge__ As of March 2012, out of the 2.27 billion acres in the country, about 28% of the total was owned by American citizens represented by the National Federal government according to the Interior Department.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The Outer Banks (OBX) is a string of barrier islands and spits off the coast of North Carolina and southeastern Virginia, on the east coast of the United States.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ They cover most of the North Carolina coastline, separating the Currituck Sound, Albemarle Sound, and Pamlico Sound from the Atlantic Ocean.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The Outer Banks are a major tourist destination and are known around the world for their subtropical climate and wide expanse of open beachfront.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The Cape Hatteras National Seashore has four campgrounds open to visitors.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The treacherous seas off the Outer Banks and the large number of shipwrecks that have occurred there have given these seas the nickname Graveyard of the Atlantic.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ Hurricane Emily in 1993 caused record flooding in the Outer Banks of North Carolina while remaining just offshore.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ The fifth named storm and the first and strongest hurricane of the year's hurricane season, Emily developed from a tropical wave northeast of the Lesser Antilles on August 22.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ It moved northwestward and strengthened into a tropical storm on August 25, after becoming nearly stationary southeast of Bermuda.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ Emily then curved to the southwest but quickly resumed its northwest trajectory while strengthening into a hurricane.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ Late on August 31, the hurricane reached peak winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) on its approach to North Carolina.", "History of the National Park Service __knowledge__ Since 1872 the United States National Park System has grown from a single, public reservation called Yellowstone National Park to embrace over 450 natural, historical, recreational, and cultural areas throughout the United States, its territories, and island possessions.", "History of the National Park Service __knowledge__ These areas include a diverse varieties of areas —National Parks, National Monuments, National Memorials, National Military Parks, National Historic Sites, National Parkways, National Recreation Areas, National Seashores, National Scenic Riverways, National Scenic Trails, and others.", "History of the National Park Service __knowledge__ The national park idea has been credited to the artist George Catlin." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Cape Hatteras is a thin, broken strand of islands that arch out into the Atlantic Ocean away from the US mainland, then back toward the mainland, creating a series of sheltered islands between the Outer Banks and the mainland.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ For thousands of years these barrier islands have survived onslaughts of wind and sea.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Long stretches of beach, sand dunes, marshes, and maritime forests create a unique environment where wind and waves shape the topography.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ A large area of the Outer Banks is part of a National Park, called the Cape Hatteras National Seashore.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ It is also the nearest landmass on the US mainland to Bermuda, which is about to the east-southeast.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ The treacherous waters off the coast of the Outer Banks is known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, Over 600 ships wrecked here as victims of shallow shoals, storms, and war.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Diamond Shoals, a bank of shifting sand ridges hidden beneath the turbulent sea off Cape Hatteras, has never promised safe passage for ships.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ In the past 400 years the graveyard has claimed many lives, but island villagers saved many.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ As early as the 1870s, villagers served in the US Life-Saving Service.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Others staffed lighthouses built to guide mariners.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Few ships wreck today, but storms still uncover the ruins of the old wrecks that lie along the beaches of the Outer Banks.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "Jaws (ride) __knowledge__ Jaws is a theme park attraction at Universal Studios Japan.", "Jaws (ride) __knowledge__ Based upon the films of the same name.", "Jaws (ride) __knowledge__ The attraction places guests aboard tour boats for what should be a leisurely tour of Amity Harbor, but instead becomes a harrowing chase between the craft and a very determined great white shark.", "Jaws (ride) __knowledge__ Jaws is an expanded version of a famous miniature attraction on the long-running and world famous Studio Tour at Universal Studios Hollywood, also inspired by the film, and can be found at Universal Studios Japan near Osaka, and formerly, at Universal Studios Florida in Orlando.", "Jaws (ride) __knowledge__ The original attraction at Universal Studios Florida was inspired by a small attraction on the long-running Studio Tour at Universal Studios Hollywood, in which the Studio Tour tram passed through several sets from the film and was then attacked by an animatronic shark known as \"Jaws\" while driving by the Amity Harbor shore line.", "Loss of MV Darlwyne __knowledge__ MV (motor vessel) Darlwyne was an unlicensed pleasure cruiser, a converted Royal Navy picket boat, which disappeared off the Cornish coast on 31 July 1966 with its complement of thirty-one (two crew and twenty-nine passengers including eight children).", "Loss of MV Darlwyne __knowledge__ Twelve bodies and a few artefacts were later recovered, but the rest of the victims and the main body of the wreck were never found.", "Loss of MV Darlwyne __knowledge__ Built in 1941, after ending its naval service in 1957 \"Darlwyne\" was used as a cabin cruiser, first on the River Thames and later in Cornwall.", "Loss of MV Darlwyne __knowledge__ During this time it underwent considerable structural alteration, including the removal of its original watertight bulkheads and the conversion of its aft cabin into a large open cockpit.", "List of Tugs characters __knowledge__ \"Tugs\" is a 1988 British children's television series created by the producers of \"Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends\", Robert D. Cardona and David Mitton, features two groups of anthropomorphized tugboat fleets: the Star Fleet and the Z-Stacks.", "List of Tugs characters __knowledge__ They compete against each other in the fictional town of Bigg City Port.", "List of Tugs characters __knowledge__ In the North American adaptation, \"Salty's Lighthouse\", the stories were re-purposed for a younger audience.", "List of Tugs characters __knowledge__ The two groups were no longer rival tug fleets, and the characters underwent various changes.", "List of Tugs characters __knowledge__ Sunshine, Captain Star, and Little Ditcher were considered female.", "JJ Giltinan International Trophy __knowledge__ The JJ Giltinan International Trophy is considered the world's premier 18-foot skiff open championship, the eponymous brainchild of noted Australian sports entrepreneur J J Giltinan.", "JJ Giltinan International Trophy __knowledge__ In the early 20th century 18-foot skiff racing had gained ground as a spectator sport.", "JJ Giltinan International Trophy __knowledge__ The radical innovations introduced by \"Aberdare\" in 1933 (a narrow beam, reduced sail area, reduced crew, and flat bottom) made it significantly faster than contemporary designs, leading \"Aberdare\" to win four consecutive Australian championships.", "JJ Giltinan International Trophy __knowledge__ The Sydney Flying Squadron, at that time the leading organizer of 18-foot skiff racing, promptly banned \"Aberdare\"s innovations, fearing the impact of these innovations on the established class.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The Outer Banks (OBX) is a string of barrier islands and spits off the coast of North Carolina and southeastern Virginia, on the east coast of the United States.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ They cover most of the North Carolina coastline, separating the Currituck Sound, Albemarle Sound, and Pamlico Sound from the Atlantic Ocean.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The Outer Banks are a major tourist destination and are known around the world for their subtropical climate and wide expanse of open beachfront.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The Cape Hatteras National Seashore has four campgrounds open to visitors.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The treacherous seas off the Outer Banks and the large number of shipwrecks that have occurred there have given these seas the nickname Graveyard of the Atlantic.", "Hazard mitigation in the Outer Banks __knowledge__ The Outer Banks are the barrier islands along the east coast of North Carolina, that are extremely sensitive to environmental hazards, particularly hurricanes.", "Hazard mitigation in the Outer Banks __knowledge__ This article is about how people of the Outer Banks prepare for natural disasters.", "Hazard mitigation in the Outer Banks __knowledge__ The chain of sand islands begins at the southeast corner of Virginia Beach and run parallel to most of North Carolina's coastline.", "Hazard mitigation in the Outer Banks __knowledge__ The long thin strip of land mass separates the Atlantic Ocean from the Currituck, Albermarle, and Pamlico sounds.", "Hazard mitigation in the Outer Banks __knowledge__ The sanctuary of these sounds contains large inlets, bays, and a massive lagoon providing estuaries and habitats for hundreds of species which are protected by the Outer Banks.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ Hurricane Emily in 1993 caused record flooding in the Outer Banks of North Carolina while remaining just offshore.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ The fifth named storm and the first and strongest hurricane of the year's hurricane season, Emily developed from a tropical wave northeast of the Lesser Antilles on August 22.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ It moved northwestward and strengthened into a tropical storm on August 25, after becoming nearly stationary southeast of Bermuda.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ Emily then curved to the southwest but quickly resumed its northwest trajectory while strengthening into a hurricane.", "Hurricane Emily (1993) __knowledge__ Late on August 31, the hurricane reached peak winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) on its approach to North Carolina.", "Graveyard of the Atlantic __knowledge__ Graveyard of the Atlantic is a nickname of treacherous waters and location of numerous shipwrecks off the Outer Banks of North Carolina.", "Graveyard of the Atlantic __knowledge__ This location has numerous shoals and frequent rough seas.", "Graveyard of the Atlantic __knowledge__ Another area off Nova Scotia is also known (to a much lesser degree) as the resting place of many shipwrecks.", "Graveyard of the Atlantic __knowledge__ This is due to frequent thick fog which increases danger, especially near Sable Island.", "Graveyard of the Atlantic __knowledge__ The Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum, located in Hatteras Village, focuses on the history of this area and features many artifacts recovered from area shipwrecks.", "Graveyard of the Atlantic __knowledge__ Along the Outer Banks, navigational challenges posed by the Diamond Shoals area off Cape Hatteras, caused the loss of thousands of ships and an unknown number of human lives.", "1933 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The 1933 Atlantic hurricane season was the second most active Atlantic hurricane season on record, with 20 storms forming in the northwest Atlantic Ocean, breaking the record set by 1887.", "1933 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The season also produced the highest Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) on record with a total of 259.", "1933 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1933, with activity as early as May and as late as November.", "1933 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ A tropical cyclone was active for all but 13 days from June 28 to October 7.", "1933 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The year was surpassed in total number of tropical cyclones by the 2005 season, which broke the record with 28 storms.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ North Carolina () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ It borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U.S. states.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The state is divided into 100 counties.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The capital is Raleigh, which along with Durham is home to the largest research park in the United States (Research Triangle Park).", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the third largest banking center in the United States after New York City and San Francisco." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Cape Hatteras is a thin, broken strand of islands that arch out into the Atlantic Ocean away from the US mainland, then back toward the mainland, creating a series of sheltered islands between the Outer Banks and the mainland.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ For thousands of years these barrier islands have survived onslaughts of wind and sea.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Long stretches of beach, sand dunes, marshes, and maritime forests create a unique environment where wind and waves shape the topography.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ A large area of the Outer Banks is part of a National Park, called the Cape Hatteras National Seashore.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ It is also the nearest landmass on the US mainland to Bermuda, which is about to the east-southeast.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ The treacherous waters off the coast of the Outer Banks is known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, Over 600 ships wrecked here as victims of shallow shoals, storms, and war.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Diamond Shoals, a bank of shifting sand ridges hidden beneath the turbulent sea off Cape Hatteras, has never promised safe passage for ships.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ In the past 400 years the graveyard has claimed many lives, but island villagers saved many.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ As early as the 1870s, villagers served in the US Life-Saving Service.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Others staffed lighthouses built to guide mariners.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Few ships wreck today, but storms still uncover the ruins of the old wrecks that lie along the beaches of the Outer Banks.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "Lighthouse __knowledge__ A lighthouse is a tower, building, or other type of structure designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses, and to serve as a navigational aid for maritime pilots at sea or on inland waterways.", "Lighthouse __knowledge__ Lighthouses mark dangerous coastlines, hazardous shoals, reefs, and safe entries to harbors, and can assist in aerial navigation.", "Lighthouse __knowledge__ Once widely used, the number of operational lighthouses has declined due to the expense of maintenance and use of electronic navigational systems.", "Lighthouse __knowledge__ Before the development of clearly defined ports, mariners were guided by fires built on hilltops.", "Lighthouse __knowledge__ Since raising the fire would improve the visibility, placing the fire on a platform became a practice that led to the development of the lighthouse.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "Global Positioning System __knowledge__ The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a space-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force.", "Global Positioning System __knowledge__ It is a global navigation satellite system that provides geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.", "Global Positioning System __knowledge__ The GPS does not require the user to transmit any data, and it operates independently of any telephonic or internet reception, though these technologies can enhance the usefulness of the GPS positioning information.", "Gay Head Light __knowledge__ Gay Head Light is a historic lighthouse located on Martha's Vineyard westernmost point off of Lighthouse Road in Aquinnah, Massachusetts.", "Gay Head Light __knowledge__ When the first Congress of the newly formed United States government met in 1789, one of its first acts was to assume responsibility for lighthouses and other aids to navigation along the country's coastline.", "Gay Head Light __knowledge__ For the next twenty-five years, design and construction of new lighthouses were authorized by Congress.", "Gay Head Light __knowledge__ The location, size, design, and construction of each lighthouse was considered of such vital importance, that the decision-making process involved the highest officials, including the President.", "Wawatam Lighthouse __knowledge__ Wawatam Lighthouse is an automated, modern lighthouse that guards the harbor of St. Ignace, Michigan in the Straits of Mackinac.", "Wawatam Lighthouse __knowledge__ It was originally erected near Monroe, Michigan as an iconic roadside attraction in 1998, and was first lit as an aid to navigation in St. Ignace in August 2006.", "Wawatam Lighthouse __knowledge__ The current lighthouse was originally built in 1998 as an architectural folly at the Monroe Welcome Center on Interstate 75 near Monroe, Michigan in the southeastern corner of the state near the Ohio border.", "Wawatam Lighthouse __knowledge__ It was a functional lighthouse structure that was constructed far away from navigational waters as an element of the tourist heritage of the state.", "Caloundra Lighthouses __knowledge__ Caloundra Lighthouses are a heritage-listed pair of lighthouses at 6 Arthur Street and 3 Canberra Terrace, Kings Beach, Caloundra, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia.", "Caloundra Lighthouses __knowledge__ The first, known as the Old Caloundra Light, was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built in 1896; the second, New Caloundra Light, was built in 1968.", "Caloundra Lighthouses __knowledge__ They were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 5 February 2010.", "Caloundra Lighthouses __knowledge__ The Caloundra Head Lighthouses played an integral role in Queensland's system of coastal navigation aids from the 1890s to the 1970s and remain prominent landmarks from Moreton Bay and in the Caloundra district.", "History of lighthouses __knowledge__ The history of lighthouses refers to the development of the use of towers, buildings, or other types of structure, as an aid to navigation for maritime pilots at sea or on inland waterways.", "History of lighthouses __knowledge__ Before the development of clearly defined ports, mariners were guided by fires built on hilltops.", "History of lighthouses __knowledge__ Since raising the fire would improve the visibility, placing the fire on a platform became a practice that led to the development of the lighthouse.", "History of lighthouses __knowledge__ In antiquity, the lighthouse functioned more as an entrance marker to ports than as a warning signal for reefs and promontories, unlike many modern lighthouses.", "History of lighthouses __knowledge__ According to Homeric legend, Palamidis of Nafplio invented the first lighthouse, although they are certainly attested with the Lighthouse of Alexandria (designed and constructed by Sostratus of Cnidus) and the Colossus of Rhodes.", "Interoception __knowledge__ Interoception is contemporarily defined as the sense of the internal state of the body.", "Interoception __knowledge__ It encompasses the brain’s process of integrating signals relayed from the body into specific subregions—like the brainstem, thalamus, insula, somatosensory, and anterior cingulate cortex—allowing for a nuanced representation of the physiological state of the body.", "Interoception __knowledge__ This is important for maintaining homeostatic conditions in the body and, potentially, aiding in self-awareness.", "Interoception __knowledge__ Interoceptive signals are projected to the brain via a diversity of neural pathways that allow for the sensory processing and prediction of internal bodily states.", "History of the Seattle Mariners __knowledge__ The Seattle Mariners are an American professional baseball team based in Seattle, Washington.", "History of the Seattle Mariners __knowledge__ Enfranchised in 1977, the Mariners are a member of the Western Division of Major League Baseball's American League.", "History of the Seattle Mariners __knowledge__ Safeco Field has been the Mariners' home ballpark since July .", "History of the Seattle Mariners __knowledge__ From their 1977 inception until June 1999, the club's home park was the Kingdome.", "History of the Seattle Mariners __knowledge__ Before being awarded a team in Major League Baseball, Seattle had been a staple of the Pacific Coast League dating back to the late 19th century.", "History of the Seattle Mariners __knowledge__ The first attempt to land a major league team failed when a bid by William Daley to move the Cleveland Indians to Seattle in fell apart." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Cape Hatteras is a thin, broken strand of islands that arch out into the Atlantic Ocean away from the US mainland, then back toward the mainland, creating a series of sheltered islands between the Outer Banks and the mainland.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ For thousands of years these barrier islands have survived onslaughts of wind and sea.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Long stretches of beach, sand dunes, marshes, and maritime forests create a unique environment where wind and waves shape the topography.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ A large area of the Outer Banks is part of a National Park, called the Cape Hatteras National Seashore.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ It is also the nearest landmass on the US mainland to Bermuda, which is about to the east-southeast.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ The treacherous waters off the coast of the Outer Banks is known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, Over 600 ships wrecked here as victims of shallow shoals, storms, and war.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Diamond Shoals, a bank of shifting sand ridges hidden beneath the turbulent sea off Cape Hatteras, has never promised safe passage for ships.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ In the past 400 years the graveyard has claimed many lives, but island villagers saved many.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ As early as the 1870s, villagers served in the US Life-Saving Service.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Others staffed lighthouses built to guide mariners.", "Cape Hatteras __knowledge__ Few ships wreck today, but storms still uncover the ruins of the old wrecks that lie along the beaches of the Outer Banks.", "Cape Hatteras Light __knowledge__ Cape Hatteras Light is a lighthouse located on Hatteras Island in the Outer Banks in the town of Buxton, North Carolina and is part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore.", "Cape Hatteras Light __knowledge__ The Outer Banks are a group of barrier islands on the North Carolina coast that separate the Atlantic Ocean from the coastal sounds and inlets.", "Cape Hatteras Light __knowledge__ Atlantic currents in this area made for excellent travel for ships, except in the area of Diamond Shoals, just offshore at Cape Hatteras.", "Cape Hatteras Light __knowledge__ Nearby, the warm Gulf Stream ocean current collides with the colder Labrador Current, creating ideal conditions for powerful ocean storms and sea swells.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The Web browser was released outside CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet.", "USS Monitor __knowledge__ USS \"Monitor\" was an iron-hulled steamship.", "USS Monitor __knowledge__ Built during the American Civil War, she was the first ironclad warship commissioned by the Union Navy.", "USS Monitor __knowledge__ \"Monitor\" is most famous for her central role in the Battle of Hampton Roads on 9 March 1862, where, under the command of Lieutenant John Worden, she fought the casemate ironclad (built on the hull of the former steam frigate ) to a standstill.", "USS Monitor __knowledge__ The unique design of the ship, distinguished by its revolving turret which was designed by American inventor Theodore Timby, was quickly duplicated and established the monitor type of warship.", "USS Monitor __knowledge__ The remainder of the ship was designed by the Swedish-born engineer and inventor John Ericsson and hurriedly built in Brooklyn in only 101 days.", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.", "Internet __knowledge__ It is a \"network of networks\" that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.", "Internet __knowledge__ The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States Federal Government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The Outer Banks (OBX) is a string of barrier islands and spits off the coast of North Carolina and southeastern Virginia, on the east coast of the United States.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ They cover most of the North Carolina coastline, separating the Currituck Sound, Albemarle Sound, and Pamlico Sound from the Atlantic Ocean.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The Outer Banks are a major tourist destination and are known around the world for their subtropical climate and wide expanse of open beachfront.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The Cape Hatteras National Seashore has four campgrounds open to visitors.", "Outer Banks __knowledge__ The treacherous seas off the Outer Banks and the large number of shipwrecks that have occurred there have given these seas the nickname Graveyard of the Atlantic.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ Mullion Cove or Porth Mellin is a small community on the west coast of the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall, England.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is on the eastern side of the Mount's Bay.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ The Cove forms part of the parish of Mullion, and is accessible by road from Mullion village, away to the north east, and also by the popular South West coast path.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It lies within an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) The Cove is south of Porthleven and southeast of Penzance by sea.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is south of Helston by land and southwest of Falmouth by land.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ In 1937 a stretch of the coast from Mullion Cove to Predannack was preserved for the nation with the help of the Council for the Preservation of Rural England (CPRE) and the National Trust.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Hostage Calm __knowledge__ Hostage Calm was an American punk rock band from Wallingford, Connecticut, United States, formed in 2007.", "Hostage Calm __knowledge__ Hostage Calm released two extended plays, four full-length albums, and a split with punk band Anti-Flag.", "Hostage Calm __knowledge__ The band announced their breakup on October 8, 2014 and played their last show on March 6, 2015.", "Hostage Calm __knowledge__ Hostage Calm debuted in the summer of 2007 following the release of a Demo 7” on Headcount Records.", "Hostage Calm __knowledge__ Their first full-length, \"Lens\", was originally released in 2008 on Redscroll Records.", "Hostage Calm __knowledge__ In February 2009, it was announced that the band would recorded their next album in April.", "Hostage Calm __knowledge__ In 2010, the band signed to Run for Cover Records and received national attention for their second full-length, \"Hostage Calm\".", "Tropical cyclone __knowledge__ A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.", "Tropical cyclone __knowledge__ Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone is referred to by different names, including hurricane (), typhoon (), tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, and simply cyclone.", "Tropical cyclone __knowledge__ A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, and a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean; while in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean, comparable storms are referred to simply as “tropical cyclones” or “severe cyclonic storms”." ] ]

[ 4, 6, 10, 11, 5 ]

[ "That's amazing! I have visited the Cape Hatteras National Seashore which is a national park.", "I hear that it's scary there. There is the Graveyard of the Atlantic on the outer banks where 600 ships have wrecked from war and storms.", "I don't actually. I am scared of the water. Is your lighthouse the kind that guides mariners?", "I didn't even think about that. I hear that shipwrecks there are rare these days, even though the storms remain calm.", "I would say I have a fair bit of information. I know they're the closest landmass to Bermuda." ]

[ "Cape Hatteras", "Cape Hatteras", "Cape Hatteras", "Cape Hatteras", "Cape Hatteras" ]

