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brainstorming
[ { "content": "Give me a list of pizza restaurants in San Francisco", "role": "user" }, { "content": "There are a lot of different types of pizza restaurants in San Francisco. For more casual pizza restaurants, try any Round Table, Dominos, Pizza Hut, or for a more local experience, Golden Boy Pizza. \n\nIf you're interested in sit down dining pizza options, try Del Popolo, Tony's Slice House, or Il Casaro in North Beach.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Give me a list of pizza restaurants in San Francisco
classification
[ { "content": "Classify each of the following as either a dog breed or a cat breed: Himalayan, snowshoe, Norwegian Forest, American Eskimo, keeshond, Persian, Jack Russell terrier", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Dog breed: American Eskimo, keeshond, Jack Russell terrier\nCat breed: Himalayan, snowshoe, Norwegian Forest, Persian", "role": "assistant" } ]
Classify each of the following as either a dog breed or a cat breed: Himalayan, snowshoe, Norwegian Forest, American Eskimo, keeshond, Persian, Jack Russell terrier
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Provide a list of the best baseball players of all time", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. Babe Ruth\n2. Ted Williams\n3. Mickey Mantle\n4. Tony Gwynn\n5. Ken Griffey Jr\n6. Cal Ripken Jr\n7. Mike Trout\n8. Hank Aaron", "role": "assistant" } ]
Provide a list of the best baseball players of all time
summarization
[ { "content": "The Salvation Army (TSA) is a Protestant Christian church and an international charitable organization headquartered in London, England that is aligned with the Wesleyan-Holiness movement. The organisation reports a worldwide membership of over 1.7 million, comprising soldiers, officers and adherents collectively known as Salvationists. Its founders sought to bring salvation to the poor, destitute, and hungry by meeting both their \"physical and spiritual needs\". It is present in 133 countries, running charity shops, operating shelters for the homeless and disaster relief, and humanitarian aid to developing countries.\n\nThe theology of the Salvation Army is derived from Methodism, although it is distinctive in institution and practice. A distinctive characteristic of the Salvation Army is its use of titles derived from military ranks, such as \"lieutenant\" or \"major\". It does not celebrate the rites of Baptism and Holy Communion. However, the Army's doctrine is aligned with the Wesleyan–Arminian tradition, particularly the holiness movement. The Army's purposes are \"the advancement of the Christian religion... of education, the relief of poverty, and other charitable objects beneficial to society or the community of mankind as a whole\".\n\nThe Army was founded in 1865 in London by one-time Methodist preacher William Booth and his wife Catherine as the East London Christian Mission, and can trace its origins to the Blind Beggar tavern. In 1878, Booth reorganised the mission, becoming its first General and introducing the military structure which has been retained as a matter of tradition. Its highest priority is its Christian principles. The current international leader of The Salvation Army and chief executive officer (CEO) is General Brian Peddle, who was elected by the High Council of The Salvation Army on 3 August 2018.\n\nIn 2011, Charity Watch rated the Salvation Army an \"A−\" to an \"A\", indicating a high level of financial efficiency and organisational transparency. The Salvation Army has received an A-rating from the American Institute of Philanthropy.\n\nThe Salvation Army is one of the world's largest providers of social aid,[citation needed] with expenditures including operating costs of $2.6 billion in 2004, helping more than 32 million people in the U.S. alone. In addition to community centres and disaster relief, the organisation does work in refugee camps, especially among displaced people in Africa. In the United Kingdom, the Salvation Army is no longer the largest nongovernmental provider of social services; however, it still provides a significant service to people in need. The Salvation Army is the fourth largest charity in the United States, with private donations in excess of $2 billion in 2022, and is a member of the American organisation Christian Churches Together. Can you write me a summary on this page then tell me who and how much traffic is drawn to this page from which regions around the world?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "I dont understand what long answer is but here is the link to the wilki page : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Salvation_Army", "role": "assistant" } ]
The Salvation Army (TSA) is a Protestant Christian church and an international charitable organization headquartered in London, England that is aligned with the Wesleyan-Holiness movement. The organisation reports a worldwide membership of over 1.7 million, comprising soldiers, officers and adherents collectively known as Salvationists. Its founders sought to bring salvation to the poor, destitute, and hungry by meeting both their "physical and spiritual needs". It is present in 133 countries, running charity shops, operating shelters for the homeless and disaster relief, and humanitarian aid to developing countries. The theology of the Salvation Army is derived from Methodism, although it is distinctive in institution and practice. A distinctive characteristic of the Salvation Army is its use of titles derived from military ranks, such as "lieutenant" or "major". It does not celebrate the rites of Baptism and Holy Communion. However, the Army's doctrine is aligned with the Wesleyan–Arminian tradition, particularly the holiness movement. The Army's purposes are "the advancement of the Christian religion... of education, the relief of poverty, and other charitable objects beneficial to society or the community of mankind as a whole". The Army was founded in 1865 in London by one-time Methodist preacher William Booth and his wife Catherine as the East London Christian Mission, and can trace its origins to the Blind Beggar tavern. In 1878, Booth reorganised the mission, becoming its first General and introducing the military structure which has been retained as a matter of tradition. Its highest priority is its Christian principles. The current international leader of The Salvation Army and chief executive officer (CEO) is General Brian Peddle, who was elected by the High Council of The Salvation Army on 3 August 2018. In 2011, Charity Watch rated the Salvation Army an "A−" to an "A", indicating a high level of financial efficiency and organisational transparency. The Salvation Army has received an A-rating from the American Institute of Philanthropy. The Salvation Army is one of the world's largest providers of social aid,[citation needed] with expenditures including operating costs of $2.6 billion in 2004, helping more than 32 million people in the U.S. alone. In addition to community centres and disaster relief, the organisation does work in refugee camps, especially among displaced people in Africa. In the United Kingdom, the Salvation Army is no longer the largest nongovernmental provider of social services; however, it still provides a significant service to people in need. The Salvation Army is the fourth largest charity in the United States, with private donations in excess of $2 billion in 2022, and is a member of the American organisation Christian Churches Together. Can you write me a summary on this page then tell me who and how much traffic is drawn to this page from which regions around the world?
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What are the first 21 cryptocurrencies by trading year?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "2009 - Bitcoin (BTC) the original cryptocurrency using 'proof-of-work' consensus,\n2011 - Namecoin (NMC) forked from bitcoin which allows users to protect DNS,\n2011 - Litecoin (LTC) forked from bitcoin to increase transactions speed and minimize fees,\n2012 - Ripple (XRP) developed to improve payments across the world,\n2012 - Peercoin (PPC) pioneer of 'proof-of-stake',\n2013 - Primecoin (XPM) proof-of-work system that searches for chains of prime numbers,\n2013 - Emercoin (EMC) developed first dSDKs (Decentralized Software Development Kit),\n2013 - Gridcoin (GRC) which rewards volunteer computing for science,\n2013 - Dogecoin (DOGE) fork of Litecoin and first 'meme coin',\n2014 - Vertcoin (VTC) open source GPU Bitcoin variant that mirrors BTC development,\n2014 - Auroracoin (AUR) Icelandic alternative to bitcoin and the Icelandic króna,\n2014 - DigitalNote (XDN) first hybrid blockchain with instant transactions,\n2014 - Monero (XMR) first 'privacy coin' allowing users to achieve greater anonymity,\n2014 - Tether (USDT) the first 'stablecoin' pegged 1:1 to the US dollar running on Ethereum,\n2015 - IOTA for Internet of Things using directed acyclic graph to store transactions,\n2015 - SixEleven (SIL) Bitcoin based decentralized key/value registration & transfer system,\n2015 - Ethereum (ETH) the first 'smart-contract' functionality,\n2016 - BitConnect (BCC), the first Ponzi Scheme cryptocurrency,\n2016 - Waves (WAVES) 'proof-of-stake' based platform for decentralized applications,\n2016 - Zcash (ZEC) 'privacy coin' forked from Bitcoin,\n2017 - Cardano (ADA) first full 'proof-of-stake' based blockchain for 'smart-contracts'", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are the first 21 cryptocurrencies by trading year?
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is the difference between AWS ECS and EKS?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "ECS is a scalable container orchestration platform that allows users to run, stop, and manage containers in a cluster. EKS, on the other hand, helps teams to build Kubernetes clusters on AWS without having to install Kubernetes on EC2 compute instances manually.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What is the difference between AWS ECS and EKS?
brainstorming
[ { "content": "How many months have less than 31 days?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "5 months have less than 31 days. April, June, September and November have 30 days. February has 28 or 29 days, depending on the year.", "role": "assistant" } ]
How many months have less than 31 days?
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Sintok is a small town Kubang Pasu District, Kedah, Malaysia. Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) is situated here.\n\nSintok is located about 52 kilometres from Alor Setar City and about twelve kilometres from Changlun Town. Sintok is reachable via Kuala Perlis-Changlun-Sintok expressway and via a road from Padang Terap.\n\nHistory\nThe name \"Sintok\" is taken from the name of a type of tree. The town was originally a remote settlement area for tin miners. However, due to its close proximity to the border of Malaysia-Thailand, Sintok was exposed to threats from the banned communist group. Hence, the government had to migrate all the original residents to a safer area, and declared the town are as a 'black area'. History recorded many killings of members of the security forces in the area.\n\nBy mid 1980s, the federal and state government agreed on building a university in Sintok. The university was named Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), literally translated as \"Northern University of Malaysia\", and construction started in the late 1980s to replace the temporary campus in Bandar Baru Darul Aman, Jitra.\n\nAs a memorial to the sacrifice by the security forces, a memorial structure was built in that UUM campus. A list of names of the members of the security forces that was killed by the communists was placed at this memorial structure.\n\nThe establishment of UUM campus has expedited the growth of new settlements like Bandar Baru Sintok and Bukit Kachi which is located opposite of Sungai Badak Forest Reserve. Given a reference text about Sintok, tell me where it is located.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sintok is located 12km from Changlu Town and 52km from Alor Setar City in Malaysia.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Sintok is a small town Kubang Pasu District, Kedah, Malaysia. Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) is situated here. Sintok is located about 52 kilometres from Alor Setar City and about twelve kilometres from Changlun Town. Sintok is reachable via Kuala Perlis-Changlun-Sintok expressway and via a road from Padang Terap. History The name "Sintok" is taken from the name of a type of tree. The town was originally a remote settlement area for tin miners. However, due to its close proximity to the border of Malaysia-Thailand, Sintok was exposed to threats from the banned communist group. Hence, the government had to migrate all the original residents to a safer area, and declared the town are as a 'black area'. History recorded many killings of members of the security forces in the area. By mid 1980s, the federal and state government agreed on building a university in Sintok. The university was named Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), literally translated as "Northern University of Malaysia", and construction started in the late 1980s to replace the temporary campus in Bandar Baru Darul Aman, Jitra. As a memorial to the sacrifice by the security forces, a memorial structure was built in that UUM campus. A list of names of the members of the security forces that was killed by the communists was placed at this memorial structure. The establishment of UUM campus has expedited the growth of new settlements like Bandar Baru Sintok and Bukit Kachi which is located opposite of Sungai Badak Forest Reserve. Given a reference text about Sintok, tell me where it is located.
classification
[ { "content": "Which months of the year are considered summer, spring, winter and autumn.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Seasons depend on where you live. In the US, summer is usually June through August. Spring is March through May. Fall is September through November. Winter is December through February.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Which months of the year are considered summer, spring, winter and autumn.
general_qa
[ { "content": "Why do people love Air Jordan shoes", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Michael Jordan is the best basketball player of all time. His talents and abilities we mimicked and idolized by millions of kids all over the globe. His shoes represented to the kid or adult who bought them that they too could be like Jordan...if they had the shoes. The different editions of shoes kept the demand from the public high and every new edition kept the consumers buying. They also created a cult following of collectors who would buy only to hold so that they could sell the at higher prices when certain editions were no longer available. Jordans became so popular that they had to do special edition versions of the earlier editions. This created an even larger community of collector types who would buy them up in bulk to create new markets for the coveted shoes. I, personally, am a huge fan of the 3's and 4's edition.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Why do people love Air Jordan shoes
closed_qa
[ { "content": "The 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament involved 68 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament that determined the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's basketball national champion for the 2022–23 season. The 84th annual edition of the tournament began on March 14, 2023, and concluded with the UConn Huskies defeating the San Diego State Aztecs, 76–59 in the championship game on April 3 at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas. Which team won the 2023 NCAA Men's National Championship?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The University of Connecticut Huskies", "role": "assistant" } ]
The 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament involved 68 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament that determined the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's basketball national champion for the 2022–23 season. The 84th annual edition of the tournament began on March 14, 2023, and concluded with the UConn Huskies defeating the San Diego State Aztecs, 76–59 in the championship game on April 3 at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas. Which team won the 2023 NCAA Men's National Championship?
