Datasets:
allenai
/
quartz

Dataset card Viewer Files Community
2
id
stringlengths
12
17
question
stringlengths
19
430
choices
sequence
answerKey
stringclasses
2 values
para
stringlengths
30
323
para_id
stringlengths
12
12
para_anno
dict
question_anno
dict
QRQA-10399-5-flip
Eric has a soccer ball and kicks it into a rock of roughly the same size. The rock doesn't move and the ball bounces away. The ball is _____ dense than the rock.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more tightly packed the particles inside the material are, the more dense we say they are.
QRSent-10399
{ "effect_prop": "dense", "cause_dir_str": "more tightly packed", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "tightly packed the particles inside the material" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "ball", "more_effect_prop": "dense", "less_effect_prop": "dense", "less_cause_dir": "dense" }
QRQA-10375-3
Tim adjusted his microwave so that it was at a higher frequency. This resulted in the waves inside the microwave to have
{ "text": [ "less energy", "more energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With higher frequencies, the microwaves also have more energy.
QRSent-10375
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequencies" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10354-2
Something with a lot of hydrogen ions would have what pH value?
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With a higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, a solution is more acidic and has a lower pH.
QRSent-10354
{ "effect_prop": "pH value", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "hydrogen ion" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "ph value", "less_effect_prop": "ph value", "less_cause_dir": "ph value" }
QRQA-10210-1-flip
Two species with dissimilar DNA should have a _____ relationship.
{ "text": [ "close", "distant" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more similar the DNA molecules of different species are, the closer the relationship is likely to be.
QRSent-10210
{ "effect_prop": "closeness to the relationship of two species", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "similarity of DNA molecules" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "close", "less_effect_dir": "distant", "less_cause_prop": "DNA", "more_effect_prop": "relationship", "less_effect_prop": "relationship", "less_cause_dir": "relationship" }
QRQA-10246-1-flip
Katie had to pee, and when she did, she noticed that her urine was quite light. The lightness in the urine means Katie should drink water in amounts that are
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The darker the urine, the less water it contains.
QRSent-10246
{ "effect_prop": "water", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "urine" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "lightness", "more_effect_prop": "water in amounts", "less_effect_prop": "water in amounts", "less_cause_dir": "water in amounts" }
QRQA-10156-4-flip
An young person has a _____ risk of developing a cardiovascular disease than a elderly person.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The older a person is, the greater their chance of developing a cardiovascular disease.
QRSent-10156
{ "effect_prop": "risk of cardiovascular disease", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "person", "more_effect_prop": "risk of developing a cardiovascular disease", "less_effect_prop": "risk of developing a cardiovascular disease", "less_cause_dir": "risk of developing a cardiovascular disease" }
QRQA-10319-1
If John heats a gas in his bunsen burner, what would happen to the gas particles?
{ "text": [ "they would move faster", "they would move slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If the gas is heated, the particles will move faster as they gain more energy.
QRSent-10319
{ "effect_prop": "particle movement", "cause_dir_str": "heated", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "gas temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "they would move faster", "less_effect_dir": "they would move slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gas particles", "less_effect_prop": "gas particles", "less_cause_dir": "gas particles" }
QRQA-10065-1
As two asteroids drift closer together, does the gravitational force they exert on each other
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Objects that are closer together have a stronger force of gravity between them.
QRSent-10065
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force between the two objects", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between two objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "asteroids", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational force" }
QRQA-10205-2-flip
The rocks that are deep inside a volcano are
{ "text": [ "young", "old" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The upper rock layers are much younger.
QRSent-10205
{ "effect_prop": "age", "cause_dir_str": "upper", "effect_dir_str": "younger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "old", "less_effect_dir": "young", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rock", "less_effect_prop": "rock", "less_cause_dir": "rock" }
QRQA-10076-3-flip
Will sees a wave with a frequency of 60hz and a wave with a frequency of 10hz. Which wave has less energy?
{ "text": [ "the 60hz wave", "the 10hz wave" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A higher-frequency wave has more energy than a lower-frequency wave with the same amplitude.
QRSent-10076
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wave frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less energy", "less_cause_prop": "wave", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "wave", "less_cause_dir": "wave" }
QRQA-10194-3
If Mona is filling her pool with chemicals to change the pH level of the water and she increases the pH, what happens to the baseness of the water?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Bases have pH values above 7. The higher the pH value, the more strongly basic the substance.
QRSent-10194
{ "effect_prop": "strongly basic the substance", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "higher the pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "baseness", "less_effect_prop": "baseness", "less_cause_dir": "baseness" }
QRQA-10337-3-flip
If you are deflating a balloon with water it will get
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Inhaling, or breathing in, increases the size of the chest, which decreases air pressure inside the lungs.
