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Agentic Health, Inc. 3

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/230d721b343de5d3d42f0664610a8b3894bd81d5

Users’ Concerns About Endometriosis on Social Media: Sentiment Analysis and Topic Modeling Study

Journal of Medical Internet Research

2baad992-2268-4c38-9120-e453622f2eeb

Users’ Concerns About Endometriosis on Social Media: Sentiment Analysis and Topic Modeling Study Background Endometriosis is a debilitating and difficult-to-diagnose gynecological disease. Owing to limited information and awareness, women often rely on social media platforms as a support system to engage in discussions regarding their disease-related concerns. Objective This study aimed to apply computational techniques to social media posts to identify discussion topics about endometriosis and to identify themes that require more attention from health care professionals and researchers. We also aimed to explore whether, amid the challenging nature of the disease, there are themes within the endometriosis community that gather posts with positive sentiments. Methods We retrospectively extracted posts from the subreddits r/Endo and r/endometriosis from January 2011 to April 2022. We analyzed 45,693 Reddit posts using sentiment analysis and topic modeling–based methods in machine learning. Results Since 2011, the number of posts and comments has increased steadily. The posts were categorized into 11 categories, and the highest number of posts were related to either asking for information (Question); sharing the experiences (Rant/Vent); or diagnosing and treating endometriosis, especially surgery (Surgery related). Sentiment analysis revealed that 92.09% (42,077/45,693) of posts were associated with negative sentiments, only 2.3% (1053/45,693) expressed positive feelings, and there were no categories with more positive than negative posts. Topic modeling revealed 27 major topics, and the most popular topics were Surgery, Questions/Advice, Diagnosis, and Pain. The Survey/Research topic, which brought together most research-related posts, was the last in terms of posts. Conclusions Our study shows that posts on social media platforms can provide insights into the concerns of women with endometriosis symptoms. The analysis of the posts confirmed that women with endometriosis have to face negative emotions and pain daily. The large number of posts related to asking questions shows that women do not receive sufficient information from physicians and need community support to cope with the disease. Health care professionals should pay more attention to the symptoms and diagnosis of endometriosis, discuss these topics with patients to reduce their dissatisfaction with doctors, and contribute more to the overall well-being of women with endometriosis. Researchers should also become more involved in social media and share new science-based knowledge regarding endometriosis.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7d80f78f73520f86d1b706a0e24f9175abc688db

Retracted: The Value of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Liver Nodular Lesions

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging

702b60df-21d2-4032-bb60-d21c00637182

Retracted: The Value of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Liver Nodular Lesions .

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1628688bbb75d667339ecff0715ad6a09ab7024f

Laparoscopic splenic pseudocyst management using indocyanine green dye: An adjunct tool for better surgical outcome

Journal of Minimal Access Surgery

810ce2f6-8686-44e4-9825-209870d60a0d

Laparoscopic splenic pseudocyst management using indocyanine green dye: An adjunct tool for better surgical outcome Splenic cysts are not so common in incidence. Only 800–850 cases have been reported till now in the literature. Splenic cysts can be further classified into parasitic and non-parasitic cysts. Non-parasitic cyst is further subdivided into true and false or pseudocyst. Pseudocysts are those who are lacking any epithelial lining. Splenic pseudocysts are usually a result of trauma, infection or infarction. We present a case of splenic pseudocyst that was diagnosed incidentally on routine check-up, and we managed this case with minimally invasive approach with complete preservation of spleen and only removal of pseudocyst. We used indocyanine green dye that helped us in complete delineation of splenic parenchyma and vascular structure adjacent to it. In our view, as in this study also, adopting a new technique that can be helpful in better treatment of the patient and if it can change the surgical outcome of the disease in favour of the patient, it should be encouraged.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a9600ea69ada5d1bd4615af7a3dbd68806ef5383

Cabozantinib in neuroendocrine tumors: tackling drug activity and resistance mechanisms

Endocrine-Related Cancer

85f8257e-af0b-4aa7-bb28-e6cedae34c43

Cabozantinib in neuroendocrine tumors: tackling drug activity and resistance mechanisms Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are highly vascularized malignancies in which angiogenesis may entail cell proliferation and survival. Among the emerging compounds with antivascular properties, cabozantinib (CAB) appeared promising. We analyzed the antitumor activity of CAB against NETs utilizing in vitro and in vivo models. For cell cultures, we used BON-1, NCI-H727 and NCI-H720 cell lines. Cell viability was assessed by manual count coupled with quantification of cell death, performed through fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis as propidium iodide exclusion assay. In addition, we investigated the modulation of the antiapoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1 protein under CAB exposure, as a putative adaptive pro-survival mechanism, and compared the responses with sunitinib. The activity of CAB was also tested in mouse and zebrafish xenograft tumor models. Cabozantinib showed a dose-dependent and time-dependent effect on cell viability and proliferation in human NET cultures, besides a halting of cell cycle progression for endoduplication, never reported for other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In a transplantable zebrafish model, CAB drastically inhibited NET-induced angiogenesis and migration of implanted cells through the embryo body. CAB showed encouraging activity in NETs, both in vitro and in vivo models. On this basis, we envisage future research to further investigate along these promising lines.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8787944da741729b9178c095219e0cbb398e39f2

Race and Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer

JAMA Network Open

b9444cdd-c1d0-45a8-9db6-f8a53936292e

Race and Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Key Points Question Do Black patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer have worse outcomes than White patients when treated with systemic androgen deprivation therapy combined with a first- or a second-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitor? Findings In this secondary analysis of a randomized phase 3 clinical trial with 1313 patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer, there was no statistically significant difference in overall survival and progression-free survival between Black and White patients. Meaning These results suggest that providing fair and equal access to health care may reduce the disparities in treatment outcomes between Black and White patients with advanced prostate cancer.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3b0f5f2b776fc17cfea23dfffcd651935e748e8f

Robust Inference from Conditional Logistic Regression Applied to Movement and Habitat Selection Analysis

PLoS ONE

0aed7a40-85f3-4c66-9e1b-c1556c57001b

Robust Inference from Conditional Logistic Regression Applied to Movement and Habitat Selection Analysis Conditional logistic regression (CLR) is widely used to analyze habitat selection and movement of animals when resource availability changes over space and time. Observations used for these analyses are typically autocorrelated, which biases model-based variance estimation of CLR parameters. This bias can be corrected using generalized estimating equations (GEE), an approach that requires partitioning the data into independent clusters. Here we establish the link between clustering rules in GEE and their effectiveness to remove statistical biases in variance estimation of CLR parameters. The current lack of guidelines is such that broad variation in clustering rules can be found among studies (e.g., 14–450 clusters) with unknown consequences on the robustness of statistical inference. We simulated datasets reflecting conditions typical of field studies. Longitudinal data were generated based on several parameters of habitat selection with varying strength of autocorrelation and some individuals having more observations than others. We then evaluated how changing the number of clusters impacted the effectiveness of variance estimators. Simulations revealed that 30 clusters were sufficient to get unbiased and relatively precise estimates of variance of parameter estimates. The use of destructive sampling to increase the number of independent clusters was successful at removing statistical bias, but only when observations were temporally autocorrelated and the strength of inter-individual heterogeneity was weak. GEE also provided robust estimates of variance for different magnitudes of unbalanced datasets. Our simulations demonstrate that GEE should be estimated by assigning each individual to a cluster when at least 30 animals are followed, or by using destructive sampling for studies with fewer individuals having intermediate level of behavioural plasticity in selection and temporally autocorrelated observations. The simulations provide valuable information to build reliable habitat selection and movement models that allow for robustness of statistical inference without removing excessive amounts of ecological information.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5a4f0117f36d050e643023365d7f9923bb335d8a

Purposeless Groaning in Parkinson’s Disease

Journal of Movement Disorders

5c2ae336-513b-43b2-9c7b-a2ea4c4c5255

Purposeless Groaning in Parkinson’s Disease Purposeless groaning has been reported in advanced progressive supranuclear palsy. We present a case of purposeless groaning occurring as a primary complaint in a patient with advanced Parkinson’s disease. Purposeless groaning is thought to be a manifestation of disinhibition and perseveration due to frontal-subcortical dysfunction. Proper recognition of this phenomenon will help clinicians to avoid unnecessary investigations and treatment (e.g., prescription of opioid medications).

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b9601be7112e7b6f09c8e7fd90397c274ea88eb9

Evaluation of changes for sebum, skin pore, texture, and redness before and after sleep in oily and nonoily skin

Skin research and technology

20e167cb-8aa4-4802-8fff-e2513b655f86

Evaluation of changes for sebum, skin pore, texture, and redness before and after sleep in oily and nonoily skin People whose skin type is oily have experienced an esthetic and hygienic discomfort due to the excessive secretion of the sebum during the day and night time, and therefore sebum control is required. In this study, we aimed to find out whether the skin status between the oily and nonoily skin indicates a significant difference before and after sleep.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/50a9e9083485c8a70314c264b2775f86cfcde74c

Safety Monitoring of Bivalent COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Booster Doses Among Children Aged 5–11 Years — United States, October 12–January 1, 2023

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

Safety Monitoring of Bivalent COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Booster Doses Among Children Aged 5–11 Years — United States, October 12–January 1, 2023 On October 12, 2022, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for bivalent (mRNA encoding the spike protein from the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain and BA.4/BA.5 Omicron variants) formulations of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccines for use as a single booster dose ≥2 months after completion of primary series or monovalent booster vaccination for children aged 5-11 years (Pfizer-BioNTech) and 6-17 years (Moderna); on December 8, 2022, FDA amended the EUAs to include children aged ≥6 months (1,2). The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that all persons aged ≥6 months receive an age-appropriate bivalent mRNA booster dose (3). The safety of bivalent mRNA booster doses among persons aged ≥12 years has previously been described (4). To characterize the safety of bivalent mRNA booster doses among children aged 5-11 years after receipt of bivalent Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna booster doses, CDC reviewed adverse events and health impacts reported to v-safe,* a voluntary, smartphone-based U.S. safety surveillance system established by CDC to monitor adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination, and to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a U.S. passive vaccine safety surveillance system co-managed by CDC and FDA† (5). During October 12-January 1, 2023, a total of 861,251 children aged 5-11 years received a bivalent Pfizer-BioNTech booster, and 92,108 children aged 6-11 years received a bivalent Moderna booster.§ Among 3,259 children aged 5-11 years registered in v-safe who received a bivalent booster dose, local (68.7%) and systemic reactions (49.5%) were commonly reported in the week after vaccination. Approximately 99.8% of reports to VAERS for children aged 5-11 years after bivalent booster vaccination were nonserious. There were no reports of myocarditis or death after bivalent booster vaccination. Eighty-four percent of VAERS reports were related to vaccination errors, 90.5% of which did not list an adverse health event. Local and systemic reactions reported after receipt of a bivalent booster dose are consistent with those reported after a monovalent booster dose; serious adverse events are rare. Vaccine providers should provide this information when counseling parents or guardians about bivalent booster vaccination. Preliminary safety findings from the first 11 weeks of bivalent booster vaccination among children aged 5-11 years are reassuring. Compared with the low risk of serious health effects after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, the health effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection include death and serious long-term sequalae (6). ACIP recommends that all persons aged ≥6 months receive an age-appropriate bivalent mRNA booster dose ≥2 months after completion of a COVID-19 primary series or receipt of a monovalent booster dose.¶.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/129f2d3152d860cc1809d28147f7783157f69932

A history of madness in sixteenth-century Germany

Medicina e historia

01e1b869-8faa-4deb-8cd9-48453c0c239e

A history of madness in sixteenth-century Germany At a time when historians seem all too often to have lost confidence in their craft and turned to other branches of knowledge for inspiration, Erik Midelfort has written a very historical book. A history of madness in sixteenth-century Germany brilliantly demonstrates how much an accomplished historian can achieve. While Midelfort is by no means oblivious to the insights other disciplines offer-he listens to the "engaged and emphatic ethnography" of Nancy Scheper-Hughes and heeds the words of the philosopher Ian Hacking on multiple personality disorder'-his analysis rests on historical methods. Like Carlo Ginzburg, Midelfort fashions a history that is "really dead", one that stresses the strangeness of the sixteenth century (without exaggerating it) and that accepts the past as unique. He, moreover, rejects Foucault's "moral tone poem" as not "of much assistance" (pp. 7, 9), and prefers instead to do what historians are best-suited to do: exploit extant sources critically and creatively. Midelfort prefers the word "madness" precisely because it is an anachronism and because this vague term "well serves the purposes of an empirical historian" (p. 11). While Midelfort shuns the dreadful twins of retro-diagnosis and biological reductionism, he does not fear to accept that the perspective of almost four hundred years may well cast light on the experiences of distant times. The results ' Saints, scholars, and schizophrenics: mental illness in rural the soul: multiple personality and the sciences of memory, Princeton University Press, 1995. are impressive. Midelfort's discussion of madness covers a wide variety of sixteenth-century disturbances ranging from those almost uniformly judged unlucky or evil-such as the madness of sin-to those of a more ambivalent nature which sometimes enjoyed a more exalted interpretation folly, demonic possession, and melancholia. Interpretating sin and demonic possession requires an understanding of the "deeply felt and broadly all-encompassing religious language of the major thinkers" (p. 79), in particular Luther and Paracelsus. An effulgent chapter addresses the extent to which both reformers (and many contemporaries) "viewed madness as an ultimate threat to the order and peace to which God called all true believers" (p. 138). But the understanding, the experience, and the reality of madness in the sixteenth century did not begin and end with sin nor even with the increasing demonomania of the period. "Galenic observation", that is, the onset of the medicalization of madness, was also crucial. None the less, the detailed case histories men like Johann Weyer and Felix …

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48ad8a6ff2a3c133e8118b675e34c57310707779

Cor calcium: heart trapped in a pericardial cage

Anatolian journal of cardiology

Cor calcium: heart trapped in a pericardial cage for the evaluation of shortness of breath. Her previous medical record was unremarkable. ECG revealed negative T waves in the inferior and precordial derivations (Fig. 1). Chest X-ray showed dense calcification around the heart, compatible with a calcified pericardium (Fig. 2a, b). Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram revealed severe thickening and calcification of the pericardium, leading to the strangulation of the heart, but the extent of pericardial calcifications could not be estimated (Fig. 3a, b; Video 1). Constrictive physiology was also noted. In contrast, live/real-time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3-D-TTE) enabled the visualization of massive pericardial calcifications around both the ventricles and right atrium (Fig. 4a, b; Video 2), thus establishing a diagnosis of pericarditis constrictiva calcarea. A relative sparing of the anterior and apical aspects of both ventricles was noted. Routine laboratory test results revealed normal electrolyte levels and normal renal, liver, parathyroid, and thyroid functions. The levels of myocardial injury biomarkers and inflammatory and rheumatic disease markers were also normal. Tuberculosis was excluded based on negative results of the PPD test. Cardiac multidetector computed tomography confirmed the 3-D-TTE findings, with volume-rendered images showing severe pericardial calcification surrounding nearly both the ventricles and atria (Fig. 5). Coronary angiography revealed normal left and right coronary arterE-page Original Images E-5 Anatol J Cardiol 2017; 18: E-3-6

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e30c32f77aa222367ca2692178998b54f0b8841

Medical Honors

The Indian medical gazette

7bc8c601-4efa-400f-972e-164343190429

Medical Honors Soon after his arrival in India, he was fortunate enough to obtain active employment on the field. He served with the army of the Sutlej in 1846, and subsequently in the Punjab Campaign of 1848-49. He was present at the capture of the forts of Nungul, Rungul and Moraree, received a medal, and was among the officers thanked by Government for these services. His next charge was that of the 4-8th Battalion of Artillery in the standing camp at Deenanughur, where he distinguished himself by his general zeal, intelligence and activity, and by his efforts to extend vaccination in a new country. He continued to serve on the Punjab frontier up to the year 1855, when he was compelled by ill-health to proceed to Europe. During this period he took part in several frontier expeditions, and was repeatedly thanked for his services. He also, as Civil Surgeon of Kohat, won great praise for his professional zeal and success. " The fame

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/20738fab844267ad4023ab8af37f30094fd0ed6b

Guest Editorial: Reflections on Medical Physics Training

Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

3c65e337-3327-4051-b421-15875420b0a9

Guest Editorial: Reflections on Medical Physics Training The process of tightening qualifications to sit for ABR certification exams in subspecialties of medical physics is reaching the end of its arc. Predictably, this has sparked renewed hue and cry from individuals who would prefer to be offered lucrative careers without being held to those higher standards, as evidenced by a recent discussion thread on the electronic networking site LinkedIn. I offered the following perspective. Medical physics is a fantastic career for people who have the requisite set of interests and skills. Where else do you get to be the master of such a diverse and complex set of hightechnology devices and systems, and do so directly in the cause of healing and comforting people with life-threatening diseases? Not to mention earning the respect accorded to a Medical Specialist. We each have to decide for ourselves at certain points in our lives what we want to do with ourselves, what our life priorities are, and what dues we are willing to pay to achieve our goals. In almost every profession, more people will enter the pipeline than will find life-long careers coming out the other end. The good and the lucky succeed; others wind up doing something else. It’s true for plumbers, ministers, English professors, and medical physicists. Nobody is entitled to a job by virtue of entering a degree program. The profession of medical physics has changed dramatically since I entered 30 years ago. When I started out, nobody knew about this field — there was no pathway — and those of us who were lucky enough to find it (mostly by the good fortune of taking a wrong turn) came from very diverse backgrounds and learned the trade on the job. That worked well enough for the time because the field was very small, meaning opportunities for on-the-job training were fairly limited mostly to organizations with outstanding mentors who made careers of training good clinicians. I, for example, earned my MS degree from a formal medical physics didactic program in 1981 and spent three years in the clinic at the University of Florida as a full time trainee, apprenticing under some of the best physicists and physicians in the field. When the IMRT bubble hit around 2000, it created an enormous imbalance in the career pathway ecology. There was suddenly demand for a large number of plausibly qualified people to do the new, highly lucrative billable procedures that required physics effort. The floodgates opened and a very large number of people came into the profession without proper (or any) didactic or clinical training. The profession has suffered. Medical physicists do not enjoy the same level of professional respect as they did, and there are now a whole lot more crappy jobs than I recall ever being the case. I trace that change in part to the influx of people into the field who did not understand the culture of Medical Specialty, did not understand the role or rightful standing of the medical physicist, and who enabled the existence of those crappy jobs merely by occupying them. The recent American Board of Radiology (ABR) changes, of which I am highly supportive, are an inevitable response by the Medical Specialty community — from CMS through American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) to ABR and to us — to the ridiculous porousness of our credentialing. We were the only ABMS-certified profession that did not require formal clinical residency. Clearly that kind of exception could not stand. There is no point bellyaching about how there are not enough residency slots, or about how there is no guarantee of eventual ABR certification for a current college junior. That’s the way things work. Those who set their jaw, do the years of course work well at a quality program, and compete successfully for a quality residency will be rewarded with entry to a fantastic career and, I believe, an improving profession with improving quality of service to our patients. Some who enter the race will lose. That’s the way it works for anything worth competing for. Medical physics, despite tremendous relative growth, is still a very small profession. As I’m fond of saying, there are individual churches in Charlotte that have more members than does the AAPM. As such, personal connections are still very important. The people who run residency programs know the folks who run graduate programs. And the folks with the best entry-level JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS, VOLUME 13, NUMBER 4, 2012

