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information_extraction	[ { "content": "Mojito (/moʊˈhiːtoʊ/; Spanish: [moˈxito]) is a traditional Cuban punch. The cocktail often consists of five ingredients: white rum, sugar (traditionally sugar cane juice), lime juice, soda water, and mint. Its combination of sweetness, citrus, and herbaceous mint flavors is intended to complement the rum, and has made the mojito a popular summer drink.\nWhen preparing a mojito, fresh lime juice is added to sugar (or to simple syrup) and mint leaves. The mixture is then gently mashed with a muddler. The mint leaves should only be bruised to release the essential oils and should not be shredded. Then rum is added and the mixture is briefly stirred to dissolve the sugar and to lift the mint leaves up from the bottom for better presentation. Finally, the drink is topped with crushed ice and sparkling soda water. Mint leaves and lime wedges are used to garnish the glass.\nIn Cuba, the mint used to make mojito is most commonly Mentha × villosa (called Yerba Buena or Hierbabuena in Cuba) which has a light minty/citrus aroma, but outside of Cuba spearmint is often used which has a stronger mint aroma. List the ingredients used to make a mojito in a bulleted list.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "white rum\nsugar\nlime juice\nsoda water\nmint", "role": "assistant" } ]	Mojito (/moʊˈhiːtoʊ/; Spanish: [moˈxito]) is a traditional Cuban punch. The cocktail often consists of five ingredients: white rum, sugar (traditionally sugar cane juice), lime juice, soda water, and mint. Its combination of sweetness, citrus, and herbaceous mint flavors is intended to complement the rum, and has made the mojito a popular summer drink. When preparing a mojito, fresh lime juice is added to sugar (or to simple syrup) and mint leaves. The mixture is then gently mashed with a muddler. The mint leaves should only be bruised to release the essential oils and should not be shredded. Then rum is added and the mixture is briefly stirred to dissolve the sugar and to lift the mint leaves up from the bottom for better presentation. Finally, the drink is topped with crushed ice and sparkling soda water. Mint leaves and lime wedges are used to garnish the glass. In Cuba, the mint used to make mojito is most commonly Mentha × villosa (called Yerba Buena or Hierbabuena in Cuba) which has a light minty/citrus aroma, but outside of Cuba spearmint is often used which has a stronger mint aroma. List the ingredients used to make a mojito in a bulleted list.
closed_qa	[ { "content": "Operation Aurora was a series of cyber attacks conducted by advanced persistent threats such as the Elderwood Group based in Beijing, China, with ties to the People's Liberation Army. First publicly disclosed by Google on January 12, 2010, in a blog post, the attacks began in mid-2009 and continued through December 2009.\n\nThe attack was aimed at dozens of other organizations, of which Adobe Systems, Akamai Technologies, Juniper Networks, and Rackspace have publicly confirmed that they were targeted. According to media reports, Yahoo, Symantec, Northrop Grumman, Morgan Stanley, and Dow Chemical were also among the targets.\n\nAs a result of the attack, Google stated in its blog that it plans to operate a completely uncensored version of its search engine in China \"within the law, if at all,\" and acknowledged that if this is not possible, it may leave China and close its Chinese offices. Official Chinese sources claimed this was part of a strategy developed by the U.S. government.\n\nThe attack was named \"Operation Aurora\" by Dmitri Alperovitch, Vice President of Threat Research at cybersecurity company McAfee. Research by McAfee Labs discovered that \"Aurora\" was part of the file path on the attacker's machine that was included in two of the malware binaries McAfee said were associated with the attack. \"We believe the name was the internal name the attacker(s) gave to this operation,\" McAfee Chief Technology Officer George Kurtz said in a blog post.\n\nAccording to McAfee, the primary goal of the attack was to gain access to and potentially modify source code repositories at these high-tech, security, and defense contractor companies. \"[The SCMs] were wide open,\" says Alperovitch. \"No one ever thought about securing them, yet these were the crown jewels of most of these companies in many ways—much more valuable than any financial or personally identifiable data that they may have and spend so much time and effort protecting.\"\n\nHistory\n\nFlowers left outside Google China's headquarters after its announcement it might leave the country\nOn January 12, 2010, Google revealed on its blog that it had been the victim of a cyber attack. The company said the attack occurred in mid-December and originated from China. Google stated that over 20 other companies had been attacked; other sources have since cited that more than 34 organizations were targeted. As a result of the attack, Google said it was reviewing its business in China. On the same day, United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton issued a brief statement condemning the attacks and requesting a response from China.\n\nOn January 13, 2010, the news agency All Headline News reported that the United States Congress plans to investigate Google's allegations that the Chinese government used the company's service to spy on human rights activists.\n\nIn Beijing, visitors left flowers outside of Google's office. However, these were later removed, with a Chinese security guard stating that this was an \"illegal flower tribute\". The Chinese government has yet to issue a formal response, although an anonymous official stated that China was seeking more information on Google's intentions.\n\nAttackers involved\nFurther information: Cyberwarfare by China\nTechnical evidence including IP addresses, domain names, malware signatures, and other factors, show Elderwood was behind the Operation Aurora attack. The \"Elderwood\" group was named by Symantec (after a source-code variable used by the attackers), and is referred to as the \"Beijing Group\" by Dell Secureworks. The group obtained some of Google's source code, as well as access to information about Chinese activists. Elderwood also targeted numerous other companies in the shipping, aeronautics, arms, energy, manufacturing, engineering, electronics, financial, and software sectors.\n\nThe \"APT\" designation for the Chinese threat actors responsible for attacking Google is APT17.\n\nElderwood specializes in attacking and infiltrating second-tier defense industry suppliers that make electronic or mechanical components for top defense companies. Those firms then become a cyber \"stepping stone\" to gain access to top-tier defense contractors. One attack procedure used by Elderwood is to infect legitimate websites frequented by employees of the target company – a so-called \"water hole\" attack, just as lions stake out a watering hole for their prey. Elderwood infects these less-secure sites with malware that downloads to a computer that clicks on the site. After that, the group searches inside the network to which the infected computer is connected, finding and then downloading executives' e-mails and critical documents on company plans, decisions, acquisitions, and product designs.\n\nAttack analysis\nIn its blog posting, Google stated that some of its intellectual property had been stolen. It suggested that the attackers were interested in accessing Gmail accounts of Chinese dissidents. According to the Financial Times, two accounts used by Ai Weiwei had been attacked, their contents read and copied; his bank accounts were investigated by state security agents who claimed he was under investigation for \"unspecified suspected crimes\". However, the attackers were only able to view details on two accounts and those details were limited to things such as the subject line and the accounts' creation date.\n\nSecurity experts immediately noted the sophistication of the attack. Two days after the attack became public, McAfee reported that the attackers had exploited purported zero-day vulnerabilities (unfixed and previously unknown to the target system developers) in Internet Explorer and dubbed the attack \"Operation Aurora\". A week after the report by McAfee, Microsoft issued a fix for the issue, and admitted that they had known about the security hole used since September. Additional vulnerabilities were found in Perforce, the source code revision software used by Google to manage their source code.\n\nVeriSign's iDefense Labs claimed that the attacks were perpetrated by \"agents of the Chinese state or proxies thereof\".\n\nAccording to a diplomatic cable from the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, a Chinese source reported that the Chinese Politburo directed the intrusion into Google's computer systems. The cable suggested that the attack was part of a coordinated campaign executed by \"government operatives, public security experts and Internet outlaws recruited by the Chinese government.\" The report suggested that it was part of an ongoing campaign in which attackers have \"broken into American government computers and those of Western allies, the Dalai Lama and American businesses since 2002.\" According to The Guardian's reporting on the leak, the attacks were \"orchestrated by a senior member of the Politburo who typed his own name into the global version of the search engine and found articles criticising him personally.\"\n\nOnce a victim's system was compromised, a backdoor connection that masqueraded as an SSL connection made connections to command and control servers running in Illinois, Texas, and Taiwan, including machines that were running under stolen Rackspace customer accounts. The victim's machine then began exploring the protected corporate intranet that it was a part of, searching for other vulnerable systems as well as sources of intellectual property, specifically the contents of source code repositories.\n\nThe attacks were thought to have definitively ended on Jan 4 when the command and control servers were taken down, although it is not known at this point whether or not the attackers intentionally shut them down. However, the attacks were still occurring as of February 2010.\n\nResponse and aftermath\nThe German, Australian, and French governments publicly issued warnings to users of Internet Explorer after the attack, advising them to use alternative browsers at least until a fix for the security hole was made. The German, Australian, and French governments considered all versions of Internet Explorer vulnerable or potentially vulnerable.\n\nIn an advisory on January 14, 2010, Microsoft said that attackers targeting Google and other U.S. companies used software that exploits a hole in Internet Explorer. The vulnerability affects Internet Explorer versions 6, 7, and 8 on Windows 7, Vista, Windows XP, Server 2003, Server 2008 R2, as well as IE 6 Service Pack 1 on Windows 2000 Service Pack 4.\n\nThe Internet Explorer exploit code used in the attack has been released into the public domain, and has been incorporated into the Metasploit Framework penetration testing tool. A copy of the exploit was uploaded to Wepawet, a service for detecting and analyzing web-based malware operated by the computer security group at the University of California, Santa Barbara. \"The public release of the exploit code increases the possibility of widespread attacks using the Internet Explorer vulnerability,\" said George Kurtz, CTO of McAfee, of the attack. \"The now public computer code may help cybercriminals craft attacks that use the vulnerability to compromise Windows systems.\"\n\nSecurity company Websense said it identified \"limited public use\" of the unpatched IE vulnerability in drive-by attacks against users who strayed onto malicious Web sites. According to Websense, the attack code it spotted is the same as the exploit that went public last week.[clarification needed] \"Internet Explorer users currently face a real and present danger due to the public disclosure of the vulnerability and release of attack code, increasing the possibility of widespread attacks,\" said George Kurtz, chief technology officer of McAfee, in a blog update. Confirming this speculation, Websense Security Labs identified additional sites using the exploit on January 19. According to reports from Ahnlab, the second URL was spread through the Instant Messenger network Misslee Messenger, a popular IM client in South Korea.\n\nResearchers have created attack code that exploits the vulnerability in Internet Explorer 7 (IE7) and IE8—even when Microsoft's recommended defensive measure (Data Execution Prevention (DEP)) is turned on.[dubious – discuss] According to Dino Dai Zovi, a security vulnerability researcher, \"even the newest IE8 isn't safe from attack if it's running on Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) or earlier, or on Windows Vista RTM (release to manufacturing), the version Microsoft shipped in January 2007.\"\n\nMicrosoft admitted that the security hole used had been known to them since September. Work on an update was prioritized and on Thursday, January 21, 2010, Microsoft released a security patch aiming to counter this weakness, the published exploits based on it and a number of other privately reported vulnerabilities. They did not state if any of the latter had been used or published by exploiters or whether these had any particular relation to the Aurora operation, but the entire cumulative update was termed critical for most versions of Windows, including Windows 7.\n\nSecurity researchers continued to investigate the attacks. HBGary, a security firm, released a report in which they claimed to have found some significant markers that might help identify the code developer. The firm also said that the code was Chinese language based but could not be specifically tied to any government entity.\n\nOn February 19, 2010, a security expert investigating the cyber-attack on Google, has claimed that the people behind the attack were also responsible for the cyber-attacks made on several Fortune 100 companies in the past one and a half years. They have also tracked the attack back to its point of origin, which seems to be two Chinese schools, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Lanxiang Vocational School. As highlighted by The New York Times, both of these schools have ties with the Chinese search engine Baidu, a rival of Google China. Both Lanxiang Vocational and Jiaotong University have denied the allegation.\n\nIn March 2010, Symantec, which was helping investigate the attack for Google, identified Shaoxing as the source of 21.3% of all (12 billion) malicious emails sent throughout the world.\n\nGoogle retrospective\nOn October 3, 2022, Google on YouTube released a six-episode series covering the events that occurred during Operation Aurora, with commentary from insiders who dealt with the attack, though the series primary focus was to reassure the Google-using public that measures are in place to counter hacking attempts. Given this article about Operation Aurora, How was the operation named?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The attack was named \"Operation Aurora\" by Dmitri Alperovitch, Vice President of Threat Research at cybersecurity company McAfee. Research by McAfee Labs discovered that \"Aurora\" was part of the file path on the attacker's machine that was included in two of the malware binaries McAfee said were associated with the attack. \"We believe the name was the internal name the attacker(s) gave to this operation,\" McAfee Chief Technology Officer George Kurtz said in a blog post.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Operation Aurora was a series of cyber attacks conducted by advanced persistent threats such as the Elderwood Group based in Beijing, China, with ties to the People's Liberation Army. First publicly disclosed by Google on January 12, 2010, in a blog post, the attacks began in mid-2009 and continued through December 2009. The attack was aimed at dozens of other organizations, of which Adobe Systems, Akamai Technologies, Juniper Networks, and Rackspace have publicly confirmed that they were targeted. According to media reports, Yahoo, Symantec, Northrop Grumman, Morgan Stanley, and Dow Chemical were also among the targets. As a result of the attack, Google stated in its blog that it plans to operate a completely uncensored version of its search engine in China "within the law, if at all," and acknowledged that if this is not possible, it may leave China and close its Chinese offices. Official Chinese sources claimed this was part of a strategy developed by the U.S. government. The attack was named "Operation Aurora" by Dmitri Alperovitch, Vice President of Threat Research at cybersecurity company McAfee. Research by McAfee Labs discovered that "Aurora" was part of the file path on the attacker's machine that was included in two of the malware binaries McAfee said were associated with the attack. "We believe the name was the internal name the attacker(s) gave to this operation," McAfee Chief Technology Officer George Kurtz said in a blog post. According to McAfee, the primary goal of the attack was to gain access to and potentially modify source code repositories at these high-tech, security, and defense contractor companies. "[The SCMs] were wide open," says Alperovitch. "No one ever thought about securing them, yet these were the crown jewels of most of these companies in many ways—much more valuable than any financial or personally identifiable data that they may have and spend so much time and effort protecting." History Flowers left outside Google China's headquarters after its announcement it might leave the country On January 12, 2010, Google revealed on its blog that it had been the victim of a cyber attack. The company said the attack occurred in mid-December and originated from China. Google stated that over 20 other companies had been attacked; other sources have since cited that more than 34 organizations were targeted. As a result of the attack, Google said it was reviewing its business in China. On the same day, United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton issued a brief statement condemning the attacks and requesting a response from China. On January 13, 2010, the news agency All Headline News reported that the United States Congress plans to investigate Google's allegations that the Chinese government used the company's service to spy on human rights activists. In Beijing, visitors left flowers outside of Google's office. However, these were later removed, with a Chinese security guard stating that this was an "illegal flower tribute". The Chinese government has yet to issue a formal response, although an anonymous official stated that China was seeking more information on Google's intentions. Attackers involved Further information: Cyberwarfare by China Technical evidence including IP addresses, domain names, malware signatures, and other factors, show Elderwood was behind the Operation Aurora attack. The "Elderwood" group was named by Symantec (after a source-code variable used by the attackers), and is referred to as the "Beijing Group" by Dell Secureworks. The group obtained some of Google's source code, as well as access to information about Chinese activists. Elderwood also targeted numerous other companies in the shipping, aeronautics, arms, energy, manufacturing, engineering, electronics, financial, and software sectors. The "APT" designation for the Chinese threat actors responsible for attacking Google is APT17. Elderwood specializes in attacking and infiltrating second-tier defense industry suppliers that make electronic or mechanical components for top defense companies. Those firms then become a cyber "stepping stone" to gain access to top-tier defense contractors. One attack procedure used by Elderwood is to infect legitimate websites frequented by employees of the target company – a so-called "water hole" attack, just as lions stake out a watering hole for their prey. Elderwood infects these less-secure sites with malware that downloads to a computer that clicks on the site. After that, the group searches inside the network to which the infected computer is connected, finding and then downloading executives' e-mails and critical documents on company plans, decisions, acquisitions, and product designs. Attack analysis In its blog posting, Google stated that some of its intellectual property had been stolen. It suggested that the attackers were interested in accessing Gmail accounts of Chinese dissidents. According to the Financial Times, two accounts used by Ai Weiwei had been attacked, their contents read and copied; his bank accounts were investigated by state security agents who claimed he was under investigation for "unspecified suspected crimes". However, the attackers were only able to view details on two accounts and those details were limited to things such as the subject line and the accounts' creation date. Security experts immediately noted the sophistication of the attack. Two days after the attack became public, McAfee reported that the attackers had exploited purported zero-day vulnerabilities (unfixed and previously unknown to the target system developers) in Internet Explorer and dubbed the attack "Operation Aurora". A week after the report by McAfee, Microsoft issued a fix for the issue, and admitted that they had known about the security hole used since September. Additional vulnerabilities were found in Perforce, the source code revision software used by Google to manage their source code. VeriSign's iDefense Labs claimed that the attacks were perpetrated by "agents of the Chinese state or proxies thereof". According to a diplomatic cable from the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, a Chinese source reported that the Chinese Politburo directed the intrusion into Google's computer systems. The cable suggested that the attack was part of a coordinated campaign executed by "government operatives, public security experts and Internet outlaws recruited by the Chinese government." The report suggested that it was part of an ongoing campaign in which attackers have "broken into American government computers and those of Western allies, the Dalai Lama and American businesses since 2002." According to The Guardian's reporting on the leak, the attacks were "orchestrated by a senior member of the Politburo who typed his own name into the global version of the search engine and found articles criticising him personally." Once a victim's system was compromised, a backdoor connection that masqueraded as an SSL connection made connections to command and control servers running in Illinois, Texas, and Taiwan, including machines that were running under stolen Rackspace customer accounts. The victim's machine then began exploring the protected corporate intranet that it was a part of, searching for other vulnerable systems as well as sources of intellectual property, specifically the contents of source code repositories. The attacks were thought to have definitively ended on Jan 4 when the command and control servers were taken down, although it is not known at this point whether or not the attackers intentionally shut them down. However, the attacks were still occurring as of February 2010. Response and aftermath The German, Australian, and French governments publicly issued warnings to users of Internet Explorer after the attack, advising them to use alternative browsers at least until a fix for the security hole was made. The German, Australian, and French governments considered all versions of Internet Explorer vulnerable or potentially vulnerable. In an advisory on January 14, 2010, Microsoft said that attackers targeting Google and other U.S. companies used software that exploits a hole in Internet Explorer. The vulnerability affects Internet Explorer versions 6, 7, and 8 on Windows 7, Vista, Windows XP, Server 2003, Server 2008 R2, as well as IE 6 Service Pack 1 on Windows 2000 Service Pack 4. The Internet Explorer exploit code used in the attack has been released into the public domain, and has been incorporated into the Metasploit Framework penetration testing tool. A copy of the exploit was uploaded to Wepawet, a service for detecting and analyzing web-based malware operated by the computer security group at the University of California, Santa Barbara. "The public release of the exploit code increases the possibility of widespread attacks using the Internet Explorer vulnerability," said George Kurtz, CTO of McAfee, of the attack. "The now public computer code may help cybercriminals craft attacks that use the vulnerability to compromise Windows systems." Security company Websense said it identified "limited public use" of the unpatched IE vulnerability in drive-by attacks against users who strayed onto malicious Web sites. According to Websense, the attack code it spotted is the same as the exploit that went public last week.[clarification needed] "Internet Explorer users currently face a real and present danger due to the public disclosure of the vulnerability and release of attack code, increasing the possibility of widespread attacks," said George Kurtz, chief technology officer of McAfee, in a blog update. Confirming this speculation, Websense Security Labs identified additional sites using the exploit on January 19. According to reports from Ahnlab, the second URL was spread through the Instant Messenger network Misslee Messenger, a popular IM client in South Korea. Researchers have created attack code that exploits the vulnerability in Internet Explorer 7 (IE7) and IE8—even when Microsoft's recommended defensive measure (Data Execution Prevention (DEP)) is turned on.[dubious – discuss] According to Dino Dai Zovi, a security vulnerability researcher, "even the newest IE8 isn't safe from attack if it's running on Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) or earlier, or on Windows Vista RTM (release to manufacturing), the version Microsoft shipped in January 2007." Microsoft admitted that the security hole used had been known to them since September. Work on an update was prioritized and on Thursday, January 21, 2010, Microsoft released a security patch aiming to counter this weakness, the published exploits based on it and a number of other privately reported vulnerabilities. They did not state if any of the latter had been used or published by exploiters or whether these had any particular relation to the Aurora operation, but the entire cumulative update was termed critical for most versions of Windows, including Windows 7. Security researchers continued to investigate the attacks. HBGary, a security firm, released a report in which they claimed to have found some significant markers that might help identify the code developer. The firm also said that the code was Chinese language based but could not be specifically tied to any government entity. On February 19, 2010, a security expert investigating the cyber-attack on Google, has claimed that the people behind the attack were also responsible for the cyber-attacks made on several Fortune 100 companies in the past one and a half years. They have also tracked the attack back to its point of origin, which seems to be two Chinese schools, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Lanxiang Vocational School. As highlighted by The New York Times, both of these schools have ties with the Chinese search engine Baidu, a rival of Google China. Both Lanxiang Vocational and Jiaotong University have denied the allegation. In March 2010, Symantec, which was helping investigate the attack for Google, identified Shaoxing as the source of 21.3% of all (12 billion) malicious emails sent throughout the world. Google retrospective On October 3, 2022, Google on YouTube released a six-episode series covering the events that occurred during Operation Aurora, with commentary from insiders who dealt with the attack, though the series primary focus was to reassure the Google-using public that measures are in place to counter hacking attempts. Given this article about Operation Aurora, How was the operation named?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "Name three creative ways to utilize plastic wrap other than sealing food to keep it fresh.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. If you have wounds in your body and want to take a shower while keeping the wounded area dry, you can wrap that area with plastic wrap closely to prevent water from coming in.\n2. If you are moving and have lots of fragile items (like monitors, chairs, etc), you can wrap your furniture or electronics with plastic wrap to prevent damages.\n3. If you have an outdoor garden mini greenhouse and want to prevent cold air from getting into it at night, you can wrap the bottom of the greenhouse with plastic wrap so that it is airtight.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Name three creative ways to utilize plastic wrap other than sealing food to keep it fresh.
closed_qa	[ { "content": "Hawaii became a unified, internationally recognized kingdom in 1810, remaining independent until American and European businessmen overthrew the monarchy in 1893; this led to annexation by the U.S. in 1898. As a strategically valuable U.S. territory, Hawaii was attacked by Japan on December 7, 1941, which brought it global and historical significance, and contributed to America's decisive entry into World War II. Hawaii is the most recent state to join the union, on August 21, 1959. In 1993, the U.S. government formally apologized for its role in the overthrow of Hawaii's government, which spurred the Hawaiian sovereignty movement.\n\nHistorically dominated by a plantation economy, Hawaii remains a major agricultural exporter due to its fertile soil and uniquely tropical climate in the U.S. Its economy has gradually diversified since the mid-20th century, with tourism and military defense becoming the two largest sectors. The state attracts tourists, surfers, and scientists with its diverse natural scenery, warm tropical climate, abundance of public beaches, oceanic surroundings, active volcanoes, and clear skies on the Big Island. Hawaii hosts the U.S. Pacific Fleet, the world's largest naval command, as well as 75,000 employees of the Defense Department.\n\nIts relative isolation results in one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and Hawaii is the third-wealthiest state. Given this text, what is the third wealthiest state in the USA?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "According to this text, Hawaii is the third wealthiest state in the United States of America.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Hawaii became a unified, internationally recognized kingdom in 1810, remaining independent until American and European businessmen overthrew the monarchy in 1893; this led to annexation by the U.S. in 1898. As a strategically valuable U.S. territory, Hawaii was attacked by Japan on December 7, 1941, which brought it global and historical significance, and contributed to America's decisive entry into World War II. Hawaii is the most recent state to join the union, on August 21, 1959. In 1993, the U.S. government formally apologized for its role in the overthrow of Hawaii's government, which spurred the Hawaiian sovereignty movement. Historically dominated by a plantation economy, Hawaii remains a major agricultural exporter due to its fertile soil and uniquely tropical climate in the U.S. Its economy has gradually diversified since the mid-20th century, with tourism and military defense becoming the two largest sectors. The state attracts tourists, surfers, and scientists with its diverse natural scenery, warm tropical climate, abundance of public beaches, oceanic surroundings, active volcanoes, and clear skies on the Big Island. Hawaii hosts the U.S. Pacific Fleet, the world's largest naval command, as well as 75,000 employees of the Defense Department. Its relative isolation results in one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and Hawaii is the third-wealthiest state. Given this text, what is the third wealthiest state in the USA?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "Give me a bulleted list of different ways to get around a city without a car", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The following are different ways to get around a city without a car:\n1. Walk\n2. Take public transportation such as the bus or subway\n3. Ride a bike\n4. Use Uber\n5. Ride a scooter\n6. Ask a friend with a car\n7. Hitchhike", "role": "assistant" } ]	Give me a bulleted list of different ways to get around a city without a car
brainstorming	[ { "content": "What dishes can we eat as a Vegan?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "We can eat all products which does not harm any animal or are by products of it. As a vegan, you have a variety of options. So, if you see you just want to replace dairy right, which is primarily curd - you have vegan curd for that made of peanut. Butter/Ghee you have vegan ghee/butter made from nuts like cashew, almond, peanut too. I mean seriously you have a lot of options. Then you can replace milk too, with same nut milk. And you know how beneficial it is. \n\nSo basically, you can eat all the dishes you already eat just by changing the dairy, honey and animal product with plant based things.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What dishes can we eat as a Vegan?
open_qa	[ { "content": "Is there The Disabled Students Allowance in the UK", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Disabled Students Allowance (DSA) is a Government grant in the United Kingdom (UK) available to students in Higher Education, originally established by the Department for Education and Skills (DfES).", "role": "assistant" } ]	Is there The Disabled Students Allowance in the UK
information_extraction	[ { "content": "The Silmarillion (Quenya: [silmaˈrilliɔn]) is a collection of myths[T 1] and stories in varying styles by the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien. It was edited and published posthumously by his son Christopher Tolkien in 1977, assisted by the fantasy author Guy Gavriel Kay.[T 2] It tells of Eä, a fictional universe that includes the Blessed Realm of Valinor, the once-great region of Beleriand, the sunken island of Númenor, and the continent of Middle-earth, where Tolkien's most popular works—The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings—are set. After the success of The Hobbit, Tolkien's publisher Stanley Unwin requested a sequel, and Tolkien offered a draft of the writings that would later become The Silmarillion. Unwin rejected this proposal, calling the draft obscure and \"too Celtic\", so Tolkien began working on a new story that eventually became The Lord of the Rings. What is The Silmarillion?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Silmarillion (Quenya: [silmaˈrilliɔn]) is a collection of myths[T 1] and stories in varying styles by the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien. It was edited and published posthumously by his son Christopher Tolkien in 1977, assisted by the fantasy author Guy Gavriel Kay.[T 2] It tells of Eä, a fictional universe that includes the Blessed Realm of Valinor, the once-great region of Beleriand, the sunken island of Númenor, and the continent of Middle-earth, where Tolkien's most popular works—The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings—are set. After the success of The Hobbit, Tolkien's publisher Stanley Unwin requested a sequel, and Tolkien offered a draft of the writings that would later become The Silmarillion. Unwin rejected this proposal, calling the draft obscure and \"too Celtic\", so Tolkien began working on a new story that eventually became The Lord of the Rings.\n\nThe Silmarillion has five parts. The first, Ainulindalë, tells in mythic style of the creation of Eä, the \"world that is.\" The second part, Valaquenta, gives a description of the Valar and Maiar, supernatural powers of Eä. The next section, Quenta Silmarillion, which forms the bulk of the collection, chronicles the history of the events before and during the First Age, including the wars over three jewels, the Silmarils, that gave the book its title. The fourth part, Akallabêth, relates the history of the Downfall of Númenor and its people, which takes place in the Second Age. The final part, Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age, is a brief summary of the events of The Lord of the Rings and those that led to them.\n\nThe book shows the influence of many sources, including the Finnish epic Kalevala, Greek mythology in the lost island of Atlantis (as Númenor) and the Olympian gods (in the shape of the Valar, though these also resemble the Norse Æsir).\n\nBecause J. R. R. Tolkien died leaving his legendarium unedited, Christopher Tolkien selected and edited materials to tell the story from start to end. In a few cases, this meant that he had to devise completely new material, within the tenor of his father's thought, to resolve gaps and inconsistencies in the narrative, particularly Chapter 22, \"Of the Ruin of Doriath\".\n\nThe Silmarillion received a generally poor reception on publication. Scholars found the work problematic, not least because the book is a construction, not authorised by Tolkien himself, from the large corpus of documents and drafts also called \"The Silmarillion\". Scholars have noted that Tolkien intended the work to be a mythology, penned by many hands, and redacted by a fictional editor, whether Ælfwine or Bilbo Baggins. As such, the scholar Gergely Nagy considers that the fact that the work has indeed been edited actually realises Tolkien's intention.", "role": "assistant" } ]	The Silmarillion (Quenya: [silmaˈrilliɔn]) is a collection of myths[T 1] and stories in varying styles by the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien. It was edited and published posthumously by his son Christopher Tolkien in 1977, assisted by the fantasy author Guy Gavriel Kay.[T 2] It tells of Eä, a fictional universe that includes the Blessed Realm of Valinor, the once-great region of Beleriand, the sunken island of Númenor, and the continent of Middle-earth, where Tolkien's most popular works—The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings—are set. After the success of The Hobbit, Tolkien's publisher Stanley Unwin requested a sequel, and Tolkien offered a draft of the writings that would later become The Silmarillion. Unwin rejected this proposal, calling the draft obscure and "too Celtic", so Tolkien began working on a new story that eventually became The Lord of the Rings. What is The Silmarillion?
closed_qa	[ { "content": "Several efficient algorithms for simple random sampling have been developed. A naive algorithm is the draw-by-draw algorithm where at each step we remove the item at that step from the set with equal probability and put the item in the sample. We continue until we have sample of desired size \n�\nk. The drawback of this method is that it requires random access in the set.\n\nThe selection-rejection algorithm developed by Fan et al. in 1962 requires a single pass over data; however, it is a sequential algorithm and requires knowledge of total count of items \n�\nn, which is not available in streaming scenarios.\n\nA very simple random sort algorithm was proved by Sunter in 1977. The algorithm simply assigns a random number drawn from uniform distribution \n(\n0\n,\n1\n)\n(0,1) as a key to each item, then sorts all items using the key and selects the smallest \n�\nk items.\n\nJ. Vitter in 1985 proposed reservoir sampling algorithms, which are widely used. This algorithm does not require knowledge of the size of the population \n�\nn in advance, and uses constant space.\n\nRandom sampling can also be accelerated by sampling from the distribution of gaps between samples and skipping over the gaps. What is disadvantage of naive algorithm of simple random sampling?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The drawback of this method is that it requires random access in the set.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Several efficient algorithms for simple random sampling have been developed. A naive algorithm is the draw-by-draw algorithm where at each step we remove the item at that step from the set with equal probability and put the item in the sample. We continue until we have sample of desired size � k. The drawback of this method is that it requires random access in the set. The selection-rejection algorithm developed by Fan et al. in 1962 requires a single pass over data; however, it is a sequential algorithm and requires knowledge of total count of items � n, which is not available in streaming scenarios. A very simple random sort algorithm was proved by Sunter in 1977. The algorithm simply assigns a random number drawn from uniform distribution ( 0 , 1 ) (0,1) as a key to each item, then sorts all items using the key and selects the smallest � k items. J. Vitter in 1985 proposed reservoir sampling algorithms, which are widely used. This algorithm does not require knowledge of the size of the population � n in advance, and uses constant space. Random sampling can also be accelerated by sampling from the distribution of gaps between samples and skipping over the gaps. What is disadvantage of naive algorithm of simple random sampling?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "What are some fun things to do around Seattle on a warm Summer day?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Here are few things that someone might enjoy on a warm Summer day in Seattle: walking around Seattle center, taking a trip up to the top of the Space Needle to get a unique perspective of the city, taking a ferry ride to Bainbridge Island to walk around the small town and shop at the small unique shops, visit Green Lake park just north of the city and take a stroll around the picturesque scenery, or visit Pike place market and see the many items venders have for sale.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What are some fun things to do around Seattle on a warm Summer day?
classification	[ { "content": "You have to Classify each of the following as either a gluten product or a gluten free product and display it according to their categories: sourdough bread, zucchini, barbecue sauce, hummus, amaranth, commercial chocolate milk", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Some people have a gluten intolerance or celiac disease, which means they must avoid gluten in their diet to prevent uncomfortable or harmful symptoms. Gluten-free products are made without these grains and can be a safe alternative for those with gluten intolerance or celiac disease. However, for those without a gluten intolerance or celiac disease, a gluten-free diet may not provide any additional health benefits. \n\nHere are the those products which are classified as gluten products from the provided list:\n1. sourdough bread \n2. barbecue sauce\n3. commercial chocolate milk\n\nHere are the those products which are classified as gluten free products from the list provided:\n1. zucchini\n2. hummus\n3. amaranth", "role": "assistant" } ]	You have to Classify each of the following as either a gluten product or a gluten free product and display it according to their categories: sourdough bread, zucchini, barbecue sauce, hummus, amaranth, commercial chocolate milk
general_qa	[ { "content": "Which country has the most inhabitants?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "#\tCountry (or dependency)\tPopulation (2020)\n1\tChina\t1,439,323,776\n2\tIndia\t1,380,004,385\n3\tUnited States\t331,002,651\n4\tIndonesia\t273,523,615", "role": "assistant" } ]	Which country has the most inhabitants?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "What are the ten best restaurants in London?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "- Behind; Dalston\n- Manteca; Shoreditch\n- Restaurant St. Barts; Smithfield\n- St. John; Farringdon\n- F.K.A.B.A.M; Highbury\n- Sabor; Mayfair\n- Blacklock; Soho\n- Planque; Haggerston\n- Cycene; Shoreditch\n- Brat; Shoreditch", "role": "assistant" } ]	What are the ten best restaurants in London?
information_extraction	[ { "content": "Governors/Chief Executive Officers\nThe following individuals have been appointed to serve as chief executive of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, or precursor titles:\n\nOrder\tName\tTitle\tTerm start\tTerm end\tTime in office\n1\tSir Denison Miller KCMG\tGovernor\tJune 1912\tJune 1923\t11 years, 29 days\n2\tJames Kell\tJune 1923\tOctober 1926\t3 years, 122 days\n3\tSir Ernest Riddle\tOctober 1926\tFebruary 1938\t11 years, 121 days\n4\tSir Harry Sheehan CBE\tMarch 1938\tMarch 1941\t3 years, 0 days\n5\tHugh Traill Armitage CMG\tJuly 1941\tDecember 1948\t7 years, 183 days\n6\tDr H. C. Coombs\tJanuary 1949\tJanuary 1960\t11 years, 0 days\n7\tErnest Richardson CBE\tManaging Director\tJanuary 1960\tMarch 1965\t5 years, 89 days\n8\tSir Bede Callaghan CBE\tMay 1965\tAugust 1976\t11 years, 92 days\n9\tSir Ronald Elliott\tAugust 1976\tAugust 1981\t5 years, 0 days\n10\tVern Christie AO\tAugust 1981\tMarch 1987\t5 years, 212 days\n11\tDonald Sanders AO CB\tMarch 1987\tDecember 1990\t3 years, 275 days\nChief Executive Officer\tJanuary 1991\tJune 1992\t1 year, 181 days\n12\tDavid Murray AO\tJune 1992\tSeptember 2005\t13 years, 92 days\n13\tSir Ralph Norris KNZM\tSeptember 2005\tNovember 2011\t6 years, 29 days\n14\tIan Narev\tDecember 2011\tApril 2018\t11 years, 119 days\n15\tMatt Comyn\tApril 2018\tincumbent\t4 years, 355 days Using the following text, extract the last 3 CEO's. Place them in a bullet list in order of current to least current.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "* Matt Comyn - Current / Incumbent since April 2018\n* Ian Narev - December 2011 to April 2018\n* Sir Ralph Norris KNZM - September 2005 to November 2011\n* David Murray AO - June 1992 to September 2005", "role": "assistant" } ]	Governors/Chief Executive Officers The following individuals have been appointed to serve as chief executive of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, or precursor titles: Order Name Title Term start Term end Time in office 1 Sir Denison Miller KCMG Governor June 1912 June 1923 11 years, 29 days 2 James Kell June 1923 October 1926 3 years, 122 days 3 Sir Ernest Riddle October 1926 February 1938 11 years, 121 days 4 Sir Harry Sheehan CBE March 1938 March 1941 3 years, 0 days 5 Hugh Traill Armitage CMG July 1941 December 1948 7 years, 183 days 6 Dr H. C. Coombs January 1949 January 1960 11 years, 0 days 7 Ernest Richardson CBE Managing Director January 1960 March 1965 5 years, 89 days 8 Sir Bede Callaghan CBE May 1965 August 1976 11 years, 92 days 9 Sir Ronald Elliott August 1976 August 1981 5 years, 0 days 10 Vern Christie AO August 1981 March 1987 5 years, 212 days 11 Donald Sanders AO CB March 1987 December 1990 3 years, 275 days Chief Executive Officer January 1991 June 1992 1 year, 181 days 12 David Murray AO June 1992 September 2005 13 years, 92 days 13 Sir Ralph Norris KNZM September 2005 November 2011 6 years, 29 days 14 Ian Narev December 2011 April 2018 11 years, 119 days 15 Matt Comyn April 2018 incumbent 4 years, 355 days Using the following text, extract the last 3 CEO's. Place them in a bullet list in order of current to least current.
information_extraction	[ { "content": "In 2012, Tesla began building a network of 480-volt fast-charging Supercharger stations. As of June 2022, Tesla operates 36,165 Superchargers in 3,971 stations worldwide (an average of 9 chargers per station). The Supercharger is a proprietary direct current (DC) technology that provides up to 250 kilowatts (kW) of power. All Tesla cars except the first generation Roadster come standard with hardware to charge at Superchargers. The navigation software in Tesla cars can recommend the fastest route for long-distance travel, incorporating charging stops.\n\nModel S and X cars ordered before January 15, 2017, and between August 3, 2019, and May 26, 2020, received free unlimited supercharging. Model S and X cars ordered between January 15, 2017, and August 3, 2019, got 400 kWh (1,400 MJ) of free Supercharging credits per year, which provides a range of roughly 1,000 miles per year (1,600 kilometres per year). Subsequent Tesla models never received free unlimited supercharging. From the text, please list which Tesla models when ordered received free supercharging and for how long?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Here is a list of Tesla cars that received free supercharging when newly ordered:\n\n1. Tesla model S and X cars ordered before January 15, 2017 received free unlimited supercharging.\n2. Tesla model S and X cars ordered between August 3, 2019 and May 26, 2020 also received free unlimited supercharging.\n3. Tesla model S and X cars that were ordered between January 15, 2017 and August 3, 2019 received 400 KWh of free supercharging credits per year. It translates to roughly 1000 miles per year.\n\nSubsequent Tesla models never received free unlimited supercharging.", "role": "assistant" } ]	In 2012, Tesla began building a network of 480-volt fast-charging Supercharger stations. As of June 2022, Tesla operates 36,165 Superchargers in 3,971 stations worldwide (an average of 9 chargers per station). The Supercharger is a proprietary direct current (DC) technology that provides up to 250 kilowatts (kW) of power. All Tesla cars except the first generation Roadster come standard with hardware to charge at Superchargers. The navigation software in Tesla cars can recommend the fastest route for long-distance travel, incorporating charging stops. Model S and X cars ordered before January 15, 2017, and between August 3, 2019, and May 26, 2020, received free unlimited supercharging. Model S and X cars ordered between January 15, 2017, and August 3, 2019, got 400 kWh (1,400 MJ) of free Supercharging credits per year, which provides a range of roughly 1,000 miles per year (1,600 kilometres per year). Subsequent Tesla models never received free unlimited supercharging. From the text, please list which Tesla models when ordered received free supercharging and for how long?
information_extraction	[ { "content": "On August 16, 2014, NBCSN journalist Robin Miller reported that Ed Carpenter would merge his team with Sarah Fisher Hartman Racing, whom he had raced for in 2011; the two teams officially announced the merger at the Milwaukee Mile a week later. The next day, SFHR driver Josef Newgarden was re-signed to a one-year extension to race with CFH. On August 27, the team announced they would run with Chevrolet engines, and a month later, Carpenter confirmed Fuzzy's Award Winning Vodka would follow the team to sponsor the 20. The team made its debut with Carpenter driving in testing for the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company at Indianapolis Motor Speedway from September 23–24, followed by a session at Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course with Newgarden and Mike Conway. Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}", "role": "user" }, { "content": "• Robin Miller\n• Ed Carpenter\n• Sarah Fisher Hartman\n• Josef Newgarden\n• Mike Conway", "role": "assistant" } ]	On August 16, 2014, NBCSN journalist Robin Miller reported that Ed Carpenter would merge his team with Sarah Fisher Hartman Racing, whom he had raced for in 2011; the two teams officially announced the merger at the Milwaukee Mile a week later. The next day, SFHR driver Josef Newgarden was re-signed to a one-year extension to race with CFH. On August 27, the team announced they would run with Chevrolet engines, and a month later, Carpenter confirmed Fuzzy's Award Winning Vodka would follow the team to sponsor the 20. The team made its debut with Carpenter driving in testing for the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company at Indianapolis Motor Speedway from September 23–24, followed by a session at Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course with Newgarden and Mike Conway. Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}
brainstorming	[ { "content": "What can I do in Amsterdam on a rainy day?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Even if it's raining, there are a lot of things you can do in Amsterdam. Try these:\n\n1. Visit the Van Gogh Museum, the largest collection of Van Gogh's art.\n2. Visit the Rijksmuseum, with artwork from many other Dutch and European masters.\n3. Enjoy some delicious Dutch food, like bitterballen, kroket, poffertjes or stroopwafels.\n4. Enjoy some drinks, such as the many local beer varieties or or mulled wine.\n5. Take a canal tour in a covered boat and enjoy the sights.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What can I do in Amsterdam on a rainy day?
open_qa	[ { "content": "Who played Dr. Jerry Buss in the show Winning Time?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "John C. Reilly", "role": "assistant" } ]	Who played Dr. Jerry Buss in the show Winning Time?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "Give me a list of actors who won an Oscar in the last 5 years and tell me for which movie they won it.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. Brendan Fraser, 2022, The Whale\n2. Will Smith, 2021, King Richard\n3. Anthony Hopkins, 2020, The father\n4. Joaquin Phoenix, 2019, Joker\n5. Rami Malek, 2018, Bohemian Rhapsody", "role": "assistant" } ]	Give me a list of actors who won an Oscar in the last 5 years and tell me for which movie they won it.
classification	[ { "content": "Classify the below car manufacturing companies based on their countries of origin.\nMazda, KIA, Hyundai, Ford, Honda, Toyota, Chevrolet", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Japan - Toyota, Mazda\nKorea - South Korea\nUSA - Chevrolet, Ford", "role": "assistant" } ]	Classify the below car manufacturing companies based on their countries of origin. Mazda, KIA, Hyundai, Ford, Honda, Toyota, Chevrolet
open_qa	[ { "content": "is customer support a great career", "role": "user" }, { "content": "yes", "role": "assistant" } ]	is customer support a great career
classification	[ { "content": "Which is a species of fish? Slimehead or Slimeball", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Slimehead", "role": "assistant" } ]	Which is a species of fish? Slimehead or Slimeball
closed_qa	[ { "content": "Novak Djokovic (Serbian Cyrillic: Новак Ђоковић, romanized: Novak Đoković, pronounced [nôʋaːk dʑôːkoʋitɕ] (listen); born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player. He is currently ranked the world No. 1 player in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), and has held the top position for a record total 381 weeks, finishing as the year-end No. 1 an Open Era record seven times. He has won a total of 93 singles titles on the men's ATP Tour with titles comprising a joint-record 22 majors, a record ten Australian Opens, a record 38 Masters, a joint-record six Tour Finals, and a record 66 Big Titles. Djokovic has completed a non-calendar year Grand Slam in singles, becoming the only man in tennis history to be the reigning champion of the four majors at once across three different surfaces. He is also the first man in the Open Era to achieve a double Career Grand Slam in singles and the only player to complete the career Golden Masters in singles by winning all of the nine Masters tournaments, which he has done twice. Given this paragraph about Novak Djokovic, how many majors titles does he currently hold?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "22", "role": "assistant" } ]	Novak Djokovic (Serbian Cyrillic: Новак Ђоковић, romanized: Novak Đoković, pronounced [nôʋaːk dʑôːkoʋitɕ] (listen); born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player. He is currently ranked the world No. 1 player in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), and has held the top position for a record total 381 weeks, finishing as the year-end No. 1 an Open Era record seven times. He has won a total of 93 singles titles on the men's ATP Tour with titles comprising a joint-record 22 majors, a record ten Australian Opens, a record 38 Masters, a joint-record six Tour Finals, and a record 66 Big Titles. Djokovic has completed a non-calendar year Grand Slam in singles, becoming the only man in tennis history to be the reigning champion of the four majors at once across three different surfaces. He is also the first man in the Open Era to achieve a double Career Grand Slam in singles and the only player to complete the career Golden Masters in singles by winning all of the nine Masters tournaments, which he has done twice. Given this paragraph about Novak Djokovic, how many majors titles does he currently hold?
summarization	[ { "content": "He was the Democratic leader of the state senate from 1996 to 2008, but he stepped down to explore a run for Governor of Indiana. From 2008 to 2014 Young served as the Minority Leader Pro Tempore. Young is also a co-founder and member of the Rural Caucus. Young served as the Ranking Democrat on the Agriculture and Natural Resources and Local Government committees. From given text, Please jot down some points about Richard D. Young", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. From 1996 to 2008, Richard D. Young served as the Democratic leader of the state senate, but he resigned to consider running for governor of Indiana.\n2. Young served as the Minority Leader Pro Tempore from 2008 until 2014.\n3. Young joined the Rural Caucus as a member and co-founder.\n4. Young served as the top Democrat on the committees for local government and agriculture and natural resources.", "role": "assistant" } ]	He was the Democratic leader of the state senate from 1996 to 2008, but he stepped down to explore a run for Governor of Indiana. From 2008 to 2014 Young served as the Minority Leader Pro Tempore. Young is also a co-founder and member of the Rural Caucus. Young served as the Ranking Democrat on the Agriculture and Natural Resources and Local Government committees. From given text, Please jot down some points about Richard D. Young
general_qa	[ { "content": "Let’s solve the following math problem. Each rabbit has 4 feets and each duck has 2 feets. If there are in total 25 heads and 88 feets, how many rabbits and how many ducks are there?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Let’s use equations to solve it! \nLet the number of ducks be X and the number of rabbits be Y.\nWe have X + Y = 25 and 2X + 4Y = 88.\nSimplifying the first equation, we get Y = 25 - X\nSubstitute that in the second equation, we will get 2X + 4(25-X) = 88,\nThus 100 - 2X = 88\nWhich means 2X = 100 – 88 = 12, thus X = 6.\nWe substitute back into the first equation, we have Y = 25 - 6 = 19.\nThere are 6 ducks and 19 rabbits!", "role": "assistant" } ]	Let’s solve the following math problem. Each rabbit has 4 feets and each duck has 2 feets. If there are in total 25 heads and 88 feets, how many rabbits and how many ducks are there?
open_qa	[ { "content": "What is EDM?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "EDM is short for electronic dance music. It is a genre that is made up or electronic musical melodies and is sometimes referred to as club or dance music.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is EDM?
classification	[ { "content": "When thinking about ways to describe communications, which of these adjectives describes verbosity, and which describe communication which is concise. Wordy, succinct, prattling, effusive, abridged, babbling.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Wordy, prattling, effusive and babbling are adjectives used to describe verbose communication. Succinct and abridged are adjectives describing concise communication.", "role": "assistant" } ]	When thinking about ways to describe communications, which of these adjectives describes verbosity, and which describe communication which is concise. Wordy, succinct, prattling, effusive, abridged, babbling.
information_extraction	[ { "content": "The movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity of which is usually measured in amperes. Current can consist of any moving charged particles; most commonly these are electrons, but any charge in motion constitutes a current. Electric current can flow through some things, electrical conductors, but will not flow through an electrical insulator.\nBy historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the electrons. However, depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The positive-to-negative convention is widely used to simplify this situation.\nThe process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles and the material through which they are travelling. Examples of electric currents include metallic conduction, where electrons flow through a conductor such as metal, and electrolysis, where ions (charged atoms) flow through liquids, or through plasmas such as electrical sparks. While the particles themselves can move quite slowly, sometimes with an average drift velocity only fractions of a millimetre per second, the electric field that drives them itself propagates at close to the speed of light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along wires.\nIn engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative. If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time. The time-averaged value of an alternating current is zero, but it delivers energy in first one direction, and then the reverse. Alternating current is affected by electrical properties that are not observed under steady state direct current, such as inductance and capacitance. These properties however can become important when circuitry is subjected to transients, such as when first energised. What do the terms direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) mean?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative. If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time.", "role": "assistant" } ]	The movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity of which is usually measured in amperes. Current can consist of any moving charged particles; most commonly these are electrons, but any charge in motion constitutes a current. Electric current can flow through some things, electrical conductors, but will not flow through an electrical insulator. By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the electrons. However, depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The positive-to-negative convention is widely used to simplify this situation. The process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles and the material through which they are travelling. Examples of electric currents include metallic conduction, where electrons flow through a conductor such as metal, and electrolysis, where ions (charged atoms) flow through liquids, or through plasmas such as electrical sparks. While the particles themselves can move quite slowly, sometimes with an average drift velocity only fractions of a millimetre per second, the electric field that drives them itself propagates at close to the speed of light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along wires. In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative. If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time. The time-averaged value of an alternating current is zero, but it delivers energy in first one direction, and then the reverse. Alternating current is affected by electrical properties that are not observed under steady state direct current, such as inductance and capacitance. These properties however can become important when circuitry is subjected to transients, such as when first energised. What do the terms direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) mean?
creative_writing	[ { "content": "What are books are available to get an understanding of California prior to the gold-rush of 1849?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A great resource for pre-Gold Rush California is the book \"Two Years Before the Mast\" by Richard Henry Dana who stepped away from Harvard Law School and signed up for a tour on the merchant vessel out of Boston in 1834. The book describes the voyage around the treacherous Cape Horn under the leadership of a hard and driving captain who shows little remorse or regard for his crew as the ship is battered below the cape by the confluence of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Awareness of Ahab of Melville's Moby Dick cannot help but inform your mental picture of this captain. \n\nThe ship makes its way up the coast, passing the newly independent countries of South and central America, to the northern part of Mexico, an area called Alta California. Traveling along the coast, the ship trades with the Spanish and indigenous peoples in tiny settlements and missions named San Diego, San Pedro, San Juan, Nuestra Señora La Reina de los Angeles de Porciuncula, Santa Barbara, Monterey and north to San Francisco Bay. \n\nDana's detailed descriptions of the natural harborages and the tiny settlements and missions are richly described and contrast sharply with the California we see today. One is left with the singular impression of the remoteness of California to those traveling from east cost of North America or Europe. \n\nThe crew was trading in hides and tallow, incredible to those reading from contemporary times, who consider the distance of the journey and the archaicness of the cargo. The trading goods seem altogether more ancient when considering the change the entire area would undergo in 1848 at Sutter's Mill.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What are books are available to get an understanding of California prior to the gold-rush of 1849?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "Pitch me some bad ideas for cologne scents.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "- Goat cheese\n- Dead bird\n- Nursing home\n- Gasoline\n- Carcase\n- Sweat\n- Basement must\n- Mold", "role": "assistant" } ]	Pitch me some bad ideas for cologne scents.
information_extraction	[ { "content": "Urmas was born in Tallinn. He graduated from the University of Tartu in 1996 with a BA in political science and continued his graduate studies there, but without obtaining the degree. He was active in journalism during his studies, first at Estonian Radio and later at Postimees, a mainstream daily and one of Estonia's most popular newspapers. In the following passage, replace Tallinn with Helsinki and Estonian with Finland.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Urmas was born in Helsinki. He graduated from the University of Tartu in 1996 with a BA in political science and continued his graduate studies there, but without obtaining the degree. He was active in journalism during his studies, first at Finland Radio and later at Postimees, a mainstream daily and one of Finland's most popular newspapers.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Urmas was born in Tallinn. He graduated from the University of Tartu in 1996 with a BA in political science and continued his graduate studies there, but without obtaining the degree. He was active in journalism during his studies, first at Estonian Radio and later at Postimees, a mainstream daily and one of Estonia's most popular newspapers. In the following passage, replace Tallinn with Helsinki and Estonian with Finland.
summarization	[ { "content": "Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls, and noticed that she often enjoyed giving them adult roles. At the time, most children's toy dolls were representations of infants. Realizing that there could be a gap in the market, Handler suggested the idea of an adult-bodied doll to her husband Elliot, a co-founder of the Mattel toy company. He was unenthusiastic about the idea, as were Mattel's directors.\n\nDuring a trip to Europe in 1956 with her children Barbara and Kenneth, Ruth Handler came across a German toy doll called Bild Lilli. The adult-figured doll was exactly what Handler had in mind, so she purchased three of them. She gave one to her daughter and took the others back to Mattel. The Lilli doll was based on a popular character appearing in a comic strip drawn by Reinhard Beuthin for the newspaper Bild. Lilli was a blonde bombshell, a working girl who knew what she wanted and was not above using men to get it. The Lilli doll was first sold in Germany in 1955, and although it was initially sold to adults, it became popular with children who enjoyed dressing her up in outfits that were available separately. Give me an overview of the inspiration of the development of Barbie based on this passage", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Barbie Doll was invented by Ruth Handler, who was inspired by a German Doll called Bild Lilli. Unlike most American dolls, which were infants, Lilli was an adult. Ruth was inspired to make a similar type of doll for her daughter because she noticed her daughter liked to give her dolls adult rolls.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls, and noticed that she often enjoyed giving them adult roles. At the time, most children's toy dolls were representations of infants. Realizing that there could be a gap in the market, Handler suggested the idea of an adult-bodied doll to her husband Elliot, a co-founder of the Mattel toy company. He was unenthusiastic about the idea, as were Mattel's directors. During a trip to Europe in 1956 with her children Barbara and Kenneth, Ruth Handler came across a German toy doll called Bild Lilli. The adult-figured doll was exactly what Handler had in mind, so she purchased three of them. She gave one to her daughter and took the others back to Mattel. The Lilli doll was based on a popular character appearing in a comic strip drawn by Reinhard Beuthin for the newspaper Bild. Lilli was a blonde bombshell, a working girl who knew what she wanted and was not above using men to get it. The Lilli doll was first sold in Germany in 1955, and although it was initially sold to adults, it became popular with children who enjoyed dressing her up in outfits that were available separately. Give me an overview of the inspiration of the development of Barbie based on this passage
open_qa	[ { "content": "How does meditation help?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Meditation helps relax the mind by helping it focus on a specific object (such as breathing). This brings the mind to that object by cutting down the noise of multitude of thoughts that keep swarming in our minds. Meditation also helps train the mind to focus on a topic and be more present in conversations, with people or at work. Finally, it's helps reduce stress too as the mind does not spend too much time circling on negative thoughts.", "role": "assistant" } ]	How does meditation help?
classification	[ { "content": "I'm putting together an exercise plan that needs to have both cardio and strength exercises, but I want to separate exercises into each category. Running, deadlifts, cycling, pushups, swimming, jump rope, lunges and squats.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Running, cycling, swimming and jump rope are all forms of cardio exercise. Deadlifts, pushups, lunges and squats are forms of strength exercise.", "role": "assistant" } ]	I'm putting together an exercise plan that needs to have both cardio and strength exercises, but I want to separate exercises into each category. Running, deadlifts, cycling, pushups, swimming, jump rope, lunges and squats.
summarization	[ { "content": "Bath & Body Works was founded in 1990 in New Albany, Ohio. The company's first store opened in a Cambridge, Massachusetts mall in September 1990. In 1997, a secondary brand called Bath & Body Works at Home was launched. Two years later the company launched the White Barn Candle Company, a division specializing in the sale of scented candles. Extract some details about the company 'Bath & Body Works' from the given passage", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1.\tIn 1990, New Albany, Ohio, Bath & Body Works was founded.\n2.\tIn the same year Sept 1990 , the company's first store was opened in a Cambridge, Massachusetts mall.\n3.\tIn year 1997, a secondary brand called Bath & Body Works at Home was also launched.\n4.\tTwo years after the lauch, they launched another company named the White Barn Candle Company, a division specializing in the sale of scented candles.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Bath & Body Works was founded in 1990 in New Albany, Ohio. The company's first store opened in a Cambridge, Massachusetts mall in September 1990. In 1997, a secondary brand called Bath & Body Works at Home was launched. Two years later the company launched the White Barn Candle Company, a division specializing in the sale of scented candles. Extract some details about the company 'Bath & Body Works' from the given passage
open_qa	[ { "content": "What is the company zoom?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Zoom is a video communication protocol used by many companies today. Zoom has been used by school to conduct at home schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. Zoom is also used by big Fortune 500 corporations to conduct business meetings internally with employees and externally with customers and other accounts. The virtual interaction offered by zoom is a great alternative to save costs on in-person meetings where physical travel is required. The company was founded in 2011 and has about 8500 employees as of 2023.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is the company zoom?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "Give me a list of the US Open Golf Venues from 1981-1985", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1981 - Merion Golf Course (East Course) in Ardmore, Pennsylvania\n1982 - Pebble Beach Golf Links in Pebble Beach, California\n1983 - Oakmont Country Club in Plum, Pennsylvania\n1984 - Winged Foot Golf Course (West Course)\tin Mamaroneck, New York\n1985 - Oakmont Country Club in Plum, Pennsylvania", "role": "assistant" } ]	Give me a list of the US Open Golf Venues from 1981-1985
classification	[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Lummi stick, Timple", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Timple is string, Lummi stick is percussion.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Lummi stick, Timple
general_qa	[ { "content": "What is gravity?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Gravity is the force by which a planet or other body draws objects toward its center. The force of gravity keeps all of the planets in orbit around the sun.\nGravity (or the acceleration due to gravity) is 9.81 meters per second squared, on the surface of Earth, because of the size of Earth and the distance we are on its surface from its center.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is gravity?
general_qa	[ { "content": "What is process manufacturing?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Process manufacturing is the branch of manufacturing that manufactures goods by combining ingredients that include raw materials and chemicals following a recipe with a specific formulae. This recipe is often kept as a trade secret and often includes variables like heat, moisture content, mixing rates etc. Examples of goods due to process manufacturing include face creams, shampoos, beers and pharmaceutical products.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is process manufacturing?