QRSent-10337
{ "effect_prop": "chest", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "breathing" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "balloon", "more_effect_prop": "balloon", "less_effect_prop": "balloon", "less_cause_dir": "balloon" }
QRQA-10025-3-flip
Suzie is studying different countries and the amount of energy sources they use. She finds that South Africa is poorer than the United States. Therefore, _____ uses less energy sources.
{ "text": [ "South Africa", "the United States" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Richer nations use far more energy resources, especially fossil fuels, than poorer nations do.
QRSent-10025
{ "effect_prop": "energy sources", "cause_dir_str": "richer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "richer nations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "South Africa", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy resources", "less_cause_dir": "energy resources" }
QRQA-10093-4-flip
Wendy decreases the frequency of her radio's sound waves. These waves now have _____ energy.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Higher frequency waves have greater energy.
QRSent-10093
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wave frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "frequency of radio sound waves", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10298-2
Fred has an isotope that decays slowly. What is likely true about it?
{ "text": [ "it can be used to date older specimens", "it can't be used to date old specimens" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Because these isotopes decay more slowly, they can be used to date much older specimens.
QRSent-10298
{ "effect_prop": "use to date specimens", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "isotopes decay" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "can be used to date", "less_effect_dir": "can't be used to date", "less_cause_prop": "isotope", "more_effect_prop": "older specimens", "less_effect_prop": "older specimens", "less_cause_dir": "older specimens" }
QRQA-10321-5
If your country has a lot of industry it likely has _____ hazardous waste.
{ "text": [ "a lot of", "not so much" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Countries with more industry produce more hazardous wastes than those with little industry.
QRSent-10321
{ "effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "industry" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "a lot of", "less_effect_dir": "a lot of", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "less_effect_prop": "kittens", "less_cause_dir": "kittens" }
QRQA-10123-4
After a car accident, Carla loses a lot of blood. At the hospital, the doctors tell her that her blood pressure is now
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If blood volume in the body decreases, blood pressure decreases.
QRSent-10123
{ "effect_prop": "blood pressure", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood volume in body" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "blood", "more_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_cause_dir": "blood pressure" }
QRQA-10369-4
Waves can be made by wind, on a windy day would we expect to have
{ "text": [ "larger waves", "smaller waves" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The stronger the winds are blowing, the larger the waves are and the more energy they have.
QRSent-10369
{ "effect_prop": "waves", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "larger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wind" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10238-2-flip
To have less elephants, we should _____ forests near them.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The forest habitat of elephants has also decreased in size due to humans moving in, so the numbers of the elephants have decreased.
QRSent-10238
{ "effect_prop": "elephants", "cause_dir_str": "decreased", "effect_dir_str": "decreased", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "forest habitat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "forests", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "elephants", "less_cause_dir": "elephants" }
QRQA-10189-4-flip
Will and Tony are skateboarding and push against each other with force. As the force with they push with decreases, the distance they travel away from each other
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When two skateboarders push against each other, it causes them to move apart. The harder they push together, the farther apart they move.
QRSent-10189
{ "effect_prop": "farther apart they move", "cause_dir_str": "harder", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "push against each other" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "force they push with", "more_effect_prop": "distance they travel away from each other", "less_effect_prop": "distance they travel away from each other", "less_cause_dir": "distance they travel away from each other" }
QRQA-10216-5
If Mona is spinning some wire at her job and she makes the wire thinner, what happens to the ease at which electrons can pass through that wire?
{ "text": [ "easier", "harder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A thinner wire is more difficult for electrons to move through than a thicker wire.
QRSent-10216
{ "effect_prop": "difficult for electrons to move through", "cause_dir_str": "thinner", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "thinner wire" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "harder", "less_effect_dir": "easier", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "electrons can pass through", "less_effect_prop": "electrons can pass through", "less_cause_dir": "electrons can pass through" }
QRQA-10131-4-flip
Mike is looking at two cars to buy. The first car, a Toyota, uses twice as much oil and fossil fuels to run, compared to the Kia he is looking at. If Mike wants to buy the car that causes more pollution, he should buy the
{ "text": [ "Toyota", "Kia" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Greater use of oil and other fossil fuels causes more pollution.
QRSent-10131
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "use of oil and other fossil fuels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more pollution", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "Kia", "more_effect_prop": "car", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10057-2-flip
If your body size were to increase, your surface area to volume ratio would
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Size restriction: The final body size is limited because as the body size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases.
QRSent-10057
{ "effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "body size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "less_effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "less_cause_dir": "surface area to volume ratio" }
QRQA-10222-1
A person is digging up rocks, and wants to get the oldest ones. The person will dig
{ "text": [ "deeper", "shallower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Older rocks are at the bottom and younger rocks are at the top.
QRSent-10222
{ "effect_prop": "depth", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "bottom", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "deeper", "less_effect_dir": "shallower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "dig", "less_effect_prop": "dig", "less_cause_dir": "dig" }
QRQA-10198-5-flip
As molecules start moving slower they get
{ "text": [ "warmer", "colder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Warmer molecules vibrate faster than cooler ones.
QRSent-10198
{ "effect_prop": "speed in molecules", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "things", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "moving", "less_cause_dir": "moving" }
QRQA-10384-5-flip
If Mona's country normally emits not a lot of greenhouse gas, but one day decides to raise the amount they emit, what will happen to the global temperature?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A decrease in greenhouse gas levels decreases global temperature and an increase raises global temperature.
QRSent-10384
{ "effect_prop": "global temperature", "cause_dir_str": "decrease", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "greenhouse gas" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "greenhouse gas", "more_effect_prop": "global temperature", "less_effect_prop": "global temperature", "less_cause_dir": "global temperature" }
QRQA-10107-2-flip
If Jim decreases how basic his solution is, it means the solution proximity to pH 14 is
{ "text": [ "decreased", "increased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more basic a solution is, the closer its pH value will be to 14.
QRSent-10107
{ "effect_prop": "closer its pH value will be to 14", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "basic a solution" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "basic solution", "more_effect_prop": "proximity to pH 14", "less_effect_prop": "proximity to pH 14", "less_cause_dir": "proximity to pH 14" }
QRQA-10343-1-flip
For radio transmissions, longer wavelength waves have
{ "text": [ "higher or", "lower frequencies." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Longer wavelength electromagnetic waves have lower frequencies, and shorter wavelength waves have higher frequencies.
QRSent-10343
{ "effect_prop": "frequencies", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "wavelengths" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "frequencies", "less_effect_prop": "frequencies", "less_cause_dir": "frequencies" }
QRQA-10270-4-flip
Jerry weighs 200 pounds. Polly weighs 120 pounds. Who has less inertia?
{ "text": [ "Jerry", "Polly" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Objects with greater mass have greater inertia.
QRSent-10270
{ "effect_prop": "inertia", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "object mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "pounds", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_cause_dir": "inertia" }
QRQA-10400-4-flip
Cold air is able to fill less space than warm air because it is
{ "text": [ "more dense", "less dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Warm air is less dense than cool air, so it rises higher in the troposphere.
QRSent-10400
{ "effect_prop": "density", "cause_dir_str": "warm", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "air", "more_effect_prop": "dense", "less_effect_prop": "dense", "less_cause_dir": "dense" }
QRQA-10134-1-flip
Would a microphone designed to listen for avalanches detect the sound of falling snow later on a
{ "text": [ "warm day", "colder day?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For a given medium such as air, sound has a slower speed at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10134
{ "effect_prop": "speed of sound", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "slower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "lower temperatures in a medium" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "later", "less_cause_prop": "day", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "detect the sound of falling snow", "less_cause_dir": "detect the sound of falling snow" }
QRQA-10176-1-flip
If Mona is generating microwaves while defrosting her meat and she decreases the frequency of them, what happens to the amount of energy she is generating?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Higher-frequency waves have more energy.
QRSent-10176
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher-frequency", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Higher-frequency waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10172-1
What happens to Susie's chance of contracting breast cancer as she gets older?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Breast cancer is rare in teens. It becomes more common as women get older.
QRSent-10172
{ "effect_prop": "Breast cancer", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "women get older" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "breast cancer", "less_effect_prop": "breast cancer", "less_cause_dir": "breast cancer" }
QRQA-10213-1-flip
What will happen to the functionality of a structure if decreases the surface area of it?
{ "text": [ "functionality increases", "functionality decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In Life Sciences it is important to note that whenever a structure has an increased surface area, there is an increase in the functioning of that structure.
QRSent-10213
{ "effect_prop": "functionality", "cause_dir_str": "increased", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "increases", "less_cause_prop": "surface area", "more_effect_prop": "functionality", "less_effect_prop": "functionality", "less_cause_dir": "functionality" }
QRQA-10205-1
The archaeologist was digging and saw that the youngest rocks were in layers that were
{ "text": [ "shallower", "deeper" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The upper rock layers are much younger.
QRSent-10205
{ "effect_prop": "younger", "cause_dir_str": "upper", "effect_dir_str": "younger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "layers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "youngest", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "layers", "more_effect_prop": "rocks", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10068-1-flip
Mike lives in the USA while Mosha lives in Nigeria, which likely uses less energy on a daily basis?
