url
stringlengths 37
43
| title
stringlengths 1
175
| text
stringlengths 3
261k
|
|---|---|---|
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745115 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1989 | The 1989 CONCACAF Champions' Cup is the 27th season of the tournament.
## Regional
### Central / North
Initial Round
Round 1
1 group
group 2
group 3
group 4
round 2
group A
group B \ <>
Round 1
Round 1
### Caribbean
Round 1
Round 2
\< > Round 3
Group 1
Group 2
Round 4
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745112 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1991 | The 1991 CONCACAF Champions' Cup is the 29th season of the tournament.
## Regional
### South America
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
### Central America
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
\ <>
### Caribbean Region
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
## 1/2 final
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745028 | Antoine Arnaud | Antoine Arnault (French: Antoine Arnault; June 4, 1977, Roubaix, France) is a French businessman. CEO of Berluti and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Loro Piana.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745116 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1988 | The 1988 CONCACAF Champions' Cup is the 26th season of the tournament.
## Central / Northern Region
## Caribbean Region
## Semi Final
## The final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745128 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1985 | The 1985 CONCACAF Champions' Cup is the 24th season of the tournament.
## Regional Stage
### Central / Northern Region
Round 1
Round
Round 1
Round 4
### Caribbean
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3 \< >
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745118 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1987 | CONCACAF Champions' Cup 1987 (eng. 1987 CONCACAF Champions' Cup) is the 25th season of the tournament.
## North / Central
### Semi Final (North/Central)
### Final (South/Central )
## Caribbean
### Final
## Final
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745133 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1982 | The 1982 CONCACAF Champions' Cup is the 20th season of the tournament.
## North / Central Region
### Round 1
### Round 2
\ <> ### Round 3
## Caribbean
### Round 1
### Round 2 \< >
### 3 rounds
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745078 | Anthony Blinken | Antony John Blinken (English. Antony Blinken; April 16, 1992, Yonkers, New York, USA) is a US statesman, the 71st Secretary of State from 2021. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745129 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1984 | CONCACAF Champions' Cup 1984 (eng. 1984 CONCACAF Champions' Cup) is the 22nd season of the tournament.
## Northern / Central region
### Semi-final
## Final
"New- "York Pancyprian Freedoms" and "Guadalajara" were excluded from the competition due to the inability to agree on the game time, and the final game was not played.
## Caribbean Region
### Semi Final
### Final
# # Final
"Violet" club became the champion as "Guadalajara" was eliminated from the competition. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745152 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1981 | The 1981 CONCACAF Champions' Cup is the 19th season of the tournament.
## Qualification
### North and Central Region
Round 1
Round 2
### Caribbean Region
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745120 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1986 | The 1986 CONCACAF Champions' Cup is the 24th season of the tournament.
## Regional Stage
### Northern / Central Region
Northern Group
Round 1
\< > 2nd round
1 central group
2nd round
2nd round
2nd central group
1st round
\< > Round 2
Playoffs
### Caribbean Zone
Northern Group
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
South Group
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
# # Semi-final
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745072 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 2000 | CONCACAF Champions' Cup 2000 (eng. 2000 CONCACAF Champions' Cup) is the 36th season of the tournament.
## Quarterfinals
## Semifinals
## Finals
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745131 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1983 | CONCACAF Champions' Cup 1983 (eng. 1983 CONCACAF Champions' Cup) is the 21st season of the tournament.
## Regional Stage
### Central / North
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
### Caribbean
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
# # The final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745157 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1979 | The 1979 CONCACAF Champions' Cup is the 17th season of the tournament.
## Qualification
### Northern Region
### Central America
To prevent opponents from participating in the tournament "FAS" club reached the semi-finals.
### Caribbean Region
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
\ <>
## 1/2 final
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745069 | Askat Kaizollauly Daulbaev | Askat Kaizollauly Daulbayev (November 22, 1962, Aktobe, Kazakh SSR) is a Kazakh public figure. Prosecutor General of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2011-2016). 1st rank state advisor of justice.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745100 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1993 | The 1994 CONCACAF Champions Cup was the 31st event of the tournament. Club "Saprissa" of Costa Rica became the winner.
## Regional
### Northern / Central Region
### Caribbean Region
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745145 | Ono legitimacy | Ono's law is a genetic law that states that different groups of mammals share a common structure of DNA and genes from a common ancestor on the X chromosome. Legitimacy was proposed by the Japanese biologist Susumu Ono in 1967.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745113 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1990 | CONCACAF Champions' Cup 1990 (eng. 1990 CONCACAF Champions' Cup) is the 28th season of the tournament.
## Semifinals
### Matches
## Final
### First Game
### Second Game
## Champion
## Resources
# # Links
* RSSSF (eng.) |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745163 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1978 | CONCACAF Champions' Cup 19 (eng. CONCACAF Champions' Cup) is the 16th season of the tournament.
## Qualification
### North
Round 1
### Central
\ <> Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
### Caribbean
Round 1
Round 2
3 rounds
## Final round
The final round was not held. That's why the clubs "Universidad de Guadalajara", "Communications", "Defense Force" that were ahead of their regions became the winners. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745155 | Glycoproteinder | Glycoproteins are two-component proteins in which the protein (peptide) part of the molecule is covalently attached to one or more groups of heterooligosaccharides. In addition to glycoproteins, there are also proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans.
Glycoproteins are important structural components of cell membranes of animal and plant organisms. Glycoproteins include most of the protein hormones. Glycoproteins of erythrocyte membranes, which are specifically glycosylated with certain carbohydrate residues, but have a homologous protein part, determine the blood group in a person. Also, glycoproteins include all antibodies, interferons, complement components, blood plasma proteins, milk, receptor proteins, etc. belongs to. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745166 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1977 | The 1977 CONCACAF Champions' Cup is the 15th season of the tournament.
## Qualification
### Central America
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
### Caribbean Region
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
\ <>
## Semi-final
"Saprissa" refused to continue the competition, and "America" club automatically entered the final.
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745168 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1976 | The 1976 CONCACAF Champions' Cup is the 14th season of the tournament.
## Qualification
### North
Club "Leon" (Mexico) entered the semi-finals due to the withdrawal of its opponent.
### Central
Round 1
Group 1
Group 2
Round 2
\< > Diriangen - Olympia - +:-
Round 3
### Caribbean
Round 1
Round 2
\ <> 3rd round
## 1/2 final
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745170 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1974 | The 1974 CONCACAF Champions Cup was the 12th event of the tournament.
## Central Zone
### Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
4 round
### Caribbean
Round 1
Round 2
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745169 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1975 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1975 was the 13th season of the tournament.
## Northern
## Central
## Caribbean
### 2 round
## Semi-final
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745171 | Zhanat Kaldybekuly Elimanov | Zhanat Kaldybekuly Elimanov (August 16, 1978, Karaganda) is a Kazakh public figure, chairman of the Financial Monitoring Agency.
## Education
E.A. He graduated from Karaganda State University named after Boketov and Karaganda Economic University of the Kazakh Consumer Union.
## Career path
in 2000 - 2009 - served in various positions in the prosecutor's office;
in 2009 - 2012 - worked in management positions in the Ministry of Justice;
in 2012 - 2014 - worked in management positions in the Economic and Anti-Corruption Agency;
in 2014 - 2017 - Director of the Department of Urgent Research Service of the State Revenue Committee of the Ministry of Finance;
in 2017 - 2019 - worked in management positions in prosecutor's offices;
in 2019-2020 - Deputy Chairman of the Financial Monitoring Committee of the Ministry of Finance;
in 2020 - 2021 - Chairman of the Financial Monitoring Committee of the Ministry of Finance;
in 2021 - 2024 - Chairman of the Financial Monitoring Agency;
From February to September 2024 - First Deputy Chairman of the National Security Committee.
From September 16, 2024 - Chairman of the Financial Monitoring Agency.
## Awards and honors
Awarded the "For Courage" medal and the "Kurmet" order.
In 2022, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a higher qualification class of the 3rd category was awarded.
In 2024, he was recognized as a major general of national security by order of the Chairman of the National Security Service.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745165 | Classical Cepheids | Classical Cepheids (eng. classical Cepheids), type I Cepheids, type I Cepheids, Cepheus Delta type Cepheids — type of variable stars (Cepheids). Galaxies belong to the first type of population, showing signs of regular radial pulsations with periods of several days to several weeks, with luminous amplitudes from a tenth of a magnitude to 2 stars. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745065 | Pavel Olegovich Kazantsev | Pavel Olegovich Kazantsev (March 22, 1960, Tomsk, RKFSR, USSR) is a Kazakh statesman, member of the parliament, deputy chairman of the parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2021-2023). |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745161 | Charles's law | Charles's law, or Gay-Lussac's second law, is one of the basic gas laws that describes the relationship between the pressure and temperature of an ideal gas. The dependence of gas pressure on temperature at constant volume was determined experimentally by Charles in 1787 and clarified by Gay-Lussac in 1802.
## Concept of law
The pressure of a certain mass of gas when heated at 1 °C at constant volume increases by 1/273 of the pressure at 0 °C.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745178 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1972 | The 1972 CONCACAF Champions Cup was the tenth competition of the tournament.
## North Zone
## Semi Final
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745176 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1973 | The 1973 CONCACAF Champions Cup was the 11th event of the tournament.
## Qualification
### Central Zone
Round 1
Round 2
\< > ### Caribbean
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
## Final
Saprissa, After the Alajuelense clubs refused, Transvaal were automatically crowned champions. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745181 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1971 | ## North Zone
## Central Zone
### Round 1
### Round 2
\< >
### Caribbean Region
## Finals
### Playoffs
## Northern Region
## Central Zone
### Round 1
### Round 2
### Caribbean Zone
## Finals
### Playoffs |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745183 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1970 | ## Northern Region
## Central Region
## Caribbean Region
## Final
Saprissa ( Clubs Costa Rica), Transvaal (Suriname) refused to play in the final stage, but Cruz Azul (Mexico) became the champion.
## Northern Region
## Central Region
## Caribbean Region
## Final
Clubs Saprissa (Costa Rica), Transvaal (Suriname) refused to play in the finals, but Cruz Azul (Mexico) became the champion. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745174 | Archaeogenetics | Archaeogenetics (from archeo + genetics) is a branch of molecular genetics research in which population genetics methods are used to study human history. The author of the term "archaeogenetics" is the British archaeologist Colin Renfrew. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745187 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1969 | The 1969 CONCACAF Champions Cup was the seventh competition of the tournament.
## Round 1
## Quarter final
## Semi final
## The final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745175 | Type II Cepheids | Type II Cepheids (lat. Type II Cepheids) are variable stars that pulsate with periods from 1 to 50 days. . Representatives of type II population: old, usually metallic and low-mass objects.
Like all Cepheids, Type II Cepheids have a relationship between luminosity and pulsation period, which allows these objects to be used as standard luminosities for distance determination.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745158 | Purine | Purine is the simplest representative of imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidines. In normal conditions - colorless crystals, well soluble in water, hot ethanol and benzene, poorly soluble in diethyl ether, acetone and chloroform. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745192 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1964 | CONCACAF Champions' Cup 1964 (eng. 1964 CONCACAF Champions' Cup) is the third season of the tournament.
## Regional Selection
### Central
Round 1
Round 2
\< > ### Caribbean region
Round 1
Round 2
## Final
Guadalajara (Mexico) in the final according to some sources The club "Saprissa" (Costa Rica) won, but the information is not confirmed.
## Links
* RSSSF (eng.) |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745179 | A scalar quantity | scalar quantity (lat. scalaris "step") in physics is a quantity whose value can be represented by a single (usually real) number. That is, a scalar quantity is determined only by its value, not by its direction, compared to a vector. Scalar quantities include length, area, time, temperature, electric charge, work, statistical weight, etc. belongs to.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745177 | Electric constant | The electric constant (formerly also called the dielectric constant) is a physical constant, a scalar quantity included in the expression of some of the laws of electromagnetism, including Coulomb's law, when written in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). Determines the strength of the electric field in a vacuum, which is maximum in any material medium under conditions that weaken the tension.
Sometimes called the electrical (or dielectric) conductivity of vacuum, using outdated terminology. It is measured in farads divided by meters (in the SI system).
## Definition
According to the SI definition, the electric constant {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}} is equal to the speed of light {\displaystyle c} and the magnetic constant {\displaystyle \mu _{ 0}} relation:{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}={\frac {1}{\mu _{0}c^{2}}}.}
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745190 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1967 | The 1967 CONCACAF Champions Cup was the fifth competition of the tournament.
## Regional selection
### Central
1 round
1 round
\< > ### Caribbean Region
## Semi Final
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745194 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1963 | The 1963 CONCACAF Champions' Cup is the second season of the tournament. Haitian club "Racing Haitian" won the cup
## Regional stage
### North
1 round
2 round
### Central
### Caribbean
## Semi-final
## Final
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745189 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1968 | The 1968 CONCACAF Champions Cup was the sixth tournament of the tournament.
## Regional Selection
### Northern Region
Round 1
Round 2
\ <> ### Central Region
Round 1
Round 2
### Caribbean Region
## 1/ 2 finals
## Finals
Toluca became the automatic winner after Aurora (Guatemala), Transvaal (Suriname) were disqualified
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745184 | The microbiome | Microbiome (micro - "small", bios - "life") is a community of microorganisms inhabiting a certain habitat or a set of genes of microorganisms from such a community. The term, often used as a synonym for "microbiota" or "microflora", was first used in a 1952 article on sewage pollution. All ecosystems, from the tissues and organs of individual organisms to entire habitats, have their own microbial community (microbiome). The microbiome is involved in the most important ecosystem processes, contributing to host metabolism at a local scale and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients at a global scale. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745153 | CONCACAF Champions Cup 1980 | CONCACAF Champions' Cup 1980 (eng. CONCACAF Champions' Cup) is the 18th season of the tournament.
## Qualification
### North
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3 \ <>
### Central
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
### Caribbean
Round 1
Round 2
## Finals
### Matches
\< > ## Champion
## Sources
## Links
* RSSSF (eng.) |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745205 | Self-representative | An independent candidate (self-nominator) is a political figure who participates in elections regardless of any political party.
## Advantages
There are several reasons for a politician to run as an independent candidate:
* Independents can show a centrist attitude among other candidates-representatives of major political parties. Sometimes, on the contrary, they have more extreme views than any major party. Their ideologies may include ideas from both sides of the political spectrum, or they may have their own unique point of view based on issues that are not supported by serious political players.
* An independent politician may be associated with a political party, may be a former member of it, may hold the same beliefs, but do not associate yourself with the brand of that force. Others may belong to or support a political party, but feel that they should not be an official representative of the party and thus not subject to its policies.
* In some countries (eg Kuwait) Political parties are illegal and all candidates act as independents.
In some cases, independent politicians are grouped into special groups of "independents" that are not political parties. In other cases, such politicians are integrated into a political party, the word "independent" may often be used in its name.
## See also
* No party
* Independent voter
* Swing vote
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745160 | Potassium iodide | Potassium iodide is an inorganic compound, the potassium salt of iodic acid with the chemical formula KI. It is a colorless crystalline salt that turns yellow in the light. Widely used as a source of iodide ions. It is used as medicine in medicine, as fertilizer in agriculture, as well as in photography and analytical chemistry. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745203 | Independent candidate | An independent candidate (self-nominator) is a political figure who participates in elections regardless of any political party.
## Advantages
There are several reasons for a politician to run as an independent candidate:
* Independents can show a centrist attitude among other candidates-representatives of major political parties. Sometimes, on the contrary, they have more extreme views than any major party. Their ideologies may include ideas from both sides of the political spectrum, or they may have their own unique point of view based on issues that are not supported by serious political players.
* An independent politician may be associated with a political party, may be a former member of it, may hold the same beliefs, but do not associate yourself with the brand of that force. Others may belong to or support a political party, but feel that they should not be an official representative of the party and thus not subject to its policies.
* In some countries (eg Kuwait) Political parties are illegal and all candidates act as independents.
In some cases, independent politicians are grouped into special groups of "independents" that are not political parties. In other cases, such politicians are integrated into a political party, the word "independent" may often be used in its name.
## See also
* No party
* Independent voter
* Swing vote
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745217 | Beket Ata Underground Mosque (Oglani) | Beket ata underground mosque (Oglandy) is an urban planning and architectural monument included in the list of historical and cultural monuments of republican significance of Mangistau region. Among the national sacred objects of Kazakhstan.
## Location
Karakiya district, 85 km north-east from Senek village, in Olandy settlement.
## Period
XVIII century.
## Historical data, character
Grandfather Beket (Beket Myrzagululy) (1750-1813) came from a Mughal family within the Adai clan. From a young age, he was distinguished by his quick thinking and mastery of military art. A vision is given in a dream of a young warrior who came to the grave of Shepherd's grandfather as a worshiper. Grandfather Shepherd orders him to study first, and then to teach others. Bakyrzhan, a famous diwana in Khiva, returns to his native country after learning from Haji for many years. In his youth, he became known as a skilled commander and a brave warrior. Wanting to establish peace and harmony in his homeland, Beket takes the path of religion. He became a Diwana and built four rock mosques. The first mosque was built in Kulsary - the Ak Mosque, the second mosque was carved in a chalk rock not far from the village of Beineu, the third - in Baishatyr, on the Ustirt hill, and the fourth underground mosque was carved in a large rock in the Olandy gorge. Among all four mosques, the complex in Olandy is a religious and scientific center. Also here is the tomb of the saint himself. Diwana, doctor, architect, wise man, teacher Beket Ata is considered to be the protector of his homeland and protector of wise and righteous people.
Beket Ata underground mosque in Olandy has a special status among Kazakhstani religious and sacred objects. In terms of social influence, this mosque can be compared with holy places such as Khoja Ahmet Yassawi Mausoleum and Omar Ata Mosque in Jerusalem. The mosque, carved out of limestone rock formations in a remote location, is considered one of the holiest places for worshippers. The complex includes a tombstone, a white-walled mosque on the top of the mountain, that is, an underground mosque itself.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745195 | Karasai petroglyphs | ## Features of Karasai petroglyphs
Karasai petroglyphs are located in the south-east of Zarmysh village, Mangystau region and 5 kilometers from the village, at the entrance to the Karasai gorge of the East Karatau gorges (coordinates 44°07'51.9"N 52°31'19.6" E) located in rock parts.
Silhouettes of horse soldiers, pictures of taveshki and arkar are depicted on the rock. Ancient artists fought through it and depicted the ancient animals that inhabited the land.
Karasai petroglyphs have not been fully studied by archaeologists and scientists. It is not found in scientific works on petroglyphs published so far. Among them, it was published in the period of the USSR (for example, Medoev A. G. Gravyury na skalah. Sary-Arka, Mangyshlak ch. 1 Alma-Ata: "Zhalyn", 1979, p. 14-17) and also in the literature of the period of independence of Kazakhstan.
### Age of the Karasai petroglyphs
The age of the Karasai petroglyphs can be attributed to the Bronze Age based on the image of the taveshki. This is because the Bronze Age is characterized by depictions of hunting, that is, depictions of animals such as deer. In addition, you can also see images of horsemen. However, since the petroglyphs of Mangystau have not been fully studied, the stone paintings may belong to later periods, including the ethnographic period. And its construction in a primitive style makes it possible to attribute it to the Bronze Age. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745216 | French presidential election (2012) | Presidential elections in France were held on April 22, 2012 (first round) and May 6 (second round).
According to the results of the first round held on April 22, 2012, François Hollande won 28.63%, while his main competitor, Nicolas Sarkozy, won 27.18%. These two candidates qualified for the second round. And Marine Le Pen (17.90 %), Jean-Luc Mélenchon (11.10 %) and François Bayrou (9.13 %) did not get enough votes to go to the second round. Abstentions equaled 20.51%.
According to the results of the second round of the elections held on May 6, Francois Hollande was elected the 27th president of France, having received 51.67% of all votes. Nicolas Sarkozy will remain as the President of France until May 15, 2012.
## Candidates
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
## Election results
## Before the election
## External links
* The Constitutional council's duties relating to the presidential election Archived 23 April 2012.
* Opinion poll tracker with data
* French presidential election, 2012 at Guardian UK
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745225 | G. N. Pavlodar Regional Museum of History and Local History named after Potanin | G.N. Pavlodar regional history and local history museum named after Potanin is an urban planning and architectural monument included in the list of historical and cultural monuments of republican significance of Pavlodar region.
## Location
Pavlodar city, Astana str., 149.
## Period, authors
Building shopping place was built in 1896 (architect P. Batov), in 1942 a museum was opened there.
## Historical data, character of the building
The building was built in 1896 by architect P. According to Batov's project, the famous merchant of the first guild and the respected citizen of the city A.I. It was specially built for the opening of shopping centers with Derov's money. This is a building that is one of the largest commercial parts of the city in terms of length and size. The building was constructed in a rough manner, with its own exterior and bas-relief, taking into account all the principles of Siberian modernism or "non-Russian style". The framing of windows, balconies, doors and upper frames is of particular interest. The walls are protruding and beautifully framed in the form of a round lattice. This style is characteristic of the wooden architecture of Western Siberia, which developed intensively at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Today, in the building of the trading house, G.N. Pavlodar regional history and local history museum named after Potanin is located there. The foundation of the museum was laid in 1942. In 1959, a traveler, researcher of Central Asia, native of Pavlodar region G.N. Potanin's name is given. The founder of the museum is artist, local historian D.P. Bagaev was.
## Museum fund
Museum exposition is shown in 9 halls: nature; archaeology; ethnography; Hall of the history of the Irtys region in the 15th-19th centuries; Hall of the history of the development of culture and economy of the Irtys region at the end of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century; Hall of Civil War and Revolution; Hall of the Great Patriotic War; Hall of history and modern development of Pavlodar region.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745230 | Estay Berkimbayuly Mausoleum | Estay Berkimbayuly's grave is an urban planning and architectural monument included in the list of historical and cultural monuments of republican significance of Pavlodar region.
## Location
Aktogai district, 4 km south of Mutkenov village.
## Period, author
Mazar was built in 1946.
## Historical data
Estay Berkimbayuly (1868-1946) is a famous composer, Honored Artist of the Kazakh SSR (1939), singer, poet, one of the first members of the Kazakh Council of Composers one (1939). His name is written in golden letters in the history of Kazakh music culture. "Sandugash", "Yuran", "Duniye-ay", "Zhai konur", "Naz konur", "Maida konur", "Erkem", etc. His poems are distinguished by their rich intonation patterns. However, the highest peak of his musical talent is his composition "Korlan". The following story is connected with this song: in his youth, the poet Estay saw a beautiful sixteen-year-old girl named Korlan and lost sleep at night and laughter during the day. A girl also falls in love with a boy. They fall in love with each other, but being together is not written on their foreheads. Korlan - someone else betrothed to the daughter of a rich man, the girl cannot resist her father. Yestai decides to take the girl and run away. But the girl's brothers found out about it, and their dream will not come true. Korlan and Estay will be separated from each other forever. The silver ring that Korlan gave as a witness of their love remains in the boy's hand. The poet Estai will kiss Korlan all his life, and not even a single person will leave the ring.
## Characteristics of the tomb
A domed brick monument will be erected on the grave of the folk composer. The contrast of white and yellow brick colors enhances the architectonics of the faceted domed building reaching for the sky. The delicate masonry of the brick emphasizes the decorative structure of the monument. A bas-relief picture of the famous poet was placed in the cavity on the upper side of the mausoleum, as well as an epitaph and a picture of a lyre, a drum and carved motifs on the lower side.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745219 | Beket Ata Underground Mosque (Eski Beineu) | Beket Ata Underground Mosque (Eski Beineu) is an urban planning and architectural monument included in the list of historical and cultural monuments of republican significance of Mangistau region. Among the national sacred objects of Kazakhstan.
## Location
Beineu district, 17 km southwest of Beineu station.
## Period
1771-1775.
## Historical data, characteristics
This mosque is one of the four underground mosques built by Saint Beket Ata, who returned to his homeland after learning from Khiva diwanas for many years.
Beket ata Myrzagululy lived in the vicinity of the modern city of Kulsary of Atyrau region in the second half of the 18th century. According to the legend, when he was young, he was given a vision in a dream. In a dream, Saint Shepherd blesses him and tells him to read first and then to teach others. At the age of forty, he became a diwana, taught children, cured various diseases, instilled faith in people and preached Sufism philosophy. Ata Beket is considered one of the revered saints of Western Kazakhstan.
The underground mosque is carved into the rock and consists of three rooms. The main room of the mosque was round in plan. The roof is in the form of a flat dome. The general exterior looks like a Kazakh yurt. The mosque has modern infrastructure facilities for worshipers who receive candles.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745255 | Central Coast Mariners | Central Coast Mariners is a football club based in Gosford, Australia.
## Achievements
* League A winner (3): 2012/13, 2022/23, 2023/24
* League A finalist (3): 2005/ 06, 2007/08, 2010/11
## Links
* http://www.ccmariners.com.au/ |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745207 | Election precinct | polling station is a territorial unit created for voting and counting votes during elections and referendums.
Precinct election commissions work on the territory of polling stations and lists of voters with active voting rights in the respective territory are created.
## Creation of polling stations
In accordance with the election legislation of Kazakhstan, mayors create polling stations (the heads of local administrators agree with the election commissions within 15 days, and members of other local self-government bodies during the election, within seven days after the appointment or announcement of the polling station, at the expense of no more than 3000 voters per polling station, and the boundaries of the polling station should not cross the border of the administrative-territorial division within the administrative-territorial units ### Special circumstances of the establishment of polling stations
The election legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan also allows for the establishment of polling stations:
* Polling stations will be established in the military divisions of the Republic of Kazakhstan * On election day, polling stations are set up on ships based on the ship's registered port or place of residence.
* In places where citizens live in remote and hard-to-reach areas, polling stations will be established for these areas. Polling stations will be established in remote cattle farms.
* In detention centers and temporary detention centers - Depending on their location, polling stations will be established in detention centers and temporary detention centers.
* Polling stations included in the respective constituencies - they are created according to the location of the registered port or place of residence of the ship. Polling stations will be established near the representative offices of the Republic of Kazakhstan in foreign countries - near the representative offices of Kazakhstan abroad.
* Polling stations will be established in the territory where the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic is located - in the districts connected with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Precincts may be located outside the electoral area. For example, for readers to vote.
## External links
* Constitutional Law "On Elections in the Republic of Kazakhstan"
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745208 | I am against everything | No All Candidates, or No No All Candidates, is the last item on an election ballot that allows you to vote without choosing any of the candidates on the ballot. It is used both in party elections and in elections of specific candidates (presidential, mayor, etc.). In some countries, this item is included in the ballots.
Voting against everything is a form of protest.
## In the world
### Kazakhstan
column "I am against everything" Article 37, Clause 1 of the Constitutional Law "On Elections" included in the respective voting ballots. The "against all" version was originally used in the 1991 presidential election, when voters were allowed to count a candidate's name (Nursultan Nazarbayev) on the ballot as an "against all" vote.
In 1995, the column "against everything" was officially included in the ballot according to the Law on Elections in Kazakhstan, since it was used for the first time in the 1999 presidential election. However, the "against everything" column was subsequently removed from the ballot papers due to changes in the 2004 election law.
Despite the cancellation of the column, political activists continued to implicitly use the "against everything" option as a means of protesting the elections held by the Kazakh government according to undemocratic standards. These included demonstrators setting up alternative ballot boxes and voting informally in the "no-everything" system, as well as engaging in fraudulent voting. In 2016, the capital's lawyer Anton Fabry tried to appeal to the Supreme Court, claiming that the Central Election Commission completely ignored the interests of all voters, denying the possibility of voting from the ballots as a "masterful fraud" in order to manipulate voter turnout.
The absence of the "I'm against everything" column was taken as the main issue during the 2021 parliamentary elections. in response, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev called for additional political reforms after the election, including a proposal to restore the warning column on all ballots. The proposed changes to the Electoral Law will come into effect in June 2021, after being ratified by Parliament and signed into law by Tokayev. The version "I'm against everything" was used again for the first time in July 2021 during the direct election of village mayors.
In the 2022 presidential election, "against everything" received 5.8% (460,484 votes), making it the second most popular vote.
The exact impact of an "against all" scenario in Kazakhstan's elections is unclear, as Justice Minister Kanat Musin said in September 2022 that "against all" votes will be taken into account only as "evidence of voter turnout" and not as a determining factor in voting due to lack of evidence. openly stated that the legislation on this issue "I'm against everything" currently exists only as an "exercise of the right to participate in elections". to allow citizens to express their opinions.
## See more
* Propaganda
* Protest vote
* Boycott the election
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745269 | Memorial complex of heroes of Karasai and Agyntai | The memorial complex of Karasai and Agyntai heroes is a sacred object monument included in the list of historical and cultural monuments of republican significance of the North Kazakhstan region. Among the national sacred objects of Kazakhstan.
## Location
Ayrtau district, 4 km south-east of Karasai village.
## Period
Burial - 17th century, memorial complex - 1999. Architects - B. Ibraev and S. Agitaev.
## Historical data
The monument was built in honor of the famous heroes who fought for the independence of the Kazakh Khanate - Karasai and Agyntai. From the point of view of architecture, the complex continued the ancient Turkish tradition and was built in the direction of Mecca along the main belt. The height of the conical towers is 16 m. Between the towers is a 12 m high mosque that unites the entire complex into a single image. All composite elements are "drawn inside" the circle (the diameter of the fence structure is 27 m). According to the project, the building size is 19x13.5 m. In front of the mausoleum, there is a place for sacrifice. Many soldiers are buried near the mausoleum. At the corners of the square on the granite plinth, as a symbol of the heroes' fighting prowess, there are jointed spears of a metal image with a bronze cover. In the center of the memorial, between the mausoleums, there is a hall of pinoteka where the feats of two heroes are engraved on the wall. The entrance door to the mausoleum is made of metal, surahs of the Koran are engraved on their surfaces. Ceramic bricks, Kurdistan and Kordai granites were used in the interior decoration. The tombstones are made of polished red Kordai granite. Next to each tombstone is a candle, which visitors can light and ask the spirits for help. The square in front of the complex is paved with natural stone slate, there are benches placed here for recreation, as well as lamps on supports made by cast iron technology. The mausoleums are active places of pilgrimage. People believe that legendary heroes give strength and courage.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745315 | Medal for excellence in law enforcement | The medal "For excellence in ensuring law and order" is an award of internal affairs bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan, established on the basis of Decree No. 1157 of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 31, 2003, in order to increase the prestige of service in internal affairs bodies. By the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 155 dated September 30, 2011, new institutional medals were established, including the medal "For contribution to the maintenance of law and order" instead of the medal "For excellence in ensuring law and order".
## Rules about the medal
Employees of the internal affairs bodies who have been positively described in their service, have exemplary performance of their official duties to ensure legality and legal order, as well as actively participated in the protection of public order. others are rewarded for their bravery and loyalty.
## Description of the medal
The medal "For excellence in maintaining law and order" is made of brass and has the shape of a circle with a diameter of 34 mm. The national coat of arms of the Republic of Kazakhstan is depicted on the front of the medal. On the back of the medal, in the middle, there is an inscription "For excellence in law enforcement". All images and inscriptions on the medal stand out. The edges of the medal are bordered with ernation. The medal is attached to a hexagonal base, 30 mm wide and 50 mm high, covered with a stiff silk ribbon by means of a tab and a pulley. The ribbon has two 3 mm wide red stripes in the middle, a 2 mm wide blue stripe between them, and 8 mm wide blue stripes on the edges of the red stripes. There are 3 mm wide yellow stripes on the edges of the tape. The width of the tape is 30 mm.
The medal is attached to the clothes with a pin.
The medal is produced at the Mint of Kazakhstan in Ust-Kamenogorsk.
## Sources
* Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 31, 2003 No. 1157. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745294 | Shandong Luneng | Shandong Taishan, formerly Shandong Luneng Taishan (Chinese: shandong鲁能泰山) is a football club based in Shandong, China.
## Achievements
* Chinese Champion (5):
1999, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2021, 2023
1999, 2006, 2008 , 2010, 2021, 2023
* China Cup (5):
2022 1995, 1999, 2004, 2006, 2014
2022 1995, 1999, 2004, 2006, 2014 \< >
## Notes
* Site |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745198 | Askhat Sergeevich Niyazov | Askhat Sergeevich Niyazov (probably 1990, Ombi, RKFSR) is a Russian and Kazakh journalist.
Niyazov, who was initially known for the "Akimder" (Russian: Akimy) program about mayors on Khabar 24 state TV channel, was later forced to become an independent journalist, and since then, he has been working on the YouTube channel "Obojayu" (Kaz. "I like") about akims and local is making a video about corruption in the administration.
## Biography
Askhat Niyazov was born in Omsk. He finished school and higher education here.
### Career in state television
In 2013, he moved from Omsk to Astana. Later, he started his career at the Seventh Channel, but at first he was not a journalist. After that, he worked at Khabar and Khabar 24 state television channels.
In 2019, there are plans for a TV channel to make a program showing how the local administration works. Niyazov was chosen as its host, and the program was called Akimy (Kaz. Governors). According to Niyazov, the life of this project lasted for two and a half years and ended by the incident of January.
### Obozhayu channel
Niyazov, who was forced to leave state TV channels, later decided to open an independent channel. It was called "Obojayu" (Kaz. I like).
One of Obozhayu's most famous interviews was with Danial Akhmetov. At first, Akhmetov, who had been the mayor for 9 years, refused to give an interview, Niyazov was always "looking for" him. In June 2023, the interview took place, however, women who supported Akhmetov put pressure on Niyazov throughout the day and denied his information. Based on the information that became known later, these women turned out to be related to Akhmetov and his employee Denis Rypakov.
## Legal issues
In 2024, Niyazov made a post on social networks protesting the authorities' refusal to grant accreditation to 36 reporters of Radio Liberty, and was sued for this. The post reposted by Niyazov was originally created by the ProTenge Telegram channel. The case was closed on April 29 of the same year. The judge of the administrative court of the city of Astana made a decision that "there is no criminal offense" in the case. It is known that the Ministry of Culture and Sports made the initial application to the court. Speaking about this application, Vice Minister of Information and Social Development Yevgeny Kochetov accused Niyazov of spreading false information and said that the application was made for that reason.
On September 12, 2024, Niyazov walked in Almaty while filming a video about Almaty. At that time, the local police caught him and took him to the Bostanyuk district internal affairs department. It is known that he was arrested on the charge of "fighting" with the Mayor Yerbolat Dosayev for another interview. Soon the Almaty police released him.
## Political views
In April 2024, Niyazov criticized the high prices of Air Astana tickets.
Niyazov's view of the President of Kazakhstan Tokayev was not consistent. At one point, he thanked him for helping him create the Akimy program, but in an interview with Vadim Boreyko in September 2023, he said that the passage of time had "distanced him" from the president, that he was losing hope for him. He criticized, for example, Tokayev's appointment of Aidarbek Saparov as Minister of Agriculture, his failure to remove Danial Akhmetov from the post of mayor, his failure to hold any press conferences, and other matters. Despite this, Niyazov repeatedly expressed his intention to interview Tokayev. Despite that, he never spoke against Tokayev in his independent Obozhayu program. In this interview, he denied any suggestion that he had ties to the government.
In September 2023, Niyazov said that he "hated" the Ministry of Culture and Information.
He does not oppose the idea that "all Kazakhs should know the Kazakh language", he sympathizes with it.
## His life
Niyazov is married, his wife is a Russian journalist. In May 2024, their marriage was not official, they have a daughter named Amelie. He is studying the Kazakh language. He recognizes Kazakhstan as his homeland, his parents still live in Russia.
## Notes
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745273 | Karasai and Agyntai heroes monument | Monument of Karasai and Agyntai heroes is a monument of monumental art construction included in the list of historical and cultural monuments of republican significance of the North Kazakhstan region.
## Location
Petropavlovsk city, N. Square in front of Pogodin Russian Drama Theater.
## Period, authors
1999, sculptor - B.S. Doszhanov, architects - Yu. Dvornikov, S. Fazylov.
## Historical data, characteristics
The monument is a composition of bronze statues on a granite pedestal dedicated to the famous Kazakh heroes Karasai and Agyntai. The monument is located on the Theater Square and is a landmark for the city's residents and guests. The official opening ceremony of the monument was held on June 22, 1999. The heroes are the heroes of the Dzhongar War. The statues are standing shoulder to shoulder, the heroes are holding a spear in one hand and a shield in the other. The monolithic nature of these artistic images represents the lifelong friendship and cooperation of the two legendary heroes. The friendship and mutual respect of the heroes was in many cases a legendary plot among the people, their graves were located close to each other even after their death, and now they are combined into a single memorial complex. There are many legends about the military exploits of the heroes of Karasai and Agyntai, about the strength, endurance and courage of the heroes. published stories. There is still a legend among the people about the power of Agyntai Batyr, who can defeat any enemy. That is why the people called him "Fist of Agyntai", and Karasai was famous for his sword and speed.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745342 | Amantai Akramuly Aubakirov | Amantai Akramuly Aubakirov (February 27, 1963, Almaty) is a Kazakh military figure, police major general (2010). First Deputy Chairman of the Administrative Police Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
## Biography
Amantai Akramuly Aubakirov was born on February 27, 1963 in Almaty.
In 1984, he graduated from the Karaganda Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR with the specialty of jurist-lawyer.
## Career path
He started his career path in 1980 as a student at the Karaganda Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.
In 1984-1991, he was an operative representative, a senior operative officer, a senior operative officer of the Department of Internal Affairs of the Almaty City Executive Committee, a criminal investigation department.
In 1991-1995, he was the head of department, deputy head of department, head of criminal militia department of Alatau district internal affairs department of Almaty city.
From January to December 1995, he was the first deputy head of the Alatau district internal affairs department of Almaty city.
From December 1995 to 1997, he was the head of the BSA department in the Medeu district of the General Administration of the BSA in the city of Almaty.
In 1997-2000, he was the head of Bostanyk district internal affairs department of Almaty city.
In 2000-2001, he was the head of the Medeu district internal affairs department of Almaty city.
in 2001-2003 - was the deputy head of the criminal police department of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of Almaty city.
In 2003-2007 - was the head of the Criminal Police Department of the Internal Affairs Department of Almaty city.
In 2007-2009, he was the first deputy head of the Department of Internal Affairs of the city of Almaty.
From September 2009 to July 2011, he was the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
In 2011-2017, he was the head of the Department of Internal Affairs of the city of Astana. From December 2017 to November 3, 2019, he was the head of the Internal Affairs Department of Pavlodar region.
From November 4, 2019 to the present, he is the first deputy chairman of the Administrative Police Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
## Awards and honors
* Order of "Glory" 1st degree
* Order of "Dangk" 2nd degree
* Order of "Aibyn" 2nd degree
* Medal "For Courage"
* Master of Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan "From Military Weapons Shooting"
* Honored Employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan
* Institutional awards of the Republic of Kazakhstan, CIS countries and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.
## Family
Married, has three children and seven grandchildren.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745299 | Medal for the best border guard | The medal "For the best guarding the border" is an institutional award of the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It was established on the basis of Decree No. 882 of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated May 27, 2002 "On some issues of symbols and institutional awards of the national security bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan". By Decree No. 155 of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated September 30, 2011, changes were made to the description of the medal.
## Rule
Military servicemen of the national security bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as citizens (including foreigners) are awarded for:
* guarding the state border of the Republic of Kazakhstan Courage and self-sacrifice shown in combat operations with subversive-intelligence groups during the arrest of violators;
* skillful management of the combat operations of the border troops during the protection of the inviolability of the border of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
* high vigilance and active actions, as a result of which violators of the state border were caught;
* skillful organization of border service and exemplary work in strengthening the state border of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
* Contribution to the strengthening of the state border of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
* Impeccable performance of duties in guarding the state border of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
* Providing active assistance to formations and divisions of the border service in their official and combat activities to protect the state border of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
## Description of the sign
### In 2002-2011
Commemorative medal "For the best guarding of the border" is silver, shaded with antique silver color, diameter 32 mm is a metal circle. The diameter of the medal has a 1 mm high and 0.5 mm wide protrusion on both sides.
On the obverse side of the medal there is an image of a border pillar with the coat of arms of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the center of the image of an open house. The size of the coat of arms of the Republic of Kazakhstan is 3.2 x 3 mm, the border column is 27 x 5 mm, the diameter of the house image is 24 mm. An ornament in the form of a lily of the valley wrapped with a ribbon consisting of two equally spaced branches on the right and left sides is located between the medallion and the dome. The width of the tape is 2 mm.
On the back side of the medal, in its upper part, the inscription "For the best guarding the border" is written in four lines. The height of the letters is 2 mm. Below the inscription is the image of a soaring eagle. Its wingspan is 24 mm.
All images and text are in bold.
The medal is attached to a pentagonal base, the top side of which is covered with a silk ribbon, by means of a tab and a pulley. The size of the shoe is 28 x 18 mm, the width of the tape is 24 mm. The lower part of the tagan is decorated with national ornaments. Along the right and left sides of the tape there is a blue border, then alternately green, yellow, green, yellow, in the middle - sky blue stripes. The width of the blue border, green and yellow stripes is 1.5 mm, and the width of the sky blue stripe is 9 mm.
On the outside of the shoe there is a matching fastener for pinning to the recipient's clothing.
### Since 2011,
the commemorative medal "For the best guarding the border" is a silver metal circle with a diameter of 34 mm. The diameter of the medal has a 1 mm high and 0.5 mm wide protrusion on both sides.
On the obverse side of the medal is a picture of a 27 x 5 mm border pillar with the coat of arms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, measuring 3.2 x 3 mm vertically, in the background of a picture of an open house with a diameter of 24 mm. An ornament in the form of a lily of the valley wrapped with a ribbon consisting of two equally spaced branches on the right and left sides is located between the medallion and the dome. The width of the tape is 2 mm. The medal is shiny.
On the back side of the medal, in its upper part, the inscription "For the best guarding the border" is written in four lines. The height of the letters is 2 mm. Below the inscription is the image of a soaring eagle. Its wingspan is 24 mm.
All images and text are in bold.
The medal is attached to a 50 x 33 mm hexagonal base, the upper side of which is covered with a thick silk tape, by means of a tab and a roller. The lower part of the tagan is decorated with national ornaments. Along the right and left sides of the tape there is a blue border, then alternately green, yellow, green, yellow, in the middle - sky blue stripes. The width of the blue border is 1.8 mm, the width of the green and yellow stripes is 1.5 mm, and the width of the sky blue stripe is 17.4 mm.
The medal is attached to the clothing by means of a pin with a shield fastener.
## Sources
* Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated May 27, 2002 No. 882. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745369 | Ancient Turkestan town | The ancient town of Turkestan is an archeological monument included in the list of historical and cultural monuments of republican significance of the Turkestan region. Among the list of national sacred objects of Kazakhstan.
## Location
Turkestan city, Tauke Khan Avenue, 70.
## Period
XV-XIX centuries .
## Historical data
belongs to one of the ancient cities of Kazakhstan located on the Great Silk Road. Active economic life of the city in the Middle Ages contributed to its formation as a political and cultural center of the region. Today, the protected area of the historical center of the city is 88.7 hectares. The citadel of the town is located northeast of the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmet Yasawi. To the west and southeast of the citadel is the Shahristan. In the plan, the shahristan is an irregular square construction measuring 350x670 mm. Today, the remains of the rabad walls have been preserved, their thickness has reached 1.2 to 1.4 m. The city was the capital of the Kazakh Khanate in the 16th-11th centuries. The residence of many famous Kazakh khans is located here.
## Research
Turkestan was first explored by P.I. Rychkov studied. In 1867, the town of Turkestan was discovered by P.I. Lerch studied. He scientifically substantiated the location of the ancient city of Yassy on the territory of modern Turkestan. The study of the city was carried out by V.V. Barthold and A.I. Dobromyslov participated. The first archaeological excavations were carried out in 1928. Conducted under the direction of Masson.
There are many legends associated with the city. One of them is a holy well in the city of Turkestan, from which only innocent people can take water. In the past, residents of the city used to check whether there was a really pure person or a person with a false name. Today, Turkestan, like centuries ago, is one of the main cultural-tourist and pilgrimage centers of Kazakhstan.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745360 | Arthur Koestler | Arthur Köstler (maj. Kösztler Artúr, German Arthur Koestler, 1905–1983) is an English writer and philosopher. He worked as an English correspondent in Spain during the Civil War. Franco's government sentenced him to death, but he was released due to international pressure. Mass persecutions in the USSR led him to change to a liberal attitude, to abandon Marxism.
Köstler's philosophical works were devoted to scientific and artistic creativity, religion, biology. According to him, man is a "mistake" of nature, a "dead end" in its development.
## Biography
Koestler was born on September 5, 1905 in Budapest. In 1920, his family moved to Vienna, where he entered the Polytechnic University. There he joined the Zionist Youth Organization. Before graduating from university in 1925, Koestler unexpectedly decided to leave for Palestine, burning his test book and arriving in Palestine in 1926. Until 1929, he was the Ulstein correspondent of the German publishing concern, and in 1929-1930 he worked in Paris. Like many of his generation, Koestler believed that the age of reason and progress was over. After reading some pamphlets about Arab atrocities against Jews, he became a Zionist. In 1931, he moved to Berlin, where he became the scientific editor of the Vossische Zeitung newspaper. In the same year, he flew to the North Pole in the German airship Graf Zeppelin. He also became interested in communist ideology and joined the KPG in December 1931. In 1942, Köstler was under the Ministry of Information, for which he wrote brochures and scripts for documentaries, spoke on the BBC.
## Studies
In his study of Khazarian history, Koestler cites many sources from medieval sources in Arabic, Hebrew, Latin, Greek, and Old Russian, and describes the content of the texts.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745324 | Chagaray Batyr Zhadikuly | Shagyrai batyr Zhadikuly (1750-1815) is a Kazakh batyr. Bayuly tribe, descended from Sherkesh clan. Shagyrai Zhadikuly was born on the eastern side of the Zhayik River in about 1750. He was a contemporary of Uly pir Beket Myrzaguly. According to the legends, he was a brave man with a thick body, a strong body, and a bright complexion. One of the heroes who fought for the Zhayik river, the motto of the Sherkesh tribe was Shagyrai batyr.
Shagyrai Batyr, whose name has become a slogan, was a medium-sized, muscular man, fearless, very brave and a wise man who knew good manners.
## Story
Around 1805-1815, Shagyrai Batyr led his family from the Zhayik River to the Samar region (on the European side) to the Bokei Khanate. It seems that he has returned to his old acquaintance. Today, the Kazakhs living in the Taskala region suffered a lot from the Russian Cossacks. According to the laws of the tsarist government at that time, every Kazakh who crossed the Zhayik River had to hand over all their weapons, including swords, knives, whips, and sticks, and were also obliged to pay money to their families and livestock. Four or more people from each tribe that passed through Yayik were entrusted to the Russian-Cossacks and were prisoners in the lands of the Ural Cossack troops. They take away their homes and comforts where cattle graze. The city does not wash its cattle in rivers and lakes. The people of that region who could not bear the violent actions of the Russian ruler, asked Shagyrai Batyr for protection. Then Shagyrai took his servants and left for Taskala. He goes to the ataman of the village of Kamenka with a few people. On the other side, when the king in Taskala tried to enter the local ruler of my body, the guards did not let him in. After that, Shagyrai, angry, stormed into the Russian church and climbed onto the roof. On the left side, he smashed the tower dome to the left and right, and smashed the Orthodox cross on the roof of the church. Cossacks of Stanitsa shoot Chagaray with bird guns. Whether it was his armor or his grandfather's qualities, somehow the bullet did not reach our grandfather. Finally, the Cossacks, desperate, allow the hero Shagyrai to enter the ataman. Then Shagyrai Batyr demanded that Ataman stop his tyranny against the country. Ataman was shocked by Shagyrai's pride and agreed to stop it.
## Song
In the book "Golden Horde Landed Land" by Ybyray Ahun Kulbayuly, popular among the people, there are the following lines: <> He grew up early in a row,
His sons and daughters grew up.
Shagyrai in Sherkesh,
Barsa, the name of the enemy disappeared.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745345 | Mukhtar Sultanbekuly Sabidoldanov | Mukhtar Sultanbekuly Sabidoldanov (June 23, 1967, Zaisan, East Kazakhstan region, Kazakh SSR) is a representative of the command of the National Security Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Major General, Deputy Director of the Border Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan (since 2013).
## Biography
Born on June 23, 1967 in the city of Zaysan, East Kazakhstan region.
In 1991, M.V. In 2005, he graduated from the Ombi Higher General Military Command School named after Frunze, and in 2005 from the National Defense University of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Served as platoon commander, deputy head of material and technical support, head of automobile and armored tank service, deputy head of squad, deputy head of department, deputy head of regional department.
Since May 2013, he has been working as the Deputy Director of the Border Service of the National Security Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
## Awards
* Medal "20 years of independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (2011)
* Anniversary medals
* Medals for long service
* "Border 20th anniversary medal of the Council of Commanders of the Armed Forces (CIS)
## Link
* Paragraph (Russian)
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745309 | Tatyana Vladimirovna Kim | Tatyana Vladimirovna Kim (October 16, 1975, Grozny, Chechen-Ingush ASSR) is a Russian entrepreneur, founder and CEO of Wildberries Russian market. She is the richest woman in Russia.
In 2021, Forbes magazine ranked Tatiana Kim and her husband Vladislav Bakalchuk first in the list of the richest families in Russia. In 2024, their wealth was estimated at $7.4 million. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745336 | Agglutinogens | Agglutinogens are antigens that cause the formation of agglutinins in the body.
Agglutinogens are found in cells (for example, in the membrane of human erythrocytes) and are designated by the Latin letters A and B. Some people's red blood cells have agglutinogen-A, some have agglutinogen-B, and others have both agglutinogen-A and agglutinogen-B, or none at all. According to the AB0 system, which takes the main place in the study of blood groups, people have four main groups: 0 (I), Α (ΙΙ), Β (ІІІ) and ΑΒ (Ї).
## Description of the four blood groups
The isoagglutination reaction, which is the basis for dividing people into blood groups, is an immune reaction, and the agglutination properties of erythrocytes are considered as antigens with corresponding antibodies in the serum. Erythrocytes contain agglutinogens, and serum contains agglutinins. The agglutination reaction begins when the agglutinogen in the erythrocytes meets the corresponding agglutinin in the blood serum. There are two agglutinogens, designated A and B, and two agglutinins, respectively: anti-A and anti-B, designated α- and β- for brevity.
In erythrocytes, agglutinogens may be either one, or both together, or not at all; similarly, respectively, agglutinins in the blood serum may be either one, or both, or completely absent. Due to the specified distribution of agglutinogens, four groups of blood can be divided, which have the following formulas: 0 (I) αβ, Α (ΙΙ) β, Β (ІІІ) α, ΑΒ (IV) o.
Agglutination occurs when agglutinogen-A meets α-agglutinin, and agglutinogen-B meets β-agglutinin.
### 0 (I) αβ group
The erythrocytes of this group do not have agglutinogens A and B, so it does not give an agglutination reaction with human blood serum, because one of the components of this reaction is missing. Blood serum contains both agglutinins, and therefore agglutinates erythrocytes of all other groups, because their erythrocytes always contain the necessary agglutinogen.
### ΑΒ (IV) o group
Erythrocytes of this group contain both agglutinogens, and therefore are able to give an agglutination reaction with sera of all other groups, but serum does not contain agglutinins and with human erythrocytes cannot give an agglutination reaction. Thus, group 0 and group AB are opposite in properties.
### A (II) β and B (III) α groups
A (II) β and B (III) α groups are mutually agglutinated, that is, the serum of one group gives an agglutination reaction with erythrocytes. In addition, these groups 0 (I) αβ and AB (IV) o have a certain relationship with the above-mentioned groups; Group A (II) β and B (III) α erythrocytes agglutinate with 0 (I) αβ group serum, and A (II) β and B (III) α sera give agglutination with AB (IV) group erythrocytes.
## Sources
* Large medical encyclopedia, Wiedershine G. Ya. Group-specific substances, 3rd edition, Soviet encyclopedia, 1977, Hypertrophy — Degeneration — pages 488-490
* Big medical encyclopedia, Kosyakov P. H., Zotikov E. A., Tumanov A. K., Umnova M. A. Blood Group 3rd Edition, Soviet Encyclopedia, 1977, Hypothyroidism — Degeneration — Pages 490-503 |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745262 | Bakytzhan Ordabaev | Bakytzhan Ordabayev (November 12, 1952 Shauldir, Otyrar district, South Kazakhstan region, Kazakh SSR, USSR) is a Kazakh statesman, ambassador. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745373 | Robin George Collingwood | Robin George Collingwood (English. Robin George Collingwood, 1889–1943) is a British philosopher, historian, archaeologist, specialist in the ancient history of Great Britain. Robin George Collingwood left behind him many works on various topics in the field of history, philosophy, aesthetics, religion, and politics.
The most famous work on the philosophy of history "The Idea of History" was published after the death of the author. Collingwood was not only concerned with the philosophy of history, but was also practically engaged in history and archaeology.
## Neopositivism and historicism
Revision of the positivist epistemological foundations of historical knowledge raised the banner of relativism and presentism. The most influential critics of positivism were the twentieth-century visual thinkers Benedetto Croce and Robin George Collingwood. Following Hegel, they considered the historical process as the history of the development of the spirit. Thus, he believed that history cannot be objectively represented in the researcher's (human) mind, unlike nature. For them, the terms natural fact and human fact do not have the same meaning: natural fact is the world that a scientist can see with his own eyes or create by hand in his laboratory. And in the role of historical facts - events that happened in the past and conditions and conditions that do not exist in the present. Only when a person's ability to perceive events directly is removed, it becomes a historical fact. Even then, the historian has only documents, relics and other remnants of the past. Using these, the historian recreates the past. This situation is a feature of historical knowledge.
## Peculiarities of collective memory in traditional society
The phenomenon of collective memory can be considered as a form of cultural universality. In any form, it is found in the cultural and social practices of human societies in all historical eras. The collective memory includes legendary mythological legends about the long-standing actions of society and the entire universe, as well as the competition of interpretations in historical chronicles, the justification of historical priorities and natural rights, historical metanarratives of the ideologies and structures of the nation-state, and various types of modern simulacra. At the same time, the immutability of collective memory as a universal cultural phenomenon does not exclude the existence of its historical specificity in different socio-cultural eras. Indeed, historical types of human societies differ from each other in constructing the image of the world, justifying the legitimacy of power relations and the non-homogeneous nature of the social structure. According to Robin Collingwood, the past becomes an object of thought through historical imagination. At the same time, the methods of imagination, its role in the formation of historical narrators (narratives) are changing historically. Therefore, it is appropriate to talk about the existence of historical types of collective memory and to connect this typology with the historical and cultural stages of human development of science.
## Books
* The idea of history. Autobiography — Science, 1980
* Principles of art. — Language of Russian culture, 1999. ISBN 5-88766-017-1
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745197 | January event | The 2022 Kazakhstan protests (or Bloody January, January Incident, January Tragedy) are protests that began in Kazakhstan due to a sudden increase in the price of liquefied natural gas. These events, which began on January 2, turned into the most intensive and violent conflict in the 30-year history of independent Kazakhstan.
The march that started in the city of Zhanaozen later spread to other cities of Kazakhstan. People from Almaty, Aktobe, Aktau, Atyrau, Karaganda, Astana, Shymkent, Kokshetau, Ural, etc. b. went to the streets of the cities and began to demand political changes along with economic demands. The initially peaceful protests turned into armed clashes and looting (mainly in Almaty). The riots that began on January 5 were officially called a coup d'état.
On January 2, 2022, disgruntled residents of Zhanaozen blocked the highway, demanding a reduction in the price of liquefied natural gas. The people demanded from the city and regional governors to stabilize the price and eliminate the shortage of blue fuel. The protest actions continued the next day as well. On January 4, the government of Kazakhstan announced that the price of liquefied gas in the Mangistau region was reduced to 50 tenge per liter.
Residents of other major cities of Kazakhstan supported the protests that started in Zhanaozen and took to the streets. Protesters destroyed police vehicles and set them on fire in Almaty. Hundreds of people were arrested, and on the night of January 4, the Internet was shut down in the country. A state of emergency has been introduced in the territory of Mangistau region and Almaty city. On the morning of January 5, it became known that the government of Kazakhstan resigned.
Due to the escalation of the situation in the country, on January 5, a state of emergency was introduced in the entire territory of Kazakhstan. Demonstrators attacked important objects, administration buildings in Almaty, Taldykorgan, and Almaty airport were taken over by the disgruntled people. Later, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced that he asked for help from the leaders of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). On January 10, the NSC announced that all administrative facilities seized during the riots had been returned, and the situation in the country had stabilized. By January 11, the number of people who took part in riots and were arrested was almost 10,000. As a result of robbery and vandalism, the amount of damage caused to businessmen exceeded 100 billion tenge. A day of national mourning was declared for the incident.
## Background
See also: Zhanaozen incident (1989) and Zhanaozen incident (2011)
The city of Zhanaozen in Mangistau region, rich in oil and gas, in the past It became the site of conflict between the disaffected people and the authorities. In 1989, the dispute between the local population and the migrants from the Caucasus turned into a conflict. The conflict was quelled with the intervention of law enforcement agencies. In December 2011, there was a conflict between the workers of Nyayozen who went on strike and the law enforcement officers. Police officers used weapons and fired shots against the former employees of "Uzenmunaygaz", who were on strike for seven months due to labor disputes. As a result, 15 people were killed by the strikers (according to official data).
The main demand of the people who participated in the protests that started on January 2, 2022 was to reduce the price of liquefied gas. Since January 1, gas trading has been completely switched to a system implemented through commodity exchanges, and since then this type of fuel has doubled in price. Liquefied gas, which used to be sold at 60 tenge, will be sold to consumers at 120 tenge from 2022.
According to the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, there is only one enterprise engaged in gas production in the region - "Kazakh Gas Processing Plant". This plant, which produces 14.5 thousand tons of liquefied gas per month, is not able to fully supply consumers with gas, so there is a need to purchase additional gas volume from outside. In addition, the level of wear and tear of the equipment of this enterprise, which has been operating since 1973, has reached 90%. It was planned to solve this problem by opening a new plant after switching to electronic trading and starting to sell gas at market prices.
2 years before these events, in January 2020, residents of Njavez met in the local akimat, protesting the increase in the price of liquefied gas from 55 tenge to 65 tenge. At that time, the increase in gas prices was connected with the accession of Kazakhstan to the Customs Union and the repair works at the "Kazakh Gas Refinery". After public protests, the city administration announced that gas will be sold at the previous price.
After the start of protests in 2022, it was decided that the price of liquefied gas will be reduced not only in Zhanaozen, but in all regions of the country. But after this announcement, the demonstrators were not in a hurry to disperse to their homes, it was clear that the increase in prices was not the only reason for the people's discontent. People took to the streets and expressed their dissatisfaction with Kassym-Jomart Tokayev and Nursultan Nazarbayev. Corruption in the government, social and economic inequality (especially exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic), and the low level of democracy in the country were among the reasons that prompted the disgruntled people to march. Demonstrators demanded political liberalization (liberalization), the introduction of elections for governors (now they are appointed by the president), and the removal from power of the people who have been ruling the state since 1991.
## Localities where protests took place
### Big cities
### Other countries settlements
## Disturbances that started on January 5
On January 5, the situation in Almaty became tense and the disturbances intensified. Unknown people captured the mayor's building and Almaty airport. The city administration was on fire. It was reported that dozens of shopping centers, shops, and banks in Almaty were robbed. The next day, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said at the meeting of the Security Council that this attack was organized by "terrorist groups". According to his statement, the country was attacked by "armed and trained local and foreign militants" numbering up to 20 thousand. The president announced that he had ordered to fire without warning against these people.
Soldiers and civilians were killed in the cities of Almaty, Taraz, Shymkent, Kyzylorda as a result of the conflict with unnamed thug groups. On January 7, it became known that the administration building, the president's residence and the Republic Square in Almaty were under control. On that day, it became known that the constitutional order was restored in all regions of Kazakhstan, but Tokayev announced that the anti-terrorist measures will be carried out until the militants are completely destroyed.
According to the words of the Minister of Internal Affairs, Yerlan Turgimbaev, on January 4, a group of protesters of 500-4000 people gathered in many cities of Kazakhstan. Buildings of regional akimats in Atyrau, Kyzylorda, Almaty, Aktobe, Taraz and the city akimat in Semipalatinsk were occupied by disgruntled people. In other regions, administration buildings were attacked. In Almaty, 7 weapons stores were robbed, and the protesters took possession of weapons and ammunition. According to Turgimbayev, hooligans seized cars and utility equipment, hit the policemen's cars, threw "Molotov cocktails" at the employees, and fired shots. Police cars were set on fire and fire engines were attacked. Ambulances that came to help the injured were prevented from passing.
The authorities of Kazakhstan began to consider the protests that took place before January 5 as a "peaceful rally", and the events that took place after that as a "coup d'état" and a "terrorist attack". Tokayev stated that "militants" attacked 11 regions of the country, and the main attack was made on the city of Almaty. According to him, the people who planned to capture Akorda lost their intention after the landing of military planes in Astana. Russian President Vladimir Putin also supported this point of view and said that "front technology" was used in Kazakhstan.
It has not been officially stated who exactly organized the "coup d'état" and who wanted to seize power. On January 8, it became known that Karim Masimov, who was dismissed from the position of the chairman of the National Security Committee at the time of the unrest in Almaty and a number of other regions, was arrested on charges of "treason". Later, it became known that a criminal case was initiated against Masimov on the charge of "usurpation of power". In addition, A. Sadikulov, the former deputy chairman of the NSC, head of the "A" special purpose service, and D. Ergozhin, the former deputy chairman of the NSC, were also detained. After that, there were unconfirmed reports about the detention of the first deputy chairman of the NSC, Samat Abish and Kairat Satybaldi (both nephews of Nursultan Nazarbayev) (Samat Abish was later dismissed).
It remains a mystery how the peaceful march that started in the city of Zhanaozen led to the bloody events that took place in Almaty, thousands of kilometers away. Clashes in the largest city of Kazakhstan surprised not only the president, but also people who have been criticizing the state for a long time. As this crisis coincided with a struggle for power within the country, rumors spread that the political elite took part in the street clashes. Opinions were also expressed that the Kremlin may be involved in this situation. It is clear that the crisis in the country is not just a conflict between a protesting population and the authoritarian regime's tyrannical security forces. According to Daniil Kislov, a Russian expert and the head of the Fergana news agency, there was a fierce struggle for power between the supporters of Tokayev and Nazarbayev in Kazakhstan. According to Kislov, riots in Almaty were deliberately organized by Nazarbayev's supporters in order to keep their positions.
*
*
*
*
## Consequences of the riots
According to the General Prosecutor's Office and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan (January 15, 2021) , during riots in the country:
* 225 people were killed, including 19 police officers and soldiers;
* 175 of the victims died after being taken to medical institutions;
* 265 people were hospitalized, 67 of them are in serious condition;
4553 people were injured, including 3393 law enforcement officers.
According to the information of Sanzhar Adilov, head of the Investigation Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (January 25, 2022):
* attacks on buildings took place in the cities of Almaty, Taldykorgan, Taraz, Shymkent, Kyzylorda, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Aktobe, Atyrau and Semey;
* Attacks were organized on 1466 different buildings and structures, including 71 state institutions, 12 administration buildings and 27 police facilities;
* 1395 business facilities were robbed;
* More than 700 cars were destroyed or damaged, most of them were official vehicles belonging to state bodies, 116 belonged to civilians.
According to the Prosecutor's Office (January 25, 2022):
* 9257 administrative cases were considered in court;
* 4584 people were warned by the court;
* 1149 people were released from detention on the recommendation of prosecutors;
* 577 penalty changed to warning;
* 393 administrative cases were shortened due to lack of staff;
* 3314 people were taken into administrative detention by court decision, 63 of them are in custody;
* there are 2044 criminal cases in the production of investigative teams, on which 898 suspects were arrested;
* of those arrested, 802 were detained with the permission of the court, 50 were under house arrest, 21 were on bail, 12 were on a restraining order, and 13 were still pending.
### Consequences of riots in Almaty
According to information released by the Almaty Police Department, 11 law enforcement officers and 149 residents were killed in the city during the riots. 249 people were arrested and investigations were started in 405 criminal cases. According to official data, morgues in Almaty were attacked 7 times and 41 corpses were stolen from them.
7 weapons stores were robbed at the same time in Almaty. A total of 1,347 weapons were stolen (including 501 rifled, 807 smooth-bore, 39 gas traumatic weapons). According to information released later, the number of stolen weapons reached 1,564. Until January 25, 515 pieces of weapons stolen during the anti-terrorist operation were returned (75 submachine guns, 133 pistols, 2 machine guns, 47 rifles, 103 smooth-bore weapons, more than 100 grenades and 9,000 cartridges). 98 people who stole weapons and 61 people who illegally kept them were caught and arrested.
The total number of looted trade facilities exceeds 1,600. 356 cars were damaged or destroyed, including 163 police cars. The amount of damage caused to the city of Almaty reached 112 billion tenge. Medium and small business representatives spent 42 billion tenge, large business 25 billion tenge.
*
*
*
*
### List of casualties
Official information that 225 people were killed during the January events distributed, but their names were not published. Kazakh activists demanded the publication of this list by the state and began collecting signatures under the petition. In addition, the website qantar2022.org was opened, where information about people who were injured, detained, injured and killed during the January events was collected. The list of Radio Liberty, published at the end of January, contains the names of 184 people who died. With the collection of this information, Bakytzhan Toregozhina headed by "Ar. Spirit. Haq" fund and civil activists were involved.
## Measures taken by the state after the beginning of the protest
In the first days of the beginning of the protest, Galym Baizhanov, the acting akim of Zhanaozen, held talks with the protesters (mayor Maksat Ibagarov was on vacation). . On January 3, it became known that a commission was created to consider the socio-economic situation in the region under the leadership of Askar Mamin. On that day, regional akim Nurlan Nogayev came to negotiate with the protesters. After protests started in other regions of Kazakhstan, on January 4, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev called "not to listen to the calls of destructive groups that intend to damage the integrity and unity of the country."
On the morning of January 5, the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan resigned, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev took over the leadership of the Security Council. A state of emergency has been introduced in Mangistau region and Almaty until January 19. On that day, it became known that the state of emergency was introduced first in Almaty region, then in Astana, and finally in all regions of the country. Internet connection has been turned off, telephone connection has deteriorated throughout Kazakhstan.
### Entry of CSTO troops into the territory of Kazakhstan
On January 6, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev held a meeting of the Security Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan and announced that he asked for help from the leaders of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). On the same day, the Chairman of the CSTO, the Prime Minister of Armenia, Nikol Pashinyan, officially confirmed that he would send troops to Kazakhstan.
The main mission of the CSTO peacekeeping forces was declared to be the protection of strategic objects in Kazakhstan. From January 9, the troops of Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan (2,030 soldiers, 250 equipment) began guarding important facilities. Baikonur cosmodrome, Saryshagan training ground, space monitoring stations and other important military facilities were controlled by the troops of the CSTO. From January 13, the peacekeeping forces began to hand over the objects they had guarded to the Kazakhstani human rights defenders, and preparations for the return of the CSTO troops to their countries began. On January 19, the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan announced that there are no military personnel of foreign countries left on the territory of the country.
Composition of the CSTO troops in Kazakhstan (January 10, 2022):
* Russia, 1,480 soldiers: 45th Guards Special Purpose Brigade; 98th Guards Airborne Division; 31st assault-assault independent guard brigade;
* 45th special purpose independent guards brigade;
* 98th Guards Airborne Division;
* 31st Airborne Assault Independent Guards Brigade;
* Tajikistan, 200 soldiers: Peacekeeping unit of the Armed Forces;
* Peacekeeping unit of the armed forces;
* Kyrgyzstan, 150 soldiers: 25th special purpose brigade "Scorpion"
* 25th special purpose brigade "Scorpion"
* Belarus, 100 soldiers: 103rd Guards Airborne Independent Guards Brigade ;
* 103rd Guards Airborne Independent Guards Brigade;
* Armenia, 100 soldiers: Peacekeeping unit of the Armed Forces.
* Peacekeeping unit of the armed forces.
### Measures to improve the socio-economic situation
At the meeting held on January 5, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev gave a number of tasks to stabilize the socio-economic situation in Kazakhstan:
* Oil products (gasoline, diesel, liquefied gas) state regulation for 180 days;
* Introduction of state regulation on the price of food products of social importance;
* Starting to develop the Law "On Bankruptcy of Individuals";
To consider the need to introduce a moratorium on the increase of utility tariffs for 180 days for the people;
* Consideration of the issue of subsidizing the cost of renting housing in the market for socially disadvantaged groups of the population;
* Creation of a public fund called "Kazakhstan people" to solve health care and children's problems, financing it through state and private sources.
Tasks of the "Kazakhstan people" fund:
* providing charitable assistance to the people of Kazakhstan in the fields of health care, education and social support, culture and sports, in addition to state support measures;
* assistance to the affected population during emergency situations and when the state of emergency is introduced;
* support the development of sports infrastructure and increase its accessibility for needy children and children from socially vulnerable groups of the population;
* Support for the families of law enforcement agencies, special agencies, and military personnel who died while protecting the territorial integrity and security of Kazakhstan;
* providing charitable assistance in other priority areas of the fund's activities.
Bolat Zhamishev was appointed as the head of the fund. Funds received from individuals, international charitable organizations, compulsory transfers of monopolies, and large businesses were used to finance it. From January 16 to 27, more than 52 billion tenge were deposited into the account of the fund: founders of Kaspi Bank Vyacheslav Kim and Mikhail Lomtadze 10 billion tenge, "Halyk" charity fund 2 billion tenge, "Stepnogorsk mining and chemical plant" 350 million tenge, KAZ Minerals Aktogay 6.2 billion tenge, KAZ Minerals Bolzshakol 6.2 billion tenge, Kazakhmys Smelting 5 billion tenge, "Vostoktsvetmet" 3.1 billion tenge, private charitable fund "Saby" 1 billion tenge, "Astana-Motors" company 550 million tenge, BI-Development transferred 300 million tenge, "Saryarkaavtoprom" 250 million tenge, NAK Development transferred 100 million tenge.
### Staff changes
After the resignation of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan on January 5, new heads were appointed to a number of ministries.
* Alikhan Askhanuly Smaililov was appointed to the post of Prime Minister. Since 2019, he has served as the first deputy prime minister.
* Azhar Giniyat, deputy head of the Medical Center of the former President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, was appointed as the Minister of Health.
* Dauren Abayev, the former First Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration, was appointed as the Minister of Culture and Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
* Askar Kuanyshuly Omarov, the former chairman of the "KazInformation" board, was appointed as the Minister of Information and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
* Alibek Kuantirov, the deputy head of the Information and Expert Support Department of the Office of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, was appointed as the Minister of National Economy.
* Kairbek Uskenbayev was appointed as the Minister of Industry and Infrastructure Development.
* Bolat Aksholakov, the former general director of the "KAZENERGY" association of legal entities, was appointed to the position of Minister of Energy.
* Aida Balayeva (former Minister of Information and Social Development) and Yerzhan Kazykhan (Special Representative of the President for International Cooperation) were appointed as Deputy Heads of the Presidential Administration.
* Darkhan Medegaliuly Zhazykbayev, who was dismissed from the position of the deputy chairman of the State Service Affairs Agency, was appointed to the position of the chairman of the State Service Affairs Agency.
* Former Mazhilis deputy Kanat Musin was appointed to the post of Minister of Justice.
Aibek Dadebaev was appointed to the position of Case Manager of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
* Karlygash Abdijabbarova was appointed the new chief sanitary doctor of Almaty.
* Colonel Marat Irmenov, who previously served as the first deputy head of the NSC in Almaty city, was appointed as the head of the department of the NSC in Almaty city.
* Timur Suleymenov, the former adviser to the President, was appointed as the first deputy head of the Presidential Administration.
* Former energy minister Magzum Myrzagaliyev was appointed to the position of adviser to the President.
* Beibit Isabayev, who was dismissed from the position of the head of the Representation of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Parliament, was appointed a deputy of the Senate.
* Senate deputy Saule Aitpaeva's authority was suspended.
* Yerlan Battakov, the former business manager of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, was appointed the first vice-minister of trade and integration.
* Alexander Danilov, who was the leader of the Stopfake.kz project, was appointed to the post of Vice Minister of Information and Social Development.
* Abzal Abdikarimov, the former head of the Astana department of the Competition Protection and Development Agency, was appointed as the vice-minister of national economy.
* Former Deputy Chairman of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan Zhaslan Madiyev was appointed to the post of First Vice Minister of Digital Development, Innovations and Aerospace Industry.
* Former Minister of Justice Marat Beketaev was appointed as an adviser to Prime Minister Alikhan Smayilov.
* Former Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs, Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard of the Republic of Kazakhstan Ruslan Zhaksylykov was appointed to the post of Minister of Defense.
Deputy Prime Minister Eraly Togzhanov, First Deputy Prime Minister Roman Sklyar, Head of the Prime Minister's Office Galymzhan Koishybaev, Minister of Internal Affairs Yerlan Turgimbaev (later he resigned and was appointed an adviser to the President), Minister of Foreign Affairs Mukhtar Tileuberdi, emergency Minister of Social Affairs Yuriy Ilyin, Minister of Labor and Social Protection of the Population Serik Shapkenov, Minister of Digital Development and Aerospace Industry Bagdat Musin, Minister of Agriculture Yerbol Karashokeev, Minister of Education and Science Askhat Aimagambetov, Minister of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources Serikkali Brekeshev, Minister of Finance Yerulan Zhamaubaev , Minister of Trade and Integration Bakyt Sultanov retained his positions.
### Accountability for the events of January
* Chairman of the National Security Committee Karim Masimov was dismissed from his post on January 5, and later arrested on charges of "treason". Later, it became known that a criminal case was initiated against him on the charge of "usurpation of power". In addition, the former deputy chairman of the NSC A. Sadikulov and D. Ergozhin was also arrested.
* On January 15, it became known that the Vice Minister of Energy Zhumabai Karagayev was dismissed from his post and arrested. In addition, the heads of electronic trading platforms and persons involved in the unjustified increase in the price of liquefied gas in Mangistau region were arrested.
* It became known that former Minister of Defense Murat Bektanov, who was dismissed on January 19, was imprisoned on February 20. Bektanov, who was criticized by Tokayev for "failing to demonstrate his commanding ability", was charged under Article 452 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan ("Inaction of the authorities").
### Phase out emergency
The National Security Committee of Kazakhstan announced on January 13 that the anti-terrorist operation in the territories of the cities of Astana, Shymkent, Akmola, Aktobe, Atyrau, East Kazakhstan, West Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Kyzylorda, Kostanay, Mangistau, Pavlodar, North Kazakhstan and Turkestan regions was completed and the terrorist threat level was "red". announced the cancellation of the level. The "red" level of terrorist threat and the mode of anti-terrorist operations are maintained in Almaty city, Almaty and Zhambyl regions.
Time of cancellation of the state of emergency:
* January 13, 2022 from 7:00 a.m. in West Kazakhstan, North Kazakhstan and Pavlodar regions;
* January 14 from 18:00 in the city of Shymkent, East Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Turkestan regions;
* January 15 from 7:00 a.m. in Akmola and Kostanay regions;
* January 16 from 7:00 in Aktobe region.
* Starting from 00:00 on January 19, the state of emergency was canceled in the cities of Astana and Almaty and in Almaty, Atyrau, Zhambyl, Kyzylorda, Mangistau regions, that is, all regions of Kazakhstan returned to normal life and restrictive measures were stopped.
### Termination of the service of the MEC Operator
For years, car owners in the country protested against the disposal fee collected by the "Operator of extended obligations of manufacturers" (Russian: Operator ROP) established in 2015, and in 2021 on social networks # The NetUtilSboru movement was born. This company, which may be related to Aliya Nazarbayeva, has collected 691.9 billion tenge from Kazakhstani people over the last five years. After the protests in January 2022, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev made a statement that a private company should not be involved in collecting the utilization fee.
On January 18, 2022, the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan adopted a resolution "On some issues of subordinate organizations of the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan" on the instructions of the President. According to it, the activity of collecting the utilization fee of "OKM Operator" LLP was stopped, and the assets created at its expense were transferred to the state. The functions of administration of extended obligations of producers (ECM) were entrusted to the state organization "Green Development" JSC.
On January 26, it became known that the former Vice Minister of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources Akhmetzhan Pirimkulov and the former chairman of "OKM Operator" LLP Medet Kumargaliyev were arrested for 2 months. On the same day, the body of Ruslan Shamshiev, managing director of "OKM Operator" LLP, who committed suicide, was found in Astana.
## Fate of Nazarbayev and his family
See also: Worship of Nazarbayev's personality
Nursultan Nazarbayev, who held power in his hands for decades, was considered close to him in 2019 Kassym-Jomart handed over the reins of power to Tokayev, but the former president retained his influence on the country's political life. During the events of January 2022, Nazarbayev's failure to appear before the public became a real mystery. According to various rumors, he may retire on the shores of Lake Geneva, China or Dubai. "Nazarbayev is dead" was also suspected. But according to many assumptions, the former president stayed in the capital of Kazakhstan named after him.
Nazarbayev's press secretary announced that the former president, who has been missing since December 28, is in Astana. As it became known later, Nazarbayev handed over the position of Chairman of the Security Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Tokayev. After various rumors spread among the people, the secretary of the President assured that he did it voluntarily. In addition, important allies of the former president began to lose their positions, the government was dismissed. Karim Masimov, the head of the NSC, who headed the government under Nazarbayev, was arrested for "treason" and replaced by a person appointed by Tokayev. All this led to the question of whether there is an underground struggle for power in Kazakhstan. According to some observers, Tokayev took these steps to distance himself from Nazarbayev, who had a bad reputation among the people (the demonstrators chanted "Shal, leave!").
Although Kassym-Jomart Tokayev mentioned Nazarbayev's name and did not directly criticize him in his speeches after the protests, there were signs that the worship of the former president's personality had ended in Kazakhstan. The monument to Nazarbayev, which was toppled during the riots in Taldykorgan, has not been replaced, and the street signs on Nazarbayev Avenue in Almaty, which were removed by the protesters, have not been re-hung. In this situation, the citizens of the country hastened to express their loyalty to Tokayev. "It is clear that Nazarbayev's era is over," Yermukhamet Yertisbayev, who was the former president's adviser for many years, said in his interview with The Guardian.
On January 18, Nursultan Nazarbayev announced his appeal to the people of Kazakhstan. In his speech, he blamed "extremist groups" and "terrorists" for the unrest in the country, and expressed his condolences to those who lost their lives. Calling to support Tokayev, he said that "thanks to his quick decisions, the foundation of the country was not broken." In response to various information published in the media, Nazarbayev reminded that he handed over the reins of power to Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in 2019, said that since then he has retired and is currently resting in the capital of Kazakhstan.
As it became known on January 19, the deputies of the Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan supported the introduction of special amendments to the laws on the "Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan", "The First President - Elbasy", "Security Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan", and appointed Nursultan Nazarbayev to the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan and the Security Council for life. He sent the draft law to the Senate to deprive him of the right to be the chairman. Now it was decided that these bodies will be chaired by the President of Kazakhstan.
In November 2021, Nur Otan chairman Nazarbayev made a statement that the party should be led by the country's president. On January 28, 2022, Kasym-Jomart Tokayev was unanimously elected as the chairman of the party at the extraordinary XXI Congress of the "Nur Otan" party. In his speech at the congress, the head of state said: "Let's pay respect to the historical work of the first President, let's put his achievements and merits in the first place, and let's leave the calculations to the future leaders of the country."
### Members of the Nazarbayev family who lost their positions
* Dimash Dosanov (husband of Aliya Nazarbayev) — his authority as the general director of "KazTransOil" was terminated ahead of time.
* Kairat Sharipbaev (Dariga Nazarbayeva's unofficial husband) — his authority as the chairman of the board of NC "Kazakhgaz" JSC was prematurely terminated.
* Timur Kulybaev (husband of Dinara Nursultanovna Kulybaeva) - terminated his authority as the chairman of the National Chamber of Entrepreneurs "Atameken".
Samat Abish (nephew of Nursultan Nazarbayev) was dismissed from the position of the first deputy chairman of the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
* Dariga Nazarbayeva - Nazarbayev's daughter, who was a Majilis deputy, has not been seen in the Parliament since the beginning of January. According to official information, he was sick with the coronavirus and was resting at home. Later it became known that Dariga Nursultankyna will be on unpaid leave until the end of January. At the Extraordinary Congress of "Nur Otan" held at the end of the month, he was removed from the political council of the party. On February 25, Dariga Nazarbayeva announced the termination of her mandate as a Majilis deputy.
* Berik Imashev - on January 25, Dariga Nazarbayeva's son-in-law was dismissed from the position of chairman of the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
## Chronicle of events
### January 2
* In Zhanaozen, disgruntled residents blocked the highway, demanding a reduction in the price of liquefied natural gas.
* Demonstrators in Mangistau region were told that gas prices will not fall to the previous level.
### January 3
* In the city of Astana, the police detained a group of people who took to the streets in support of the protesters in Zhanaozen. Republic Square and Astana Square in Almaty were closed.
* At the initiative of Prime Minister Askar Mamin, a commission was created to consider the social and economic situation in Mangystau.
* The security of central squares in Shymkent has been strengthened.
* The number of people gathered at the protest event in Zhanaozen reached 3 thousand. The akim of the region, who came to negotiate, Nogaev was chased away by the protesters.
* About a hundred people gathered in the central square of Aktobe.
* Minister of Energy Magzum Myrzagaliyev said that the reason for the increase in the price of liquefied gas was not properly explained to the people. It has been reiterated that the price will not return to its previous state. The price of liquefied gas was to be reduced to 85-90 tenge.
### January 4
* People who demanded a reduction in the price of liquefied gas continued their march in the squares of Zhanaozen and Aktau cities.
* Almaty activists who tried to support the demonstrations that started in Zhanaozen were questioned and arrested.
* Hundreds of workers of the Tengiz oil field held a rally in support of the people of Mankhistau.
* Dozens of people were arrested in the cities of Almaty, Astana, Shymkent and Aktobe.
* It became known that the government commission started negotiating with the disaffected people of Mangistau region.
* Demonstrators from Aktobe broke the police line and headed towards the regional akimat.
* Dissatisfied people who took to the streets in Taraz were arrested together with journalists. On that day, the building of the regional administration and the building of a bank in the city center were damaged, it was reported that more than 10 police cars were destroyed.
* In Aktau, Deputy Prime Minister Yeraly Togzhanov announced that one liter of liquefied gas will cost 50 tenge, but the disgruntled population did not disperse after that.
* About 150 people were arrested in Almaty.
* "Nur Otan" MP Berik Abdigaliyuly demanded the resignation of the government.
* Kassym-Jomart Tokayev called on Twitter "not to listen to the calls of destructive groups that aim to damage the integrity and unity of the country."
* In Atyrau, more than 5,000 residents gathered at the central square of Isatai and Makhambet and expressed their support for the people of Njavozen.
* Several thousand people gathered in Shymkent and showed their support to the people of Nyayozen.
* On the night of January 4-5, Afghan police special forces caught and arrested some of the protesters in Astana.
### January 5
On the morning of January 5, it became known that the President of Kazakhstan accepted the resignation of the Government.
* Kassym-Jomart Tokayev made personnel changes. Murat Nurtileu was appointed as the first deputy chairman of the NSC. Yerlan Karin became the state secretary (instead of Kyrymbek Kosherbayev). Prime Minister Alikhan Smaililov was acting temporarily.
* Special forces used stun grenades and fired rubber bullets at people who marched against high prices near the "Altyn Orda" market in Almaty.
* From January 5 to January 19, it became known that a state of emergency was introduced in Mangistau region and Almaty city.
* The Ministry of Internal Affairs announced that more than 200 people who "violated public order" were arrested in Kazakhstan.
* A state of emergency was also declared in Almaty region.
* Disgruntled people gathered in front of the mayor's office in Aktobe and tried to occupy the mayor's building. The police used tear gas against the protesters.
* The building of the "Nur Otan" party, located near the "Sairan" bus station in Almaty, caught fire.
* At 16:00, a state of emergency was declared in the city of Astana. The curfew was from 23:00 to 07:00.
* In the territory of Kazakhstan, the Internet network has been turned off, and the telephone connection has deteriorated.
* It became known that a group of people occupied Almaty International Airport. After the demonstrators demanded to occupy the Almaty city administration, its building was set on fire.
* Kassym-Jomart Tokayev took over the leadership of the Security Council, which was previously headed by Nursultan Nazarbayev.
* It became known that more than 120 cars were set on fire in Almaty. According to the city police department, 120 shops and commercial establishments, 180 public catering establishments, and about 100 small and medium-sized business offices have been destroyed so far.
* A state of emergency was introduced in all regions of Kazakhstan from January 5 to 19.
### January 6
* Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced that he held a meeting of the Security Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan and asked for help from the leaders of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO).
* Chairman of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan officially confirmed that he will send troops to Kazakhstan.
* Demonstrators in Aktobe declared that they are against calling themselves "terrorists" during negotiations with local authorities.
* On the night of January 6 in Shymkent, a group of people wanted to seize the administration, and a shot was heard. Trading house, ATMs were robbed.
* In Taldykorgan, the mayor's office and the police department fell into the hands of those who took part in the protest, looting began in the city.
* The disgruntled people who came to the streets of Aktau did not disperse and announced their opposition to the arrival of foreign troops. The protesters from Zhanaozen did not disperse either.
* It was reported that shots were fired at the protesters on the Republic Square in Almaty, one person was killed. As a result of the special operation, law enforcement officers returned Almaty airport.
### January 7
* On the morning of January 7, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev held a meeting of the anti-terrorist headquarters, which was attended by the heads of the presidential administration, the Security Council and the security forces.
* Force was used against protesters in Aktobe, and the rally near the regional administration was dispersed. It was known that the disaffected population of Zhezkazgan dispersed voluntarily.
* In a televised address, Tokayev said that he "ordered to open fire without warning" to the militants who attacked Almaty.
It became known that the head of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko discussed the situation in Kazakhstan by phone with Nursultan Nazarbayev.
* The border between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan was closed, and the transfer of Kazakhstanis to the neighboring country was stopped.
### January 8
* Human Rights Watch called on the authorities of Kazakhstan to abandon the "shoot without warning" order.
* It became known that the Chairman of the National Security Committee, Karim Masimov, was arrested on January 6 and imprisoned in a temporary detention center.
* Nazarbayev's press secretary Aidos Ukibay announced that the former president, who has not appeared in public since December 28, is in Astana.
* It became known that the majority of those who marched in Aktau went to their homes and the Yntimaq square was empty.
* US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken made a statement about the entry of the troops of the CSTO into Kazakhstan.
* Most of the people who came to the central square of Zhanaozen to protest dispersed. During the five-day protest, there were no riots, no property was looted.
* The head of the European Union's foreign policy service, Josel Borrell, commented on the situation in Kazakhstan and stated that the EU is ready to help solve the problem peacefully.
* Kassym-Jomart Tokaev announced that January 10 will be the day of national mourning.
* It became known that 4404 people who took part in riots were detained in Kazakhstan until January 8.
### January 9
* Information about the death of 164 people published in official sources was denied by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
* It became known that the Kyrgyz musician Vikram Ruzakhunov, who came to Almaty to perform a concert based on the person shown on the state TV channels as "unemployed who came to participate in the rally for money" is Vikram Ruzakhunov.
* Until January 9, the number of people who took part in riots across the country and were arrested exceeded 5,000.
* President Tokayev awarded state awards to police officers and soldiers (16 people in total) who died during the riots.
### January 10
* January 10 is the day of national mourning.
* The number of people arrested by the Kazakh law enforcement officers has reached 7939.
* Mayor of Almaty Bakytzhan Sagintaev announced that the work of normalizing the life of the city has begun.
* The commandant's office of the city of Almaty announced that the territory of Sayin — Rayymbek — Kariernaya — Zhandosov streets and the territory of Abai — Dostyk — Al-Farabi — Zheltoksan streets had been cleared of criminals. Cleaning of Auezov, Alatau and Medeu districts continued.
* Until January 10, it was known that 7939 people who took part in riots were detained in Kazakhstan.
* The representative of the National Security Committee announced that the situation in the country has stabilized and is under control. It was reported that all occupied administrative facilities in Almaty, Kyzylorda, Taldykorgan and Taraz cities were released, and the security of the most important strategic facilities and places where weapons and ammunition are stored was ensured.
* The online session of the Collective Security Treaty Organization with the participation of the Presidents of Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Belarus, the Prime Minister of Armenia, the Head of the Presidential Administration of Kyrgyzstan and the Secretary General of the CSTO began.
* Kassym-Jomart Tokayev held negotiations with the Chairman of the Council of Europe, Charles Michel.
### January 11
* By January 11, it was known that 9900 people who took part in riots were arrested.
* According to the information of the National Chamber of Entrepreneurs "Atameken", the total amount of damage caused to business during the riots amounted to 95.3 billion tenge.
The Almaty commandant's office announced that the territory of Auezov, Alatau and Medeu districts, the Uzhet district and the territory bordering Almaty International Airport were cleared of criminals.
* Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced at the session of the Majilis that after two days the soldiers of the CSTO will be returned to their countries.
## Reaction of foreign countries and international organizations
### USA
On January 7, US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken did not approve of the introduction of CSTO troops into the country after the riots in Kazakhstan. made a statement about According to him, the authorities of Kazakhstan had the opportunity to maintain order in the country without asking for help from outside and without violating the rights of peaceful demonstrators.
On January 25, the permanent representative of the USA to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Michael Carpenter, expressed his condolences to the families of Kazakhstanis killed during the January events. He called on the authorities of Kazakhstan to ensure the transparency of the investigation and the observance of the necessary legal procedures, as well as to distinguish peaceful protestors from participants in violence and looting, and to ensure due process for all categories of detainees.
### European Union
On January 19, the European Parliament discussed the protests that took place in Kazakhstan. Most of the MEPs who spoke demanded an independent international investigation related to these events, and declared that they do not believe the findings announced by the Kazakh authorities. A number of deputies called for sanctions against Kazakh officials involved in human rights violations. European Commissioner Stella Kyriakides said that the President of Kazakhstan, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, should carry out political reforms and democratize the country.
On January 20, the European Parliament adopted a resolution regarding the January event. 589 of 671 deputies supported it, 35 opposed it, and 47 abstained. The resolution contains a 27-point statement. Among them are requirements such as not persecuting human rights organizations for political reasons, not hindering the peaceful assembly of people, stopping arbitrary detention and torture, imposing personal sanctions on those responsible for crimes against human rights. Tokayev said that this decision was "unjust", he treated it "calmly", and declared that he did not consider it necessary to conduct an international investigation into the events of January.
### Great Britain
Neil Bush, Permanent Representative of Great Britain to the OSCE, expressed his deep concern for the events that took place in Kazakhstan and expressed his condolences to the families of the victims. He condemned the violence and destruction of property and declared that Great Britain is ready to support measures to ensure reforms, security and prosperity in Kazakhstan.
### OSCE
On January 5, after the riots began, the Chairman of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Zbigniew Rau made a statement about the situation in Kazakhstan and called for an end to the conflict and negotiations. On January 10, Zbigniew Rau had a telephone conversation with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Mukhtar Tileuberdi, and asked him to observe the obligations of the OSCE, including the obligations related to human rights.
### Human Rights Watch
On January 7, Human Rights Watch called on the Kazakh authorities to immediately abandon the order to fire without warning. According to the HRW article published on January 26, between January 4 and 6, Kazakhstan's security forces used at least 4 lethal force. For example, 19 injured people and 10 people who may have been killed were identified from the videos taken near the presidential residence in Almaty. In this regard, HRW requested the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the European Union to put pressure on the government of Kazakhstan in order to conduct an independent and impartial investigation into the events of January.
## See also
* December uprising
* Zhanaozen incident (1989)
* Zhanaozen incident (2011)
## Sources
## References
* M. Kayyrtaiuly, A. Zhangkatov. January Uprising. Special report. Azattyk Radio, January 20, 2022.
* "Horrible January. How did the story unfold?" documentary film. Message, January 27, 2022.
* Kopjasar E. Shots fired, spilled blood, destroyed city. Who rioted in January? Channel 31, January 30, 2022.
* Mazorenko D., Kaisar A.. From protest to panic: Kazakhstan's struggle for justice and a better life. Vlast, January 27, 2022.
* Pivovarov A. Why did Kazakhstan explode? Editorial, January 7, 2022. (Russian)
* Pivovarov A. Life in Kazakhstan and its consequences through the eyes of an ordinary citizen. Editorial office, January 13, 2022. (Russian)
* Kazakhstan: Cleaning — Pogroms in Almaty / Report from the place of events. The Ludi, January 15, 2022. (Russian) |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745180 | Cainite | Kainite (from ancient Greek. καινός — "new") is a mineral, a double salt of magnesium and potassium KCl·MgSO4·3H2O. Color — gray, yellow, red. It is used to obtain potassium fertilizers and metal magnesium. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745317 | Anastasia Yurievna Volochkova | Anastasia Yurievna Volochkova (January 20, 1976, Leningrad) is a Russian ballet dancer, dancer and public figure. Honored Artist of the Russian Federation (2002), People's Artist of Karachay-Cherkessia (2006) and North Ossetia-Alania (2007).
Laureate of the Serge Lifar international competition, winner of the Benoit de la Danse prize (2002). He began his ballet career in 1994 at the Mariinsky Theater, and since 1998 he has been working at the Bolshoi Theater. In addition to her dancing career, she tries herself as an actress, model and singer. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745396 | Independent candidate | An independent candidate (self-nominator) is a political figure who participates in elections regardless of any political party.
## Advantages
There are several reasons for a politician to run as an independent candidate:
* Independents can show a centrist attitude among other candidates-representatives of major political parties. Sometimes, on the contrary, they have more extreme views than any major party. Their ideologies may include ideas from both sides of the political spectrum, or they may have their own unique point of view based on issues that are not supported by serious political players.
* An independent politician may be associated with a political party, may be a former member of it, may hold the same beliefs, but do not associate yourself with the brand of that force. Others may belong to or support a political party, but feel that they should not be an official representative of the party and thus not subject to its policies.
* In some countries (eg Kuwait) Political parties are illegal and all candidates act as independents.
In some cases, independent politicians are grouped into special groups of "independents" that are not political parties. In other cases, such politicians are integrated into a political party, the word "independent" may often be used in its name.
## See also
* No party
* Independent voter
* Swing vote
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745387 | Kemelbek Baktyguly Oishibaev | Kemelbek Baktyguly Oishibaev (July 13, 1977, West Kazakhstan region) is a Kazakhstani public figure, since 2023 the Chairman of the Board of Khabar Agency JSC. In 2016-2017, he held the positions of Chairman of the Board of the "Kazakhstan" Television and Radio Corporation, and in 2020-2022, the Vice-Minister of Information and Social Development.
## Education
In 1998, he graduated from the Kazakh National University named after Al-Farabi with the specialty "Journalism", in 2004 from the Kazakh Humanitarian Law University with the specialty "Jurisprudence". In 2016, he received the MBA degree from Geneva Business School (Switzerland).
## Career path
1998-1999 - Correspondent of "Stolichnoe obozrenie" newspaper;
1999-2000 - Press Secretary of the Standardization, Metrology and Certification Committee (State Standard of the KR);
2000-2001 - reporter of "Interfax-Kazakhstan" information agency" LLP;
2001-2007 - Advisor to the President, Executive Director, General Director of "Corporate Sales Directorate" JSC "Kazakhtelecom";
2007-2011 - CEO of "TNS-Plus" LLP;
2011-2014 - Managing Director of "Altyntau Resources" JSC;
2014-2016 - Deputy General Director for Strategic and Commercial Activities, First Deputy General Director of "Kazmedia Center" LLP Management Company;
07.2016-09.2016 - Director of RMC "Central Communications Service";
09.2016-02.2017 - Chairman of the Board of "Kazakhstan" Republican Television and Radio Corporation" JSC;
2017-2019 - Chairman of the Competition Board of "Smartway Systems" LLP;
2019-2020 - Chairman of the Board of KEJSC "Ruhani Zangyru" Kazakh Social Development Institute;
2020-2022 - Vice Minister of Information and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
In March 2022, he was elected Chairman of the "National Media Association" ZTB;
On September 13, 2023, he was appointed as the Chairman of the Board of "Khabar" Agency" JSC.
## Awards
Order of "Honor" - 2021
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745286 | List of characters from the TV series "Game of Thrones". | The characters of the TV series Game of Thrones are based on the corresponding characters of the series of novels A Song of Fire and Ice by George Martin. The novel describes a civil war between various characters in a fantasy world vying for the Iron Throne.
## Character Overview
= Main character in the season = Supporting character in the season = Guest role in the season = Also starring = Supporting role played by another actor = Not in the season
\ <>
### Main Characters
### Minor Characters
### Guest Cast
## Links
* "Game of Thrones" Archived on August 5, 2016 at Kinostan.
* Making Game of Thrones Archived June 2, 2016. Official website for the production of the series (English) Official Dothraki site Archived July 15, 2015. (eng.)
* Making Game of Thrones Archived June 2, 2016., Official site about the production of the series (eng.)
* Official site for the Dothraki language Archived July 15, 2015. (eng.) |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745354 | Kalak batyr | Kalak batyr (XVII century) is a Kazakh batyr. He came from the Argyn - Karaul - Kyldy clan. Born and raised in Zerendi district, Akmola region. Kusep was buried in the village.
Kalak batyr is a brave warrior who proved himself in the battle against Dzungar, who defended his homeland at the beginning of the 17th century. He participated in the first battle against Dzhongar. Despite the large number of the enemy, thanks to the coordinated military actions of Kalak Batyr, his army was able to resist the enemy. After this battle, the name of Kalak Batyr became known throughout the Kazakh steppe. Stories about his bravery spread from mouth to mouth, and the younger generation wanted to be like Kalak batyr.
## History
In the 30s of the 17th century, the scattered Oirat tribes united into a single state and founded the Dzungar Khanate. The strengthening of the foreign policy of the Oirats in Kazakhstan and Central Asia strained Kazakh-Dzungar relations and led to frequent military conflicts. The struggle against the Dzungars was led by Salkam Dzhangir Khan (1629–1680), the son of Esim Khan. In 1635, Jangir Khan was defeated in one of the battles and captured. Zhangir, who was in captivity for several years, was released after a mutual peace and returned to the Kazakh steppe. After that, Dzhangir becomes an irreconcilable enemy with Dzhungars. The warrior Kalmyks considered the Kazakhs as their enemies from time immemorial. They made a habit of attacking the Kazakhs in early spring, they had not yet gone out to the pastures and had not united. Having learned about this, Jangir Khan sent nine young men led by Kalak Batyr to explore the enemy's country. After being on the road for several days, the warriors reach the camp of the Kalmaks on a moonless night - they kidnap one of the enemy commanders (thousands). In modern parlance, they acquire "the language". After this operation performed by Khan's light hand, the group is called "Iron Nine of the Blade".
Khan Zhangir and his companions, who learned from the prisoner the design of the enemy and his route, decided to use special battle tactics for nomads to meet him when he approached his native place.
It happened like this: in the spring of 1643, Erdeni Batur, the Dzhongar khuntai, went on a campaign to the Kazakh lands with a large army. Dzhangir Khan and his soldiers dug deep into the gorge of the Orbulak River of Dzungar Alatau and waited in ambush until the arrival of the main forces of the Kazakhs. Half of the warriors formed a pile on the road, and the rest spread out on the rocks, thus preparing an ambush for the Dzonghars. When the unsuspecting Dzonghars entered the gorge, they were first pelted with stones, and then, taking advantage of the panic, shot them from behind with guns. In this battle, Kazakhs used firearms (guns) for the first time. The Dzonghars, who were waiting for such events, could not resist. During this battle, the Dzungars lost about 10,000 soldiers and had to retreat with a force of 20,000 people due to the attack of the Jalangtos Batyr troops from Samarkand.
## Memory of Kalak Batyr
Today, his grave is located on Kalak Mountain in the north of Kokshetau, in the land of Aigyrzhal. This sacred place has become a symbol of strength and resistance for many generations of Kazakhs, reminding them of the heroic past and the importance of protecting their culture and traditions. In the village of Kusep, Zerendi district, Akmola region, the burial of the shovel hero became not only a place of remembrance, but also a symbol of sacred connection with the past, inspiring future generations to further defend and protect their land.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745395 | Party list | Party list (legally: unified electoral district) is a list of candidates from one party or another electoral association in elections to representative authorities held according to the proportional system. The principles of formation and presentation of the list are determined by the legislation of the respective states, charters of electoral associations and other factors. The order of placement of candidates in the list also determines the distribution of the seats won by the party in the representative body.
## Typology
According to the results of the election, the seats among the candidates are divided according to the number of votes in the party list. Depending on the method of determining the given order, several types of lists are divided. There are two main types. A closed list is the most common type, in which a voter votes for one of the proposed lists. Each of the parties participating in the election places its candidates in the party list in the order of preference.
However, in some countries the voter may influence the allocation of seats on the selected list to some extent. A list in which a voter can choose one or more preferred candidates is called an open list. To determine the number of seats won by a party, the total number of votes for all its candidates is added, and the serial number of each individual candidate is determined by the will of the voters. The actual implementation of this principle varies from country to country and depends on the adopted voting method. A voter may be given the right to choose an entire list or his own candidate (Belgium, Denmark), several candidates from the same list (Italy), or even candidates from different lists. Cumulative voting is possible on open lists in Luxembourg and Switzerland.
A hybrid version is adopted in a number of Latin American countries, in Spanish ley de lemas, in which parties are given the right to put up several closed lists on their behalf, the results of which are combined when allocating seats among parties, but are taken into account separately when determining the candidates who will occupy them. That is, as in the open list, the voter can express his wishes directly. Under such a system, elections for individual positions (mayor, governor elections) can be held, which is the reason for its criticism.
## Sources
## External Links
* PARTY LIST |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745346 | Yitzhak Herzog | Yitzhak "Buji" Herzog (Hebrew: יצחק הרצוג; September 22, 1960, Tel Aviv, Israel) is an Israeli statesman, a supporter of a peaceful settlement of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict based on the principle of "two states for two peoples". He served as Chairman of the Labor Party, Leader of the Opposition in the Knesset, and Minister of Social Security. On June 2, 2021, he was elected president of Israel and took office on July 7.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745384 | Chemical energy | Chemical energy is the potential of a substance that transforms or transforms other substances in a chemical reaction. The formation or disintegration of chemical bonds is accompanied by the release of energy (exothermic reaction) or absorption (endothermic reaction). In popular literature, the term chemical energy often refers to the energy released as a result of an exothermic reaction of a substance or mixture of substances.
In chemical thermodynamics, the term chemical potential is used.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745256 | Ksenia Anatolievna Sobchak | Ksenia Anatolievna Sobchak (November 5, 1981, Leningrad, RKFSR, USSR) is a Russian journalist, screenwriter, film producer and public figure. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745209 | Sergey Evgenievich Tsivilyov | Sergey Evgenyevich Tsivilev (September 21, 1961, Zhdanov, Stalin Region, Ukrainian SSR, USSR) is a Russian statesman and politician, businessman. Minister of Energy of Russia since May 14, 2024. Member of the Bureau of the Supreme Council of the United Russia political party.
In 2018-2024, he was the governor of Kemerovo region - Kuzbass before being appointed to the position of Minister of Energy. Due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, it was subjected to international sanctions by the EU, USA, Great Britain, Ukraine, Switzerland and other countries.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745397 | US presidential primaries | Presidential primaries in the United States are the primary presidential election institution that has been operating since 1842 and is held at the state level, based on the results of which delegates are sent to the national party convention, which is supposed to determine a single party candidate for the presidency. A more common form of delegate selection than traditional caucuses. In a general sense, it is a set of all primary election events before the presidential election (including primaries and caucuses).
## Personal meaning: the primaries themselves
Initial presidential primary elections (eng. presidential primary elections) or primaries (eng. primaries), in the USA - a party to participate in the main presidential election candidate selection institute. Unlike the alternative mechanism of caucuses, primaries are direct secret elections held at the state level. Each state determines the form of voting. The institution of primaries was originally introduced to limit the influence of local party leaders, and in the 20th century, most states with primaries replaced caucuses.
In terms of the degree of restriction of access to voting, the most common primaries are closed (in which only registered party members participate) and open (in which all interested parties can participate, regardless of party affiliation). At the same time, in both cases, every resident of the state can participate in the primaries of only one party, but there are general primaries (English blanket primaries), which allow voters to choose candidates of two parties. The national party committee may not recognize the voting results if the primaries of one of the parties may involve supporters of another party.
## General meaning: a combination of primaries and caucuses
The primaries in different states differ in the way they draw ballots. In the first case, voters may be presented with a list of potential presidential candidates. In the second case, they may be asked to choose delegates to the national convention who support one of the candidates or have no particular inclination.
The concept of primaries or primary elections can be used in the broadest sense of the word, which means a set of primaries and caucuses. Primary elections are held every four years, with a primary presidential election every other year. The official representative of each party in the main elections held in November will be determined at the end of the summer - based on the results of the national party congress. the number of delegates supporting one or another candidate for the national convention is directly related to the amount of support received in state primaries and caucuses.
Voting in the states lasts from January to June, but usually the winner is decided in the middle of this period. However, theoretically, by the end of the primaries, there could be no single candidate: after that, the vote in the national congress will be decisive. However, this has never happened since the 1970s.
Initial voting results are binding and may be "advisory". If in the first case the elected delegates are obliged to give their votes to a specific candidate at the National Convention, in the second they can decide independently, and the preferences expressed by the voters have only an advisory value for the delegate (see superdelegates).
Results of primaries and caucuses can be determined in different ways. Democrats are always guided by the principle of proportionality: the share of state delegates representing different candidates corresponds to the share of votes received by these candidates. Republicans allow the states to decide which principle to use: proportional or majoritarian. In the second case, all of the state's delegates support the candidate who received the most votes in that state.
## Primary Election Calendar and "Super Tuesday"
Although the number of delegates representing a state at the National Party Convention is directly proportional to its population, in some small states that vote early in the year: in particular, in Iowa, where the first caucuses were held, and in New Hampshire, the first primary state, the primaries were especially important. Voting in these states attracts press attention, candidates campaign for them, and the outcome of the primary can further influence the outcome of the primary.
Since the 1970s, many states have tried to increase the importance of their primaries by moving them closer to the beginning of the year. Trying to avoid the imbalance that appeared in the election calendar, the parties set different Sanctions for the states that held the primaries before a certain month - the first of March and then in February.
As a result, in the 1980s, a phenomenon called "Super Tuesday" (English. Super Tuesday) appeared - the first Tuesday of February, primary elections are held in many states at the same time. In 2008, Super Tuesday (Feb. 5) covered a record portion of the country, with more than 20 states holding primaries and caucuses, with 52 percent of Democratic delegates and 41 percent of Republican delegates assigned. To emphasize the meaning of "super-Tuesday"-2008, it is also called "Super-Duper Tuesday".
The national committees of both major parties imposed various sanctions against early primaries before the 2008 election. Republicans have halved the number of delegates from all primary states (Wyoming, New Hampshire, Michigan, Florida, South Carolina) by February 5. The Democrats refused to accept delegates from Michigan and Florida who would vote against the ban at the national convention.
## See also
* Party internal elections
## Sources
## External links
\< > * BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE US PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION PROCESS |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745377 | Karim Nasbekuly Kokirekbaev | Karim Nasbekuly Kokirekbaev (July 28, 1957, Shu district, Zhambyl region, Kazakh SSR) is a Kazakh public figure, the first deputy akim of Zhambyl region (2009-2013) and akim (2013-2018). Candidate of Economic Sciences and Honored Railroad Worker.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745400 | Party internal elections | Party internal election (also "primary" English. primaries, kt. — initials ← English. primary elections — preliminary election, preliminary voting) — election of a single candidate from a political party, in the case of "general primaries" — a single candidate from many parties. The winner of the internal party election then competes against candidates from other parties during the primary election. The point of internal party elections is that candidates of the same party should not "take votes" from each other in the primary election, because their voters are usually close. Losers sometimes run for primary elections, but without the support of their party as independent candidates.
Party internal elections are open when anyone can vote, and closed when only members of the party holding the primary are eligible to vote. In addition, there are many intermediate versions. Sometimes the two candidates with the most votes in the election participate in the second round.
Internal party elections are often held in the USA, rarely in other countries.
## USA
See also: Presidential primaries in the USA
The first party internal elections were held in 1842 in the USA. In 1901, Florida held its first primary, and that year the concept became legal. Before that, candidates were selected at party councils and congresses. Often as a result of backroom negotiations. However, after the First World War, the practice of advance voting was reduced - A. By 1936, Ware estimated that only nine states had early voting. Later, early voting began to be held in many states.
Various voting systems and multi-stage schemes are used during vote counting. In 11 US states, caucuses are held instead of primary voting, but party conferences or party referenda.
## Other countries
Early voting is held in Latin America and some European countries. In Argentina and Uruguay, early voting is mandatory for all political parties[1]. At the same time, in Argentina, voters are required to participate in advance voting, otherwise they will be fined (as of 2016). In the 2010s, non-partisan early voting was also held by some political parties in the UK, Canada and France.
## Sources
## External links
* INTERNAL PARTY ELECTION |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745423 | Akmola (meaning) | The word Akmola can have the following meanings:
* Akmola are monuments made of whiter stone.
* Akmola is the name of Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan in 1992-1998.
* Akmola is the name of Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport in Astana in 1992-1998.
* Akmola is the name of the Astana railway station in the city of Astana in 1994-2001.
* Akmola is an encyclopedic publication for the Akmola region.
* Akmola is the former name of the football club in the city of Stepnogorsk.
* Akmola is the former name of the football club in the city of Kokshetau.
* Akmola is a winter town in Kyzylkoga district of Atyrau region.
## See also
* Akmola region
* Akmola province
* Akmola district
* Akmola bauxite district
* Akmola region (Russian Empire) |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745422 | Ermaganbet Kabdulauly Bolekpaev | Ermaganbet Kabdulauly Bolekpaev (September 2, 1975, Karaganda region, Shet district, Uspen village) is a Kazakhstani public figure, the mayor of Karaganda region since December 8, 2022. He was the mayor of Karaganda in 2020-2022.
## Education
In 1996 E.A. He graduated from the Faculty of Economics of Karaganda State University named after Boketov.
## Career
He started his career in 1996 as an economist at the Temirtau branch of Kazkommertsbank JSC.
since 1998 in public service. He worked as a chief specialist of the Department of Export Control and Licensing in the Ministry of Industry, Energy and Trade.
In 2002, he became the deputy head of this department.
In 2006, deputy head of the akim's office of Pavlodar region.
From 2006 to 2008, he was the akim of Pavlodar district of Pavlodar region.
From 2008 to 2009, he headed the Department of Entrepreneurship and Industry of Pavlodar region.
He held the position of the head of the territorial administration of the State Service Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the Karaganda, South Kazakhstan regions and the city of Nur-Sultan, and the chairman of the disciplinary council.
From 2013 to 2018, he was the mayor of Saryarka, Almaty and Esil districts in Astana.
In 2018, he was appointed as a state inspector of the Administration of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. From 2018 to 2020, he served as deputy akim of Karaganda region. From September 2020 to December 2022, he served as the mayor of Karaganda.
Appointed as akim of Karaganda region from December 8, 2022.
## Awards
Awarded the Order of "Honor" and the medal "For Merit".
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745246 | Daniel Bennett Smith | Daniel Bennett Smith, sometimes Dan Smith (English: Daniel Bennett Smith; March 6, 1956, Redwood City, California, USA) is a US statesman, director of the Foreign Service Institute and former acting US Secretary of State.
He has served as a career ambassador since September 2018, and before that he served as the Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research at the State Department, a position he assumed on January 24, 2014. He started in April .He is considered a veteran of the US diplomatic community.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745399 | Асфальтит | Asphaltite is a hard bitumen with a melting point above 100 °C. 70-96% consists of resinous stones, density 1-1.2 g/cm3. It is formed by anaerobic oxidation of oil and further changes under the influence of oxygen dissolved in water. Oil accumulates in layers in places where it comes out. It is used in the production of insulating coatings and glue.
Asphaltites are divided into 2 subclasses: gilsonites and gramites. Gilsonites (named after their producer's surname) contain more hydrogen and are therefore lighter (density 1-1.15 g/cm3) and melt at lower temperatures without much decomposition. Gramites (named after the entrepreneurs who developed them) are heavier, hard to melt, swell during melting; brittle, break uneven.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745437 | Apple Music | Apple Music is Apple Inc.'s music and video streaming service. service. Users can choose the music they want to listen to on their device or listen to an existing playlist. The service was introduced on June 8, 2015 and launched on June 30, 2015. New subscribers get a one-month free or six-month free trial before the service requires a monthly subscription.
## External links
* music.apple.com is the official website of Apple Music |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745433 | Olympic swimming | Swimming competitions were held at all Olympic Games.
In the first modern Olympics, swimming competitions were held exclusively among men. Since 1912, competitions among women were also held. In 2021, as a separate discipline, men and women swim together, i.e. mixed relay.
Last time, 37 sets of swimming medals were evaluated.
## Competitions
### Men
### Women
### Mixed
## Participation of Kazakhstani athletes
Representing Kazakhstan in the Olympic Games in 1996 — 7 athletes, in 2000 — 8 athletes, in 2004 — 11 athletes, in 2008 — 12 athletes, 2012 in 2016 — 3 athletes, in 2021 — 1 athlete, in 2024 — 2 athletes participated.
Kazakhstan athletes won 1 medal in this sport:
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745450 | S. Park named after Seifullin | S. Park named after Seifullin is a park in the city of Almaty. The area is 18 hectares.
There is a fountain, a skate drome, and playgrounds for children.
The park is not located on Seifullin Avenue, but it is very close to it. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745415 | Amateur | flight attendant (also, a flight attendant) is a specialist in the crew of an aircraft whose service is related to the safety and comfort of passengers.
The amateur profession has 3 categories. The third category is elementary, and the first is the highest category. The number of hours in travel must be high for promotion.
The first flight attendant in the world is Ellen Church. He made his first trip in 1930. The service performed by Ellen and 8 flight attendants who were hired by the "Boeing" company is no less, if not more, than the service of today's flight attendants. In addition, the flight attendants weighed passengers and their luggage, helped to refuel the plane and place it in the parking lot. Previously, flight attendants had to be 160 cm tall and 50 kg in weight. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745388 | Musabek Dhanbekovich Alimbekov | Alimbekov Musabek Dzhonbekuly (January 4, 1954, Zhambyl region, Merken district, Kazakh SSR, USSR) is a Kazakh and Soviet statesman. Chairman of the Supreme Court of Kazakhstan (2009–2011) and presenter (2011). Senior Justice Counsel.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745376 | Administrative departments of Kazakhstan | The board is a state institution formed by the cities of republican significance (Astana, Almaty, Shymkent) and regional akimats in Kazakhstan. They are financed from the local budget and carry out separate state management and self-management functions authorized by the regional administration.
## Almaty city
* Department of Education
* Department of Public Health
* Department of Religious Affairs
* Department of Labor Inspection
* Youth Department of Policy
* Department of Land Relations
* Department of Employment and Social Programs
* Department of Entrepreneurship and Investments
* Department of Communal Infrastructure Development
* Department of Urban Development Control
* Urban Planning and Department of Urban Planning
* Department of Urban Mobility
* Department of Finance
* Department of Public Development
* Department of Development of Public Spaces
* Department of Construction
* Department of Culture
* Department of State Assets \ <> * Department of Seismic Safety and Mobilization Preparedness
* Department of Sports
* Department of Tourism
* Department of Digitalization
* Department of Ecology and Environment
* Department of Economy
* Energy and Water Supply administration
## Astana city
* Administration of Assets and State Procurement
* Administration of Education
* Administration of Physical Education and Sports
* Administration of Religious Affairs
* Department of Youth Policy Issues
* Department of Mobilization Preparation and Territorial Defense
* Department of Employment and Social Protection
* Department of Investments and Entrepreneurship Development
* Department of Public Utilities
* Transport and Traffic Department of Infrastructure Development
* Department of Urban Environmental Quality and Control
* Department of Finance
* Department of Public Health
* Department of Environmental Protection and Nature Use
* Department of Construction
* Architecture, Department of Urban Planning and Land Relations
* Department of Culture
* Department of Housing and Housing Inspection
* Department of Language Development and Archives
* Department of Digitization and Public Service
* Department of Internal Policy \ <> * Department of Economy and Budget Planning
* Department of Energy
## Shymkent city
* Department of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
* Department of Education
* Physical Education and Sports Administration
* Administration of Health
* Administration of Religious Affairs
* Administration of Passenger Transport and Highways
* Administration of Mobilization, Territorial and Civil Defense
* Administration of Employment and Social Protection
* Department of Entrepreneurship and Industrial-Innovative Development
* Department of Urban Environment Development
* Department of Quality and Control of Urban Environment
* Department of Finance
* Department of Construction
* Department of Culture, Language Development and Archives
* Department of State Labor Inspection
* Department of Public Procurement
* Department of Architecture, Urban Planning and Land Relations
* Department of Tourism, External Relations and Creative Industries
* Department of Housing
* Department of Digitization
* Department of Internal Policy and Youth Affairs
* Department of Economy and Budget Planning
* Department of Energy and Infrastructure Development
## Abai Oblast
* Village Department of Agriculture
* Department of Control
* Department of Education
* Department of Veterinary Medicine
* Department of Physical Education and Sports
* Department of Health Care
* Department of Religious Affairs
* Passenger Transport and Department of Highways
* Department of Mobilization Training and Civil Protection
* Department of Coordination of Employment and Social Programs
* Department of Entrepreneurship and Industrial-Innovative Development
* Department of Finance
* Department of Construction
* Department of Culture, Language Development and Archives
Department of Public Procurement
* Department of Architecture, Urban Planning and Land Relations
* Department of Natural Resources and Natural Use Regulation
* Department of Digital Technologies
* Department of Internal Policy
* Economy and Budget Planning Department
* Department of Energy and Housing and Utilities
## Akmola Oblast
* Department of Agriculture and Land Relations
* Department of Education
* Department of Veterinary Medicine \< > * Department of Physical Education and Sports
* Department of Health
* Department of Religious Affairs
* Department of Labor Inspection
* Department of Passenger Transport and Highways
* Department of Coordination of Employment and Social Programs
* Department of Entrepreneurship and Industry
* Department of Finance
* Department of Construction, Architecture and Urban Planning
* Department of Culture
* Department of State Procurement and Communal Property
* State Architecture and Construction Department of Control
* Department of Natural Resources and Nature Use Regulation
* Department of Tourism
* Department of Digitization and Archives
* Department of Internal Policy
* Department of Economy and Budget Planning
* Energy and Housing Department of Household and Communal Economy
## Aktobe Oblast
* Department of Agriculture
* Department of Education
* Department of Veterinary Medicine
* Department of Physical Education and Sports
* Department of Health
* Department of Religious Affairs
* Department of Labor Inspection
* Department of Youth Policy
* Department of Land Relations
* Department of Passenger Transport and Highways
* Mobilization Preparation, Department of Territorial Defense and Civil Defense
* Department of Employment Coordination and Social Programs
* Department of Industrial and Innovative Development
* Department of Entrepreneurship
* Department of Finance
* Department of Construction, Architecture and Urban Planning \ <> * Department of Culture, Archives and Documentation
* Department of State Procurement
* Department of State Architecture and Construction Control
* Department of Natural Resources and Nature Use Regulation
* Department of Language Development
* Digital Department of Technologies
* Department of Internal Policy
* Department of Economy and Budget Planning
* Department of Energy and Housing and Utilities
## Almaty Oblast
* Department of Agriculture
* Department of Education
* Department of Veterinary Medicine
* Department of Physical Education and Sports
* Department of Health Care
* Department of Religious Affairs
* Department of Labor Inspection
* Issues of Youth Policy Administration
* Administration of Land Relations
* Administration of Passenger Transport and Highways
* Administration of Mobilization Preparation
* Administration of Employment Coordination and Social Programs
* Administration of Entrepreneurship and Industrial-Innovative Development \< > * Department of Finance
* Department of Construction
* Department of Culture, Archives and Documentation
* Department of State Procurement
* Department of State Architecture and Construction Control
* Department of Architecture and Urban Planning
* Department of Natural Resources and Nature Use Regulation
* Department of Tourism
* Department of Language Development
* Department of Digital Technologies
* Department of Internal Policy
* Department of Economy and Budget Planning
* Energy and Department of Housing and Communal Management
## Atyrau Oblast
* Department of Agriculture and Land Relations
* Department of Fisheries
* Department of Education
* Physical Education , Sports and Tourism Administration
* Health Administration
* Religious Affairs Administration
* Passenger Transport and Highway Administration
* Mobilization Training and Civil Defense Administration
* Employment Coordination and Social Programs Administration
* Department of Entrepreneurship and Industry
* Department of Construction, Architecture and Urban Planning
Department of Culture and Language Development
* Department of State Labor Inspection
* Department of State Procurement and Communal Property
* Department of State Architecture and Construction Control
* Department of Regulation of Natural Resources and Nature Use
* Department of Digitization and Archives
* Department of Internal Policy
* Department of Economy and Finance
* Department of Energy and Housing and Utilities
## West Kazakhstan Region
* Village Department of Agriculture
* Department of Education
* Department of Veterinary Medicine
* Department of Physical Education and Sports
* Department of Health Care
* Department of Religious Affairs
* Department of Labor Inspection
* Land Relations Department
* Department of Passenger Transport and Highways
* Department of Mobilization Training and Civil Defense
* Department of Employment Coordination and Social Programs
* Department of Entrepreneurship and Industrial-Innovative Development
* Department of Finance
* Department of Public Development
* Department of Construction
* Department of Culture, Language Development and Archives
* Department of State Procurement and Communal Property
* Department of State Architecture and Construction Control
* Department of Strategy and Economic Development
* Department of Natural Resources and Nature Use Regulation
* Department of Digital Technologies
* Department of Energy and Housing and Utilities
## Zhambyl Oblast
\< > * Department of Information and Social Development
* Department of Agriculture
* Department of Education
* Department of Veterinary Medicine
* Department of Physical Education and Sports
* Department of Health
* Department of Religious Affairs \ <> * Department of Labor Inspection
* Department of Land Relations
* Department of Passenger Transport and Highways
* Department of Employment Coordination and Social Programs
* Department of Entrepreneurship and Industrial-Innovative Development
* Finance Administration
* Administration of Construction
* Administration of Culture and Language Development
* Administration of State Procurement
* Administration of State Architecture and Construction Control
* Administration of Architecture and Urban Planning
* Natural Resources and Department of Regulation of Nature Use
* Department of Digitization and Archives
* Department of Economy and Budget Planning
* Department of Energy and Housing and Utilities
## Zhetysu Oblast
* Department of Agriculture
* Department of Education
* Department of Veterinary Medicine
* Department of Physical Education and Sports
* Department of Health
* Department of Religious Affairs
* Department of Labor Inspection
* Department of Land Relations
* Department of Passenger Transport and Highways
* Department of Mobilization Preparation
* Department of Employment Coordination and Social Programs
* Department of Entrepreneurship and Industrial-Innovative Development
* Department of Finance \< > * Department of Public Development
* Department of Construction
* Department of Culture, Archives and Documentation
* Department of State Procurement
* Department of State Architecture and Construction Control
* Department of Architecture and Urban Construction
* Department of Natural Resources and Nature Use Regulation
* Department of Digital Technologies
* Department of Economy and Budget Planning
* Department of Energy and Housing and Utilities
## Karaganda Region
\ <> * Department of Informatization, State Services and Archives
* Department of Agriculture
* Department of Education
* Department of Veterinary Medicine
* Department of Physical Education and Sports
* Department of Health Care
* Department of Religious Affairs
* Department of Labor Inspection
* Department of Youth Policy
* Department of Land Relations
* Department of Passenger Transport and Highways
* Department of Mobilization Preparation
* Employment Department of coordination and social programs
* Department of Entrepreneurship
* Department of Finance
* Department of Construction, Architecture and Urban Planning
Department of Culture, Archives and Documentation
* Department of State Procurement
* Department of State Architecture and Construction Control
* Department of Industry and Industrial-Innovative Development
* Department of Natural Resources and Nature Use Regulation
* Department for language development
* Department of internal policy
* Department of economy
* Department of energy and housing and utilities
## Kostanay region
* Information, state administration of services and archives
* Administration of agriculture and land relations
* Administration of education
* Administration of veterinary medicine
* Administration of physical education and sports
* Administration of health care
* Religious affairs Department
* Department of Labor Inspection
* Department of Passenger Transport and Highways
* Department of Mobilization, Territorial Defense and Civil Protection
* Department of Employment Coordination and Social Programs
* Entrepreneurship and Industry -innovative development department
* Finance department
* Social development department
* Construction, architecture and urban planning department
* Culture department
* State procurement department
* State architecture and construction Department of Control
* Department of Natural Resources and Nature Use Regulation
* Department of Economy and Budget Planning
* Department of Energy and Housing and Utilities
## Kyzylorda Oblast
* Department of Agriculture and Land Relations
* Department of Control
* Department of Education
* Department of Veterinary Medicine
* Department of Physical Education, Sports and Tourism
* Department of Health
* Religious Affairs Administration
* Administration of Passenger Transport and Highways
* Administration of Mobilization Preparation
* Administration of Employment Coordination and Social Programs
* Administration of Entrepreneurship and Industry
* Administration of Finance
* Administration of Social Development
* Department of Construction, Architecture and Urban Planning
* Department of Culture, Archives and Documentation
* Department of State Procurement
* Department of Natural Resources and Nature Use Regulation
* Department of Economy and Finance \< > * Department of Energy and Housing and Utilities
## Mangistau Oblast
* Department of Agriculture
* Department of Fisheries
* Department of Education
* Physical Education and Department of Sports
* Department of Health
* Department of Religious Affairs
* Department of Youth Policy
* Department of Land Relations
* Department of Passenger Transport and Highways
* Mobilization Training and Civil Department of Protection
* Department of Employment Coordination and Social Programs
* Department of Industrial and Innovative Development
* Department of Entrepreneurship and Trade
* Department of Finance
* Department of Construction, Architecture and Urban Planning
* Department of Culture, Language Development and Archives
* Department of State Labor Inspection
* Department of State Architecture and Construction Control
* Department of Natural Resources and Nature Use Regulation
* Department of Tourism
* Digital Technologies Department
* Department of Internal Policy
* Department of Economy and Budget Planning
* Department of Energy and Housing and Utilities
## Pavlodar Oblast
* Information and Social Development Department
* Department of Agriculture
* Department of Education
* Department of Veterinary Medicine
* Department of Physical Education and Sports
* Department of Health Care
* Department of Religious Affairs
* Department of Labor \ <> * Administration of Land Relations
* Administration of Subsoil Use, Environment and Water Resources
* Administration of Passenger Transportation and Highways
* Administration of Mobilization Preparedness and Civil Defense
* Employment Coordination and Social Programs Department
* Department of Entrepreneurship and Industrial-Innovative Development
* Department of Finance
Department of Construction
* Department of Culture, Language Development and Archives
* Department of State Procurement
* Department of State Architecture and Construction Control
* Department of Architecture and Urban Planning
* Department of Digital Technologies \ <> * Department of Economy and Budget Planning
* Department of Energy and Housing and Utilities
## North Kazakhstan Region
* Department of Agriculture and Land Relations
* Department of Education
* Department of Veterinary Medicine
* Department of Physical Education and Sports
* Department of Health
* Department of Religious Affairs
* Department of Passenger Transport and Highways
* Department of Employment Coordination and Social Programs
* Department of Entrepreneurship and Industrial-Innovative Development
* Department of Finance
* Department of Construction, Architecture and Urban Planning
* Department of Culture, Language Development and Archives
* Department of State Labor Inspection
> * Department of State Procurement
* Department of State Architecture and Construction Control and Licensing
* Department of Natural Resources and Nature Use Regulation
* Department of Digital Technologies
* Department of Internal Policy
* Department of Economy \ <> * Department of Energy and Housing
## Turkestan Region
* Department of Agriculture
* Department of Veterinary Medicine
* Department of Control
* Department of Education
* Department of physical education and sports
* Department of health care
* Department of religious affairs
* Department of land relations
* Department of passenger transport and highways
* Mobilization training, territorial defense and Department of Civil Defense
* Department of Employment Coordination and Social Programs
* Department of Entrepreneurship and Industry
* Department of Finance and State Assets
* Department of Public Development
* Department of Construction
* Department of Culture
* Department of Public Procurement
* Department of Architecture and Urban Planning
* Department of Natural Resources and Natural Use Regulation
* Department of Tourism
* Department of Digitization, Public Services and Archives
* Department of Economy and Budget Planning
* Department of Energy and Housing and Utilities
## Ulytau Oblast
* Department of Agriculture and Land Relations
* Department of Veterinary Medicine
* Department of Education
* Department of Physical Education and Sports
* Department of Health
* Department of Religious Affairs
* Department of Labor Inspection
* Department of Passenger Transport and Highways
* Coordination of Employment and Social Programs Department
* Entrepreneurship and Industry Department
* Financial Department
* Social Development Department
* Construction, Architecture and Urban Planning Department
* Culture, Language Development and Archives Department \< > * Department of State Procurement
* Department of State Architecture and Construction Control
* Department of Natural Resources and Nature Use Regulation
* Department of Digital Technologies
* Department of Economy
* Energy and Housing and Utilities Department of Economy
## East Kazakhstan Oblast
* Department of Agriculture
* Department of Education
* Department of Physical Education and Sports
* Department of Health Care
* Religion Department of Affairs
* Department of Land Relations
* Department of Passenger Transport and Highways
* Department of Mobilization, Territorial Defense and Civil Protection
* Department of Coordination of Employment and Social Programs
* Entrepreneurship and Industry -innovative development department
* Finance department
* Construction, architecture and urban planning department
* Culture department
* State labor inspection department
* State procurement department
* State architecture- Department of construction control
* Department of regulation of natural resources and nature use
Department of Digitization and Archives
* Department of Internal Policy
* Department of Economy and Budget Planning
* Department of Energy and Housing and Utilities
## Departments
Department — It is a state institution established by regional administrations of cities and districts of Kazakhstan. They are financed from the local budget and carry out separate state management and self-management functions authorized by the akim on the territory of the district (city).
District (city) education departments will be subordinated to regional education departments from 2021.
Most of the listed departments are combined with other departments in different parts of Kazakhstan:
* Department of Agriculture
* Department of Education
* Department of Physical Education and Sports
* Department of Land Relations \< > * Department of passenger transport and highways
* Department of employment and social programs
* Department of entrepreneurship
* Department of finance
* Department of construction
* Department of culture
* Architecture and urban planning Department
* Department of Housing Inspection
* Department of Housing and Utilities
* Department of Language Development
* Department of Internal Policy
* Department of Economics and Budget Planning
* Department of Veterinary Medicine (only in the territory of the North Kazakhstan region)
* Social development department (only in the territory of Kyzylorda region)
* State assets and procurement department (State procurement department)
* Industry department
* Tourism department
* Department of housing relations
## See also
* Mayor
* Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
* Committees of Kazakhstan
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745438 | Quality assurance committee in the field of education of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan | Committee for quality assurance in the field of education of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan — in the field of preschool education and training, primary, basic secondary, general secondary, technical and professional, post-secondary educational levels, additional education, protection of the rights of children and teachers, Kazakhstan Department of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which carries out implementation and control functions related to the activity of compliance with the requirements of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of education.
## History
It was established as a result of the reorganization of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan by the resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan on January 16, 2001. The Higher Attestation (certification) Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan was changed to the Supervision and Certification Committee in the field of Education and Science in 2004, the Control Committee in the field of Education and Science in 2007, and the Quality Assurance Committee in the field of Education and Science in 2019. In 2022, the committee was divided into the Committee for Quality Assurance in the Field of Science and Higher Education of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Committee for Quality Assurance in the Field of Education of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
## Obligations
* participation in the formation and implementation of a unified state policy in the field of preschool education and training, secondary, technical and professional, post-secondary education
* education external assessment of the quality of the education system, implementation of state regulation in the field of education in order to ensure the high quality of educational services provided by preschool education and training, secondary, technical and vocational, post-secondary educational organizations through state control
## Structure
## Subordinate institutions
* Regional and Almaty, Astana, Shymkent city departments of quality assurance in the field of education
* "Republican Scientific and Practical Education Content Review Center » ЖХК РМК
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745460 | Utepbergen Alimgereev | Utepbergen Alimgereyuly (1949–2024) is a Kazakh publicist-writer, journalist, local historian, chronicler.
was born on May 26, 1949 in Zhideli settlement, Kurmangazy district, Atyrau region. In 1972, after graduating from the Faculty of Philology of the Kazakh Pedagogical Institute named after Abai, he started his career as a school teacher in Beineu district of Mangistau region. Between 1973 and 1990, he worked in the newspaper of Atyrau region "Communistik pryb" ("Atyrau"). Graduated from the journalism department of Almaty Higher Party School (1987).
Director of the regional historical and local history museum (1999–2001), chief editor-deputy chairman of the Atyrau regional television and radio company (1998–2008), chief editor of the Atyrau regional "Atyrau" republican "Altyn Orda" newspapers (2008–2012) served as deputy. Kh. Dosmukhamedov Atyrau State University (2000–2011), associate professor (2007), professor of the Atyrau Engineering and Humanities Institute (2009), head of the Atyrau branch of the World Kazakh Association since 2004.
His literary works have been published in various newspapers and magazines since 1966. "Makash Akim" (1991, 2000, 2005, 2010), "Sarayshik" (2000), "Kunyskerey" (2002), "Kazakhs who occupied the Volga" (2012), "Freedom longed for by Alash" (2011), "Kurmangazy" ( 2013), "Stars in our memory" (2013), the author of more than twenty other literary, scientific and journalistic books. Documentary TV film "Fate" based on his script (together with A. Baetova) won 2nd place at the international television festival on the theme of the Great Patriotic War.
He wrote researches about Makhambet, Asan Kaigy, Jirenshe Chechen, Bala Oraz, Makash Akim. Winner of the contests of "Egemen Kazakhstan" newspaper (1987) and "Ara" magazine (1980, 1981). Books and long essays titled "Sarayshik", "Ak Zhaiyk Uluy", "Fox Judge", "Uzak Zhol", "Tagdyrmen Taitalas", "Baiterek" were published.
three times (1980, 1982, 1994) award of the Union of Journalists of Kazakhstan and the Central Nature Protection Society, T. Winner of the Amandosov (2012), Republican "Alash - Spirit" (2009), and Makhambet (1996) prizes. Honored Journalist of Kazakhstan (2009). BLKZHO, the Central Committee of the Kazakhstan LKSM, the regional organization, the Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic, the mayor of Atyrau region and the regional Maslikhat received diplomas of honor. The 20th anniversary of independence was awarded with the anniversary medal and "Unity" gold medals of the People's Assembly of Kazakhstan. Holder of the Order of "Honor".
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745420 | Gavez Torsanuly Nurmukhambetov | Gavez Torsanuly Nurmukhambetov (July 11, 1968, Kostanai region, Karasu district, Mayskoe village) is a Kazakh public figure, the governor of the North Kazakhstan region since September 2023. Before that, he was a Senate deputy representing Kostanay region for several months.
## Education
In 1992, he graduated from the Tselinograd Institute of Agriculture with the specialty "scientist agronomist", in 2002 - from Chelyabinsk State University with the specialty "lawyer", in 2008 - Kostanay Engineering and Economic graduated from the university with a bachelor's degree in economics. Candidate of Economic Sciences.
## Career path
He started his career in 1985 as a mechanic of team No. 1 of "Magnaisky" state farm of Komsomol district of Kostanay region.
In 1992-1994, he was the chief agronomist of the state farm named after Williams, Oktyabrsky district, Torgai region.
In 1994-1996 - chief agronomist of "Moskovsky" state farm, Kostanay district, Kostanay region.
In 1996-1997 - director of "Boskolskoye" CC of Komsomolsky district of Kostanay region.
In 1997-2002 - akim of Taran district of Kostanay region.
In 2002-2008 - akim of Karabalik district of Kostanay region.
In 2008-2009, he was the akim of the city of Kostanay, Kostanay region.
From 2009 to 2011 - Deputy General Director of Kostanay "Sodruzhestvo" LLP.
In 2011-2012 - akim of Auliekol district of Kostanay region.
From 2012 to 2014 - mayor of Kostanay.
From 2014 to 2015 - state inspector of the department of state control and organizational-territorial work of the Administration of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
From 2015 to 2023 - first deputy akim of Kostanay region.
From January 2023 to September 2023 - a deputy of the Senate of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Appointed as akim of the North Kazakhstan region from September 23, 2023.
## Awards
Order of "Parasat" and medal "For meritorious service", "Astana", "10 years of Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "10 years of the Constitution of Kazakhstan", " 50 years of Ting", "10 years of Astana", "20 years of Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan" holiday medals, "Honored builder" badge.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745398 | Valya Carnival | Valentina Vasilievna Karnaukhova (nickname - Valya Karnaval; November 11, 2001, Rostov-on-Don, Russia) is a Russian vlogger, TikToker, singer and actress.
In October 2020, the Russian Forbes magazine ranked him 5th in the list of the highest paid tik tokers. At the end of 2024, Valya Karnaval took the 6th place in the list of "top artists" of the Russian-language segment of TikTok - musicians whose songs are often used by users in their videos. Additionally, his song "Psychic" was ranked 9th on the list of most used tracks in 2020 "TikTok Hits".
## Sources |