[ "Ice hockey\nI love ice hockey but just started watching last season. I don't understand it all yet. ", "That does sound easy. How do they get a penalty? I have seen people go to the box but unsure why. ", "And how does overtime work, that still confuses me too!", "And then some players switch teams for playoffs? ", "How long does a player play in a game?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ Wayne Douglas Gretzky (; born January 26, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and former head coach.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ He played twenty seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for four teams from 1979 to 1999.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"The Great One\", he has been called \"the greatest hockey player ever\" by many sportswriters, players, and the league itself.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ Gretzky is the leading scorer in NHL history, with more goals and assists than any other player.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ He garnered more assists than any other player scored total points, and is the only NHL player to total over 200 points in one season – a feat he accomplished four times.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The Victorian Ice Hockey Association, currently trading as Ice Hockey Victoria is the governing body of ice hockey in Victoria, Australia.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The Victorian Ice Hockey Association is a branch of Ice Hockey Australia.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ 12 September 1908 is the date of the formation of the first ice hockey association in Australia.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The meeting at the Melbourne Glaciarium occurred directly after an evening ice hockey game between the Brighton Ice Hockey Club and the Melburnians, which resulted in a 2-2 tie.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The meeting was for the purpose of organising a club for the following season and the following committee was appointed: Lorimer, Ward, Errol F. Woods, W. Purbrick and Andrew Lambert Reid.", "Ice hockey in popular culture __knowledge__ Ice hockey, partially because of its popularity as a major professional sport, has been a source of inspiration for numerous films, television episodes and songs in North American popular culture.", "Ice hockey in popular culture __knowledge__ A number of notable Hollywood films have been made about hockey.", "Ice hockey in popular culture __knowledge__ Notable hockey films include \"Slap Shot\"; \"The Mighty Ducks\", successful enough to spawn two sequels, a cartoon series, and an NHL team named the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (now the Anaheim Ducks); and \"Miracle\".", "Ice hockey in popular culture __knowledge__ The first two are fictional comedies; the last is a drama based on the true story of the 1980 \"Miracle on Ice\" USA Olympic gold medal team.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ The Ottawa Senators were an ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Canada which existed from 1883 to 1954.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ The club was the first hockey club in Ontario, a founding member of the National Hockey League (NHL) and played in the NHL from 1917 until 1934.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ The club, which was officially the Ottawa Hockey Club (Ottawa HC), was known by several nicknames, including the \"Generals\" in the 1890s, the \"Silver Seven\" from 1903 to 1907 and the \"Senators\" dating from 1908.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ Generally acknowledged by hockey historians as one of the greatest teams of the early days of the sport, the club won numerous championships, starting with the 1891 to 1893 Ontario championships.", "Eishockey-Bundesliga __knowledge__ The Eishockey-Bundesliga (\"Federal Ice Hockey League\") was formed in 1958 as the elite hockey competition in the Federal Republic of Germany, replacing the \"Oberliga\" in this position.", "Eishockey-Bundesliga __knowledge__ From the 1994-95 season, it was in turn replaced by the Deutsche Eishockey Liga, which now also carries the name 1st Bundesliga in its logo.", "Eishockey-Bundesliga __knowledge__ The DEL, originally administrated by the \"DEB\", the German Ice Hockey Federation, became an independent league in 1997.", "Eishockey-Bundesliga __knowledge__ With the German reunion, the Bundesliga became a truly nationwide league, initially including two teams from the former East Germany.", "Eishockey-Bundesliga __knowledge__ Ice hockey was first played in Germany in 1887, in Berlin, and it was there that the first ice hockey department of a sports club was formed, as part of the Berliner SC.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ The Australian Ice Hockey Federation, currently trading as Ice Hockey Australia (IHA), is the official national governing body of ice hockey in Australia and is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ It was first established in 1908, making it one of the oldest national ice hockey associations in the world.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ The purpose of Ice Hockey Australia is to encourage, promote, control and administer all forms of ice hockey in and throughout Australia through and by various Member States for the mutual and collective benefit of the members and sport itself.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ IHA also governs an eight-team, semi-professional league, known as the Australian Ice Hockey League." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Chinese sun and moon mirrors __knowledge__ The yángsuì 陽燧 or sun-mirror was an ancient Chinese burning-mirror that concentrates sunlight to ignite tinder and the fāngzhū 方諸 or moon-mirror was a device that collects nighttime dew by condensation.", "Chinese sun and moon mirrors __knowledge__ These two bronze implements are literary metaphors for yin and yang, associating the \"\"yang\"-mirror\" \"yangsui\" with the sun (a.k.a.", "Chinese sun and moon mirrors __knowledge__ \"tàiyáng\" 太陽 \"great \"yang\"\"), fire, dry, and round, and the \"\"yin\"-mirror\" \"fangshu\" with the moon (\"tàiyīn\" 太陰 \"great \"yin\"\"), water, wet, and square.", "Chinese sun and moon mirrors __knowledge__ There are numerous Chinese names for the fire-producing \"yángsuì\" 陽燧 \"sun-mirror\" and water-producing \"fāngzhū\" 方諸 \"moon-mirror\".", "2012–13 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season __knowledge__ During the 2012–13 season, Sheffield Wednesday Football Club competed in the 2012–13 Football League Championship, the FA Cup and the League Cup.", "2012–13 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season __knowledge__ Sheffield Wednesday have stayed in the Football League Championship after recently being promoted from the Football League One the previous year.", "2012–13 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season __knowledge__ They were managed by Dave Jones, while the club's chairman was Milan Mandaric.", "2012–13 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season __knowledge__ Their league season kicked off on 18 August 2012, while the League Cup began a week earlier as they entered at Round 1 of the competition.", "2012–13 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season __knowledge__ In the FA Cup, The Owls began in January as they entered at Round 3.", "2012–13 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season __knowledge__ Pre-season for Sheffield Wednesday is due to kick-off at the beginning of July 2012.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Dave Grohl __knowledge__ David Eric Grohl (born January 14, 1969) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer and film director.", "Dave Grohl __knowledge__ He was the longest serving drummer for the grunge band Nirvana and the frontman and founder of the rock band Foo Fighters, of which he is the lead vocalist, rhythm and lead guitarist, and primary songwriter.", "Dave Grohl __knowledge__ He is the drummer and co-founder of the rock supergroup Them Crooked Vultures.", "Dave Grohl __knowledge__ He wrote the music and performed all the instruments for his short-lived side projects Late!", "Dave Grohl __knowledge__ and Probot.", "Dave Grohl __knowledge__ He has recorded and toured frequently with the rock band Queens of the Stone Age over the past decade.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ I Love Money is a reality television game show that aired on VH1.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The show was created by \"The Surreal Life\" executive producers Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The contestants on this series are from the first two seasons of \"Flavor of Love, I Love New York\" and \"Rock of Love\", and are competing in physical and mental challenges in an attempt to win $250,000.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ Production started in early February 2008, and concluded in March 2008.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The show premiered on July 6, 2008 and the casting special aired on July 1.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The show is hosted by Craig J. Jackson.", "I Love Money (season 1) __knowledge__ The winner of the competition was Nicole Alexander, also known as Hoopz.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series \"The Monkees\", which aired from 1966 to 1968.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Roller in-line hockey is a team sport played on a wood, asphalt, cement or sport tile surface, in which players use a hockey stick to shoot a hard plastic hockey puck into their opponent's goal to score points.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is considered a contact sport but body checking is prohibited.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ However, there are exceptions to that with the NRHL which involves fighting.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Inline hockey teams are composed of up to four lines of players including two forwards and two defensemen on each line.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ There are five players including the goalie from each team on the rink at a time.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is the goalie's job to prevent the other team's players from scoring.", "Miracle on Manchester __knowledge__ The Miracle on Manchester is the nickname given to a National Hockey League (NHL) playoff game between the Los Angeles Kings and Edmonton Oilers that took place on April 10, 1982 in the league's 65th season.", "Miracle on Manchester __knowledge__ The game, the third in a best-of-five postseason series, was played at The Forum, the Kings' home arena at the time, which was situated on Manchester Boulevard (hence the nickname) in the Los Angeles suburb of Inglewood.", "Miracle on Manchester __knowledge__ The Kings completed the largest comeback in NHL playoff history, going from being down 5-0 to win the game 6-5 in overtime.", "Miracle on Manchester __knowledge__ Combined with upset wins in Games 1 and 5, the Kings eliminated the heavily favored Wayne Gretzky-led Oilers in a 3-2 series victory to reach the second round.", "Table shuffleboard __knowledge__ Table shuffleboard (also known as American shuffleboard, indoor shuffleboard, slingers, shufflepuck, and quoits) is a game in which players push metal-and-plastic weighted pucks (also called \"weights\" or \"quoits\") down a long and smooth wooden table into a scoring area at the opposite end of the table.", "Table shuffleboard __knowledge__ Shooting is performed with the hand directly, as opposed to deck shuffleboard's use of cue sticks.", "Table shuffleboard __knowledge__ Shuffleboard tables vary in length, usually within a , and are at least wide.", "Table shuffleboard __knowledge__ Tables are intended to be kept flat, but any given table may have its own slight concave or convex condition, adding an extra challenge.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ Wayne Douglas Gretzky (; born January 26, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and former head coach.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ He played twenty seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for four teams from 1979 to 1999.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"The Great One\", he has been called \"the greatest hockey player ever\" by many sportswriters, players, and the league itself.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ Gretzky is the leading scorer in NHL history, with more goals and assists than any other player.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ He garnered more assists than any other player scored total points, and is the only NHL player to total over 200 points in one season – a feat he accomplished four times.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The following episodes are the episode list for Endurance.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ Episode seven, fifteen, and sixteen are specials.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The seventh episode recaps the events of the first six days of the competition.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The fifteenth and the sixteenth episodes reunites the cast nearly one year since the series has started.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ In the series premiere, 20 strangers arrive on an island somewhere in the Pacific Ocean, where they meet the host, J.D.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ Roth, who explains the rules to them: every day, there will be a mission that will give one of seven teams a Pyramid Piece, an important item needed to win the game (the pieces are Courage, Heart, Knoweledge, Leadership, Commitment, Perseverance, Trust, Discipline, Strength, and Luck), and the following day features a Temple Mission, which gives the winning team a chance to send two other teams to the Temple of Fate, where one team is eliminated.", "Underwater hockey __knowledge__ Underwater Hockey (UWH), also known as Octopush (mainly in the United Kingdom) is a globally played limited-contact sport in which two teams compete to manoeuvre a puck across the bottom of a swimming pool into the opposing team's goal by propelling it with a hockey stick (bat).", "Underwater hockey __knowledge__ It originated in England in 1954 when Alice Cleverley, the founder of the newly formed Southsea Sub-Aqua Club, invented the game she called Octopush as a means of keeping the club's members interested and active over the cold winter months when open-water diving lost its appeal.", "Underwater hockey __knowledge__ Underwater Hockey is now played worldwide, with the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques, abbreviated CMAS, as the world governing body." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Effects of overtime __knowledge__ Employees who work overtime hours experience numerous mental, physical, and social effects.", "Effects of overtime __knowledge__ Significant effects include stress, lack of free time, poor work-life balance, and health risks.", "Effects of overtime __knowledge__ Employee performance levels could also be lowered.", "Effects of overtime __knowledge__ Long work hours could lead to tiredness, fatigue, and lack of attentiveness.", "Effects of overtime __knowledge__ As a result, suggestions have been proposed for risk mitigation.", "Effects of overtime __knowledge__ The health and safety effects of overtime work vary widely and much remains unknown.", "Effects of overtime __knowledge__ Some studies have reported numerous adverse health effects, including increased alcohol and tobacco usage, decreased birthweight in offspring, and decreased cognitive functioning found both subjectively and objectively using specialized testing.", "Overtime __knowledge__ Overtime is the amount of time someone works beyond \"normal working hours\".", "Overtime __knowledge__ The term is also used for the pay received for this time.", "Overtime __knowledge__ Normal hours may be determined in several ways: Most nations have overtime labour laws designed to dissuade or prevent employers from forcing their employees to work excessively long hours.", "Overtime __knowledge__ These laws may take into account other considerations than the humanitarian, such as preserving the health of workers so that they may continue to be productive, or increasing the overall level of employment in the economy.", "Overtime __knowledge__ One common approach to regulating overtime is to require employers to pay workers at a higher hourly rate for overtime work.", "Working time __knowledge__ Working time is the period of time that a person spends at paid labor.", "Working time __knowledge__ Unpaid labor such as personal housework or caring for children or pets is not considered part of the working week.", "Working time __knowledge__ Many countries regulate the work week by law, such as stipulating minimum daily rest periods, annual holidays, and a maximum number of working hours per week.", "Working time __knowledge__ Working time may vary from person to person, often depending on location, culture, lifestyle choice, and the profitability of the individual's livelihood.", "Working time __knowledge__ For example, someone who is supporting children and paying a large mortgage will need to work more hours to meet basic costs of living than someone of the same earning power without children.", "Israeli labor law __knowledge__ Israeli labor law provides a number of protections to workers in Israel.", "Israeli labor law __knowledge__ They are governed by the Basic Laws, the Hours of Work and Rest Law, as well as various other laws, statutes, and regulations.", "Israeli labor law __knowledge__ Labor unions are legal in Israel, and about one-third of the workforce is unionized.", "Israeli labor law __knowledge__ The Histadrut, a large federation of trade unions, has a prominent place in Israel's economy and society.", "Israeli labor law __knowledge__ Workers in most industries have a right to strike provided a fifteen-day notice of intention to strike is given.", "Israeli labor law __knowledge__ It is illegal to fire a worker for unionizing and participating in union activities, including strikes.", "Working hours in South Korea __knowledge__ Working hours in South Korea are quite long compared to other OECD countries because the working hours are related to Korean economic growth.", "Working hours in South Korea __knowledge__ Since the 1960s, economy of South Korea was begun to transform from agricultural economy]] into industrialized and high-technological economy.", "Working hours in South Korea __knowledge__ The South Korea’s per capita GDP sharply increased from US $100 in 1963 to US $35,300 in 2014 and finally South Korea becomes the country that has 20th largest economies in the world.", "Working hours in South Korea __knowledge__ In the process, many workers have contributed to increase GDP of South Korea and therefore working hours continuously increase at the same time.", "Labour law in Bulgaria __knowledge__ Labour law regulates the legal relationship in Bulgaria between individual workers and employees (individual labour law) as well as between coalitions and representative bodies.", "Labour law in Bulgaria __knowledge__ Bulgarian labour law is characterized by a multi-stage normative regulation.", "Labour law in Bulgaria __knowledge__ In addition to the Labour Code (Bulg: Кодекс на труда) from 1986 numerous detailed primary and secondary rules and regulations are applicable (Regulation for minors below the age of 15 (1986) Bulg: Наредба за работата на лицата, ненашършили 15-годишна възраст; Regulation No.", "Labour law in Bulgaria __knowledge__ 4 of 1993 on the necessary documents which must accompany an employment contract Наредба №4 за документите, които са необходими за сключване на трудов договор; Regulation No.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Glossary of rugby union terms __knowledge__ Rugby union is a team sport played between two teams of fifteen players.", "Glossary of rugby union terms __knowledge__ It is known for its rich terminology.", "Glossary of rugby union terms __knowledge__ This is a general glossary of the terminology used in the sport of rugby union.", "Glossary of rugby union terms __knowledge__ Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics.", "Glossary of rugby union terms __knowledge__ 22 The 22 m line, marking from the tryline.", "Glossary of rugby union terms __knowledge__ 89 An \"89\" or \"eight-nine move\" is a phase following a \"scrum\", in which the \"number 8\" picks up the ball and transfers it to number 9 (\"scrum-half\").", "Glossary of rugby union terms __knowledge__ 99 The \"99\" call was a policy of simultaneous retaliation by the 1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, (the 99 comes from the British emergency services telephone number which is 999).", "Laws of rugby union __knowledge__ The laws of Rugby Union are defined by World Rugby (originally the International Rugby Football Board, and later International Rugby Board) and dictate how the game should be played.", "Laws of rugby union __knowledge__ They are enforced by a referee, generally with the help of two assistant referees.", "Laws of rugby union __knowledge__ When playing a game of Rugby Union the overall objective is to score more points than the opposition through tries and goals.", "Laws of rugby union __knowledge__ A try worth five points is scored when a team grounds the ball in the opposition's in-goal.", "Laws of rugby union __knowledge__ A conversion (kick at a goal) is then attempted by either place or drop kicking the ball between the H-shaped goal posts and above the crossbar, if successful this is worth two extra points.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ Rugby union, commonly known in most of the world as rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ In its most common form, a game is between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field with H-shaped goalposts on each try line.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ Rugby union is a popular sport around the world, played by male and female players of all ages.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ In 2014, there were more than 6 million people playing worldwide, of whom 2.36 million were registered players.", "Fouls and misconduct (association football) __knowledge__ Fouls and misconduct in football/soccer are acts committed by players which are deemed by the referee to be unfair and are subsequently penalized.", "Fouls and misconduct (association football) __knowledge__ An offence may be a foul, misconduct or both depending on the nature of the offence and the circumstances in which it occurs.", "Fouls and misconduct (association football) __knowledge__ Fouls and misconduct are addressed in Law 12 of the Laws of the Game.", "Fouls and misconduct (association football) __knowledge__ A foul is an unfair act by a player, deemed by the referee to contravene the game's laws, that interferes with the active play of the game.", "Fouls and misconduct (association football) __knowledge__ Fouls are punished by the award of a direct free kick (possibly a penalty kick) to the opposing team.", "Fouls and misconduct (association football) __knowledge__ A list of specific offences that can be fouls are detailed in Law 12 of the Laws of the Game (other infractions, such as technical infractions at restarts, are not deemed to be fouls), these mostly concern unnecessarily aggressive physical play and the offence of handling the ball.", "Rules of water polo __knowledge__ The rules of water polo are the rules and regulations which cover the play, procedure, equipment and officiating of water polo.", "Rules of water polo __knowledge__ These rules are similar throughout the world, although slight variations to the rules do occur regionally and depending on the governing body.", "Rules of water polo __knowledge__ Governing bodies of water polo include FINA, the international governing organisation for the rules; the NCAA rules, which govern the rules for collegiate matches in the United States; the NFHS rules which govern the rules in high schools in the USA and the IOC rules which govern the rules at Olympic events.", "Rules of water polo __knowledge__ Senior games consist of seven players from each team (six field players and a goalkeeper) that are allowed in the playing area of the pool during game play.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ A comparison of American football and rugby union is possible because of the games' shared origins, despite their dissimilarities.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ In the event of a tackle in rugby the player may pass the ball behind him provided he is not on the ground.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ If the tackled player is on the ground, the ball must be released, allowing any other player (including the opposition) to pick up the ball (usually a ruck forms) and the play continues.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ In the event of a tackle in American Football the play is concluded and the team on offense maintains possession usually if either the ball was advanced past the first down marker (resulting in a first down and a renewal of the down count) or else the down count advances (although if the play was the fourth down play and the ball is not advanced past the first down marker then the defensive team would gain possession)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Mike McCarthy (gridiron football) __knowledge__ Michael P. \"Mike\" McCarthy (born March 21, 1953) is a professional football executive and scout.", "Mike McCarthy (gridiron football) __knowledge__ He was born in Oneida, New York and raised in Rome, New York.", "Mike McCarthy (gridiron football) __knowledge__ McCarthy began playing football at Rome (NY) Free Academy H.S.", "Mike McCarthy (gridiron football) __knowledge__ where he earned All-State football honours and was an all-star in lacrosse and wrestling.", "Mike McCarthy (gridiron football) __knowledge__ Currently, he is a Pro Football Player Personnel Consultant.", "Mike McCarthy (gridiron football) __knowledge__ McCarthy's career highlights include; induction into the Rome Sports Hall of Fame for lifetime achievement in sports (1992); induction into the Scouts Hall of Fame; and his 2008, induction into Southwestern College's Athletic Hall of Fame.", "Endurance (TV series) __knowledge__ Endurance was an American reality television children's program, previously shown on the Discovery Kids cable network in the United States and also on networks in other countries.", "Endurance (TV series) __knowledge__ The show's format is somewhat similar to the CBS television series \"Survivor\", though with a teenaged cast (however, there are more elements of the U.S. version of \"Big Brother\").", "Endurance (TV series) __knowledge__ \"Endurance\" contestants live in a remote location and participate in various mental and physical challenges, although \"Endurance\" contestants compete as pairs (one boy and one girl), and the outcome of the competitions determines which pair of players is eliminated.", "Lewis & Clark Baseball League __knowledge__ The Lewis & Clark Baseball League, or LCBL, was (the league folded after the 2016 season) a collegiate summer baseball league comprising teams of the top college players from the St. Louis metropolitan area and beyond.", "Lewis & Clark Baseball League __knowledge__ Founded by Nicholas R. A. Mahrt in 2013, this upstart amateur baseball season runs from June through early August in the St. Louis metropolitan area.", "Lewis & Clark Baseball League __knowledge__ It is a non-profit organization and the charter member of the Commonwealth Leagues yUnited a nationwide collection of baseball leagues that put the emphasis on student-athlete's summer work/study opportunities.", "Lewis & Clark Baseball League __knowledge__ Players are not paid, as to maintain their college eligibility and amateur status; their ages range from 18-23.", "CBR Brave __knowledge__ The CBR Brave is a semi-professional ice hockey team based in Phillip, Australian Capital Territory.", "CBR Brave __knowledge__ The team is a member of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL).", "CBR Brave __knowledge__ The team was founded in 2014 to replace the defunct Canberra Knights in the AIHL.", "CBR Brave __knowledge__ They play their home games out of the Phillip Ice Skating Centre known as \"The Brave Cave\".", "CBR Brave __knowledge__ The CBR Brave was founded in March 2014 to replace the Canberra Knights in the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL).", "CBR Brave __knowledge__ On 26 February 2014 Knights owner, John Raut, handed back his AIHL licence and folded the team after 33 years of existence citing financial costs, lack of a local player pool and sustained poor performances for the reason he came to this decision.", "Tennis scoring system __knowledge__ The tennis scoring system is the standard system by which tennis matches and tournaments are generally operated and scored.", "Tennis scoring system __knowledge__ A tennis tournament is organized into matches between players (for \"singles\" tournaments) or teams of two players (for \"doubles\" tournaments).", "Tennis scoring system __knowledge__ Very often the tournament takes the form of a knockout tournament consisting of several rounds.", "Tennis scoring system __knowledge__ In round 1, all players (or teams) are paired (assuming there are no byes) and play a match against each other.", "Tennis scoring system __knowledge__ The losers are eliminated, and take no further part in the tournament (this is single elimination).", "Tennis scoring system __knowledge__ The winners are again paired to matches in the next round.", "Chemin de Fer des Côtes-du-Nord __knowledge__ The Chemin de fer des Côtes-du-Nord (abbr.", "Chemin de Fer des Côtes-du-Nord __knowledge__ CdN, lit.", "Chemin de Fer des Côtes-du-Nord __knowledge__ Railway of the Côtes-du-Nord), the Côtes-d'Armor today, was a , metre gauge, railway in Côtes-du-Nord, France, although there were a few kilometres of line in Finistère and Ille-et-Vilaine.", "Chemin de Fer des Côtes-du-Nord __knowledge__ The first lines opened in 1905 and final closure was in 1956.", "Chemin de Fer des Côtes-du-Nord __knowledge__ The lines were a \"voie ferrée d'intérêt local\" system with a total extent of .", "Chemin de Fer des Côtes-du-Nord __knowledge__ The system was constructed in two stages, the initial lines built between 1905 and 1907, and the extensions during and after the First World War which were opened between 1916 and 1926.", "Chemin de Fer des Côtes-du-Nord __knowledge__ These lines would make the CdN slightly bigger than the Réseau Breton.", "Edinburgh Capitals __knowledge__ The Edinburgh Capitals are a Scottish ice hockey club, playing in the UK-wide Elite Ice Hockey League.", "Edinburgh Capitals __knowledge__ They are based in the Scottish capital, Edinburgh.", "Edinburgh Capitals __knowledge__ The team play at the Murrayfield Ice Rink, close to Murrayfield Rugby stadium.", "Edinburgh Capitals __knowledge__ The team are owned by Scott Neil – who saved ice hockey in Edinburgh after the collapse of the Murrayfield Racers and Murrayfield Royals – and local businessman, Matthew Tailford and George Ferdinando.", "Edinburgh Capitals __knowledge__ The Edinburgh Capitals were founded in 1998, following the collapse of the Murrayfield Royals, replacing them in the British National League (BNL).", "Edinburgh Capitals __knowledge__ The first three seasons for the new Edinburgh team were largely unsuccessful, finishing 8th out of 9 in their inaugural season (ahead of the Paisley Pirates), 8th out of 10 in their second season (ahead of the Milton Keynes Kings and the Pirates), and 9th out of 10 in their third season (finishing once again ahead of the Pirates).", "Working time __knowledge__ Working time is the period of time that a person spends at paid labor.", "Working time __knowledge__ Unpaid labor such as personal housework or caring for children or pets is not considered part of the working week.", "Working time __knowledge__ Many countries regulate the work week by law, such as stipulating minimum daily rest periods, annual holidays, and a maximum number of working hours per week.", "Working time __knowledge__ Working time may vary from person to person, often depending on location, culture, lifestyle choice, and the profitability of the individual's livelihood.", "Working time __knowledge__ For example, someone who is supporting children and paying a large mortgage will need to work more hours to meet basic costs of living than someone of the same earning power without children.", "Labour law in Bulgaria __knowledge__ Labour law regulates the legal relationship in Bulgaria between individual workers and employees (individual labour law) as well as between coalitions and representative bodies.", "Labour law in Bulgaria __knowledge__ Bulgarian labour law is characterized by a multi-stage normative regulation.", "Labour law in Bulgaria __knowledge__ In addition to the Labour Code (Bulg: Кодекс на труда) from 1986 numerous detailed primary and secondary rules and regulations are applicable (Regulation for minors below the age of 15 (1986) Bulg: Наредба за работата на лицата, ненашършили 15-годишна възраст; Regulation No.", "Labour law in Bulgaria __knowledge__ 4 of 1993 on the necessary documents which must accompany an employment contract Наредба №4 за документите, които са необходими за сключване на трудов договор; Regulation No.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Workweek and weekend __knowledge__ The workweek and weekend are those complementary parts of the week devoted to labour and rest, respectively.", "Workweek and weekend __knowledge__ The legal working week (British English), or workweek (American English), is the part of the seven-day week devoted to labour.", "Workweek and weekend __knowledge__ In most of the Western world, it is Monday to Friday; the weekend is Saturday and Sunday.", "Workweek and weekend __knowledge__ A weekday or workday is any day of the working week.", "Workweek and weekend __knowledge__ Other institutions often follow the pattern, such as places of education.", "Workweek and weekend __knowledge__ In some Christian traditions, Sunday is the \"day of rest and worship\".", "Workweek and weekend __knowledge__ Jewish \"Shabbat\" or Biblical Sabbath lasts from sunset on Friday to the fall of full darkness on Saturday; as a result, the weekend in Israel is observed on Friday–Saturday.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The following is a description of the various and alternating rules of gridiron football.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Numerous leagues or organizations tend to send a laundry list of rules in order to better distinguish themselves from their counterparts.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ American football is played on a field .", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The longer boundary lines are \"sidelines\", while the shorter boundary lines are \"end lines\".", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Sidelines and end lines are out of bounds.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Near each end of the field is a \"goal line\"; they are apart.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ A scoring area called an \"end zone\" extends beyond each goal line to each end line.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The end zone includes the goal line but not the end line.", "Overtime __knowledge__ Overtime is the amount of time someone works beyond \"normal working hours\".", "Overtime __knowledge__ The term is also used for the pay received for this time.", "Overtime __knowledge__ Normal hours may be determined in several ways: Most nations have overtime labour laws designed to dissuade or prevent employers from forcing their employees to work excessively long hours.", "Overtime __knowledge__ These laws may take into account other considerations than the humanitarian, such as preserving the health of workers so that they may continue to be productive, or increasing the overall level of employment in the economy.", "Overtime __knowledge__ One common approach to regulating overtime is to require employers to pay workers at a higher hourly rate for overtime work." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Catan: Cities & Knights __knowledge__ Catan: Cities & Knights (), formerly \"The Cities and Knights of Catan\" is an expansion to the board game \"The Settlers of Catan\" for three to four players (five to six player play is also possible with the \"Settlers\" and \"Cities & Knights\" five to six player extensions; two-player play is possible with the \"\" expansion).", "Catan: Cities & Knights __knowledge__ It contains features taken from \"The Settlers of Catan\", with emphasis on city development and the use of knights, which are used as a method of attacking other players as well as helping opponents defend Catan against a common foe.", "Catan: Cities & Knights __knowledge__ \"Cities & Knights\" can also be combined with the \"\" expansion or with scenarios (again, five to six player play only possible with the applicable five to six player extension(s)).", "Left 4 Dead __knowledge__ Left 4 Dead is a cooperative first-person shooter video game, developed by Valve South and published by Valve Corporation.", "Left 4 Dead __knowledge__ The game uses Valve's proprietary Source engine, and is available for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360 and OS X.", "Left 4 Dead __knowledge__ Development on the game was completed on November 13, 2008, and two versions were released digitally: A downloadable digital version, released on November 17, 2008, and a digital retail disc version, with a release date determined by region.", "Left 4 Dead __knowledge__ The digital retail disc version was released in North America and Australia on November 18, 2008; and in Europe on November 21, 2008.", "Tehkan World Cup __knowledge__ Tehkan World Cup, aka.", "Tehkan World Cup __knowledge__ \"Tecmo Cup\", is the first multi-player soccer game featuring a trackball controller.", "Tehkan World Cup __knowledge__ Programmed by Michishito Ishizuka it was released to arcades in 1985 by Tehkan, Ltd., the former name of Tecmo, Inc. Its arrival coincided with the buildup to the 1986 FIFA World Cup.", "Tehkan World Cup __knowledge__ It featured the then colors of several of the world's top teams such as West Germany, Argentina and Brazil, although it did not mention any team by name.", "Tehkan World Cup __knowledge__ It was most commonly released in a cocktail cabinet form factor, while graphically it offered a two-dimensional birds-eye view of the field that was unique for its time.", "Three player mahjong __knowledge__ Three-player mahjong is a variation of mahjong for three players rather than the more common four player variations.", "Three player mahjong __knowledge__ It is not a mere adaption of four player mahjong to suit only three players but has its own rules and idiosyncrasies that place it apart from the more standard variations.", "Three player mahjong __knowledge__ The equipment used and the basic mechanisms are much like four player variations though some tiles are removed, certain plays are prohibited and the scoring system is simplified.", "Three player mahjong __knowledge__ The game is embraced in some Asian countries while ignored or snubbed in others.", "Three player mahjong __knowledge__ Three-player mahjong is played mostly in Japan, Korea and Malaysia.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ Crazy Taxi is a series of score attack racing video games that was developed by Hitmaker and published by Sega.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ The first game appeared in arcades in 1999 and was very successful, prompting Sega to port the arcade version to their Dreamcast console in 2000.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ It is the third best-selling Dreamcast game in the United States, selling over a million copies.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ The game was later ported to the PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, and PC with sequels also appearing on the Xbox, Game Boy Advance, and PlayStation Portable systems.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ Each game has the player assume the role of a taxi driver who must accumulate money by delivering passengers to their destinations in the fastest time possible, earning tips by performing \"crazy stunts\" before the time runs out.", "Winning Streak __knowledge__ Winning Streak is an Irish television game show, Europe's second longest-running after the UK's Countdown.", "Winning Streak __knowledge__ Aired weekly in Ireland, five contestants play a number of games to win cars, holidays, and cash prizes up to €1,000,000.", "Winning Streak __knowledge__ Broadcast on Saturday nights between September and June on RTÉ One, the game show is among the channel's most popular programmes, often ranking among the top five in the ratings.", "Winning Streak __knowledge__ However, there was a significant drop in viewership in the 2008/2009 series.", "Winning Streak __knowledge__ The game show began on 21 September 1990, and has been hosted by popular television personalities Mike Murphy (1990–2001) and Derek Mooney (2001–2008).", "History of Ohio State Buckeyes football __knowledge__ The history of Ohio State Buckeyes football covers 125 years through the 2014 season.", "History of Ohio State Buckeyes football __knowledge__ The team has represented the Ohio State University in the Western Conference, its successor the Big Ten, and in the NCAA Division I.", "History of Ohio State Buckeyes football __knowledge__ Its history parallels the development of college football as a major sport in the United States and demonstrates the status of the Buckeyes as one of its major programs.", "History of Ohio State Buckeyes football __knowledge__ In the mid-1880s the growing fever of the Walter Camp-style of football, formulated between 1880 and 1883 among colleges of the future Ivy League, reached Columbus, Ohio.", "History of Ohio State Buckeyes football __knowledge__ Abortive early attempts at forming a team occurred in 1886 and 1987.", "The Abolition of Work __knowledge__ \"The Abolition of Work\" is an essay written by Bob Black in 1985.", "The Abolition of Work __knowledge__ It was part of Black's first book, an anthology of essays entitled \"The Abolition of Work and Other Essays\" published by Loompanics Unlimited.", "The Abolition of Work __knowledge__ It is an exposition of Black's \"type 3 anarchism\" – a blend of post-Situationist theory and individualist anarchism – focusing on a critique of the work ethic.", "The Abolition of Work __knowledge__ Black draws upon certain ideas of Marshall Sahlins, Richard Borshay Lee, Charles Fourier, William Morris, and Paul Goodman.", "The Abolition of Work __knowledge__ Although \"The Abolition of Work\" has most often been reprinted by anarchist publishers and Black is well known as an anarchist, the essay's argument is not explicitly anarchist.", "Bob Black __knowledge__ Robert Charles \"Bob\" Black Jr. (born January 4, 1951) is an American anarchist.", "Bob Black __knowledge__ He is the author of the books \"The Abolition of Work and Other Essays\", \"Beneath the Underground\", \"Friendly Fire\", \"Anarchy After Leftism\", \"Defacing the Currency\", and numerous political essays.", "Bob Black __knowledge__ Black graduated from the University of Michigan and Georgetown Law School.", "Bob Black __knowledge__ He later took M.A.", "Bob Black __knowledge__ degrees in jurisprudence and social policy from the University of California (Berkeley), criminal justice from the State University of New York (SUNY) at Albany, and an LL.M in criminal law from the SUNY Buffalo School of Law.", "Bob Black __knowledge__ During his college days (1969–1973) he became disillusioned with the New Left of the 1970s and undertook extensive readings in anarchism, utopian socialism, council communism, and other left tendencies critical of both Marxism–Leninism and social democracy.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Ronaldinho __knowledge__ Ronaldo de Assis Moreira (born 21 March 1980), commonly known as Ronaldinho () or Ronaldinho Gaúcho, is a Brazilian former professional footballer and ambassador for Spanish club Barcelona.", "Ronaldinho __knowledge__ He played mostly as an attacking midfielder, but was also deployed as a forward or a winger.", "Ronaldinho __knowledge__ He played the bulk of his career at European clubs Paris Saint-Germain, Barcelona and Milan as well as playing for the Brazilian national team.", "Ronaldinho __knowledge__ Often considered one of the best players of his generation and regarded by many as one of the greatest of all time, Ronaldinho won two FIFA World Player of the Year awards and a Ballon d'Or.", "Drew Brees __knowledge__ Drew Christopher Brees (;) (born January 15, 1979) is an American football quarterback for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL).", "Drew Brees __knowledge__ After a prolific college football career at Purdue University, he was chosen by the San Diego Chargers with the first pick in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft.", "Drew Brees __knowledge__ He left college as one of the most decorated players in Purdue and Big Ten Conference history, establishing two NCAA records, 13 Big Ten Conference records, and 19 Purdue University records.", "Drew Brees __knowledge__ As of 2017, he remains the Big Ten record-holder in several passing categories, including completions (1,026), attempts (1,678), and yards (11,792).", "Dale Murphy __knowledge__ Dale Bryan Murphy (born March 12, 1956) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder, catcher, and first baseman.", "Dale Murphy __knowledge__ During an 18-year baseball career, 1976–93, he played for three different teams, but is best noted for his time with the Atlanta Braves.", "Dale Murphy __knowledge__ Murphy won consecutive National League Most Valuable Player Awards (1982–83), the National League's Silver Slugger Award four straight years (1982–85), and the National League's Gold Glove Award five straight years (1982–86).", "Dale Murphy __knowledge__ He is an inductee to the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame, Georgia Sports Hall of Fame, and World Sports Humanitarian Hall of Fame.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ The tendency of the rate of profit to fall (TRPF) is a hypothesis in economics and political economy, most famously expounded by Karl Marx in chapter 13 of \"Capital, Volume III\".", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ Although not accepted in 20th century mainstream economics, the existence of such a tendency was widely noted throughout the 19th century.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ Economists as diverse as Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, David Ricardo and Stanley Jevons referred explicitly to the TRPF as an empirical phenomenon that needed to be explained.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ They differed in the reasons they gave for why the TRPF might necessarily occur.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ In his 1857 \"Grundrisse\" manuscript, Karl Marx called the tendency of the rate of profit to fall \"the most important law of political economy\" and sought to give a causal explanation for it, in terms of his theory of capital accumulation." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 15, 77, 33 ]