{ "text": [ "Mike", "Mosha" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
People in the richer nations of the world use far more energy, especially energy from fossil fuels, than people in the poorer nations do.
QRSent-10068
{ "effect_prop": "energy consumption", "cause_dir_str": "richer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wealth of country" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "uses less energy", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "on a daily basis", "less_cause_dir": "on a daily basis" }
QRQA-10076-1-flip
A wave with less energy than another will have a _____-frequency.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A higher-frequency wave has more energy than a lower-frequency wave with the same amplitude.
QRSent-10076
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency of the wave" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "frequency", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10121-2-flip
If Mona is creating a membrane to filter out some dirty water and she creates fewer folds in the membrane, what happens to the total surface area of that membrane?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The folds present in the membrane increase the surface area allowing more ribosomes to be present on the ER, thereby allowing greater protein production.
QRSent-10121
{ "effect_prop": "surface area", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "folds present in the membrane" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "folds in the membrane", "more_effect_prop": "total surface area", "less_effect_prop": "total surface area", "less_cause_dir": "total surface area" }
QRQA-10391-1-flip
When you go into a cave, the rocks at shallower levels are _____ than the rocks on the surface.
{ "text": [ "younger", "older" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The main law is the law of superposition. This law states that deeper rock layers are older than layers closer to the surface.
QRSent-10391
{ "effect_prop": "distance to surface", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "deeper", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "shallower", "less_cause_prop": "rocks", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "levels", "less_cause_dir": "levels" }
QRQA-10111-4-flip
If Milo is adjusting the pH of his pool and decreases it, what happens to how basic the solution in the pool is?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For bases we can state the folllowing: The higher the pH of a substance, the more basic it is.
QRSent-10111
{ "effect_prop": "more basic it is", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "pH", "more_effect_prop": "basic", "less_effect_prop": "basic", "less_cause_dir": "basic" }
QRQA-10065-4-flip
What would happen to the force of gravity between two soccer balls if Jim moved them farther apart?
{ "text": [ "it would increase", "it would decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Objects that are closer together have a stronger force of gravity between them.
QRSent-10065
{ "effect_prop": "force of gravity", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer together" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "two soccer balls", "more_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_cause_dir": "force of gravity" }
QRQA-10143-3
If Mona is freezing a glass of water and the temperature of the water begins to decrease, what happens to the density of that water?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lower temperature and higher salinity yield the densest water.
QRSent-10143
{ "effect_prop": "densest water", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "densest", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10105-1
A part of the beach is smooth, and another part is very rough. The waves on the smooth part of the beach are probably
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The bigger the waves are and the more sediment they carry, the more erosion they cause.
QRSent-10105
{ "effect_prop": "erosion", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "smooth", "less_effect_dir": "very rough", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "beach", "less_effect_prop": "beach", "less_cause_dir": "beach" }
QRQA-10332-4
If Jim is trying to lower the melting point of an isomer, what should he do to the number of branching points of the isomer?
{ "text": [ "decrease them", "increase them" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more branching there is in isomers, the lower the boiling and melting points are.
QRSent-10332
{ "effect_prop": "melting points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "branching there is in isomers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "branching points", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_cause_dir": "melting point" }
QRQA-10093-3-flip
Waves that come in very slowly to the shores have
{ "text": [ "more energy", "less energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Higher frequency waves have greater energy.
QRSent-10093
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more energy", "less_effect_dir": "less energy", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10281-2-flip
Will increased his house energy consumption. He has _____ his personal levels of pollution.
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
We need to reduce our electricity consumption in order to reduce pollution.
QRSent-10281
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "reduce", "effect_dir_str": "reduce", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "electricity consumption" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10303-1
After the pile of tires at the landfill caught on fire, the smoke released into the air made the air quality
{ "text": [ "better?", "worse" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More pollutants mean poorer air quality.
QRSent-10303
{ "effect_prop": "air quality", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "poorer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pollution" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "better", "less_effect_dir": "worse", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "air quality", "less_effect_prop": "air quality", "less_cause_dir": "air quality" }
QRQA-10217-4
John was building a circuit in the electrical room when he noticed something. The more resistors he added, the level of resistance would
{ "text": [ "Decrease", "Increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As more resistors are added in series, the total resistance of the circuit increases.
QRSent-10217
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10117-4
Dean is going into space, and passes through the stratosphere. He looks at the temperature around him as he does, and he sees that as he heads into space, the temperature
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, the temperatures increase as altitude increases.