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8263e20c329f841cbda080e2e012946b38f7e854

Non-Isochronal Behavior of Charge Transport at Liquid–Liquid and Liquid–Glass Transition in Aprotic Ionic Liquids

Journal of Physical Chemistry B

d55b0b46-f26b-455e-938b-14477e74e0aa

Non-Isochronal Behavior of Charge Transport at Liquid–Liquid and Liquid–Glass Transition in Aprotic Ionic Liquids A reversible, first-order transition separating two liquid phases of a single-component material is a fascinating yet poorly understood phenomenon. Here, we investigate the liquid–liquid transition (LLT) ability of two tetraalkylphosphonium ionic liquids (ILs), Cl and , using differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric spectroscopy. The latter technique also allowed us to study the LLT at elevated pressure. We found that cooling below 205 K transforms Cl and from one liquid state (liquid 1) to another (the self-assembled liquid 2), while the latter facilitates the charge transport decoupled from structural dynamics. In contrast to temperature, pressure was found to play an essential role in the self-organization of a liquid 2 phase, resulting in different time scales of charge transport for rapidly and slowly compressed samples. Furthermore, τσ(PLL) was found to be much shorter than τσ(TLL, P=atm), which constitutes the first example of non-isochronal behavior of charge transport at LLT. In turn, dielectric studies through the liquid–glass transition revealed the non-monotonic behavior of τσ at elevated pressure for Cl, while for τσ(Pg) was almost constant. These results highlight the diversity of liquid–liquid transition features within the class of phosphonium ionic liquids.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8535d55ebb374fbf741311a587f9c88962917b78

The Logic of EGFR/ErbB Signaling: Theoretical Properties and Analysis of High-Throughput Data

PLoS Comput. Biol.

The Logic of EGFR/ErbB Signaling: Theoretical Properties and Analysis of High-Throughput Data The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is probably the best-studied receptor system in mammalian cells, and it also has become a popular example for employing mathematical modeling to cellular signaling networks. Dynamic models have the highest explanatory and predictive potential; however, the lack of kinetic information restricts current models of EGFR signaling to smaller sub-networks. This work aims to provide a large-scale qualitative model that comprises the main and also the side routes of EGFR/ErbB signaling and that still enables one to derive important functional properties and predictions. Using a recently introduced logical modeling framework, we first examined general topological properties and the qualitative stimulus-response behavior of the network. With species equivalence classes, we introduce a new technique for logical networks that reveals sets of nodes strongly coupled in their behavior. We also analyzed a model variant which explicitly accounts for uncertainties regarding the logical combination of signals in the model. The predictive power of this model is still high, indicating highly redundant sub-structures in the network. Finally, one key advance of this work is the introduction of new techniques for assessing high-throughput data with logical models (and their underlying interaction graph). By employing these techniques for phospho-proteomic data from primary hepatocytes and the HepG2 cell line, we demonstrate that our approach enables one to uncover inconsistencies between experimental results and our current qualitative knowledge and to generate new hypotheses and conclusions. Our results strongly suggest that the Rac/Cdc42 induced p38 and JNK cascades are independent of PI3K in both primary hepatocytes and HepG2. Furthermore, we detected that the activation of JNK in response to neuregulin follows a PI3K-dependent signaling pathway.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/51a34c20cc77e8f18a34f5dfa92ef65096b443e7

Magnitude of pedestrian head injuries & fatalities in Bangalore, south India: A retrospective study from an apex neurotrauma center

The Indian journal of medical research

c894e6fa-e208-428a-a7e7-f54240447bbb

Magnitude of pedestrian head injuries & fatalities in Bangalore, south India: A retrospective study from an apex neurotrauma center Background & objectives: Pedestrians contribute to 30-40 per cent of all road traffic injuries in India. However, there is a paucity of literature on pedestrian head injury as compared to two wheeler trauma. The purpose of the present study was to study the pattern of pedestrian injuries and their outcome with a special focus on head injuries. Methods: The study was conducted in two parts in the Trauma Center at National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bangalore. A retrospective study was conducted at the casualty services of the hospital in which 529 consecutive pedestrians who sustained injury in a road traffic accident were studied from June to September 2009. In the second part, records from the hospital mortuary were retrospectively analyzed from 2007 to 2009. An analysis of 326 patients who died as a pedestrian in road accidents during this period was performed. Results: Patients in both paediatric and elderly age groups constituted 47.6 per cent (252/529) of all casualty admissions. Majority of the pedestrian injuries (41.7%, 221/529) occurred between 1600 - 2100 h; 87.1 per cent of all patients received some primary care before admission. The most common offending vehicle was a two wheeler (49.1%, 260/529). At the time of admission, 55.2 per cent (292/529) patients had sustained a moderate or severe head injury (GCS 3-13), and 40.5 per cent (214/529) had an abnormal CT scan. In addition, 90.4 per cent (478/529) patients had also sustained associated injuries. Major thoracoabdominal trauma was seen in 4 per cent and spine injury in 2.3 per cent of the patients. The mortality rate was 6.6 per cent. In the postmortem group, pedestrian deaths constituted 26.2 per cent of all the postmortems conducted. Two wheelers were the offending vehicle in the majority of the fatal crashes (39.9%). Interpretation & conclusions: Pedestrian injuries form a major part of the workload of a neurotrauma emergency. Majority of them sustained moderate to severe head injury. More attention, infrastructure and strict implementation of rules may help reduce this burden.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0e06837f936d2bc0413970061a9d2bf01af48798

Proteome signatures reveal homeostatic and adaptive oxidative responses by a putative co-chaperone, Wos2, to influence fungal virulence determinants in cryptococcosis

Microbiology spectrum

8c502236-f3b9-40c1-a98f-9929d4f709ae

Proteome signatures reveal homeostatic and adaptive oxidative responses by a putative co-chaperone, Wos2, to influence fungal virulence determinants in cryptococcosis ABSTRACT The increasing prevalence of invasive fungal pathogens is dramatically changing the clinical landscape of infectious diseases, posing an imminent threat to public health. Specifically, Cryptococcus neoformans, the human opportunistic pathogen, expresses elaborate virulence mechanisms and is equipped with sophisticated adaptation strategies to survive in harsh host environments. This study extensively characterizes Wos2, an Hsp90 co-chaperone homolog, featuring bilateral functioning for both cryptococcal adaptation and the resulting virulence response. In this study, we evaluated the proteome and secretome signatures associated with wos2 deletion in enriched and infection-mimicking conditions to reveal Wos2-dependent regulation of the oxidative stress response through global translational reprogramming. The wos2Δ strain demonstrates defective intracellular and extracellular antioxidant protection systems, measurable through a decreased abundance of critical antioxidant enzymes and reduced growth in the presence of peroxide stress. Additional Wos2-associated stress phenotypes were observed upon fungal challenge with heat shock, osmotic stress, and cell membrane stressors. We demonstrate the importance of Wos2 for intracellular lifestyle of C. neoformans during in vitro macrophage infection and provide evidence for reduced phagosomal replication levels associated with wos2Δ. Accordingly, wos2Δ featured significantly reduced virulence within impacting fungal burden in a murine model of cryptococcosis. Our study highlights a vulnerable point in the fungal chaperone network that offers a therapeutic opportunity to interfere with both fungal virulence and fitness. IMPORTANCE The global impact of fungal pathogens, both emerging and emerged, is undeniable, and the alarming increase in antifungal resistance rates hampers our ability to protect the global population from deadly infections. For cryptococcal infections, a limited arsenal of antifungals and increasing rates of resistance demand alternative therapeutic strategies, including an anti-virulence approach, which disarms the pathogen of critical virulence factors, empowering the host to remove the pathogens and clear the infection. To this end, we apply state-of-the-art mass spectrometry-based proteomics to evaluate the impact of a recently defined novel co-chaperone, Wos2, toward cryptococcal virulence using in vitro and in vivo models of infection. We explore global proteome and secretome remodeling driven by the protein and uncover the novel role in modulating the fungal oxidative stress response. Complementation of proteome findings with in vitro infectivity assays demonstrated the protective role of Wos2 within the macrophage phagosome, influencing fungal replication and survival. These results underscore differential cryptococcal survivability and weakened patterns of dissemination in the absence of wos2. Overall, our study establishes Wos2 as an important contributor to fungal pathogenesis and warrants further research into critical proteins within global stress response networks as potential druggable targets to reduce fungal virulence and clear infection. The global impact of fungal pathogens, both emerging and emerged, is undeniable, and the alarming increase in antifungal resistance rates hampers our ability to protect the global population from deadly infections. For cryptococcal infections, a limited arsenal of antifungals and increasing rates of resistance demand alternative therapeutic strategies, including an anti-virulence approach, which disarms the pathogen of critical virulence factors, empowering the host to remove the pathogens and clear the infection. To this end, we apply state-of-the-art mass spectrometry-based proteomics to evaluate the impact of a recently defined novel co-chaperone, Wos2, toward cryptococcal virulence using in vitro and in vivo models of infection. We explore global proteome and secretome remodeling driven by the protein and uncover the novel role in modulating the fungal oxidative stress response. Complementation of proteome findings with in vitro infectivity assays demonstrated the protective role of Wos2 within the macrophage phagosome, influencing fungal replication and survival. These results underscore differential cryptococcal survivability and weakened patterns of dissemination in the absence of wos2. Overall, our study establishes Wos2 as an important contributor to fungal pathogenesis and warrants further research into critical proteins within global stress response networks as potential druggable targets to reduce fungal virulence and clear infection.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd847bc9ba63614941b0f9bfd359a9e1f96f65f3

Identification of small-molecule protein–protein interaction inhibitors for NKG2D

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

bb95bf2e-8383-4748-bf9d-d6906d091085

Identification of small-molecule protein–protein interaction inhibitors for NKG2D Significance The disruption of protein–protein interactions (PPI) represents a major opportunity for therapeutic intervention, as illustrated by many FDA-approved antibodies. However, the discovery of small-molecule PPI inhibitors remains challenging due to the complex nature and large size of most PPI interfaces. We report two distinct small-molecule classes targeting NKG2D (Naturalkiller group 2D), an immune receptor considered to be intractable for small-molecule inhibition. Inhibitor discovery and optimization were facilitated by large chemically diverse libraries combined with a comprehensive biochemical and cell-based assay suite. Both chemical series inhibited ligand-induced signaling by allosterically altering the NKG2D dimer conformation. This indicates that by targeting protein–protein interfaces involving oligomers, it is possible to increase the probability of discovering small-molecule PPI modulators.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f9b1875d990248fa185f51ded89db12626282edd

Breast Cancer Among Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Women at the Mexican Teachers' Cohort

JCO Global Oncology

91b3b96d-ebfc-4fdb-b8fe-42cf87956da2

Breast Cancer Among Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Women at the Mexican Teachers' Cohort PURPOSE Hispanics and Indigenous women are underrepresented in cancer research. We aimed to estimate the incidence of breast cancer (BC) among indigenous and non-indigenous women and describe reproductive and lifestyle risk factors. METHODS The baseline questionnaire was completed by 115,307 women (2006-2008). Indigenous ancestry was defined by self-adscription and/or speaking an indigenous language. Incident BC-cases were confirmed using self-reports, administrative and clinical databases, cancer registries, and death certificates. We calculated person-years from the baseline questionnaire to the date of diagnosis, death, or the end of follow-up (December 31, 2019). We age-standardized reproductive and lifestyle information. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 10.8 years, we confirmed 1,212 BC-cases. The crude incidence rate per 100,000 person-years was 55 for indigenous and 95 for non-indigenous women; the mean age at diagnosis was 48.2 and 50.8, respectively. In indigenous BC-cases, early menarche (11.9 v 26.7%), first pregnancy > 25 years (36.8% v 51.7%), and nulliparity (11.7% v 14.1%) were less frequent compared to non-indigenous. The number of children (3.0 v 2.6) and breastfeeding > 12 months (71.6% v 45.2%) were higher among indigenous. Indigenous had earlier menopause (44.8 v 47.5 years) and more premenopausal-BC (27.8% v 25.1%). Oral contraceptives use (42.6% v 48.0%), hormone-replacement therapy (12.4% v 24.6%), family history of BC (11.9% v 15.1%) and benign breast-disease (17.8% v 23.0%) were less frequent in indigenous cases. Physical activity (> 150 min/week) was higher in indigenous women (34.3% v 27.8%). Smoking (6.6% v 11.2%) and alcohol consumption (47.9% v 61.3%) were lower in indigenous women; however, they had more diabetes (14.6% v 6.0%) and were at the highest tertile of the dietary glycemic index (40.2% v 35.0%). CONCLUSION In the MTC, BC-incidence in indigenous women is lower than in non-indigenous; this might be explained by a lower prevalence of hormonal and reproductive risk factors and higher physical activity among indigenous women.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8fb8968c6df14a9a768079b612c1297f42028bbe

The Medical Inspection of Schools

The Hospital

965d752e-3d99-47a6-bf0f-de96ba26b1f3

The Medical Inspection of Schools become interwoven in the system, to urge that the whole matter of the medical inspection of schools and scholars touches so intimately upon matters of public health, that instead of the school managers engaging their own inspectors and instead of these inspectors having regard merely to what is good and advisable from an educational point of view, the medical inspectors of schools ought to be appointed by the sanitary authorities, and ought in their inspections to have regard to what is best for the good of the community. The time is peculiarly appropriate for the discussion of this matter, since under the new Education Act a definite link is

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ba0c6f7c7d9632563acf6fee1c6fd0270871df94

Medical students and interns’ knowledge about and attitude towards homosexuality

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine

f75b40af-e778-47da-a56a-9a74cc6b13e0

Medical students and interns’ knowledge about and attitude towards homosexuality Background and Rationale: Medical professionals′ attitude towards homosexuals affects health care offered to such patients with a different sexual orientation. There is absence of literature that explores the attitudes of Indian medical students or physicians towards homosexuality. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate Indian medical students and interns′ knowledge about homosexuality and attitude towards homosexuals. Materials and Methods: After IEC approval and written informed consent, a cross-sectional study was conducted on a purposive sample of undergraduate medical students and interns studying in one Indian medical college. The response rate was 80.5%. Only completely and validly filled responses (N = 244) were analyzed. The participants filled the Sex Education and Knowledge about Homosexuality Questionnaire (SEKHQ) and the Attitudes towards Homosexuals Questionnaire (AHQ). SEKHQ consisted of 32 statements with response chosen from ′true′, ′false′, or ′don′t know′. AHQ consisted of 20 statements scorable on a 5-point Likert scale. Multiple linear regression was used to find the predictors of knowledge and attitude. Results: Medical students and interns had inadequate knowledge about homosexuality, although they endorsed a neutral stance insofar as their attitude towards homosexuals is concerned. Females had more positive attitudes towards homosexuals. Knowledge emerged as the most significant predictor of attitude; those having higher knowledge had more positive attitudes. Conclusion: Enhancing knowledge of medical students by incorporation of homosexuality related health issues in the curriculum could help reduce prejudice towards the sexual minority and thus impact their future clinical practice.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7df6f4a3a4336c7c0adf46cdcc95a525f13d88eb

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES TOWARD COVID-19 AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN PUERTO RICO

Innovation in aging

6d6a372b-cc95-4ba3-85d8-165d6d96da48

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES TOWARD COVID-19 AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN PUERTO RICO Abstract To better understand the dynamics of their health behaviors during the pandemic, we examined older adults’ COVID-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). KAP theory postulates that individuals acquire knowledge about a health condition which influences their attitudes and beliefs and that these, in turn, lead to health practices. We used hierarchical regression to examine the influence of knowledge and attitudes (Step 1) on practices, controlling for health and relevant covariates (Step 2). The Step 1 association between increased knowledge and better practices (B = 0.14, p = .046) became nonsignificant in Step 2. Greater worry about contracting COVID-19 remained significant throughout (Step 2: B = 0.15, p = .043). We further explored subgroup differences within KAP measures via bivariate analyses. For instance, women had significantly higher overall knowledge (p = .013), while men had significantly better overall attitudes (p = .044). We will discuss implications of such subgroup differences for practice and policy interventions.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/33d3cc7e1d485ba0f412d466c0c061097729fb88

SUN-369 Challenges in Diagnosing and Managing PPNAD in a Patient with Carney Complex

Journal of the Endocrine Society

ccbeb193-d73e-4c27-9e78-65553fb9c08a

SUN-369 Challenges in Diagnosing and Managing PPNAD in a Patient with Carney Complex Abstract Background Carney complex (CNC) is a rare disorder associated with endocrine, cardiac, cutaneous and neural tumors. Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is the most frequent endocrine manifestation in patients with CNC and can be challenging to diagnose and manage. Case A 35 yo female with CNC diagnosed at the age of 3 yrs presented with a 20 lb. weight gain over last 1 year associated with easy bruising, anxiety, dorsocervical and supraclavicular fat pad. She had no other comorbidities and had normal bone density. Her morning cortisol after 8 mg dexamethasone was not suppressed (cortisol 14.9 mcg/dl, dexamethasone 1920 ng/dl); however, urine cortisol values were high normal to only mildly elevated (42.7, 48.4; n-3.5-45 mcg/24hr). Loss of circadian rhythm was noted on comparing midnight and morning cortisol level (8.4, 8.3 mcg/dl respectively), ACTH was suppressed (<5 pg/ml) and DHEAS was low (0.26; n-0.35-4.30 mcg/ml). Her Liddle’s test was not consistent with PPNAD. Adrenal CT was suggestive of possible focal enlargement of medial limb of left adrenal. She was offered bilateral adrenalectomy, but has deferred it at this time. Discussion CNC was first described by Dr. Carney in 1985 as ‘the complex of myxomas, spotting pigmentation and endocrine over-reactivity’. It is a rare disorder with 750 known cases. It has autosomal dominant inheritance with almost 100% penetrance. PPNAD is seen clinically in 25-60% of patients with CNC, however, it has been found in almost every individual with CNC who underwent autopsy, suggesting significant variability in presentation. Symptoms may evolve over a span of many years, making it difficult to determine the appropriate timing of treatment. Diagnosing PPNAD can be challenging as cortisol production can be cyclical, periodic or subclinical. The paradoxical rise in glucocorticoids in response to dexamethasone (Liddle’s test) is reported in 69% of patients but is not pathognomonic. Radiological diagnosis is also challenging as most nodules are less than 4 mm in size, so the adrenals may appear normal on CT scan. Recommended treatment for PPNAD is bilateral adrenalectomy, but this introduces a lifelong burden of steroid replacement and risk of adrenal crisis. Recently, Xu et al performed unilateral adrenalectomy in patients with PPNAD with remission of disease in 12/13 patients with mean follow-up of 3.9 yrs. Longer follow up is needed to determine if unilateral adrenalectomy is an acceptable treatment in PPNAD. Conclusion Diagnosing PPNAD and deciding appropriate time of surgery can be challenging. Unilateral adrenalectomy as a treatment modality needs to be further studied. References Correa et al. Carney Complex: An Update. Eur J Endocrinol 2015. Xu et al. The Role of Unilateral Adrenalectomy in Corticotropin-Independent Bilateral Adrenocortical Hyperplasias. World J Surg 2013.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f8dd21a5f7cc8d4aa648f3da1d6590d59dbe45dc

Retracted: Molecular Mechanism of Gas Anesthetics on the Invasion, Metastasis, and Chemosensitivity of Osteosarcoma Cells

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

2ca1e2ac-8c3b-4251-94ed-24846d391d3b

Retracted: Molecular Mechanism of Gas Anesthetics on the Invasion, Metastasis, and Chemosensitivity of Osteosarcoma Cells .

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8bdc25104ea5a8c99a93d61383f9b8bcf6cb27a9

MOFs with Open Metal(III) Sites for the Environmental Capture of Polar Volatile Organic Compounds

Angewandte Chemie

MOFs with Open Metal(III) Sites for the Environmental Capture of Polar Volatile Organic Compounds Abstract Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) with open metal sites (OMS) interact strongly with a range of polar gases/vapors. However, under ambient conditions, their selective adsorption is generally impaired due to a high OMS affinity to water. This led previously to the privilege selection of hydrophobic MOFs for the selective capture/detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Herein, we show that this paradigm is challenged by metal(III) polycarboxylates MOFs, bearing a high concentration of OMS, as MIL‐100(Fe), enabling the selective capture of polar VOCs even in the presence of water. With experimental and computational tools, including single‐component gravimetric and dynamic mixture adsorption measurements, in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory calculations we reveal that this adsorption mechanism involves a direct coordination of the VOC on the OMS, associated with an interaction energy that exceeds that of water. Hence, MOFs with OMS are demonstrated to be of interest for air purification purposes.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9dc222cb37bf41fc6af2ad7bd827fb38749208f5

Cytologic features of primary monophasic synovial sarcoma of the thyroid gland

CytoJournal

36df79d5-6edd-464e-8891-ebaf354fd077

Cytologic features of primary monophasic synovial sarcoma of the thyroid gland Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare soft tissue tumor, commonly arising in para-articular areas of extremities, but can also present in the head and neck area. However, primary SS of the thyroid gland is an extremely rare tumor which has been reported only five times in previous English literatures. This report presents fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of primary monophasic SS of the thyroid gland. A 47-year- old woman incidentally detected thyroid nodule in the isthmus of right thyroid gland on an ultrasonography by regular health check-up. Because the possibility of malignancy could not be ruled out, FNA and surgical resection were performed. The cytological, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of SYT-SSX transcript were discussed. For the past 3 years of follow-up after surgery, no recurrence or metastasis has been identified.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2d489b150624e42f14aa22aa1f67f1f97c7fa0a1

New ways of working to support sustainable disease elimination

Community eye health

New ways of working to support sustainable disease elimination How can we ensure that Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are not just eliminated, but eliminated once and for all? T his article explores the key role that water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions can play and what partnerships, programs and policies can be adopted to help see the end of certain diseases for good. When talking about the end goal for a number of NTDs, we use the term elimination as a public health problem instead of control. This requires disease prevalence to be reduced to below specific threshold levels so that transmission levels are sufficiently low for fixed health facilities to treat cases so that specific community outreach programs are not required. This carries a risk of resurgence to public health problem levels if the conditions for transmission have not changed. For diseases in which access to water, and poor sanitation and hygiene (WASH) plays a fundamental role, undertaking efforts to improve these conditions will reduce the risk of resurgence and, ultimately, enhance the sustainability of elimination efforts. The transmission of schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis and trachoma is closely linked to poor WASH conditions, yet programs often focus on medical interventions, particularly mass drug administration. In order to prevent the spread of these diseases, a greater focus on WASH services is needed to reach elimination goals faster, reduce competition for resources and increase the value of programs in the eyes of the public and politicians by offering other health and non health related benefits. This approach is being championed at the highest level. In August 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) unveiled a global strategy and action plan to better integrate WASH services with public health interventions to accelerate progress in eliminating and eradicating NTDs by 2020. The emphasis is further stated in the standard operating procedures developed by WHO for validation or elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. The procedures require that gains against disease are sustained in the absence of antibiotic pressure and that evidence that environmental and behavioural conditions for transmission have been addressed. This provides added incentive for trachoma partners to work with WASH, education and other stakeholders. While efforts have been made over the years by those working on NTDs to engage with agencies that deliver WASH services, NTD and WASH programs have tended to work separately. This has led to concerns over both the sustainability of achievements made through mass drug administration …

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23f3a0dd7fb53ccfcaf4c9d1b26eefb749acff14

Platelet-rich plasma in periodontal defect treatment after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars

National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery

8cfa79db-1f5f-49e9-98c8-f4c48427fbeb

Platelet-rich plasma in periodontal defect treatment after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars Purpose: The extraction of mesioangular impacted third molars may cause multiple periodontal defects at the distal root of the second molar. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a material containing many autologous growth factors that may be used in repairing and preventing periodontal complications at the distal root of the second molar adjacent to the extracted third molar. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the effects of autologous PRP on periodontal tissues after extraction of the third molar in 18 young patients (age, 20–30 years). Inclusion criteria were the presence of a pocket distal to the mandibular second molar with a probing depth of 7.5 mm and a probing attachment level of 6 mm. Results: We observed, at 12 weeks after surgery, a notable reduction in the probing depth and an improvement in the probing attachment level in those cases treated with PRP compared with the controls, as well as formation of new bone tissue in the bone defect. Conclusion: We showed that PRP is effective in inducing and accelerating bone regeneration for the treatment of periodontal defects at the distal root of the mandibular second molar after surgical extraction of a mesioangular, deeply impacted mandibular third molar.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/50b5dc8c8d87dfdfa658c70eeb837c7893a2ab4f

Mumps Outbreak in a Marshallese Community — Denver Metropolitan Area, Colorado, 2016–2017

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

Mumps Outbreak in a Marshallese Community — Denver Metropolitan Area, Colorado, 2016–2017 In January 2017, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) identified four epidemiologically linked cases of mumps among persons from a Marshallese community who were members of the same church in the Denver metropolitan area. During 2016-2017, sizable outbreaks of mumps reported in Arkansas, Hawaii, and Washington also affected the Marshallese population (1). CDPHE, the Tri-County Health Department (TCHD), and Denver Public Health collaborated to conduct an outbreak investigation during January-March 2017 using active and passive surveillance that identified 17 confirmed and 30 probable cases. Public health actions included conducting measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination clinics at local Marshallese churches; these resulted in the vaccination of 126 persons with ≥1 doses of MMR vaccine. Implementation of active surveillance and support from local Marshallese church leaders in promoting vaccination programs likely contributed to interruption of the outbreak.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7c871d0d1e39a860b256bc81edcdd7cd83f24895

Retracted: The Protective Role of Brain CYP2J in Parkinson's Disease Models

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

a125adaf-3510-4add-b6a4-6c056090827e

Retracted: The Protective Role of Brain CYP2J in Parkinson's Disease Models .

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8d36dd6178eee6e21e42f510779071626936a16d

Modern Sociology

The Hospital

965d752e-3d99-47a6-bf0f-de96ba26b1f3

Modern Sociology discussion. Allowing that people will drink intoxicating liquor?and the day when the British will be a teetotal nation is still far distant?public management seems to be the best method yet devised of minimising the admitted evils of liquor shops. The people who are temperate, but not teetotal, indeed see in it a possible cure for these evils altogether. The great danger of the public-house lies in the fact that it is carried on for private profit. It is as much the publican's interest to sell his customers as much whisky or

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4f76211b55bde5b1cbc6f627dbfa2627bb1d6ab0

Who self-medicates? Results from structural equation modeling in the Greater Paris area, France

PLoS ONE

0aed7a40-85f3-4c66-9e1b-c1556c57001b

Who self-medicates? Results from structural equation modeling in the Greater Paris area, France Objectives Our study aimed to describe the prevalence of self-medication among the Paris adult population and to identify the factors associated with self-medication. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was based on data collected from the SIRS cohort (a French acronym for “Health, inequalities and social ruptures”) in 2005 in the Paris metropolitan area using a face-to-face administration questionnaire among a representative sample of 3,023 French-speaking adults. Structural equation models were used to investigate the factors associated with self-medication in the overall population and according to income. Results The prevalence of self-medication in the past four weeks was 53.5% in the Paris metropolitan area. Seven factors were directly associated with self-medication in the structural equation model. Self-medication was found more common among women, young people, in active employment or student, with a high income, but also among people with a health information seeking behavior, with a high daily mobility, and/or with a history of unmet healthcare needs due to economic reasons. When looking at these coefficients according to income, the association between self-medication and daily mobility appeared stronger in the bottom quartile of income whereas it was no longer significant in the rest of the survey population. Conclusion Self-medication is a frequent practice in the Paris metropolitan area. This study confirms the role of some factors found to be associated with self-medication in the literature such as age or gender and draws attention to other factors rarely explored such as daily mobility, especially among people with a low income, or health information seeking behavior.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6e1e1679ec3ba255d010ce43bf7ceb78541337b3

Occupational exposure to benzene and mortality risk of lymphohaematopoietic cancers in the Swiss National Cohort

Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health

0d959e55-5b84-4446-a0c9-aea3f3294253

Occupational exposure to benzene and mortality risk of lymphohaematopoietic cancers in the Swiss National Cohort Objectives Previous studies established a causal relationship between occupational benzene exposure and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, mixed results have been reported for associations between benzene exposure and other myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. Our work examined whether occupational benzene exposure is associated with increased mortality from overall lymphohaematopoietic (LH) cancer and major subtypes. Methods Mortality records were linked to a Swiss census-based cohort from two national censuses in 1990 and 2000. Cases were defined as having any LH cancers registered in death certificates. We assessed occupational exposure by applying a quantitative benzene job-exposure matrix (BEN-JEM) to census-reported occupations. Exposure was calculated as the products of exposure proportions and levels (P × L). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate LH cancer death hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with benzene exposure, continuously and in ordinal categories. Results Our study included approximately 2.97 million persons and 13 415 LH cancer cases, including 3055 cases with benzene exposure. We observed increased mortality risks per unit (P x L) increase in continuous benzene exposure for AML (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.06) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04–1.14). When exposure was assessed categorically, increasing trends in risks were observed with increasing benzene exposure for AML (P=0.04), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (P=0.02), and follicular lymphoma (P=0.05). Conclusion In a national cohort from Switzerland, we found that occupational exposure to benzene is associated with elevated mortality risks for AML, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and possibly follicular lymphoma.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/693758509cf2c800fcb8534c70941fbb2b72e3d3

Brazilian scientific journals: challenges, (dis)incentives and one fundamental question

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

4a9aad86-9198-4764-9f98-fb957656c350

Brazilian scientific journals: challenges, (dis)incentives and one fundamental question There are more than a thousand journals that publish research results from all knowledge fields in Brazil. Despite the existence of centennial journals such as “Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz” and “Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias”, which started publishing in 1907 and 1929, respectively, Brazilian researchers do not consider international journals published here as a source of academic prestige. Following the steady growth of Brazilian science in the last quarter of the 20th century, Brazilian researchers have been engaged in an evaluative and rewarding system that has pushed them to seek out journals deemed as offering more influence and visibility in the academic world. These journals are largely owned by major publishers based in the USA or Europe...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4918e27a929537c6b6db7b2c488b6fe3c61089c7

Ground spiders (Chelicerata, Araneae) of an urban green space: intensive sampling in a protected area of Rome (Italy) reveals a high diversity and new records to the Italian territory

Biodiversity Data Journal

981ffbc3-11c9-402c-b755-80161f444955

Ground spiders (Chelicerata, Araneae) of an urban green space: intensive sampling in a protected area of Rome (Italy) reveals a high diversity and new records to the Italian territory Abstract Background Urbanisation is a rapidly growing global phenomenon leading to habitat destruction, fragmentation and degradation. However, urban areas can offer opportunities for conservation, particularly through the presence of green spaces which can even provide important habitats for imperilled species. Spiders, which play crucial roles in ecosystem functioning, include many species that can successfully exploit urban environments. Placed in the middle of the Mediterranean global biodiversity hotspot, Italy possesses an exceptionally rich spider fauna, yet comprehensive data on urban spider communities are still limited. More information on urban spiders in Italy would be extremely beneficial to support conservation efforts, especially in central and southern Italy, where knowledge on the spider fauna is largely incomplete. New information The current study focused on the spider diversity of a large protected area (Appia Antica Regional Park) in urban Rome, Italy. A total of 120 spider species belonging to 83 genera and 28 families were identified, with 70 species being new records to the Province of Rome, 39 to the Latium Region and two (Pelecopsisdigitulus Bosmans & Abrous, 1992 and Palliduphantesarenicola (Denis, 1964)) to Italy. Forty-one species were recorded during autumn/winter sampling and 107 in spring/summer. The spider fauna recorded from the study area included about 37% of the total spider fauna known from the Province of Rome, 28% of that of the Latium Region and 7% of the entire Italian territory. The most represented families in terms of species richness were Gnaphosidae and Linyphiidae, which accounted for more than 40% of the sampled fauna. Lycosidae were the most abundant family (29% of captured individuals), followed by Zodariidae (16% of captured individuals), Linyphiidae (13% of captured individuals) and Gnaphosidae (7.5% of captured individuals). From a biogeographical point of view, most of the collected species belonged to chorotypes that extend for large areas across Europe and the Mediterranean. The research highlights the role of urban green spaces as refuges for spiders and the importance of arachnological research in urban areas as sources of information on spider biodiversity at larger scales.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2d23d3dd0bbb4ae0b63b9fa51569a1a27aee8256

Portable Diseases

The Indian medical gazette

7bc8c601-4efa-400f-972e-164343190429

Portable Diseases The discussions carried on last year in the Medical Society of New York, regarding yellow fever, are well worth the attentive study of our readers. Drs. Austin Flint, J. C. Peters, G. M. Smith, and, in fact, by far the majority of the best known authorities who took part in the debate, were of opinion that yellow fever was not a contagious disease. Nevertheless, they believed in its " portability"?that the disease may be transported, although not capable of spontaneous generation in the bodies of those affected with it. In this respect it much

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b4071500522f7fb260d8ab629d3547f22cc3fb11

Evaluation of the Impact of Different Surface Treatments on Implant Surface: An In Vitro Study

Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences

78f0693c-2254-425e-9816-0af30e467821

Evaluation of the Impact of Different Surface Treatments on Implant Surface: An In Vitro Study ABSTRACT Aim: The current study was conducted to assess the effects of various surface treatments on the implant surface. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 dental implants measuring 16 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter were used, along with the appropriate abutments. Depending on the surface treatment used, the samples were randomly split into three groups, with 15 implants in each group: Group 1: Control, Group 2: UV light-treated, Group 3: Sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA)-treated. After surface treatment, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to assess the test samples’ surface properties. All sample images were captured using a 3000× magnification. After all three groups’ surfaces were treated, the surface roughness was measured using a digital optical profilometer with a stylus speed of 0.5 mm/s that was connected to computer software. Results: The maximum surface roughness was found in the group treated with SLA (0.714 ± 0.12), followed by the group treated with UV light (0.692 ± 0.09) and the control group (0.516 ± 0.12). There was a significant difference found between different surface treatment methods. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the group that received the SLA treatment had the highest surface roughness when compared to the UV light and control groups.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/567a390093e87c3291b97ac2e7eb65dc83dab15b

Systematic Reviews on the Prevention of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Related to Maternal Obesity to Improve Evidence-Based Counselling

Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde

cf50a44e-a88d-48ee-b09a-83784921411c

Systematic Reviews on the Prevention of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Related to Maternal Obesity to Improve Evidence-Based Counselling Abstract Background Health professionals and their patients should understand the importance of evidence. In the case of gestational diabetes mellitus, which is often associated with an abnormally high body mass index, the immediate and long-term outcome of women and their offspring depends in part on advice and implementation of lifestyle changes before, during and after pregnancy. Methods Up to September 2023, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and WEB OF SCIENCE were used to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the prevention of gestational diabetes. The ROBIS and AMSTAR criteria were analyzed for all systematic reviews. Results A total of 36 systematic reviews were identified. Dietary interventions, physical activity or a combined approach all reduced adverse pregnancy outcomes such as gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension and related morbidities. Within the randomized controlled trials included in the 36 systematic reviews, the type, intensity and frequency of interventions varied widely. The primary outcomes, reporting and methodological quality of the 36 systematic reviews and meta-analyses also varied. The meta-analysis with the highest ROBIS and AMSTAR-2 scores was selected to design an icon array based on a fact box simulating 100 patients. Conclusions We propose a methodology for selecting the best evidence and transforming it into a format that illustrates the benefits and harms in a way that can be understood by lay patients, even if they cannot read. This model can be applied to counselling for expectant mothers in low and high-income countries, regardless of socioeconomic status, provided that women have access to appropriately trained healthcare providers.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2680d063f33133ce21f360a6224b637754e94fdd

In memory of Prof. Carlo Grassi

Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine

71ed6d6b-423e-472c-8c0c-c64d8b25806c

In memory of Prof. Carlo Grassi On January 4th, 2022 Professor Carlo Grassi died at home in Milan, at the age of 95 years...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d469ade70c9d219db29446c8b34210a27d1eb40d

Service Notes

The Indian medical gazette

7bc8c601-4efa-400f-972e-164343190429

Service Notes 9. Williams, C.L 5,488 10. Vickers, W. C 5,356 ?11. Smith, E. L. 0.... 5,291 12. Shaw, T. W........ 5,264 * Gained the Parkes's Memorial bronze medal. List of surgeons on probation in her Majesty's Indian Medical Service who were successful at both the London and Netley examinations. The prizes are awarded for marks gained in the special subjects taught at the Army Medical School. The final positions of these gentlemen

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/51f7c1274f7da5b75a82acb913bb056899c2d18e

Correction: Optimisation of 1H PMLG homonuclear decoupling at 60 kHz MAS to enable 15N–1H through-bond heteronuclear correlation solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP

63ed87ae-e104-4cfe-91c9-eb1f2f9ed5b0

Correction: Optimisation of 1H PMLG homonuclear decoupling at 60 kHz MAS to enable 15N–1H through-bond heteronuclear correlation solid-state NMR spectroscopy Correction for ‘Optimisation of 1H PMLG homonuclear decoupling at 60 kHz MAS to enable 15N–1H through-bond heteronuclear correlation solid-state NMR spectroscopy’ by Jacqueline Tognetti et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 20258–20273, .

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1aa5e86bd5cff1781bd0359dfac39f31544a5bbe

ALOPECIA AREATA IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI

Indian Journal of Dermatology

9dfbd503-d104-4952-88dc-462e8ce2e5c2

ALOPECIA AREATA IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an immune-mediated form of hair loss that occurs in all ethnic groups, ages, and both sexes. Helicobacter pylori has been associated with many extra-digestive dermatological conditions. The causal relation between alopecia areata and Helicobacter pylori is discussed in this study. Materials and Methods: We have screened for the presence of H. pylori in patients with AA, in order to determine any potential role in its patho-physiology. We have prospectively studied 31 patients with alopecia areata and 24 healthy volunteers of similar gender, for the presence of H. pylori stool antigen (HpSAg). Results: Optical density values for H. pylori infection was positive in 18 of the 31 patients evaluated (58.1%), while in 13 patients, the values did not support H. pylori infection (41.9%). In the control group, 10 of the 24 (41.7%) had positive results. Within the group of alopecia areata, there was no significant difference between HpSAg positive and negative patients. Conclusions: The results have shown that a relation between Helicobacter pylori and alopecia areata is not supported. We advise that H. pylori detection need not to be included in the laboratory work up of alopecia areata.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c55e590f7a8a711282e4c359acea97fd05ee2e35

Identifying Drug Effects via Pathway Alterations using an Integer Linear Programming Optimization Formulation on Phosphoproteomic Data

PLoS Comput. Biol.

Identifying Drug Effects via Pathway Alterations using an Integer Linear Programming Optimization Formulation on Phosphoproteomic Data Understanding the mechanisms of cell function and drug action is a major endeavor in the pharmaceutical industry. Drug effects are governed by the intrinsic properties of the drug (i.e., selectivity and potency) and the specific signaling transduction network of the host (i.e., normal vs. diseased cells). Here, we describe an unbiased, phosphoproteomic-based approach to identify drug effects by monitoring drug-induced topology alterations. With our proposed method, drug effects are investigated under diverse stimulations of the signaling network. Starting with a generic pathway made of logical gates, we build a cell-type specific map by constraining it to fit 13 key phopshoprotein signals under 55 experimental conditions. Fitting is performed via an Integer Linear Program (ILP) formulation and solution by standard ILP solvers; a procedure that drastically outperforms previous fitting schemes. Then, knowing the cell's topology, we monitor the same key phosphoprotein signals under the presence of drug and we re-optimize the specific map to reveal drug-induced topology alterations. To prove our case, we make a topology for the hepatocytic cell-line HepG2 and we evaluate the effects of 4 drugs: 3 selective inhibitors for the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and a non-selective drug. We confirm effects easily predictable from the drugs' main target (i.e., EGFR inhibitors blocks the EGFR pathway) but we also uncover unanticipated effects due to either drug promiscuity or the cell's specific topology. An interesting finding is that the selective EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib inhibits signaling downstream the Interleukin-1alpha (IL1α) pathway; an effect that cannot be extracted from binding affinity-based approaches. Our method represents an unbiased approach to identify drug effects on small to medium size pathways which is scalable to larger topologies with any type of signaling interventions (small molecules, RNAi, etc). The method can reveal drug effects on pathways, the cornerstone for identifying mechanisms of drug's efficacy.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d4894a8e3926465c8c2d9759bf4ae4618e4671ea

Pyrazinamide induced thrombocytopenia

Indian Journal of Pharmacology

98fedc17-01a6-40fe-a923-ca1c45d01c41

Pyrazinamide induced thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication of certain antitubercular drugs and is characterized by rapid destruction of platelets whenever offending drug is taken by a susceptible person. We report a case of pyrazinamide-induced thrombocytopenia in a patient receiving anti tubercular drugs.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e568333a2f2dadb4d97d5f9a978b98c58b7bca1a

Identification and validation of a necroptosis-related gene prognostic signature for colon adenocarcinoma

Translational Cancer Research

b55a0d7d-c7ea-4b2f-b831-720686cfe687

Identification and validation of a necroptosis-related gene prognostic signature for colon adenocarcinoma Background Necroptosis is a novel programmed cell death pathway proposed in 2005, which is mainly activated by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family and mediates cellular disassembly via receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1), receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL). We tried to analyze the relationship of necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) expression with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and propose potential therapeutic targets through immunological analysis. Methods First, we evaluated the expression of NRGs in COAD patients and constructed a prognostic signature. The prognostic signature was validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-COAD and GSE39582 datasets, respectively. And the Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and principal component analysis were used to evaluate the signature. Then we analyzed the enrichment of NRGs in the signature using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Finally, we analyzed the immunological characteristics of the COAD patients by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and predicted the possible immune checkpoints. Results We constructed a prognostic signature with 8 NRGs (RIPK3, MLKL, TRAF2, CXCL1, RBCK1, CDKN2A, JMJD7-PLA2G4B and CAMK2B). The Kaplan-Meier analysis, ROC curves, and principal component analysis demonstrated good predictivity of the signature. In addition, we constructed a nomogram with good individualized predictive ability (C-index =0.772). The immunological analysis revealed that the prognosis of COAD was associated with autoimmune function, and we proposed 10 potential therapeutic targets. Conclusions Overall, we constructed an NRGs prognostic signature and suggested potential therapeutic targets for the COAD treatment.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2cb90821661df703d5eaf19d4589296e69da867e

A dynamic study of the postoperative management of thyroid cancer from 2003 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis

Gland surgery

58e8934d-5c25-47a2-9e18-d7102a9f791e

A dynamic study of the postoperative management of thyroid cancer from 2003 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis Background Over the past 20 years, the global incidence of thyroid cancer has continued to increase. The volume of literature on the postoperative management of thyroid cancer comprises 1,040 articles, from 64 countries, with 1,400 journals publishing the relevant literature, and several guidelines on the treatment of thyroid cancer. This study used bibliometric methods to identify research hotspots and explore future directions in this field. Methods We comprehensively searched the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) database of the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) for articles published from 2003 to 2022 on the postoperative management of thyroid cancer. Using CiteSpace 6.1.R6 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010, we evaluated and visualized the search results. Using R Studio, we generated a network of spatial geographic distribution maps and cooperative network. Results A total of 1,040 publications were included in the study. The results revealed an overall upward trend in the number of publications and citations over the past 20 years. The United States of America (USA) had the largest number of publications and the highest centrality (n=282, centrality =0.28). Johns Hopkins University had highest centrality (centrality =0.15) and was the academic center of the field. Thyroid was the journal with the highest number of citations (n=826), and the American Journal of Surgical Pathology was the journal with the highest centrality (centrality =0.08). The top 10 citations in the literature were mainly guidelines and consensus statements on the management of thyroid cancer. A keyword-based clustering analysis revealed the prominence of clusters of keywords, such as follow-up, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). A keyword burst detection analysis showed that the term papillary had the highest burst intensity (strength =8.02), while management guidelines, association guidelines, active surveillance (AS), microcarcinoma, and differentiated thyroid cancer were the current burst words. Conclusions Over the past two decades, the number of relevant publications in the postoperative management of thyroid cancer field has continued to grow. Among the many research directions, follow-up, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and MTC are research hotspots. Future research is likely to revolve around guidelines and consensus statements on the management of thyroid cancer, AS, and microcarcinoma in differentiated thyroid cancer.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bb1be554360b05963bcec4c65aef13c9e951629e

Ultra-low-dose intraoperative X-ray imager for minimally invasive surgery: a pilot imaging study

Translational Lung Cancer Research

e26ac614-70cd-46ac-b2c3-2b4d5b9ca6a4

Ultra-low-dose intraoperative X-ray imager for minimally invasive surgery: a pilot imaging study Background With advances in surgical technology, thoracic surgeons have widely adopted minimally invasive limited-resection techniques to preserve normal tissues. However, it remains difficult to achieve in situ localization of invisible pulmonary nodules during surgery. Therefore, we proposed an in situ ultra-low-dose X-ray imaging device for intraoperative pulmonary nodule localization during minimally invasive surgeries. Methods The proposed device features a hand-held type and consists of a carbon nanotube-based X-ray source and an intraoral dental sensor. In a preclinical study, we created pseudo pulmonary nodules using ex vivo pig lungs. Subsequently, its clinical feasibility was evaluated using ex vivo lung cancer specimens from patients with cancer who had undergone minimally invasive surgery. Results Using the proposed device, we successfully differentiated normal and abnormal tissues from X-ray images of resected lung specimens. In addition, our proposed device only yielded an average radiation dose of 90.9 nGy for a single acquisition of X-ray images and demonstrated excellent temperature stability under consecutive X-ray irradiations. The radiation exposure of our proposed device (0.1±0.0006 µSv/h) was significantly lower than that of conventional C-arm fluoroscopy (41.5±51.8 µSv/h). In both preclinical and clinical studies, the margin of nodule shadows was clearly visualized using the proposed device. Conclusions The proposed device substantially reduced radiation exposure to staff and patients and may allow in situ localization of pulmonary nodules. Our proposed device clearly revealed the margins of lung nodules with radiocontrast injection and showed the potential to identify solid nodules without the use of radiocontrast agents.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3bc8aec2f3e5d24b40243487accc5d6f22b53e1b

Red light induces salicylic acid accumulation by activating CaHY5 to enhance pepper resistance against Phytophthora capsici

Horticulture Research

c54bb9b1-fb21-432d-a957-edcc5c96f1a7

Red light induces salicylic acid accumulation by activating CaHY5 to enhance pepper resistance against Phytophthora capsici Abstract Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is frequently challenged by various pathogens, among which Phytophthora capsici is the most devastating to pepper production. Red light signal acts as a positive induction of plant resistance against multiple pathogens. However, little is known about how the red light signal affects pepper resistance to P. capsici infection (PCI). Here, we report that red light regulates salicylic acid (SA) accumulation by activating elongated hypocotyl5 (CaHY5), a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, thereby decreasing pepper susceptibility to PCI. Exogenous SA treatment reduced pepper susceptibility to PCI, while silencing of CaPHYB (a red light photoreceptor) increased its susceptibility. PCI significantly induced CaHY5 expression, and silencing of CaHY5 reduced SA accumulation, accompanied by decreases in the expression levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 3 (CaPAL3), CaPAL7, pathogenesis-related 1 (CaPR1), and CaPR1L, which finally resulted in higher susceptibility of pepper to PCI. Moreover, CaHY5 was found to activate the expression of CaPAL3 and CaPAL7, which are essential for SA biosynthesis, by directly binding to their promoters. Further analysis revealed that exogenous SA treatment could restore the resistance of CaHY5silenced pepper plants to PCI. Collectively, this study reveals a critical mechanism through which red light induces SA accumulation by regulating CaHY5mediated CaPAL3 and CaPAL7 expression, leading to enhanced resistance to PCI. Moreover, red light-induced CaHY5 regulates pepper resistance to PCI, which may have implications for PCI control in protected vegetable production.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c5044021934d440a0ca9bc450ac1a7c356098973

Correction: Mabunda et al. Development, Objectives and Operation of Return-of-Service Bursary Schemes as an Investment to Build Health Workforce Capacity in South Africa: A Multi-Methods Study. Healthcare 2023, 11, 2821

Healthcare

Correction: Mabunda et al. Development, Objectives and Operation of Return-of-Service Bursary Schemes as an Investment to Build Health Workforce Capacity in South Africa: A Multi-Methods Study. Healthcare 2023, 11, 2821 In the original publication .

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e8c142d2d613b7ecb4005043e79da69091d7ced

Review of the Idaeaproximaria complex (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Sterrhinae) with descriptions of four new species

ZooKeys

e6b4b075-7764-44f6-acaf-99f80f0532fb

Review of the Idaeaproximaria complex (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Sterrhinae) with descriptions of four new species Abstract The Idaeaproximaria complex is reviewed and four new species are described from China: Idaearectangularis Cheng & Han, sp. nov. from Guangxi and Fujian provinces, Idaearectispina Cheng & Han, sp. nov. from Hunan province, Idaeasetosa Xue & Han, sp. nov. from Hainan province, and Idaealinearis Xue & Han, sp. nov. from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. Illustrations of adults and genitalia of the new species and known species are presented, and the variations in the form of the aedeagus of Idaeaproximaria are discussed.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d78f1f1b26f7d364d2c6ad81241db95d50ef7ea8

Clinical Evaluation of Commiphora Mukul, a Botanical resin, in the Management of Hemorrhoids: A randomized controlled trial

Pharmacognosy Magazine

6123cbd0-8dec-4931-99e7-43f5eae3e7b7

Clinical Evaluation of Commiphora Mukul, a Botanical resin, in the Management of Hemorrhoids: A randomized controlled trial Background: Hemorrhoids complaint is one of the most common problems in most society, especially in Asian countries. Current drug treatment protocols cannot cure the disease, and they are palliative. According to Persian traditional medicine, Commiphora Mukul (CM) resin is a medication choice. Aim: This randomized study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of crude CM resin compared to a combination of lactolose and anti-hemorrhoid (LandA) in patients with uncomplicated hemorrhoids grade 1 and 2. Materials and Methods: This trial was carried out on 99 patients with hemorrhoids, in Ghaem and Imam Reaza Hospitals of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. They randomly received CM 3 g/d for 4 weeks (as study group) or LandA (Lactolose syrup in laxative dose for 1 month and anti-hemorrhoid suppository daily for 10 days) as control group. Subjective and objectives variables including painful defecation, flatulence, constipation, gastro-esophageal reflux (GER), dyspepsia, proctorrhagia, anal protrusion, and colonoscopic grading were assessed before, immediately after, and 4 weeks after the treatment period. An intent-to-treat analysis was used. Safety was assessed with evaluation of clinical adverse effects by common toxicity criteria version 4.0. Forty-nine patients were assigned randomly to receive LandA and 50 to receive CM. After 4 weeks, flatulence, dyspepsia, GER, and colonoscopic grading scores significantly decreased in study group, whereas in control group constipation, painful defecation, and proctorrhagia showed better but not significant improvement. After 4-weak follow-up, the rate of constipation, and proctorrhagia also showed significantly improvement in study group. Constipation and proctorrhagia in control group recurred significantly in 4-week follow-up than after the treatment, whereas this recurrence in test group was not seen. Conclusion: CM was more effective than LandA in 4-week treatment of patients with uncomplicated hemorrhoids grade 1 and 2.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d874e9019df67fc3b678dcdd1d874969d0e7832d

Metropolitan Hospital Sunday Fund

The Hospital

965d752e-3d99-47a6-bf0f-de96ba26b1f3

Metropolitan Hospital Sunday Fund ance of members of the Council and representatives of the congregations was larger than usual. The formal resolution " That the report of the Council for the year 1904 be hereby received and approved " was moved by Mr. Robert Grey (treasurer of the Foundling Hospital). Sir William Broadbent in seconding said the report (which has already been published in The Hospital) was a record of a year's hard and conscientious work. There was no question which came before the Council which was not care-

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6732fd4d9a57b9891b81e1b6f05c67bc1efe7fb7

Disseminating and implementing evidence-based practice

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

6783260a-4ba4-41b9-b3e9-14795f25ee21

Disseminating and implementing evidence-based practice The inconsistent implementation of evidence-based practice has become a significant concern in the traumatic stress field. The European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) has played a major role in highlighting this issue and has contributed to a number of European initiatives to improve dissemination and implementation. Key initiatives include the introduction of the ESTSS General Certificate in Psychotrauma Psychotraumatology and the European Network for Traumatic Stress (TENTS); these are discussed in this paper.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9aa0f876ff74f30b6377450785676742b1f6ccf5

B and T cell responses to the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine are not impaired in germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice

Gut

99b00e0c-56b4-4079-91b7-0fa64b30b1ca

B and T cell responses to the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine are not impaired in germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice As reviewed by us recently, an increasing number of studies suggest that the gut microbiota is an important regulator of immune responses to vaccination. Consistent with these data, several recent clinical studies, including three published in Gut, uncover correlations between the composition of the faecal/gut microbiota and antibody responses to different COVID19 vaccines. Additionally, recent antibiotic usage has also been associated with a lower seroconversion rate following BNT162b2 vaccination. These studies suggest that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in regulating optimal immune responses to COVID19 vaccines. Despite these important studies, the causal and mechanistic links between the gut microbiota and responses to COVID19 vaccines remain to be elucidated. To investigate these links, we turned to two wellestablished models used previously to assess the relationship between the gut microbiota and responses to vaccination; antibiotictreated and germfree (GF) mice. We first assessed Spikespecific and receptorbinding domain (RBD)specific IgG responses (online supplemental material 1) in BNT162b2vaccinated antibiotics treated (ABX) mice, relative to vaccinated untreated (No ABX) SPF mice (two 3 μg doses intramuscular injection (i.m.) 2 weeks apart). Despite significant depletion of the gut microbiota at the time of primary vaccination (online supplemental figures S1A), Spike/RBDspecific IgG responses were not significantly different between ABX and No ABX mice before, or after, the secondary vaccination (figure 1AB, online supplemental figures S1B). Next, we assessed T cell cytokine responses following in vitro stimulation with an overlapping Spike peptide pool at 6 weeks postboost. While CD4 T cells demonstrated minimal cytokine secretion (online supplemental figures S1CD), CD8 T cells mounted robust Spikespecific recall responses, however, there was no significant difference in cytokine secretion between ABX and No ABX mice (figure 1CD). We next considered that complete depletion of the gut microbiota in GF mice might have a greater impact on immune responses to the BNT162b2 vaccine. We therefore assessed Spikespecific IgG responses in BNT162b2vaccinated GF mice in comparison to conventional SPF mice and GF mice that were recolonised via a faecal microbiota transplant (FMT). As we observed in ABX mice, total IgG responses to vaccination were not significantly impaired in GF mice (figure 1EF). There was also no significant difference in the number of Spikespecific IgG antibody secreting cells recovered from the spleen and bone marrow at 6 weeks postboost (figure 1GH). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the pseudovirus (WuhanHu1 and Omicron) neutralising capacity of BNT162b2induced antibodies at 2 weeks postboost (online supplemental figures S1EF). Interestingly, there may be some differences in class switching in GF relative to SPF mice, as IgG1 and IgG2c responses were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in GF mice at specific time points postvaccination (online supplemental figures S1GH). At most time points, however, there were no significant differences between GF and SPF mice. The number and proportion of germinal centre B (GCB) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in the vaccinedraining iliac lymph node (iliLN) were also not significantly different in GF, compared with SPF mice, at 2 weeks postboost (online supplemental figures S1IL). In the spleens of GF mice, however, there was a significant increase in the frequency and number of total GCB but not Tfh cells, relative to SPF mice (online supplemental figures S1MN). Spikespecific CD8 T cell responses were also assessed by intracellular cytokine staining and were not significantly Letter

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/74549e71dd6a8b1eba124946133deee7d7108dc8

Widespread Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant from Children, South Korea, 2022

Yonsei medical journal

b370fdaf-f63e-4696-94f0-52f58469ce85

Widespread Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant from Children, South Korea, 2022 The role that children play in the transmission of the omicron variant is unclear. Here we report an outbreak that started in young children attending various pediatric facilities, leading to extensive household transmission that affected 75 families with 88 confirmed case-patients in 3 weeks. Tailored social and public health measures directed towards children and pediatric facilities are warranted with the emergence of highly transmissible omicron variant to mitigate the impact of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19).

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f44195f9d2e27188659be2cd4faaa1a3f5317a18

The Suspension of Treatments in ADAPT: Concerns beyond the Cardiovascular Safety of Celecoxib or Naproxen

PLoS Clinical Trials

106f7243-5228-40bf-96c0-7e7a9b5844c9

The Suspension of Treatments in ADAPT: Concerns beyond the Cardiovascular Safety of Celecoxib or Naproxen Dr. Nissen's comments on our paper reveal a fundamental difference in his and our perspectives on the ethical conduct of clinical trials. While we agree with his central point that the ADAPT data do not permit definitive conclusions regarding the safety of naproxen or celecoxib, we doubt Dr. Nissen's conjecture that the ADAPT safety data could—or should—have been more interpretable had a different model of data review been applied to adverse events. Safety data in ADAPT, as in most trials, were not collected to test hypotheses. Instead, they were collected to protect trial subjects from harm to the extent possible, and to ensure that the investigators and the funding agency fulfilled their important obligations on this point. Stopping a trial for benefit and stopping to avoid harm are, fortunately, not symmetrical occurrences: typically one stops to avoid harm when inference is far less certain than would be required to affirm benefit. This principle—a direct reflection of the trial investigator's ethical obligations to study participants—was especially important for ADAPT, a primary prevention trial with 7–10 years of planned interventions and no anticipated short-term benefits. For the same reason, the stopping rules mentioned by Dr. Nissen are typically applied to prevent a premature conclusion of benefit, not of harm. To clarify, it was the ADAPT Steering Committee, and not the National Institutes of Health (NIH), that bore ultimate responsibility for the decision to suspend the ADAPT treatments. The suspension of celecoxib was a direct consequence of Pfizer's announcement on December 17, 2004, of termination of the APC and PreSAP trials, citing cardiovascular risks with celecoxib even though, as our paper shows, the ADAPT data suggested little cardiovascular risk with celecoxib . The decision to suspend treatment with naproxen was more difficult. As we told the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Advisory Committee , the safety data “…. would not in themselves have led to a decision to suspend either treatment… conclusion that this signal was…sufficiently compelling or definitive to warrant a recommendation to suspend the treatment.” Yet, several operational issues would have made continuation of the naproxen arm difficult. These included a necessity to obtain revised consent from participants—hence, review of new consent forms by seven Institutional Review Boards—as well as a reluctance to imply, by continuing naproxen, that it was “safe” while celecoxib was not. Both decisions were taken in consultation with the Chair of the trial's data monitoring committee and with program staff of the National Institute on Aging. But in any event, on December 23, six days later, the FDA put a Full Clinical Hold on ADAPT and other primary prevention trials that administered celecoxib. The procedures required for reinstatement of the ADAPT investigational new drug (IND) application would have taken months, and in the interim all treatments would have been suspended regardless of our earlier decision. We concur with Dr. Nissen, nonetheless, about the lamentable and somewhat misleading publicity that surrounded our decision. On December 20, 2004, the NIH Director's office reviewed the preliminary ADAPT cardiovascular safety results and forwarded them to the leadership of the FDA. The NIH Deputy Director then convened a conference call with the ADAPT Study Chair (JCSB) and Director of the Coordinating Center (CLM) to announce that a press teleconference would be held in cooperation with the FDA later that day. While that press conference was in process, the Director's office issued the press release referenced by Dr. Nissen, after which the ADAPT Study Chair was asked to answer several reporters' questions. The ensuing press coverage is well summarized by Dr. Nissen. We also lament the long delay in publication of the ADAPT cardiovascular safety results. In fact, with full acknowledgement of their limitations, we had submitted these results to no fewer than five other journals before they were accepted by PLoS Clinical Trials. Consistently, the reason for rejection was that the data were “not definitive” (as we had acknowledged) or that results ran counter to expectation. Notwithstanding the logistical difficulties cited, we were surprised to learn of the other journals' evident view that publication of the ADAPT safety results would have been justified only if the treatments had been continued until there was a clear demonstration of harm with naproxen. We remain resolute in our convictions on the following principles: 1. Ultimately, it is the investigators who are responsible for the well-being of those studied in trials. They report to Institutional Review Boards; data monitoring committees do not. 2. One does not do trials to find “significant” or “definitive” evidence of harm, especially in long-term prevention trials with healthy people. The risk–benefit balance in such trials is especially vulnerable to unforeseen situations such as arose for ADAPT on December 17, 2004. 3. Before blaming anyone for the decision to suspend treatments in ADAPT, one should consider the “mother test.” Given what is now known, would you have advised your aging mother to remain a participant receiving treatments in ADAPT? No member of the ADAPT leadership could answer this question “yes.” 4. While almost all will agree that some data—especially those from a randomized experiment unlikely to be repeated—are better than none, most journal editors and reviewers seem paradoxically to prefer “significant” or “definitive” untoward results. We think this is unfortunate. We agree that these data should have been published long ago. We are grateful to the editors of PLoS Clinical Trials for taking us at our word and publishing them.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4afb09dc54b54009c6207265f02aa069a4f147bb

Drug utilisation and off-label use of medications in anaesthesia in surgical wards of a teaching hospital

Indian Journal of Anaesthesia

38d0873f-b21e-4365-b630-42c46122e640

Drug utilisation and off-label use of medications in anaesthesia in surgical wards of a teaching hospital Background and Aims: When a drug is used in a way that is different from that described in regulatory body approved drug label, it is said to be ′off label use′. Perioperative phase is sensitive from the point of view of patient safety and off-label drug use in this setup can prove to be hazardous to patient. Hence, it was planned to assess the pattern of drug utilisation and off-label use of perioperative medication during anaesthesia. Methods: Preoperatively, demographic details and adverse events check list were filled from a total of 400 patients from general surgery, paediatric surgery and orthopaedics departments scheduled to undergo surgery. The perioperative assessment form was assessed to record all prescriptions followed by refilling of adverse events checklist in case record form. World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators were used for analysis of drug utilisation data. National Formulary of India 2011 was used as reference material to decide off-label drug use in majority instances along with package insert. Results: A total of 3705 drugs were prescribed to the 400 participants and average number of drugs per patient was 9.26 ± 3.33. Prescriptions by generic name were 68.07% whereas 85.3% drugs were prescribed from hospital schedule. Off-label drugs overall formed 20.19% of the drugs prescribed. At least one off-label drug was prescribed to 82.5% of patients. Inappropriate dose was the most common form of off-label use. There was 1.6 times greater risk of occurrence of adverse events associated with the use of off-label drugs. Conclusion: Prescription indicators were WHO compliant. Off-label drug use was practiced in anaesthesia department with questionable clinical justification in some instances.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/84a4cb1b1bf4dde4a96d15f8aec1900225c9f1e1

Investigating the Nature of Palladium Chain-Walking in the Enantioselective Redox-Relay Heck Reaction of Alkenyl Alcohols

Journal of Organic Chemistry

eed6c5ed-9ea5-4b19-8911-675b033a51dc

Investigating the Nature of Palladium Chain-Walking in the Enantioselective Redox-Relay Heck Reaction of Alkenyl Alcohols The mechanism of the redox-relay Heck reaction was investigated using deuterium-labeled substrates. Results support a pathway through a low energy palladium–alkyl intermediate that immediately precedes product formation, ruling out a tautomerization mechanism. DFT calculations of the relevant transition structures at the M06/LAN2DZ+f/6-31+G* level of theory show that the former pathway is favored by 5.8 kcal/mol. Palladium chain-walking toward the alcohol, following successive β-hydride eliminations and migratory insertions, is also supported in this study. The stereochemistry of deuterium labels is determined, lending support that the catalyst remains bound to the substrate during the relay process and that both cis- and trans-alkenes form from β-hydride elimination.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ff871f6e663206cd69066b3fa98594e870c3aa3d

Role of p53 gene mutation in tumor aggressiveness of intracranial meningiomas.

Journal of Korean medical science

234eed58-91c0-4682-ac5e-2a86d6d3acdc

Role of p53 gene mutation in tumor aggressiveness of intracranial meningiomas. The mutations that occur in the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been studied in various human malignant tumors. However, little is known about this gene in meningiomas. To investigate the relationship and frequency of p53 gene mutations, the p53 polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and immunohistochemical study were performed on the 41 intracranial meningiomas (21 benign, 11 atypical, and 9 malignant). The higher the p53 protein expression rate, the poorer the histologic grade (9.5%, 72.7%, and 88.9% in benign, atypical and malignant meningioma, respectively) (p=0.000). The p53 protein expression rate was higher in recurrent meningioma (71.4%) than in nonrecurrent meningioma (10.5%) (p=0.002). PCR-SSCP method was performed in positive p53 protein immunoreactivity cases. p53 gene mutation rate was higher in the atypical (62.5%) and malignant (25%) meningiomas than in the benign meningioma (0%) (p=0.232). Also, the rate was higher in recurrent menigioma (20%) than in nonrecurrent meningioma (0%) (o=0.495). Among five to eight exons of the p53 gene, the mutation was observed on exon 7 more frequently. In conclusion, p53 immunoreactivity and p53 gene mutation are closely correlated with histologic grade and histologic atypia of intracranial meningiomas. p53 gene mutation would be considered as a useful marker to detect the progression of intracranial meningiomas.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/27d91fcf1f83e59a6cfb633f420ea265c99a01f4

A Case of Needle in Foot Revealed by the X Rays

Bristol medico-chirurgical journal

A Case of Needle in Foot Revealed by the X Rays I report the following case only to show one more instance of the great value and utility of the new photography in aid of diagnosis and treatment in practical surgery. Mrs. B. consulted me on June 22nd with the following history. When retiring to bed on June 7th she felt a sharp pain in her foot, but did not know the cause until, after search,

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2a4a36e2e8d1182a1c156c93f30d891ebc40842f

SAT-360 Acute Stress Increases Local Corticosterone Levels In Lymphoid Organs Of Neonatal Mice: Analysis Using LC-MS/MS

Journal of the Endocrine Society

ccbeb193-d73e-4c27-9e78-65553fb9c08a

SAT-360 Acute Stress Increases Local Corticosterone Levels In Lymphoid Organs Of Neonatal Mice: Analysis Using LC-MS/MS Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroids produced by the adrenal glands and also by lymphoid organs such as bone marrow, thymus, and spleen (Taves et al., 2015). GCs are critical regulators of immune system development. During early development (postnatal day (PND) 2 to 12), mice show decreased adrenal GC secretion at baseline and in response to stressors, which is termed the stress hyporesponsive period (SHRP) (D’Amato et al., 1992). Lymphoid organs locally produce GCs, particularly during the SHRP, suggesting that these organs might increase local GC production in response to stress. Here, using PND1, PND5, PND9, and PND13 mice, we administered 5% isoflurane (an anesthetic) in 21% oxygen as an acute stressor, 21% oxygen as a vehicle control, or neither (baseline). For both isoflurane and oxygen treated groups, pups were removed from their home cage and placed in an induction chamber with a heating pad and nesting material from their home cage. Animals were given either given isoflurane for 3min followed by 27min oxygen or 30min continuous oxygen and rapidly euthanized. Baseline animals were given neither isoflurane nor oxygen and were rapidly euthanized in less than 3min. We then measured a panel of 7 steroids, including corticosterone, in the blood and lymphoid organs using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Note that PND1 is pre-SHRP, PND5 and PND9 are within the SHRP, and PND13 is post-SHRP. At PND1, corticosterone levels were generally high in both blood and lymphoid organs and did not differ with treatment. At PND5, corticosterone levels were generally very low, but increased with stress in a tissue-dependent fashion, showing the greatest increase in bone marrow and the least increase in blood. At PND9, baseline corticosterone levels were very low, but increased in both blood and lymphoid organs in response to a stressor. At PND13, corticosterone levels were higher in blood than in lymphoid organs for all treatments and increased with stress. Taken together, these novel data indicate that during the SHRP, an acute stressor produces little to no increase in corticosterone levels in blood but produces a 100-fold increase in bone marrow and a 20-fold increase in thymus and spleen. These data support the exciting possibility that mouse lymphoid organs can locally produce corticosterone, even when the adrenal glands produce little corticosterone. More generally, it is important to recognize that local steroid levels often do not match systemic steroid levels and that local steroid synthesis is particularly important in certain developmental and physiological contexts.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b85e5c05431d76da2c0459855aaaf6aafa4b8d19

The comparative performance of three screening questionnaires for psoriatic arthritis in a primary care surveillance study

Rheumatology

4f242814-09d1-4320-b225-b4c9b7872311

The comparative performance of three screening questionnaires for psoriatic arthritis in a primary care surveillance study Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to compare the performance of three PsA screening questionnaires in a primary care psoriasis surveillance study. Methods Participants with psoriasis, and not known to have PsA, were identified from general practice databases and invited to attend a secondary care centre for a clinical assessment. The three patient-completed screening questionnaires (PEST, CONTEST and CONTESTjt) were administered, along with other patient-reported measures, and a clinical examination of skin and joints was performed. Participants who demonstrated signs of inflammatory arthritis suggestive of PsA were referred, via their GP, for a further assessment in a secondary care rheumatology clinic. Results A total of 791 participants attended the screening visit, and 165 participants were judged to have signs and symptoms of inflammatory arthritis, of which 150 were referred for assessment. Of these, 126 were seen and 48 were diagnosed with PsA. The results for each questionnaire were as follows: PEST: sensitivity 0.625 (95% CI 0.482, 0.749), specificity 0.757 (0.724, 0.787); CONTEST: sensitivity 0.604 (0.461, 0.731), specificity 0.768 (0.736, 0.798); and CONTESTjt: sensitivity 0.542 (0.401, 0.676), specificity 0.834 (0.805, 0.859). CONTESTjt demonstrated marginally superior specificity to PEST, though the area under the ROC curve was similar for all three instruments. Conclusion Minimal differences between the three screening questionnaires were found in this study, and no preferred questionnaire is indicated by these results. The choice of which instrument to choose will depend on other factors, such as simplicity and low patient burden.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d4ea851176438247dca170d7a372049003d9e326

New Editor-in-Chief, New Challenges

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

ca71970e-a556-4907-9d7c-8665f9d4c218

New Editor-in-Chief, New Challenges DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180012 It was a great honor and privilege to be appointed to serve as the new editor-in-chief of the Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia for the 2018-2021 period. In this first editorial, I would like to thank my peers and colleagues, who have manifested sincere and total support to my indication. It is undoubtedly a great challenge to contribute to the most important scientific journal of Cardiology in South America.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c876f3e16e2f1440d2e6ef4dfdeff2cbc78b27f

Henry Hobart Keech

The American Journal of Dental Science

Henry Hobart Keech class of 1857, and immediately afterwards began the practice of dentistry in Baltimore, succeeding Dr. Henry Snowden, Through Dr. Snowden's influence, Dr. Keech, some years after he began practice, was appointed to the position of Demonstrator of Operative Dentistry in the Baltimore College, which he acceptably held for several years, when his rapidly increasing practice compelled him to resign. He received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the " Washington University," which has now ceased to exist. He was also a permanent member of St. Barnabas P. E Church, and with others was instrumental in the establishment of a mission in the eastern suburbs of the city, which is now known as the " Church of the Holy Evangelists," to which he gave much attention in the endeavor to do all in his power as a sincere and consistent

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/89c6937da2f1b650779f9e7709cc54c0f5e22f42

Xylazine-Involved Fatal and Nonfatal Drug Overdoses in Tennessee From 2019 to 2022

JAMA Network Open

b9444cdd-c1d0-45a8-9db6-f8a53936292e

Xylazine-Involved Fatal and Nonfatal Drug Overdoses in Tennessee From 2019 to 2022 This cross-sectional study examines the characteristics of overdoses and the potential association between drug seizures and fatal overdoses.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b87906f6431275d44e50895084f0d0af91698103

Stochastic Simulation of Delay-Induced Circadian Rhythms in Drosophila

EURASIP J. Bioinform. Syst. Biol.

Stochastic Simulation of Delay-Induced Circadian Rhythms in Drosophila Circadian rhythms are ubiquitous in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. Several computational models with or without time delays have been developed for circadian rhythms. Exact stochastic simulations have been carried out for several models without time delays, but no exact stochastic simulation has been done for models with delays. In this paper, we proposed a detailed and a reduced stochastic model with delays for circadian rhythms in Drosophila based on two deterministic models of Smolen et al. and employed exact stochastic simulation to simulate circadian oscillations. Our simulations showed that both models can produce sustained oscillations and that the oscillation is robust to noise in the sense that there is very little variability in oscillation period although there are significant random fluctuations in oscillation peeks. Moreover, although average time delays are essential to simulation of oscillation, random changes in time delays within certain range around fixed average time delay cause little variability in the oscillation period. Our simulation results also showed that both models are robust to parameter variations and that oscillation can be entrained by light/dark circles. Our simulations further demonstrated that within a reasonable range around the experimental result, the rates that dclock and per promoters switch back and forth between activated and repressed sites have little impact on oscillation period.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c4f1fdc5615b0c59c1ba31160653453e299aceb

Polyethylene Glycol Cross-Linked Hydrogel for Drug Absorption Properties

Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences

78f0693c-2254-425e-9816-0af30e467821

Polyethylene Glycol Cross-Linked Hydrogel for Drug Absorption Properties ABSTRACT Three-dimensional polymeric networks called hydrogels have drawn a lot of interest in a variety of biomedical applications because of their distinctive qualities, like high water content and biocompatibility. Hydrogels can be strengthened mechanically and become more stable via cross-linking. In this study, we described the synthesis and characterization of a cross-linked hydrogel made of polyethylene glycol (PEG) capable of absorbing drug. The hydrogel was created by using a polymerization procedure to cross-link PEG chains. In order to allay this worry, we added particular functional groups to the hydrogel matrix that had a strong affinity for glutaraldehyde. These functional groups made it easier for excess glutaraldehyde to be absorbed and sequestered inside the hydrogel, lowering its cytotoxic potential. After incubation with the hydrogel, the residual glutaraldehyde concentration in solution was measured in order to assess the glutaraldehyde absorption potential.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b708f5cf8230b7c183dca6524dda5ce5c54689e8

A Textbook of Roentgenology: The Roentgen Ray in Diagnosis and Treatment

The Indian medical gazette

7bc8c601-4efa-400f-972e-164343190429

A Textbook of Roentgenology: The Roentgen Ray in Diagnosis and Treatment This is one of the best books on radiology that has been published for a long time. It deals with the whole subject in a manner which, though novel in a textbook, is yet the only rational method of doing it. The method consists in first giving a concise account of the normal anatomy of the particular part, then considering the pathological states, and finally deducing from these why the radiological appearances are such

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cf16b2853051ba67bd7cf097ceadad20c8a3fad0

Intracameral migration of collagen matrix implant

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

2bbc1e45-4074-471d-b003-2c8f5a99cdb0

Intracameral migration of collagen matrix implant lens curvature, iridolenticular‐contact, decreased equatorial diameter, and lenticular myopia, all characteristic of microspherophakia. It causes pupillary block and inverse glaucoma. Axenfeld‐Rieger anomaly causes developmental Figure 1: (a) Slit‐lamp photograph of the right eye showing shallow anterior chamber and irregular pupil with iris stromal defects temporally. (b) Slit‐lamp photograph of the left eye showing shallow anterior chamber with iridocorneal contact temporally and posterior embryotoxon. (c) Ultrasound biomicroscopy picture of the right eye showing anteriorly displaced lens with increased lens thickness (4.06 mm) and decreased equatorial diameter (6.56 mm). (d) Ultrasound biomicroscopy picture of the left eye showing anteriorly displaced lens with increased lens thickness (4.09 mm) and decreased equatorial diameter (6.87 mm) d c b a glaucoma, due to angle dysgenesis. Our patient manifested with features of both propounding the heightened risk of this “dual mechanism” glaucoma.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00bd75a34d1d9cdad39efd00187666f6c898b86b

A71 POLYP TO ADENOMA CONVERSION FACTOR AS A SURROGATE FOR ADENOMA DETECTION RATE-– FINDINGS FROM THE SOUTHWEST ONTARIO COLONOSCOPY COHORT

Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology

fadfd72e-16e7-4c64-9cdd-9bd30c49239e

A71 POLYP TO ADENOMA CONVERSION FACTOR AS A SURROGATE FOR ADENOMA DETECTION RATE-– FINDINGS FROM THE SOUTHWEST ONTARIO COLONOSCOPY COHORT Abstract Background The adenoma detection rate (ADR) is one of the main quality indicators of a colonoscopy but requires combining endoscopic and histologic data. However, the polyp detection rate (PDR) requires only endoscopic assessment and has been proposed as a proxy measure for the ADR. Aims To calculate a conversion factor for PDR to ADR, for use as a future surrogate of ADR when only PDR is available. Methods The Southwest Ontario Colonoscopy cohort consists of all outpatient colonoscopies performed across 20 hospitals in Southwestern Ontario between April 2017 and February 2018. Data was collected prospectively through a mandatory quality assurance form that was completed after each procedure and pathology reports were manually reviewed. Endoscopies with associated histologic findings were included. The PDR and true ADR were calculated for each physician. A weighted polyp to adenoma detection rate quotient (APDRQ) was calculated, weighting each physician’s APDRQ by the number of procedures performed. The APDRQ was determined for all outpatient procedures and specifically for screening/surveillance indications. Results During the study period, 57 endoscopists performed 31,721 colonoscopies. The overall PDR was 41.1% and the ADR was 26.5%. The weighted ADPDRQ was 0.638 (95% CI: 0.600, 0.675). When limited to screening/surveillance colonoscopies, the weighted ADPDR was 0.616 (95% CI: 0.564, 0.669). To better understand the influence of endoscopists with low ADR: PDR, we excluded those with ratio below (<2 standard errors) the average, which resulted in greater ADR: PDR for all colonoscopies 0.695 (95% CI: 0.679, 0.711) and for screening/surveillance colonoscopies and 0.692 (95% CI: 0.677, 0.707). Conclusions In this large, population-based, cohort study, we calculated the ADR; PDR ratio. We propose this may be used in future studies to infer ADR when only PDR is available. Scatter plot of correlation between ADR and PDR, by physician. The dashed line indicates the line for which ADR=PDR, the maximum value the ADR can take for a given PDR. The marker size is proportional to the number of colonoscopies performed. Funding Agencies None

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3de7916a73f8de4d691159774040ba9eb9c0f6bf

Retracted: Quetiapine Combined with Sodium Valproate in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease with Mental and Behavioral Symptoms Efficacy Observation

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

946e893f-4e7f-47c5-8544-15aa5a2cc679

Retracted: Quetiapine Combined with Sodium Valproate in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease with Mental and Behavioral Symptoms Efficacy Observation .

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6c69df40820e0b9f6c48fe00c0f92a52ee508746

Effect of enalapril in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats; gender-related difference

Advanced Biomedical Research

556112e9-9135-4a0a-a8e2-321bc114c563

Effect of enalapril in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats; gender-related difference Background: The function of renin angiotensin system (RAS) is gender-related, and this system affects cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity. In this study, we compared the effect of enalapril as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor on CP-induced nephrotoxicity between male and female rats. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two adult male and female Wistar rats were divided into eight groups. Both genders received CP (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and enalapril (30 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days in compared with CP alone or enalapril alone or vehicle alone treated groups. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were obtained, and the kidney tissue was investigated for histopathological changes. Results: CP increased the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine as well as kidney weight and kidney tissue damage score in both genders (P < 0.05). However, not only enalapril failed to ameliorate the aforementioned parameters in both genders, but also it intensified nephrotoxicity in females (P < 0.05).In addition, enalapril enhanced body weight loss induced by CP in females (P < 0.05). CP alone decreased kidney level of nitrite in both genders (P < 0.05) and enalapril could not reverse this decreasing. The combination of enalapril and CP significantly increased serum level of nitrite in females, but this was not observed in males (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Enalapril as an ACE inhibitor failed to ameliorate nephrotoxicity induced by CP in both male and female rats. In addition, enalapril aggravated CP-induced nephrotoxicity in female possibly due to gender-dependent RAS response.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d5959a64f6c153726f63c7f83ab05e1978e82942

Purpura Fulminans Due to Acquired Protein C Deficiency

Indian Journal of Dermatology

9dfbd503-d104-4952-88dc-462e8ce2e5c2

Purpura Fulminans Due to Acquired Protein C Deficiency Purpura fulminans (PF) may be the presenting symptom in a patient with protein C (PC) deficiency. It is a hematological emergency and presents with extensive areas of hemorrhagic necrosis of the skin. PC deficiency is usually genetically inherited. However, we report a 1 year and 4 months boy, who presented with acquired PC deficiency possibly of postinfectious etiology and developed PF.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/76201bafce636dfebc85aeeb1830d57cf7ee77df

Incidence of syphilis in Greenland 2010–2014: The beginning of a new epidemic?

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

c6237d24-0927-46b0-bb95-06df456afecf

Incidence of syphilis in Greenland 2010–2014: The beginning of a new epidemic? Objective To estimate the incidence of syphilis from 2010 to 2014 and to assess whether contact tracing has been performed. Study design Observational cross-sectional study. Method Data on reported cases were collected from the national register of the chief medical officer in Greenland. Unreported cases were found by searching the electronic medical record system for patients who had received an electronic prescription of benzathine penicillin, doxycycline or tetracycline. Medical records were reviewed to verify the diagnosis of syphilis and to evaluate if contact tracing had been performed. Results Ninety-four cases of syphilis (51 males and 43 females) with a median age of 27 years (20–40) were included. The incidence of syphilis in Greenland has increased from zero cases in 2010 to 95.7 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2014 affecting mainly young people. Contact tracing was performed in 80.9% (76/94) of the cases. Conclusion Syphilis has re-occurred in Greenland and a new epidemic may be underway. Sustained awareness of treatment, contact tracing, monitoring and preventive initiatives are desirable.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2dd8c49f2f609acda17840b33783feef6a5a0697

Health-related quality of life and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in North Carolina

North American Journal of Medicine and Science

bf9ccb21-63de-40a0-8513-84efa8b1b7b3

Health-related quality of life and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in North Carolina Background: Comparisons of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and adults in the general population are not well described. Aims: To examine associations between COPD and four measures of HRQOL in a population-based sample. Patients & Methods: These relationships were examined using data from 13,887 adults aged >18 years who participated in the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) conducted in North Carolina (NC). Logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted relative odds (aOR). Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of COPD among NC adults was 5.4% (standard error 0.27). Nearly half of adults with COPD reported fair/poor health compared with 15% of those without the condition (age-aOR, 5.5; 95% confidence interval , 4.4 to 6.8). On average, adults with COPD reported twice as many unhealthy days (physical/mental) as those without the condition. The age-adjusted prevalence of >14 unhealthy days during the prior 30 days was 45% for adults with COPD and 17% for those without. The aOR of >14 unhealthy days was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.4 to 2.2) times greater among adults with COPD compared with those without. Conclusions: These results suggest COPD is independently associated with lower levels of HRQOL and reinforce the importance of preventing COPD and its complications through health education messages stressing efforts to reduce total personal exposure to tobacco smoke, occupational dusts and chemicals, and other indoor and outdoor air pollutants linked to COPD and early disease recognition. Our findings represent one of the few statewide efforts in the US and provide guidance for disease management and policy decision making.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7b261fbb6bac44e944212d144a178cc755e7998d

Unraveling the mechanism of thermotolerance by Set302 in Cryptococcus neoformans

Microbiology spectrum

8c502236-f3b9-40c1-a98f-9929d4f709ae

Unraveling the mechanism of thermotolerance by Set302 in Cryptococcus neoformans ABSTRACT The underlying mechanism of thermotolerance, which is a key virulence factor essential for pathogenic fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans, is largely unexplored. In this study, our findings suggest that Set302, a homolog of Set3 and a subunit of histone deacetylase complex Set3C, contributes to thermotolerance in C. neoformans. Specifically, the deletion of the predicted Set3C core subunit, Set302, resulted in further reduction in the growth of C. neoformans at 39°C, and survival of transient incubation at 50°C. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that the expression levels of numerous heat stress-responsive genes altered at both 30°C and 39°C due to the lack of Set302. Notably, at 39°C, the absence of Set302 led to the downregulation of gene expression related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Based on the GFP-α-synuclein overexpression model to characterize misfolded proteins, we observed a pronounced accumulation of misfolded GFP-α-synuclein at 39°C, consequently inhibiting C. neoformans thermotolerance. Furthermore, the loss of Set302 exacerbated the accumulation of misfolded GFP-α-synuclein during heat stress. Interestingly, the set302∆ strain exhibited a similar phenotype under proteasome stress as it did at 39°C. Moreover, the absence of Set302 led to reduced production of capsule and melanin. set302∆ strain also displayed significantly reduced pathogenicity and colonization ability compared to the wild-type strain in the murine infection model. Collectively, our findings suggest that Set302 modulates thermotolerance by affecting the degradation of misfolded proteins and multiple virulence factors to mediate the pathogenicity of C. neoformans. IMPORTANCE Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus that poses a potential and significant threat to public health. Thermotolerance plays a crucial role in the wide distribution in natural environments and host colonization of this fungus. Herein, Set302, a critical core subunit for the integrity of histone deacetylase complex Set3C and widely distributed in various fungi and mammals, governs thermotolerance and affects survival at extreme temperatures as well as the formation of capsule and melanin in C. neoformans. Additionally, Set302 participates in regulating the expression of multiple genes associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). By eliminating misfolded proteins under heat stress, Set302 significantly contributes to the thermotolerance of C. neoformans. Moreover, Set302 regulates the pathogenicity and colonization ability of C. neoformans in a murine model. Overall, this study provides new insight into the mechanism of thermotolerance in C. neoformans. Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus that poses a potential and significant threat to public health. Thermotolerance plays a crucial role in the wide distribution in natural environments and host colonization of this fungus. Herein, Set302, a critical core subunit for the integrity of histone deacetylase complex Set3C and widely distributed in various fungi and mammals, governs thermotolerance and affects survival at extreme temperatures as well as the formation of capsule and melanin in C. neoformans. Additionally, Set302 participates in regulating the expression of multiple genes associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). By eliminating misfolded proteins under heat stress, Set302 significantly contributes to the thermotolerance of C. neoformans. Moreover, Set302 regulates the pathogenicity and colonization ability of C. neoformans in a murine model. Overall, this study provides new insight into the mechanism of thermotolerance in C. neoformans.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/119ef9d8a80a577829fd341d4324eeeb29541831

Automatic Detection of the Optic Disc of the Retina: A Fast Method

Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors

0295c2a5-dbd7-433c-8310-a1642b68a7b8

Automatic Detection of the Optic Disc of the Retina: A Fast Method Localizing the optic disc (OD) in retinal fundus images is of critical importance and many techniques have been developed for OD detection. In this paper, we present the results obtained from two fast methods, correlation and least square, to approximate the location of optic cup. These methods are simple and are not complex, while most of the OD detection algorithms are. The methods were tested on two groups of data (a total of 100 color fundus images) and were 98% successful in the detection of the optic cup. An algorithm using the vessel mask of fundus images is proposed to be run after correlation to ensure that the localization of OD in all images is successful. It was tested on 40 of the test images and had a 100% rate of success.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/40f3d76be9f330bb5e45f98243640d0ee8936217

Theta-burst stimulation over primary somatosensory cortex modulates tactile acuity of tongue

bioRxiv

027ffd21-ebb0-4af8-baf5-911124292fd0

Theta-burst stimulation over primary somatosensory cortex modulates tactile acuity of tongue Background Emerging studies in humans have established the modulatory effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over primary somatosensory cortex (S1) on somatosensory cortex activity and perception. However, to date, research in this area has primarily focused on the hand and fingers, leaving a gap in our understanding of the modulatory effects of rTMS on somatosensory perception of the orofacial system and speech articulators. Objective The present study aimed to examine the effects of different types of theta-burst stimulation—continuous TBS (cTBS), intermittent TBS (iTBS), or sham—over the tongue representation of left S1 on tactile acuity of the tongue. Methods In a repeated-measures design, fifteen volunteers participated in four separate sessions, where cTBS, iTBS, sham, or no stimulation was applied over the tongue representation of left S1. Effects of TBS were measured on both temporal and spatial perceptual acuity of tongue using a custom vibrotactile stimulator. Results CTBS significantly impaired spatial amplitude threshold at the time window of 16-30 minutes after stimulation, while iTBS improved it at the same time window. The effect of iTBS, however, was smaller than cTBS. In contrast, neither cTBS nor iTBS had any effect on the temporal discrimination threshold. Conclusions The current study establishes the validity of using TBS to modulate somatosensory perception of the orofacial system. Directly modifying somatosensation in the orofacial system has the potential to benefit clinical populations with abnormal tactile acuity, improve our understanding of the role of sensory systems in speech production, and enhance speech motor learning and rehabilitation. Highlights Theta-burst stimulation (TBS) can modulate somatosensation in the orofacial system cTBS over S1 impaired spatial acuity of tongue iTBS over S1 improved spatial acuity of tongue

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36acbbf0de977c1ed488c62c3d27ca37f9af7767

Report of Two Cases of Recurrent Scalp Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans and Literature Review

Indian Journal of Dermatology

9dfbd503-d104-4952-88dc-462e8ce2e5c2

Report of Two Cases of Recurrent Scalp Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans and Literature Review Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) are rare malignant skin tumor, and scalp DFSP is even lesser than 5% of all DFSP, therefore, being seldom reported. We recently treated two cases of recurrent scalp DFSPs. One was a 38-year-old male, who accept lumpectomy for the first time; however, it recurred 9 months later. We then performed a wide excision resulting in no recurrence in the subsequent 4 years. Another patient was a 26-year-old female, who accept an in situ tumorectomy for the first time, and 2 years later; the recurrent mass became 9 × 9 cm in size. We gave her another operation, but only 3 months later local recurrence appeared. For the both cases, we collected their case histories, intraoperative findings, pathologic detections, and follow-up results, all of which may help the dermatologists to extend knowledge about this rare disease. Moreover, an exhaustive review of the literature is included with emphasis on diagnosis, different diagnosis and treatments.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/25886cbc176f8a68fae936395035598f0a7e1f06

252. Relative Use of Carbapenems in Immunocompromised Patients

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

f20432ac-3c14-4779-bc66-2f24e1b2715e

252. Relative Use of Carbapenems in Immunocompromised Patients Abstract Background Gram-negative bacterial infections are associated with high mortality in immunocompromised hosts, and the presence of drug resistance further increases mortality. Antibiotic consumption is a key outcome measure for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs. Proper utilization of antibiotics can help limit the development of antimicrobial resistance. Resistance in Gram-negative organisms such as Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Acinetobacter is a major issue given the paucity of new drugs in the antibiotic pipeline for these organisms. A novel relative carbapenem consumption metric (the Proportion of Carbapenem Consumption, or PoCC) was recently described in US academic medical centers. The PoCC is calculated as follows: PoCC = . The regional mean PoCC for the South Atlantic region has previously been approximated at 17%. Methods We examined the PoCC for the Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) and dedicated Hematology/Oncology (H/O) inpatient wards at an academic medical center from August 2012 to June 2017. Results Table 1: Average Use of Antibiotics Expressed in DOT/1,000 PDs. Ward Piperacillin– Tazobactam Cefepime Meropenem Total PoCC Hematology/oncology 105.1 134.4 76.6 316.1 0.24 Bone marrow transplant 34.3 201.0 127.4 362.7 0.35 National meansa 76.2 60.2 30.7 b 0.18 aAs described by Markley et al. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:229–232. bData unavailable. Conclusion This is the first description of the PoCC metric for dedicated Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant wards. When compared with national and regional mean PoCC scores for academic medical centers, the PoCC for these units was higher. More research is needed to determine the optimal PoCC scores for these types of units. The PoCC can contextualize relative carbapenem use and may be a useful antibiotic consumption metric. However, it does not provide data on absolute consumption. Further studies are needed to determine the best use of the PoCC metric by Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs for Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant wards. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d93feb9454e32e9ca922659283893715df8b1ce7

Sarcomatoid Carcinoma: A Clinicopathological Profile of Two Cases with Diagnostic Emphasis

Contemporary Clinical Dentistry

80800125-9008-48bc-ad64-7f8c70b13f9d

Sarcomatoid Carcinoma: A Clinicopathological Profile of Two Cases with Diagnostic Emphasis Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) is an unusual and aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma, which frequently recurs and metastasizes, and is associated with poor survival rate. For this reason, its accurate diagnosis is very important. It is considered to be a biphasic tumor made up of epithelial as well as spindle cell component, but of epithelial origin. The diagnosis often represents a clinicopathologic challenge, and immunohistochemistry plays a key role in the histopathological diagnosis. The reported cases in oral cavity are limited. Here, we present two cases of SC where the use of immunohistochemistry allowed us to achieve a conclusive diagnosis.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a5968caf62eefbb45717dd8c29f8ffddfec95eb1

Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Residence Distance on Infant Heart Disease Outcomes in Canada

Journal of the American Heart Association : Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease

9d0f468d-117a-4e63-beae-93f161248b94

Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Residence Distance on Infant Heart Disease Outcomes in Canada Background Socioeconomic status (SES) impacts clinical outcomes associated with severe congenital heart disease (sCHD). We examined the impact of SES and remoteness of residence (RoR) on congenital heart disease (CHD) outcomes in Canada, a jurisdiction with universal health insurance. Methods and Results All infants born in Canada (excluding Quebec) from 2008 to 2018 and hospitalized with CHD requiring intervention in the first year were identified. Neighborhood level SES income quintiles were calculated, and RoR was categorized as residing 300 km from the closest of 7 cardiac surgical programs. In‐hospital mortality at 300 km, respectively. Although SES and RoR had no impact on sCHD mortality, infants with mCHD living >300 km had a higher risk of mortality relative to those living <100 km (adjusted odds ratio , 1.43 ). Infants with mCHD within the lowest SES quintile and living farthest away had the highest risk for mortality (aOR, 1.74 ). Conclusions In Canada, neither RoR nor SES had an impact on outcomes of infants with sCHD. Greater RoR, however, may contribute to higher risk of mortality among infants with mCHD.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fb7e9f83f7f10971ca0c6f1c91321ff4f6b02c28

Assessment of Various Reciprocating System in the Extrusion of Debris from Curved Root Canals: An Original Study

Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences

78f0693c-2254-425e-9816-0af30e467821

Assessment of Various Reciprocating System in the Extrusion of Debris from Curved Root Canals: An Original Study Introduction: The endodontic preparation depends largely on the file systems that are used in the canal preparations. The amount of the intracanal debris that is extruded from the apex may be influenced by the file systems. Hence, the present in vitro study evaluated the amount the debris that is extruded for the two file systems at different working lengths. Methods: Forty human mesiobuccal canals of the first molars were collected that were extracted for various causes. They were equally divided to four groups of Reciproc (full length), Reciproc (short by 1 mm), WaveOne Gold (full length), and WaveOne Gold (short by 1 mm). Routine crown-down technique was followed for the canal preparation with the intermittent irrigation. The extruded debris was weighed and compared for the significance. Results: The amount of the debris that was extruded weighed similarly in all the four groups with no significant variations. The Reciproc extruded lesser material than the WaveOne Gold. Conclusions: The file systems seem not to affect the debris extrusion irrespective of the files' physical properties. Further studies in a clinical setup are warranted.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0e358cdcaddab72fb39fb1c176ce4a96f78aae1b

Two Cases of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation of the Common Peroneal Nerve Successfully Treating Refractory, Multifactorial Leg Edema

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports

3ab40999-f2ad-43f8-90ed-d7cd9bcd8c65

Two Cases of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation of the Common Peroneal Nerve Successfully Treating Refractory, Multifactorial Leg Edema The treatment of leg edema often involves promoting venous blood flow but can be difficult in patients with comorbidities that prevent traditional management strategies such as limb elevation or mechanical compression devices. The geko device is a self-contained neuromuscular stimulation device that adheres to skin over the common peroneal nerve and delivers a low-voltage stimulus that activates the lower-leg musculature resulting in enhanced superficial femoral vein blood flow and velocity. Here we report 2 cases of multifactorial and refractory leg edema successfully treated with the geko device over a period of 4 to 16 weeks. The device also improved pain and chronic wound healing. Although the geko device is costly, it was well tolerated and may provide another treatment strategy for resistant leg swelling.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c341e6a0491d94c204109fd3f16003dd60be8fd

LESLIE THOMAS MORTON 1907–2004

Medicina e historia

01e1b869-8faa-4deb-8cd9-48453c0c239e

LESLIE THOMAS MORTON 1907–2004 Leslie Morton, who died on 17 February at the age of ninety-six, had a distinguished career as a medical librarian, but was known to the world of medical history and bibliography as compiler of the indispensable reference work ‘Garrison-Morton’. He started in the Medical Sciences Library at UCL in 1923, attending the UCL library school part-time, moved to the Royal Society of Medicine in 1933, and in 1935 became Librarian of St Thomas's Hospital Medical School. Following posts with the British Council Medical Department (1944–46) and British Medical Journal (1947–59) he was Librarian of the National Institute of Medical Research at Mill Hill until 1972. After retirement he was libraries adviser to the British Postgraduate Medical Federation. His work was honoured by the (British) Library Association's Medical Section, which he helped to found, and by the (American) Medical Library Association. Several of his friends spent time as juniors at the Wellcome Library. Leslie turned down a post there in 1930, but was one of the Library's first users when his friend William Bishop, later founding-editor of this journal, became Librarian in 1946. Leslie produced numerous books and articles on medical librarianship, bibliography and history. His first book, How to use a medical library, appeared a lifetime ago, in 1934. Among his historical publications were A bibliography of medical and biomedical bibliography (1989, 1992) and A chronology of medicine and related sciences (1997) (both with Robert Moore); visits to the Wellcome Library to keep them up to date continued to the end of his life. His magnum opus, however, was ‘Garrison-Morton’. In 1938 he conceived the idea of a bibliography of the significant texts in the history of medicine, and took as his base the ‘Revised students' checklist’ compiled by Fielding Garrison (1870–1935). When St Thomas's Library was evacuated to Guildford, Leslie took his shoeboxes of slips with him to work on in the evenings, when there was little else to do, and on Saturday visits to London. The book appeared in 1943, entitled A medical bibliography: a check-list of texts illustrating the history of the medical sciences, with Garrison's name generously placed first on the title page, and became the indispensable tool of librarians, students, historians, historically-minded doctors, book collectors and dealers. Garrison-Morton numbers came to be cited as a canon, although some dealers mysteriously seem to regard “not in Garrison-Morton” as a selling point! Leslie produced, single-handed, three much enlarged editions up to 1983. The 5th edition (1989), edited by Jeremy Norman, at last gave him full credit with the title Morton's medical bibliography. He was aware that his arrangement and selection were not perfect, but felt that his generalist's perspective was preferable to the more subjective viewpoint of specialists in particular subjects. He had a happy family life in Pinner with his wife Bertha, children and grandchildren, and was a keen traveller. He and Bertha celebrated their diamond wedding in 1993, four years before her death. When her health began to fail, he mastered domestic skills, remaining self-sufficient to the end. He was the kindest and most unassuming of men, always with a twinkle in his eye, and never lost sight of the principle that libraries, librarians and bibliographies exist to serve their users. His energy seemed inexhaustible and he was a friend to generations of younger colleagues. Our sympathy goes to his family.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/87dbd2cb4b34c3113c8d5230f8ebd421d4771f4f

Cues Disseminated by Professional Associations That Represent 5 Health Care Professions Across 5 Nations: Lexical Analysis of Tweets

Journal of Medical Internet Research

2baad992-2268-4c38-9120-e453622f2eeb

Cues Disseminated by Professional Associations That Represent 5 Health Care Professions Across 5 Nations: Lexical Analysis of Tweets Background Collaboration across health care professions is critical in efficiently and effectively managing complex and chronic health conditions, yet interprofessional care does not happen automatically. Professional associations have a key role in setting a profession’s agenda, maintaining professional identity, and establishing priorities. The associations’ external communication is commonly undertaken through social media platforms, such as Twitter. Despite the valuable insights potentially available into professional associations through such communication, to date, their messaging has not been examined. Objective This study aimed to identify the cues disseminated by professional associations that represent 5 health care professions spanning 5 nations. Methods Using a back-iterative application programming interface methodology, public tweets were sourced from professional associations that represent 5 health care professions that have key roles in community-based health care: general practice, nursing, pharmacy, physiotherapy, and social work. Furthermore, the professional associations spanned Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. A lexical analysis was conducted of the tweets using Leximancer (Leximancer Pty Ltd) to clarify relationships within the discourse. Results After completing a lexical analysis of 50,638 tweets, 7 key findings were identified. First, the discourse was largely devoid of references to interprofessional care. Second, there was no explicit discourse pertaining to physiotherapists. Third, although all the professions represented in this study support patients, discourse pertaining to general practitioners was most likely to be connected with that pertaining to patients. Fourth, tweets pertaining to pharmacists were most likely to be connected with discourse pertaining to latest and research. Fifth, tweets about social workers were unlikely to be connected with discourse pertaining to health or care. Sixth, notwithstanding a few exceptions, the findings across the different nations were generally similar, suggesting their generality. Seventh and last, tweets pertaining to physiotherapists were most likely to refer to discourse pertaining to profession. Conclusions The findings indicate that health care professional associations do not use Twitter to disseminate cues that reinforce the importance of interprofessional care. Instead, they largely use this platform to emphasize what they individually deem to be important and advance the interests of their respective professions. Therefore, there is considerable opportunity for professional associations to assert how the profession they represent complements other health care professions and how the professionals they represent can enact interprofessional care for the benefit of patients and carers.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f3401e0def0e8e201e51c361a30b5414a5f6201d

Update on Banned Substances 2013

Sports health

Update on Banned Substances 2013 Context: Doping has been pervasive throughout the history of athletic competitions and has only recently been regulated by organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), US Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). These regulatory bodies were created to preserve fair play and maintain the safety of the participants. Their updated 2013 lists of banned substances and practices include a variety of drugs and practices that could cause harm to an athlete or give one an unfair competitive advantage. Evidence Acquisition: Published websites for the WADA, USADA, and NCAA were investigated. These governing bodies update and publish their lists annually. Results: The WADA, USADA, and NCAA monitor anabolic steroids, hormones, growth factors, β-agonists, hormone and metabolic modulators, masking agents, street drugs, manipulation of blood and blood components, chemical and physical manipulation, gene doping, stimulants, narcotics, glucocorticosteroids, and β-blockers. Some substances may be used by athletes but require formal exemption. The WADA has also recently created a category of nonapproved substances that have yet to be identified to curb athletes from experimenting with new doping agents. Conclusion: The lists of banned substances and practices per the WADA, USADA, and NCAA are in place to ensure the integrity of sports and maintain safe competition. Health care providers who work with athletes under the jurisdiction of these organizations should review updated lists of banned substances when prescribing medications.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/16a7c31fa8bb91dcc7a7152ab032ad6ddfdd06e2

Toxic renal injury at a glance

Journal of Renal Injury Prevention

73061b6a-ca44-4ef2-b60b-2b1de00a5e03

Toxic renal injury at a glance Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:Kidneys are particularly susceptible to toxic injury because they receive 20-25% of cardiac output yet make up less than 1% of total body mass.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23001a10d6de5eee7d41e690dfa6142dd62102d9

Mulberry Leaf Polysaccharides Attenuate Oxidative Stress Injury in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Antioxidants

edd6a106-cced-43a8-a758-c040f704be62

Mulberry Leaf Polysaccharides Attenuate Oxidative Stress Injury in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress The present study assessed the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLPs) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress injury in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of Megalobrama amblycephala. Five treatment groups were established in vitro: the NC group (PBLs incubated in an RPMI-1640 complete medium for 4 h), the HP group (PBLs incubated in an RPMI-1640 complete medium for 3 h, and then stimulated with 100 μM of H2O2 for 1 h), and the 50/100/200-MLP pre-treatment groups (PBLs were pre-treated with MLPs (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) for 3 h, and then stimulated with 100 μM of H2O2 for 1 h). The results showed that MLP pre-treatment dose-dependently enhanced PBLs’ antioxidant capacities. The 200 μg/mL MLP pre-treatment effectively protected the antioxidant system of PBLs from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by reducing the malondialdehyde content and lactic dehydrogenase cytotoxicity, and increasing catalase and superoxide dismutase activities (p 0.05). These results indicated that MLP pre-treatment attenuated H2O2-induced PBL oxidative damage in the M. amblycephala by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and maintaining mitochondrial function. These findings also support the possibility that MLPs can be exploited as a natural dietary supplement for M. amblycephala, as they protect against oxidative damage.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0848695b01dc9f6f9ba9196c8bf526b96f82f921

Single-incision Laparoscopic Colonic Surgery: A Systemic Review, Meta-analysis, and Future Prospect

Journal of the Anus Rectum and Colon

2c606766-2288-4815-be15-f045226348bf

Single-incision Laparoscopic Colonic Surgery: A Systemic Review, Meta-analysis, and Future Prospect Although single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has gained some attention as a feasible alternative to conventional multiport laparoscopic surgery (MPLS) in colonic surgery, it became less prevalent than expected. Hence, we conducted this systematic review to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and oncological outcomes of single-incision laparoscopic colectomy (SILC) with meta-analysis and discussion of the future prospect of SILS. The search was conducted from September to October 2023 using PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Articles on colorectal cancer comparing SILC with multiport laparoscopic colectomy (MPLC) from all randomized controlled trials and comparative studies with 50 patients or more per arm were examined. The primary outcomes were the intra- and postoperative complication rates, and the secondary outcomes were the perioperative and oncological outcomes. The trends of the SILS number in Japan and the trends of the number of articles on SILS in PubMed were also reviewed. There were no significant differences in perioperative complication rates, operative factors, and oncological outcomes between SILC and MPLC, although heterogeneity was observed mainly in operative factors and the total length of the skin incision was significantly shorter in SILC. Therefore, SILC is technically and oncologically feasible and safe when performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. The case number of SILS was gradually increasing but the rate of SILS was decreasing in Japan. The number of articles on SILS was also decreasing. SILS has gained foothold to some extent but has plateaued. The emerging new robotic platform may reappraise the concept of SILS.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/83608aeeff022ed22a6daa9ca635f7b9b1a431d2

A multi-ethnic proteomic profiling analysis in Alzheimer’s disease identifies the disparities in dysregulation of proteins and pathogenesis

PeerJ

558a3215-8ffd-4b31-be7f-f653ca3b600d

A multi-ethnic proteomic profiling analysis in Alzheimer’s disease identifies the disparities in dysregulation of proteins and pathogenesis Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia that affects the elderly population. Lately, blood-based proteomics have been intensively sought in the discovery of AD biomarkers studies due to the capability to link external environmental factors with the development of AD. Demographic differences have been shown to affect the expression of the proteins in different populations which play a vital role in the degeneration of cognitive function. Method In this study, a proteomic study focused on Malaysian Chinese and Malay prospects was conducted. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in AD patients and normal controls for Chinese and Malays were identified. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to further interpret the biological functions and pathways of the DEPs. In addition, a survey investigating behavioural practices among Chinese and Malay participants was conducted to support the results from the proteomic analysis. Result The variation of dysregulated proteins identified in Chinese and Malay samples suggested the disparities of pathways involved in this pathological condition for each respective ethnicity. Functional enrichment analysis supported this assumption in understanding the protein-protein interactions of the identified protein signatures and indicate that differentially expressed proteins identified from the Chinese group were significantly enriched with the functional terms related to Aβ/tau protein-related processes, oxidative stress and inflammation whereas neuroinflammation was associated with the Malay group. Besides that, a significant difference in sweet drinks/food intake habits between these two groups implies a relationship between sugar levels and the dysregulation of protein APOA4 in the Malay group. Additional meta-analysis further supported the dysregulation of proteins TF, AHSG, A1BG, APOA4 and C4A among AD groups. Conclusion These findings serve as a preliminary understanding in the molecular and demographic studies of AD in a multi-ethnic population.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d43e080c0f3ef3cd77b80f69c76b8559738bf1fc

Gait Change Is Associated with Cognitive Outcome after an Acute Ischemic Stroke

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

31b2ea45-decb-4c4d-8e3e-683974781c91

Gait Change Is Associated with Cognitive Outcome after an Acute Ischemic Stroke Background: Cognition and gait have often been studied separately after stroke whereas it has been suggested that these two domains could interact through a cognitive-motor interference. Objective: To evaluate the influence of gait changes on cognitive outcome after an ischemic stroke (IS). Methods: We conducted a prospective and monocentric study including patients admitted for an acute supratentorial IS with a National Institute of Health Stroke Score ≤ 15. Cognition, gait and motor disability were evaluated at baseline, 3 months and 1 year post-stroke, using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the 10-m walking test (10-MWT) and the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMMA). The effect of changes in 10-MWT over the year of follow-up on MoCA changes was estimated using a generalized linear mixed model with FMMA, age and gender as covariates. Results: Two hundred and Twelve patients were included (71% male, age 64 ± 13 years old). 10-MWT improved from baseline to 1 year (p < 0.001), as did MoCA (p < 0.001) and FMMA (p < 0.001) scores. Ninety-nine patients (47%) had a MoCA <26 at 1 year. Changes in 10-MWT were independently associated with changes in MoCA (β = −0.2, 95% CI −0.24 to −0.07, Bonferroni-corrected p-value = 0.002). Analyses of MoCA sub-scores suggested that changes in gait performance was associated with changes in executive functions and recall. Conclusion: Gait performance is associated with cognitive outcome after a mild to moderate IS, suggesting that they should be managed together to improve post-stroke independence.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/96e7cf680131146b2e21bbf9bad8b6475fc706e0

Genetic Characterization of Influenza A Viruses in Japanese Swine in 2015 to 2019

Journal of Virology

dd4e1ddc-2cf4-4384-9544-cc9a88639c1e

Genetic Characterization of Influenza A Viruses in Japanese Swine in 2015 to 2019 Understanding the current status of influenza A viruses of swine (IAVs-S) and their evolution at the farm level is important for controlling these pathogens. Efforts to monitor IAVs-S during 2015 to 2019 yielded H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 viruses. H1 genes in Japanese swine formed a unique clade in the classical swine H1 lineage of 1A.1, and H3 genes originating from 1999–2000 human seasonal influenza viruses appear to have become established among Japanese swine. A(H1N1)pdm09-derived H1 genes became introduced repeatedly and reassorted with endemic IAVs-S, resulting in various combinations of surface and internal genes among pig populations in Japan. At the farm level, multiple introductions of IAVs-S with phylogenetically distinct HA sequences occurred, or IAVs-S derived from a single introduction have persisted for at least 3 years with only a single mutation at the antigenic site of the HA protein. Continued monitoring of IAVs-S is necessary to update and maximize control strategies. ABSTRACT To assess the current status of influenza A viruses of swine (IAVs-S) throughout Japan and to investigate how these viruses persisted and evolve on pig farms, we genetically characterized IAVs-S isolated during 2015 to 2019. Nasal swab samples collected through active surveillance and lung tissue samples collected for diagnosis yielded 424 IAVs-S, comprising 78 H1N1, 331 H1N2, and 15 H3N2 viruses, from farms in 21 sampled prefectures in Japan. Phylogenetic analyses of surface genes revealed that the 1A.1 classical swine H1 lineage has evolved uniquely since the late 1970s among pig populations in Japan. During 2015 to 2019, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses repeatedly became introduced into farms and reassorted with endemic H1N2 and H3N2 IAVs-S. H3N2 IAVs-S isolated during 2015 to 2019 formed a clade that originated from 1999–2000 human seasonal influenza viruses; this situation differs from previous reports, in which H3N2 IAVs-S derived from human seasonal influenza viruses were transmitted sporadically from humans to swine but then disappeared without becoming established within the pig population. At farms where IAVs-S were frequently isolated for at least 3 years, multiple introductions of IAVs-S with phylogenetically distinct hemagglutinin (HA) genes occurred. In addition, at one farm, IAVs-S derived from a single introduction persisted for at least 3 years and carried no mutations at the deduced antigenic sites of the hemagglutinin protein, except for one at the antigenic site (Sa). Our results extend our understanding regarding the status of IAVs-S currently circulating in Japan and how they genetically evolve at the farm level. IMPORTANCE Understanding the current status of influenza A viruses of swine (IAVs-S) and their evolution at the farm level is important for controlling these pathogens. Efforts to monitor IAVs-S during 2015 to 2019 yielded H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 viruses. H1 genes in Japanese swine formed a unique clade in the classical swine H1 lineage of 1A.1, and H3 genes originating from 1999–2000 human seasonal influenza viruses appear to have become established among Japanese swine. A(H1N1)pdm09-derived H1 genes became introduced repeatedly and reassorted with endemic IAVs-S, resulting in various combinations of surface and internal genes among pig populations in Japan. At the farm level, multiple introductions of IAVs-S with phylogenetically distinct HA sequences occurred, or IAVs-S derived from a single introduction have persisted for at least 3 years with only a single mutation at the antigenic site of the HA protein. Continued monitoring of IAVs-S is necessary to update and maximize control strategies.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d5bd097ad70a0bae3d2ac1aa07feb030caa06c1f

English Correspondence

The Indian medical gazette

7bc8c601-4efa-400f-972e-164343190429

English Correspondence to the condition of the hospitals of London Unions. The terrible revelations which were then brought under public notice by Mr. Ernest Hart led to the formation of the " Association for the Improvement of Work-house Infirmaries," whoso labors have produced the Legislative Act of last session. It was but natural to suppose that the state of things in Provincial Unions would, if enquired into, be found to be quite as objectionable as that in the London work-houses. Acting on this supposition, the Lancet nnd the British Medical Journal have been instituting euquiries into the country work-houses, and the result has been the discovery of a system of management which, in all its horrible details, presents as loathsome a picturo as that which was last year set before our eyes. An ollicial enquiry is now taking place at the Farnham Work-house, and the evidence fully bears out the statements made in tho

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/78ddf04a4a73deda3bbc60ee71c6f4e51ee97508

Semiautomated disinfection of ophthalmic contact lenses

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

2bbc1e45-4074-471d-b003-2c8f5a99cdb0

Semiautomated disinfection of ophthalmic contact lenses The ophthalmic lenses that come in contact with the eyes pose a high risk for the transmission of bacterial and viral infections in eye clinics. Disinfecting these lenses does not happen stringently in a busy practice. We describe a novel method of disinfecting ophthalmic contact lenses using a semiautomated lens disinfector equipment, semiautomated lens disinfector. The equipment has motors to pump in and pump out water and disinfecting solution into a reservoir bath. The used ophthalmic lenses will be placed in a tray that partially dips into the bath for disinfection. Microbiology tests that were done to check the quality of the disinfection cycle showed good outcomes. Disinfection of ophthalmic contact lenses with the new equipment appeared to effectively eliminate contaminant microorganisms. This equipment can be used in busy ophthalmic clinics to alleviate the chances of cross-infection.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6d588e4ecb80757bede327cc3f37f8e58bb2ed47

Electronic Publishing and the Journals of the American Chemical Society

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

1f44a369-c48e-47b7-9762-40d6b35ff551

Electronic Publishing and the Journals of the American Chemical Society The American Chemical Society is developing a number of initiatives that implement emerging electronic technologies in order to provide a broad range of products and services to members and subscribers. Examples of products currently available, or under development, for access via the World Wide Web include supporting information for journals, electronic ads, color graphics and entire journals. Other activities employ e-mail, CD-ROMs, and softcopy text.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab1e7e2c62631c2d20aeed243b89d1e0fb103091

Comparison of the Surgical Outcomes in Neonates with Left-sided Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia with Only Skin Closure versus Abdominal Muscle Closure

Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons

b68cbbfd-7c8f-41de-8509-f91781aef19b

Comparison of the Surgical Outcomes in Neonates with Left-sided Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia with Only Skin Closure versus Abdominal Muscle Closure ABSTRACT Aim: This study aims to compare the outcome of neonatal left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH, Bochdalek type) repair through laparotomy with and without abdominal muscle closure. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2012 and May 2021 at a neonatal surgical unit of a Tertiary Care Center. Demographic details, preoperative management, Two-dimensional-echo, intra-operative findings, postoperative course, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Results: The study group comprised 50 neonates with a mean standard deviation (SD) age at admission: 4.44 (5.12) days, male: female ratio of 3:2, and mean (SD) weight: 2.73 (0.51) kg. Following repair of the diaphragmatic defect through laparotomy, 26 (52%) underwent skin closure alone, whereas 24 (48%) underwent abdominal muscle closure. Postoperatively, there was a significant fall in the level of platelets (P = 0.021), increase in pressure support by at least 4–5 cm H2O (P = 0.027), and increase in the blood urea (P < 0.001), creatinine (P = 0.005), lactate (P = 0.019), and acidosis (P = 0.048) in the muscle closure group. Although not statistically significant, there was a fall in the urine output and blood pressure in this group. There was no significant difference in the duration of inotropes. Mortality was 8 (32%) in the skin closure group, and 14 (61%) in the muscle closure group (P = 0.05). Conclusions: Neonates undergoing left CDH repair through the abdominal route with skin closure alone, had better survival, as well as hematological, renal, and ventilatory parameters than those who underwent muscle closure. It is a useful surgical modification to improve outcome in centers with limited facilities.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c92a72fd4828611601df5fb5c62e0ff52223027e

Ethiopia Successfully Attaining the Millennium Development Goals

Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences

90025711-8d51-401b-8dcd-a0724ea59e84

Ethiopia Successfully Attaining the Millennium Development Goals At the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000, one hundred eighty nine Member States adopted the Millennium Declaration and pledged to reach the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. This represented an unprecedented consensus by world leaders on the major global challenges of the 21st century as well as a common commitment to meet these challenges. The MDG provided a road map and vision of a world free from poverty and hunger, with universal education, better health, environmental sustainability, freedom, justice and equality for all. Being on the last year for the targets, performance on the MDGs has varied by region and country; some regions are meeting the targets, some are closer to meeting the targets, while others not. But some countries in Africa have accelerated progress on the MDGs despite unfavorable initial conditions. An assessment of performance based on effort reveals that most of the top best performers are in Southern, East, Central and West Africa. As one of the 189 countries that ratified the Millennium Declaration, Ethiopia has made commendable progress towards reaching most of the MDGs. Apart from the overall decline in poverty, positive gains have been made in terms of education, health indicators including HIV and AIDS. These advances are owed largely to the Government's efforts, with substantial support from the UN. Now a days, Ethiopia is frequently mentioned, mostly for positive reasons, as it has basically reached almost all the MDG goals. Ethiopia is one of the few African countries that achieved under-five mortality (U5MR) by two-thirds three years before 2015. One year before the target year, it is announced that Ethiopia has achieved MDG 4- reducing the maternal mortality rate (MMR) through the use of low-cost impact interventions. The use of the community health extension program, which provides health care services in rural areas, has been critical to succeed in Mother and Child Health area . The program has succeeded in bringing services closer to the people, particularly rural dwellers who historically have had challenges in accessing health services and who have contributed more to the U5MR and MMR than urban dwellers. Despite all these, access to skilled birth attendants and postnatal care are still very low in Ethiopia. On the other hand, the country reduced malaria and HIV/AIDS incidence significantly since the millennium declaration. Though big gain is made, there is still long way to go on MDG 7, considering that the proportion of Ethiopians using improved sanitation facilities is still very low; though halving the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation in good progress. All in all, Ethiopia is one of better performers in the region, especially considering its initial conditions in 1990. Assessing progress in Africa toward the Millennium Development Goals Analysis of the Common African Position on the post-2015 Development Agenda the key policy lesson from Ethiopia seems to be the adoption of a relatively inclusive growth approach by government officials, particularly over the past decade. However, there is room for broader and extended development-oriented policies, considering the high economic growth trajectory exhibited by the country over the same time period. While celebrating the success, Ethiopia should utilize her experience of achieving the MDGs to outshine on the post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals. The current issue (Vol. 25, No 2), the second issue 0f the 25th year anniversary of EJHS contains nine original articles on varied subjects and four case reports focusing on different areas. I invite readers to read through these articles and appreciate or utilize the contents. I also encourage readers to forward comments and suggestions.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc2f9ff6a799dc2c3997bf04e65a1d4ebe6aafc5

Current diagnostic procedures and interventions for Gaming Disorders: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Psychology

89097a03-8be6-4e2d-ae2c-a6df64c77a06

Current diagnostic procedures and interventions for Gaming Disorders: A Systematic Review Background: Despite the growth in the number of studies on Gaming Disorders (GD), assessing the characteristics of clinical subjects is still limited. Driven by the need to overcome this limitation, a broad systematic review is essential to cover the studies that have already assessed the clinical characteristics of individuals diagnosed with GD. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to provide a broad cross-cultural picture of the current diagnostic procedures and interventions used for GDs in clinical practice. Methods: A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria, and data were synthesized in these categories: (1) the cultural background of the country where the research took place; (2) the instruments used to measure GD; (3) the diagnostic criteria for GD; (4) the diagnostic procedures used; and (5) the treatment protocol applied. Results: Results of this systematic review suggest that in GD clinical practice, there is a great deal of heterogeneity in the choice of instruments, the diagnostic and intervention processes for GD. Conclusions: This systematic review indicates that a validation process of standard procedures in clinical populations with GD is necessary to create clear shared guidelines for practitioners.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/664d6d0f9c764d297da0febcfddbf2b546722275

Identification of cell surface markers for acute myeloid leukemia prognosis based on multi-model analysis.

Journal of Biomedical Research

a9a2fac4-8f68-4413-b980-95ec5a5a3ada

Identification of cell surface markers for acute myeloid leukemia prognosis based on multi-model analysis. Given the extremely high inter-patient heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the identification of biomarkers for prognostic assessment and therapeutic guidance is critical. Cell surface markers (CSMs) have been shown to play an important role in AML leukemogenesis and progression. In the current study, we evaluated the prognostic potential of all human CSMs in 130 AML patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) based on differential gene expression analysis and univariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. By using multi-model analysis, including Adaptive LASSO regression, LASSO regression, and Elastic Net, we constructed a 9-CSMs prognostic model for risk stratification of the AML patients. The predictive value of the 9-CSMs risk score was further validated at the transcriptome and proteome levels. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for the AML patients. The AML patients with high 9-CSMs risk scores had a shorter overall and event-free survival time than those with low scores. Notably, single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that patients with high 9-CSMs risk scores exhibited chemotherapy resistance. Furthermore, PI3K inhibitors were identified as potential treatments for these high-risk patients. In conclusion, we constructed a 9-CSMs prognostic model that served as an independent prognostic factor for the survival of AML patients and held the potential for guiding drug therapy.