[ "I see, well its a simple game really. Two teams compete to shoot a rubber puck into the opponent's goal to score points!", "Its due to foul play by the opposition, sometimes when a move is seem as being too fast-paced and physical, the referee gives a penalty!", "Overtime is usually given for play beyond normal working hours for hockey players. Usually due to interruptions in the game that add up incrementally.", "Precisely, these are in place in order to consider the players' health and productive play!", "They play as long as required or if they're subbed off by the coach, or even if there is a significant drop in viewership of the game!" ]

[ "Ice hockey", "Ice hockey", "Ice hockey", "Ice hockey", "Ice hockey" ]

[ "Violin\nAre the sweet sound of the Violin not the most relaxing thing. Do you know how long the Violin has been around?", "It's wild to think something that has been around that long can still sooth a crying baby,", "I'd do as far as to say they are what most symphony music is based on. ", "Is there a difference between a Violin and Fiddle?", "Crazy all the different sounds you can get from it." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music.", "Josip Jurčević __knowledge__ Josip Jurčević (born 1951) is a Croatian historian and right-wing politician.", "Josip Jurčević __knowledge__ Born in the village of Studenci near the southern town of Imotski, Jurčević grew up in Zagreb.", "Josip Jurčević __knowledge__ He graduated in history and philosophy from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb in 1975.", "Josip Jurčević __knowledge__ Josip Jurčević is the father of seven children.", "Josip Jurčević __knowledge__ He is the author of several books.", "Josip Jurčević __knowledge__ At the University of Osijek and at the Pedagogical University in Petrinja he has teaching positions.", "Josip Jurčević __knowledge__ Josip Jurčević is a member of a Croatian War Veterans Association.", "Josip Jurčević __knowledge__ The \"Nacional\" newspaper described him in 2006 as the new voice of the Croatian right.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Gajananrao Joshi __knowledge__ Gajanan Anant Joshi also Gajananbuwa Joshi (30 January 1911 – 1987) was a unique and versatile vocalist and a renowned violinist in the field of Hindustani music.", "Gajananrao Joshi __knowledge__ Pandit Gajananrao Joshi also known, respectfully and affectionately, as Gajananbuwa Joshi came from a family of musicians.", "Gajananrao Joshi __knowledge__ His grandfather Manohar had studied dhrupad and dhamar, and his father Anant Manohar Joshi was a distinguished khayal singer who had studied under Balakrishnabuwa Ichalkaranjikar.", "Gajananrao Joshi __knowledge__ Gajananbuwa studied \"gayaki\" of Gwalior gharana under his father and also under other teachers in whom he found something to learn, and assimilated other styles in his art.", "Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019 __knowledge__ The six sonatas for violin and obbligato harpsichord BWV 1014–1019 by Johann Sebastian Bach are works in trio sonata form, with the two upper parts in the harpsichord and violin over a bass line supplied by the harpsichord and an optional viola da gamba.", "Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019 __knowledge__ Unlike baroque sonatas for solo instrument and continuo, where the realisation of the figured bass was left to the discretion of the performer, the keyboard part in the sonatas was almost entirely specified by Bach.", "Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019 __knowledge__ They were probably mostly composed during Bach's final years in Cöthen between 1720 and 1723, before he moved to Leipzig.", "Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019 __knowledge__ The extant sources for the collection span the whole of Bach's period in Leipzig, during which time he continued to make changes to the score.", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ The harpsichord concertos, BWV 1052–1065, are concertos for harpsichord, strings and continuo by Johann Sebastian Bach.", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ There are seven complete concertos for a single harpsichord (BWV 1052–1058), three concertos for two harpsichords (BWV 1060–1062), two concertos for three harpsichords (BWV 1063 and 1064), and one concerto for four harpsichords (BWV 1065).", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ Two other concertos include solo harpsichord parts: the concerto BWV 1044, which has solo parts for harpsichord, violin and flute, and \"Brandenburg Concerto\" No.", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ 5 in D major, with the same scoring.", "Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach __knowledge__ In addition, there is a nine-bar concerto fragment for harpsichord (BWV 1059) which adds an oboe to the strings and continuo.", "Ursula Bagdasarjanz __knowledge__ Ursula Bagdasarjanz (born 1934 in Winterthur) is a Swiss violinist Ursula Bagdasarjanz was born in Winterthur, Switzerland, to a mother who was herself a violinist.", "Ursula Bagdasarjanz __knowledge__ The seeds of Ursula's musical talent were sown in the cradle, or, as she herself believes, were bestowed as a gift to accompany her through life.", "Ursula Bagdasarjanz __knowledge__ Her father, Samuel Bagdasarjanz was born in Romania, whence his family emigrated to Switzerland.", "Ursula Bagdasarjanz __knowledge__ Through her mother, Margrit Weiss, born in Switzerland, Ursula learnt at an early age to express herself on her instrument.", "Ursula Bagdasarjanz __knowledge__ In 1944, at the age of ten, Ursula Bagdasarjanz gave her first concert (Beethoven Romance in F major)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music.", "Infant crying __knowledge__ Infant crying is the crying of infants as a response to an internal or external stimulus.", "Infant crying __knowledge__ Infants cry as a form of basic instinctive communication.", "Infant crying __knowledge__ Essentially, newborns are transitioning from life in the womb to the external environment.", "Infant crying __knowledge__ Up to 27% of parents describe problems with infant crying in the first four months.", "Infant crying __knowledge__ Up to 38% identify a problem with their infant crying within the first year.", "Infant crying __knowledge__ Parents can be concerned about the amount of time that their infant cries, how the infant can be consoled, and disrupted sleeping patterns.", "Infant crying __knowledge__ Colic is used as a synonym for excessive crying of infants, even though colic may not be the cause of excessive crying.", "Crybaby Bridge __knowledge__ Crybaby Bridge is a nickname given to some bridges in the United States.", "Crybaby Bridge __knowledge__ The name often reflects an urban legend that the sound of a baby can be, or has been, heard from the bridge.", "Crybaby Bridge __knowledge__ Many are also accompanied by an urban legend relating to a baby or young child/children.", "Crybaby Bridge __knowledge__ There is an alleged \"Crybaby\" bridge in Blackstone, Virginia.", "Crybaby Bridge __knowledge__ The story goes that some children died around the bridge (accounts vary as to whether their death was accidental or intentional), and that at night their cries can be heard and a woman can be seen walking along the edge of the woods.", "Crybaby Bridge __knowledge__ Other phenomena reported include footsteps and the feeling of an 'evil presence.'", "Bloody Saturday (photograph) __knowledge__ Bloody Saturday (血腥的星期六) is the name of a black-and-white photograph that was published widely in September–October 1937 and in less than a month had been seen by more than 136 million viewers.", "Bloody Saturday (photograph) __knowledge__ Depicting a Chinese baby crying within the bombed-out ruins of Shanghai South Railway Station, the photograph became known as a cultural icon demonstrating Japanese wartime atrocities in China.", "Bloody Saturday (photograph) __knowledge__ Taken a few minutes after a Japanese air attack on civilians during the Battle of Shanghai, Hearst Corporation photographer H. S. \"Newsreel\" Wong, also known as Wong Hai-Sheng or Wang Xiaoting, did not discover the identity or even the sex of the injured child, whose mother lay dead nearby.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "String instrument __knowledge__ String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.", "String instrument __knowledge__ Musicians play some string instruments by plucking the strings with their fingers or a plectrum—and others by hitting the strings with a light wooden hammer or by rubbing the strings with a bow.", "String instrument __knowledge__ In some keyboard instruments, such as the harpsichord , the musician presses a key that plucks the string.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With bowed instruments, the player rubs the strings with a horsehair bow, causing them to vibrate.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With a hurdy-gurdy, the musician operates a mechanical wheel that rubs the strings.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello ( ; plural cellos or celli) or violoncello ( ; ) is a bowed, and sometimes plucked, string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths.", "Cello __knowledge__ The strings from low to high are generally tuned to C, G, D and A, an octave lower than the viola.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the bass member of the violin family of musical instruments, which also includes the violin, viola and the double bass.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello is used as a solo musical instrument, as well as in chamber music ensembles (e.g., string quartet), string orchestras, as a member of the string section of symphony orchestras, and some types of rock bands.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the second-largest and second lowest (in pitch) bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, the double bass being the largest and having the lowest (deepest) pitch.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The classical guitar (also known as concert guitar, classical acoustic, nylon-string guitar, or Spanish guitar) is the member of the guitar family used in classical music.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ It is an acoustical wooden guitar with strings made of nylon, rather than the metal strings used in acoustic and electric guitars.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The traditional classical guitar has twelve frets clear of the body and is held on the left leg, so that the hand that plucks or strums the strings does so near the back of the soundhole (this is called the classical position).", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The modern steel string guitar, on the other hand, usually has fourteen frets clear of the body (see Dreadnought) and is commonly played off the hip.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music.", "Hartford Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ The Hartford Symphony Orchestra (HSO) is an American orchestra based in Hartford, Connecticut.", "Hartford Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ The orchestra presents more than 230 concerts annually to audiences numbering more than 110,000.", "Hartford Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ The Hartford Symphony Orchestra’s extensive array of Education and Community Activities serves more than 22,000 individuals in Hartford and surrounding communities annually.", "Hartford Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ The Hartford Symphony Orchestra is supported by nearly 4,500 subscribers and over 2,000 donors.", "Hartford Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ The organization has been greatly strengthened by an extensive level of communication and involvement with its musicians that has become a national model for orchestral governance.", "Akron Youth Symphony __knowledge__ Founded in 1955, the Akron Youth Symphony (AYS) is the pre-professional youth orchestra affiliated with the Akron Symphony.", "Akron Youth Symphony __knowledge__ AYS is a full symphonic ensemble that performs large-scale orchestral repertoire.", "Akron Youth Symphony __knowledge__ A rigorously structured program, the Akron Youth Symphony is a collaboration between the Akron Symphony, Akron Public Schools and the University of Akron.", "Akron Youth Symphony __knowledge__ Akron Symphony musicians serve as coaches and are closely involved with AYS members.", "Akron Youth Symphony __knowledge__ The orchestra includes young musicians from across Northeast Ohio, including a small minority who aspire to become professional musicians as well as the larger majority who appreciate and support the arts because of the high-caliber musicianship offered through AYS.", "David Lockington __knowledge__ David Lockington was born on October 11, 1956 in Dartford, Kent, UK.", "David Lockington __knowledge__ He is music director laureate of the Grand Rapids Symphony, a regional orchestra located in Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S.. Lockington became the 13th music director of the Grand Rapids Symphony in January 1999 and stepped down from the post in May 2015 at the end of his 16th season with the orchestra.", "David Lockington __knowledge__ Prior to his tenure in Grand Rapids, Lockington served as the music director for the New Mexico Symphony Orchestra (1996–2000) and the Long Island Philharmonic (1995–2000).", "David Lockington __knowledge__ In May 2007, Lockington was named music director of the Modesto Symphony Orchestra in Modesto, California.", "John Axelrod __knowledge__ John Neal Axelrod (born March 28, 1966 in Houston, Texas) is an American conductor.", "John Axelrod __knowledge__ Axelrod was elected Artistic and Musical Director of the Royal Symphony Orchestra of Seville in 2014 and is Principal Conductor of the Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano, \"Giuseppe Verdi\", also known as \"LaVerdi\".", "John Axelrod __knowledge__ Between 2009 and 2013, Axelrod was Music Director of l'Orchestre National des Pays de la Loire, based in Nantes and Angers, France; and from 2009 to 2011, Axelrod served as Music Director of \"Hollywood In Vienna\" Gala Concerts with the ORF Radio Symphony Orchestra, Vienna.", "John Axelrod __knowledge__ He has also served as Music Director and Chief Conductor of the Lucerne Symphony Orchestra from 2004 to 2009, and from 2001 to 2009 as Principal Guest Conductor of Sinfonietta Cracovia.", "Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ The Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (PSO) is an American orchestra based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ The orchestra's home is Heinz Hall, located in Pittsburgh's Cultural District.", "Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ The Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ The orchestra's home is Heinz Hall for the Performing Arts, located in Pittsburgh's downtown Cultural District.", "Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ Its current music director is Austrian Manfred Honeck, who joined the orchestra in 2008, and its current president and CEO is Melia Tourangeau.", "Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ The Pittsburgh Symphony presents classical, pops, education, community engagement and special concerts throughout the year at Heinz Hall and in the community.", "San Antonio Symphony __knowledge__ The San Antonio Symphony is a full-time professional symphony orchestra based in San Antonio, Texas.", "San Antonio Symphony __knowledge__ Its season runs from late September to early June.", "San Antonio Symphony __knowledge__ Sebastian Lang-Lessing is Music Director.", "San Antonio Symphony __knowledge__ The orchestra is a resident organization of the Tobin Center for the Performing Arts in San Antonio.", "San Antonio Symphony __knowledge__ The San Antonio Symphony presents a large and diverse selection of music on its concert schedule.", "San Antonio Symphony __knowledge__ The 2014–2015 season includes 14 different classical subscription programs (each performed twice), six Pops programs (also performed twice each), four different programs in a Young People's Concerts series (each performed six times), six programs in a Casual Classics series, two programs in a Family Concerts series, three programs in a Baroque Concerts series, and other \"Special Attractions\" performed from one to 11 times.", "Charles Munch (conductor) __knowledge__ Charles Munch (; born Charles Münch; 26 September 1891 – 6 November 1968) was an Alsacian symphonic conductor and violinist.", "Charles Munch (conductor) __knowledge__ Noted for his mastery of the French orchestral repertoire, he was best known as music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra.", "Charles Munch (conductor) __knowledge__ Munch was born in Strasbourg, Alsace-Lorraine (a French territory at that period annexed by the German Empire).", "Charles Munch (conductor) __knowledge__ The son of organist and choir director Ernst Münch, he was the fifth in a family of six children.", "Charles Munch (conductor) __knowledge__ He was the brother of conductor Fritz Münch and the cousin of conductor and composer Hans Münch.", "Charles Munch (conductor) __knowledge__ Although his first ambition was to be a locomotive engineer, he studied violin at the Strasbourg Conservatoire.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "String instrument __knowledge__ String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.", "String instrument __knowledge__ Musicians play some string instruments by plucking the strings with their fingers or a plectrum—and others by hitting the strings with a light wooden hammer or by rubbing the strings with a bow.", "String instrument __knowledge__ In some keyboard instruments, such as the harpsichord , the musician presses a key that plucks the string.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With bowed instruments, the player rubs the strings with a horsehair bow, causing them to vibrate.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With a hurdy-gurdy, the musician operates a mechanical wheel that rubs the strings.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello ( ; plural cellos or celli) or violoncello ( ; ) is a bowed, and sometimes plucked, string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths.", "Cello __knowledge__ The strings from low to high are generally tuned to C, G, D and A, an octave lower than the viola.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the bass member of the violin family of musical instruments, which also includes the violin, viola and the double bass.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello is used as a solo musical instrument, as well as in chamber music ensembles (e.g., string quartet), string orchestras, as a member of the string section of symphony orchestras, and some types of rock bands.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the second-largest and second lowest (in pitch) bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, the double bass being the largest and having the lowest (deepest) pitch.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The classical guitar (also known as concert guitar, classical acoustic, nylon-string guitar, or Spanish guitar) is the member of the guitar family used in classical music.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ It is an acoustical wooden guitar with strings made of nylon, rather than the metal strings used in acoustic and electric guitars.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The traditional classical guitar has twelve frets clear of the body and is held on the left leg, so that the hand that plucks or strums the strings does so near the back of the soundhole (this is called the classical position).", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The modern steel string guitar, on the other hand, usually has fourteen frets clear of the body (see Dreadnought) and is commonly played off the hip.", "Long-string instrument __knowledge__ The long-string instrument is a musical instrument in which the string is of such a length that the fundamental transverse wave is below what a person can hear as a tone (±20 Hz).", "Long-string instrument __knowledge__ If the tension and the length result in sounds with such a frequency, the tone becomes a beating frequency that ranges from a short reverb (approx 5–10 meters) to longer echo sounds (longer than 10 meters).", "Long-string instrument __knowledge__ Besides the beating frequency, the string also gives higher pitched natural overtones.", "Long-string instrument __knowledge__ Since the length is that long, this has an effect on the attack tone.", "Long-string instrument __knowledge__ The attack tone shoots through the string in a longitudinal wave and generates the typical science-fiction laser-gun sound as heard in \"Star Wars\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ American fiddle-playing began with the early settlers who found that the small \"viol\" family instruments were portable and rugged.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ According to Ron Yule, \"John Utie, a 1620 immigrant, settled in the North and is credited as being the first known fiddler on American soil\".", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Early influences were Irish fiddle styles as well as Scottish and the more refined traditions of classical violin playing.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Popular tunes included \"Soldier's Joy\", for which Robert Burns had written lyrics, and other such tunes as \"Flowers of Edinburgh\" and \"Tamlin,\" which were claimed by both Scottish and Irish lineages.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Soon these tunes were Americanized; local variations developed in the Northern and Southern colonies.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ A fiddle is a bowed string musical instrument, most often a violin.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ It is also a colloquial term for the violin, used by players in all genres including classical music.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ Fiddle playing, or fiddling, refers to various styles of music.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ The fiddle is part of many traditional (folk) styles of music which are aural traditions, taught 'by ear' rather than via written music.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ There are few real distinctions between violins and fiddles, though more primitively constructed and smaller violins are more likely to be considered fiddles.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ Due to the style of the music played, fiddles may optionally be set up with a bridge with a flatter arch to reduce the range of right-arm motion needed for techniques such as the double shuffle, a form of bariolage involving rapid alternation between pairs of adjacent strings.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Pibroch, Piobaireachd or Ceòl Mòr is an art music genre associated primarily with the Scottish Highlands that is characterised by extended compositions with a melodic theme and elaborate formal variations.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Strictly meaning \"piping\" in Scottish Gaelic, \"piobaireachd\" has for some four centuries been music of the Great Highland Bagpipe.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Music of a similar nature, pre-dating the adoption on the Highland pipes, has historically been played on the wire-strung Gaelic harp (clarsach) and later on the Scottish fiddle, and this form is undergoing a revival.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ A more general term is \"ceol mor\" ( (reformed spelling); \"ceòl mór\" (unreformed spelling)), meaning the \"great music\", to distinguish this complex extended art-music from the more popular Scottish music such as dances, reels, marches and strathspeys, which are called ceòl beag or \"little music\".", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ A Hardanger fiddle (or in ) is a traditional stringed instrument used originally to play the music of Norway.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ In modern designs, this type of fiddle is very similar to the violin, though with eight or nine strings (rather than four as on a standard violin) and thinner wood.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ Four of the strings are strung and played like a violin, while the rest, aptly named understrings or sympathetic strings, resonate under the influence of the other four.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ The Hardingfele is used mainly in the southwest part of Norway, whereas the ordinary violin (called \"flatfele\" - 'flat fiddle' or \"vanlig fele\" - 'common fiddle') is found elsewhere.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ Old time fiddle is a genre of American folk music.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ \"Old time fiddle tunes\" derived from European folk dance tunes such as Jig, Reel, Breakdown, Schottische, Waltz, Two Step and Polka.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ The fiddle may be accompanied by banjo or other instruments but are nevertheless called \"fiddle tunes\".", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ The genre traces from the colonization of North America by immigrants from England, France, Germany, Ireland, and Scotland.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ It is separate and distinct from traditions which it has influenced or which may in part have evolved from it, such as bluegrass, country blues, variants of western swing and country rock.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ Starting in the 1920 some fiddlers, particularly younger ones like Aurtur Smith, were swept up in the new music, their style and repertoires reflected influences from blues, ragtime, and Tin Pan Alley.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "String instrument __knowledge__ String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.", "String instrument __knowledge__ Musicians play some string instruments by plucking the strings with their fingers or a plectrum—and others by hitting the strings with a light wooden hammer or by rubbing the strings with a bow.", "String instrument __knowledge__ In some keyboard instruments, such as the harpsichord , the musician presses a key that plucks the string.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With bowed instruments, the player rubs the strings with a horsehair bow, causing them to vibrate.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With a hurdy-gurdy, the musician operates a mechanical wheel that rubs the strings.", "Classical music __knowledge__ Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music.", "Classical music __knowledge__ While a more precise term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from before the 6th century AD to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows: European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European classical and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 11th century.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music.", "Phoneme __knowledge__ A phoneme () is one of the units of sound (or gesture in the case of sign languages, see chereme) that distinguish one word from another in a particular language.", "Phoneme __knowledge__ For example, in most dialects of English, the sound patterns (\"thumb\") and (\"dumb\") are two separate words distinguished by the substitution of one phoneme, , for another phoneme, .", "Phoneme __knowledge__ (Two words like this that differ in meaning through a contrast of a single phoneme form what is called a \"minimal pair\").", "Phoneme __knowledge__ In many other languages these would be interpreted as exactly the same set of phonemes (i.e.", "Phoneme __knowledge__ and would be considered the same).", "Phoneme __knowledge__ In linguistics, phonemes (usually established by the use of minimal pairs, such as \"kill\" vs \"kiss\" or \"pat\" vs \"bat\") are written between slashes, e.g.", "Phonological development __knowledge__ Sound is at the beginning of language learning.", "Phonological development __knowledge__ Children have to learn to distinguish different sounds and to segment the speech stream they are exposed to into units – eventually meaningful units – in order to acquire words and sentences.", "Phonological development __knowledge__ Here is one reason that speech segmentation is challenging: When you read, there are spaces between the words.", "Phonological development __knowledge__ No such spaces occur between spoken words.", "Phonological development __knowledge__ So, if an infant hears the sound sequence “thisisacup,” it has to learn to segment this stream into the distinct units “this”, “is”, “a”, and “cup.” Once the child is able to extract the sequence “cup” from the speech stream it has to assign a meaning to this word.", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ Franz Uri Boas (; ; July 9, 1858December 21, 1942) was a German-American anthropologist and a pioneer of modern anthropology who has been called the \"Father of American Anthropology\".", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ His work is associated with the movement of anthropological historicism.", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ Studying in Germany, Boas was awarded a doctorate in 1881 in physics while also studying geography.", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ He then participated in a geographical expedition to northern Canada, where he became fascinated with the culture and language of the Baffin Island Inuit.", "Franz Boas __knowledge__ He went on to do field work with the indigenous cultures and languages of the Pacific Northwest.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ \"Crazy in Love\" is a song by American singer Beyoncé featuring American rapper Jay-Z, from Beyoncé's debut solo studio album \"Dangerously in Love\" (2003).", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Both artists wrote and composed the song in collaboration with Rich Harrison and Eugene Record; the former also produced it with Beyoncé.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Using samples from The Chi-Lites's 1970 song \"Are You My Woman (Tell Me So)\", \"Crazy in Love\" is a contemporary R&B and pop love song that incorporates elements of hip hop, soul, and 1970s-style funk music.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Its lyrics describe a romantic obsession that causes the protagonist to act out of character.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"Crazy in Love\" as the lead single from \"Dangerously in Love\" on May 18, 2003.", "Go! Pop! Bang! __knowledge__ Go!", "Go! Pop! Bang! __knowledge__ Pop!", "Go! Pop! Bang! __knowledge__ Bang!", "Go! Pop! Bang! __knowledge__ is the debut studio album by American rapper Rye Rye.", "Go! Pop! Bang! __knowledge__ It was released on N.E.E.T.", "Go! Pop! Bang! __knowledge__ Recordings, an imprint of Interscope Records.", "Go! Pop! Bang! __knowledge__ The album was originally scheduled for release in 2009, but it has since been delayed several times, due to a pregnancy and label issues.", "Go! Pop! Bang! __knowledge__ It was eventually released on May 15, 2012, with a deluxe version available through digital music retailers.", "Go! Pop! Bang! __knowledge__ The album features several artists including M.I.A., Akon, Tyga, Robyn, and Porcelain Black.", "Go! Pop! Bang! __knowledge__ Production credits are given to M.I.A., The Neptunes, Mr. Bangladesh, and RedOne.", "Go! Pop! Bang! __knowledge__ The variety of styles brought from each producer was praised by critics.", "English orthography __knowledge__ English orthography is the system of writing conventions used to represent spoken English in written form that allows readers to connect spelling to sound to meaning.", "English orthography __knowledge__ Like the orthography of most world languages, English orthography has a broad degree of standardization.", "English orthography __knowledge__ However, unlike with most languages, there are multiple ways to spell nearly every phoneme (sound), and most letters also have multiple pronunciations depending on their position in a word and the context.", "English orthography __knowledge__ Several orthographic mistakes are common even among native speakers.", "English orthography __knowledge__ This is mainly due to the large number of words that have been borrowed from a large number of other languages throughout the history of the English language, without successful attempts at complete spelling reforms.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ Crazy Taxi is a series of score attack racing video games that was developed by Hitmaker and published by Sega.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ The first game appeared in arcades in 1999 and was very successful, prompting Sega to port the arcade version to their Dreamcast console in 2000.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ It is the third best-selling Dreamcast game in the United States, selling over a million copies.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ The game was later ported to the PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, and PC with sequels also appearing on the Xbox, Game Boy Advance, and PlayStation Portable systems.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ Each game has the player assume the role of a taxi driver who must accumulate money by delivering passengers to their destinations in the fastest time possible, earning tips by performing \"crazy stunts\" before the time runs out.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ American fiddle-playing began with the early settlers who found that the small \"viol\" family instruments were portable and rugged.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ According to Ron Yule, \"John Utie, a 1620 immigrant, settled in the North and is credited as being the first known fiddler on American soil\".", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Early influences were Irish fiddle styles as well as Scottish and the more refined traditions of classical violin playing.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Popular tunes included \"Soldier's Joy\", for which Robert Burns had written lyrics, and other such tunes as \"Flowers of Edinburgh\" and \"Tamlin,\" which were claimed by both Scottish and Irish lineages.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Soon these tunes were Americanized; local variations developed in the Northern and Southern colonies.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Pibroch, Piobaireachd or Ceòl Mòr is an art music genre associated primarily with the Scottish Highlands that is characterised by extended compositions with a melodic theme and elaborate formal variations.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Strictly meaning \"piping\" in Scottish Gaelic, \"piobaireachd\" has for some four centuries been music of the Great Highland Bagpipe.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Music of a similar nature, pre-dating the adoption on the Highland pipes, has historically been played on the wire-strung Gaelic harp (clarsach) and later on the Scottish fiddle, and this form is undergoing a revival.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ A more general term is \"ceol mor\" ( (reformed spelling); \"ceòl mór\" (unreformed spelling)), meaning the \"great music\", to distinguish this complex extended art-music from the more popular Scottish music such as dances, reels, marches and strathspeys, which are called ceòl beag or \"little music\".", "Fiddle __knowledge__ A fiddle is a bowed string musical instrument, most often a violin.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ It is also a colloquial term for the violin, used by players in all genres including classical music.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ Fiddle playing, or fiddling, refers to various styles of music.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ The fiddle is part of many traditional (folk) styles of music which are aural traditions, taught 'by ear' rather than via written music.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ There are few real distinctions between violins and fiddles, though more primitively constructed and smaller violins are more likely to be considered fiddles.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ Due to the style of the music played, fiddles may optionally be set up with a bridge with a flatter arch to reduce the range of right-arm motion needed for techniques such as the double shuffle, a form of bariolage involving rapid alternation between pairs of adjacent strings.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ A Hardanger fiddle (or in ) is a traditional stringed instrument used originally to play the music of Norway.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ In modern designs, this type of fiddle is very similar to the violin, though with eight or nine strings (rather than four as on a standard violin) and thinner wood.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ Four of the strings are strung and played like a violin, while the rest, aptly named understrings or sympathetic strings, resonate under the influence of the other four.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ The Hardingfele is used mainly in the southwest part of Norway, whereas the ordinary violin (called \"flatfele\" - 'flat fiddle' or \"vanlig fele\" - 'common fiddle') is found elsewhere.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ Old time fiddle is a genre of American folk music.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ \"Old time fiddle tunes\" derived from European folk dance tunes such as Jig, Reel, Breakdown, Schottische, Waltz, Two Step and Polka.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ The fiddle may be accompanied by banjo or other instruments but are nevertheless called \"fiddle tunes\".", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ The genre traces from the colonization of North America by immigrants from England, France, Germany, Ireland, and Scotland.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ It is separate and distinct from traditions which it has influenced or which may in part have evolved from it, such as bluegrass, country blues, variants of western swing and country rock.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ Starting in the 1920 some fiddlers, particularly younger ones like Aurtur Smith, were swept up in the new music, their style and repertoires reflected influences from blues, ragtime, and Tin Pan Alley." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "The violin, a classical wooden string instrument, was invented in the 1500s", "Yep, the violin is arguably the most prestigious and beautiful string instrument", "Yep, cant have classical or orchestrated music without string instruments like the violin", "No, the fiddle is an informal name for the violin", "Yep, most violins have a hollow wooden body" ]

[ "Violin", "Violin", "Violin", "Violin", "Violin" ]

[ "Houseboat\nI think houseboats are an interesting concept but dont know much about them.", "Yea but also seems like a really cool and liberating concept.", "Yea some seem to just live on a boat at the docks, but they always look so fancy and cool.", "Yea maybe one day ill buy one when im retired." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Houseboat __knowledge__ A houseboat (different from boathouse, which is a shed for storing boats) is a boat that has been designed or modified to be used primarily as a home.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ Some houseboats are not motorized, because they are usually \"moored\", kept stationary at a fixed point and often tethered to land to provide utilities.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ However, many are capable of operation under their own power.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ \"Float house\" is a Canadian and American term for a house on a float (raft), a rough house may be called a \"shanty boat\".", "Houseboat __knowledge__ In Western countries, houseboats tend to be either owned privately or rented out to holiday-goers, and on some canals in Europe, people dwell in houseboats all year round.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ Examples of this include, but are not limited to, Amsterdam, London, and Paris.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ In Zimbabwe, specifically on Lake Kariba, houseboats have been in use since the creation of the lake in the late 1950s/early 1960s.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ A houseboat makes it easy to experience the Zambezi basin and all the associated wildlife, as a lot of game come down to the water for drinking and to cool down.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ There is a houseboat and fishing community on the southern side of Hong Kong Island known as Aberdeen floating village.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ There was also one such community in the Yau Ma Tei Typhoon Shelter.", "Architecture of Seattle __knowledge__ The architecture of Seattle, largest city of the US Pacific Northwest, includes aspects that predate the mid-nineteenth century arrival of the area's first settlers of European ancestry, and has reflected and influenced numerous architectural styles over time.", "Architecture of Seattle __knowledge__ As of 2015, a major construction boom continues to reconfigure Seattle's Downtown, as well as neighborhoods such as Capitol Hill, Ballard and, perhaps most dramatically, South Lake Union.", "Architecture of Seattle __knowledge__ Prior to the arrival of European settlers in the Puget Sound area, the largest building in the Salish Sea region was Old Man House, a longhouse roughly northwest of Downtown Seattle near the present-day town of Suquamish.", "Dal Lake __knowledge__ Dal is a lake in Srinagar (Dal Lake is a misnomer as Dal in Kashmiri means lake), the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir.", "Dal Lake __knowledge__ The urban lake, which is the second largest in the state, is integral to tourism and recreation in Kashmir and is named the \"Jewel in the crown of Kashmir\" or \"Srinagar's Jewel\".", "Dal Lake __knowledge__ The lake is also an important source for commercial operations in fishing and water plant harvesting.", "Dal Lake __knowledge__ The shore line of the lake, is about , is encompassed by a boulevard lined with Mughal era gardens, parks, houseboats and hotels.", "Dal Lake __knowledge__ Scenic views of the lake can be witnessed from the shore line Mughal gardens, such as Shalimar Bagh and Nishat Bagh built during the reign of Mughal Emperor Jahangir and from houseboats cruising along the lake in the colourful shikaras.", "John Petty (primitive Methodist minister) __knowledge__ Reverend John Petty (1807 – 22 April 1868) was a 19th-century author and primitive Methodist minister, and the first governor of Elmfield College.", "John Petty (primitive Methodist minister) __knowledge__ He was born in Salterforth, Yorkshire and died at Elmfield School, York.", "John Petty (primitive Methodist minister) __knowledge__ Memorial services were held at the Little Stonegate Chapel, York Little Stonegate (Ebenezer) Chapel on 26 April and Petty was buried in York Cemetery on 27 April.", "John Petty (primitive Methodist minister) __knowledge__ In 1903 the Monkgate Primitive Methodist Church in York was officially opened, replacing the Ebenezer Chapel in Little Stonegate.", "John Petty (primitive Methodist minister) __knowledge__ The new building was to be used for the attendance at worship of the boys from Elmfield School.", "Mahesh Chandra Regmi __knowledge__ Mahesh Chandra Regmi (December 1929 – July 2003) was a historian and archivist of Nepal.", "Mahesh Chandra Regmi __knowledge__ In 1977, became the first Nepali to receive the Ramon Magsaysay Award, Asia's most renowned award, for creating the Research Series.", "Mahesh Chandra Regmi __knowledge__ Regmi was awarded the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1977 for recognition of his“chronicling of Nepal’s past and present, enabling his people to discover their origins anddelineating national options.” The citation presented to him on that occasion can be found atwww.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationRegmiMah.htm In honor of the contributions made by Regmi to the scholarship on Nepal, the Kathmandu-based academic NGO Social Science Baha instituted the annual Mahesh C. Regmi lecture series in 2003, the first of which was attended by Regmi himself, just weeks before his death.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "Ralph Clark __knowledge__ Lieutenant Ralph Clark (30 March 1755 or 1762 – June 1794) was a British officer in the Royal Marines, best known for his diary spanning the early years of British settlement in Australia, including the voyage of the First Fleet.", "Ralph Clark __knowledge__ Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Clark saw service in the American Revolutionary War before volunteering for the voyage to Australia.", "Ralph Clark __knowledge__ Arriving in New South Wales in January 1788, he filled a number of roles in the newly established colony, including serving on picket duty, guarding convicts, and on the Criminal Court.", "Ralph Clark __knowledge__ Having been temporarily promoted to the rank of first lieutenant, Clark was sent to Norfolk Island aboard HMS \"Sirius\" in March 1790, which was subsequently wrecked off the island's coast." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Houseboat __knowledge__ A houseboat (different from boathouse, which is a shed for storing boats) is a boat that has been designed or modified to be used primarily as a home.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ Some houseboats are not motorized, because they are usually \"moored\", kept stationary at a fixed point and often tethered to land to provide utilities.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ However, many are capable of operation under their own power.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ \"Float house\" is a Canadian and American term for a house on a float (raft), a rough house may be called a \"shanty boat\".", "Houseboat __knowledge__ In Western countries, houseboats tend to be either owned privately or rented out to holiday-goers, and on some canals in Europe, people dwell in houseboats all year round.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ Examples of this include, but are not limited to, Amsterdam, London, and Paris.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ In Zimbabwe, specifically on Lake Kariba, houseboats have been in use since the creation of the lake in the late 1950s/early 1960s.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ A houseboat makes it easy to experience the Zambezi basin and all the associated wildlife, as a lot of game come down to the water for drinking and to cool down.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ There is a houseboat and fishing community on the southern side of Hong Kong Island known as Aberdeen floating village.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ There was also one such community in the Yau Ma Tei Typhoon Shelter.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ Ciara is the fifth studio album by American singer Ciara, which was released on July 9, 2013.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ This album is the artist's first release under Epic Records, since publicly asking the now-defunct Jive Records to release her from her contractual obligations.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ The singer cited a lack of label support and financial funding for her previous albums \"Fantasy Ride\" (2009) and \"Basic Instinct\" (2010).", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ On this fifth studio album, Ciara is reunited with her long-term mentor and friend L.A. Reid, chairman of Epic Records.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ Reid is credited with discovering Ciara in 2003 along with signing her to his LaFace Records label and executive-producing her debut studio album, \"Goodies\" (2004).", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Japanese anime series \"Bakugan Battle Brawlers\".", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ Daniel \"Dan\" Kuso (known in the Japanese version as is the main human protagonist in the series, who, is 12 years old in the first season, 15 in New Vestroia, 16 in Gundalian Invaders, and 17 in Mechtanium Surge.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ In the beginning he is ranked #121, and by episode 39, he is ranked #1, and has become ranked #4 or under in episode 6 of Mechtanium Surge.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ In \"New Vestroia\", Dan returns to New Vestroia to help Drago save the world from the invading Vestals.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ Despite having just been introduced to the new Brawling system, Dan manages to get the hang of it before he battles his way into the Resistance by tying with Ace.", "List of Primeval characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the ITV science fiction television series \"Primeval\", including supporting characters.", "List of Primeval characters __knowledge__ The series originally features a cast of five main characters plus supporting cast who investigate time anomalies for the British government.", "List of Primeval characters __knowledge__ The series 1 cast is made up of Douglas Henshall as Professor Nick Cutter, James Murray as Stephen Hart, Andrew-Lee Potts as Connor Temple, Lucy Brown as Claudia Brown and Hannah Spearritt as Abby Maitland, with Juliet Aubrey as Helen Cutter, Ben Miller as James Lester and Mark Wakeling as Captain Tom Ryan.", "List of Primeval characters __knowledge__ In the final episode of Series 1, Captain Tom Ryan is killed off, and Claudia Brown disappears.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ 1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The story is based on the events surrounding the signing of the Declaration of Independence.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It dramatizes the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and to sign the document.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It premiered on Broadway in 1969, earning warm reviews, and ran for 1,217 performances.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The production was nominated for five Tony Awards and won three, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1972 it was made into a film adaptation.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It was revived on Broadway in 1997.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1925, Rodgers and Hart had written a musical about the American Revolution, called \"Dearest Enemy\".", "List of Megatokyo characters __knowledge__ In \"Megatokyo\", the popular webcomic by Fred Gallagher, Japanese names are written in Japanese order, with the family name before the given name.", "List of Megatokyo characters __knowledge__ The first feature of \"Megatokyo\" (a filler art day, referred to as a \"dead piro day\") which revealed a character's full name had aforementioned character's name written in Western order (given name before the family name).", "List of Megatokyo characters __knowledge__ The first time a full Japanese name was mentioned in the actual comic, it was written with Japanese order.", "List of Megatokyo characters __knowledge__ Most of the characters in Megatokyo speak English, Japanese (indicated with angle brackets), and/or L33t (usually subtitled).", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ Weird Tales is an American fantasy and horror fiction pulp magazine founded by J. C. Henneberger and J. M. Lansinger in March 1923.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The first editor, Edwin Baird, printed early work by H. P. Lovecraft, Seabury Quinn, and Clark Ashton Smith, all of whom would go on to be popular writers, but within a year the magazine was in financial trouble.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ Henneberger sold his interest in the publisher, Rural Publishing Corporation, to Lansinger and refinanced \"Weird Tales\", with Farnsworth Wright as the new editor.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The first issue under Wright's control was dated November 1924.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The magazine was more successful under Wright, and despite occasional financial setbacks it prospered over the next fifteen years.", "The Signal (2014 film) __knowledge__ The Signal is a 2014 American science fiction thriller film directed by William Eubank and co-written with Carlyle Eubank and David Frigerio.", "The Signal (2014 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Brenton Thwaites and Laurence Fishburne.", "The Signal (2014 film) __knowledge__ The film premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States on June 13, 2014.", "The Signal (2014 film) __knowledge__ The film is among an increasing number of low-budget, independent science fiction films to be included at the Sundance Film Festival in recent years.", "The Signal (2014 film) __knowledge__ Three MIT students – Jonah, Nic, and Haley – are on a road trip to move Haley to California, a decision that stresses Nic's relationship with her.", "Zack Loveday __knowledge__ Zachary Jackson \"Zack\" Loveday is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Duayne Boachie.", "Zack Loveday __knowledge__ The character made his first on-screen appearance on 24 February 2015.", "Zack Loveday __knowledge__ The show's producer Bryan Kirkwood had created the Loveday family to reintroduce the \"domestic family warmth\" it had lost.", "Zack Loveday __knowledge__ Billed as a \"close-knit family\", writers also created a series of secrets they character group would be hiding upon their introduction.", "Zack Loveday __knowledge__ The audition process for the role of Zack was long and Boachie had various auditions, call backs and screen tests with other actors.", "Zack Loveday __knowledge__ Jacqueline Boatswain and Karl Collins were cast as Zack's parents Simone and Louis Loveday respectively.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "True Confessions of a Heartless Girl __knowledge__ True Confessions of a Heartless Girl received the Governor General's Literary Award in 2002 and is Martha Brooks' seventh novel for young adults.", "True Confessions of a Heartless Girl __knowledge__ Martha Brooks is a Canadian award-winning novelist, playwright, jazz singer and author of short fiction.", "True Confessions of a Heartless Girl __knowledge__ Some of her other novels are: \"Andrew's Tree\", \"Being with Henry\", \"Bone Dance\", \"I Met a Bully on the Hill\", \"Mistik Lake\", \"Traveling On into the Light\", \"Two Moons in August\", \"Paradise Café and Other Stories\", and \"Queen of Hearts\".", "True Confessions of a Heartless Girl __knowledge__ \"True Confessions of a Heartless Girl\" tells the story of Noreen Stall, a troubled and possibly pregnant seventeen-year-old girl who stumbles upon the town of Pembina Lake after stealing her boyfriend's truck and savings.", "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. __knowledge__ Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., or simply Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement, and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise.", "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. __knowledge__ The series is produced by ABC Studios, Marvel Television, and Mutant Enemy Productions, with Jed Whedon, Tancharoen, and Jeffrey Bell serving as showrunners.", "Clark Green __knowledge__ Clark Green is a fictional character on the U.S. comedy television series \"The Office\".", "Clark Green __knowledge__ Clark is portrayed by Clark Duke.", "Clark Green __knowledge__ He is an original character and has no counterpart in the British version of the series.", "Clark Green __knowledge__ Clark, along with Pete Miller, is one of two staff members hired as customer service representatives at the Scranton branch of fictitious paper distributor Dunder Mifflin, replacing the outgoing Kelly Kapoor and straight man Ryan Howard at the start of the show's ninth and final season.", "Clark Green __knowledge__ Little has been established about Clark's backstory, apart from his admitting he had \"gigantic inner ears\" which prove useful when keeping balance when slacklining." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Houseboat __knowledge__ A houseboat (different from boathouse, which is a shed for storing boats) is a boat that has been designed or modified to be used primarily as a home.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ Some houseboats are not motorized, because they are usually \"moored\", kept stationary at a fixed point and often tethered to land to provide utilities.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ However, many are capable of operation under their own power.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ \"Float house\" is a Canadian and American term for a house on a float (raft), a rough house may be called a \"shanty boat\".", "Houseboat __knowledge__ In Western countries, houseboats tend to be either owned privately or rented out to holiday-goers, and on some canals in Europe, people dwell in houseboats all year round.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ Examples of this include, but are not limited to, Amsterdam, London, and Paris.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ In Zimbabwe, specifically on Lake Kariba, houseboats have been in use since the creation of the lake in the late 1950s/early 1960s.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ A houseboat makes it easy to experience the Zambezi basin and all the associated wildlife, as a lot of game come down to the water for drinking and to cool down.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ There is a houseboat and fishing community on the southern side of Hong Kong Island known as Aberdeen floating village.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ There was also one such community in the Yau Ma Tei Typhoon Shelter.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life __knowledge__ \"Always Look on the Bright Side of Life\" is a comedy song written by Monty Python member Eric Idle that was first featured in the film \"Monty Python's Life of Brian\" and has gone on to become a common singalong at public events such as football matches as well as funerals.", "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life __knowledge__ The song touches on the British trait of stoicism with the \"stiff upper lip\" spirit in the face of adversity, and became immensely popular.", "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life __knowledge__ It reached No.3 on the UK Singles Charts in 1991, and the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in London featured a live performance of the song by Idle.", "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life __knowledge__ Whilst trying to come up with a way of ending the film \"Monty Python's Life of Brian\", Eric Idle wrote an original version of the song which was sung in a more straight fashion, which the other Python members eventually agreed would be good enough for the end of the film.", "Monty Python's Life of Brian __knowledge__ Monty Python's Life of Brian, also known as Life of Brian, is a 1979 British religious satire comedy film starring and written by the comedy group Monty Python (Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones and Michael Palin).", "Monty Python's Life of Brian __knowledge__ It was also directed by Jones.", "Monty Python's Life of Brian __knowledge__ The film tells the story of Brian Cohen (played by Chapman), a young Jewish man who is born on the same day as, and next door to, Jesus Christ, and is subsequently mistaken for the Messiah.", "Monty Python's Life of Brian __knowledge__ Following the withdrawal of funding by EMI Films just days before production was scheduled to begin, long-time Monty Python fan and former member of the Beatles, George Harrison, arranged financing for \"Life of Brian\" through the formation of his company HandMade Films.", "Fancy Crane __knowledge__ Fancy Crane is a fictional character on the NBC/DirecTV soap opera \"Passions\" and is portrayed by actress Emily Harper from the May 13, 2005 episode through the series finale.", "Fancy Crane __knowledge__ Following her debut, Fancy quickly becomes one of the soap's lead heroines — Harper appears in 209 out of the 254 episodes that aired in 2006, a feat surpassed only by Lindsay Hartley (Theresa).", "Fancy Crane __knowledge__ Introduced in the May 13, 2005 episode alongside fellow Harmonyite Noah Bennett in Las Vegas, Fancy is quickly characterized as a vain, spoiled celebutante comparable to Paris Hilton and is soon revealed to be one of the frequently mentioned but heretofore unseen daughters of Julian and Ivy Crane; she is also established to be the favorite granddaughter of billionaire villain Alistair Crane and is later revealed to be the sole heiress to his empire.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ 1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The story is based on the events surrounding the signing of the Declaration of Independence.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It dramatizes the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and to sign the document.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It premiered on Broadway in 1969, earning warm reviews, and ran for 1,217 performances.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The production was nominated for five Tony Awards and won three, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1972 it was made into a film adaptation.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It was revived on Broadway in 1997.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1925, Rodgers and Hart had written a musical about the American Revolution, called \"Dearest Enemy\".", "Spamalot __knowledge__ Monty Python's Spamalot is a musical comedy adapted from the 1975 film \"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\".", "Spamalot __knowledge__ Like the motion picture, it is a highly irreverent parody of the Arthurian Legend, but it differs from the film in many ways.", "Spamalot __knowledge__ The original 2005 Broadway production, directed by Mike Nichols, won three Tony Awards, including the Tony Award for Best Musical, and received 14 Tony Award nominations.", "Spamalot __knowledge__ During its initial run of over 1,500 performances, it was seen by more than two million people and grossed over $175 million.", "Spamalot __knowledge__ A recording encourages members of the audience to \"let your cellphones and pagers ring willy-nilly,\" and comments that they should \"be aware there are heavily armed knights on stage that may drag you on stage and impale you.\"", "Eric Idle __knowledge__ Eric Idle (born 29 March 1943) is an English comedian, actor, voice actor, author, singer-songwriter, musician, writer and comedic composer.", "Eric Idle __knowledge__ Idle is a member of the British surreal comedy group Monty Python, a member of The Rutles and the author of the Broadway musical \"Spamalot\".", "Eric Idle __knowledge__ Idle was born in Harton Hospital, in South Shields in County Durham, to which his mother had been evacuated from the north west of England.", "Eric Idle __knowledge__ His mother, Norah Barron (Sanderson), was a health visitor and his father, Ernest Idle, served in the Royal Air Force during World War II, only to be killed in a hitch-hiking accident shortly after the war.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ German Radio Intelligence Operation during World War II were signals intelligence operations that were undertaken by German Axis forces in Europe during World War II.", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ In keeping with German signals practice since 1942, the term \"communication intelligence\" () had been used when intercept units were assigned to observe both enemy \"radio and wire\" communication.", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ When the observation of only enemy \"radio\" communication was undertaken, the term \"radio intelligence\" ().", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ The term \"intercept service\" () was also used up until 1942.", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ Towards the end of World War II, about 12,000 troopers of the German Army were engaged in intercepting the radio traffic of an increasingly powerful adversary.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ \"Daredevil\" is an American web television series created for Netflix by Drew Goddard, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the first in a series of shows that will lead up to a Defenders crossover miniseries.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ The series stars Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil, as well as Deborah Ann Woll, Elden Henson, Rosario Dawson, and Vincent D'Onofrio.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ Toby Leonard Moore, Vondie Curtis-Hall, Bob Gunton, and Ayelet Zurer join them for the first season, while Jon Bernthal, Élodie Yung, and Stephen Rider join them for the second.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ Many countries have enacted electric bicycle laws to regulate the use of electric bicycles.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ Countries such as the United States and Canada have federal regulations governing the safety requirements and standards of manufacture.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ Other countries like the signatories of the European Union have agreed to wider-ranging legislation covering use and safety of their term EPAC (electric pedal-assisted cycles).", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ However, confusion remains regarding the various laws involving electric bicycles.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ This stems from the fact that while some countries have national regulations, the legality of road use is left to states and provinces, and then complicated further by municipal laws and restrictions.", "Motorized bicycle __knowledge__ A motorized bicycle is a bicycle with an attached motor or engine and transmission used either to power the vehicle unassisted, or to assist with pedalling.", "Motorized bicycle __knowledge__ Since it always retains both pedals and a discrete connected drive for rider-powered propulsion, the motorized bicycle is in technical terms a true bicycle, albeit a power-assisted one.", "Motorized bicycle __knowledge__ However, for purposes of governmental licensing and registration requirements, the type may be legally defined as a motor vehicle, motorcycle, moped, or a separate class of hybrid vehicle.", "Motorized bicycle __knowledge__ Powered by a variety of engine types and designs, the motorized bicycle formed the prototype for what would later become the motorcycle.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Houseboat __knowledge__ A houseboat (different from boathouse, which is a shed for storing boats) is a boat that has been designed or modified to be used primarily as a home.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ Some houseboats are not motorized, because they are usually \"moored\", kept stationary at a fixed point and often tethered to land to provide utilities.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ However, many are capable of operation under their own power.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ \"Float house\" is a Canadian and American term for a house on a float (raft), a rough house may be called a \"shanty boat\".", "Houseboat __knowledge__ In Western countries, houseboats tend to be either owned privately or rented out to holiday-goers, and on some canals in Europe, people dwell in houseboats all year round.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ Examples of this include, but are not limited to, Amsterdam, London, and Paris.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ In Zimbabwe, specifically on Lake Kariba, houseboats have been in use since the creation of the lake in the late 1950s/early 1960s.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ A houseboat makes it easy to experience the Zambezi basin and all the associated wildlife, as a lot of game come down to the water for drinking and to cool down.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ There is a houseboat and fishing community on the southern side of Hong Kong Island known as Aberdeen floating village.", "Houseboat __knowledge__ There was also one such community in the Yau Ma Tei Typhoon Shelter.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Buy one, get one free __knowledge__ \"Buy one, get one free\", \"Buy one, get one\", \"two for the price of one\", \"two for one\" or \"2 for 1\" is a common form of sales promotion.", "Buy one, get one free __knowledge__ While not often presented to customers in acronym form, this marketing technique is universally known in the marketing industry by the acronyms BOGO, BOGOF, and BOGOHO (Buy one get one half off).", "Buy one, get one free __knowledge__ Economist Alex Tabarrok has argued that the success of this promotion lies in the fact that the price actually takes into account the fact that two items are being sold.", "Buy one, get one free __knowledge__ The price of \"one\" is somewhat nominal and is typically raised when used as part of a buy one get one free deal.", "Legal English __knowledge__ Legal English is the type of English as used in legal writing.", "Legal English __knowledge__ In general, a legal language is a formalized language based on logic rules which differs from the ordinary natural language in vocabulary, morphology, syntax, and semantics, as well as other linguistic features, aimed to achieve consistency, validity, completeness and soundness, while keeping the benefits of a human-like language such as intuitive execution, complete meaning and open upgrade.", "Legal English __knowledge__ However, Legal English has been referred to as a \"sublanguage\", as legal English differs from ordinary English A specialized use of certain terms and linguistic patterns governs the teaching of legal language.", "Gold Rush: Maybe One Day __knowledge__ Gold Rush: Maybe One Day is the third studio album by the American Christian hip hop musician Dre Murray.", "Gold Rush: Maybe One Day __knowledge__ It was released on July 9, 2013, by Collision Records.", "Gold Rush: Maybe One Day __knowledge__ It charted on the \"Billboard\" 200 at No.", "Gold Rush: Maybe One Day __knowledge__ 189.", "Gold Rush: Maybe One Day __knowledge__ \"Gold Rush: Maybe One Day\" received three positive reviews from music critics.", "Gold Rush: Maybe One Day __knowledge__ At \"AllMusic\", Andy Kellman rated the album four stars, writing, \"Murray offers his strongest and most focused solo set yet.\"", "Gold Rush: Maybe One Day __knowledge__ Dwayne Lacy of \"New Release Tuesday\" rated the album four-and-a-half stars, writing that \"Dre keeps it real and relevant\" with this release full of \"masterful production and heavy lyrical content\".", "Not by Choice __knowledge__ Not by Choice is a Canadian punk rock band from Ajax.", "Not by Choice __knowledge__ They have released two albums, \"Maybe One Day\" in 2002 (Linus Records/Warner Music Canada), and \"Secondhand Opinions\" (Maple Music Recordings/Universal Music Canada) in 2004.", "Not by Choice __knowledge__ \"Maybe One Day\" certainly earned Not by Choice their early share of prestigious acclaim with a MuchMusic Video Award for Best Independent Video (\"Now That You Are Leaving\"), a CASBY award for Best Independent Album, and inclusion on two \"Big Shiny Tunes\" compilations (\"Now That You Are Leaving\" and \"Standing All Alone\").", "Not by Choice __knowledge__ \"Maybe One Day\" was released in Japan in September 2003, and has had amazing success, selling over 25,000 records.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Vacuum tube __knowledge__ In electronics, a vacuum tube, an electron tube, or just a tube (North America), or valve (Britain and some other regions) is a device that controls electric current between electrodes in an evacuated container.", "Vacuum tube __knowledge__ Vacuum tubes mostly rely on thermionic emission of electrons from a hot filament or a heated cathode.", "Vacuum tube __knowledge__ This type is called a thermionic tube or thermionic valve.", "Vacuum tube __knowledge__ A phototube, however, achieves electron emission through the photoelectric effect.", "Vacuum tube __knowledge__ Not all electronic circuit valves/electron tubes are vacuum tubes (evacuated); gas-filled tubes are similar devices containing a gas, typically at low pressure, which exploit phenomena related to electric discharge in gases, usually without a heater.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the various characters throughout the Japanese tokusatsu series \"Garo\", not including the Horrors, a breed of demonic beings that make for most of the series antagonists.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The various holders of the title are the main characters of the franchise, armed with the blade.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The Garo title, based on the word for \"hope\" in the old Makai language, is traditionally associated with the Saezima family.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ For reasons yet to be explained, the man who takes the title of Garo is often regarded to be the strongest Knight, widely known throughout the Makai community.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is however, not a formal ranking in itself and no preferential treatment is given to the said Knight, as evident with Kouga in \"\" who was in service for years before being promoted to be a Knight serving under the Senate.", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ This is an index of characters and mecha in the anime and manga \"The King of Braves GaoGaiGar\" and \"The King of Braves GaoGaiGar FINAL\".", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ A brave man with tremendous courage and enthusiasm, and the strength to never give up for the sake of life—even at the possible cost of his own.", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ Former astronaut and test pilot for the Space Development Corporation.", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ In 2003, he had been in orbit testing an experimental space shuttle when an extraterrestrial object (later classified as EI-01) suddenly appeared in his flight path, smashing his shuttle out of the way.", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ This left the shuttle disabled and Guy himself in a near-death state.", "Jury __knowledge__ A jury is a sworn body of people convened to render an impartial verdict (a finding of fact on a question) officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a penalty or judgment.", "Jury __knowledge__ Modern juries tend to be found in courts to ascertain the guilt, or lack thereof, in a crime.", "Jury __knowledge__ In Anglophone jurisdictions, the verdict may be \"guilty\" or \"not guilty\" (\"not proven\"; a verdict of acquittal, based on the state's failure to prove guilt rather than any proof of innocence, is also available in Scotland).", "Jury __knowledge__ The old institution of grand juries still exists in some places, particularly the United States, to investigate whether enough evidence of a crime exists to bring someone to trial." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 5 ]

[ "Agreed, it feels weird to modify a boat into being used primarily as a home.", "It does sound pretty interesting and exciting compared to just living in an apartment. Some are not even motorized and are just fixed to the land.", "That's true that a lot of them are that way, but there are still many that are capable of operating using their own power.", "I would consider that as well, though many of them are rented out to holiday-goers as well." ]

[ "Houseboat", "Houseboat", "Houseboat", "Houseboat" ]

[ "Bathing\nWhen I'm bathing, Ialways do body first, then hair. Like washing my hair is more fun, so I save it for desert.", "Yes, bathing is a real treat. One time I gave a dog a ath. wow, what an adventure that was! LOL!!!", "In the summer, I like to do cold showers. But it feels wrong, like, I wouldn't wash dishes in cold water and think they're too clean, you know?", "Oh, so luxurious. I'm a big strong masculine man, and also poor, so I would not afford myself such opulence. You are very lucky." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bathing __knowledge__ Bathing is the washing of the body with a liquid, usually water or an aqueous solution, or the immersion of the body in water.", "Bathing __knowledge__ It may be practiced for personal hygiene, religious ritual or therapeutic purposes.", "Bathing __knowledge__ By analogy, especially as a recreational activity, the term is also applied to sun bathing and sea bathing.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Bathing can take place in any situation where there is water, ranging from warm to cold.", "Bathing __knowledge__ It can take place in a bathtub or shower, or it can be in a river, lake, water hole, pool or the sea, or any other water receptacle.", "Bathing __knowledge__ The term for the act can vary.", "Bathing __knowledge__ For example, a ritual religious bath is sometimes referred to as immersion, the use of water for therapeutic purposes can be called a water treatment or hydrotherapy, and two recreational water activities are known as swimming and paddling.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Throughout history, societies devised systems to enable water to be brought to population centres.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Ancient Indians used elaborate practices for personal hygiene with three daily baths and washing.", "Bathing __knowledge__ These are recorded in the works called grihya sutras which are in practice even today in some communities.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Ancient Greece utilized small bathtubs, wash basins, and foot baths for personal cleanliness.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), \"Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases.\"", "Hygiene __knowledge__ Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ Many people equate hygiene with 'cleanliness,' but hygiene is a broad term.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ It includes such personal habit choices as how frequently to bathe, wash hands, trim fingernails, and change clothing.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ It also includes attention to keeping surfaces in the home and workplace, including bathroom facilities, clean and pathogen-free.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair care is an overall term for hygiene and cosmetology involving the hair which grows from the human scalp, and to a lesser extent facial, pubic and other body hair.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair care routines differ according to an individual's culture and the physical characteristics of one's hair.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair may be colored, trimmed, shaved, plucked, or otherwise removed with treatments such as waxing, sugaring, and threading.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair care services are offered in salons, barbershops, and day spas, and products are available commercially for home use.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Laser hair removal and electrolysis are also available, though these are provided (in the US) by licensed professionals in medical offices or speciality spas.", "Ritual washing in Judaism __knowledge__ In Judaism, ritual washing, or ablution, takes two main forms.", "Ritual washing in Judaism __knowledge__ A tevilah (טְבִילָה) is a full body immersion in a mikveh, and a netilat yadayim which is the washing of the hands with a cup (see Handwashing in Judaism).", "Ritual washing in Judaism __knowledge__ References to ritual washing are found in the Hebrew Bible, and are elaborated in the Mishnah and Talmud.", "Ritual washing in Judaism __knowledge__ They have been codified in various codes of Jewish law and tradition, such as Maimonides' \"Mishneh Torah\" (12th century) and Joseph Karo's \"Shulchan Aruch\" (16th century.)", "Ritual washing in Judaism __knowledge__ These customs are most commonly observed within Orthodox Judaism.", "Ritual washing in Judaism __knowledge__ In Conservative Judaism, the practices are normative with certain leniencies and exceptions.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Ablution in Christianity __knowledge__ Ablution, in religion, is a prescribed washing of part or all of the body or of possessions, such as clothing or ceremonial objects, with the intent of purification or dedication.", "Ablution in Christianity __knowledge__ In Christianity, both baptism and footwashing are forms of ablution.", "Ablution in Christianity __knowledge__ In liturgical churches, ablution can refer to purifying fingers or vessels related to the Eucharist.", "Ablution in Christianity __knowledge__ In the New Testament, washing also occurs in reference to rites of Judaism part of the action of a healing by Jesus, the preparation of a body for burial, the washing of nets by fishermen, a person's personal washing of the face to appear in public, the cleansing of an injured person's wounds, Pontius Pilate's washing of his hands as a symbolic claim of innocence and foot washing, now partly a symbolic rite within the Church.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Hair coloring, or hair dyeing, is the practice of changing the hair color.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ The main reasons for this are cosmetic: to cover gray or white hair, to change to a color regarded as more fashionable or desirable, to restore the original hair color after it has been discolored by hairdressing processes or sun bleaching.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Hair coloring can be done professionally by a hairdresser or independently at home.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Today, hair coloring is very popular, with 75% of women and 18% of men living in Copenhagen having reported using hair dye according to a study by the University of Copenhagen.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ At home coloring in the United States reached $1.9 billion in 2011 and is expected to raise to $2.2 billion by 2016." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bathing __knowledge__ Bathing is the washing of the body with a liquid, usually water or an aqueous solution, or the immersion of the body in water.", "Bathing __knowledge__ It may be practiced for personal hygiene, religious ritual or therapeutic purposes.", "Bathing __knowledge__ By analogy, especially as a recreational activity, the term is also applied to sun bathing and sea bathing.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Bathing can take place in any situation where there is water, ranging from warm to cold.", "Bathing __knowledge__ It can take place in a bathtub or shower, or it can be in a river, lake, water hole, pool or the sea, or any other water receptacle.", "Bathing __knowledge__ The term for the act can vary.", "Bathing __knowledge__ For example, a ritual religious bath is sometimes referred to as immersion, the use of water for therapeutic purposes can be called a water treatment or hydrotherapy, and two recreational water activities are known as swimming and paddling.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Throughout history, societies devised systems to enable water to be brought to population centres.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Ancient Indians used elaborate practices for personal hygiene with three daily baths and washing.", "Bathing __knowledge__ These are recorded in the works called grihya sutras which are in practice even today in some communities.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Ancient Greece utilized small bathtubs, wash basins, and foot baths for personal cleanliness.", "Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) __knowledge__ The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (spelled \"Ba'th\" or \"Baath\", \"resurrection\" or \"renaissance\"; \"Ḥizb Al-Ba'aṯ Al-'Arabī Al-Ištirākī\"), also referred to as the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath movement, is a Ba'athist political party headquartered in Baghdad, Iraq.", "Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) __knowledge__ It is one of two parties (with identical names) which emerged from the 1966 split of the original Ba'ath Party.", "Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) __knowledge__ In 1966, the original Ba'ath Party was split in half; one half was led by the Damascus leadership of the Ba'ath Party which established a party in Syria and the other half with its leadership in Baghdad.", "Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) __knowledge__ Both Ba'ath parties retained the same name and maintained parallel structures in the Arab world, but became so antagonistic that Syria—led by its Ba'ath party—became the only Arab state to support Iran against Iraq during the bloody Iran–Iraq War.", "Michel Aflaq __knowledge__ Michel Aflaq (‎, , 9 January 1910 – 23 June 1989) was a Syrian philosopher, sociologist and Arab nationalist.", "Michel Aflaq __knowledge__ His ideas played a significant role in the development of Ba'athism and its political movement; he is considered by several Ba'athists to be the principal founder of Ba'athist thought.", "Michel Aflaq __knowledge__ He published various books during his lifetime, the most notable being \"The Battle for One Destiny\" (1958) and \"The Struggle Against Distorting the Movement of Arab Revolution\" (1975).", "Michel Aflaq __knowledge__ Born into a middle-class family in Damascus, Syria, Aflaq studied at the Sorbonne, where he met his future political companion Salah al-Din al-Bitar.", "Ba'ath Party __knowledge__ The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party ( \"\" ) was a political party founded in Syria by Michel Aflaq, Salah al-Din al-Bitar, and associates of Zaki al-Arsuzi.", "Ba'ath Party __knowledge__ The party espoused Ba'athism (from \"Al-Ba'ath\" or \"Ba'ath\" meaning \"renaissance\" or \"resurrection\"), which is an ideology mixing Arab nationalist, pan-Arabism, Arab socialist, and anti-imperialist interests.", "Ba'ath Party __knowledge__ Ba'athism calls for unification of the Arab world into a single state.", "Ba'ath Party __knowledge__ Its motto, \"Unity, Liberty, Socialism\", refers to Arab unity, and freedom from non-Arab control and interference.", "Ba'ath Party __knowledge__ The party was founded by the merger of the Arab Ba'ath Movement, led by Aflaq and al-Bitar, and the Arab Ba'ath, led by al-Arsuzi, on 7 April 1947 as the Arab Ba'ath Party.", "Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath __knowledge__ ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ashʿath (), commonly known as Ibn al-Ashʿath after his grandfather, was a distinguished Arab nobleman and general under the early Umayyad Caliphate, most notable for leading a failed rebellion against the Umayyad viceroy of the east, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, in 700–703.", "Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath __knowledge__ The scion of a distinguished family of the Kindaite tribal nobility, he played a minor role in the Second Fitna (680–692) and then served as governor of Rayy.", "Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath __knowledge__ After the appointment of al-Hajjaj as governor of Iraq and the eastern provinces of the Caliphate in 694, relations between the haughty and overbearing al-Hajjaj and the Iraqi nobility quickly became strained.", "Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region __knowledge__ The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region ( \"Hizb Al-Baath Al-'Arabi Al-Ishtiraki fi Al-'Iraq\"), officially the Iraqi Regional Branch, is a regional branch of the Arab Ba'athist political party founded in 1951 by Fuad al-Rikabi.", "Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region __knowledge__ It was part of the original Ba'ath Party (1951–1966), changing its allegiance to the Iraqi-dominated Ba'ath movement following the 1966 split within the Ba'ath Party.", "Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region __knowledge__ The Iraqi Regional Branch of the Ba'ath Party was established in 1951 or 1952.", "Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region __knowledge__ Some historians claim that the Iraqi Regional Branch was established by Abd ar Rahman ad Damin and Abd al Khaliq al Khudayri in 1947 after their return from the founding congress of the Ba'ath Party held in Damascus, Syria the same year.", "Ba'athist Iraq __knowledge__ Ba'athist Iraq, formally the Iraqi Republic, covers the history of Iraq between 1968 and 2003, during the period of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's rule.", "Ba'athist Iraq __knowledge__ This period began with high economic growth and soaring prosperity, but ended with Iraq facing social, political, and economic stagnation.", "Ba'athist Iraq __knowledge__ The average annual income decreased because of several external factors, and several internal policies of the regime.", "Ba'athist Iraq __knowledge__ Iraqi President Abdul Rahman Arif, and Iraqi Prime Minister Tahir Yahya, were ousted during the 17 July coup d'état led by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr of the Ba'ath Party, which had previously held power in 1963 and was led primarily by al-Bakr, its leader, and Saddam Hussein.", "Hafez al-Assad __knowledge__ Hafez al-Assad ( \"\", ; 6 October 1930 – 10 June 2000) was a Syrian statesman, politician, and general who served as President of Syria from 1971 to 2000.", "Hafez al-Assad __knowledge__ He was also Prime Minister from 1970 to 1971, as well as Regional Secretary of the Regional Command of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and Secretary General of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party from 1970 to 2000.", "Hafez al-Assad __knowledge__ Assad participated in the 1963 Syrian coup d'état which brought the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power, and the new leadership appointed him Commander of the Syrian Air Force.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), \"Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases.\"", "Hygiene __knowledge__ Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ Many people equate hygiene with 'cleanliness,' but hygiene is a broad term.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ It includes such personal habit choices as how frequently to bathe, wash hands, trim fingernails, and change clothing.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ It also includes attention to keeping surfaces in the home and workplace, including bathroom facilities, clean and pathogen-free.", "Ablution in Christianity __knowledge__ Ablution, in religion, is a prescribed washing of part or all of the body or of possessions, such as clothing or ceremonial objects, with the intent of purification or dedication.", "Ablution in Christianity __knowledge__ In Christianity, both baptism and footwashing are forms of ablution.", "Ablution in Christianity __knowledge__ In liturgical churches, ablution can refer to purifying fingers or vessels related to the Eucharist.", "Ablution in Christianity __knowledge__ In the New Testament, washing also occurs in reference to rites of Judaism part of the action of a healing by Jesus, the preparation of a body for burial, the washing of nets by fishermen, a person's personal washing of the face to appear in public, the cleansing of an injured person's wounds, Pontius Pilate's washing of his hands as a symbolic claim of innocence and foot washing, now partly a symbolic rite within the Church.", "Gibney Beach __knowledge__ Gibney Beach is a stretch of white sandy beach located on Hawksnest Bay on St John Island in the United States Virgin Islands.", "Gibney Beach __knowledge__ There is vibrant wildlife both on the beach and in the bay.", "Gibney Beach __knowledge__ The colonial history, the natives, the beatnik and hippie movements, and the locals of the island come together to form the original, bohemian character of the Beach.", "Gibney Beach __knowledge__ In 1950, the property was purchased by former New York City residents Robert Gibney and his wife, Nancy Flagg Gibney.", "Gibney Beach __knowledge__ Robert was a writer-artist and friend of Thomas Merton; Nancy was a magazine editor.", "Gibney Beach __knowledge__ Before the purchase, Gibney Beach had only been known as Hawksnest Beach.", "Sauna in the Dutch language area __knowledge__ Public saunas can be found throughout the Netherlands and Flanders, both in major cities and in smaller municipalities.", "Sauna in the Dutch language area __knowledge__ These saunas are called Sauna, Thermen, Thermae or Spa and can be regarded as public bath houses.", "Sauna in the Dutch language area __knowledge__ Since every Dutch and Flemish house has a bath room these public saunas are a luxury, not a necessity.", "Sauna in the Dutch language area __knowledge__ There are around 200 public saunas in the Netherlands alone.", "Sauna in the Dutch language area __knowledge__ Nearly 50 percent of all Dutch public saunas are located in the provinces of North Holland, South Holland and North Brabant.", "Sauna in the Dutch language area __knowledge__ The sauna culture is not seasonal and these saunas are open year-round.", "Sauna in the Dutch language area __knowledge__ Most saunas open later in the morning and close around 11:00 PM or midnight.", "Pubic hair __knowledge__ Pubic hair is terminal body hair that is found in the genital area of adolescent and adult humans.", "Pubic hair __knowledge__ The hair is located on and around the sex organs and sometimes at the top of the inside of the thighs.", "Pubic hair __knowledge__ In the pubic region around the pubis bone, it is known as a \"pubic patch\".", "Pubic hair __knowledge__ Pubic hair is found on the scrotum in the male and on the vulva in the female.", "Pubic hair __knowledge__ Although fine vellus hair is present in the area in childhood, pubic hair is considered to be the heavier, longer and coarser hair that develops during puberty as an effect of rising levels of androgens in males and estrogens in females.", "Pubic hair __knowledge__ Pubic hair differs from other hair on the body and is a secondary sex characteristic.", "Christian culture __knowledge__ Christian culture is the cultural practices common to Christianity.", "Christian culture __knowledge__ With the rapid expansion of Christianity to Europe, Syria, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Egypt, Ethiopia, and India and by the end of the 4th century it had also become the official state church of the Roman Empire.", "Christian culture __knowledge__ Christian culture has influenced and assimilated much from the Greco-Roman Byzantine, Western culture, Middle Eastern, Slavic, Caucasian, and possibly from Indian.", "Christian culture __knowledge__ Western culture, throughout most of its history, has been nearly equivalent to Christian culture, and many of the population of the Western hemisphere could broadly be described as cultural Christians." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bathing __knowledge__ Bathing is the washing of the body with a liquid, usually water or an aqueous solution, or the immersion of the body in water.", "Bathing __knowledge__ It may be practiced for personal hygiene, religious ritual or therapeutic purposes.", "Bathing __knowledge__ By analogy, especially as a recreational activity, the term is also applied to sun bathing and sea bathing.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Bathing can take place in any situation where there is water, ranging from warm to cold.", "Bathing __knowledge__ It can take place in a bathtub or shower, or it can be in a river, lake, water hole, pool or the sea, or any other water receptacle.", "Bathing __knowledge__ The term for the act can vary.", "Bathing __knowledge__ For example, a ritual religious bath is sometimes referred to as immersion, the use of water for therapeutic purposes can be called a water treatment or hydrotherapy, and two recreational water activities are known as swimming and paddling.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Throughout history, societies devised systems to enable water to be brought to population centres.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Ancient Indians used elaborate practices for personal hygiene with three daily baths and washing.", "Bathing __knowledge__ These are recorded in the works called grihya sutras which are in practice even today in some communities.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Ancient Greece utilized small bathtubs, wash basins, and foot baths for personal cleanliness.", "Sauna __knowledge__ A sauna ( or ; ), or sudatory, is a small room or building designed as a place to experience dry or wet heat sessions, or an establishment with one or more of these facilities.", "Sauna __knowledge__ The steam and high heat make the bathers perspire.", "Sauna __knowledge__ Infrared therapy is often referred to as a type of sauna, but according to the Finnish sauna organizations, infrared is not a sauna.", "Sauna __knowledge__ Originally borrowed from the early Proto-Germanic \"*stakna-\" whose descendants include English \"stack\", the word \"sauna\" is an ancient Finnish word referring to the traditional Finnish bath and to the bathhouse itself.", "Sauna __knowledge__ In Baltic-Finnic languages other than Finnish, \"sauna\" does not necessarily mean a building or space built for bathing.", "Washing machine __knowledge__ A washing machine (laundry machine, clothes washer, or washer) is a device used to wash laundry.", "Washing machine __knowledge__ The term is mostly applied to machines that use water as opposed to dry cleaning (which uses alternative cleaning fluids, and is performed by specialist businesses) or ultrasonic cleaners.", "Washing machine __knowledge__ Laundry detergent is added to the wash water, and is sold in either powdered or liquid form.", "Washing machine __knowledge__ Laundering by hand involves soaking, beating, scrubbing, and rinsing dirty textiles.", "Washing machine __knowledge__ Before indoor plumbing, the washerwoman (laundress) or housewife also had to carry all the water used for washing, boiling, and rinsing the laundry; according to an 1886 calculation, women fetched water eight to ten times every day from a pump, well, or spring.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Dishwasher __knowledge__ A dishwasher is a mechanical device for cleaning dishware and cutlery.", "Dishwasher __knowledge__ Unlike manual dishwashing, which relies largely on physical scrubbing to remove soiling, the mechanical dishwasher cleans by spraying hot water, typically between , at the dishes, with lower temperatures used for delicate items.", "Dishwasher __knowledge__ A mix of water and dishwasher detergent is pumped to one or more rotating spray arms, which blast the dishes with the cleaning mixture.", "Dishwasher __knowledge__ Once the wash is finished, the water is drained, more hot water enters the tub by means of an electro-mechanical solenoid, and the rinse cycle begins.", "Dishwasher __knowledge__ After the rinse cycle finishes and the water is drained, and the dishes are dried using one of several drying methods.", "Water heating __knowledge__ Water heating is a heat transfer process that uses an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature.", "Water heating __knowledge__ Typical domestic uses of hot water include cooking, cleaning, bathing, and space heating.", "Water heating __knowledge__ In industry, hot water and water heated to steam have many uses.", "Water heating __knowledge__ Domestically, water is traditionally heated in vessels known as \"water heaters\", \"kettles\", \"cauldrons\", \"pots\", or \"coppers\".", "Water heating __knowledge__ These metal vessels that heat a batch of water do not produce a continual supply of heated water at a preset temperature.", "Water heating __knowledge__ Rarely, hot water occurs naturally, usually from natural hot springs.", "Water heating __knowledge__ The temperature varies with the consumption rate, becoming cooler as flow increases.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ The series is based on The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ It ran on for three series from 2010 to 2012.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ The series follows \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" that ran for five series from 2002 to 2005 and it is followed by \"The Dumping Ground\" that has aired since 2013.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Dani Harmer and Lisa Coleman reprised their roles as Tracy Beaker and Cam Lawson for \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Gina Conway, played by Kay Purcell, is a careworker at \"Elm Tree House\" in \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" and the first series of \"The Dumping Ground\".", "Ocean thermal energy conversion __knowledge__ Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) uses the temperature difference between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface seawaters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity.", "Ocean thermal energy conversion __knowledge__ OTEC can operate with a very high capacity factor and so can operate in base load mode.", "Ocean thermal energy conversion __knowledge__ Among ocean energy sources, OTEC is one of the continuously available renewable energy resources that could contribute to base-load power supply.", "Ocean thermal energy conversion __knowledge__ The resource potential for OTEC is considered to be much larger than for other ocean energy forms [World Energy Council, 2000].", "Ocean thermal energy conversion __knowledge__ Up to 88,000 TWh/yr of power could be generated from OTEC without affecting the ocean’s thermal structure [Pelc and Fujita, 2002].", "Spa __knowledge__ A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (and sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths.", "Spa __knowledge__ Spa towns or spa resorts (including hot springs resorts) typically offer various health treatments, which are also known as balneotherapy.", "Spa __knowledge__ The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters goes back to prehistoric times.", "Spa __knowledge__ Such practices have been popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan.", "Spa __knowledge__ Day spas are also quite popular, and offer various personal care treatments.", "Spa __knowledge__ The term is derived from the name of the town of Spa, Belgium, whose name is known back from Roman times, when the location was called \"Aquae Spadanae\", sometimes incorrectly connected to the Latin word \"spargere\" meaning to scatter, sprinkle or moisten.", "Thermae __knowledge__ In ancient Rome, thermae (from Greek θερμός \"thermos\", \"hot\") and balneae (from Greek βαλανεῖον \"balaneion\") were facilities for bathing.", "Thermae __knowledge__ \"Thermae\" usually refers to the large imperial bath complexes, while \"balneae\" were smaller-scale facilities, public or private, that existed in great numbers throughout Rome.", "Thermae __knowledge__ Most Roman cities had at least one, if not many, such buildings, which were centres not only for bathing, but socializing.", "Thermae __knowledge__ Roman bath-houses were also provided for private villas, town houses, and forts.", "Thermae __knowledge__ They were supplied with water from an adjacent river or stream, or more normally, by an aqueduct.", "El Niño–Southern Oscillation __knowledge__ El Niño–Southern Oscillation (\"ENSO\") is an irregularly periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting much of the tropics and subtropics.", "El Niño–Southern Oscillation __knowledge__ The warming phase is known as \"El Niño\" and the cooling phase as \"La Niña\".", "El Niño–Southern Oscillation __knowledge__ \"Southern Oscillation\" is the accompanying atmospheric component, coupled with the sea temperature change: \"El Niño\" is accompanied with high, and \"La Niña\" with low air surface pressure in the tropical western Pacific.", "El Niño–Southern Oscillation __knowledge__ The two periods last several months each (typically occurring every few years) and their effects vary in intensity.", "Tropical cyclone __knowledge__ A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.", "Tropical cyclone __knowledge__ Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone is referred to by different names, including hurricane (), typhoon (), tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, and simply cyclone.", "Tropical cyclone __knowledge__ A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, and a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean; while in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean, comparable storms are referred to simply as “tropical cyclones” or “severe cyclonic storms”.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The effects of global warming include its gayon human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The observed and projected increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts will further exacerbate the effects on human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This article describes some of those effects on individuals and populations.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ A good example of the impact of global warming on health can be seen in the disease Erythromelalgia.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This is a vascular disease that is commonly triggered by the involvement of change in temperature, which leads to syndromes including (first and second degree) burning pain, increased temperature, erythema and swelling, of mainly the hands and feet that are affected." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bathing __knowledge__ Bathing is the washing of the body with a liquid, usually water or an aqueous solution, or the immersion of the body in water.", "Bathing __knowledge__ It may be practiced for personal hygiene, religious ritual or therapeutic purposes.", "Bathing __knowledge__ By analogy, especially as a recreational activity, the term is also applied to sun bathing and sea bathing.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Bathing can take place in any situation where there is water, ranging from warm to cold.", "Bathing __knowledge__ It can take place in a bathtub or shower, or it can be in a river, lake, water hole, pool or the sea, or any other water receptacle.", "Bathing __knowledge__ The term for the act can vary.", "Bathing __knowledge__ For example, a ritual religious bath is sometimes referred to as immersion, the use of water for therapeutic purposes can be called a water treatment or hydrotherapy, and two recreational water activities are known as swimming and paddling.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Throughout history, societies devised systems to enable water to be brought to population centres.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Ancient Indians used elaborate practices for personal hygiene with three daily baths and washing.", "Bathing __knowledge__ These are recorded in the works called grihya sutras which are in practice even today in some communities.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Ancient Greece utilized small bathtubs, wash basins, and foot baths for personal cleanliness.", "Third gender __knowledge__ Third gender or third sex is a concept in which individuals are categorized, either by themselves or by society, as neither man nor woman.", "Third gender __knowledge__ It is also a social category present in societies that recognize three or more genders.", "Third gender __knowledge__ The term \"third\" is usually understood to mean \"other\"; some anthropologists and sociologists have described fourth, fifth, and \"some\" genders.", "Third gender __knowledge__ Biology determines whether a human's chromosomal and anatomical sex is male, female, or one of the uncommon variations on this sexual dimorphism that can create a degree of ambiguity known as intersex.", "Third gender __knowledge__ However, the state of personally identifying as, or being identified by society as, a man, a woman, or other, is usually also defined by the individual's gender identity and gender role in the particular culture in which they live.", "Old Norse morphology __knowledge__ Old Norse has three categories of verbs (strong, weak, & present-preterite) and two categories of nouns (strong, weak).", "Old Norse morphology __knowledge__ Conjugation and declension are carried out by a mix of inflection and two nonconcatenative morphological processes: umlaut, a backness-based alteration to the root vowel; and ablaut, a replacement of the root vowel, in verbs.", "Old Norse morphology __knowledge__ Nouns, adjectives and pronouns are declined in four grammatical cases – nominative, accusative, genitive and dative, in singular and plural.", "Old Norse morphology __knowledge__ Some pronouns (first and second person) have dual number in addition to singular and plural.", "Old Norse morphology __knowledge__ The nouns have three grammatical genders – masculine, feminine or neuter - and adjectives and pronouns are declined to match the gender of nouns.", "Hegemonic masculinity __knowledge__ In gender studies, hegemonic masculinity is part of R.W.", "Hegemonic masculinity __knowledge__ Connell's gender order theory, which recognizes multiple masculinities that vary across time, culture and the individual.", "Hegemonic masculinity __knowledge__ Hegemonic masculinity is defined as a practice that legitimizes men's dominant position in society and justifies the subordination of women, and other marginalized ways of being a man.", "Hegemonic masculinity __knowledge__ Conceptually, hegemonic masculinity proposes to explain how and why men maintain dominant social roles over women, and other gender identities, which are perceived as \"feminine\" in a given society.", "Hegemonic masculinity __knowledge__ As a sociologic concept, the \"hegemonic\" nature of \"hegemonic masculinity\" derives from the theory of cultural hegemony, by Marxist theorist Antonio Gramsci, which analyzes the power relations among the social classes of a society.", "Karl-Günther Heimsoth __knowledge__ Karl-Günther Heimsoth, also known as Karl-Guenter Heimsoth (4 December 1899, Charlottenburg – July 1934, Berlin) was a German physician, polygraph, and politician.", "Karl-Günther Heimsoth __knowledge__ Heimsoth was a member of the Nazi Party.", "Karl-Günther Heimsoth __knowledge__ Karl-Günther Heimsoth was born in Charlottenburg, the son of a court clerk and bank director.", "Karl-Günther Heimsoth __knowledge__ His youth was spent in Dortmund, where in June 1917 he passed his abitur, a test of maturity which was simplified temporarily because of the First World War.", "Karl-Günther Heimsoth __knowledge__ He then enlisted in the Prussian Army and until the end of 1918 participated in World War I, being deployed on the Western Front - finishing with the rank of lieutenant.", "Cary Grant __knowledge__ Cary Grant (born Archibald Alec Leach; January 18, 1904 – November 29, 1986) was an English-American actor, known as one of classic Hollywood's definitive leading men.", "Cary Grant __knowledge__ He began a career in Hollywood in the early 1930s, and became known for his transatlantic accent, debonair demeanor, and light-hearted approach to acting and sense of comic timing.", "Cary Grant __knowledge__ He became an American citizen in 1942.", "Cary Grant __knowledge__ Born in Horfield, Bristol, Grant became attracted to theatre at a young age, and began performing with a troupe known as \"The Penders\" from the age of six.", "Cary Grant __knowledge__ After attending Bishop Road Primary School and Fairfield Grammar School in Bristol, he toured the country as a stage performer, and decided to stay in New York City after a performance there.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Old Norse __knowledge__ Old Norse was a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during about the 9th to 13th centuries.", "Old Norse __knowledge__ The Proto-Norse language developed into Old Norse by the 8th century, and Old Norse began to develop into the modern North Germanic languages in the mid- to late 14th century, ending the language phase known as Old Norse.", "Old Norse __knowledge__ These dates, however, are not absolute, since written Old Norse is found well into the 15th century.", "Old Norse __knowledge__ Old Norse was divided into three dialects: Old West Norse, Old East Norse, and Old Gutnish.", "Old Norse __knowledge__ Old West and East Norse formed a dialect continuum, with no clear geographical boundary between them.", "Spa __knowledge__ A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (and sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths.", "Spa __knowledge__ Spa towns or spa resorts (including hot springs resorts) typically offer various health treatments, which are also known as balneotherapy.", "Spa __knowledge__ The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters goes back to prehistoric times.", "Spa __knowledge__ Such practices have been popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan.", "Spa __knowledge__ Day spas are also quite popular, and offer various personal care treatments.", "Spa __knowledge__ The term is derived from the name of the town of Spa, Belgium, whose name is known back from Roman times, when the location was called \"Aquae Spadanae\", sometimes incorrectly connected to the Latin word \"spargere\" meaning to scatter, sprinkle or moisten.", "Bathhouse Row __knowledge__ Bathhouse Row is a collection of bathhouses, associated buildings, and gardens located at Hot Springs National Park in the city of Hot Springs, Arkansas.", "Bathhouse Row __knowledge__ The bathhouses were included in 1832 when the Federal Government took over four parcels of land to preserve 47 natural hot springs, their mineral waters which lack the sulphur odor of most hot springs, and their area of origin on the lower slopes of Hot Springs Mountain.", "Bathhouse Row __knowledge__ The existing bathhouses are the third and fourth generations of bathhouses along Hot Springs Creek and some sit directly over the hot springs – the resource for which the area was set aside as the first federal reserve in 1832.", "Manitou Mineral Springs __knowledge__ Manitou Mineral Springs are natural mineral springs in Manitou Springs, Colorado and Cheyenne Spring House is on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Manitou Mineral Springs __knowledge__ The springs are located in one of the country's largest National Historic Districts.", "Manitou Mineral Springs __knowledge__ Manitou Springs, also called \"Saratoga of the West\", was established as a resort community, known for its mineral springs and \"spectacular setting\" at the edge of the Rocky Mountains and the base of Pikes Peak.", "Manitou Mineral Springs __knowledge__ The spring water of Manitou Springs originates from two sources.", "Manitou Mineral Springs __knowledge__ \"Deep-seated waters\" of Rampart Range and Ute Pass provide one source of mineral water.", "Bottled water __knowledge__ Bottled water is drinking water (e.g., well water, distilled water, mineral water, or spring water) packaged in PET Bottle or Glass Water Bottles.", "Bottled water __knowledge__ Bottled water may be carbonated or not.", "Bottled water __knowledge__ Sizes range from small single serving bottles to large carboys for water coolers.", "Bottled water __knowledge__ Although vessels to bottle and transport water were part of the earliest human civilizations, bottling water began in the United Kingdom with the first water bottling at the Holy Well in 1621.", "Bottled water __knowledge__ The demand for bottled water was fueled in large part by the resurgence in spa-going and water therapy among Europeans and American colonists in the 17th and 18th centuries.", "Hydrotherapy __knowledge__ Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy and also called water cure, is a part of alternative medicine, in particular of naturopathy, occupational therapy and physiotherapy, that involves the use of water for pain relief and treatment.", "Hydrotherapy __knowledge__ The term encompasses a broad range of approaches and therapeutic methods that take advantage of the physical properties of water, such as temperature and pressure, for therapeutic purposes, to stimulate blood circulation and treat the symptoms of certain diseases.", "Hydrotherapy __knowledge__ Various therapies used in the present-day hydrotherapy employ water jets, underwater massage and mineral baths (e.g.", "Malvern water __knowledge__ Malvern water is a natural spring water from the Malvern Hills on the border of the counties of Herefordshire and Worcestershire in England.", "Malvern water __knowledge__ The Hills consist of very hard granite and limestone rock.", "Malvern water __knowledge__ Fissures in the rock retain rain water, which slowly permeates through, escaping at the springs.", "Malvern water __knowledge__ The springs release an average of about 60 litres a minute and the flow has never been known to cease.", "Malvern water __knowledge__ Beneficial properties of the water have been reported for over four hundred years, and the reason for such benefits was a topic of scholarly discussion by 1817.", "Malvern water __knowledge__ In the 19th century Malvern became famous for the water cure, resulting in its rapid development from a village to a busy town with many large Victorian and Edwardian hotels.", "Hot Springs National Park __knowledge__ Hot Springs National Park is a United States National Park in central Garland County, Arkansas, adjacent to the city of Hot Springs, the county seat.", "Hot Springs National Park __knowledge__ Hot Springs Reservation was initially created by an act of the United States Congress on April 20, 1832 to be preserved for future recreation.", "Hot Springs National Park __knowledge__ Established before the concept of a national park existed, it was the first time that a piece of land had been set aside by the federal government to preserve its use as an area for recreation.", "Hot Springs National Park __knowledge__ The hot spring water has been popularly believed for centuries to possess medicinal properties, and was a subject of legend among several Native American tribes." ] ]