QRSent-10117
{ "effect_prop": "altitude", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "heads into space", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "Dean", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10349-4-flip
If Milo is holding two oranges 5 feet apart and he moves them so they are 10 feet apart, what happens to the gravitational pull between the objects?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer objects are, the stronger the gravitational pull between them.
QRSent-10349
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational pull between them", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "incrases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "oranges", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational pull" }
QRQA-10064-5-flip
As we release the air from a balloon the number of reactions in the balloon
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
At higher concentrations, particles of reactants are crowded closer together, so they are more likely to collide and react.
QRSent-10064
{ "effect_prop": "reactions", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "particles near each other" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "balloon", "more_effect_prop": "reactions", "less_effect_prop": "reactions", "less_cause_dir": "reactions" }
QRQA-10080-1-flip
Compared to a solution of acidic vinegar, would basic lye have a pH value
{ "text": [ "closer to 0", "farther away from 0?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more acidic a solution is, the closer its pH value will be to 0
QRSent-10080
{ "effect_prop": "the pH value of the solution", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "the acidity of a solution" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "closer to 0", "less_effect_dir": "farther away from 0", "less_cause_prop": "lye", "more_effect_prop": "pH value", "less_effect_prop": "pH value", "less_cause_dir": "pH value" }
QRQA-10289-2-flip
Don notices that the patient's heart is expelling less blood with each stroke. The patient's heart has to beat _____ often to maintain consistent blood flow.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When the heart expels more blood with each stroke, the heart has to beat less often in order to maintain the same volume of blood flow.
QRSent-10289
{ "effect_prop": "heart beat", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less often", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "expel blood" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "beat", "less_effect_dir": "beat", "less_cause_prop": "blood", "more_effect_prop": "more", "less_effect_prop": "less", "less_cause_dir": "less" }
QRQA-10286-4
An increase of carbon atoms will result in _____ possible arrangements.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A: The more carbon atoms there are, the greater the number of possible arrangements of carbon atoms.
QRSent-10286
{ "effect_prop": "possible arrangements of carbon atoms", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "possible arrangements", "less_effect_prop": "possible arrangements", "less_cause_dir": "possible arrangements" }
QRQA-10210-3
When we look at monkeys and humans they have a lot of matching DNA meaning they are.
{ "text": [ "similar", "very different" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more similar the DNA molecules of different species are, the closer the relationship is likely to be.
QRSent-10210
{ "effect_prop": "relationship", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "matching" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "similar", "less_effect_dir": "very different", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "monkeys and humans", "less_effect_prop": "monkeys and humans", "less_cause_dir": "monkeys and humans" }
QRQA-10022-5-flip
Plants grow more poorly in the tundra because it is
{ "text": [ "colder", "warmer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The warmer a climate is, the more types of vegetation it will have and the greater the rate of biological weathering.
QRSent-10022
{ "effect_prop": "plants", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "grow more poorly", "less_cause_prop": "it", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "plants", "less_cause_dir": "plants" }
QRQA-10085-4-flip
Chris ran a wire 3 foot long. Ron ran a wire 10 foot long. If all else was the same, the wire that Chris ran had
{ "text": [ "more resistance", "less resistance." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Longer wires have more resistance than shorter wires.
QRSent-10085
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wire" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "wire", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10315-5
A wolf pack recently added twenty pups to the pack. The greater number of wolves in the pack means that the availability of food will be
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the population increases, the food supply, or the supply of another necessary resource, may decrease.
QRSent-10315
{ "effect_prop": "food supply", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "availability of food", "less_effect_prop": "availability of food", "less_cause_dir": "availability of food" }
QRQA-10302-5-flip
You are conducting an experiment on alkenes and discover that your smaller alkenes have _____ boiling and melting points than the larger ones.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Larger alkenes have lower boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10302
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "alkenes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "alkenes", "more_effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "less_effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "less_cause_dir": "boiling and melting points" }
QRQA-10116-1
An electron with a low energy level will have energy that is
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Electrons at lower energy levels, which are closer to the nucleus, have less energy.
QRSent-10116
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "energy levels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "energy level", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10174-2-flip
Carrying things instead of using a truck does what to physical labor
{ "text": [ "Increases it", "Decreases it" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Machines make work easier by increasing the amount of force that is applied, increasing the distance over which the force is applied, or changing the direction in which the force is applied.
QRSent-10174
{ "effect_prop": "physical work", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "easier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "machines" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Increases", "less_effect_dir": "Decreases", "less_cause_prop": "things", "more_effect_prop": "physical labor", "less_effect_prop": "physical labor", "less_cause_dir": "physical labor" }
QRQA-10105-3-flip
When there are few waves things are eroded
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The bigger the waves are and the more sediment they carry, the more erosion they cause.
QRSent-10105
{ "effect_prop": "erosion", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wave" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "eroded faster", "less_effect_dir": "eroded slower", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "things", "less_effect_prop": "things", "less_cause_dir": "things" }
QRQA-10021-4-flip
Clark is 55. Morgan is 25. A scientist is researching which of these two men is more likely to develop cardiovascular disease. If their ages is the only piece of info that the scientist has, then he would say _____ is less at risk for cardiovascular disease.
{ "text": [ "Clark", "Morgan" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Older age, male gender, and a family history of cardiovascular disease all increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and cant be controlled.
QRSent-10021
{ "effect_prop": "risk of developing cardiovascular diseases", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "Morgan", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "at risk", "less_cause_dir": "at risk" }
QRQA-10198-2
Lisa is heating soup on the stove. The molecules will begin to vibrate _____ as the soup heats up.
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Warmer molecules vibrate faster than cooler ones.
QRSent-10198
{ "effect_prop": "vibrate", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "warmer molecules" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "vibrate", "less_effect_prop": "vibrate", "less_cause_dir": "vibrate" }
QRQA-10013-5-flip
John was watching the particles as they interacted with each other. He found that the lower the pressure, the collisions were
{ "text": [ "Higher", "Lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More particles inside the container means more collisions, and more collisions mean a higher pressure.
QRSent-10013
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "collisions" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "Lower", "less_cause_prop": "Pressure", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "Collisions", "less_cause_dir": "Collisions" }
QRQA-10195-3
Mary was comparing the size of two objects. If she examined an orange and compared it with a watermelon, which would generate more gravity?
{ "text": [ "orange", "watermelon" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Less massive objects also have less gravity than more massive objects.
QRSent-10195
{ "effect_prop": "gravity", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "massive objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "orange", "more_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10200-2
If Jon adds more weight to his car, he will need to use _____ energy.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Lighter, more streamlined vehicles need less energy.
QRSent-10200
{ "effect_prop": "less energy needed", "cause_dir_str": "lighter", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "weight of a vehicle" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy use", "less_effect_prop": "energy use", "less_cause_dir": "energy use" }
QRQA-10061-5-flip
Ian wants to be able to see the least light coming from the stars at night, so the telescope that he will use will be
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Larger telescopes can collect more light.
QRSent-10061
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "telescopes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "least", "less_cause_prop": "telescope", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10341-4-flip
When two pieces of metal are rubbing together and sandpaper is added between them the friction
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
To reduce friction, oil is added to the engine.
QRSent-10341
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "added", "effect_dir_str": "reduce", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "oil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "sandpaper", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10046-4
Annette took temperature readings of two different stars far off in the Milky Way galaxy. Star B produced twice the energy of Star A, so _____ was seen to have the higher temperature.
{ "text": [ "Star A", "Star B" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Bigger stars produce more energy, so their surfaces are hotter.
QRSent-10046
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "hotter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10238-4
If a herd of elephants is living happily in a forest and a group of humans then decides to move in, what happens to the elephants?
{ "text": [ "they decrease in number", "they increase in number" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The forest habitat of elephants has also decreased in size due to humans moving in, so the numbers of the elephants have decreased.
QRSent-10238
{ "effect_prop": "elephants", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "decreased", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "humans moving in" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "they increase in number", "less_effect_dir": "they decrease in number", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "elephants", "less_effect_prop": "elephants", "less_cause_dir": "elephants" }
QRQA-10164-1-flip
What would happen to the atmosphere as Jim climbed lower down a mountain?
{ "text": [ "it would become less dense", "it would become more dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The density of the atmosphere decreases with an increase in the height above sea level (altitude).
QRSent-10164
{ "effect_prop": "atmospheric density", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "height" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more dense", "less_effect_dir": "less dense", "less_cause_prop": "mountain", "more_effect_prop": "atmosphere", "less_effect_prop": "atmosphere", "less_cause_dir": "atmosphere" }
QRQA-10270-4
Jerry weighs 200 pounds. Polly weighs 120 pounds. Who has more inertia?
{ "text": [ "Jerry", "Polly" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Objects with greater mass have greater inertia.
QRSent-10270
{ "effect_prop": "inertia", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "object mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "pounds", "more_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10355-3-flip
Marie is rolling cards down a hill. She wants to know which cart will get to the bottom of the hill slower, an empty cart, or a full cart? The cart that will finish first will have a mass that is
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
An object has greater momentum if it has greater mass, greater velocity, or both.
QRSent-10355
{ "effect_prop": "mass", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "momentum" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "full", "less_effect_dir": "empty", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "cart", "less_effect_prop": "cart", "less_cause_dir": "cart" }
QRQA-10048-2
Mike wants to see how fast water can run while still depositing small particles. In order to get the smallest particles deposited, Mike will need the water to be running
{ "text": [ "quickly", "slowly" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The size of the eroded particles depends on the velocity of the water. Eventually, the water deposits the materials. As water slows, larger particles are deposited. As the water slows even more, smaller particles are deposited.
QRSent-10048
{ "effect_prop": "particles deposited", "cause_dir_str": "slows", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "smallest", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "particles", "less_cause_dir": "particles" }
QRQA-10059-4-flip
Mona is an astronomer who looks at stars for a living. If she is observing how hot certain stars are and she notices that one is cooler then the others, what does that say about the brightness of that star?
{ "text": [ "it's dimmer", "it's brighter" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The hotter a main sequence star is, the brighter it is.
QRSent-10059
{ "effect_prop": "brighter", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "brighter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hotter a main sequence star" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "brighter", "less_effect_dir": "dimmer", "less_cause_prop": "star", "more_effect_prop": "star", "less_effect_prop": "star", "less_cause_dir": "star" }
QRQA-10404-1
The logging company in your town is proposing they clear cut several thousand acres of trees. If they do so, the chances of droughts in your area will
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With fewer trees, the air is drier and droughts are more common.
QRSent-10404
{ "effect_prop": "droughts", "cause_dir_str": "fewer", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "trees" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "several thousand acres of trees", "more_effect_prop": "droughts", "less_effect_prop": "droughts", "less_cause_dir": "droughts" }
QRQA-10342-3
When you are driving down a mountain you will notice the temperature
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Air in the troposphere is warmer closer to Earths surface.
QRSent-10342
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from earth's surface" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "mountain", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10098-4-flip
If Mona lives in a country that gets a lot of rain and it does not rain one day, what does that do to the water table?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The water table is higher when there is a lot of rain and lower when the weather is dry.
QRSent-10098
{ "effect_prop": "water table is higher", "cause_dir_str": "lot of", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rain" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "rain", "more_effect_prop": "water table", "less_effect_prop": "water table", "less_cause_dir": "water table" }
QRQA-10151-4
Jake pours syrup into one cup, then pours water into another, both in equal amounts. Jack can know that the syrup is the more dense of the fluids because it has
{ "text": [ "more mass", "less mass" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If we have two materials with the same volume, the material with a higher mass will be more dense.
QRSent-10151
{ "effect_prop": "dense", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "dense", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10262-2-flip
If Milo decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions in his swimming pool, what happens to the acidity of his pool?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With a higher concentration of hydrogen ions, a solution is more acidic but has a lower pH.
QRSent-10262
{ "effect_prop": "acidic", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "concentration of hydrogen ions" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "concentration of hydrogen ions", "more_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_cause_dir": "acidity" }
QRQA-10274-3
A resistor with much resistance indicates it is
{ "text": [ "long", "short" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The longer the resistor, the more resistance it has.
QRSent-10274
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistor length" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "much", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "resistor", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10058-3
If Milo is growing a certain type of bacteria that can resist antibiotics and he increases the amount of bacteria he is growing, would mutations in the bacteria
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Bacteria with a mutation the helps resist antibiotics increase in numbers, so the mutation becomes more common.
QRSent-10058
{ "effect_prop": "mutation", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Bacteria with a mutation the helps resist antibiotics" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "mutation", "less_effect_prop": "mutation", "less_cause_dir": "mutation" }
QRQA-10123-3
Rick lost a lot of blood after cutting himself. His blood pressure rapidly
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If blood volume in the body decreases, blood pressure decreases.
QRSent-10123
{ "effect_prop": "blood pressure", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood volume in the body" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "blood", "more_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_cause_dir": "blood pressure" }
QRQA-10263-1-flip
John dropped a bowling ball and a tennis ball from the roof. Which ball would have the least gravitational pull?
{ "text": [ "bowling ball or", "tennis ball." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the objects mass, the greater the force of gravitational attraction.
QRSent-10263
{ "effect_prop": "force of gravitational attraction", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "least", "less_cause_prop": "tennis ball", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational" }
QRQA-10019-4
When we crumple a rubber band it has
{ "text": [ "high potential energy", "low potential energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more an elastic object is stretched or compressed, the greater its elastic potential energy is.
QRSent-10019
{ "effect_prop": "potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "compressed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_cause_dir": "potential energy" }
QRQA-10284-3-flip
If Milo is exploring underground and he goes closer to surface of the Earth, does he feel more or less pressure?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the rocks move deeper into the Earth, temperature and pressure increase.
QRSent-10284
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deeper into the Earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "Earth", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10005-1-flip
If a product is unstretched, elastic force will
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The elastic force increases the more the material is stretched or compressed.
QRSent-10005
{ "effect_prop": "elastic force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stretching or compressing of material" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "product", "more_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_cause_dir": "elastic force" }
QRQA-10289-3
If Milo gets excited and his heart starts pumping more blood with each stroke, what happens to his heart rate?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When the heart expels more blood with each stroke, the heart has to beat less often in order to maintain the same volume of blood flow.
QRSent-10289
{ "effect_prop": "beat less often", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less often", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "heart expels more blood with each stroke" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "heart rate", "less_effect_prop": "heart rate", "less_cause_dir": "heart rate" }
QRQA-10117-3
Tina flew higher and higher into the stratosphere. The temperature of her ship
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, the temperatures increase as altitude increases.
QRSent-10117
{ "effect_prop": "stratosphere altitude", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stratosphere temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "into the stratosphere", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10385-2-flip
As more people are removed from Earth, they will find _____ water scarcity.
{ "text": [ "increasing", "decreasing" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Many of the worlds people live with water scarcity, and that percentage will increase as populations increase and climate changes.
QRSent-10385
{ "effect_prop": "water scarcity", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increasing", "less_effect_dir": "decreasing", "less_cause_prop": "people", "more_effect_prop": "water scarcity", "less_effect_prop": "water scarcity", "less_cause_dir": "water scarcity" }
QRQA-10238-2
To have more elephants, we should _____ forests near them.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The forest habitat of elephants has also decreased in size due to humans moving in, so the numbers of the elephants have decreased.
QRSent-10238
{ "effect_prop": "elephants", "cause_dir_str": "decreased", "effect_dir_str": "decreased", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "forest habitat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "forests", "more_effect_prop": "elephants", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10030-1-flip
If the air temperature falls during a heat wave, what is likely happening to the atmospheric pressure?
{ "text": [ "It will increase", "It will decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increasing air temperature decreases atmospheric pressure.
QRSent-10030
{ "effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "air temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "air temperature", "more_effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "less_effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "less_cause_dir": "atmospheric pressure" }
QRQA-10270-5
If Jimbo eats a lot of food and causes his mass to increase, what happens to his inertia?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Objects with greater mass have greater inertia.
QRSent-10270
{ "effect_prop": "inertia", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_cause_dir": "inertia" }
QRQA-10396-4
If there were less dissolved carbon dioxide in ocean water, the ocean's rate of acidity would
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With higher levels of dissolved carbon dioxide in ocean water, the water becomes more acidic.
QRSent-10396
{ "effect_prop": "acidity", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon dioxide in ocean water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "carbon dioxide", "more_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_cause_dir": "acidity" }
QRQA-10110-5
Linda felt the pressure of the hurricane, as the winds got _____.
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Differences in air pressure over the surface of the Earth result in wind. The greater the differences in air pressures, the stronger the wind.
QRSent-10110
{ "effect_prop": "Wind", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Air pressure" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "winds", "less_effect_prop": "winds", "less_cause_dir": "winds" }
QRQA-10200-3-flip
Joe drives a hybrid while Jim drives a large truck. Who uses more energy when driving?
{ "text": [ "Joe", "Jim" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Lighter, more streamlined vehicles need less energy.
QRSent-10200
{ "effect_prop": "need energy", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "streamlined vehicles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "truck", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10003-5-flip
The decreasing distances between galaxies indicates the Universe is
{ "text": [ "expanding", "contracting" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the Universe expands, galaxies move further and further apart.
QRSent-10003
{ "effect_prop": "distance between galaxies", "cause_dir_str": "expands", "effect_dir_str": "further and further", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Universe expansion" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decreasing", "less_cause_prop": "universe", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "distance", "less_cause_dir": "distance" }
QRQA-10032-5
Dana was walking outside on a sunny day, and then went into a dark theater. Dana's pupil will now likely be _____ compared to when she was outside
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed.
QRSent-10032
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pupil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "sunny day", "less_effect_dir": "dark", "less_cause_prop": "pupil", "more_effect_prop": "outside", "less_effect_prop": "theater", "less_cause_dir": "theater" }
QRQA-10343-4-flip
Shirley wants to make sure that her frequencies are high, so she will have her wavelengths for the electromagnetic waves be
{ "text": [ "shorter", "longer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Longer wavelength electromagnetic waves have lower frequencies, and shorter wavelength waves have higher frequencies.
QRSent-10343
{ "effect_prop": "frequencies", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "length" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "wavelengths", "more_effect_prop": "frequencies", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }