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QRQA-10218-1-flip
As the telephone line fell down and the line's resistance went up, the current was
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
We can say that resistance and current in an electric circuit areinversely proportional, because as the one increases, the other decreases, and vice versa.
QRSent-10218
{ "effect_prop": "current", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "current", "less_effect_prop": "current", "less_cause_dir": "current" }
QRQA-10261-4
If Mona is holding a toy truck and a toy car a certain distance away from each other and she then moves the two objects farther apart, which happens to the magnetic force of attraction between the two objects?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the distance between the objects increases the magnetic force of attraction decreases.
QRSent-10261
{ "effect_prop": "magnetic force of attraction", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance between the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "magnetic force of attraction", "less_effect_prop": "magnetic force of attraction", "less_cause_dir": "magnetic force of attraction" }
QRQA-10009-1-flip
Would you expect to see less allele shift in a population of roses grown in a greenhouse if the greenhouse had
{ "text": [ "20 rose plants", "2,000 rose plants?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The smaller a population is, the more allele frequencies may drift.
QRSent-10009
{ "effect_prop": "allele frequency drift in the population", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "rose plants", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "allele shift in a population", "less_cause_dir": "allele shift in a population" }
QRQA-10294-4-flip
Eric built his telescope lower. The interference from the atmosphere down here is
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Many observatories are built on high mountains. There is less air above the telescope, so there is less interference from the atmosphere.
QRSent-10294
{ "effect_prop": "interference from the atmosphere", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "air above the telescope" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "interference", "less_effect_prop": "interference", "less_cause_dir": "interference" }
QRQA-10051-3-flip
If Milo decreases the number of crests of his wave, what happens to the frequency of his wave?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Wave frequency can be measured by counting the number of crests or compressions that pass the point in 1 second or other time period. The higher the number is, the greater is the frequency of the wave.
QRSent-10051
{ "effect_prop": "frequency", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of crests" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "number of crests", "more_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_cause_dir": "frequency" }
QRQA-10145-4-flip
Donna wants to have her water molecules move slower hrough transpiration, so she will make the temperature
{ "text": [ "cooler", "warmer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In transipration, at warmer temperatures water molecules move faster, and the rate of evaporation from stomata is therefore much faster.
QRSent-10145
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "warmth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "molecules", "less_cause_dir": "molecules" }
QRQA-10279-5-flip
The moon is unable to hold in all the planets because it is
{ "text": [ "more massive", "less massive" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the mass of the objects, the stronger the gravitational pull between them.
QRSent-10279
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "unable to hold in", "less_cause_prop": "massive", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "planets", "less_cause_dir": "planets" }
QRQA-10401-5-flip
Carlos knows that there is more ozone in the stratosphere today, and goes out on a sunny day. He puts on sunscreen knowing that the UV rays can reach the ground
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With less ozone in the stratosphere, more UV rays reach the ground.
QRSent-10401
{ "effect_prop": "UV rays reach the ground", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "ozone in the stratosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "UV rays can reach the ground", "less_effect_prop": "UV rays can reach the ground", "less_cause_dir": "UV rays can reach the ground" }
QRQA-10150-3-flip
Dave is taking water samples from various parts of Lake Erie. He takes the first sample very far from the shore line. The second sample he takes from the edge of the lake. He expects that the _____ sample will have more nutrients in it/
{ "text": [ "second", "first" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Most nutrients are washed into ocean water from land. Therefore, water closer to shore tends to have more nutrients.
QRSent-10150
{ "effect_prop": "nutrients", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer to shore" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "shore line", "more_effect_prop": "nutrients in sample", "less_effect_prop": "nutrients in sample", "less_cause_dir": "nutrients in sample" }
QRQA-10388-1
Gina has longer fingernails than John. Who has more cells on their nails?
{ "text": [ "John", "Gina" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the nail grows, more cells are added at the nail bed.
QRSent-10388
{ "effect_prop": "cells", "cause_dir_str": "grows", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "nail" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "cells", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10281-4
Since most electrical plants burn gases what happens to pollution levels when we stop using electricity?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
We need to reduce our electricity consumption in order to reduce pollution.
QRSent-10281
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "reduce", "effect_dir_str": "reduce", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "electricity use" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "electricity", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10164-4-flip
the pilot was looking at the barometer in his airplane. he saw that with a decrease in height made the density be
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The density of the atmosphere decreases with an increase in the height above sea level (altitude).
QRSent-10164
{ "effect_prop": "height", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "density" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decrease in", "less_cause_prop": "density", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "height", "less_cause_dir": "height" }
QRQA-10104-3
If the Earth is orbiting the Sun and it begins to move closer to it, what happens the speed the Earth is moving?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The Earth travels faster in its elliptical orbit when it is closer to the Sun than when it is farther away.