[ 2, 4, 61, 50 ]

[ "Yeah me too. I like washing my hair last. I enjoy bathing as its a great way to keep ones personal hygiene.", "Haha I can imagine. You know I love bathing warm water but cold water can be very rejuvenating. ", "Yeah I know what you mean, I guess its not for everyone. You know what a spa is more like it for me, bathing in mineral rich spring water.", "I'm not that fortunate but I save up sometimes to treat myself because I believe in the curative powers of mineral waters." ]

[ "Bathing", "Bathing", "Bathing", "Bathing" ]

[ "Beard", "i like mine shaved it makes me look very professional unlike unshaved ones", "i also itch myself if my beards are shaggy i tend to look untidy,i just don't like unshaven beards" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beard __knowledge__ A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some animals.", "Beard __knowledge__ In humans, usually only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards.", "Beard __knowledge__ From an evolutionary viewpoint the beard is a part of the broader category of androgenic hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ It is a vestigial trait from a time when humans had hair on their face and entire body like the hair on gorillas.", "Beard __knowledge__ The evolutionary loss of hair is pronounced in some populations such as indigenous Americans and some east Asian populations, who have less facial hair, whereas people of European or South Asian ancestry and the Ainu have more facial hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ Societal attitudes toward male beards have varied widely depending on factors such as prevailing cultural-religious traditions and the current era's fashion trends.", "Beard __knowledge__ Some religions (such as Sikhism) have considered a full beard to be essential for all males able to grow one, and mandate it as part of their official dogma.", "Beard __knowledge__ Other cultures, even while not officially mandating it, view a beard as central to a man's virility, exemplifying such virtues as wisdom, strength, sexual prowess and high social status.", "Beard __knowledge__ However, in cultures where facial hair is uncommon (or currently out of fashion), beards may be associated with poor hygiene or a \"savage\", uncivilized, or even dangerous demeanor." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beard __knowledge__ A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some animals.", "Beard __knowledge__ In humans, usually only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards.", "Beard __knowledge__ From an evolutionary viewpoint the beard is a part of the broader category of androgenic hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ It is a vestigial trait from a time when humans had hair on their face and entire body like the hair on gorillas.", "Beard __knowledge__ The evolutionary loss of hair is pronounced in some populations such as indigenous Americans and some east Asian populations, who have less facial hair, whereas people of European or South Asian ancestry and the Ainu have more facial hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ Societal attitudes toward male beards have varied widely depending on factors such as prevailing cultural-religious traditions and the current era's fashion trends.", "Beard __knowledge__ Some religions (such as Sikhism) have considered a full beard to be essential for all males able to grow one, and mandate it as part of their official dogma.", "Beard __knowledge__ Other cultures, even while not officially mandating it, view a beard as central to a man's virility, exemplifying such virtues as wisdom, strength, sexual prowess and high social status.", "Beard __knowledge__ However, in cultures where facial hair is uncommon (or currently out of fashion), beards may be associated with poor hygiene or a \"savage\", uncivilized, or even dangerous demeanor.", "Duchers __knowledge__ The Duchers ( or дучеры) was the Russian name of the people populating the shores of the middle course of the Amur River, approximately from the mouth of the Zeya down to the mouth of the Ussury, and possibly even somewhat further downstream.", "Duchers __knowledge__ Their ethnic identity is not known with certainty, but it is usually assumed that they were a Tungusic people, related to the Jurchens and/or the Nanais.", "Duchers __knowledge__ The name of this ethnic group is sometimes also written in English as \"Jucher\".", "Duchers __knowledge__ The total number of Duchers (including other related Manchu groups, but not the Daurs or Evenks) of the Amur Valley at the time of the appearance of the Russian explorers in the region ca.", "Boris Petrovich Polevoy __knowledge__ Boris Petrovich Polevoy (; the surname is also transcribed as Polevoi; 10 May 1918 - 26 January 2002) was a Russian historian known for his work on the history of the Russian Far East.", "Boris Petrovich Polevoy __knowledge__ He was honored in Kamchatka for his work on the study of the region's history, and has been described in the West as \"a leading Soviet specialist on the history of Russian cartography\".", "Boris Petrovich Polevoy __knowledge__ Boris Polevoy was born in Chita, in the family of Saint Peterburgers who left Saint Petersburg in the spring of 1918, soon after the October Revolution of 1917.", "Boris Petrovich Polevoy __knowledge__ Boris' parents - the geologist Petr Ignatyevich Polevoy (Петр Игнатьевич Полевой; 1873–1938) and Antonina Mikhailovna (Антонина Михайловна) Polevoy, née Golovachev, planned to reach Sakhalin Island, but ended up staying for a few months in Chita, in Russian Transbaikalia, where Antonina Polevoy's relatives lived, and where she gave birth to Boris.", "Heart Like Mine __knowledge__ \"Heart Like Mine\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Miranda Lambert.", "Heart Like Mine __knowledge__ It was released in January 2011 as the fifth and final single from her third album \"Revolution\".", "Heart Like Mine __knowledge__ The song was written by Lambert, Ashley Monroe and Travis Howard.", "Heart Like Mine __knowledge__ It's about a rough and rugged female who ignores her friends and family's criticism because her heart is something that Jesus would understand.", "Heart Like Mine __knowledge__ The song garnered positive reviews from critics who praised its catchability and Lambert's lyrics.", "Heart Like Mine __knowledge__ \"Heart Like Mine\" gave Lambert her second number one hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart.", "Shortie Like Mine __knowledge__ \"Shortie like Mine\" is a song by rapper Bow Wow.", "Shortie Like Mine __knowledge__ It is the first single from his fifth studio album, \"The Price of Fame\" (2006).", "Shortie Like Mine __knowledge__ This song features American R&B singers Chris Brown & Johntá Austin.", "Shortie Like Mine __knowledge__ Allmusic's David Jeffries praised the song by highlighting and favourable citation: \"Saving the album from being a disaster is perfectly acceptable single; \"Shortie Like Mine\" which swaggers with a great hook.\"", "Shortie Like Mine __knowledge__ The music video premiered on BET's \"Access Granted\" on October 23, 2006 and was the New Joint on BET's \"106 & Park\" a day later on October 24, 2006.", "Shortie Like Mine __knowledge__ The video for \"Shortie Like Mine\" has a MySpace theme and was earlier made as a praise record to Ciara.", "The Power of Five __knowledge__ The Power of Five (also known as The Gatekeepers in the US) is a series of five fantasy and suspense novels, written by English author Anthony Horowitz and published between 2005 and 2012.", "The Power of Five __knowledge__ It is an updated re-imagining of Horowitz's \"Pentagram\" series, which the author had left unfinished in the 1980s.", "The Power of Five __knowledge__ The series is published in the United Kingdom by Walker Books Ltd and in the United States by Scholastic Press.", "The Power of Five __knowledge__ The novels deal heavily in the occult and examples of things such as human sacrifice and blood rituals are major plot elements, such as in the first book, where Matthew Freeman is hunted by a Cult who want to conduct a blood sacrifice on him to blast open a portal using a combination of nuclear physics and black magic, to unlock another dimension which is holding a group of ancient evil demons captive.", "Špindlerův Mlýn __knowledge__ Špindlerův Mlýn (; , formerly also \"Spindelmühle\") is a town in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic.", "Špindlerův Mlýn __knowledge__ Located in the Krkonoše (Giant Mountains) range, it is one of the most frequented mountain and ski resorts in the country.", "Špindlerův Mlýn __knowledge__ Špindlerův Mlýn is in the north of the historic Bohemia region near the border with Poland.", "Špindlerův Mlýn __knowledge__ Situated on the southern slopes of the Kozí hřbety, part of the Krkonoše Bohemian Ridge, at an altitude of to a.s.l., it is protected on all sides by the mountain peaks of Kozí hřbety, Pláň and Mt.", "Špindlerův Mlýn __knowledge__ Medvědín.", "Špindlerův Mlýn __knowledge__ In the east rises Luční hora at , the second highest mountain of the Czech Republic.", "Onufriy Stepanov __knowledge__ Onufriy Stepanov () (died June 30, 1658) was a Siberian Cossack and explorer of the Amur River.", "Onufriy Stepanov __knowledge__ For background see Russian–Manchu border conflicts.", "Onufriy Stepanov __knowledge__ 1653: After Yerofey Khabarov’s arrest and departure to Moscow in the fall of 1653, Onufriy Stepanov was appointed his deputy in the region of Dauria (upper reaches of the Amur River) and put in charge of the 320 men who remained there.", "Onufriy Stepanov __knowledge__ Stepanov and his men suffered privations without enough grain and timber, so they decided to sail down the Amur River beyond the Sungari River to the Ducher country in order to procure food and building materials.", "Onufriy Stepanov __knowledge__ Stepanov succeeded in his mission, but not without skirmishes with the Duchers, exacting a considerable yasak from them.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ In sociolinguistics, a T–V distinction (from the Latin pronouns tu\" and vos\") is a contrast, within one language, between various forms of addressing one's conversation partner or partners that are specialized for varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity, age or insult toward the addressee.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Many languages lack this type of distinction, instead relying on more explicit wording to convey these meanings.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ The morphosyntactic T–V distinction, though, is found in a variety of languages around the world.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Modern English technically has the T–V distinction, manifested in the pronouns \"thou\" and \"you\", though the familiar \"thou\" is no longer used in most contemporary dialects.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity branding or celebrity endorsement is a form of advertising campaign or marketing strategy used by brands, companies, or a non-profit organization which involves celebrities or a well-known person using their social status or their fame to help promote a product, service or even raise awareness on environmental or social matters.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Marketers use celebrity endorsers in hopes that the positive images of the celebrity endorser of the brand will also be passed on to the products or the brand image associated with the celebrities.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity endorsement is usually commonly used by fashion or beauty brands, but a non-profit organization relies on celebrities as well, as celebrities have mass communication skills which can attract people's attention and is helpful in reaching a wider audience to raise their awareness towards a certain organization or an issue.", "Self-monitoring __knowledge__ Self-monitoring is a concept introduced during the 1970s by Mark Snyder, that shows how much people monitor their self-presentations, expressive behavior, and nonverbal affective displays.", "Self-monitoring __knowledge__ Human beings generally differ in substantial ways in their abilities and desires to engage in expressive controls (see dramaturgy).", "Self-monitoring __knowledge__ It is defined as a personality trait that refers to an ability to regulate behavior to accommodate social situations.", "Self-monitoring __knowledge__ People concerned with their expressive self-presentation (see impression management) tend to closely monitor their audience in order to ensure appropriate or desired public appearances.", "Social inequality __knowledge__ Social inequality occurs when resources in a given society are distributed unevenly, typically through norms of allocation, that engender specific patterns along lines of socially defined categories of persons.", "Social inequality __knowledge__ It is the differentiation preference of access of social goods in the society brought about by power, religion, kinship, coffee, prestige, race, ethnicity, gender, age, sexual orientation, and class.", "Social inequality __knowledge__ The social rights include labor market, the source of income, health care, and freedom of speech, education, political representation, and participation.", "Social inequality __knowledge__ Social inequality linked to Economic inequality, usually described on the basis of the unequal distribution of income or wealth, is a frequently studied type of social inequality.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beard __knowledge__ A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some animals.", "Beard __knowledge__ In humans, usually only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards.", "Beard __knowledge__ From an evolutionary viewpoint the beard is a part of the broader category of androgenic hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ It is a vestigial trait from a time when humans had hair on their face and entire body like the hair on gorillas.", "Beard __knowledge__ The evolutionary loss of hair is pronounced in some populations such as indigenous Americans and some east Asian populations, who have less facial hair, whereas people of European or South Asian ancestry and the Ainu have more facial hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ Societal attitudes toward male beards have varied widely depending on factors such as prevailing cultural-religious traditions and the current era's fashion trends.", "Beard __knowledge__ Some religions (such as Sikhism) have considered a full beard to be essential for all males able to grow one, and mandate it as part of their official dogma.", "Beard __knowledge__ Other cultures, even while not officially mandating it, view a beard as central to a man's virility, exemplifying such virtues as wisdom, strength, sexual prowess and high social status.", "Beard __knowledge__ However, in cultures where facial hair is uncommon (or currently out of fashion), beards may be associated with poor hygiene or a \"savage\", uncivilized, or even dangerous demeanor.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Facial hair in the military has been at various times common, prohibited, or an integral part of the uniform.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In the armed forces (and police) of India, Sikhs are allowed to wear full beards as their religion expressly requires followers to do so.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ However, they are specifically required to \"dress up their hair and beard properly\".", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In fact, in Sikh-only units there are instances of personnel transferred out by the unit Commander for their refusal to wear beard and hair as required by Sikh religion, although no official regulation exists on this.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Non-Sikh personnel are allowed to grow whiskers and moustaches, with the only regulation being that \"will be of moderate length\".", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Religious symbolism in the United States military includes the use of religious symbols for military chaplain insignia, uniforms, emblems, flags, and chapels; symbolic gestures, actions, and words used in military rituals and ceremonies; and religious symbols or designations used in areas such as headstones and markers in national cemeteries, and military ID tags (\"dog tags\").", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Symbolism sometimes includes specific images included or excluded because of religious reasons, choices involving colors with religious significance, and \"religious accommodation\" policies regarding the wear of \"religious apparel\" and \"grooming\" (such as \"unshorn\" hair and beards worn for religious reasons) with military uniforms.", "Referred itch __knowledge__ Referred itch is the phenomenon in which a stimulus applied in one region of the body is felt as an itch or irritation in a different part of the body.", "Referred itch __knowledge__ The syndrome is relatively harmless, though it can be irritating, and healthy individuals can express symptoms.", "Referred itch __knowledge__ Stimuli range from a firm pressure applied to the skin – a scratch – to irritation or pulling on a hair follicle on the skin.", "Referred itch __knowledge__ The referred sensation itself should not be painful; it is more of an irritating prickle leading to the compulsion to scratch the area.", "Referred itch __knowledge__ The stimulus and referred itch are ipsilateral (the stimulus and the referred itch occur on the same side of the body).", "The Beards (Australian band) __knowledge__ The Beards are an Australian comedy folk rock band which formed in 2005.", "The Beards (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group play music based on the virtues of having a beard.", "The Beards (Australian band) __knowledge__ Forming in 2005 in Adelaide, South Australia, to play a one off show, The Beards rose in popularity and soon found they had developed a local cult following with the release of their first album \"The Beards\" in July 2007.", "The Beards (Australian band) __knowledge__ The band followed this up by being selected to play the Adelaide Big Day Out in 2008 & 2009.", "The Beards (Australian band) __knowledge__ During this period, The Beards were highly active in the Adelaide music scene, but largely unknown outside of their hometown.", "The Beards (Australian band) __knowledge__ In 2009 the band released its follow-up album, \"Beards Beards Beards\", and a music video to the song \"If Your Dad Doesn't Have a Beard, You've Got Two Mums\", which received positive acclamations and garnered them increased interest online, as well as airtime on Australian music video program Rage.", "Beard Liberation Front __knowledge__ The Beard Liberation Front (BLF) is a British interest group which campaigns in support of beards and opposes pogonophobic discrimination against those who wear them.", "Beard Liberation Front __knowledge__ It was founded in 1995 by socialist historian Keith Flett who continues to organise and represent the organisation.", "Beard Liberation Front __knowledge__ Apart from its numerous campaigns in support of beards and against pogonophobia in the workplace and discrimination against those who wear beards as part of their religion, it currently hosts the annual Beard of the Year award.", "Beard Liberation Front __knowledge__ On the face of it, the campaign is semi-humorous, with its outwardly frivolous aims, its occasionally outlandish claims of discrimination and conspiracy, and its founder, who is also the spokesman for the Campaign for Real Conkers.", "Shaving in Judaism __knowledge__ In Judaism, shaving with a razor is a prohibition that is based on rabbinic interpretation of Leviticus 19:27, which states, \"You shall not round off the side-growth on your head, or destroy the side-growth of your beard.\"", "Shaving in Judaism __knowledge__ The Mishnah interprets this as a prohibition on using a razor on the beard.", "Shaving in Judaism __knowledge__ This prohibition is further expanded upon in kabbalistic literature.", "Shaving in Judaism __knowledge__ The halakhic prohibition applies to shaving off the \"pe'ot\" (sidelocks) and \"corners of the beard\" by means of a razor.", "Shaving in Judaism __knowledge__ The book of Leviticus in the Torah makes mention of \"corners of the head\", and prohibits the \"marring\" of the \"corners of the beard\", with particular emphasis on priests not \"marring\" the \"corners of the beard\"; as with many other parts of Leviticus, the Book of Ezekiel describes different regulations, stating that the priests should not shave their heads, or let their locks grow long.", "Indo-Canadians in British Columbia __knowledge__ The first Indo-Canadians in British Columbia were mostly persons who originated from Hoshiarpur and Jullundur, two communities in the Punjab region of the British Raj, in modern-day India, followed by large waves of people from the Malwa, Punjab.", "Indo-Canadians in British Columbia __knowledge__ Many Punjabis originally settled in rural Canada at the turn of the twentieth century, working in sawmills and the agricultural sector.", "Indo-Canadians in British Columbia __knowledge__ As their numbers grew anti-\"Hindu\" sentiment increased among the Whites living in the province and they were prevented from voting beginning in 1908.", "Indo-Canadians in British Columbia __knowledge__ Originally Indo-Canadian settlement was predominately male; large numbers of women and children began arriving in the 1940s.", "Indo-Aryan migration __knowledge__ Indo-Aryan migration models discuss scenarios around the theory of an origin from outside South Asia of Indo-Aryan peoples, an ascribed ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages, the predominant languages of North India.", "Indo-Aryan migration __knowledge__ Proponents of Indo-Aryan origin outside of South Asia generally consider migrations into the region and Anatolia (ancient Mitanni) from Central Asia to have started around 1500 BCE, as a slow diffusion during the Late Harappan period, which led to a language shift in northern South Asia.", "Indo-Aryan migration __knowledge__ The Iranian languages were brought into Iran by the Iranians, who were closely related to the Indo-Aryans.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Miscegenation (; from the Latin \"miscere\" \"to mix\" + \"genus\" \"kind\") is the mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations, or procreation.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Because of the term's historical use in contexts that typically implied disapproval, more unambiguously neutral terms such as \"interracial\", \"interethnic\", or \"cross-cultural\" are more common in contemporary usage.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ The term \"miscegenation\" has been used since the 19th century to refer to interracial marriage and interracial sexual relations, and more generally to the process of genetic admixture.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Historically, the term has been used in the context of laws banning interracial marriage and sex, known as anti-miscegenation laws.", "South Asian Canadians in Greater Vancouver __knowledge__ As of 2014, there are 250,000 ethnic Indo-Canadians in Greater Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.", "South Asian Canadians in Greater Vancouver __knowledge__ The Newton area of Surrey, a city within Greater Vancouver, as of 2012, is one of the world's largest South Asian enclaves.", "South Asian Canadians in Greater Vancouver __knowledge__ Most Indo-Canadians in Greater Vancouver and cities adjacent to it are Punjabi Sikhs; Sikhism is the majority religion and Punjabis are the majority ethnic group.", "South Asian Canadians in Greater Vancouver __knowledge__ This differs from the overall composition of South Asians in Canada; the 2007 data from Stats Can states \"Canadians of South Asian origin are almost equally divided among the Sikh, Hindu and Muslim faith groups\" 68% percent of Indo-Canadians in Canada live in the Toronto and Vancouver areas as of 2001, together making up 7% of the combined populations of the cities.", "Mestizo __knowledge__ Mestizo (; Peninsular Spanish: , Latin American Spanish: ) is a term traditionally used in Spain and Latin America which originally meant a person of combined European and Amerindian descent, regardless of where the person was born.", "Mestizo __knowledge__ The term was used as an ethnic/racial category in the casta system that was in use during the Spanish Empire's control of their American colonies.", "Mestizo __knowledge__ Nowadays though, particularly in Latin America and the Philippines, Mestizo has become more of a cultural term, with culturally mainstream Latin Americans regarded or termed as Mestizos regardless of their actual ancestry, and with the term \"Indian\" being reserved exclusively for people who have maintained a separate indigenous ethnic identity, language, tribal affiliation, etc.", "British Asian __knowledge__ British Asians (also referred as South Asians in the United Kingdom, Asian British people or Asian Britons) are persons of Asian descent who reside in the United Kingdom.", "British Asian __knowledge__ In British English usage, the term \"Asians\" usually refers to people with roots in South Asia, essentially the Indian subcontinent.", "British Asian __knowledge__ Immigration of small numbers of South Asians to England began with the arrival of the East India Company to the Indian subcontinent in the 17th century.", "British Asian __knowledge__ Indians came to Britain, for educational or economic reasons, during the British Raj, with most returning to India after a few months or years, and in greater numbers as the Indian independence movement led to the partition of 1947, eventually creating the separate countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.", "Eurasian (mixed ancestry) __knowledge__ A Eurasian is a person of mixed Asian and European ancestry.", "Eurasian (mixed ancestry) __knowledge__ The term was originally coined in 19th-century British India to identify a person born to (usually) a British father and an Indian mother.", "Eurasian (mixed ancestry) __knowledge__ These mixed offspring were later called Anglo-Indians.", "Eurasian (mixed ancestry) __knowledge__ In addition to British many were also of mixed Portuguese, Dutch, Indian, or, more rarely, French descent.", "Eurasian (mixed ancestry) __knowledge__ The term has now been extended to include people whose parentage hails from Europe and all of Asia.", "Eurasian (mixed ancestry) __knowledge__ The term has been used in anthropological literature since the 1960s.", "Eurasian (mixed ancestry) __knowledge__ Historically, Central Asia has been a \"melting pot\" of West Eurasia and East Eurasian peoples, leading to high genetic admixture and diversity." ] ]

[ 8, 5, 10 ]

[ "These days I am trying to grow a beard since I am off work. I want to look wise and convey my high social status to others!", "You're right in some culture it looks uncivilized and unhygienic especially in South Asian ancestry ", "I think thats why its prohibited in some military outfits. " ]

[ "Beard", "Beard", "Beard" ]

[ "Collie", "yes i have they are very short", "that my favorite too. but i also like pit bulls" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Collie __knowledge__ The collie is a distinctive type of herding dog, including many related landraces and standardised breeds.", "Collie __knowledge__ The type originated in Scotland and Northern England.", "Collie __knowledge__ The collie is a medium-sized, fairly lightly built dog, with a pointed snout.", "Collie __knowledge__ Many types have a distinctive white pattern over the shoulders.", "Collie __knowledge__ Collies are very active and agile, and most types of collies have a very strong herding instinct.", "Collie __knowledge__ Collie breeds have spread through many parts of the world (especially Australia and North America) and have diversified into many varieties, sometimes with mixture from other dog types.", "Collie __knowledge__ Some collie breeds have remained as working dogs, used for herding cattle, sheep and other livestock, while others are kept as pets, show dogs or for dog sports, in which they display great agility, stamina and trainability.", "Collie __knowledge__ While the AKC has a breed they call \"Collie\", in fact collie dogs are a distinctive type of herding dog including many related landraces and formal breeds.", "Collie __knowledge__ There are usually major distinctions between show dogs and those bred for herding trials or dog sports.", "Collie __knowledge__ They typically display great agility, stamina and trainability and more importantly sagacity.", "Collie __knowledge__ Common use of the name \"collie\" in some areas is limited largely to certain breeds – such as to the Rough Collie in parts of the United States, or to the Border Collie in many rural parts of Great Britain." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Collie __knowledge__ The collie is a distinctive type of herding dog, including many related landraces and standardised breeds.", "Collie __knowledge__ The type originated in Scotland and Northern England.", "Collie __knowledge__ The collie is a medium-sized, fairly lightly built dog, with a pointed snout.", "Collie __knowledge__ Many types have a distinctive white pattern over the shoulders.", "Collie __knowledge__ Collies are very active and agile, and most types of collies have a very strong herding instinct.", "Collie __knowledge__ Collie breeds have spread through many parts of the world (especially Australia and North America) and have diversified into many varieties, sometimes with mixture from other dog types.", "Collie __knowledge__ Some collie breeds have remained as working dogs, used for herding cattle, sheep and other livestock, while others are kept as pets, show dogs or for dog sports, in which they display great agility, stamina and trainability.", "Collie __knowledge__ While the AKC has a breed they call \"Collie\", in fact collie dogs are a distinctive type of herding dog including many related landraces and formal breeds.", "Collie __knowledge__ There are usually major distinctions between show dogs and those bred for herding trials or dog sports.", "Collie __knowledge__ They typically display great agility, stamina and trainability and more importantly sagacity.", "Collie __knowledge__ Common use of the name \"collie\" in some areas is limited largely to certain breeds – such as to the Rough Collie in parts of the United States, or to the Border Collie in many rural parts of Great Britain.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men are a culture jamming activist duo and network of supporters created by Jacques Servin and Igor Vamos.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ Through actions of tactical media, the Yes Men primarily aim to raise awareness about problematic social and political issues.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ To date, the duo have produced three films: \"The Yes Men\" (2003), \"The Yes Men Fix the World\" (2009) and \"The Yes Men Are Revolting\" (2014).", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ In these films, they impersonate entities that they dislike, a practice that they call \"identity correction\".", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men operate under the mission statement that lies can expose truth.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ They create and maintain fake websites similar to ones they intend to spoof, which have led to numerous interview, conference, and TV talk show invitations.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ The Rough Collie (also known as the Long-Haired Collie) is a long-coated breed of medium to large size dog that in its original form was a type of collie used and bred for herding in Scotland.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ Originating in the 1800s, it is now well known through the works of author Albert Payson Terhune, and through the \"Lassie\" novel, movies, and television shows.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ There is also a smooth-coated variety; some breed organisations, including both the American and the Canadian Kennel Clubs, consider the smooth-coat and rough-coat dogs to be variations of the same breed.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ Rough Collies generally come in shades of sable, merles, and tri-coloured.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The Shetland Sheepdog, also known as the Sheltie, is a breed of herding dog that originated in the Shetland Islands.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The original name of this breed was Shetland Collie, but when this caused controversy among the Rough Collie breeders of the time, the breed's name was formally changed to \"Shetland Sheepdog\".", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ This hard-working small dog is intelligent, vocal, excitable, and willing to please.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The breed was formally recognized by The Kennel Club in 1909.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ Like the Shetland pony and the Shetland sheep, the Shetland Sheepdog is a hardy but diminutive breed, developed to thrive amidst the harsh and meager conditions of its native island.", "Bearded Collie __knowledge__ The Bearded Collie, or Beardie, is a herding breed of dog once used primarily by Scottish shepherds, but now mostly a popular family companion.", "Bearded Collie __knowledge__ Bearded Collies have an average weight of .", "Bearded Collie __knowledge__ Males are around tall at the withers while females are around tall.", "Bearded Collie __knowledge__ The Bearded Collie's history is a combination of fact and legend.", "Bearded Collie __knowledge__ Kazimierz Grabski, a Polish merchant, reportedly traded a shipment of grain for sheep in Scotland in 1514 and brought six Polish Lowland Sheepdogs to move them.", "Bearded Collie __knowledge__ A Scottish shepherd was so impressed with the herding ability of the dogs that he traded several sheep for several dogs.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ A herding dog, also known as a stock dog or working dog, is a type of pastoral dog that either has been trained in herding or belongs to breeds developed for herding.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Their ability to be trained to act on the sound of a whistle or word of command is renowned throughout the world.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Collies are recommended as herding dogs.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ All herding behavior is modified predatory behavior.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Through selective breeding, humans have been able to minimize the dog's natural inclination to treat cattle and sheep as prey while simultaneously maintaining the dog's hunting skills, thereby creating an effective herding dog.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Lad: A Dog is a 1919 American novel written by Albert Payson Terhune and published by E. P. Dutton.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Composed of twelve short stories first published in magazines, the novel is based on the life of Terhune's real-life rough collie, Lad.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Born in 1902, the real-life Lad was an unregistered collie of unknown lineage originally owned by Terhune's father.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Lad's death in 1918 was mourned by many of the story's fans, particularly children.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Through the stories of Lad's adventures, Terhune expresses his views on parenting, obtaining perfect obedience without force, and the nature and rights of the \"well-bred\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Collie __knowledge__ The collie is a distinctive type of herding dog, including many related landraces and standardised breeds.", "Collie __knowledge__ The type originated in Scotland and Northern England.", "Collie __knowledge__ The collie is a medium-sized, fairly lightly built dog, with a pointed snout.", "Collie __knowledge__ Many types have a distinctive white pattern over the shoulders.", "Collie __knowledge__ Collies are very active and agile, and most types of collies have a very strong herding instinct.", "Collie __knowledge__ Collie breeds have spread through many parts of the world (especially Australia and North America) and have diversified into many varieties, sometimes with mixture from other dog types.", "Collie __knowledge__ Some collie breeds have remained as working dogs, used for herding cattle, sheep and other livestock, while others are kept as pets, show dogs or for dog sports, in which they display great agility, stamina and trainability.", "Collie __knowledge__ While the AKC has a breed they call \"Collie\", in fact collie dogs are a distinctive type of herding dog including many related landraces and formal breeds.", "Collie __knowledge__ There are usually major distinctions between show dogs and those bred for herding trials or dog sports.", "Collie __knowledge__ They typically display great agility, stamina and trainability and more importantly sagacity.", "Collie __knowledge__ Common use of the name \"collie\" in some areas is limited largely to certain breeds – such as to the Rough Collie in parts of the United States, or to the Border Collie in many rural parts of Great Britain.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Pit bull is the common name for a type of dog.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Formal breeds often considered in North America to be of the pit bull type include the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully, and Staffordshire Bull Terrier.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ The American Bulldog is also sometimes included.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Many of these breeds were originally developed as fighting dogs from cross breeding bull-baiting dogs (used to hold the faces and heads of larger animals such as bulls) and terriers.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ After the use of dogs in blood sports was banned, such dogs were used as catch dogs in the United States for semi-wild cattle and hogs, to hunt and drive livestock, and as family companions.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Breed-specific legislation is a law passed by a legislative body pertaining to a specific breed or breeds of domesticated animals.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ In practice, it generally refers to laws pertaining to a specific dog breed or breeds.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Some jurisdictions have enacted breed-specific legislation in response to a number of well-publicized incidents involving pit bull-type dogs or other dog breeds commonly used in dog fighting, and some government organizations such as the United States Army and Marine Corps have taken administrative action as well.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ This legislation ranges from outright bans on the possession of these dogs, to restrictions and conditions on ownership, and often establishes a legal presumption that these dogs are \"prima facie\" legally \"dangerous\" or \"vicious\".", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ Dog fighting in the United States is an activity in which fights between two game dogs are staged as a form of entertainment and gambling.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ Such activity has existed since the early 19th century in the United States and was gradually prohibited in all states.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ It continues as an underground activity in both rural and urban locations.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ In the late 20th century, police and animal control law enforcement task forces of primarily local and state authorities were formed in many parts of the country to combat dog fighting rings to combat serious animal welfare violations with links to organized crime and social problems.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ The American Pit Bull Terrier (APBT) is a dog breed.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized, solidly-built, intelligent, short-haired dog whose early ancestors came from the British Isles.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ When compared with the English Staffordshire Bull Terrier (another breed within the type commonly called pit bulls), the American Pit Bull Terrier is larger by margins of in height and in weight.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ The American Pit Bull Terrier varies in size.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ Males normally are about 18-21 inches (45–53 cm) in height and around 35-60 pounds (15–27 kg) in weight.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ Females are normally around 17-20 inches (43–50 cm) in height and 30-50 pounds (13–22 kg) in weight.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ Dog fighting is a type of blood sport generally defined as two or more game dogs against one another in a ring or a pit for the entertainment of the spectators or the gratification of the dogfighters, who are sometimes referred to as dogmen.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ In rural areas, fights are often staged in barns or outdoor pits; in urban areas, fights may occur in garages, basements, warehouses, abandoned buildings, back alleys, neighborhood playgrounds, or in the streets.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ Dog fights usually last until one dog is declared a winner, which occurs when one dog fails to scratch, one dog dies, or one dog jumps out of the pit.", "BAD RAP (organization) __knowledge__ BAD RAP (acronym for Bay Area Dog-lovers Responsible About Pit Bulls) is an animal welfare and rescue group based in Oakland, California, devoted to caring for and improving the public image of pit bull terriers as pets.", "BAD RAP (organization) __knowledge__ BAD RAP is a federal non-profit organization (under IRS Code 501(c)3) located in Oakland, California.", "BAD RAP (organization) __knowledge__ It was incorporated in 1999 to address the needs of homeless dogs, specifically homeless American Pit Bull Terriers, and to provide support and resources to animal welfare organizations that deal with pit bulls.", "BAD RAP (organization) __knowledge__ The organization also focuses on providing owner support, in the form of training, spay/neuter assistance and other resources, to families who own pit bulls.", "Pittsburgh Xplosion __knowledge__ The Pittsburgh Xplosion was a member of the Continental Basketball Association from 2006–2008.", "Pittsburgh Xplosion __knowledge__ Founded in 2004 as the Pittsburgh Hard Hats as a member of the ABA, the team, following an ownership change, took the court as the Pennsylvania Pit Bulls.", "Pittsburgh Xplosion __knowledge__ The team became the Xplosion in 2005, and joined the CBA in 2006.", "Pittsburgh Xplosion __knowledge__ It has been replaced in the ABA with the modern day Pittsburgh Phantoms.", "Pittsburgh Xplosion __knowledge__ The Xplosion played at Pittsburgh Civic Arena and on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh at the Petersen Events Center, both in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "Pittsburgh Xplosion __knowledge__ The Pittsburgh Hardhats were an American Basketball Association team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ The Frisbee Dog World Championship (also known as the Ashley Whippet Invitational World Championship and the Canine Frisbee Disc World Championship) is an annual competition for disc dogs.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ In 1975, Irv Lander, Alex Stein and Eldon McIntire first organized a World Championship for flying-disc (Frisbee) catching dogs and their handlers.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ The event continued annually.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ Stein and his disc dog, Ashley Whippet, won the first three championships in 1975, 1976 and 1977.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ McIntire was the owner of another disc dog named Hyper Hank.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ Lander worked for Wham-O, the maker of the Frisbee, which is a registered trademark of Wham-O.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ The Rough Collie (also known as the Long-Haired Collie) is a long-coated breed of medium to large size dog that in its original form was a type of collie used and bred for herding in Scotland.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ Originating in the 1800s, it is now well known through the works of author Albert Payson Terhune, and through the \"Lassie\" novel, movies, and television shows.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ There is also a smooth-coated variety; some breed organisations, including both the American and the Canadian Kennel Clubs, consider the smooth-coat and rough-coat dogs to be variations of the same breed.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ Rough Collies generally come in shades of sable, merles, and tri-coloured.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ Heelwork to music is a dog sport similar to musical canine freestyle.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ The sport is officially recognised by the Kennel Club.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ The sport has evolved since the early 1990s when obedience handler Mary Ray first demonstrated the sport at Crufts.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ Rugby Dog Club held the first show in 1996 and this show has continued to be the highlight of the sporting year.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ 2005 saw the first invitational competition at Crufts, and was won by Tina Humphrey and her blue merle Border Collie, Bluecroft My Blue Heaven (a rescue dog from a council dog pound).", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ 2006 saw the first proper Crufts competition.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ Rugby Dog Training Club now host the official Crufts SemiFinal Competition where advanced handlers who have competed at qualifying events throughout the year compete for the first ten places and the chance to work at Crufts.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ A herding dog, also known as a stock dog or working dog, is a type of pastoral dog that either has been trained in herding or belongs to breeds developed for herding.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Their ability to be trained to act on the sound of a whistle or word of command is renowned throughout the world.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Collies are recommended as herding dogs.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ All herding behavior is modified predatory behavior.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Through selective breeding, humans have been able to minimize the dog's natural inclination to treat cattle and sheep as prey while simultaneously maintaining the dog's hunting skills, thereby creating an effective herding dog.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ Dog intelligence or dog cognition is the process in dogs of acquiring, storing in memory, retrieving, combining, comparing, and using in new situations information and conceptual skills.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ Studies have shown that dogs display many behaviors associated with intelligence.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ They have advanced memory skills.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ For example, a border collie, \"Chaser\", learned the names of over 1,000 objects and retrieved them by verbal command.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ Dogs can use such memory skill to make inferences, and a border collie named Rico learned the labels of over 200 items and then inferred the names of novel items by exclusion.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ That is, he identified and retrieved those novel items immediately and also 4 weeks after the initial exposure." ] ]

[ 1, 44, 68 ]

[ "Have you ever heard of the Collie dog? Its a herding god.", "One of my favorites is the Border Collie, which is used to herd livestock", "I prefer collies cause they can be trained and to act on the sound of a whistle." ]

[ "Collie", "Collie", "Collie" ]

[ "Heavy metal music\nI love heavy metal music. My favorite bands are Guns N Roses and Metallica.", "Awesome, it helps me relax and relieve my stress. I like to go to metal concerts as well. I usually end up in the mosh pit.", "It's a great form of exercise as well. I usually am pretty sore the next day though.", "Yeah, that would be awesome. At least Ozzy Osbourne is still doing his thing.", "Yeah metal wouldn't be the same without Ozzy. He is a legend!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ In 1968, three of the genre's most famous acts, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\".", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as Mötley Crüe and Poison.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band was formed in 1981 by drummer Lars Ulrich and vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding \"big four\" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who formed Megadeth) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath were an English rock band, formed in Birmingham in 1968, by guitarist and main songwriter Tony Iommi, bassist and main lyricist Geezer Butler, singer Ozzy Osbourne, and drummer Bill Ward.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band helped define the genre with releases such as \"Black Sabbath\" (1970), \"Paranoid\" (1970) and \"Master of Reality\" (1971).", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band had multiple line-up changes, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Formed in 1968 as the Polka Tulk Blues Band, a blues rock band, the group went through line up changes, renamed themselves as Earth, broke up and reformed.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ It is typified by a heavy use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums, and often accompanied with keyboards.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with notable bands such as AC/DC, the Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, KISS and Van Halen.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ During the 1980s, some hard rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others began to return to a hard rock sound.", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ Metallica (commonly known as The Black Album) is the self-titled fifth studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica.", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ Released on August 12, 1991 by Elektra Records, it received widespread critical acclaim and became the band's best-selling album.", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ \"Metallica\" produced five singles that are considered to be among the band's best-known songs, which include \"Enter Sandman\", \"The Unforgiven\", \"Nothing Else Matters\", \"Wherever I May Roam\", and \"Sad but True\".", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ A sixth song, \"Don't Tread on Me\", was also issued to rock radio shortly after the album's release, but the song did not receive a commercial single release.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ A number of heavy metal genres have developed since the emergence of heavy metal (often shortened to \"metal\") during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ At times heavy metal genres may overlap or are difficult to distinguish, but they can be identified by a number of traits.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ They may differ in terms of: instrumentation, tempo, song structure, vocal style, lyrics, guitar playing style, drumming style, and so on.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal is a style of heavy metal and alternative rock which emerged in the mid-1980s, and gained popularity in the early 1990s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal usually combines heavy metal with influences from genres like alternative rock, and in some cases other genres not normally associated with metal as well." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ In 1968, three of the genre's most famous acts, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\".", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as Mötley Crüe and Poison.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena.", "Moshing __knowledge__ Moshing or slamdancing is a style of dance in which participants push or slam into each other, typically performed to \"aggressive\" live music.", "Moshing __knowledge__ It originated in the hardcore punk scenes of California and Washington, D.C. around 1980, thereafter spreading from hardcore to other forms of punk rock as well as thrash metal and grunge, which exposed it to the mainstream later in the 1980s.", "Moshing __knowledge__ Since then, moshing has occasionally been performed to energetic music within a wide variety of genres, including alternative rock, EDM and hip hop, while remaining a staple at punk and heavy metal shows.", "Moshing __knowledge__ Variations of moshing exist, and can be done alone as well as in groups.", "Limp Bizkit __knowledge__ Limp Bizkit is an American rap rock band from Jacksonville, Florida, formed in 1995.", "Limp Bizkit __knowledge__ Their lineup consists of Fred Durst (lead vocals), Sam Rivers (bass, backing vocals), John Otto (drums, percussion), and Wes Borland (guitars, backing vocals).", "Limp Bizkit __knowledge__ Their music is marked by Durst's angry vocal delivery and Borland's sonic experimentation.", "Limp Bizkit __knowledge__ Borland's elaborate visual appearance, which includes face and body paint, masks and uniforms, also plays a large role in the band's elaborate live shows.", "Limp Bizkit __knowledge__ The band has been nominated for three Grammy Awards, have sold 40 million records worldwide and won several other awards.", "Concert etiquette __knowledge__ Concert etiquette refers to a set of social norms observed by those attending musical performances.", "Concert etiquette __knowledge__ These norms vary depending upon the type of music performance and can be stringent or informal.", "Concert etiquette __knowledge__ At classical music concerts, the cardinal principle is to let others listen to the music undisturbed.", "Concert etiquette __knowledge__ Instruments and voices are typically unamplified, and the music is rich in detail and includes passages played very softly.", "Concert etiquette __knowledge__ Many audience members want to hear everything, and the normal standard of courtesy is simply to be entirely silent while the music is playing.", "Concert etiquette __knowledge__ Thus, during this time experienced concertgoers avoid conversation, try to suppress coughs and sneezes until a loud passage arrives, and muffle these with handkerchiefs.", "Hemlock (band) __knowledge__ Hemlock is a heavy metal band from Las Vegas, Nevada.", "Hemlock (band) __knowledge__ The band has been together for more than 17 years (placing their origin circa 1993), and has played concerts with likes of Lamb of God, Hatebreed, Soulfly, Otep, Slipknot, Snot, Coal Chamber, Obituary, Drowning Pool, Hed PE, Chimaira, Meshuggah, Korn & Ministry.", "Hemlock (band) __knowledge__ Hemlock frequently plays shows with thrash metal band Slayer and has received touring sponsorship with Jägermeister on the Jägermeister Music Tour through this alliance.", "Hemlock (band) __knowledge__ Their focus has always been on their fans and their live shows, typically touring for 8 to 9 months out of the year.", "Crowd surfing __knowledge__ Crowd surfing, also known as body surfing, is the process in which a person is passed overhead from person to person (often during a concert), transferring the person from one part of the venue to another.", "Crowd surfing __knowledge__ The \"crowd surfer\" is passed above everyone's heads, with everyone's hands supporting the person's weight.", "Crowd surfing __knowledge__ At most concerts and festivals the crowd surfer will be passed towards a barrier in front of the stage by the crowd, where they will be pulled off and put on their feet by the security stewards.", "Crowd surfing __knowledge__ Then, they will be sent back to the side or rear of the crowd at the end of the barrier or they may be ejected from the venue (depending on the policy enforced).", "2006 Winter Olympics opening ceremony __knowledge__ The Opening Ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics (\"Torino 2006\") was held on February 10, 2006 beginning at 20:00 CET (19:00 UTC) at the Stadio Olimpico in Turin, Italy.", "2006 Winter Olympics opening ceremony __knowledge__ The ceremony was attended by 35,000 spectators with the presence of numerous international and Italian guests on the stage and heads of state and government on the stands.", "2006 Winter Olympics opening ceremony __knowledge__ The event was broadcast live to an estimated two-billion audience worldwide by 32 television cameras.", "2006 Winter Olympics opening ceremony __knowledge__ The ceremony saluted the region's culture and history, was highlighted by Italian celebrities and showcased Italian designs.", "2006 Winter Olympics opening ceremony __knowledge__ There were the customary parade of athletes and raising of the host nation's flag and the Olympic flag.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock is rock music from the United States.", "American rock __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and country music, and also drew on folk music, jazz, blues, and classical music.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock music was further influenced by the British Invasion of the American pop charts from 1964 and resulted in the development of garage rock.", "American rock __knowledge__ From the late 1960s and early 1970s, American rock music was highly influential in the development of a number of fusions, including blending with folk music to create folk rock, with blues to create blues rock, with country music to create country rock, roots rock and southern rock and with jazz to create jazz rock, all of which contributed to psychedelic rock.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ In its earliest and narrowest sense, the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The genre emerged from bands such as the Beatles, the Searchers, and the Animals in the UK, and Bob Dylan and the Byrds in the US, who played traditional folk music and songs with rock instrumentation.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The term \"folk rock\" is first noted as being used by the U.S. music press in June 1965 to describe the Byrds' music; the band's debut album was released the same month.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The commercial success of the Byrds' 1965 cover version of Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\", along with Dylan's own recordings with rock instrumentation—on the albums \"Bringing It All Back Home\" (1965), \"Highway 61 Revisited\" (1965), and \"Blonde on Blonde\" (1966)—encouraged the creation of folk rock groups in the mid-1960s.", "Rock music in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British rock describes a wide variety of forms of music made in the United Kingdom.", "Rock music in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Since around 1964, with the \"British Invasion\" of the United States spearheaded by the Beatles, British rock music has had a considerable impact on the development of American music and rock music across the world.", "Rock music in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Initial attempts to emulate American rock and roll took place in Britain in the mid-1950s, but the terms \"rock music\" and \"rock\" usually refer to the music derived from the blues-rock and other genres that emerged during the 1960s.", "Rock music in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The term is often used in combination with other terms to describe a variety of hybrids or subgenres, and is often contrasted with pop music, with which it shares many structures and instrumentation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ In 1968, three of the genre's most famous acts, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\".", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as Mötley Crüe and Poison.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena.", "Wehrl entropy __knowledge__ In quantum information theory, the Wehrl entropy, named after Alfred Wehrl, is a classical entropy of a quantum-mechanical density matrix.", "Wehrl entropy __knowledge__ It is a type of quasi-entropy defined for the Husimi Q representation of the phase-space quasiprobability distribution.", "Wehrl entropy __knowledge__ See for a comprehensive review of basic properties of classical, quantum and Wehrl entropies, and their implications in statistical mechanics.", "Wehrl entropy __knowledge__ The Husimi function is a \"classical phase-space\" function of position and momentum , and in one dimension is defined for any quantum-mechanical density matrix by where is a \"(Glauber) coherent state\", given by The Wehrl entropy is then defined as The definition can be easily generalized to any finite dimension.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Ferris Bueller's Day Off is a 1986 American teen comedy film written, co-produced, and directed by John Hughes, and co-produced by Tom Jacobson.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ The film stars Matthew Broderick as Ferris Bueller, a high-school slacker who spends a day off from school, with Mia Sara and Alan Ruck.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Ferris regularly \"breaks the fourth wall\" to explain techniques and inner thoughts.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Hughes wrote the screenplay in less than a week.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Filming began in September 1985 and finished in November 1985.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Featuring many landmarks, including the Sears Tower and the Art Institute of Chicago, the film was Hughes' love letter to Chicago: \"I really wanted to capture as much of Chicago as I could.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "1st Armored Division (United States) __knowledge__ The 1st Armored Division—nicknamed \"Old Ironsides\"—is a combined arms division of the United States Army.", "1st Armored Division (United States) __knowledge__ The division is part of III Corps, with its base of operations in Fort Bliss in El Paso, Texas.", "1st Armored Division (United States) __knowledge__ It was the first armored division of the U.S. Army to see battle in World War II.", "1st Armored Division (United States) __knowledge__ Major General Robert P. White assumed command of the 1st Armored Division on 15 June 2016.", "1st Armored Division (United States) __knowledge__ The division command group consists of: Since relocating to Fort Bliss, Texas, the division has been reorganized under the new modular design, in which the deployable unit of maneuver is a brigade, rather than a division.", "1st Armored Division (United States) __knowledge__ The division consists of three brigade combat teams (BCTs), a combat aviation brigade (CAB), a division artillery brigade, and a sustainment brigade.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from Happy Tree Friends.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ There are 27 main characters, and some other supporting characters.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the series in 2010, the creators of the show announced that there would be one more character added to Happy Tree Friends in the near future.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ The candidates were a sheep/lamb named Lammy and a pig named Truffles.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ The voting took place during the month of March 2010, and the winner was Lammy, who have featured in most of the latest episodes.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ Even though Truffles lost the vote, he still cameos in some episodes.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ Cuddles is a laser yellow male rabbit with pink cheeks, or a blush along with pink bunny slippers.", "Lieb conjecture __knowledge__ In quantum information theory, the Lieb conjecture is a theorem concerning the Wehrl entropy of quantum systems for which the classical phase space is a sphere.", "Lieb conjecture __knowledge__ It states that no state of such a system has a lower Wehrl entropy than the SU(2) coherent states.", "Lieb conjecture __knowledge__ The analogous property for quantum systems for which the classical phase space is a \"plane\" was conjectured by A. Wehrl in 1978 and proven soon afterwards by Elliott H. Lieb, who at the same time extended it to the SU(2) case.", "Lieb conjecture __knowledge__ The conjecture was only proven in 2012, by Lieb and Jan Philip Solovej.", "Moshing __knowledge__ Moshing or slamdancing is a style of dance in which participants push or slam into each other, typically performed to \"aggressive\" live music.", "Moshing __knowledge__ It originated in the hardcore punk scenes of California and Washington, D.C. around 1980, thereafter spreading from hardcore to other forms of punk rock as well as thrash metal and grunge, which exposed it to the mainstream later in the 1980s.", "Moshing __knowledge__ Since then, moshing has occasionally been performed to energetic music within a wide variety of genres, including alternative rock, EDM and hip hop, while remaining a staple at punk and heavy metal shows.", "Moshing __knowledge__ Variations of moshing exist, and can be done alone as well as in groups.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ Hardcore punk (often abbreviated to hardcore) is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ Its roots can be traced to earlier punk scenes in San Francisco and Southern California which arose as a reaction against the still predominant hippie cultural climate of the time.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ It was also inspired by New York punk rock and early proto-punk.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ New York punk had a harder-edged sound than its San Francisco counterpart, featuring anti-art expressions of masculine anger, energy and subversive humor.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Punk subculture includes a diverse array of ideologies, fashion, and other forms of expression, visual art, dance, literature and film.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ It is largely characterised by anti-establishment views and the promotion of individual freedom, and is centred on a loud, aggressive genre of rock music called punk rock.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ It's adherents are referred to as \"punks\".", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Punk politics cover the entire political spectrum.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Common punk ethos includes anti-authoritarianism, a do-it-yourself ethic, non-conformity, direct action and not \"selling out\".", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ There is a wide range of punk fashion, including deliberately offensive T-shirts, leather jackets, Dr. Martens boots, etc., hairstyles such as brightly coloured hair and spiked mohawks, etc., cosmetics, tattoos, jewellery and body modification.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge (sometimes referred to as the Seattle sound) is a subgenre of alternative rock and a subculture that emerged during the in the Pacific Northwest U.S. state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns.", "Grunge __knowledge__ The early grunge movement revolved around Seattle's independent record label Sub Pop and that region's underground music scene.", "Grunge __knowledge__ By the early 1990s its popularity had spread, with grunge bands appearing in California, then emerging in other parts of the United States and in Australia, building strong followings and signing major record deals.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge was commercially successful in the early–mid 1990s, due to releases such as Nirvana's \"Nevermind\", Pearl Jam's \"Ten\", Soundgarden's \"Superunknown\", Alice in Chains' \"Dirt\" and Stone Temple Pilots' \"Core\".", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Nu metal (also known as nü-metal and ) is a form of that combines elements of with elements of other music genres such as hip hop, alternative rock, funk and grunge.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ bands have drawn elements and influences from a variety of musical styles, including multiple genres of heavy metal.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ rarely features guitar solos; the genre is heavily syncopated and based on guitar riffs.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Many nu metal guitarists use that are down-tuned to play a heavier sound.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ DJs are occasionally featured in nu metal to provide instrumentation such as sampling, turntable scratching and electronic backgrounds.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Vocal styles in include singing, rapping, screaming and growling.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ In 1968, three of the genre's most famous acts, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\".", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as Mötley Crüe and Poison.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena.", "Sharon Osbourne __knowledge__ Sharon Rachel Osbourne ( Levy; born 9 October 1952) is an English television host, media personality, television talent competition judge, author, music manager, modern impresario, businesswoman, and promoter, and the wife of heavy metal singer-songwriter Ozzy Osbourne.", "Sharon Osbourne __knowledge__ She first came into public prominence after appearing in \"The Osbournes\", a reality television show that followed her family's daily life.", "Sharon Osbourne __knowledge__ Osbourne later became a talent show judge on shows such as the British and original version of \"The X Factor\", from 2004 to 2007, 2013, and 2016 onwards.", "Sharon Osbourne __knowledge__ She also was a judge on \"America's Got Talent\" from 2007 until 2012.", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ John Michael \"Ozzy\" Osbourne (born 3 December 1948) is an English singer, songwriter and actor.", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ He rose to prominence during the 1970s as the lead vocalist of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath.", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ He was fired from Black Sabbath in 1979 and went on to have a successful solo career, releasing 11 studio albums, the first seven of which were all awarded multi-platinum certifications in the US.", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ Osbourne has since reunited with Black Sabbath on several occasions, recording the album \"13\" in 2013.", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ His longevity and success have earned him the informal title of \"Godfather of Heavy Metal\".", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ Osbourne's total album sales from his years in Black Sabbath, combined with his solo work, is over 100 million.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath were an English rock band, formed in Birmingham in 1968, by guitarist and main songwriter Tony Iommi, bassist and main lyricist Geezer Butler, singer Ozzy Osbourne, and drummer Bill Ward.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band helped define the genre with releases such as \"Black Sabbath\" (1970), \"Paranoid\" (1970) and \"Master of Reality\" (1971).", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band had multiple line-up changes, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Formed in 1968 as the Polka Tulk Blues Band, a blues rock band, the group went through line up changes, renamed themselves as Earth, broke up and reformed.", "Blizzard of Ozz __knowledge__ Blizzard of Ozz is the debut solo album by British heavy metal vocalist Ozzy Osbourne, released on 20 September 1980 in the UK and on 27 March 1981 in the US.", "Blizzard of Ozz __knowledge__ The album was Osbourne's first release following his firing from Black Sabbath in 1979.", "Blizzard of Ozz __knowledge__ \"Blizzard of Ozz\" is the first of two studio albums Osbourne recorded with guitarist Randy Rhoads prior to Rhoads' death in 1982.", "Blizzard of Ozz __knowledge__ In 2017, it was ranked 9th on \"Rolling Stone\" list of \"100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time\".", "Blizzard of Ozz __knowledge__ Much of the album was written by guitarist Randy Rhoads, bassist Bob Daisley, and Ozzy Osbourne in a live-in rehearsal facility in Monmouth, Wales, with a friend of Osbourne's named Barry Screnage performing as the group's drummer.", "Ozzfest __knowledge__ Ozzfest is an annual festival tour of the United States and sometimes Europe (and for the first time Japan in 2013) featuring performances by many heavy metal and hard rock musical groups.", "Ozzfest __knowledge__ It was founded by Ozzy Osbourne and his wife Sharon Osbourne, both of whom also organise each yearly tour with their son Jack Osbourne.", "Ozzfest __knowledge__ The Ozzfest tour has featured bands of a variety of genres within heavy metal and hard rock, including alternative metal, thrash metal, industrial metal, metalcore, hardcore punk, deathcore, nu metal, death metal, post-hardcore, gothic metal and black metal.", "Ozzfest __knowledge__ Ozzy Osbourne and Black Sabbath have played the tour several times over the years.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ This page is an episode guide to all 52 episodes of the reality television series \"The Osbournes\".", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ The debut episode opens with a brief introduction of the family with a voice-over and scenes of each member.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ After the introductions, the episode deals with the family moving into their new Beverly Hills home.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ The family deal with problems that could arise from such a situation - finding valuable furniture broken due to lousy packing and trying to set up the TV with no instructions.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ Ozzy appears on \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" as a performer.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ Kelly and Sharon come with Ozzy to the show, but Jack stays at home, watching a documentary about marijuana instead.", "Tony Martin (British singer) __knowledge__ Anthony Philip Harford (born 19 April 1957), better known by his stage name Tony Martin, is a heavy metal vocalist, best known for his time fronting Black Sabbath, initially from 1987 to 1991 and again from 1993 to 1997.", "Tony Martin (British singer) __knowledge__ Martin was the band's second longest serving vocalist after Ozzy Osbourne.", "Tony Martin (British singer) __knowledge__ He has since been involved in many other projects (such as M3, Misha Calvin, The Cage, Giuntini Project, and Phenomena).", "Tony Martin (British singer) __knowledge__ Despite performing almost exclusively as a vocalist, Martin is a multi-instrumentalist, stating in an interview that he plays guitar, bass, drums, violin, keyboards, harmonica, bagpipes, and pan pipes.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ It is typified by a heavy use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums, and often accompanied with keyboards.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with notable bands such as AC/DC, the Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, KISS and Van Halen.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ During the 1980s, some hard rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others began to return to a hard rock sound.", "Deep Purple __knowledge__ Deep Purple are an English rock band formed in Hertford in 1968.", "Deep Purple __knowledge__ The band is considered to be among the pioneers of heavy metal and modern hard rock, although their musical approach changed over the years.", "Deep Purple __knowledge__ Originally formed as a progressive rock band, the band shifted to a heavier sound in 1970.", "Deep Purple __knowledge__ Deep Purple, together with Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath, have been referred to as the \"unholy trinity of British hard rock and heavy metal in the early to mid-seventies\".", "Deep Purple __knowledge__ They were listed in the 1975 \"Guinness Book of World Records\" as \"the globe's loudest band\" for a 1972 concert at London's Rainbow Theatre, and have sold over 100 million albums worldwide.", "Led Zeppelin __knowledge__ Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968.", "Led Zeppelin __knowledge__ The group consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham.", "Led Zeppelin __knowledge__ The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal.", "Led Zeppelin __knowledge__ Their style drew from a wide variety of influences, including blues, psychedelia, and folk music.", "Led Zeppelin __knowledge__ After changing their name from the New Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin signed a deal with Atlantic Records that afforded them considerable artistic freedom.", "Led Zeppelin __knowledge__ Although the group was initially unpopular with critics, they achieved significant commercial success with albums such as \"Led Zeppelin\" (1969), \"Led Zeppelin II\" (1969), \"Led Zeppelin III\" (1970), \"Led Zeppelin IV\" (1971), \"Houses of the Holy\" (1973), \"Physical Graffiti\" (1975), \"Presence\" (1976) and \"In Through the Out Door\" (1979).", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ Birmingham's culture of popular music first developed in the mid-1950s.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ By the early 1960s the city's music scene had emerged as one of the largest and most vibrant in the country; a \"seething cauldron of musical activity\", with over 500 bands constantly exchanging members and performing regularly across a well-developed network of venues and promoters.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ By 1963 the city's music was also already becoming recognised for what would become its defining characteristic: the refusal of its musicians to conform to any single style or genre.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ Birmingham's tradition of combining a highly collaborative culture with an open acceptance of individualism and experimentation dates back as far back as the 18th century, and musically this has expressed itself in the wide variety of music produced within the city, often by closely related groups of musicians, from the \"rampant eclecticism\" of the Brum beat era, to the city's \"infamously fragmented\" post-punk scene, to the \"astonishing range\" of distinctive and radical electronic music produced in the city from the 1980s to the early 21st century.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ In 1968, three of the genre's most famous acts, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\".", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as Mötley Crüe and Poison.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath were an English rock band, formed in Birmingham in 1968, by guitarist and main songwriter Tony Iommi, bassist and main lyricist Geezer Butler, singer Ozzy Osbourne, and drummer Bill Ward.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band helped define the genre with releases such as \"Black Sabbath\" (1970), \"Paranoid\" (1970) and \"Master of Reality\" (1971).", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band had multiple line-up changes, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Formed in 1968 as the Polka Tulk Blues Band, a blues rock band, the group went through line up changes, renamed themselves as Earth, broke up and reformed.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ This page is an episode guide to all 52 episodes of the reality television series \"The Osbournes\".", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ The debut episode opens with a brief introduction of the family with a voice-over and scenes of each member.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ After the introductions, the episode deals with the family moving into their new Beverly Hills home.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ The family deal with problems that could arise from such a situation - finding valuable furniture broken due to lousy packing and trying to set up the TV with no instructions.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ Ozzy appears on \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" as a performer.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ Kelly and Sharon come with Ozzy to the show, but Jack stays at home, watching a documentary about marijuana instead.", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ John Michael \"Ozzy\" Osbourne (born 3 December 1948) is an English singer, songwriter and actor.", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ He rose to prominence during the 1970s as the lead vocalist of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath.", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ He was fired from Black Sabbath in 1979 and went on to have a successful solo career, releasing 11 studio albums, the first seven of which were all awarded multi-platinum certifications in the US.", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ Osbourne has since reunited with Black Sabbath on several occasions, recording the album \"13\" in 2013.", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ His longevity and success have earned him the informal title of \"Godfather of Heavy Metal\".", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ Osbourne's total album sales from his years in Black Sabbath, combined with his solo work, is over 100 million.", "Brütal Legend __knowledge__ Brütal Legend is an action-adventure video game with real-time strategy game elements created by Double Fine Productions and published by Electronic Arts for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.", "Brütal Legend __knowledge__ The game was released during October 2009 in North America, Europe, and Australia.", "Brütal Legend __knowledge__ Though \"Brütal Legend\" was originally to be published by Vivendi Games prior to its merger with Activision, Activision dropped the game from its portfolio after the merger.", "Brütal Legend __knowledge__ It was later picked up by Electronic Arts, though Activision and Double Fine brought counter-lawsuits against each other over publishing issues.", "Brütal Legend __knowledge__ The issues were settled out of court.", "Sharon Osbourne __knowledge__ Sharon Rachel Osbourne ( Levy; born 9 October 1952) is an English television host, media personality, television talent competition judge, author, music manager, modern impresario, businesswoman, and promoter, and the wife of heavy metal singer-songwriter Ozzy Osbourne.", "Sharon Osbourne __knowledge__ She first came into public prominence after appearing in \"The Osbournes\", a reality television show that followed her family's daily life.", "Sharon Osbourne __knowledge__ Osbourne later became a talent show judge on shows such as the British and original version of \"The X Factor\", from 2004 to 2007, 2013, and 2016 onwards.", "Sharon Osbourne __knowledge__ She also was a judge on \"America's Got Talent\" from 2007 until 2012.", "Ozzfest __knowledge__ Ozzfest is an annual festival tour of the United States and sometimes Europe (and for the first time Japan in 2013) featuring performances by many heavy metal and hard rock musical groups.", "Ozzfest __knowledge__ It was founded by Ozzy Osbourne and his wife Sharon Osbourne, both of whom also organise each yearly tour with their son Jack Osbourne.", "Ozzfest __knowledge__ The Ozzfest tour has featured bands of a variety of genres within heavy metal and hard rock, including alternative metal, thrash metal, industrial metal, metalcore, hardcore punk, deathcore, nu metal, death metal, post-hardcore, gothic metal and black metal.", "Ozzfest __knowledge__ Ozzy Osbourne and Black Sabbath have played the tour several times over the years.", "Motörhead __knowledge__ Motörhead () were an English rock band formed in June 1975 by bassist, singer, and songwriter Ian \"Lemmy\" Kilmister, who was the sole constant member, guitarist Larry Wallis and drummer Lucas Fox.", "Motörhead __knowledge__ The band are often considered a precursor to the new wave of British heavy metal, which re-energised heavy metal in the late 1970s and early 1980s.", "Motörhead __knowledge__ Though several guitarists and drummers have played in Motörhead, most of their best-selling albums and singles feature the work of \"Fast\" Eddie Clarke on guitar and Phil \"Philthy Animal\" Taylor on drums.", "Motörhead __knowledge__ Motörhead released 22 studio albums, 10 live recordings, 12 compilation albums, and five EPs over a career spanning 40 years.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Nu metal (also known as nü-metal and ) is a form of that combines elements of with elements of other music genres such as hip hop, alternative rock, funk and grunge.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ bands have drawn elements and influences from a variety of musical styles, including multiple genres of heavy metal.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ rarely features guitar solos; the genre is heavily syncopated and based on guitar riffs.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Many nu metal guitarists use that are down-tuned to play a heavier sound.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ DJs are occasionally featured in nu metal to provide instrumentation such as sampling, turntable scratching and electronic backgrounds.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Vocal styles in include singing, rapping, screaming and growling.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge (sometimes referred to as the Seattle sound) is a subgenre of alternative rock and a subculture that emerged during the in the Pacific Northwest U.S. state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns.", "Grunge __knowledge__ The early grunge movement revolved around Seattle's independent record label Sub Pop and that region's underground music scene.", "Grunge __knowledge__ By the early 1990s its popularity had spread, with grunge bands appearing in California, then emerging in other parts of the United States and in Australia, building strong followings and signing major record deals.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge was commercially successful in the early–mid 1990s, due to releases such as Nirvana's \"Nevermind\", Pearl Jam's \"Ten\", Soundgarden's \"Superunknown\", Alice in Chains' \"Dirt\" and Stone Temple Pilots' \"Core\".", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ A number of heavy metal genres have developed since the emergence of heavy metal (often shortened to \"metal\") during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ At times heavy metal genres may overlap or are difficult to distinguish, but they can be identified by a number of traits.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ They may differ in terms of: instrumentation, tempo, song structure, vocal style, lyrics, guitar playing style, drumming style, and so on.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal is a style of heavy metal and alternative rock which emerged in the mid-1980s, and gained popularity in the early 1990s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal usually combines heavy metal with influences from genres like alternative rock, and in some cases other genres not normally associated with metal as well." ] ]

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[ "That's cool! I like heavy metal too, especially since it is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom.", "Ah yes, moshing is a staple at punk and heavy metal shows.", "Sounds fun! I kinda wish I was around in the late 60s when three of the genre's most famous acts, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded.", "Lol oh yes. In fact, his longevity and success have earned him the informal title of \"Godfather of Heavy Metal\".", "Totally! What's crazy is that he was fired from Black Sabbath in 1979, but went on to have a successful solo career, releasing 11 studio albums, the first seven of which were all awarded multi-platinum certifications in the US." ]

[ "Heavy metal music", "Heavy metal music", "Heavy metal music", "Heavy metal music", "Heavy metal music" ]