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is structural genomics?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Structural genomics seeks to describe the 3-dimensional structure of every protein encoded by a given genome. This genome-based approach allows for a high-throughput method of structure determination by a combination of experimental and modeling approaches. The principal difference between structural genomics and traditional structural prediction is that structural genomics attempts to determine the structure of every protein encoded by the genome, rather than focusing on one particular protein. With full-genome sequences available, structure prediction can be done more quickly through a combination of experimental and modeling approaches, especially because the availability of large number of sequenced genomes and previously solved protein structures allows scientists to model protein structure on the structures of previously solved homologs.\n\nBecause protein structure is closely linked with protein function, the structural genomics has the potential to inform knowledge of protein function. In addition to elucidating protein functions, structural genomics can be used to identify novel protein folds and potential targets for drug discovery. Structural genomics involves taking a large number of approaches to structure determination, including experimental methods using genomic sequences or modeling-based approaches based on sequence or structural homology to a protein of known structure or based on chemical and physical principles for a protein with no homology to any known structure.\n\nAs opposed to traditional structural biology, the determination of a protein structure through a structural genomics effort often (but not always) comes before anything is known regarding the protein function. This raises new challenges in structural bioinformatics, i.e. determining protein function from its 3D structure.\n\nStructural genomics emphasizes high throughput determination of protein structures. This is performed in dedicated centers of structural genomics.\n\nWhile most structural biologists pursue structures of individual proteins or protein groups, specialists in structural genomics pursue structures of proteins on a genome wide scale. This implies large-scale cloning, expression and purification. One main advantage of this approach is economy of scale. On the other hand, the scientific value of some resultant structures is at times questioned. A Science article from January 2006 analyzes the structural genomics field.\n\nOne advantage of structural genomics, such as the Protein Structure Initiative, is that the scientific community gets immediate access to new structures, as well as to reagents such as clones and protein. A disadvantage is that many of these structures are of proteins of unknown function and do not have corresponding publications. This requires new ways of communicating this structural information to the broader research community. The Bioinformatics core of the Joint center for structural genomics (JCSG) has recently developed a wiki-based approach namely Open protein structure annotation network (TOPSAN) for annotating protein structures emerging from high-throughput structural genomics centers.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What is structural genomics?
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is an apple?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree. Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus Malus.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What is an apple?
classification
[ { "content": "Categorize each of the following fundamental particles as either interacting via the strong force, the electromagnetic force, the weak force, or the gravitation force: a neutrino, an electron, a proton, a neutron.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A neutrino interacts through the weak force.\nAn electron interacts through the electromagnetic force and the gravitational force.\nA proton interacts via the strong force , the electromagnetic force and the gravitational force.\nA neutron interacts via the strong force and the gravitational force.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Categorize each of the following fundamental particles as either interacting via the strong force, the electromagnetic force, the weak force, or the gravitation force: a neutrino, an electron, a proton, a neutron.
classification
[ { "content": "If we didn't want to risk a having a flat tire, which of these vehicles would we avoid: bus, car, truck, plane, train, kayak, helicopter.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Flat tires are only possible on a car, bus and truck, so avoid those. You can take a plane, train, kayak or helicopter without risking having a flat tire.", "role": "assistant" } ]
If we didn't want to risk a having a flat tire, which of these vehicles would we avoid: bus, car, truck, plane, train, kayak, helicopter.
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What can be done to resolve issues with climate change", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Climate change is dangerous as it alters the climate very rapidly leading to shift in seasons and damaging the habitats of wild life for example. Some ways to control it could be: \n1. Reduce air pollution - move towards electric vehicles. Also move towards renewable source of energy so that increased demand can be met.\n2. Control ozone depletion - Ban use of chemicals that encourage ozone hole depletion as this leads to melting of polar ice caps.\n3. Plant more trees - They help in regulating the environment.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What can be done to resolve issues with climate change
closed_qa
[ { "content": "The company was named after akamai, which means 'clever,' or more colloquially, 'cool' in Hawaiian, which Lewin had discovered in a Hawaiian-English dictionary after the suggestion of a colleague. What is the meaning of 'akamai'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "clever", "role": "assistant" } ]
The company was named after akamai, which means 'clever,' or more colloquially, 'cool' in Hawaiian, which Lewin had discovered in a Hawaiian-English dictionary after the suggestion of a colleague. What is the meaning of 'akamai'?
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Give me some tips to impress my aspiring Father-in-law.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. Try to be authentic self. It will cause you less stress in long run and also provide a chance to the other person to get to know you better.\n2. Be respectful. It is always good to understand other person's perspective specially when they are coming from a different generation.\n3. Light the conversation over the lighter topics or if required keep yourself up to date with the recent events happening in the world. Bonus points if you also know about the topics of interest for the other party.\n4. Relax and try to enjoy the time together. At the end of the day, both of you would like to know each other better. There can always be some judgement in the equation but with openness and mindful transparency, things should evolve constructively.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Give me some tips to impress my aspiring Father-in-law.
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Give me a popular quote from book, \"The Little Prince\".", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Little Prince might look like a children's book from cover, it is a book with full of wisdom bits for all readers. One of the most referred quote is \"And now here is my secret, a very simple secret: It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye.\"", "role": "assistant" } ]
Give me a popular quote from book, "The Little Prince".
classification
[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ainu fiddle, Apito", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Apito is percussion, Ainu fiddle is string.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ainu fiddle, Apito
closed_qa
[ { "content": "In 1985, teenager Marty McFly lives in Hill Valley, California, with his depressed alcoholic mother, Lorraine; his older siblings, who are professional and social failures; and his meek father, George, who is bullied by his supervisor, Biff Tannen. After Marty's band fails a music audition, he confides in his girlfriend, Jennifer Parker, that he fears becoming like his parents despite his ambitions.\n\nThat night, Marty meets his eccentric scientist friend, Emmett \"Doc\" Brown, in the Twin Pines mall parking lot. Doc unveils a time machine built from a modified DeLorean, powered by plutonium he swindled from Libyan terrorists. After Doc inputs a destination time of November 5, 1955 (the day he first conceived his time travel invention), the terrorists arrive unexpectedly and gun him down. Marty flees in the DeLorean, inadvertently activating time travel when he reaches 88 miles per hour (142 kilometers per hour).\n\nArriving in 1955, Marty discovers he has no plutonium to return. While exploring a burgeoning Hill Valley, Marty encounters his teenage father and discovers Biff was bullying George even then. George falls into the path of an oncoming car while spying on the teenage Lorraine changing clothes, and Marty is knocked unconscious while saving him. He wakes to find himself tended to by Lorraine, who becomes infatuated with him. Marty tracks down and convinces a younger Doc that he is from the future, but Doc explains the only source available in 1955 capable of generating the power required for time travel is a lightning bolt. Marty shows Doc a flyer from the future that documents an upcoming lightning strike at the town's courthouse. As Marty's siblings begin to fade from a photo he is carrying with him, Doc realizes Marty's actions are altering the future and jeopardizing his existence; Lorraine was supposed to tend to George instead of Marty after the car accident. Early attempts to get his parents acquainted fail, and Lorraine's infatuation with Marty deepens.\n\nLorraine asks Marty to the school dance, and he plots to feign inappropriate advances on her, allowing George to intervene and rescue her, but the plan goes awry when Biff's gang locks Marty in the trunk of the performing band's car, while Biff forces himself onto Lorraine. George arrives expecting to find Marty but is assaulted by Biff. After Biff hurts Lorraine, an enraged George knocks him unconscious and escorts the grateful Lorraine to the dance. The band frees Marty from their car, but the lead guitarist injures his hand in the process, so Marty takes his place, performing while George and Lorraine share their first kiss. With his future no longer in jeopardy, Marty heads to the courthouse to meet Doc.\n\nDoc discovers a letter from Marty warning him about his future and rips it, worried about the consequences. To save Doc, Marty recalibrates the DeLorean to return ten minutes before he left the future. The lightning strikes, sending Marty back to 1985, but the DeLorean breaks down, forcing Marty to run back to the mall. He arrives as Doc is being shot. While Marty grieves at his side, Doc sits up, revealing he pieced Marty's note back together and wore a bulletproof vest. He takes Marty home and departs to 2015 in the DeLorean. Marty wakes the next morning to discover his father is now a confident and successful science fiction author, his mother is fit and happy, his siblings are successful, and Biff is a servile valet in George's employ. As Marty reunites with Jennifer, Doc suddenly reappears in the DeLorean, insisting they return with him to the future to save their children from terrible fates. given the plot of 1985 hit Back to the future, how could Marty McFly have avoided having to reconcile his mother and father in order to save his life?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "He could have not push his father out of the way when he fell into the path of an oncoming car.", "role": "assistant" } ]
In 1985, teenager Marty McFly lives in Hill Valley, California, with his depressed alcoholic mother, Lorraine; his older siblings, who are professional and social failures; and his meek father, George, who is bullied by his supervisor, Biff Tannen. After Marty's band fails a music audition, he confides in his girlfriend, Jennifer Parker, that he fears becoming like his parents despite his ambitions. That night, Marty meets his eccentric scientist friend, Emmett "Doc" Brown, in the Twin Pines mall parking lot. Doc unveils a time machine built from a modified DeLorean, powered by plutonium he swindled from Libyan terrorists. After Doc inputs a destination time of November 5, 1955 (the day he first conceived his time travel invention), the terrorists arrive unexpectedly and gun him down. Marty flees in the DeLorean, inadvertently activating time travel when he reaches 88 miles per hour (142 kilometers per hour). Arriving in 1955, Marty discovers he has no plutonium to return. While exploring a burgeoning Hill Valley, Marty encounters his teenage father and discovers Biff was bullying George even then. George falls into the path of an oncoming car while spying on the teenage Lorraine changing clothes, and Marty is knocked unconscious while saving him. He wakes to find himself tended to by Lorraine, who becomes infatuated with him. Marty tracks down and convinces a younger Doc that he is from the future, but Doc explains the only source available in 1955 capable of generating the power required for time travel is a lightning bolt. Marty shows Doc a flyer from the future that documents an upcoming lightning strike at the town's courthouse. As Marty's siblings begin to fade from a photo he is carrying with him, Doc realizes Marty's actions are altering the future and jeopardizing his existence; Lorraine was supposed to tend to George instead of Marty after the car accident. Early attempts to get his parents acquainted fail, and Lorraine's infatuation with Marty deepens. Lorraine asks Marty to the school dance, and he plots to feign inappropriate advances on her, allowing George to intervene and rescue her, but the plan goes awry when Biff's gang locks Marty in the trunk of the performing band's car, while Biff forces himself onto Lorraine. George arrives expecting to find Marty but is assaulted by Biff. After Biff hurts Lorraine, an enraged George knocks him unconscious and escorts the grateful Lorraine to the dance. The band frees Marty from their car, but the lead guitarist injures his hand in the process, so Marty takes his place, performing while George and Lorraine share their first kiss. With his future no longer in jeopardy, Marty heads to the courthouse to meet Doc. Doc discovers a letter from Marty warning him about his future and rips it, worried about the consequences. To save Doc, Marty recalibrates the DeLorean to return ten minutes before he left the future. The lightning strikes, sending Marty back to 1985, but the DeLorean breaks down, forcing Marty to run back to the mall. He arrives as Doc is being shot. While Marty grieves at his side, Doc sits up, revealing he pieced Marty's note back together and wore a bulletproof vest. He takes Marty home and departs to 2015 in the DeLorean. Marty wakes the next morning to discover his father is now a confident and successful science fiction author, his mother is fit and happy, his siblings are successful, and Biff is a servile valet in George's employ. As Marty reunites with Jennifer, Doc suddenly reappears in the DeLorean, insisting they return with him to the future to save their children from terrible fates. given the plot of 1985 hit Back to the future, how could Marty McFly have avoided having to reconcile his mother and father in order to save his life?
information_extraction
[ { "content": "The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread. Its sites spanned an area from much of Pakistan, to northeast Afghanistan, and northwestern India. The civilisation flourished both in the alluvial plain of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial monsoon-fed rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the Ghaggar-Hakra, a seasonal river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.\n\nThe term Harappan is sometimes applied to the Indus civilisation after its type site Harappa, the first to be excavated early in the 20th century in what was then the Punjab province of British India and is now Punjab, Pakistan. The discovery of Harappa and soon afterwards Mohenjo-daro was the culmination of work that had begun after the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in the British Raj in 1861. There were earlier and later cultures called Early Harappan and Late Harappan in the same area. The early Harappan cultures were populated from Neolithic cultures, the earliest and best-known of which is Mehrgarh, in Balochistan, Pakistan. Harappan civilisation is sometimes called Mature Harappan to distinguish it from the earlier cultures.\n\nThe cities of the ancient Indus were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and techniques of handicraft and metallurgy. Mohenjo-daro and Harappa very likely grew to contain between 30,000 and 60,000 individuals, and the civilisation may have contained between one and five million individuals during its florescence. A gradual drying of the region during the 3rd millennium BCE may have been the initial stimulus for its urbanisation. Eventually it also reduced the water supply enough to cause the civilisation's demise and to disperse its population to the east.\n\nAlthough over a thousand Mature Harappan sites have been reported and nearly a hundred excavated, there are five major urban centres: Mohenjo-daro in the lower Indus Valley (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980 as \"Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro\"), Harappa in the western Punjab region, Ganeriwala in the Cholistan Desert, Dholavira in western Gujarat (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021 as \"Dholavira: A Harappan City\"), and Rakhigarhi in Haryana. The Harappan language is not directly attested, and its affiliation uncertain as the Indus script has remained undeciphered. A relationship with the Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian language family is favoured by a section of scholars. Find what was the population of Indus Valley Civilization from this paragraph", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Indus Valley Civilization at its peak had a population between one and five million people.", "role": "assistant" } ]
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread. Its sites spanned an area from much of Pakistan, to northeast Afghanistan, and northwestern India. The civilisation flourished both in the alluvial plain of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial monsoon-fed rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the Ghaggar-Hakra, a seasonal river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan. The term Harappan is sometimes applied to the Indus civilisation after its type site Harappa, the first to be excavated early in the 20th century in what was then the Punjab province of British India and is now Punjab, Pakistan. The discovery of Harappa and soon afterwards Mohenjo-daro was the culmination of work that had begun after the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in the British Raj in 1861. There were earlier and later cultures called Early Harappan and Late Harappan in the same area. The early Harappan cultures were populated from Neolithic cultures, the earliest and best-known of which is Mehrgarh, in Balochistan, Pakistan. Harappan civilisation is sometimes called Mature Harappan to distinguish it from the earlier cultures. The cities of the ancient Indus were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and techniques of handicraft and metallurgy. Mohenjo-daro and Harappa very likely grew to contain between 30,000 and 60,000 individuals, and the civilisation may have contained between one and five million individuals during its florescence. A gradual drying of the region during the 3rd millennium BCE may have been the initial stimulus for its urbanisation. Eventually it also reduced the water supply enough to cause the civilisation's demise and to disperse its population to the east. Although over a thousand Mature Harappan sites have been reported and nearly a hundred excavated, there are five major urban centres: Mohenjo-daro in the lower Indus Valley (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980 as "Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro"), Harappa in the western Punjab region, Ganeriwala in the Cholistan Desert, Dholavira in western Gujarat (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021 as "Dholavira: A Harappan City"), and Rakhigarhi in Haryana. The Harappan language is not directly attested, and its affiliation uncertain as the Indus script has remained undeciphered. A relationship with the Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian language family is favoured by a section of scholars. Find what was the population of Indus Valley Civilization from this paragraph
open_qa
[ { "content": "What does bpa-free mean?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "BPA-Free refers to any plastics or other materials that do not contain any traces of Bisphenol-A. Most plastics including bottled waters use BPA-Free plastic because it has been shown when BPA plastics are exposed to heat that the BPA chemicals can leach into liquids and into food which people then ingest.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What does bpa-free mean?
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Anderson plays at a deliberate pace, and he is not as fast as more athletically gifted players. Popovich stated that he is \"not what you’d call a typical NBA athlete\". However, Anderson is praised for his basketball IQ. He is able to change speeds and fake out his opponents to keep them off balance. His methodical style earned him the nickname \"Slow Mo\" in eighth grade in AAU, and the name has stuck with him. \"[He] really understands how to use his speed—he's not super fast, but he's super bright and really knows how to use angles,\" said Kevin Boyle, who coached Anderson on the national team in 2012. USA Today described him as \"languid but quick enough to lead the fast break\". Anderson's defense was considered a weakness. In college, his teams usually played zone as he struggled containing smaller, quicker guards while playing man-to-man. His defense improved with the Spurs in 2017–18, when he guarded both forward positions while leveraging his wingspan and instincts. Against quicker small forwards, he uses his physicality to keep players off balance. Extract the reason why Anderson got the nickname 'Slow Mo'", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The reason is because Anderson plays at a deliberate pace, slower than most other peer players, while being able to use his high basketball IQ to change speeds and fake out his opponents on the court.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Anderson plays at a deliberate pace, and he is not as fast as more athletically gifted players. Popovich stated that he is "not what you’d call a typical NBA athlete". However, Anderson is praised for his basketball IQ. He is able to change speeds and fake out his opponents to keep them off balance. His methodical style earned him the nickname "Slow Mo" in eighth grade in AAU, and the name has stuck with him. "[He] really understands how to use his speed—he's not super fast, but he's super bright and really knows how to use angles," said Kevin Boyle, who coached Anderson on the national team in 2012. USA Today described him as "languid but quick enough to lead the fast break". Anderson's defense was considered a weakness. In college, his teams usually played zone as he struggled containing smaller, quicker guards while playing man-to-man. His defense improved with the Spurs in 2017–18, when he guarded both forward positions while leveraging his wingspan and instincts. Against quicker small forwards, he uses his physicality to keep players off balance. Extract the reason why Anderson got the nickname 'Slow Mo'
classification
[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Slenthem, Scheiholt", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Scheiholt is string, Slenthem is percussion.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Slenthem, Scheiholt
information_extraction
[ { "content": "The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a non-profit humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States. It is the designated US affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the United States movement to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. What is American Red Cross", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The American Red Cross is a non profit humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States", "role": "assistant" } ]
The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a non-profit humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States. It is the designated US affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the United States movement to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. What is American Red Cross
classification
[ { "content": "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Harvey Dent, Wilson Fisk", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Harvey Dent is DC, Wilson Fisk is Marvel", "role": "assistant" } ]
Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Harvey Dent, Wilson Fisk
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Come up with short road trips from Berkeley that I can drive to within two hours.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "From Berkeley, some destinations within a 2 hours drive include Napa, San Francisco, Sacramento, and Marin.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Come up with short road trips from Berkeley that I can drive to within two hours.
closed_qa
[ { "content": "At the 2004 Summer Olympics, she originally won the gold medal in shot put, but tested positive for stanozolol and was stripped of the medal. She later received a life ban from the IAAF in a Memorandum of 21 September 2005. Korzhanenko refused to return the gold medal, despite the pressure of the International Athletics Federation's officials. As of 2023, she has not returned the gold medal. Does Irina Korzhanenko still have her gold medal?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Yes, although she was stripped of the medal she refused to return it.", "role": "assistant" } ]
At the 2004 Summer Olympics, she originally won the gold medal in shot put, but tested positive for stanozolol and was stripped of the medal. She later received a life ban from the IAAF in a Memorandum of 21 September 2005. Korzhanenko refused to return the gold medal, despite the pressure of the International Athletics Federation's officials. As of 2023, she has not returned the gold medal. Does Irina Korzhanenko still have her gold medal?
summarization
[ { "content": "Chaix was born in Geneva, but both of his parents were French citizens; he studied at the Conservatoire de Musique de Genève but never became a Swiss national. In 1943 he joined Loys Choquart's Dixie Dandies ensemble, and in 1951 was a sideman for Claude Aubert's band, a group he would eventually become the leader of. He also began recording under his own name in the 1950s, both on solo piano and with ensembles, and worked as a sideman for American expatriates such as Sidney Bechet, Bill Coleman, and Albert Nicholas. He worked frequently as a leader in the 1960s and did many of his own arrangements; Roger Zufferey and Michel Pilet were some of his sideman. He also worked in the 1960s with Milt Buckner, Benny Carter, Buck Clayton, Guy Lafitte, Ray Nance, Rex Stewart, and Ben Webster. What instruments did Henri Chaix play?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Henri Chaix was a talented musician who played the solo piano and with ensembles.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Chaix was born in Geneva, but both of his parents were French citizens; he studied at the Conservatoire de Musique de Genève but never became a Swiss national. In 1943 he joined Loys Choquart's Dixie Dandies ensemble, and in 1951 was a sideman for Claude Aubert's band, a group he would eventually become the leader of. He also began recording under his own name in the 1950s, both on solo piano and with ensembles, and worked as a sideman for American expatriates such as Sidney Bechet, Bill Coleman, and Albert Nicholas. He worked frequently as a leader in the 1960s and did many of his own arrangements; Roger Zufferey and Michel Pilet were some of his sideman. He also worked in the 1960s with Milt Buckner, Benny Carter, Buck Clayton, Guy Lafitte, Ray Nance, Rex Stewart, and Ben Webster. What instruments did Henri Chaix play?
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is Bollywood", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Bollywood is a movie industry based in Mumbai, India. It primarily makes movies in Hindi language. Since it was based in a city previously known as Bombay, a convenient moniker Bollywood resembling Hollywood is used to describe Hindi language film industry.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What is Bollywood
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Cabernet Sauvignon (French: [kabɛʁnɛ soviɲɔ̃]) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Australia and British Columbia, Canada to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley. Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines, where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc. From France and Spain, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Paso Robles, Napa Valley, New Zealand's Hawke's Bay, South Africa's Stellenbosch region, Australia's Margaret River, McLaren Vale and Coonawarra regions, and Chile's Maipo Valley and Colchagua. For most of the 20th century, it was the world's most widely planted premium red wine grape until it was surpassed by Merlot in the 1990s. However, by 2015, Cabernet Sauvignon had once again become the most widely planted wine grape, with a total of 341,000 hectares (3,410 km2) under vine worldwide. Where is Cabernet Sauvignon grown?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "France, Spain, California, New Zealand, South Africa, Australia, Chile, Canada", "role": "assistant" } ]
Cabernet Sauvignon (French: [kabɛʁnɛ soviɲɔ̃]) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Australia and British Columbia, Canada to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley. Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines, where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc. From France and Spain, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Paso Robles, Napa Valley, New Zealand's Hawke's Bay, South Africa's Stellenbosch region, Australia's Margaret River, McLaren Vale and Coonawarra regions, and Chile's Maipo Valley and Colchagua. For most of the 20th century, it was the world's most widely planted premium red wine grape until it was surpassed by Merlot in the 1990s. However, by 2015, Cabernet Sauvignon had once again become the most widely planted wine grape, with a total of 341,000 hectares (3,410 km2) under vine worldwide. Where is Cabernet Sauvignon grown?
information_extraction
[ { "content": "In 1871, at the age of eight, Narendranath enrolled at Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's Metropolitan Institution, where he went to school until his family moved to Raipur in 1877. In 1879, after his family's return to Calcutta, he was the only student to receive first-division marks in the Presidency College entrance examination. He was an avid reader in a wide range of subjects, including philosophy, religion, history, social science, art and literature. He was also interested in Hindu scriptures, including the Vedas, the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the Puranas. Narendra was trained in Indian classical music, and regularly participated in physical exercise, sports and organised activities. Narendra studied Western logic, Western philosophy and European history at the General Assembly's Institution (now known as the Scottish Church College). In 1881, he passed the Fine Arts examination, and completed a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1884. Narendra studied the works of David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Baruch Spinoza, Georg W. F. Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, Auguste Comte, John Stuart Mill and Charles Darwin. He became fascinated with the evolutionism of Herbert Spencer and corresponded with him, translating Herbert Spencer's book Education (1861) into Bengali. While studying Western philosophers, he also learned Sanskrit scriptures and Bengali literature. As per the passage, list the subjects of which Narendranath was an avid reader.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "philosophy, religion, history, social science, art and literature", "role": "assistant" } ]
In 1871, at the age of eight, Narendranath enrolled at Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's Metropolitan Institution, where he went to school until his family moved to Raipur in 1877. In 1879, after his family's return to Calcutta, he was the only student to receive first-division marks in the Presidency College entrance examination. He was an avid reader in a wide range of subjects, including philosophy, religion, history, social science, art and literature. He was also interested in Hindu scriptures, including the Vedas, the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the Puranas. Narendra was trained in Indian classical music, and regularly participated in physical exercise, sports and organised activities. Narendra studied Western logic, Western philosophy and European history at the General Assembly's Institution (now known as the Scottish Church College). In 1881, he passed the Fine Arts examination, and completed a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1884. Narendra studied the works of David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Baruch Spinoza, Georg W. F. Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, Auguste Comte, John Stuart Mill and Charles Darwin. He became fascinated with the evolutionism of Herbert Spencer and corresponded with him, translating Herbert Spencer's book Education (1861) into Bengali. While studying Western philosophers, he also learned Sanskrit scriptures and Bengali literature. As per the passage, list the subjects of which Narendranath was an avid reader.
general_qa
[ { "content": "What helped Argentina win the World Cup, considering they were not the strongest team on paper?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Argentina in its run to the World Cup had a great track record of a continuous winning streak. It was complemented by the culture and passion for football infused in the country. The team played with a lot of passion and Lionel Messi was determined to create history.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What helped Argentina win the World Cup, considering they were not the strongest team on paper?
general_qa
[ { "content": "How do you gain muscle?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Gaining muscle mass requires proper exercise and a good diet. A good diet is important to give the body the nutrient it needs in order to sustain muscle growth. On the flip side, properly stressing the muscles will stimulate them to grow. This requires a variance of different exercises to work the muscle group. Otherwise, the muscle will build resistance to an often repeated exercise, and growth for that muscle will plateau.", "role": "assistant" } ]
How do you gain muscle?
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Give me a list of hobbies", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Pickleball, soccer, writing, reading, cooking, running, biking", "role": "assistant" } ]
Give me a list of hobbies
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is Ralph Baer famous for?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Invented video games", "role": "assistant" } ]
What is Ralph Baer famous for?
creative_writing
[ { "content": "Write an opening passage to a story that is based on a world where cloning is rampant, in the style of dark humor.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "I love the mornings. Everything feels original for a few moments. Until it hits me. My dog, licking my hand to rouse me from bed, is a copy. My moist hand was copied. My wife sleeping quietly beside me, perfect in every way, was cloned 4 days ago. It's not just living things either, my car, my coffee mug, my barbecue, my hockey sticks, all copies. My pajamas were copied after I burned my entire house down 5 days ago because I couldn't figure out how to stop a leak in my bathroom sink (I walked outside with the dog, but got new copies of everything the next day). It's a life full of convenience. I hate it.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Write an opening passage to a story that is based on a world where cloning is rampant, in the style of dark humor.
classification
[ { "content": "Classify the below companies based on their market capitalization into Small Cap and Large Cap.\nGravita, MapmyIndia, Airtel, Carysil", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Small Cap - Gravita, MapmyIndia, Carysil\nLarge Cap - Airtel", "role": "assistant" } ]
Classify the below companies based on their market capitalization into Small Cap and Large Cap. Gravita, MapmyIndia, Airtel, Carysil
classification
[ { "content": "Classify these artist as either country or pop: Dua Lipa, Harry Styles, Alan Jackson, Morgan Wallen, Taylor Swift, Thomas Rhett", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Pop: Dua Lipa, Harry Styles, Taylor Swift \nCountry: Morgan Wallen, Alan Jackson, Thomas Rhett", "role": "assistant" } ]
Classify these artist as either country or pop: Dua Lipa, Harry Styles, Alan Jackson, Morgan Wallen, Taylor Swift, Thomas Rhett
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Provide me with a some ideas on healthy activities I can do in nature.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Getting out in nature alone or with friends is healthy both physically and psychologically. If you are looking for an activity that will require you to be out in nature you could consider bushwalking. Many national parks have walking trails of varying length and difficulty. Golf is also a healthy outdoor activity that you can do with a small group of friends or colleagues. If the beach is more your style then bodyboarding, surfing and snorkling are beach activities that you can do solo or in a group.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Provide me with a some ideas on healthy activities I can do in nature.
summarization
[ { "content": "Beethoven expanded the formal and emotional scope – not to mention length – of nearly every genre in which he wrote. While he is most famous for his heightening of the symphonic form, Beethoven also had a dramatic influence on the piano sonata, violin sonata, string quartet and piano concerto, among several others. Only in the realm of vocal composition – opera and the mass – was his effect on later generations muted.\n\nBeethoven's stylistic innovations bridge the Classical and Romantic periods. The works of his early period brought the Classical form to its highest expressive level, expanding in formal, structural, and harmonic terms the musical idiom developed by predecessors such as Mozart and Haydn. The works of his middle period were more forward-looking, contributing to the musical language and thinking of the Romantic era, inspiring composers such as Franz Schubert, Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Richard Wagner, and Johannes Brahms. His late period works were characterized by formal, harmonic, and structural experimentation at the highest level, often pointing toward contrapuntal tendencies and microscopic textures, as well as an increasingly introverted compositional outlook. Though rightly credited as a major harbinger of the Romantic era in music that followed, Beethoven never abandoned the fundamental formal paradigms and generally objective artistic philosophy characterizing musical Classicism to the same extent that later composers such as Berlioz or even Schubert did. Based on the passage below, summarize Beethoven's contributions to western music.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "- Heightened the symphonic form and had a dramatic influence on the piano sonata, violin sonata, string quartet, piano concertos and other genres\n- Contributed to the musical language and thinking of the romantic era\n- Formal, harmonic and structural experimentation in his later works", "role": "assistant" } ]
Beethoven expanded the formal and emotional scope – not to mention length – of nearly every genre in which he wrote. While he is most famous for his heightening of the symphonic form, Beethoven also had a dramatic influence on the piano sonata, violin sonata, string quartet and piano concerto, among several others. Only in the realm of vocal composition – opera and the mass – was his effect on later generations muted. Beethoven's stylistic innovations bridge the Classical and Romantic periods. The works of his early period brought the Classical form to its highest expressive level, expanding in formal, structural, and harmonic terms the musical idiom developed by predecessors such as Mozart and Haydn. The works of his middle period were more forward-looking, contributing to the musical language and thinking of the Romantic era, inspiring composers such as Franz Schubert, Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Richard Wagner, and Johannes Brahms. His late period works were characterized by formal, harmonic, and structural experimentation at the highest level, often pointing toward contrapuntal tendencies and microscopic textures, as well as an increasingly introverted compositional outlook. Though rightly credited as a major harbinger of the Romantic era in music that followed, Beethoven never abandoned the fundamental formal paradigms and generally objective artistic philosophy characterizing musical Classicism to the same extent that later composers such as Berlioz or even Schubert did. Based on the passage below, summarize Beethoven's contributions to western music.
classification
[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cimbalom, Xiqin", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Xiqin is string, Cimbalom is percussion.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cimbalom, Xiqin
classification
[ { "content": "Classify each of the following as a new world or old world crop: Potato, Corn, Tomato, Wheat, Oat, Cacao, Apple, Olive", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Potato: New World, Corn: New World, Tomato: New World, Wheat: Old World, Oat: Old World, Cacao: New World, Apple: Old World, Olive: Old World", "role": "assistant" } ]
Classify each of the following as a new world or old world crop: Potato, Corn, Tomato, Wheat, Oat, Cacao, Apple, Olive
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Tulip mania (Dutch: tulpenmanie) was a period during the Dutch Golden Age when contract prices for some bulbs of the recently introduced and fashionable tulip reached extraordinarily high levels. The major acceleration started in 1634 and then dramatically collapsed in February 1637. It is generally considered to have been the first recorded speculative bubble or asset bubble in history. In many ways, the tulip mania was more of a then-unknown socio-economic phenomenon than a significant economic crisis. It had no critical influence on the prosperity of the Dutch Republic, which was one of the world's leading economic and financial powers in the 17th century, with the highest per capita income in the world from about 1600 to about 1720. The term \"tulip mania\" is now often used metaphorically to refer to any large economic bubble when asset prices deviate from intrinsic values. What does the term \"tulip mania\" mean?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The term \"tulip mania\" is now often used metaphorically to refer to any large economic bubble when asset prices deviate from intrinsic values.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Tulip mania (Dutch: tulpenmanie) was a period during the Dutch Golden Age when contract prices for some bulbs of the recently introduced and fashionable tulip reached extraordinarily high levels. The major acceleration started in 1634 and then dramatically collapsed in February 1637. It is generally considered to have been the first recorded speculative bubble or asset bubble in history. In many ways, the tulip mania was more of a then-unknown socio-economic phenomenon than a significant economic crisis. It had no critical influence on the prosperity of the Dutch Republic, which was one of the world's leading economic and financial powers in the 17th century, with the highest per capita income in the world from about 1600 to about 1720. The term "tulip mania" is now often used metaphorically to refer to any large economic bubble when asset prices deviate from intrinsic values. What does the term "tulip mania" mean?
creative_writing
[ { "content": "Explain the expression \"the days are long, and the years are short\" as it relates to raising children.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Every day you're exhausted and pushed to the limits. This can be from lack of sleep, because your child is waking up every few hours. Or it can be because whatever it is you're asking of your child, they don't want to do it. Or it can be because the strain is affecting your own ability to be kind and loving to both yourself, your spouse, and your children. Whatever the reasons, the feeling at the end of every night is one of utter exhaustion, where presumably this feeling is now your life, and will be so forever. But, in that exhaustion, it can be hard to either notice or truly appreciate beautiful little moments simultaneously occurring. For example, you might not pause to appreciate when they laugh at something you say or funny face you make. Or maybe you miss the beauty in witnessing their frustration and struggle as they persistently try to fit that round peg in the square hole. Or maybe the way they mispronounce certain words sounds so endearing, though you're more focused on helping them pronounce it correctly. These are all brief moments where you are witnessing the growth of your child. These moments are fleeting. They don't exist forever, because eventually they grow out of them. They don't find the same jokes or silly faces funny, they figure out the round peg fits in the round hole, and their word pronunciation improves. And when you notice those are past, you feel nostalgic. You wish you could relive those moments. In that nostalgia, you forget about all the exhaustion that came with the territory. Maybe the expression is best described as analogous to another expression \"the grass is greener on the other side\"", "role": "assistant" } ]
Explain the expression "the days are long, and the years are short" as it relates to raising children.
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Campanula cervicaria, also known as the bristly bellflower, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. Native to Scandinavia and central Europe, C. cervicaria has also become naturalised in parts of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Its natural habitat is woodland edges, hillside meadows, dry meadows and banks, and it also flourishes where soil has been disturbed, for example after slash-and-burn or forest clearance. The plant has a hairy stem, with light blue flowers about 1 to 2 centimetres (0.4 to 0.8 in) long and grouped together. This C. cervicaria flower was photographed in Keila, Estonia. Do you know any beautiful flower with purple petals and native to Scandinavia and central Europe?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Yes, Campanula cervicaria, also known as the bristly bellflower, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. It is Native to Scandinavia and central Europe, it has also become naturalised in parts of the U.S. state of Minnesota.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Campanula cervicaria, also known as the bristly bellflower, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. Native to Scandinavia and central Europe, C. cervicaria has also become naturalised in parts of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Its natural habitat is woodland edges, hillside meadows, dry meadows and banks, and it also flourishes where soil has been disturbed, for example after slash-and-burn or forest clearance. The plant has a hairy stem, with light blue flowers about 1 to 2 centimetres (0.4 to 0.8 in) long and grouped together. This C. cervicaria flower was photographed in Keila, Estonia. Do you know any beautiful flower with purple petals and native to Scandinavia and central Europe?
summarization
[ { "content": "Holy Week in Mexico is an important religious observance as well as important vacation period. It is preceded by several observances such as Lent and Carnival, as well as an observance of a day dedicated to the Virgin of the Sorrows, as well as a Mass marking the abandonment of Jesus by the disciples. Holy Week proper begins on Palm Sunday, with the palms used on this day often woven into intricate designs. In many places processions, Masses and other observances can happen all week, but are most common on Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday, with just about every community marking the crucifixion of Jesus in some way on Good Friday. Holy Saturday is marked by the Burning of Judas, especially in the center and south of the country, with Easter Sunday usually marked by a Mass as well as the ringing of church bells. Mexico's Holy Week traditions are mostly based on those from Spain, brought over with the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, but observances have developed variations in different parts of the country due to the evangelization process in the colonial period and indigenous influences. Several locations have notable observances related to Holy Week including Iztapalapa in Mexico City, Taxco, San Miguel de Allende and San Luis Potosí. What happens during Holy week in Mexico?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Holy Week in Mexico is a major religious celebration. Holy week starts on Palm Sunday and the major celebrations start on Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, the day marking the crucifixion of Jesus, and Easter Sunday when Jesus resurrected and marked by ringing of church bells.\nMexico's Holy week is based on traditions from Spain, with some variations due to the evangelisation process during the colonial period and indigenous influences, for example Iztapalapa in Mexico City, Taxco, San Miguel de Allende and San Luis Potosí.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Holy Week in Mexico is an important religious observance as well as important vacation period. It is preceded by several observances such as Lent and Carnival, as well as an observance of a day dedicated to the Virgin of the Sorrows, as well as a Mass marking the abandonment of Jesus by the disciples. Holy Week proper begins on Palm Sunday, with the palms used on this day often woven into intricate designs. In many places processions, Masses and other observances can happen all week, but are most common on Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday, with just about every community marking the crucifixion of Jesus in some way on Good Friday. Holy Saturday is marked by the Burning of Judas, especially in the center and south of the country, with Easter Sunday usually marked by a Mass as well as the ringing of church bells. Mexico's Holy Week traditions are mostly based on those from Spain, brought over with the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, but observances have developed variations in different parts of the country due to the evangelization process in the colonial period and indigenous influences. Several locations have notable observances related to Holy Week including Iztapalapa in Mexico City, Taxco, San Miguel de Allende and San Luis Potosí. What happens during Holy week in Mexico?
summarization
[ { "content": "Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are \"out\"). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information. What is the game of cricket?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams. A bowler from the bowling side delivers a ball between two wickets. Two batsman are on the wicket and one of them faces the ball. They score run by hitting the ball away and running between the wicket before the ball is returned to the wicket by a fielder.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are "out"). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information. What is the game of cricket?
general_qa
[ { "content": "What are the typical subjects that are studied in grade school in America?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "English - reading and writing, math, science, and social studies. Some schools also have dedicated class time for physical education, art, and music.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are the typical subjects that are studied in grade school in America?
general_qa
[ { "content": "Who are co-founders of Google?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Larry Page and ‎Sergey Brin", "role": "assistant" } ]
Who are co-founders of Google?
summarization
[ { "content": "From 1926 onwards, the fascias of the kiosks were emblazoned with a prominent crown, representing the British government. The red phone box is often seen as a British cultural icon throughout the world. In 2006, the K2 telephone box was voted one of Britain's top 10 design icons, which included the Mini, Supermarine Spitfire, London tube map, World Wide Web, Concorde and the AEC Routemaster bus. In 2009, the K2 was selected by the Royal Mail for their \"British Design Classics\" commemorative postage stamp issue. Share some information regarding the Red Telephone box from the given text", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1.\tThe fascias of the kiosks began to bear a conspicuous crown, which stood in for the British government, in 1926.\n2.\tThe red phone box is very often seen as a British cultural icon all over the world.\n3.\tIn the year 2006, the K2 telephone box was voted one of Britain's top 10 design icons, which included the Mini, Supermarine Spitfire, London tube map, World Wide Web, Concorde and the AEC Routemaster bus.\n4.\tIn the year 2009, the K2 was selected by the Royal Mail for their \"British Design Classics\" commemorative postage stamp issue.", "role": "assistant" } ]
From 1926 onwards, the fascias of the kiosks were emblazoned with a prominent crown, representing the British government. The red phone box is often seen as a British cultural icon throughout the world. In 2006, the K2 telephone box was voted one of Britain's top 10 design icons, which included the Mini, Supermarine Spitfire, London tube map, World Wide Web, Concorde and the AEC Routemaster bus. In 2009, the K2 was selected by the Royal Mail for their "British Design Classics" commemorative postage stamp issue. Share some information regarding the Red Telephone box from the given text
open_qa
[ { "content": "In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Teague?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Torrence Teague", "role": "assistant" } ]
In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Teague?
open_qa
[ { "content": "Who wrote Vande Mataram poem?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Vande Mataram is a poem written in sanskritised Bengali by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. The poem was first published in 1882 as part of Chatterjee's Bengali novel Anandmath.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Who wrote Vande Mataram poem?
general_qa
[ { "content": "Write a review of Roger Zalazny's Lord of Light", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Brilliant. Since I'm not Indian, this doesn't feel like cultural appropriation to me.\n\nI really did enjoy the imaginative scifi here. Advanced enough technology does become magic. Sam and Yama have an awesome bromance and they work together to tear down the unjust hierarchy. Somehow I make the book sound way more lame than what it actually is. I'll stop here.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Write a review of Roger Zalazny's Lord of Light
open_qa
[ { "content": "Name some of the most popular TV shows of the 2010s", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Some of the most popular TV shows in the 2010s include Breaking Bad, Game of Thrones, Peaky Blinders, Succession or Better Call Saul", "role": "assistant" } ]
Name some of the most popular TV shows of the 2010s
classification
[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Handbell, Dobro", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Dobro is string, Handbell is percussion.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Handbell, Dobro
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is an acoholic?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "An alcoholic is someone who is unable to control the amount of alcohol they consume. Loss of control with any substance is how addiction starts. Alcoholism is a form of uncontrolled addiction. The most dangerous kind of addiction is one where a person is in denial that they have an addiction. Alcoholism like other additions if not treated can lead to kidney failure and ultimately death in the long run. It's best if you know someone with an alcoholic addition to try and intervene and get them help through a 12-step or alcoholics anonymous program.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What is an acoholic?
classification
[ { "content": "Which is a species of fish? Pickerel or Pickle", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Pickerel", "role": "assistant" } ]
Which is a species of fish? Pickerel or Pickle
open_qa
[ { "content": "What are some interesting things to do in the spa town of Harrogate, North Yorkshire?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Some interesting things to do in the spa town of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, are to visit the Royal Pump Room Museum, take a stroll through the Valley Gardens, and have afternoon tea at Bettys Cafe Tea Rooms.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are some interesting things to do in the spa town of Harrogate, North Yorkshire?
classification
[ { "content": "Which one of these is a music band, and which one is a Football team : Manchester United, Linkin Park ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Linkin Park is a music band. Manchester United is a Football team.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Which one of these is a music band, and which one is a Football team : Manchester United, Linkin Park ?
closed_qa
[ { "content": "The 2022 FIFA World Cup was an international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of FIFA's member associations and 22nd edition of the FIFA World Cup. It took place in Qatar from 20 November to 18 December 2022, making it the first World Cup held in the Arab world and Muslim world, and the second held entirely in Asia after the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan.[A]\n\nThis tournament was the last with 32 participating teams, with the number of teams being increased to 48 for the 2026 edition. To avoid the extremes of Qatar's hot climate,[B] the event was held during November and December.[C] It was held over a reduced time frame of 29 days with 64 matches played in eight venues across five cities. Qatar entered the event—their first World Cup—automatically as the host's national team, alongside 31 teams determined by the qualification process.\n\nArgentina were crowned the champions after winning the final against the title holder France 4–2 on penalties following a 3–3 draw after extra time. It was Argentina's third title and their first since 1986, as well being the first nation from outside of Europe to win the tournament since 2002. French player Kylian Mbappé became the first player to score a hat-trick in a World Cup final since Geoff Hurst in the 1966 final and won the Golden Boot as he scored the most goals (eight) during the tournament. Argentine captain Lionel Messi was voted the tournament's best player, winning the Golden Ball. Teammates Emiliano Martínez and Enzo Fernández won the Golden Glove, awarded to the tournament's best goalkeeper, and the Young Player Award, awarded to the tournament's best young player, respectively. With 172 goals, the tournament set a new record for the highest number of goals scored with the 32-team format, with every participating team scoring at least one goal.\n\nThe choice to host the World Cup in Qatar attracted significant criticism, with concerns raised over the country's treatment of migrant workers, women and members of the LGBT community, as well as Qatar's climate, lack of a strong football culture, scheduling changes, and allegations of bribery for hosting rights and wider FIFA corruption.[D] Based on the reference text, who won the men's 2022 FIFA World Cup and where was it located?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The men's 2022 FIFA world cup was located in Qatar. Argentina won the world cup, beating France on penalties after drawing 3-3 during the game.", "role": "assistant" } ]
The 2022 FIFA World Cup was an international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of FIFA's member associations and 22nd edition of the FIFA World Cup. It took place in Qatar from 20 November to 18 December 2022, making it the first World Cup held in the Arab world and Muslim world, and the second held entirely in Asia after the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan.[A] This tournament was the last with 32 participating teams, with the number of teams being increased to 48 for the 2026 edition. To avoid the extremes of Qatar's hot climate,[B] the event was held during November and December.[C] It was held over a reduced time frame of 29 days with 64 matches played in eight venues across five cities. Qatar entered the event—their first World Cup—automatically as the host's national team, alongside 31 teams determined by the qualification process. Argentina were crowned the champions after winning the final against the title holder France 4–2 on penalties following a 3–3 draw after extra time. It was Argentina's third title and their first since 1986, as well being the first nation from outside of Europe to win the tournament since 2002. French player Kylian Mbappé became the first player to score a hat-trick in a World Cup final since Geoff Hurst in the 1966 final and won the Golden Boot as he scored the most goals (eight) during the tournament. Argentine captain Lionel Messi was voted the tournament's best player, winning the Golden Ball. Teammates Emiliano Martínez and Enzo Fernández won the Golden Glove, awarded to the tournament's best goalkeeper, and the Young Player Award, awarded to the tournament's best young player, respectively. With 172 goals, the tournament set a new record for the highest number of goals scored with the 32-team format, with every participating team scoring at least one goal. The choice to host the World Cup in Qatar attracted significant criticism, with concerns raised over the country's treatment of migrant workers, women and members of the LGBT community, as well as Qatar's climate, lack of a strong football culture, scheduling changes, and allegations of bribery for hosting rights and wider FIFA corruption.[D] Based on the reference text, who won the men's 2022 FIFA World Cup and where was it located?
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Kyoto is one of the oldest municipalities in Japan, having been chosen in 794 as the new seat of Japan's imperial court by Emperor Kanmu. The original city, named Heian-kyō, was arranged in accordance with traditional Chinese feng shui following the model of the ancient Chinese capitals of Chang'an and Luoyang. The emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869. It was the scene of several key events of the Muromachi period, Sengoku period, and the Boshin War, such as the Ōnin War, the Honnō-ji Incident, the Kinmon incident and the Battle of Toba–Fushimi. The capital was relocated from Kyoto to Tokyo after the Meiji Restoration. When was Kyoto the capital of Japan?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto from 794 as the new seat of Japan's imperial court for eleven centuries until 1869.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Kyoto is one of the oldest municipalities in Japan, having been chosen in 794 as the new seat of Japan's imperial court by Emperor Kanmu. The original city, named Heian-kyō, was arranged in accordance with traditional Chinese feng shui following the model of the ancient Chinese capitals of Chang'an and Luoyang. The emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869. It was the scene of several key events of the Muromachi period, Sengoku period, and the Boshin War, such as the Ōnin War, the Honnō-ji Incident, the Kinmon incident and the Battle of Toba–Fushimi. The capital was relocated from Kyoto to Tokyo after the Meiji Restoration. When was Kyoto the capital of Japan?
classification
[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Pellet drum, Rajao", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Rajao is string, Pellet drum is percussion", "role": "assistant" } ]
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Pellet drum, Rajao
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Grenfell (Canada 2016 Census population 1,099) is a town in Southern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is situated at the junction of Highway 47 and the Trans-Canada Highway 1 80 miles (130 km) east of Regina, the provincial capital. It is 15 miles (24 km) south of the Qu'Appelle Valley where Crooked Lake Provincial Park (at Crooked Lake) and Bird's Point Resort (at Round Lake) are popular beach destinations in summer and are accessed by Highway 47. European settlement from Ontario and the British Isles began in 1882 before the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the site of the town, and \"the town's name honours Pasco du Pre Grenfell, a railway company official.\" The post office was established in 1883. Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description}", "role": "user" }, { "content": "• 2016 - As of this date, the population of Grenfell, Saskatchewan was 1,099 people\n• 1882 - European settlement of what became Grenfell, Saskatchewan began in this year.\n• 1883 - This is when the post office of Grenfell was established.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Grenfell (Canada 2016 Census population 1,099) is a town in Southern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is situated at the junction of Highway 47 and the Trans-Canada Highway 1 80 miles (130 km) east of Regina, the provincial capital. It is 15 miles (24 km) south of the Qu'Appelle Valley where Crooked Lake Provincial Park (at Crooked Lake) and Bird's Point Resort (at Round Lake) are popular beach destinations in summer and are accessed by Highway 47. European settlement from Ontario and the British Isles began in 1882 before the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the site of the town, and "the town's name honours Pasco du Pre Grenfell, a railway company official." The post office was established in 1883. Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description}
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is the route to eternal happiness?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Being at peace with oneself is the route to happiness. When our minds are not running after material goals but instead being comfortable in the current and now, that's what leads to sustained happiness. Else one is running after temporal happiness, which come in the form of something that satisfies us in the moment but us not sustaining - e.g. watching TV or eating good food. Eternal happiness comes from the state of mind and not from achieving a goal we are conditioned towards", "role": "assistant" } ]
What is the route to eternal happiness?
classification
[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Gehu, Venu", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Venu is woodwind, Gehu is string.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Gehu, Venu
summarization
[ { "content": "This indirect elections were held during the Chinese Civil War. Chiang Kai-shek, the incumbent leader of the Nationalist government, won a landslide victory against the same party candidate Ju Zheng in the presidential election. However, Sun Fo, Chiang's preferred Vice-Presidential candidate, was defeated by General Li Zongren in the vice-presidential elections. Who won the Chinese presidential elections of 1948?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Chiang Kai-shek won a landslide victory in the presidential election. General Li Zongren won the vice-presidential elections.", "role": "assistant" } ]
This indirect elections were held during the Chinese Civil War. Chiang Kai-shek, the incumbent leader of the Nationalist government, won a landslide victory against the same party candidate Ju Zheng in the presidential election. However, Sun Fo, Chiang's preferred Vice-Presidential candidate, was defeated by General Li Zongren in the vice-presidential elections. Who won the Chinese presidential elections of 1948?
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born on March 28, 1986, at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, to an upper middle class Catholic family. Both of her parents have Italian ancestry. Her parents are Cynthia Louise (née Bissett), a philanthropist and business executive, and Internet entrepreneur Joseph Germanotta, and she has a younger sister named Natali. Brought up on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, Gaga said in an interview that her parents came from lower-class families and worked hard for everything. From age 11, she attended the Convent of the Sacred Heart, a private all-girls Roman Catholic school. Gaga has described her high-school self as \"very dedicated, very studious, very disciplined\" but also \"a bit insecure\". She considered herself a misfit and was mocked for \"being either too provocative or too eccentric\" Given this paragraph on Lady Gaga, tell me where she was born, the middle and high school she attended and how she considered herself in high school.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Lady Gaga was born at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York City. From age 11 Lady Gaga attended Convent of Sacred Heart, an all-girls Roman Catholic school. In high school she considered herself a misfit.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born on March 28, 1986, at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, to an upper middle class Catholic family. Both of her parents have Italian ancestry. Her parents are Cynthia Louise (née Bissett), a philanthropist and business executive, and Internet entrepreneur Joseph Germanotta, and she has a younger sister named Natali. Brought up on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, Gaga said in an interview that her parents came from lower-class families and worked hard for everything. From age 11, she attended the Convent of the Sacred Heart, a private all-girls Roman Catholic school. Gaga has described her high-school self as "very dedicated, very studious, very disciplined" but also "a bit insecure". She considered herself a misfit and was mocked for "being either too provocative or too eccentric" Given this paragraph on Lady Gaga, tell me where she was born, the middle and high school she attended and how she considered herself in high school.
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Have any women won the Nobel Prize in Physics?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Four women have won the Nobel Prize in Physics: Marie Skłodowska-Curie (1903), Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1963), Donna Strickland (2018), and Andrea Ghez (2020).", "role": "assistant" } ]
Have any women won the Nobel Prize in Physics?
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What are the 5 best ways to control cortisol", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Listening to binaural sound with headphones, meditating for at least 5 minutes a day, reading a book that has relaxing content for at least 30 minutes a day, taking in sunlight at dawn or dusk for at least 10 minutes a day, walking daily for at least 30 minutes a day", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are the 5 best ways to control cortisol
open_qa
[ { "content": "What are the qualities of good compost for a vegetable garden?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Compost can be added to the soil in a vegetable garden. Positive qualities of good compost for growing vegetables include absorbency and soluble minerals. Good compost will hold an appropriate amount of moisture and contain a mix of minerals that are bioavailable for the plants in the garden.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are the qualities of good compost for a vegetable garden?
information_extraction
[ { "content": "The Croatian referendum on independence was held in May 1991, with 93% of voters supporting independence. On 25 June, the Croatian Parliament (Sabor) proclaimed Croatian independence. Seven days later, on 7 July, Croatia and Slovenia both signed the Brioni Declaration, in which the two countries agreed to suspend all declarations and acts passed by the Croatian and Slovenian parliaments related to those states' secession from Yugoslavia for a period of three months. During that time, the Croatian War of Independence started.\n\nOn 8 October, the Croatian Parliament decided to end relations with Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in the Decision on the termination of the state and legal ties with other republics and provinces of Yugoslavia. That session was not held in the House of Parliament but instead in the basement of an INA building, because of the possibility of the repeat of an incident such as the bombing of Banski dvori.\n\nThe Government of Ivica Račan moved the Independence Day to 8 October in 2002, and 25 June was marked as a memorial day (working) under the name Statehood Day.\n\nOn 14 November 2019, the Croatian Parliament adopted a new law on holidays, and moved Independence Day back to 25 June. Previous date, 8 October, became a working memorial day under the name Day of the Croatian Parliament.. When is Croatian Independence Day?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Croatian Independence Day (Dan Neovisnosti) is celebrated on June 25th. The holiday was established in 2001, but was celebrated on October 8th from 2002 to 2019 which was the day in 1991 when Croatian Parliament declared to end relations with all of the Socialist Republics of Yugoslavia. June 25th, 1991 was the day when Croatian Parliament declared independence from Socialist Federal Republics of Yugoslavia.", "role": "assistant" } ]
The Croatian referendum on independence was held in May 1991, with 93% of voters supporting independence. On 25 June, the Croatian Parliament (Sabor) proclaimed Croatian independence. Seven days later, on 7 July, Croatia and Slovenia both signed the Brioni Declaration, in which the two countries agreed to suspend all declarations and acts passed by the Croatian and Slovenian parliaments related to those states' secession from Yugoslavia for a period of three months. During that time, the Croatian War of Independence started. On 8 October, the Croatian Parliament decided to end relations with Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in the Decision on the termination of the state and legal ties with other republics and provinces of Yugoslavia. That session was not held in the House of Parliament but instead in the basement of an INA building, because of the possibility of the repeat of an incident such as the bombing of Banski dvori. The Government of Ivica Račan moved the Independence Day to 8 October in 2002, and 25 June was marked as a memorial day (working) under the name Statehood Day. On 14 November 2019, the Croatian Parliament adopted a new law on holidays, and moved Independence Day back to 25 June. Previous date, 8 October, became a working memorial day under the name Day of the Croatian Parliament.. When is Croatian Independence Day?
general_qa
[ { "content": "What is the recipe to make non-spicy Awadhi chicken biryani?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "2 lb bone-in chicken\n2½ cups basmati rice, washed, rinsed, and soaked in water, for 30 minutes\n2 tablespoons vegetable oil\n2 bay leaves\n4 cloves\n4 green cardamom pods\n2 black cardamom pods\n10 black peppercorns\n1\" stick cinnamon\n½ cup yogurt, beaten\n½ cup red onion, sliced\n2 teaspoon garlic paste\n2 teaspoon ginger paste\nsalt, to taste\n½ tsp red chili powder or to taste\n½ cup red onion sliced and fried\n1 teaspoon garam masala powder\nOrange good color - a pinch\n1 chicken bouillon cube (optional)\n\nPrepare chicken\n\nHeat oil in a heavy bottomed pot. To this, add 1 bay leaf, 2 cloves, 2 green cardamom pods, 1 black cardamom, peppercorns and 1/4\" cinnamon. Sauté until fragrant. Next, add onion slices and fry on medium heat until onions turn golden brown.\nAdd garlic and ginger paste. Fry until the raw smell goes off.Add chicken and mix well. Add chilli powder, ½ tsp garam masala powder and yogurt. Mix well. Cover and cook on medium-low flame until chicken is cooked through. Add little water if needed to cook. However at the end, any remaining gravy should be evaporated.\n\nPrepare rice\n\nAdd 10 cups of water to a large deep heavy bottomed pot. Add 2 tsp salt, 1 bay leaf, 2 cloves, 2 green cardamom pods, 1 black cardamom, and 1/4\" cinnamon to the water. At this time,  you can also add the bouillon. Once the water is boiling, add soaked rice and gently stir to combine. Cook on medium high heat until the rice is cooked 90% through, stirring gently. Drain the rice and keep aside\n\nLayer chicken and rice \n\nIn the pot that you boiled the rice in, add 1/8 cup water. Take 1/3 cooked rice and spread a layer evenly. Then put a layer of 1/2 chicken. Generously sprinkle fried onions, oil, pinch of garam masala powder. Then repeat the rice and chicken layers alternating. The last layer should be rice on top. Add some oil and garam masala powder and fried onions on the top layer. Sprinkle orange food color. Close the lid and put on high heat until the water at the bottom of the pot starts steaming through. Then put the heat on low and cover the lid. Let it steam through for 15-20 min. Gently mix b folding over the chicken and rice layers. Biryani is ready!\n\n\nServe with cucumber \"raita\"", "role": "assistant" } ]
What is the recipe to make non-spicy Awadhi chicken biryani?
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Nkem-Nkechukwu Ojougboh (born August 11, 1987) is Nigerian professional basketball player. He was drafted in the second round (ninth pick) at the 2010 NBA Development League Draft by the Utah Flash, an affiliate of the Utah Jazz and Atlanta Hawks. Collegiately, Ojougboh played for the Northeastern University Huskies men's basketball team from 2007-2010 and for the University of Texas San Antonio in 2005. He played for the NBA Development League team Utah Flash in the 2010/11 NBA D-League season, and for the Tulsa 66ers in 2011/12. Ojougboh was named to the CAA All-Academic First Team from 2005-2008. Ojougboh is the son of Cairo Ojougboh and Grace Ojougboh. He has two brothers Omam Ojougboh, Orieka Ojougboh and a sister Rimma Ojougboh. Out of high school, Ojougboh committed to the University of Texas at San Antonio, after also being recruited by Boise State, Cornell University, Harvard University, Arizona State University and Washington State. He transferred to Northeastern after his Freshman campaign at University of Texas San Antonio. Which team has drafted Nkem-Nkechukwu Ojougboh?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Nkem-Nkechukwu Ojougboh was drafted by the Utah Flash in 2010.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Nkem-Nkechukwu Ojougboh (born August 11, 1987) is Nigerian professional basketball player. He was drafted in the second round (ninth pick) at the 2010 NBA Development League Draft by the Utah Flash, an affiliate of the Utah Jazz and Atlanta Hawks. Collegiately, Ojougboh played for the Northeastern University Huskies men's basketball team from 2007-2010 and for the University of Texas San Antonio in 2005. He played for the NBA Development League team Utah Flash in the 2010/11 NBA D-League season, and for the Tulsa 66ers in 2011/12. Ojougboh was named to the CAA All-Academic First Team from 2005-2008. Ojougboh is the son of Cairo Ojougboh and Grace Ojougboh. He has two brothers Omam Ojougboh, Orieka Ojougboh and a sister Rimma Ojougboh. Out of high school, Ojougboh committed to the University of Texas at San Antonio, after also being recruited by Boise State, Cornell University, Harvard University, Arizona State University and Washington State. He transferred to Northeastern after his Freshman campaign at University of Texas San Antonio. Which team has drafted Nkem-Nkechukwu Ojougboh?
classification
[ { "content": "Classify each of these movies as being for adults or for kids.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Longest Day: adults\nBabe: kids\nMinions: kids\nSavings Private Ryan: adults\nPaddington: kids\nFlubber: kids\nPeter Rabbit: kids\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: kids\nMoana: kids\nMulan: kids\nCharlotte's Web: kids\nTár: adults\nAll Quiet on the Western Front: adults\nEyes Wide Shut: adults", "role": "assistant" } ]
Classify each of these movies as being for adults or for kids.
closed_qa
[ { "content": "The Model Y is Tesla's first car to use a heat pump instead of electric resistance for interior cabin heating. Some electric vehicles from other manufacturers, including the Nissan Leaf, Renault Zoe, BMW i3 EV, Jaguar I-Pace, Audi e-tron, and Kia Niro, had already implemented heat pumps. In cold weather, the Model Y heat pump can be up to 300% more efficient than other Tesla cars' use of electric resistance heating. Because of this, the Model Y should be more energy efficient than other Tesla cars in cold weather. Electric cars can lose 40% or more of their range in cold weather (at ambient temperatures below 20 °F (−7 °C)) when heating the interior cabin. Given this mechanism that the Tesla Model Y car uses to heat the interior cabin, what are some pros and cons of this design?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The heat pump in the Tesla Model Y runs the same heating operations as other cars but much more efficiently, significantly increasing driving range for the same battery size. Most other cars use electric resistance heating which consumes much more energy to perform the same job.", "role": "assistant" } ]
The Model Y is Tesla's first car to use a heat pump instead of electric resistance for interior cabin heating. Some electric vehicles from other manufacturers, including the Nissan Leaf, Renault Zoe, BMW i3 EV, Jaguar I-Pace, Audi e-tron, and Kia Niro, had already implemented heat pumps. In cold weather, the Model Y heat pump can be up to 300% more efficient than other Tesla cars' use of electric resistance heating. Because of this, the Model Y should be more energy efficient than other Tesla cars in cold weather. Electric cars can lose 40% or more of their range in cold weather (at ambient temperatures below 20 °F (−7 °C)) when heating the interior cabin. Given this mechanism that the Tesla Model Y car uses to heat the interior cabin, what are some pros and cons of this design?
open_qa
[ { "content": "what is typical enterprise sales person comp mix between base and commission?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "50/50", "role": "assistant" } ]
what is typical enterprise sales person comp mix between base and commission?
general_qa
[ { "content": "What does the percentage chance of rain in a weather forecast indicate?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "This provides the probability of rain from models projected by meteorologists. For example, a 50% chance of rain translates to meteorologists seeing rain in 50% of the scenarios with the similar air pressure, temperatures, time period, and other factors they use in their modeling scenarios.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What does the percentage chance of rain in a weather forecast indicate?
open_qa
[ { "content": "What seven houses ruled the Seven Kingdoms before Aegon's Conquest?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Stark, Tully, Arryn, Lannister, Tyrell, Baratheon, and Martell", "role": "assistant" } ]
What seven houses ruled the Seven Kingdoms before Aegon's Conquest?
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Ronald Linn Rivest is a cryptographer and an Institute Professor at MIT. He is a member of MIT's Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) and a member of MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). His work has spanned the fields of algorithms and combinatorics, cryptography, machine learning, and election integrity. Rivest is one of the inventors of the RSA algorithm (along with Adi Shamir and Len Adleman). He is the inventor of the symmetric key encryption algorithms RC2, RC4, RC5, and co-inventor of RC6. The \"RC\" stands for \"Rivest Cipher\", or alternatively, \"Ron's Code\". (RC3 was broken at RSA Security during development; similarly, RC1 was never published.) He also authored the MD2, MD4, MD5 and MD6 cryptographic hash functions. Who is Ron Rivest?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Ron Rivest is a cryptographer and computer science professor at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). He is most well known as the inventor of the RSA public key cryptosystem (with Adi Shamir and Len Adleman). Rivest is also known as the inventor of the RC4 stream cipher and MD5 hash function.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Ronald Linn Rivest is a cryptographer and an Institute Professor at MIT. He is a member of MIT's Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) and a member of MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). His work has spanned the fields of algorithms and combinatorics, cryptography, machine learning, and election integrity. Rivest is one of the inventors of the RSA algorithm (along with Adi Shamir and Len Adleman). He is the inventor of the symmetric key encryption algorithms RC2, RC4, RC5, and co-inventor of RC6. The "RC" stands for "Rivest Cipher", or alternatively, "Ron's Code". (RC3 was broken at RSA Security during development; similarly, RC1 was never published.) He also authored the MD2, MD4, MD5 and MD6 cryptographic hash functions. Who is Ron Rivest?
summarization
[ { "content": "Early Chicago Skyscrapers is a nomination comprising nine buildings in Chicago's Loop district for inclusion on UNESCO's World Heritage Site list.Submitted by the US Department of the Interior in 2017, it is currently on the tentative list considered for nomination as a UNESCO designated World Heritage Site. Only properties that have been previously listed on a tentative list can be nominated for the World Heritage List.\n\nThese buildings were constructed in the last 20 years of the 19th century and represent the first generation of \"skyscrapers\", high-rise structures reaching up to 20 stories. Construction of these buildings employed novel approaches and technologies, such as the use of steel frames, first elevators, electric lights, and terracotta fireproofing. The architects developed a new aesthetics for the exterior of this new type of buildings. The skyscrapers listed are the Auditorium Building, Second Leiter Building, Marquette Building, Rookery Building, Monadnock Building, Old Colony Building, Fisher Building, Schlesinger & Mayer Building, and Ludington Building. Using examples taken from the text give me a list of the first generation of \"skyscrapers\" located in the city of Chicago.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Early Chicago Skyscrapers is a term which describes the nine buildings in the Loop district of Chicago, Illinois in the United States. These nine buildings were submitted by the US Department of the Interior in 2017 to be considered as a UNESCO designated World Heritage Site. These buildings are the Auditorium Building, Second Leiter Building, Marquette Building, Rookery Building, Monadnock Building, Old Colony Building, Fisher Building, Schlesinger & Mayer Building, and Ludington Building.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Early Chicago Skyscrapers is a nomination comprising nine buildings in Chicago's Loop district for inclusion on UNESCO's World Heritage Site list.Submitted by the US Department of the Interior in 2017, it is currently on the tentative list considered for nomination as a UNESCO designated World Heritage Site. Only properties that have been previously listed on a tentative list can be nominated for the World Heritage List. These buildings were constructed in the last 20 years of the 19th century and represent the first generation of "skyscrapers", high-rise structures reaching up to 20 stories. Construction of these buildings employed novel approaches and technologies, such as the use of steel frames, first elevators, electric lights, and terracotta fireproofing. The architects developed a new aesthetics for the exterior of this new type of buildings. The skyscrapers listed are the Auditorium Building, Second Leiter Building, Marquette Building, Rookery Building, Monadnock Building, Old Colony Building, Fisher Building, Schlesinger & Mayer Building, and Ludington Building. Using examples taken from the text give me a list of the first generation of "skyscrapers" located in the city of Chicago.
general_qa
[ { "content": "Why do people foster dogs?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Fostering animals of any kind can be a great way to reduce the stress and suffering of an animal that has not adjusted to life in a shelter. Fostering can also reduce the number of animals that a shelter is forced to put down, which is a tremendous positive impact to have on a community.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Why do people foster dogs?
classification
[ { "content": "Choose the word which is different from the rest: Raid, Attack, Assault, Defence, Ambush", "role": "user" }, { "content": "All except Defence are forms of attack.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Choose the word which is different from the rest: Raid, Attack, Assault, Defence, Ambush
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What are the best places in the United States for a golf trip?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The best places in the USA to take a golf trip:\nPinehurst, North Carolina\nKiawah Island, South Carolina\nPebble Beach, California\nScottsdale, Arizona\nStreamsong, Florida", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are the best places in the United States for a golf trip?
summarization
[ { "content": "A convolutional neural network consists of an input layer, hidden layers and an output layer. In any feed-forward neural network, any middle layers are called hidden because their inputs and outputs are masked by the activation function and final convolution. In a convolutional neural network, the hidden layers include layers that perform convolutions. Typically this includes a layer that performs a dot product of the convolution kernel with the layer's input matrix. This product is usually the Frobenius inner product, and its activation function is commonly ReLU. As the convolution kernel slides along the input matrix for the layer, the convolution operation generates a feature map, which in turn contributes to the input of the next layer. This is followed by other layers such as pooling layers, fully connected layers, and normalization layers.\n\nConvolutional layers\n\nConvolutional layers convolve the input and pass its result to the next layer. This is similar to the response of a neuron in the visual cortex to a specific stimulus. Each convolutional neuron processes data only for its receptive field. Although fully connected feedforward neural networks can be used to learn features and classify data, this architecture is generally impractical for larger inputs (e.g., high-resolution images), which would require massive numbers of neurons because each pixel is a relevant input feature. A fully connected layer for an image of size 100 × 100 has 10,000 weights for each neuron in the second layer. Convolution reduces the number of free parameters, allowing the network to be deeper. For example, using a 5 × 5 tiling region, each with the same shared weights, requires only 25 neurons. Using regularized weights over fewer parameters avoids the vanishing gradients and exploding gradients problems seen during backpropagation in earlier neural networks.\n\nTo speed processing, standard convolutional layers can be replaced by depthwise separable convolutional layers, which are based on a depthwise convolution followed by a pointwise convolution. The depthwise convolution is a spatial convolution applied independently over each channel of the input tensor, while the pointwise convolution is a standard convolution restricted to the use of \n\nPooling layers\nConvolutional networks may include local and/or global pooling layers along with traditional convolutional layers. Pooling layers reduce the dimensions of data by combining the outputs of neuron clusters at one layer into a single neuron in the next layer. Local pooling combines small clusters, tiling sizes such as 2 × 2 are commonly used. Global pooling acts on all the neurons of the feature map. There are two common types of pooling in popular use: max and average. Max pooling uses the maximum value of each local cluster of neurons in the feature map, while average pooling takes the average value.\n\nFully connected layers\nFully connected layers connect every neuron in one layer to every neuron in another layer. It is the same as a traditional multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP). The flattened matrix goes through a fully connected layer to classify the images.\n\nReceptive field\nIn neural networks, each neuron receives input from some number of locations in the previous layer. In a convolutional layer, each neuron receives input from only a restricted area of the previous layer called the neuron's receptive field. Typically the area is a square (e.g. 5 by 5 neurons). Whereas, in a fully connected layer, the receptive field is the entire previous layer. Thus, in each convolutional layer, each neuron takes input from a larger area in the input than previous layers. This is due to applying the convolution over and over, which takes into account the value of a pixel, as well as its surrounding pixels. When using dilated layers, the number of pixels in the receptive field remains constant, but the field is more sparsely populated as its dimensions grow when combining the effect of several layers.\n\nTo manipulate the receptive field size as desired, there are some alternatives to the standard convolutional layer. For example, atrous or dilated convolution expands the receptive field size without increasing the number of parameters by interleaving visible and blind regions. Moreover, a single dilated convolutional layer can comprise filters with multiple dilation ratios, thus having a variable receptive field size.\n\nWeights\nEach neuron in a neural network computes an output value by applying a specific function to the input values received from the receptive field in the previous layer. The function that is applied to the input values is determined by a vector of weights and a bias (typically real numbers). Learning consists of iteratively adjusting these biases and weights.\n\nThe vectors of weights and biases are called filters and represent particular features of the input (e.g., a particular shape). A distinguishing feature of CNNs is that many neurons can share the same filter. This reduces the memory footprint because a single bias and a single vector of weights are used across all receptive fields that share that filter, as opposed to each receptive field having its own bias and vector weighting. Please give me a short bulleted list of the key components/architectures in a convolutional neural network.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The key components/architecture of a convolutional neural network include:\n\nConvolutional layers: These layers convolve the input matrix and reduce the number of free parameters and allows the network to be deeper.\n\nPooling layers: These layers reduce the dimensions of data by combining the outputs of neuron clusters at one layer into a single neuron in the next layer.\n\nFully connected layers: These layers connect every neuron in one layer to every neuron in another layer. \n\nReceptive field: Each neuron receives input from a restricted area of the previous layer called the neuron's receptive field. In a convolutional layer, each neuron takes input from a larger area in the input than previous layers.\n\nWeights: The vectors of weights and bias are used by the neural's function to compute an output value from input value.", "role": "assistant" } ]
A convolutional neural network consists of an input layer, hidden layers and an output layer. In any feed-forward neural network, any middle layers are called hidden because their inputs and outputs are masked by the activation function and final convolution. In a convolutional neural network, the hidden layers include layers that perform convolutions. Typically this includes a layer that performs a dot product of the convolution kernel with the layer's input matrix. This product is usually the Frobenius inner product, and its activation function is commonly ReLU. As the convolution kernel slides along the input matrix for the layer, the convolution operation generates a feature map, which in turn contributes to the input of the next layer. This is followed by other layers such as pooling layers, fully connected layers, and normalization layers. Convolutional layers Convolutional layers convolve the input and pass its result to the next layer. This is similar to the response of a neuron in the visual cortex to a specific stimulus. Each convolutional neuron processes data only for its receptive field. Although fully connected feedforward neural networks can be used to learn features and classify data, this architecture is generally impractical for larger inputs (e.g., high-resolution images), which would require massive numbers of neurons because each pixel is a relevant input feature. A fully connected layer for an image of size 100 × 100 has 10,000 weights for each neuron in the second layer. Convolution reduces the number of free parameters, allowing the network to be deeper. For example, using a 5 × 5 tiling region, each with the same shared weights, requires only 25 neurons. Using regularized weights over fewer parameters avoids the vanishing gradients and exploding gradients problems seen during backpropagation in earlier neural networks. To speed processing, standard convolutional layers can be replaced by depthwise separable convolutional layers, which are based on a depthwise convolution followed by a pointwise convolution. The depthwise convolution is a spatial convolution applied independently over each channel of the input tensor, while the pointwise convolution is a standard convolution restricted to the use of Pooling layers Convolutional networks may include local and/or global pooling layers along with traditional convolutional layers. Pooling layers reduce the dimensions of data by combining the outputs of neuron clusters at one layer into a single neuron in the next layer. Local pooling combines small clusters, tiling sizes such as 2 × 2 are commonly used. Global pooling acts on all the neurons of the feature map. There are two common types of pooling in popular use: max and average. Max pooling uses the maximum value of each local cluster of neurons in the feature map, while average pooling takes the average value. Fully connected layers Fully connected layers connect every neuron in one layer to every neuron in another layer. It is the same as a traditional multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP). The flattened matrix goes through a fully connected layer to classify the images. Receptive field In neural networks, each neuron receives input from some number of locations in the previous layer. In a convolutional layer, each neuron receives input from only a restricted area of the previous layer called the neuron's receptive field. Typically the area is a square (e.g. 5 by 5 neurons). Whereas, in a fully connected layer, the receptive field is the entire previous layer. Thus, in each convolutional layer, each neuron takes input from a larger area in the input than previous layers. This is due to applying the convolution over and over, which takes into account the value of a pixel, as well as its surrounding pixels. When using dilated layers, the number of pixels in the receptive field remains constant, but the field is more sparsely populated as its dimensions grow when combining the effect of several layers. To manipulate the receptive field size as desired, there are some alternatives to the standard convolutional layer. For example, atrous or dilated convolution expands the receptive field size without increasing the number of parameters by interleaving visible and blind regions. Moreover, a single dilated convolutional layer can comprise filters with multiple dilation ratios, thus having a variable receptive field size. Weights Each neuron in a neural network computes an output value by applying a specific function to the input values received from the receptive field in the previous layer. The function that is applied to the input values is determined by a vector of weights and a bias (typically real numbers). Learning consists of iteratively adjusting these biases and weights. The vectors of weights and biases are called filters and represent particular features of the input (e.g., a particular shape). A distinguishing feature of CNNs is that many neurons can share the same filter. This reduces the memory footprint because a single bias and a single vector of weights are used across all receptive fields that share that filter, as opposed to each receptive field having its own bias and vector weighting. Please give me a short bulleted list of the key components/architectures in a convolutional neural network.
general_qa
[ { "content": "Can I copy my Delta Lake table to another location?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Yes you can copy your Delta Lake table to another location. Remember to copy files without changing the timestamps to ensure that the time travel with timestamps will be consistent.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Can I copy my Delta Lake table to another location?
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What are some of the best ways to generate passive income?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1) Rental Property Income\n2) Crypto staking\n3) Peer-to-Peer lending\n4) Dividend Income\n5) Create a digital course or product\n6) Write an e-book and sell on Amazon\n7) Affiliate Marketing\n8) Invest in a REIT", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are some of the best ways to generate passive income?
information_extraction
[ { "content": "For the 2022 model year, the F-150 Lightning is available in four trim levels: Pro, XLT, Lariat, and Platinum. The Pro trim is only available with the smaller-capacity battery, and the Platinum only offers the higher-capacity battery, although all other trims include the smaller-capacity battery as standard equipment, but also offer the higher-capacity battery as an option. List the trim levels available for the F-150 Lightning. Separate them with a comma.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The F-150 Lightning is available in four trim levels: Pro, XLT, Lariat, and Platinum.", "role": "assistant" } ]
For the 2022 model year, the F-150 Lightning is available in four trim levels: Pro, XLT, Lariat, and Platinum. The Pro trim is only available with the smaller-capacity battery, and the Platinum only offers the higher-capacity battery, although all other trims include the smaller-capacity battery as standard equipment, but also offer the higher-capacity battery as an option. List the trim levels available for the F-150 Lightning. Separate them with a comma.
open_qa
[ { "content": "Who invented the game of basketball?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The game of basketball as it is known today was created by Dr. James Naismith in December 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, to condition young athletes during cold months.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Who invented the game of basketball?
open_qa
[ { "content": "Name some of the bravolebrities from The Real Housewives of Orange County", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Shannon Beador, Heather Dubrow, Gina Kirschenheiter and Emily Simpson", "role": "assistant" } ]
Name some of the bravolebrities from The Real Housewives of Orange County
open_qa
[ { "content": "Name some famous 1990 music", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Oasis - Wonderwall, The Offspring - Self Esteem, Nirvana - Smells Like Teen Spirit, Daft Punk - Around the World.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Name some famous 1990 music
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is used to make the dough of boiled Chinese dumplings?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Wheat is used to make the flour of boiled Chinese dumplings.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What is used to make the dough of boiled Chinese dumplings?
creative_writing
[ { "content": "Write a conversation between two long-time friends who run into one another five years after they initially drifted apart.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "“Georgia, is that you?”\n\n“Neha? My god, it has been ages! How are you.”\n\n“I’m doing well, I just got back from Aspen. It was such a delight to be able to enjoy that, Roger’s parents were watching Jon, so it was nice to have some time to myself and catch up with some close friends. How are you?”\n\n“I’m good, it’s been a really fun winter, our family from Canada was visiting and we did all the Holiday things, Gingerbread houses, Christmas tree decorating, cookies the whole shebang! Roger’s family is really into Christmas too, right Neha? Did you guys celebrate in Aspen?”\n\n“Actually, Roger and I separated recently” Neha bites her lip as though to stop herself from crying. “Jon spent Christmas with Roger and his family this year. I went to Aspen with my parents and sister.”\n\nGeorgia looks aghast. “I’m so sorry, I thought if anyone would’ve made it, it would have been the two of you. Why didn’t you call?”\n\nNeha looks up and thinks carefully about how to word it so she doesn’t come across as cross, although she is, she is very cross indeed. “You and I haven’t talked in ages, you weren’t exactly at the top of my list, you know? And the whole split happened while I was swamped at work, actually, you know, work was why we split up, and it’s just not been my way to reach out and reconnect.” Neha finishes and pauses.\n\nGeorgia looks hurt, but she understands. “That’s fair, I haven’t done a good job of keeping up. What do you mean you split up because of work?”\n\n“I took a job, in a city he hated, and he didn’t want to uproot his life, and I didn’t want to miss out on this. I’m hopeful I’ll move back in a few years and things will go back to normal, but it’s a gamble.”\n\nGeorgia nods “Neha, I have to catch the next train, but please call, let’s get a glass of wine soon and really talk. And it’s his fault for hating New York.”\n\nNeha smiles. She has a good feeling about this.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Write a conversation between two long-time friends who run into one another five years after they initially drifted apart.
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Why Bengalis are famous for", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. They have sweetest language declared by UNESCO .\n2. They are cultural \n3. Bengalis are famous for their food", "role": "assistant" } ]
Why Bengalis are famous for
classification
[ { "content": "Identify which of these animals live in water and which live on land: elephants, wolves, sharks, dolphins, cows, raccoons, pigs.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "From the list provided, only sharks and dolphins live in water. The rest live on land: elephants, wolves, cows, raccoons, pigs.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Identify which of these animals live in water and which live on land: elephants, wolves, sharks, dolphins, cows, raccoons, pigs.
general_qa
[ { "content": "What makes someone beautiful?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "It's often said that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. What makes someone beautiful is subjective to whatever quality the individual or other party deems beautiful, attractive or desirable. Most individuals are not a good judge of their own appearance or qualities. According to the Austrian writer Kyle Krauss, the best way to be beautiful, is to stop worrying about being ugly. The most attractive people are often confident and are usually not concerned with how others perceive their appearance.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What makes someone beautiful?
classification
[ { "content": "Tell me whether these are found at the beach or on a mountains: ocean, ski resort, chair lift, shell, seaweed, hiking trail", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Ocean: Beach\nSki Resort: Mountain\nChair Lift: Mountain\nShell: Beach\nSeaweed: Beach\nHiking Trail: Mountain", "role": "assistant" } ]
Tell me whether these are found at the beach or on a mountains: ocean, ski resort, chair lift, shell, seaweed, hiking trail
general_qa
[ { "content": "Why is Cricket so popular ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Cricket is a very popular game and is the second most viewed sport in the world. It has a fan following of over 2.5 billion people. Cricket is believed to have first started in England and is believed to have spread among the British colonies of the old during their rule. Hence in addition to England it is very popular in South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand and many other Asian countries.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Why is Cricket so popular ?
summarization
[ { "content": "Swiss Bank Corporation was a Swiss investment bank and financial services company located in Switzerland. Prior to its merger, the bank was the third largest in Switzerland with over CHF 300 billion of assets and CHF 11.7 billion of equity.\n\nThroughout the 1990s, SBC engaged in a large growth initiative, shifting its focus from traditional commercial banking into investment banking, in an effort to match its larger Swiss rival Credit Suisse. As part of this strategy, SBC acquired US-based investment bank Dillon Read & Co. as well as London-based merchant bank S.G. Warburg in the mid-1990s. SBC also acquired Chicago-based Brinson Partners and O'Connor & Associates. These acquisitions formed the basis for a global investment banking business.\n\nIn 1998, SBC merged with Union Bank of Switzerland to form UBS, the largest bank in Europe and the second largest bank in the world. The company's logo, which featured three keys, symbolizing \"confidence, security, and discretion\", was adopted by UBS after the 1998 merger. Although the combination of the two banks was billed as a merger of equals, it quickly became evident that from a management perspective, it was SBC that was buying UBS as nearly 80% of the top management positions were filled by legacy Swiss Bank professionals. Today, what was SBC forms the core of many of UBS's businesses, particularly UBS Investment Bank. Tell me about the merger history of the Swiss bank UBS", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Swiss Bank Corporation was a Swiss investment bank and financial services company located in Switzerland. Prior to its merger, the bank was the third largest in Switzerland with over CHF 300 billion of assets and CHF 11.7 billion of equity.\n\nThroughout the 1990s, SBC engaged in a large growth initiative, shifting its focus from traditional commercial banking into investment banking, in an effort to match its larger Swiss rival Credit Suisse. As part of this strategy, SBC acquired US-based investment bank Dillon Read & Co. as well as London-based merchant bank S.G. Warburg in the mid-1990s. SBC also acquired Chicago-based Brinson Partners and O'Connor & Associates. These acquisitions formed the basis for a global investment banking business.\n\nIn 1998, SBC merged with Union Bank of Switzerland to form UBS, the largest bank in Europe and the second largest bank in the world. The company's logo, which featured three keys, symbolizing \"confidence, security, and discretion\", was adopted by UBS after the 1998 merger. Although the combination of the two banks was billed as a merger of equals, it quickly became evident that from a management perspective, it was SBC that was buying UBS as nearly 80% of the top management positions were filled by legacy Swiss Bank professionals. Today, what was SBC forms the core of many of UBS's businesses, particularly UBS Investment Bank.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Swiss Bank Corporation was a Swiss investment bank and financial services company located in Switzerland. Prior to its merger, the bank was the third largest in Switzerland with over CHF 300 billion of assets and CHF 11.7 billion of equity. Throughout the 1990s, SBC engaged in a large growth initiative, shifting its focus from traditional commercial banking into investment banking, in an effort to match its larger Swiss rival Credit Suisse. As part of this strategy, SBC acquired US-based investment bank Dillon Read & Co. as well as London-based merchant bank S.G. Warburg in the mid-1990s. SBC also acquired Chicago-based Brinson Partners and O'Connor & Associates. These acquisitions formed the basis for a global investment banking business. In 1998, SBC merged with Union Bank of Switzerland to form UBS, the largest bank in Europe and the second largest bank in the world. The company's logo, which featured three keys, symbolizing "confidence, security, and discretion", was adopted by UBS after the 1998 merger. Although the combination of the two banks was billed as a merger of equals, it quickly became evident that from a management perspective, it was SBC that was buying UBS as nearly 80% of the top management positions were filled by legacy Swiss Bank professionals. Today, what was SBC forms the core of many of UBS's businesses, particularly UBS Investment Bank. Tell me about the merger history of the Swiss bank UBS