QRSent-10104
{ "effect_prop": "Earth travels faster", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer to the Sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Earth speed", "less_effect_prop": "Earth speed", "less_cause_dir": "Earth speed" }
QRQA-10003-5
The increasing distances between galaxies indicates the Universe is
{ "text": [ "expanding", "contracting" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the Universe expands, galaxies move further and further apart.
QRSent-10003
{ "effect_prop": "distance between galaxies", "cause_dir_str": "expands", "effect_dir_str": "further and further", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Universe expansion" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increasing", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "universe", "more_effect_prop": "distance", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10388-3
Dana clipped her nails short, and waited for them to grow out again. When her nails reached a long length, Dana noted that the number of cells within them must have
{ "text": [ "decreased", "increased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the nail grows, more cells are added at the nail bed.
QRSent-10388
{ "effect_prop": "cells added", "cause_dir_str": "grows", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "growth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "nails", "more_effect_prop": "cells", "less_effect_prop": "cells", "less_cause_dir": "cells" }
QRQA-10354-2-flip
Something with less hydrogen ions would have what pH value?
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With a higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, a solution is more acidic and has a lower pH.
QRSent-10354
{ "effect_prop": "pH value", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "hydrogen ion" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "hydrogen ions", "more_effect_prop": "ph value", "less_effect_prop": "ph value", "less_cause_dir": "ph value" }
QRQA-10392-3-flip
When Dave screams outside he notices that the sound travels at different speeds in different temperatures. The sound travels slower when it is
{ "text": [ "cold.", "hot" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For a given medium, sound has a slower speed at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10392
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "slower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "temperatures", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "sound travels", "less_cause_dir": "sound travels" }
QRQA-10086-5
A wave that increases in height will _____ in amplitude.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the crests of a wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10086
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wave's crests" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10375-1
Lonnie increased the frequency of some microwaves he was working with. The resulting microwaves now contain _____ energy.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With higher frequencies, the microwaves also have more energy.
QRSent-10375
{ "effect_prop": "microwaves also have more energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequencies" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10253-3-flip
If you were trying to push a box and wanted the one with the least friction which would you push?
{ "text": [ "light box", "Heavy box" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Its harder to overcome friction between heavier objects and the floor than it is between lighter objects and the floor.
QRSent-10253
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "harder", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "weight" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "least", "less_cause_prop": "box", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10251-2
Chris sees a particle with great energy. Chris knows it has lots of energy because it vibrates
{ "text": [ "weakly", "powerfully" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more energy the particles in matter have, the faster and more strongly they vibrate.
QRSent-10251
{ "effect_prop": "strongly they vibrate", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy the particles in matter" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "powerfully", "less_effect_dir": "weakly", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "vibrates", "less_effect_prop": "vibrates", "less_cause_dir": "vibrates" }
QRQA-10021-1
Ramon was 50 years old and visiting his doctor. He wondered about his cardiovascular disease risk. The doctor said his risk is _____.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Older age, male gender, and a family history of cardiovascular disease all increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and cant be controlled.
QRSent-10021
{ "effect_prop": "Risk", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "risk", "less_effect_prop": "risk", "less_cause_dir": "risk" }
QRQA-10297-3
If Milo is out exploring and he comes across two glaciers, each with their own u-shaped valley, will the smaller or larger glacier have a smaller u-shaped valley?
{ "text": [ "larger glacier", "smaller glacier" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Smaller tributary glaciers, like tributary streams, flow into the main glacier in their own shallower U-shaped valleys.
QRSent-10297
{ "effect_prop": "U-shaped valleys", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "shallower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "tributary glaciers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "glacier", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "u-shaped valley", "less_cause_dir": "u-shaped valley" }
QRQA-10285-4-flip
When we have a lot less greenhouse gases in the air what happens to the temperature?
{ "text": [ "increases", "stays the same" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As greenhouse gases increase, changes will be more extreme.
QRSent-10285
{ "effect_prop": "changes", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "greenhouse gas" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "stays the same", "less_cause_prop": "greenhouse gases", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10281-4-flip
Since most electrical plants burn gases what happens to pollution levels when we use more electricity?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
We need to reduce our electricity consumption in order to reduce pollution.
QRSent-10281
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "reduce", "effect_dir_str": "reduce", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "electricity use" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10036-2
Which likely offers the greatest amount of resistance?
{ "text": [ "a boat towing cable", "a telephone cable" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Thicker wires offer less resistance.
QRSent-10036
{ "effect_prop": "electrical resistance", "cause_dir_str": "thicker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "wire thickness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greatest", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "cable", "more_effect_prop": "amount of resistance", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10294-5-flip
Milo owns two telescopes, one at the top of a mountain and one at the base. If he looks through the one at the top of the mountain, how much interference can he expect compared to the one at the top of the mountain?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Many observatories are built on high mountains. There is less air above the telescope, so there is less interference from the atmosphere.
QRSent-10294
{ "effect_prop": "interference from the atmosphere", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "less air above the telescope" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "of the mountain", "more_effect_prop": "interference", "less_effect_prop": "interference", "less_cause_dir": "interference" }
QRQA-10362-2-flip
John was observing the patient. He saw that as less light was let in, the pupil would get
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed.
QRSent-10362
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pupil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "pupil", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10177-3
If Jim is comparing hydrocarbons and he finds one that has more carbon atoms, the number of isomers that hydrocarbon contains is
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more carbon atoms a hydrocarbon has, the greater the number of isomers.
QRSent-10177
{ "effect_prop": "isomers", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "number of isomers", "less_effect_prop": "number of isomers", "less_cause_dir": "number of isomers" }
QRQA-10218-4
When resistance is increased in a wire what happens to the current?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
We can say that resistance and current in an electric circuit areinversely proportional, because as the one increases, the other decreases, and vice versa.
QRSent-10218
{ "effect_prop": "current", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "current", "less_effect_prop": "current", "less_cause_dir": "current" }
QRQA-10329-2-flip
If Mona is climbing up a mountain and she reaches a low elevation, what will happen to the air pressure?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Air pressure is less at higher elevations.
QRSent-10329
{ "effect_prop": "Air pressure", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "elevations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "elevation", "more_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure" }
QRQA-10117-4-flip
Dean is coming from space, and passes through the stratosphere. He looks at the temperature around him as he does, and he sees that as he heads toward the ground, the temperature
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, the temperatures increase as altitude increases.
QRSent-10117
{ "effect_prop": "altitude", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "heads toward theground", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "Dean", "less_cause_dir": "Dean" }
QRQA-10084-5-flip
Quenton removes salt from his spaghetti water. The water becomes _____ dense.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water density increases as salinity and pressure increase, or as temperature decreases.
QRSent-10084
{ "effect_prop": "water salinity", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water density" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "removes", "less_cause_prop": "dense", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "salt", "less_cause_dir": "salt" }
QRQA-10175-3
The oxygen levels in water wind up going down when the temperature
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Warm water cant hold as much dissolved oxygen as cool water, so an increase in the temperature of water decreases the amount of oxygen it contains.
QRSent-10175
{ "effect_prop": "oxygen", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "going down", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "oxygen", "less_cause_dir": "oxygen" }
QRQA-10286-1
When there are a lot of carbon atoms in something there are
{ "text": [ "many options", "few options" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A: The more carbon atoms there are, the greater the number of possible arrangements of carbon atoms.
QRSent-10286
{ "effect_prop": "options there are", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "many", "less_effect_dir": "few", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "options", "less_effect_prop": "options", "less_cause_dir": "options" }
QRQA-10177-2
When we look at a molecule we can determine that if it it has many atoms it will typically have _____ isomers
{ "text": [ "many", "few" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more carbon atoms a hydrocarbon has, the greater the number of isomers.
QRSent-10177
{ "effect_prop": "isomers", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "many", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10331-1-flip
Gerald laid down many rock layers. The layers on the top level were likely laid
{ "text": [ "first", "last" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Lower rock layers were laid down earlier, so they are assumed to contain older fossils.
QRSent-10331
{ "effect_prop": "laid down earlier", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "earlier", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "rock layers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "first", "less_effect_dir": "last", "less_cause_prop": "rock layers", "more_effect_prop": "laid", "less_effect_prop": "laid", "less_cause_dir": "laid" }
QRQA-10263-3-flip
Will weighed himself on a scale. He weighs less than last year. His force of gravitational attraction
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the objects mass, the greater the force of gravitational attraction.
QRSent-10263
{ "effect_prop": "force of gravitational attraction", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "objects mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "weighs on scale", "more_effect_prop": "force of gravitational attraction", "less_effect_prop": "force of gravitational attraction", "less_cause_dir": "force of gravitational attraction" }
QRQA-10081-1
A village is gathering food for the winter. The more food they gather the likelihood of survival being high is
{ "text": [ "great", "small" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
New farm machines were invented. They increased the amount of food that could be produced. With more food, people were healthier and could live longer.
QRSent-10081
{ "effect_prop": "healthiness", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "healthier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "amount of food" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "great", "less_effect_dir": "small", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "likelihood of survival", "less_effect_prop": "likelihood of survival", "less_cause_dir": "likelihood of survival" }
QRQA-10266-3
When we are pumping all the water out of a lake the lake's water level will
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the water is pumped out, the water table slowly falls, requiring wells to be dug deeper, which takes more money and energy.
QRSent-10266
{ "effect_prop": "water in reservoir", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "falls", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "water pumped out" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "lake water level", "less_effect_prop": "lake water level", "less_cause_dir": "lake water level" }
QRQA-10328-2
Rich is examining a cold particle and a hot particle. Which likely moves the fastest?
{ "text": [ "the hot particle", "the cold particle" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
At higher temperatures, particles of reactants have more energy, so they move faster. They are more likely to bump into one another and to collide with greater force.
QRSent-10328
{ "effect_prop": "movement speed", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature of particles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "moves", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "particle", "more_effect_prop": "fastest", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10197-4
When we look at the solar system planets are more far apart
{ "text": [ "closer to the sun", "farther from the sun" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In general, the farther away from the Sun, the greater the distance from one planets orbit to the next.
QRSent-10197
{ "effect_prop": "distance", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more far apart", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "to the sun", "more_effect_prop": "planets", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10266-4-flip
A place with a _____ water table means wells can be dug at deeper depths.
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the water is pumped out, the water table slowly falls, requiring wells to be dug deeper, which takes more money and energy.
QRSent-10266
{ "effect_prop": "depth of wells", "cause_dir_str": "falls", "effect_dir_str": "deeper", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water table" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "deeper", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "water table", "more_effect_prop": "depths", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10144-2
Carter puts two rocks outside; one is a soft pebble, the other is a solid stone. A year later, he checks on the rocks. The solid stone is still there because it has a resistance that is
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Different types of rocks weather at different rates. More resistant types of rocks will remain longer.
QRSent-10144
{ "effect_prop": "lasting", "cause_dir_str": "more resistant", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistant" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "still there", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "resistance", "more_effect_prop": "solid stone", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10307-1-flip
Suppose that Mary hasn't started smoking yet. If you measured the oxygen levels in her blood now and compared them to oxygen levels after she's been smoking for 20 years, what would you find?
{ "text": [ "less oxygen in her blood now", "more oxygen in her blood now" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Smoking reduces the amount of oxygen available for diffusion at the lungs, so less oxygen gets absorbed and blood is oxygenated to a lesser degree.
QRSent-10307
{ "effect_prop": "less oxygen in the blood", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "smoking" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "smoking", "more_effect_prop": "oxygen in her blood", "less_effect_prop": "oxygen in her blood", "less_cause_dir": "oxygen in her blood" }
QRQA-10391-1
When you go into a cave, the rocks at deeper levels are _____ than the rocks on the surface.
{ "text": [ "younger", "older" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The main law is the law of superposition. This law states that deeper rock layers are older than layers closer to the surface.
QRSent-10391
{ "effect_prop": "distance to surface", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "deeper", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "deeper", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "rocks", "more_effect_prop": "levels", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10283-2-flip
Mike takes deep breaths, and knows that his chest volume is fairly sizable. Considering his chest size, the air pressure outside the lungs, compared to the air pressure inside, is
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
During inhalation, because the chest volume is larger, the air pressure inside the lungs is lower than the air pressure outside.
QRSent-10283
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure inside lungs", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "chest volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure" }
QRQA-10232-3
A planet with a small orbit will take _____ time to revolve around the Sun than one with a long orbit.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The planets further from the Sun will have bigger orbits, and therefore take longer to revolve around the Sun.
QRSent-10232
{ "effect_prop": "time to revolve around the Sun", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "orbits" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "orbit", "more_effect_prop": "time to revolve around the sun", "less_effect_prop": "time to revolve around the sun", "less_cause_dir": "time to revolve around the sun" }
QRQA-10362-1-flip
If a dim light were shined in a person's eye, would their pupil size
{ "text": [ "grow", "shrink?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed.
QRSent-10362
{ "effect_prop": "light admitted to the eye", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pupil size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "dim", "less_cause_prop": "pupil size", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10013-1
A container that has more particles in it will have a
{ "text": [ "higher pressure", "lower pressure." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More particles inside the container means more collisions, and more collisions mean a higher pressure.
QRSent-10013
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "particles in an area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "n/a", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10346-1-flip
Going shallower into water will result in a _____ temperature.
{ "text": [ "warmer", "colder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Water also gets colder as you go deeper.
QRSent-10346
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "colder", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "depth in water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "colder", "less_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_cause_prop": "depth", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10170-5
Will adds salt to the pot of water. The water's volume is now
{ "text": [ "less dense", "denser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If salt is added to a volume of water, there are more molecules in the same volume, so the water is denser.
QRSent-10170
{ "effect_prop": "denser water", "cause_dir_str": "added", "effect_dir_str": "denser", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "salt added to water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "denser", "less_effect_dir": "less dense", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water's volume", "less_effect_prop": "water's volume", "less_cause_dir": "water's volume" }
QRQA-10251-4-flip
A particle with less energy will vibrate _____ than one with less energy.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more energy the particles in matter have, the faster and more strongly they vibrate.
QRSent-10251
{ "effect_prop": "vibration", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "More", "less_effect_dir": "Less", "less_cause_prop": "Vibration", "more_effect_prop": "Particles", "less_effect_prop": "Particles", "less_cause_dir": "Particles" }
QRQA-10262-2
If Milo increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in his swimming pool, what happens to the acidity of his pool?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With a higher concentration of hydrogen ions, a solution is more acidic but has a lower pH.
QRSent-10262
{ "effect_prop": "acidic", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "concentration of hydrogen ions" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_cause_dir": "acidity" }
QRQA-10229-2
If you break up something before putting it into water it will dissolve
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Therefore, increasing the surface area of solid reactants increases the reaction rate.
QRSent-10229
{ "effect_prop": "reactant", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "dissolve", "less_effect_prop": "dissolve", "less_cause_dir": "dissolve" }
QRQA-10081-2-flip
Jefferson built a faulty farm machine that decreased food production. This likely will cause the population's lifespan to
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
New farm machines were invented. They increased the amount of food that could be produced. With more food, people were healthier and could live longer.
QRSent-10081
{ "effect_prop": "people were healthier and could live longer", "cause_dir_str": "increased", "effect_dir_str": "healthier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "food that could be produced" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "food production", "more_effect_prop": "population's lifespan", "less_effect_prop": "population's lifespan", "less_cause_dir": "population's lifespan" }
QRQA-10048-1-flip
If the rate of flow in a river were increased, what would happen to the size of sediment particles being deposited on the riverbed?
{ "text": [ "smaller particles would be deposited", "larger particles would be deposited" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The size of the eroded particles depends on the velocity of the water. Eventually, the water deposits the materials. As water slows, larger particles are deposited. As the water slows even more, smaller particles are deposited.
QRSent-10048
{ "effect_prop": "smaller size of particles deposited", "cause_dir_str": "slows", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "water speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "particles", "less_effect_prop": "particles", "less_cause_dir": "particles" }
QRQA-10193-3-flip
Eric is surfing. The smaller wave can likely push him
{ "text": [ "farther", "less far" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Bigger waves have more energy.
QRSent-10193
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "bigger waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "farther", "less_effect_dir": "less far", "less_cause_prop": "wave", "more_effect_prop": "push", "less_effect_prop": "push", "less_cause_dir": "push" }
QRQA-10398-2
Water falling down a tall mountain will move
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water flowing over a steeper slope moves faster and causes more erosion.
QRSent-10398
{ "effect_prop": "water speed", "cause_dir_str": "steeper", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "slope steepness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water falling", "less_effect_prop": "water falling", "less_cause_dir": "water falling" }
QRQA-10346-5
Anna swims across the surface of a lake and later she plunges several feet below the surface to explore. At which depth will the temperature of the water be colder
{ "text": [ "surface of water", "several feet deep in water?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water also gets colder as you go deeper.
QRSent-10346
{ "effect_prop": "depth", "cause_dir_str": "colder", "effect_dir_str": "deeper", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "cold" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "several feet deep", "less_effect_dir": "surface", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10370-5
A dolphin is swimming through waves in the ocean. The dolphin jumps out of the water then falls back in, creating a wave through the dolphin's disturbing the water. Nearby, turtle flaps it's fin and makes another wave. The waves the dolphin made will have an amplitude that is
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A wave caused by a disturbance with more energy has greater amplitude.
QRSent-10370
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10063-5-flip
Mo has a wave with a short wavelength. He notices the wavelength growing over time. The wave now has _____ energy.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Waves with shorter wavelengths have more energy.
QRSent-10063
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelengths" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10019-2
Dan is snapping a rubber band at Sarah. He stretches the band as much as he can before he snaps it this time, which will mean its potential energy is
{ "text": [ "large", "small" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more an elastic object is stretched or compressed, the greater its elastic potential energy is.
QRSent-10019
{ "effect_prop": "potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "elastic" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "large", "less_effect_dir": "small", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10121-4
A decrease in protein production indicates _____ ribosomes on the ER.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The folds present in the membrane increase the surface area allowing more ribosomes to be present on the ER, thereby allowing greater protein production.
QRSent-10121
{ "effect_prop": "protein production", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "ribosomes on the ER" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "ribosomes", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "protein production", "less_cause_dir": "protein production" }
QRQA-10208-1-flip
Which object likely contains less energy?
{ "text": [ "a pinhead", "the sun" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy.
QRSent-10208
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass of the object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "a pinhead", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10032-1-flip
If Jim's pupil gets smaller, what will happen to the amount of light that enters his eye?
{ "text": [ "more light will enter", "less light will enter" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed.
QRSent-10032
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pupil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more light will enter", "less_effect_dir": "less light will enter", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "his eye", "less_effect_prop": "his eye", "less_cause_dir": "his eye" }
QRQA-10127-5-flip
Does a car with a 4 cylinder engine have more power or less power than an 8 cylinder engine.
{ "text": [ "More", "Less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more cylinders a car engine has, the more powerful its engine can be.
QRSent-10127
{ "effect_prop": "power", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "cylinder" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "cylinder", "more_effect_prop": "power", "less_effect_prop": "power", "less_cause_dir": "power" }
QRQA-10247-5
If an animal is growing normally, it should develop _____ hair.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As animals grow their bones get longer and bigger, they grow more hair, and are able to take care of themselves by getting food, shelter, and water.
QRSent-10247
{ "effect_prop": "hair", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "growth of an animal" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "hair", "less_effect_prop": "hair", "less_cause_dir": "hair" }
QRQA-10329-2
If Mona is climbing up a mountain and she reaches a high elevation, what will happen to the air pressure?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Air pressure is less at higher elevations.
QRSent-10329
{ "effect_prop": "Air pressure", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "elevations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure" }
QRQA-10059-1-flip
Compared to the Sun, which is an average star, would CFBDSIR 1458, the coldest star, be
{ "text": [ "brighter than the Sun", "dimmer than the Sun?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The hotter a main sequence star is, the brighter it is.
QRSent-10059
{ "effect_prop": "brightness", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "brighter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat of a star" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "brighter than the Sun", "less_effect_dir": "dimmer than the Sun", "less_cause_prop": "the Sun", "more_effect_prop": "CFBDSIR 1458", "less_effect_prop": "CFBDSIR 1458", "less_cause_dir": "CFBDSIR 1458" }
QRQA-10396-3-flip
Bob is testing samples of ocean water from different places. The sample of water from off India's coast has less dissolved carbon dioxide, than the sample of water from off the United States' coast. Therefore, the water from _____ coast is more acidic.
{ "text": [ "India's", "United States'" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With higher levels of dissolved carbon dioxide in ocean water, the water becomes more acidic.
QRSent-10396
{ "effect_prop": "acidic", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "dissolved carbon dioxide in ocean water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "dissolved carbon dioxide", "more_effect_prop": "acidic", "less_effect_prop": "acidic", "less_cause_dir": "acidic" }
QRQA-10320-2-flip
John was looking at the rocks, and noticed something. The less the metamorphism in the rock, the difficulty to tell what it was
{ "text": [ "Increased", "Decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more extreme the amount of metamorphism, the more difficult it is to tell what the original rock was.
QRSent-10320
{ "effect_prop": "difficult", "cause_dir_str": "more extreme", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "metamorphism" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "metamorphism in the rock", "more_effect_prop": "difficulty", "less_effect_prop": "difficulty", "less_cause_dir": "difficulty" }
QRQA-10328-2-flip
Rich is examining a cold particle and a hot particle. Which likely moves the slowest?
{ "text": [ "the hot particle", "the cold particle" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
At higher temperatures, particles of reactants have more energy, so they move faster. They are more likely to bump into one another and to collide with greater force.
QRSent-10328
{ "effect_prop": "movement speed", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature of particles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "moves", "less_cause_prop": "particle", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "slowest", "less_cause_dir": "slowest" }
QRQA-10349-3
Mary is looking through her new telescope. She sees some objects in space that are exerting gravitational pulls on each other. If the first two objects are 50,000 miles apart, and the second set of objects are 100,000 miles apart from each other, then the gravitational pull of the first set of objects is
{ "text": [ "greater", "less." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer objects are, the stronger the gravitational pull between them.
QRSent-10349
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer objects are" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational pull" }
QRQA-10309-3-flip
Mona is comparing the size of two atoms in her science lab. If she notices that one atom is smaller then the other, what does that tell her about the number of electrons it has?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Bigger atoms have more electrons.
QRSent-10309
{ "effect_prop": "electrons", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Bigger atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "atom", "more_effect_prop": "number of electrons", "less_effect_prop": "number of electrons", "less_cause_dir": "number of electrons" }
QRQA-10321-1
Will lives in England and Tony lives in Ethiopia. Whose country likely produces more hazardous waste?
{ "text": [ "Tony", "Will" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Countries with more industry produce more hazardous wastes than those with little industry.
QRSent-10321
{ "effect_prop": "hazardous waste production", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "industry in a country" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "country", "more_effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10209-4
Sarah's plants have been struggling to photosynthesize regularly, so that means that the plants now produce food in amounts that are
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Less photosynthesis means that plants and phytoplankton produce less food.
QRSent-10209
{ "effect_prop": "food produced", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "photosynthesis" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "food", "less_effect_prop": "food", "less_cause_dir": "food" }
QRQA-10057-3
John was watching the car being built. He observed that the larger the body size, the surface area to volume ration
{ "text": [ "Increased", "Decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Size restriction: The final body size is limited because as the body size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases.
QRSent-10057
{ "effect_prop": "surface area", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Increased", "less_effect_dir": "Decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "surface area", "less_effect_prop": "surface area", "less_cause_dir": "surface area" }
QRQA-10055-4
Kathy did some experiments on two different alkanes and one of the alkanes had twice as many carbon atoms than the other. She would notice that which alkane would require a higher temperature to melt
{ "text": [ "alkane with fewer carbon atoms", "alkane with more carbon atoms?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Alkanes with more carbon atoms have higher boiling and melting points, so some of them are solids at room temperature.
QRSent-10055
{ "effect_prop": "higher melting points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher temperature", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "alkane", "more_effect_prop": "alkane", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10156-2
Milo is older then Jerry. Who has the greater chance of developing cardiovascular disease?
{ "text": [ "Milo", "Jerry" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The older a person is, the greater their chance of developing a cardiovascular disease.
QRSent-10156
{ "effect_prop": "chance of developing a cardiovascular disease", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "older a person is" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater chance of developing", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10050-3
A smoker's body works _____ just to get needed air.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When a person smokes there are chemicals released by the tobacco that enter the lungs. Because the lungs have to work harder to remove the chemicals, the body has to work harder to get the air needed to survive.
QRSent-10050
{ "effect_prop": "work to get air", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "harder", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "tobacco chemicals in the lungs" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "works", "less_effect_prop": "works", "less_cause_dir": "works" }
QRQA-10190-3
A ball that is on the top of the empire state building about to be dropped off will have _____ potential energy than a ball on the ground.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
So the higher an object is above a surface, the more potential energy it has.
QRSent-10190
{ "effect_prop": "potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "height" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "a lot of", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10178-3
If Mona works in a defense lab and her company develops better missiles, what happens to the advancement of rocket technologies?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The development of better missiles fostered better rocket technologies.
QRSent-10178
{ "effect_prop": "rocket technologies", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "better", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "better missiles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rocket technologies", "less_effect_prop": "rocket technologies", "less_cause_dir": "rocket technologies" }
QRQA-10138-3-flip
If Mona is holding two pieces of fruit and she moves them closer to each other, what happens to the gravitational force between the two fruits?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The further objects are away from each other, the smaller the gravitational force.
QRSent-10138
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force", "cause_dir_str": "further", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "further objects are away" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "fruits", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational force" }
QRQA-10359-5-flip
Mona is building a circuit. If she subtracts resistors in parallel what happens to the total resistance of the circuit?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When we add resistors in parallel to each other the total resistance decreases and the current increases.
QRSent-10359
{ "effect_prop": "total resistance", "cause_dir_str": "add", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors in parallel to each other" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "resistors in parallel", "more_effect_prop": "total resistance of circuit", "less_effect_prop": "total resistance of circuit", "less_cause_dir": "total resistance of circuit" }
QRQA-10356-4-flip
Tony is laying cable that is 1 inch in diameter, while Rita lays cable that is 0.1 inches in diameter. Who's cable offers less resistance?
{ "text": [ "Tony", "Rita" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Thicker resistors offer less resistance than thinner resistors.
QRSent-10356
{ "effect_prop": "resistance available", "cause_dir_str": "thicker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistor thickness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "diameter", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10182-3-flip
If an acid is strong, it's concentration of ions will be
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A stronger acid produces a greater concentration of ions than a weaker acid.
QRSent-10182
{ "effect_prop": "concentration of ions", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "acid" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "concentration of ions", "less_effect_prop": "concentration of ions", "less_cause_dir": "concentration of ions" }
QRQA-10028-5
When we compress a spring down a lot what happens to the potential energy?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The farther the object is stretched or compressed, the greater its elastic potential energy is.
QRSent-10028
{ "effect_prop": "potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "compression" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_cause_dir": "potential energy" }
QRQA-10040-5
If you are at a loud rock concert what will happen to your hearing?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The louder the sounds are, the less exposure is needed to cause hearing loss.
QRSent-10040
{ "effect_prop": "hearing loss", "cause_dir_str": "louder", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "noise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "hearing", "less_effect_prop": "hearing", "less_cause_dir": "hearing" }
QRQA-10104-2-flip
When something is gravitationally farther to something else it will go
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The Earth travels faster in its elliptical orbit when it is closer to the Sun than when it is farther away.
QRSent-10104
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "speed", "less_effect_prop": "speed", "less_cause_dir": "speed" }
QRQA-10402-1
Jan poured a liquid solution into a bottle and the solution was very dense, so in the bottle it took up
{ "text": [ "more room", "less room" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More dense water takes up less space than less dense water.
QRSent-10402
{ "effect_prop": "space", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "dense water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "room", "less_effect_prop": "room", "less_cause_dir": "room" }
QRQA-10062-2
If you need to turn a screw more times that requires
{ "text": [ "less force", "more force" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The trade-off when the threads are closer together, is that more turns of the screw or bolt are needed to do the job because the distance over which the input force must be applied is greater.
QRSent-10062
{ "effect_prop": "force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "turns" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10192-2-flip
Eric hears a sound that is very close. If this is the first sound he heard, this sound is likely
{ "text": [ "strong", "weak" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther the sound waves travel away from the source, the more spread out their energy becomes.
QRSent-10192
{ "effect_prop": "spread out energy", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more spread out", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "farther away sound waves from a source" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "strong", "less_effect_dir": "weak", "less_cause_prop": "distance", "more_effect_prop": "sound", "less_effect_prop": "sound", "less_cause_dir": "sound" }
QRQA-10348-1-flip
Jean and John were going to have a baby, and they are both in terrible shape. Jean and John are likely to have offspring in numbers that are
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Genotypes with greater fitness produce more offspring and pass more copies of their alleles to the next generation.
QRSent-10348
{ "effect_prop": "offspring", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fitness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater numbers", "less_effect_dir": "smaller numbers", "less_cause_prop": "shape", "more_effect_prop": "offspring", "less_effect_prop": "offspring", "less_cause_dir": "offspring" }
QRQA-10256-2
If Jim eats animals that are higher on the food chain, the amount of toxic metals that enter his body are
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher up a food chain that humans eat, the greater the levels of toxic metals they take in.
QRSent-10256
{ "effect_prop": "levels of toxic metals", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "higher up a food chain" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "toxic metals", "less_effect_prop": "toxic metals", "less_cause_dir": "toxic metals" }
QRQA-10382-3-flip
Dan is on a ship, and sees that the waves are getting small! Dan can deduce that it means that the wind is blowing
{ "text": [ "harder", "softer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The faster, longer, and farther the wind blows, the bigger the waves are.
QRSent-10382
{ "effect_prop": "waves", "cause_dir_str": "faster, longer, and farther", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wind blows" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "getting small", "less_cause_prop": "wind", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10025-5-flip
John is from Chile. When he visited a richer country, he noticed the use of energy resources there was
{ "text": [ "more", "less." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Richer nations use far more energy resources, especially fossil fuels, than poorer nations do.
QRSent-10025
{ "effect_prop": "use of energy", "cause_dir_str": "richer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wealth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy resources", "less_effect_prop": "energy resources", "less_cause_dir": "energy resources" }
QRQA-10132-5-flip
Caucasian Americans have lighter skin than other Americans. Researchers were not surprised to discover therefore, that vitamin D insufficiency among Caucasian Americans is _____ than among other Americans?
{ "text": [ "more prevalent", "less prevalent" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Pigments in the skin act like a filter that can prevent the skin from making vitamin D. As a result, people with darker skin need more time in the sun than people with lighter skin to make the same amount of vitamin D.
QRSent-10132
{ "effect_prop": "vitamin D", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "prevent", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "darker skin" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "less prevalent", "less_effect_dir": "more prevalent", "less_cause_prop": "skin", "more_effect_prop": "vitamin D insufficiency", "less_effect_prop": "vitamin D insufficiency", "less_cause_dir": "vitamin D insufficiency" }
QRQA-10206-1-flip
Dan wanted to be able to see the least light and detail when buying a telescope. Dan decided to buy a telescope that was
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Larger telescopes can collect more light and see finer details than smaller telescopes.
QRSent-10206
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "telescopes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "n/a", "less_effect_dir": "least", "less_cause_prop": "telescope", "more_effect_prop": "n/a", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10356-3-flip
Mona is creating a circuit board in her lab for work. If she decreases the thickness of the resistors on the board, what happens to the overall resistance of the circuit?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Thicker resistors offer less resistance than thinner resistors.
QRSent-10356
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "thicker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Thicker resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "thickness of the resistors", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }