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https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c02f02599aa3436cf4347ff5a4bba36b046f290d

Intravascular Imaging–Guided Versus Angiography‐Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials

Journal of the American Heart Association : Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease

9d0f468d-117a-4e63-beae-93f161248b94

Intravascular Imaging–Guided Versus Angiography‐Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials Background Despite the initial evidence supporting the utility of intravascular imaging to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), adoption remains low. Recent new trial data have become available. An updated study‐level meta‐analysis comparing intravascular imaging to angiography to guide PCI was performed. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of intravascular imaging–guided PCI compared with angiography‐guided PCI. Methods and Results A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed on the basis of the intention‐to‐treat principle. The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiac events, cardiac death, and all‐cause death. Mixed‐effects meta‐regression was performed to investigate the impact of complex PCI on the primary outcomes. A total of 16 trials with 7814 patients were included. The weighted mean follow‐up duration was 28.8 months. Intravascular imaging led to a lower risk of major adverse cardiac events (relative risk , 0.67 ; P<0.001), cardiac death (RR, 0.49 ; P<0.001), stent thrombosis (RR, 0.63 ; P=0.046), target‐lesion revascularization (RR, 0.67 ; P=0.01), and target‐vessel revascularization (RR, 0.60 ; P<0.001). In complex lesion subsets, the point estimate for imaging‐guided PCI compared with angiography‐guided PCI for all‐cause death was a RR of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.55–1.02; P=0.07). Conclusions In patients undergoing PCI, intravascular imaging is associated with reductions in major adverse cardiac events, cardiac death, stent thrombosis, target‐lesion revascularization, and target‐vessel revascularization. The magnitude of benefit is large and consistent across all included studies. There may also be benefits in all‐cause death, particularly in complex lesion subsets. These results support the use of intravascular imaging as standard of care and updates of clinical guidelines.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c66204d66d9e083161eacabd24ec53ce73381c0b

Antidiarrheal activity of Clitorea ternatea Linn. (Fabaceae) ethanol leaf extract in rats

Ayu

Antidiarrheal activity of Clitorea ternatea Linn. (Fabaceae) ethanol leaf extract in rats Background: Clitorea ternatea Linn. (Fabaceae) is a plant which is traditionally used for the treatment of wide range of pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diuretic, local anesthetic, antidiabetic, insecticidal, blood platelet aggregation-inhibiting and diarrhea in India. However, scientific evidence does not exist in any literature to corroborate the claim of therapeutic success of the plant species in diarrhea. Aim of the Study: The core aim of the present study is to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of C. ternatea ethanol extract (CTE). Materials and Methods: The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated using castor oil and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)-induced diarrhea method. The effects of CTE on gastrointestinal motility, intestinal transit and enteropooling were also examined in rats. Results: CTE (100–400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced dose-dependent and significant (P < 0.05–0.01) protection of rats against castor oil and MgSO4-induced diarrhea, inhibited intestinal transit and delayed gastric emptying. CTE dose dependently and significantly delayed the onset of castor oil and MgSO4-induced diarrhea, decreased the frequency of defecation and reduced the severity of diarrhea in the rats compared with loperamide (10 mg/kg, p.o.). Conclusion: These findings confirm the ethno medicinal use of C. ternatea as a valuable natural remedy for the treatment, management and/or control of diarrhea.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/041bbc637639e486aeddf1c8ff85f88d38bf7c5a

First-in-man use of an Indian-made balloon-expandable covered Zephyr stent and intermediate-term follow-up

Annals of Pediatric Cardiology

20f652d1-d511-4508-a6b3-3df560d0590f

First-in-man use of an Indian-made balloon-expandable covered Zephyr stent and intermediate-term follow-up Covered stent is used in large-vessel angioplasty in anticipation of vessel wall injury. Apart from aortic coarctation, they are also used in dysfunctional right ventricular outflow conduits and find a recent role in transcatheter sinus venosus defect closure. Different methods of covering stents include glue fixation, sutureless lamination, sandwich, and sintering lamination. Covered Zephyr (Sahajanand laser technology limited, Gandhinagar, India) is a new Indian-made expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-covered balloon expandable cobalt-chromium stent. Its unique C and S links prevent foreshortening. We report the first-in-man use of this new stent in severe discrete postsubclavian coarctation of aorta and its short-term follow-up imaging.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4cce3d582c67487c03d64bcfb09314d761002744

Effects, Adherence, and Therapists’ Perceptions of Web- and Mobile-Supported Group Therapy for Depression: Mixed-Methods Study

Journal of Medical Internet Research

2baad992-2268-4c38-9120-e453622f2eeb

Effects, Adherence, and Therapists’ Perceptions of Web- and Mobile-Supported Group Therapy for Depression: Mixed-Methods Study Background Blended group therapy (bGT) has been investigated a several times for anxiety and depression, but information on patients’ adherence to and therapists’ perception of the novel format is nonexistent. Furthermore, many studies investigated mainly female and highly educated populations, limiting the validity of previous findings. Objective This study aimed to reduce the gaps and limitations of the previous findings by evaluating an integrated internet- and mobile-supported bGT format. Methods A total of 27 patients diagnosed with major depression (14/27, 52% female and 7/27, 25.9% compulsory education) participated in a 7-week treatment at a university outpatient clinic. Furthermore, 8 novice therapists participated in semistructured interviews and a subsequent cross-validation survey. Results Primary symptom reduction was high (d=1.31 to 1.51) and remained stable for the follow-up period. Therapists identified advantages (eg, patient engagement, treatment intensification, and improved therapeutic relation) and disadvantages (eg, increased workload, data issues, and undesired effects) of bGT. The required online guidance time was 10.3 min per patient and week, including guidance on exercises (67% or 6.9 min) and intimate communication (33% or 3.4 min). Concerning patients’ adherence to bGT, tracked completion of all Web-based and mobile tasks was high and comparable with group attendance. Conclusions Results suggest high feasibility of bGT in a gender-balanced, moderately educated sample. bGT provides group therapists with tools for individual care, resulting in an optimization of the therapy process, and high completion rates of the implemented bGT elements. The limited work experience of the involved therapists restricts the study findings, and potential drawbacks need to be regarded in the development of future bGT interventions.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f209028c7ab3ac2d9c5164df3e45b0506d83fb9d

Platelet satellitism

Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia

2010cdfd-3151-46c2-b271-07c49feb2bdf

Platelet satellitism Platelet satellitism is an in vitro phenomenon involving platelet rosetting around mature granulocytes that is observed exclusively in edetic acid (EDTA)-treated peripheral blood at room temperature (1). The precise underlying mechanism of platelet satellitism remains to be fully elucidated but the current explanations include an immunologic mechanism, characterized by EDTA-dependent binding of serum IgG antibodies to both the platelet glycoprotein IIb/ IIIa complex and neutrophil Fcg-receptors (2) ; and a non-immunologic adherence mediated by thrombospondin or another alpha-granule protein (3). The main clinical significance of this event lies in false low automated platelet counts (pseudothrombocytopenia) and highlights the importance of peripheral blood smear analysis in patients with thrombocytopenia. The collection of a new blood sample in the S-Monovette ThromboExact tube (Sarsted, Germany) or alternatively in citrate or heparin can solve this issue. Figures 1 & 2 – Peripheral blood smear presenting numerous platelets adhered to mature granulocytes consistent with platelet satellitism xxx

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8b5854bbb922df9aa6d85dc6b9fc48a6884d7b56

Comparison of intravenous urography and magnetic resonance urography in preoperative evaluation of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction in children

Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons

b68cbbfd-7c8f-41de-8509-f91781aef19b

Comparison of intravenous urography and magnetic resonance urography in preoperative evaluation of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction in children Aims: To compare intravenous urography (IVU) and magnetic resonance urography (MRU) in the preoperative evaluation of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) in children. Materials and Methods: A total of 35 children up to 10 years of age in whom unilateral or bilateral PUJO were suspected on ultrasonography were enrolled in this prospective study. All children underwent IVU and MRU, and the findings were compared. Results: Of the 70 kidneys evaluated, 14 (20%) were not visualized on IVU because of nonexcretion of contrast, whereas all the 70 (100%) kidneys were visualized on MRU. On IVU, nephrogram was not visualized in 66 (94.2%) of the 70 kidneys, whereas MRU showed prompt and homogeneous nephrogram in 68 (97.1%) of the 70 kidneys. No evidence of PUJO was seen in 31 (44.2%) kidneys on both IVU and MRU. IVU showed PUJO in 26 (37.1%) kidneys, whereas MRU showed it in 38 (54.2%) kidneys. MRU detected two duplex systems that were missed on IVU. A focal renal lesion and two incidental extra renal abnormalities were detected on MRU, which were not visualized on IVU. Conclusion: MRU is better than IVU, especially in case of poorly functioning kidneys which are not visualized on IVU. MRU also provides anatomic details of the ureter and vessels with better evaluation of renal parenchyma. It also has an additional advantage of detecting incidental extra renal abnormalities, if present.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8428433325207f3f31863582d1d34317f839b05b

Neutrophil Chemotactic Activities In Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid From Patients with Bronchial Asthma

The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine

eb347459-34ff-4512-969e-f87c61e69cf8

Neutrophil Chemotactic Activities In Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid From Patients with Bronchial Asthma Objectives To elucidate the presence of neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) and characterize them in the bronchial trees of symptomatic patients with bronchial asthma. Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were concentrated by ultrafiltration. Differential counts of BAL cells was performed upto 500 cells on the cytocentrifuge-prepared slides. NCF activities in concentrated BAL fluids were measured by using microchemotactic chamber. These NCF activities were characterized by heat-stability, sensitivity to try sin and solubility into organic solvent. Results NCF activities were significantly higher in low molecular weight (LMW)-BAL fluid fraction below 5000 dalton than those in high molecular weight (HMW)-BAL fluid fraction. The NCF activities were significantly higher in the patients with bronchial asthma when compared to those of normal subiects. The LMW-NCF and HMW-NCF activities were correlated with the percentages of neutrophils in BAL fluid in the patients with bronchial asthma. The LMW-NCF activities were extractable into ether, stable to heat and resistant to trypsin. Conclusions Main NCF activities in BAL fluid are suggested to be lipid substances with low molecular weight less than 5000 dalton and these substances may recruit neutrophils into the bronchial trees of patients with bronchial asthma.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2e2e5421ef6f97211e17c1843d9794452771e9d

The effect of anger management by nursing staff on violence rate against them in the emergency unit

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research

859d9e8c-791d-4c56-bcb0-73b622a15bca

The effect of anger management by nursing staff on violence rate against them in the emergency unit BACKGROUND: Violence at work is considered as part of the occupational hazards which can affect medical staff and have undesirable effects on quality of patients care. Anger management training causes increases the ability of individuals to change behavior and also can increase the ability of the individual in controlling the excitation in the undesirable conditions. This study aimed to determine the effect of anger management training program by nursing staff on violence rate against them. METHODS: This was a two-group, two-phase, semi-experimental study. Sixty six qualified nurses employed in emergency unit of Al-Zahra Hospital were divided into test and control groups. In this study, the modified questionnaire of World Health Organization was used with adequate validity and reliability to measure the violence rate and anger control. Thereafter, the test group received anger management training for four 60-minute sessions. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics except marital status. In addition, there was a significant difference between the two groups in frequency distribution of psychological violence against nurses after the intervention, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in frequency distribution of physical violence against nurses. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study corroborated the findings of the previous studies. Therefore, increase in self-control and communication skills and problem solving skills at the time of dealing with the patients and their relatives is a step in reducing one of the factors of violence at workplace.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/da44a9f75047a5c2b0868af19e9e019c7c37407c

The Care of Crippled Children

The Hospital

965d752e-3d99-47a6-bf0f-de96ba26b1f3

The Care of Crippled Children but in the practical value of their contributions to the debate. Mr. H. A. L. Fisher, President of the Board of Education, was to have opened the proceedings with an address, and he would no doubt have received a very friendly hearing, for his Education Act. does make provision for greatly increasing the efficiency of treating and caring for defective and crippled children. His place was taken by Mr. J. Herbert Lewis, who spoke with effect and understanding on the subject of the Conference.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b42b6afb46277a4964aa30181ada463d09a32bdd

The influences of stomatal size and density on rice abiotic stress resilience

New Phytologist

d8cfd1a0-d8da-4623-af29-0da236626f84

The influences of stomatal size and density on rice abiotic stress resilience Summary A warming climate coupled with reductions in water availability and rising salinity are increasingly affecting rice (Oryza sativa) yields. Elevated temperatures combined with vapour pressure deficit (VPD) rises are causing stomatal closure, further reducing plant productivity and cooling. It is unclear what stomatal size (SS) and stomatal density (SD) will best suit all these environmental extremes. To understand how stomatal differences contribute to rice abiotic stress resilience, we screened the stomatal characteristics of 72 traditionally bred varieties. We found significant variation in SS, SD and calculated anatomical maximal stomatal conductance (g smax) but did not identify any varieties with SD and g smax as low as transgenic OsEPF1oe plants. Traditionally bred varieties with high SD and small SS (resulting in higher g smax) typically had lower biomasses, and these plants were more resilient to drought than low SD and large SS plants, which were physically larger. None of the varieties assessed were as resilient to drought or salinity as low SD OsEPF1oe transgenic plants. High SD and small SS rice displayed faster stomatal closure during increasing temperature and VPD, but photosynthesis and plant cooling were reduced. Compromises will be required when choosing rice SS and SD to tackle multiple future environmental stresses.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/226c6f57d8b2dd3af86b8ca85e9df7925ff53384

Morbidity After Mechanical Bowel Preparation and Oral Antibiotics Prior to Rectal Resection

JAMA Surgery

70aa14b8-c485-4b6c-ab69-799f622cbe19

Morbidity After Mechanical Bowel Preparation and Oral Antibiotics Prior to Rectal Resection This randomized clinical trial compares the effectiveness of mechanical and oral antibiotics bowel preparation with that of mechanical bowel preparation alone for reducing morbidity in patients undergoing elective rectal resection.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b6409aed481bf4fbd2e93f3142c83ba079e23197

HDL-localized plasma ceramides support body temperature regulation

Innovation in aging

6d6a372b-cc95-4ba3-85d8-165d6d96da48

HDL-localized plasma ceramides support body temperature regulation Abstract As organisms age, the balance of energy expenditure is disrupted. One of the major ways in which this disruption is observed is in an inability to maintain body temperature. Our lab is interested in understanding the signals that regulate this energy balance, and we focus on lipids as energy substrates and signaling molecules to regulate this process. During cold exposure, plasma lipids produced by peripheral tissues are required to fuel and activate heat production in the brown adipose tissue. One of the lipid classes that increases with cold exposure is plasma ceramides. Beyond cold exposure, ceramide lipids are also elevated in aged individuals and are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease where they are thought to signal inflammation. However, the functions of ceramides in non-disease states are unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, we have shown that ceramide production in 12-week-old C57Bl6/J mice is required for body temperature maintenance in the cold. Moreover, plasma ceramide levels in 2-year-old mice are unchanged in the cold, and these mice are unable to maintain their body temperature. In disease states, ceramides are transported through the plasma in LDL, but ceramides are enriched in the HDL plasma fraction in the cold. This differential plasma lipid transport suggests dynamic modes of lipid uptake and tissue targeting to regulate energy expenditure. This work will identify molecular mechanisms governing ceramide function in the mammalian response to cold and better our understanding of the systemic lipid metabolism dysregulated in disease.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2be28102047c65ea550fb4e4203eb3b5ab28004d

Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography Angiography as Compared to Conventional Angiography in Patients Undergoing Noncoronary Cardiac Surgery

Heart Views

4e07a364-0ddc-4009-8d57-bfd7489a5f27

Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography Angiography as Compared to Conventional Angiography in Patients Undergoing Noncoronary Cardiac Surgery Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) angiography with conventional angiography in patients undergoing major noncoronary cardiac surgeries. Materials and Methods: We studied fifty major noncoronary cardiac surgery patients scheduled for invasive coronary angiography, 29 (58%) female and 21 (42%) male. Inclusion criteria of the study were age of the patients ≥40 years, having low or intermediate probability of coronary artery disease (CAD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >35%, and patient giving informed consent for undergoing MSCT and conventional coronary angiography. The patients with LVEF <35%, high pretest probability of CAD, and hemodynamically unstable were excluded from the study. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of CT coronary angiography was evaluated regarding true positive, true negative values. The overall sensitivity and specificity of CT angiography technique was 100% (95% confidence interval : 39.76%–100%) and 91.30% (95% CI: 79.21%–97.58%). The positive (50%; 95% CI: 15.70%–84.30%) and negative predictive values (100%; 95% CI: 91.59%–100%) of CT angiography were also fairly high in these patients. Conclusion: Our study suggests that this non-invasive technique may improve perioperative risk stratification in patients undegoing non-cardiac surgery.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d5d3969327f63d497de4306745919371db92cf1d

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS OF COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS

Innovation in aging

6d6a372b-cc95-4ba3-85d8-165d6d96da48

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS OF COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS Abstract Older adults who depend on others for care are especially vulnerable to harm in a disaster. However, the extent to which they are protected depends on the setting in which they live. State and federal regulations require nursing homes and assisted living communities to have preparedness plans that specifically address the needs of their residents. For older adults living at home, however, protections are far less prescriptive, and in some cases lacking altogether, despite the increasing numbers of disabled older adults receiving care in their homes. In this policy-based study, we examined disaster preparedness for community-dwelling older adults in high-disaster states with high populations of older adults. We found that while many of the states required home-based providers to respond to the post-disaster needs of their older adult clients, few took steps to ensure that before the storm they were prepared. In this study, the state of Florida was an exception, with policies calling for service providers to identify and contact at-risk clients before and after an event. The plan further identifies disaster preparedness as a key component of a livable community. Hurricane Ian struck Fort Myers, Florida, in September 2022. Older adults made up a majority of the 148 killed during and immediately after the storm. Many others lost their homes. In the context of this recent event, we will discuss not only the state and local policies, but the practices that affect the health and well-being of community-dwelling older adults faced with a major disaster.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6cb65cac860467235be310e489218052dd5486db

Role of FDG PET/CT in Baastrup's disease

Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine

71576d28-ad6e-4140-8387-29e01fef3b1c

Role of FDG PET/CT in Baastrup's disease Baastrup's disease is a benign condition, which presents as chronic low back pain. It is also known as “kissing spine syndrome” and refers to close approximation of adjacent spinous processes producing inflammation and back pain. This condition is often misdiagnosed, resulting in incorrect treatment and persistence of symptoms. Diagnosis of Baastrup's disease is verified with clinical examination and imaging studies. Conventionally, clinicians resort to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spine rather than X-ray or computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of back pain. MRI can additionally identify flattening, sclerosis, enlargement, cystic lesions, and bone edema at the articulating surfaces of the two affected spinous processes. Studies have reported that 18Fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT (FDG-PET/CT) can detect a bursitis or an inflammation as a form of stress reaction despite a negative MRI and 99mTc Methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scan. PET/CT is usually not a recommended investigation for this condition. However, this case report highlights the benefit of FDG-PET/CT in identifying the site of inflammatory pathology. It is also known to identify the exact site of inflammation where steroid or local anesthetic injection can be administered to alleviate pain, especially in patients with multilevel vertebral involvement.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8b3410d13045807d8cb158326d3b0d0b2250f815

Structural comparisons of human and mouse fungiform taste buds

bioRxiv

027ffd21-ebb0-4af8-baf5-911124292fd0

Structural comparisons of human and mouse fungiform taste buds Taste buds are commonly studied in rodent models, but some differences exist between mice and humans in terms of gustatory mechanisms and sensitivities. Whether these functional differences are reflected in structural differences between species is unclear. Using immunofluorescent image stacks, we compared morphological and molecular characteristics of mouse and human fungiform taste buds. The results suggest that while the general features of fungiform taste buds are similar between mice and humans, several characteristics differ significantly. Human taste buds are larger and taller than those of mice, yet they contain similar numbers of taste cells. Taste buds in humans are more heavily innervated by gustatory nerve fibers expressing the purinergic receptor P2X3 showing a 40% higher innervation density than in mice. Like Type II cells of mice, a subset (about 30%) of cells in human taste buds is immunoreactive for PLCβ2. These PLCβ2-immunoreactive cells display CALHM1-immunoreactive puncta closely apposed to gustatory nerve fibers suggestive of channel-type synapses described in mice. These puncta, used as a measure of synaptic contact, are however significantly larger in humans compared to mice. Altogether these findings suggest that while many similarities exist in the structural organization of murine and human fungiform taste buds, significant differences do exist in taste bud size, innervation density, and size of synaptic contacts that may impact gustatory signal transmission.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/905cd0ba1bf41d509aa9a77497b0f0e3cd5ae217

Detection of Endosymbiont Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii and Tickborne Pathogens in Humans Exposed to Tick Bites, Italy

Emerging Infectious Diseases

59a1832b-4bac-4b66-a0fc-1c8d201d95aa

Detection of Endosymbiont Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii and Tickborne Pathogens in Humans Exposed to Tick Bites, Italy During 2021, we collected blood and serum samples from 135 persons exposed to tick bites in southern Italy. We serologically and molecularly screened for zoonotic tickborne pathogens and only molecularly screened for Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii. Overall, 62 (45.9%) persons tested positive for tickborne pathogens. Coxiella burnetii was detected most frequently (27.4%), along with Rickettsia spp. (21.5%) and Borrelia spp. (10.4%). We detected Candidatus M. mitochondrii DNA in 46 (34.1%) participants who had statistically significant associations to tickborne pathogens (p<0.0001). Phylogenetic analysis of Candidatus M. mitochondrii sequences revealed 5 clades and 8 human sequence types that correlated with vertebrates, Ixodes spp. ticks, and countries in Europe. These data demonstrated a high circulation of tickborne pathogens and Candidatus M. mitochondrii DNA in persons participating in outdoor activities in southern Italy. Our study shows how coordinated surveillance among patients, clinicians, and veterinarians could inform a One Health approach for monitoring and controlling the circulation of tickborne pathogens.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1472707b985a6fc7ace1d64f0e881ef9f177ecfc

Healthcare professionals’ and patients’ assessments of listed mobile health apps in China: a qualitative study

Frontiers in Public Health

d3dd5449-daa1-4d57-9412-9add6037584f

Healthcare professionals’ and patients’ assessments of listed mobile health apps in China: a qualitative study Background In recent years, mobile health (mHealth) has gradually developed in China, and intelligent medicine has become an important research topic. However, there are still significant problems in mHealth applications (apps). Although healthcare professionals and patients are the main users, few studies have focused on their perceptions of the quality of mHealth apps. Objective This study aimed to (1) understand the respective perceptions of healthcare professionals and patients regarding mHealth apps, (2) assess what barriers exist that influence the user experience, and (3) explore how to improve the quality of mHealth apps and the development of the mHealth market in China. The study aims to promote the standardization of mHealth apps and provide effective information for the improvement and development of mHealth apps in the future. Methods Semistructured interviews with 9 patients and 14 healthcare professionals were conducted from January 2022 to April 2022 in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. The participants used mHealth apps for more than 3 months, including the “Good Mood” and “Peace and Safe Doctors” apps and apps developed by the hospital that were popular in China. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Results The following five themes were extracted: different concerns, hidden medical dangers, distance and insecurity, barriers for older people, and having positive perceptions of mHealth apps. Healthcare professionals prioritized simplicity in regard to mHealth apps, whereas patients rated effectiveness as the most crucial factor. The study also revealed several problems with mHealth apps, including insufficient information about physician qualifications, inaccurate medical content, nonstandard treatment processes, and unclear accountability, which led to a sense of distance and insecurity among participants. Older individuals faced additional obstacles when using mHealth apps. Despite these issues, the participants remained optimistic about the future of mHealth app development. Conclusion The utilization, advantages, and obstacles of mHealth applications for healthcare professionals and patients were explored through semistructured interviews. Despite the promising prospects for mHealth apps in China, numerous issues still need to be addressed. Enhancing the safety monitoring system and developing user-friendly mHealth apps for older adult patients are essential steps to bridge the gap between healthcare providers and patients.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c767cbe5ab2b942a1d4420a735f68dd8bf916b74

Observations on the Cultivation of Organic Science, Being the Hunterian Oration Delivered February 14, 1848, before the Royal College of Surgeons of England

The British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review

Observations on the Cultivation of Organic Science, Being the Hunterian Oration Delivered February 14, 1848, before the Royal College of Surgeons of England Me. Grainger well deserves the thanks of all who heard, and of all who shall read, this admirable Oration, for having selected a theme so appropriate to the occasion, and for having developed it in so lucid a style and so attractive a form. His object is to show how completely the progress of modern physiological science has been in harmony with the spirit of the labours of that great master whose name we delight to honour; and how wonderfully clear and expressive we now find his enunciations of truths which were not understood in his own age, because it was not prepared to receive them. Mr. Grainger's address principally consists, therefore, of

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b254a52c7e08c7f035d7e2f34a101cada829d84

Susan Britton Wills Unit, Bristol General Hospital, Multidisciplinary, General Hospital and Community Psychiatry

Bristol medico-chirurgical journal

Susan Britton Wills Unit, Bristol General Hospital, Multidisciplinary, General Hospital and Community Psychiatry The Susan Britton Wills Unit at the Bristol General Hospital is a small and busy multidisciplinary psychiatric unit, providing a wide range of in-patient, out-patient and day-patient services for the residents of Bristol Health District.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3bd8eed3bf2ece1b2e005d7ae6c005fbee923172

Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oil of Cupressus arizonica E.L. Greene against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae)

Pharmacognosy Research

faf8acbd-b944-435f-a832-16a69532a067

Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oil of Cupressus arizonica E.L. Greene against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae) Background Using botanical insecticides as an alternative biocontrol technique for vector control is considered by some scientists. Materials and Methods Chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In addition, the mosquito larvicidal activity of leaf essential oil of Cupressus arizonica was investigated against fourth instar larvae of laboratory-reared An. stephensi according to the method of the World Health Organization. Results Of 46 constituents in the oil, limonene (14.44%), umbellulone (13.25%) and α-pinene (11%) were determined as the main constituents. Cupressus arizonica volatile oil showed significant larvicidal activity against An. stephensi with LC50 and LC90 values 79.30 ppm and 238.89 ppm respectively. Clear dose-response relationships were established with the highest dose of 160 ppm essential oil with almost 100% mortality. Discussion The results from this study revealed that C. arizonica essential oil could be considered as a natural larvicide against An. stephensi. However, the field evaluation of the formulation is necessary.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7588011a95d73c81eedad44f1b65f8274a1b7e0a

Evaluation on clinical performance of the new low-value platelet measurement mode (PLT-8X) of BC-6800Plus

Annals of Translational Medicine

15a12adf-61c6-4c5f-9edc-675b2ee2f6e2

Evaluation on clinical performance of the new low-value platelet measurement mode (PLT-8X) of BC-6800Plus Background The accuracy of low-value platelet (PLT) testing is a key reference for clinical decision-making regarding PLT transfusion or surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the capability to detect low-value PLT of the 8 times optical platelet counting (PLT-8X) mode of the BC-6800Plus auto hematology analyzer. Methods Totally 40 fresh anticoagulated venous whole blood samples with PLT ≤50×109/L were collected from the clinical laboratory at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University to evaluate the precision of low-value PLT in PLT-8X mode. Moreover, 67 samples with PLT 0.05). Finally, the LoB and LoD of PLT-8X mode were 0.33×109/L and 0.89×109/L, respectively. Conclusions The PLT-8X mode of the BC-6800Plus auto hematology analyzer has extremely low detection sensitivity for low-value PLTs in anticoagulated venous whole blood samples. With good linearity, its precision and accuracy can sufficiently meet the needs for hematology laboratory use, and it can effectively help clinicians to accurately diagnose and treat patients with thrombopenia-related diseases.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/924feab3586975493342750140d677173707da08

The regulatory process and practical significance of non-coding RNA in the dissemination of prostate cancer to the skeletal system

Frontiers in Oncology

fdeb07d1-a046-4a1a-98aa-167e7f8e667a

The regulatory process and practical significance of non-coding RNA in the dissemination of prostate cancer to the skeletal system Prostate cancer is a major contributor to male cancer-related mortality globally. It has a particular affinity for the skeletal system with metastasis to bones seriously impacting prognosis. The identification of prostate cancer biomarkers can significantly enhance diagnosis and patient monitoring. Research has found that cancer and metastases exhibit abnormal expression of numerous non-coding RNA. Some of these RNA facilitate prostate cancer bone metastasis by activating downstream signaling pathways, while others inhibit this process. Elucidating the functional processes of non-coding RNA in prostate cancer bone metastasis will likely lead to innovative treatment strategies for this malignant condition. In this review, the mechanistic role of the various RNA in prostate cancer is examined. Our goal is to provide a new avenue of approach to the diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis in this cancer.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b1d320215ad2e31cc2841b97c4c6346485b4cd11

Bundled care combined with animated educational videos can promote the recovery of severe pneumonia in children: A case-control study

Medicine

2ae18de8-1e0b-4f92-9aa3-866ffc4f36e7

Bundled care combined with animated educational videos can promote the recovery of severe pneumonia in children: A case-control study In this study, we analyzed the efficacy of animated educational videos and group nursing in the treatment of severe pneumonia in children. A total of 140 patients with severe pneumonia in our hospital from October 2022 to October 2023 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into a control group and an observation group. The control group received routine care, while the observation group received animated educational videos and cluster nursing interventions. The treatment effects of the 2 groups of patients were compared. Clinical indicators such as body temperature recovery time, blood oxygen saturation recovery time, heart rate recovery time, consciousness recovery time, and respiratory rate recovery time were compared between the 2 groups of patients. The results showed that the temperature recovery time, oxygen saturation recovery time, heart rate recovery time and respiratory rate recovery time in observation group were significantly different from those in control group (P  5000) were protective factors. So, animated educational videos and bundled care can effectively improve the nursing effectiveness of children with severe pneumonia and promote their recovery.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3efc22ba38afc8a8015256dfe70aeeab0411b3df

A Note From NIDA’s Director

Addiction Science & Clinical Practice

7a7c6229-b38d-495c-b646-da93f2017c5e

A Note From NIDA’s Director Addiction Science & Clinical Practice (AS&CP) is about to enter a new stage in its development. After this issue, the journal moves to a new publisher, Biomed Central, and assumes a new format as an open-access, Internet-only publication. Taking over as Editors are Richard Saitz, M.D., M.P.H., and Jeffrey Samet, M.D., M.A., M.P.H., of the Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit at Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine and School of Public Health. AS&CP was launched in 2002 with its original title, Science & Practice Perspectives. The journal was a key component of NIDA’s response to a challenge issued by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). The IOM had identified a gap between substance abuse research and practice as a major obstacle to progress and called upon the field to close it. NIDA’s new peer-reviewed journal set out to foster rich, creative exchanges between researchers and clinicians. That goal informed its every aspect— its diverse editorial board, article selection, additional features, style, design, and layout. In its 9 years under the outstanding leadership of Founding Editor David Anderson, M.S., AS&CP has proved that the field values that mission and product. Top authorities at bench and clinic have welcomed the opportunity and the challenge of imparting their knowledge across the research-practice divide, with special attention to practical implications and constructive advice. Response panels in which clinicians and researchers engage in free give and take in reaction to a particular article have been among the journal’s most distinctive and popular features. AS&CP has more subscribers than any other addiction journal, and articles have been translated into several languages. At its new home, AS&CP will be well placed to continue to advance the research-practice interchange. Drs. Saitz and Samet are experienced editors who spend every working day at the interface of the creation of new knowledge and its application. In their hands, the journal has a bright future.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee70029df3b69df87889681267657fc3c8e60edd

HEALTH EDUCATION THROUGH NON – FORMAL EDUCATION

Ancient Science of Life

91b2ae4a-e432-4549-9e84-925e6b4fd527

HEALTH EDUCATION THROUGH NON – FORMAL EDUCATION The non-availability of health care in the rural area leads to the problems like infant mortality, infectious disease deaths and malnutrition. Rural health can be promoted both at preventive and promotive levels through non-formal education.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c40a6ddc1dfb1925e26fa6b7905a87b58445bfe2

Effect of Electronic Screening With Personalized Feedback on Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors in a Primary Care Setting

JAMA Network Open

b9444cdd-c1d0-45a8-9db6-f8a53936292e

Effect of Electronic Screening With Personalized Feedback on Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors in a Primary Care Setting Key Points Question Does electronic risk screening with personalized feedback and clinical decision support increase clinician counseling and reduce risk behaviors in adolescents? Findings In this randomized clinical trial of 300 adolescents randomly assigned to receive electronic screening with personalized feedback vs usual care in the context of a well-child care visit, youths who received the electronic screening intervention were more likely than controls to receive risk counseling. Three months after the visit, youths who received the electronic screening also had a significantly greater reduction than controls in their risk behavior scores. Meaning Electronic screening tools that provide risk information to clinicians and motivational feedback to teens can improve care delivery and youth outcomes.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e6c0fe544ed32acda15b64503e4ed9b7ed9b6006

Hydrothermal Synthesis of a Magnesium Vanadate-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for an Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

ACS Omega

d516f81c-009b-445d-b748-c827efa137d3

Hydrothermal Synthesis of a Magnesium Vanadate-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for an Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Herein, we reported the fabrication of a magnesium vanadate-reduced graphene oxide (Mg3V2O8-rGO) composite. Further, the structural morphology of the as-prepared Mg3V2O8-rGO composite was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques were also adopted to check the phase purity and elemental composition of the prepared Mg3V2O8-rGO composite. Mg3V2O8-rGO possesses a band gap of 2.98 eV, which prompted us to explore its photocatalytic activity for hydrogen (H2) evolution reaction. The Mg3V2O8-rGO composite demonstrated the generation of a reasonable amount of H2 evolution (97.45 μmol g–1), which is relatively higher than that of pristine Mg3V2O8 (17.45 μmol g–1). This may be attributed to the presence of synergism between Mg3V2O8 and rGO. In addition, Mg3V2O8-rGO also showed good stability and suggested its potential application for photocatalytic H2 evolution applications. So far, no report is available on the use of Mg3V2O8-rGO as a photocatalyst for H2 evolution. We propose the potential role of the Mg3V2O8-rGO composite for photocatalytic H2 evolution applications.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52587f4e8a5362ab055b2929782b69779d835252

Parent-Perceived Benefits and Harms Associated With Internet Use by Adolescent Offspring

JAMA Network Open

b9444cdd-c1d0-45a8-9db6-f8a53936292e

Parent-Perceived Benefits and Harms Associated With Internet Use by Adolescent Offspring Key Points Question How do parents perceive the extent and consequences of internet use among their adolescent offspring, and what family characteristics and internet use patterns are associated with problematic use? Findings This survey study of attitudes of 1005 US parents of children and adolescents aged 9 to 15 years revealed both perceived benefits (eg, family connectedness) and concerns (eg, cyberbullying, addiction) of internet use. Twice as many parents reported specific concerns about internet addiction than substance addiction. Meaning These findings suggest that family discussions of internet use should acknowledge both perceived benefits and concerns, while correlates of problematic internet use identified in this study may inform interventions.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55959c93383ec7ac8d5d56d0dd3c164e903a7163

Evaluating progress and addressing actions to eliminate industrially produced trans-fatty acids in the Americas

Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health

37b8bc22-aa1e-43ca-b7ec-feeb5a3d9c3c

Evaluating progress and addressing actions to eliminate industrially produced trans-fatty acids in the Americas ABSTRACT Objective. To evaluate the progress toward the 2023 target for the elimination of industrially produced trans-fatty acids (IP-TFA) in the Region of the Americas and to highlight the achievements of the four strategic lines of action from the Plan of Action for the Elimination of IP-TFA 2020-2025. Methods. A survey based on the World Health Organization (WHO) REPLACE package was used to collect data. The REPLACE package outlines six strategic action areas (Review, Promote, Legislate, Assess, Create, Enforce) to support the prompt, complete, and sustained elimination of IP-TFA from the food supply. Information was cross-checked and updated until December 2021. Results. Thirty countries in the Region responded to the survey between November 2019 and July 2020, an 85.7% response rate. As of December 2021, 21 additional indicators of the Regional Plan of Action were met, out of which, four consisted of new enactments of PAHO/WHO best practice policies for the elimination of IP-TFA by countries since baseline data was collected in 2018. This has resulted in a 63.0% increase in the proportion of the population in the Americas protected from consuming IP-TFA in 2021, compared to the baseline in 2018. Conclusion. Despite results showing progress in the Region, actions are needed to strengthen country capacity building and strategies to eliminate IP-TFA and fully achieve the 2023 goal.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/481bfa1cdf2f558d22787f47b00ee2a84461a575

Successful emergency airway management in a case of removal of foreign body bronchus in a pediatric patient

Anesthesia Essays and Researches

3adfe47a-7cf7-43a7-9deb-546e0b53fda2

Successful emergency airway management in a case of removal of foreign body bronchus in a pediatric patient Foreign body (FB) aspiration into the respiratory tract is a common incident, especially in the pediatric age group and can, sometimes, pose a real challenge to the anesthesiologists as far as the airway management is concerned. Here, we report a case of FB bronchus in a 3 year 2 months old boy, presenting to the emergency in a cyanosed and comatosed condition with severe respiratory distress. In spite of the unavailability of a pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscope in our hand, the gradual declining condition of the baby made us to take the challenge. The FB was successfully removed through a tracheotome using a nasal endoscope.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/37537b7e03f5e103dddd0698f39c5f8d3f71de29

Synthesis of Molecular Phenylcalcium Derivatives: Application to the Formation of Biaryls

Angewandte Chemie

Synthesis of Molecular Phenylcalcium Derivatives: Application to the Formation of Biaryls Abstract Hydrocarbon‐soluble β‐diketiminato phenylcalcium derivatives, which display various modes of Ca−μ2‐Ph−Ca bridging, are accessible from reactions of Ph2Hg and 2. Although the resultant compounds are inert toward the C−H bonds of benzene, they yield selective and uncatalyzed biaryl formation when reacted with readily available aryl bromides.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a9c1e81ca81585c3344acf0c7ce868335eb5659a

Corrigenda: Jiao TY, Yao QY, Xiao H (2017) Review of Dibrachys Förster from China (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae). ZooKeys 656: 123–149.

ZooKeys

e6b4b075-7764-44f6-acaf-99f80f0532fb

Corrigenda: Jiao TY, Yao QY, Xiao H (2017) Review of Dibrachys Förster from China (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae). ZooKeys 656: 123–149. .

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a6f95b5994bb17d47594c7c0facc0e839a58d3ae

Effect of Cissampelos Pareira Leaves on Anxiety-like Behavior in Experimental Animals

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

3e8e51ea-2369-4f87-b68d-b097f00ee478

Effect of Cissampelos Pareira Leaves on Anxiety-like Behavior in Experimental Animals The present study was undertaken to evaluate anxiolytic effect of 70% hydroethanolic extract of leaves of Cissampelos pareira in murine models. C. pareira (Menispermaceae) is rich in alkaloids, and phytochemical results showed that it contains alkaloids, flavanoids, terpenoids, steroids, etc., Anxiolytic activity was evaluated by using elevated plus maze test (EPM), light dark (LandD) model, and forced swim test (FS) models in rats. The efficacy of extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) was compared with control as well as standard diazepam (DZ; 2 mg/kg, p.o.) in EPM, LandD model, and imipramine (IM; 2.5 mg/kg, p.o.) in FS model. The results showed that DZ and extract significantly increased the number of entries, time spent in open arm, head dip counts, and rearing time, while they decreased fecal count in EPM. DZ and extract also significantly increased the number of crossings and time spent in light compartment, while they decreased duration of immobility in LandD model. In case of FS model, IM and extract significantly increased mobility and swimming time. Thus, the results confirm that hydroethanolic extract of C. pareira has the potential to be used in the management of anxiety-like behavior in a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Further study is required to explore the plant and its parts for anxiolytic potential.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6e7dcf6a31a8f7c08b127e4321a39e93b7b0437a

Behavioral and neurostructural correlates of childhood physical violence victimization: Interaction with family functioning

Developmental Psychobiology

1e03f654-97e9-4408-8374-957266f874a4

Behavioral and neurostructural correlates of childhood physical violence victimization: Interaction with family functioning Violence victimization may cause child behavior problems and neurostructural differences associated with them. Healthy family environments may buffer these effects, but neural pathways explaining these associations remain inadequately understood. We used data from 3154 children (x¯age=10.1) to test whether healthy family functioning moderated possible associations between violence victimization, behavior problems, and amygdala volume (a threat-responsive brain region). Researchers collected data on childhood violence victimization, family functioning (McMaster Family Assessment Device, range 0–3, higher scores indicate healthier functioning), and behavior problems (Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist total problem score, range 0–117), and they scanned children with magnetic resonance imaging. We standardized amygdala volumes and fit confounder-adjusted models with “victimization × family functioning” interaction terms. Family functioning moderated associations between victimization, behavior problems, and amygdala volume. Among lower functioning families (functioning score = 1.0), victimization was associated with a 26.1 (95% confidence interval : 9.9, 42.4) unit higher CBCL behavior problem score, yet victimized children from higher functioning families (score = 3.0) exhibited no such association. Unexpectedly, victimization was associated with higher standardized amygdala volume among lower functioning families (y^=0.5; 95% CI: 0.1, 1.0) but lower volume among higher functioning families (y^=−0.4; 95% CI: −0.7, −0.2). Thus, healthy family environments may mitigate some neurobehavioral effects of childhood victimization.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5f4f6aefac03568729c771e2fd1964431b219fa1

Lateral Inframammary Approach for Asian Augmentation Mammaplasty

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open

b25beb9d-311d-4294-aba2-4693979630c7

Lateral Inframammary Approach for Asian Augmentation Mammaplasty Background: The inframammary fold (IMF) approach for augmentation mammaplasty is less popular in Asia. The incision was modified to lateral IMF(L-IMF) for easy access and better outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate if L-IMF approach is feasible in Asian women. Methods: Between 2002 and 2016, 53 patients with 96 augmentation mammaplasties were performed using lateral (L-IMF, 31 cases, 56 breasts) and traditional IMF approaches (T-IMF, 22 cases, 40 breasts). Surgical outcome was compared between L-IMF and T-IMF groups. Scar was assessed using photographic images by 4 assessors with a modified Manchester Scar Score, and telephone surveys available in L-IMF group. Results: The average age was 41 ± 10.7 years (range, 20–73 years). There were no statistical differences in demographics in both groups besides of implant type (P < 0.01). At a follow-up of 80.1 months (range, 20–173 months), the capsular contracture rate and overall complication rate were statistically lower in L-IMF group, 3.6%, and 3.6%, than in T-IMF group, 15%, and 20% (P = 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively). The modified Manchester Scar for L-IMF scars was 8.47 ± 2.4. The average score of 24 of 31 patients with L-IMF incision was 3.8 ± 0.96/5 points with patient-reported questionnaire. Nineteen patients (79.2%) would recommend or strongly recommend the procedure to friends. Conclusions: The scar of L-IMF group healed satisfactorily with lower capsular contracture and overall complication rates than T-IMF group. Patients were satisfied with the outcome of breast augmentation and scar appearance using L-IMF approach.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/80641fdf01484cdd73f752ee7684a4de12ef4131

Self-detected Melanomas are Thicker Regardless of Patient’s Complexity: A Retrospective Analysis

Acta Dermato-Venereologica

61aec066-7ed4-4f00-a2ee-e0e1160b005b

Self-detected Melanomas are Thicker Regardless of Patient’s Complexity: A Retrospective Analysis Abstract missing (Short communication)

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/247722a26e22c03d161d92077062c8ae054c3ebf

Efficacy of Ibuprofen Gargle for Postoperative Pain After Mandibular Third Molar Extraction: Protocol for a Phase II, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Crossover Trial

JMIR Research Protocols

278131df-030d-4e6c-b083-d57f3b740dc4

Efficacy of Ibuprofen Gargle for Postoperative Pain After Mandibular Third Molar Extraction: Protocol for a Phase II, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Crossover Trial Background Extraction of mandibular third molars is one of the most commonly performed oral surgical procedures, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for pain management. Oral NSAIDs are associated with adverse events such as gastrointestinal disorders, renal and hepatic dysfunction, and platelet dysfunction. Topical analgesics have been proposed as alternatives to oral and injectable medications to safely improve postoperative pain relief. We will conduct a single-center, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized crossover trial to assess the pain-relieving effect of an ibuprofen-containing gargle in patients undergoing extraction of mandibular third molars when compared with a placebo gargle. Objective This will be the first clinical study to compare the efficacy of an ibuprofen gargle with that of a placebo for relieving postoperative pain in addition to loxoprofen after mandibular third molar extraction. Methods This study will be performed at Kobe University Hospital. Participants (N=40) will be randomized equally to 1 of 2 groups. The ibuprofen-placebo group will receive an ibuprofen gargle on postoperative day (POD) 1 and a placebo gargle on POD 2. The placebo-ibuprofen group will receive a placebo gargle on POD 1 and an ibuprofen gargle on POD 2. Both groups will receive ibuprofen gargles on PODs 3-5 at least once daily. The primary objective is to estimate the within-subject difference on a visual analog scale (VAS) before and 5 minutes after using the ibuprofen or placebo gargle on PODs 1 and 2. The secondary objectives are to estimate the within-subject differences in ΔVAS before and 15 minutes after using the ibuprofen or placebo gargle on PODs 1 and 2, ΔVAS before and 5 or 15 minutes after using the ibuprofen gargle on PODs 3-5, overall efficacy (self-completion, 5 scales) on PODs 1-5, daily frequency of use (ibuprofen or placebo gargle and analgesics) on PODs 1-7, and the occurrence of adverse events. Results The Certified Review Board of Kobe University approved the study. The intervention was implemented in May 2021. For the primary analysis, we will calculate the mean and SD of ΔVAS5 on PODs 1 and 2 and the within-study difference in ΔVAS5. The treatment effect will be estimated by dividing the mean ΔVAS5 in the within-subject difference by 2 and calculating the P value using an unpaired t test. For the secondary analysis, we will calculate the mean and SD of ΔVAS15 on PODs 1 and 2 and the within-study difference in ΔVAS15. The treatment effect will be estimated as in the primary analysis. Conclusions This trial will provide exploratory evidence of the efficacy and safety of an ibuprofen gargle for pain reduction after mandibular third molar extraction. Trial Registration Japan Registry of Clinical Trials jRCTs051210022; International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/35533

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f8619c02fe470d6107033de70775e0b7bb23da4

Modern Sociology

The Hospital

965d752e-3d99-47a6-bf0f-de96ba26b1f3

Modern Sociology By Francis Scougall. A letter just issued by the Home Secretary, and addressed to Judges, Chairmen of Quarter Sessions, and Recorders, in explanation of the new Act passed last Session for the reformatory treatment of habitual drunkards, deals with one of the moBt important measures?I say it emphatically?that has ever been undertaken by the Legislature for the amelioration of our people's condition generally. What the curse of drunkenness has loDg been to this country is patent to all. One has

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7018283fd617f1d5369226f92359280572401b5c

Two-Year Changes in Diabetic Kidney Disease Phenotype and the Risk of Heart Failure: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea

Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

1f5c0493-b471-460b-8253-b3de7b62bb8a

Two-Year Changes in Diabetic Kidney Disease Phenotype and the Risk of Heart Failure: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a risk factor for hospitalization for heart failure (HHF). DKD could be classified into four phenotypes by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, normal vs. low) and proteinuria (PU, negative vs. positive). Also, the phenotype often changes dynamically. This study examined HHF risk according to the DKD phenotype changes across 2-year assessments. Methods The study included 1,343,116 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database after excluding a very high-risk phenotype (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) at baseline, who underwent two cycles of medical checkups between 2009 and 2014. From the baseline and 2-year eGFR and PU results, participants were divided into 10 DKD phenotypic change categories. Results During an average of 6.5 years of follow-up, 7,874 subjects developed HHF. The cumulative incidence of HHF from index date was highest in the eGFRlowPU– phenotype, followed by eGFRnorPU+ and eGFRnorPU–. Changes in DKD phenotype differently affect HHF risk. When the persistent eGFRnorPU– category was the reference, hazard ratios for HHF were 3.10 (95% confidence interval , 2.73 to 3.52) in persistent eGFRnorPU+ and 1.86 (95% CI, 1.73 to 1.99) in persistent eGFRlowPU–. Among altered phenotypes, the category converted to eGFRlowPU+ showed the highest risk. In the normal eGFR category at the second examination, those who converted from PU– to PU+ showed a higher risk of HHF than those who converted from PU+ to PU–. Conclusion Changes in DKD phenotype, particularly with the presence of PU, are more likely to reflect the risk of HHF, compared with DKD phenotype based on a single time point in patients with T2DM.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d5e52547df25abfc489429e1cd693f5c70876de9

Réagir au virus Ebola : le rôle des revues médicales pendant les urgences mondiales de santé publique

Canadian journal of respiratory therapy : CJRT = Revue canadienne de la therapie respiratoire : RCTR

e7483eab-7f6c-4d0a-af93-6d7607b16efd

Réagir au virus Ebola : le rôle des revues médicales pendant les urgences mondiales de santé publique As a researcher in global public health and a clinician in a high-income, well-resourced health system, I have had the opportunity to work across a spectrum of health services, ranging from the treatment of neglected tropical diseases to providing care for routine surgical pathologies. Regrettably, the focus of the global health care architecture that predominates the research and development agendas around the world has adopted a focus that is frequently out of line with the needs of the poor, resulting in too little attention and innovation being devoted to pressing global health problems (1). On occasion, however, an emerging health concern propels tropical diseases to the forefront of medical practice in Canada or elsewhere, prompting us to reconsider our vulnerabilities within an increasingly globalized world. Dr Jason Nickerson Presently, health systems around the world are preparing for the potential of arrival of patients who may have been exposed to the Ebola virus disease by way of an outbreak that began in Guinea in December 2013, but was only declared in March, and has since spread to Liberia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria (2). At press time, the case fatality rate of the outbreak was 54.9%, with a cumulative total of 2240 cases and 1229 deaths, and no indications of a resolution to this epidemic (3). Control of the virus is proving to be difficult for several reasons (4). The geographical spread of cases in and between the countries affected presents a major logistical challenge in identifying and tracing individuals who may have been exposed to the virus. While much attention has been given to the development of new drugs for the treatment of Ebola, less attention has been devoted to the role of strong health systems in identifying, controlling and responding to the epidemic. Regrettably, the health systems of the affected countries face major longstanding challenges, including severe shortages of health workers. In resource-constrained settings, access to even basic primary care is poor and often hampered by systemic problems such as access to essential medicines, effective health information systems for monitoring disease trends and patterns, and the application of evidence-based treatments, making the effective detection, control and treatment of a complex disease, such as Ebola, extremely challenging. In Canada, the Ebola outbreak continues to be at the forefront of public discussion and of concern to health workers across the country, perhaps, in part, prompted by the infection of several American and European aid workers. In the current issue of the Journal, for example, we present a brief review (pages 87–90) on one hospital’s infection control procedures that are in place for precisely a situation such as this. The commentary highlights the challenges imposed on Canadian health facilities to identify best practices for high-risk, low-probability scenarios, and to ensure that we can continue to provide treatment in a manner that is effective and vigilant. Despite this heightened awareness and preparations, several experts have noted that the risk of an Ebola epidemic in Canada is likely low. Unsurprisingly, the justification of this reasoned call is not because Canada harbours an effective drug for Ebola, but rather because Canada’s health care system is well-equipped to effectively deal with a disease outbreak such as this. Case definitions have been established, infection control protocols are in place and our public health surveillance system is strong. Rather than being a call for complacency, the statement that our risk of an epidemic is low is, in fact, a call to arms to ensure that all health professionals are aware of how to safely care for a patient with a highly communicable disease such as Ebola, and that necessary equipment, policies and protocols are in place to be immediately put into action. Beyond the challenges of clinical care, disease epidemics, such as Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome or H1N1, present major intellectual challenges for health professionals who must care for patients for whom there is a small or no evidence base to guide treatments. Ebola has rarely been treated outside of a handful of resource-poor countries where access to critical care medicine is poor; it is, therefore, conceivable that with stronger resources, greater reductions in mortality could be achieved. At the same time, this also means that clinicians are largely starting anew to build the evidence base on which future treatment guidelines and protocols ought to be based. This is where academic medicine, including clinician-investigators and authors, as well as peer-reviewed journals such as ours, must play a strong role in advancing the science of global health. As clinicians with access to resources to provide comprehensive interventions to patients with rare or neglected diseases, and the ability to report on our successes and failures in doing so, we have a responsibility to share these experiences so that others may build on them. Respiratory therapists play a leading role in the frontline care of critically ill patients, including making important decisions concerning the processes and systems that ought to be in place to ensure that Canadian health care facilities can safely care for patients with diseases such as Ebola. By sharing these experiences in forums that are accessible to other clinicians in low- and middle-income countries, and providing those clinicians with an opportunity to share their experiences with us, this is a direct opportunity to influence the organization and delivery of care globally, and is an opportunity that we all must embrace.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3899758219167147466929d10c5558ec6613750c

Surgeon-General J. Jameson

Glasgow medical journal

cd716251-f81d-4522-b18d-326a397023cd

Surgeon-General J. Jameson The news of the death, on the 13th ult., of Surgeon-General James Jameson is fraught with a peculiar interest to us on account of the close association which the deceased officer had with Glasgow. Born in Kilbirnie in August, 1837, the second son of W. Jameson, of Ladeside, he was educated in the High School, and afterwards in the University, of Glasgow. He was appointed staff-assistant surgeon in the army in 1857, and proceeded to Canada. He joined the 47th Regiment of Foot and accompanied it to the West Indies, and he received special promotion for highly meritorious service rendered during an epidemic of yellow fever in Trinidad. In the Franco-German war of 1870-71, Jameson commanded a division of the English ambulance, and, by a special act of grace, was awarded the

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b079cbfa53e2250867c4ac1ccabcc5b83264389

Erratum: “Summertime Acute Heat Illness in U.S. Emergency Departments from 2006 through 2010: Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample”

Environmental Health Perspectives

74dbb751-54d9-4be5-baa6-52a5e58ea8dd

Erratum: “Summertime Acute Heat Illness in U.S. Emergency Departments from 2006 through 2010: Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample” In the version of “Summertime Acute Heat Illness in U.S. Emergency Departments from 2006 through 2010: Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample” by Hess et al. originally published online, low numbers of emergency department deaths (11–29) in Tables 2 and 3 were mistakenly suppressed due to misinterpreta tion of the data-use agreement with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). The tables have been updated in the final version of the article and are consistent with reporting requirements in the AHRQ data-use agreement (numbers of deaths ≤ 10 are suppressed).

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ba94cb56c8e53c1bfe3615b0b691aa5adc5e239c

Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Induce Inflammatory Response and Alter the Gene Expression of Junction-Associated Proteins in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells

The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale

Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Induce Inflammatory Response and Alter the Gene Expression of Junction-Associated Proteins in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathobionts, which are characterized by their ability to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells, are associated with the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by AIEC strains can facilitate the interaction of these bacteria with host cells through delivering bacterial effectors. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of OMVs derived from AIEC strain LF82 to induce the host immune response, leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines and also altering the gene expression of junction-associated proteins in the human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell line. OMVs were extracted from AIEC strain LF82, and the cell viability of Caco-2 cells treated with these vesicles was assessed by MTT assay. The morphology and size distribution of vesicles were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, respectively. Gene expression of occludin, ZO-1, claudin-2, E-cadherin, TLR-2, and TLR-4 in response to OMVs was assessed in Caco-2 cells by RT-qPCR. Moreover, the secretion of IL-8 and TNF-α into the supernatant of Caco-2 cells upon treatment with OMVs was measured using ELISA. Our results demonstrated that OMVs upregulated the gene expression level of TLRs and also altered the gene expression level of junction-associated proteins. OMVs derived from AIEC may play a major role in the promotion of intestinal inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction. However, further investigations are needed to elucidate the putative role of OMVs in the pathogenesis of AIEC and IBD.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d0bb405c600ad6b72d5a689325566e5e5f3a2050

Bis(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-κN 3)[N,N′-o-phenylenebis(pyridine-2-carboxamido)-κ4 N]manganese(II)

Acta Crystallographica Section E

3764f162-def2-425e-a8d5-f015eb75ff7a

Bis(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-κN 3)manganese(II) The title compound, , belongs to the family of 1,2-bis(pyridine-2-carboxamido)benzene (H2bpb) ligated metal complexes. The manganese center is octahedrally coordinated by a bpb ligand and two axial 1-methylimidazole molecules. The axial N—Mn—N group is bent with a bond angle of 151.79 (7)°.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/de103266ed5dc9fa4b7a3f1b38fdf3fdde3db4af

Prognostic Significance of Thrombocytopenia and Mean Platelet Volume in COPD Patients with Acute Exacerbations in ICU Settings.

Medical Science Monitor

93a4f692-b20b-46d9-a212-f283daaf5758

Prognostic Significance of Thrombocytopenia and Mean Platelet Volume in COPD Patients with Acute Exacerbations in ICU Settings. Background Platelets have important modulatory effects on inflammatory and immune-mediated pathways. Thrombocytopenia is a critical condition that is frequently encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU) and increases mortality. This retrospective study of 472 patients admitted to the ICU with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) aimed to evaluate thrombocytopenia and mean platelet volume (MPV) with prognosis and patient mortality. Material/Methods A total of 472 patients diagnosed with COPD according to GOLD criteria and hospitalized in the tertiary ICU between 1 April 2018 and 11 May 2021 were included in the study. Platelets were calculated by the impetance method and MPV was simultaneously calculated based on the platelet histogram. Patients with platelet count ≤100×109/L and >100×109/L and patients with MPV values 11fl were compared in terms of mortality and prognosis. Results The mortality rate in COPD patients with thrombocytopenia was high, at 61.5%. Thrombocytopenia (P=.002), high MPV (P=.006) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-2 (APACHE-II) score (P=.025), length of stay (LOS) in the ICU (P=.009), mechanical ventilation duration (P<.001), leukocytosis (P<.001), high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (P<.001), LOS in the hospital (P=.035), and hypoalbuminemia (P<.001) were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions Thrombocytopenia, high MPV, high APACHE-II and SOFA scores, LOS in the ICU and hospital, duration of mechanical ventilation, leukocytosis, and hypoalbuminemia predict mortality in COPD patients. Since infection-sepsis, hypoalbuminemia, and hypoxia can worsen this situation, ensuring early infection control, providing albumin support, and preventing hypoxia contribute significantly to reducing thrombocytopenia and mortality.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/61fff1257e4e72cbcb186738bc45d5f91e2ccc77

Effects of Endothelin-1 and nitric oxide levels on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

Annals of Translational Medicine

15a12adf-61c6-4c5f-9edc-675b2ee2f6e2

Effects of Endothelin-1 and nitric oxide levels on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury Background To study the role of nitric oxide (NO) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and Endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the process of reperfusion in an animal model. ET is a strong vasoconstrictor peptide, which is closely related to the physiological and pathological state of the cardiovascular system. ET not only directly stimulates and activates a variety of hormones and cytokines, but also is one of the mediators promoting myocardial remodeling, and participates in and promotes myocardial ischemia injury. Methods Before myocardial ischemia, Krebs-Henseleit (KH) perfusion solution containing different concentrations of L-arginine (LA; substrate of NO) were given to 6 groups of rats, and ET was given at the early stage of reperfusion in 3 groups. During reperfusion, cardiac function indexes, myocardial enzyme release and NO content in coronary effluent, and the cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA) content was measured. The myocardial ultrastructure was observed by microscopy. Data of each group are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and the baseline value of each group before ischemia was the recovery value during reperfusion. SPSS26.0 (IBM, Chicago, USA) was used for statistical processing. Results Before myocardial ischemia, infusion of KH solution containing a low concentration of LA (10 mmol/L) reduced myocardial IRI, whereas infusion of a KH solution containing high concentration of LA (100 mmol/L) before ischemia significantly aggravated myocardial IRI. The administration of KH solution containing LA and ET-1 (1,000 mmol/L) significantly reduced myocardial IRI. Conclusions NO plays a dual role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, both beneficial and harmful. The combination of NO and ET-1 can reduce the toxic effect of NO.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eaf81f3d1b6e1e04a40745f4cc71a8b13269c2c4

MiR‑221 and miR‑222 regulate cell cycle progression and affect chemosensitivity in breast cancer by targeting ANXA3

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

66d636a6-1266-477a-a4b6-928f1f87001d

MiR‑221 and miR‑222 regulate cell cycle progression and affect chemosensitivity in breast cancer by targeting ANXA3 Breast malignancy remains one of the most common causes of cancer-associated mortalities among women. MicroRNA (miR)-221 and miR-222 are homologous miRs and have a substantial impact on cancer progression. In the present study, the regulatory mechanisms of miR-221/222 and its target annexin A3 (ANXA3) in breast cancer cells were investigated. Breast tissue samples were collected to evaluate the expression patterns of miR-221/222 levels in breast cancer cell lines and cancer tissues according to clinical characteristics. The levels of miR-221/222 were increased or decreased in cancer cell lines compared with normal breast cell lines according to cell line subtype. Subsequently, the changes in the progression and invasion of breast cancer cells were investigated using cell proliferation, invasion assay, gap closure and colony formation assays. Western blotting of cell cycle proteins and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the possible pathway of miR-221/222 and ANXA3 axis. Chemosensitivity tests were performed to explore the suitability of the miR-221/222 and ANXA3 axis as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. The expression levels of miR-221/222 were associated with aggressive characteristics of breast cancer subtypes. Cell transfection assay demonstrated the regulation of breast cancer proliferation and invasiveness by miR-221/222. MiR-221/222 directly targeted the 3'-untranslated region of ANXA3 and suppressed the expression of ANXA3 at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, miR-221/222 negatively regulated cell proliferation and the cell cycle pathway in breast cancer cells by targeting ANXA3. In combination with adriamycin, downregulation of ANXA3 may sensitize adriamycin-induced cell death to induction of persistent G2/M and G0/G1 arrest. Decreased expression of ANXA3 through increased expression of miR-221/222 reduced breast cancer progression and increased the effectiveness of the chemotherapy drug. The present results indicated the miR-221/222 and ANXA3 axis to be a possible novel therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd67dca63f6b35bdfc2574fee226ce4d563c17fd

Advancing surgical instrument safety: A screen of oxidative and alkaline prion decontaminants using real-time quaking-induced conversion with prion-coated steel beads as surgical instrument mimetic

PLoS ONE

0aed7a40-85f3-4c66-9e1b-c1556c57001b

Advancing surgical instrument safety: A screen of oxidative and alkaline prion decontaminants using real-time quaking-induced conversion with prion-coated steel beads as surgical instrument mimetic Iatrogenic transmission of prions, the infectious agents of fatal Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, through inefficiently decontaminated medical instruments remains a critical issue. Harsh chemical treatments are effective, but not suited for routine reprocessing of reusable surgical instruments in medical cleaning and disinfection processes due to material incompatibilities. The identification of mild detergents with activity against prions is therefore of high interest but laborious due to the low throughput of traditional assays measuring prion infectivity. Here, we report the establishment of TESSA (sTainlESs steel-bead Seed Amplification assay), a modified real-time quaking induced cyclic amplification (RT-QuIC) assay that explores the propagation activity of prions with stainless steel beads. TESSA was applied for the screening of about 70 different commercially available and novel formulations and conditions for their prion inactivation efficacy. One hypochlorite-based formulation, two commercially available alkaline formulations and a manual alkaline pre-cleaner were found to be highly effective in inactivating prions under conditions simulating automated washer-disinfector cleaning processes. The efficacy of these formulations was confirmed in vivo in a murine prion infectivity bioassay, yielding a reduction of the prion titer for bead surface adsorbed prions below detectability. Our data suggest that TESSA represents an effective method for a rapid screening of prion-inactivating detergents, and that alkaline and oxidative formulations are promising in reducing the risk of potential iatrogenic prion transmission through insufficiently decontaminated instrument surfaces.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/860f0835552c33653b291e0235547a1f6ab4d9b2

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Glycoproteins Differentially Regulate the Activity of Costimulatory Molecules and T Cells

Msphere

402a54fd-b39b-43aa-bfa8-052f6f313616

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Glycoproteins Differentially Regulate the Activity of Costimulatory Molecules and T Cells Currently no effective vaccine is available against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Thus, there is a critical need to develop a safe and effective vaccine to prevent and control HSV infection. The development of such approaches will require an advanced understanding of viral genes. This study provides new evidence supporting an approach to maximize vaccine efficacy by using a combination of HSV genes to control HSV infection. ABSTRACT Over the past 70 years, multiple approaches to develop a prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine to control herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection have failed to protect against primary infection, reactivation, or reinfection. In contrast to many RNA viruses, neither primary HSV infection nor repeated clinical recurrence elicits immune responses capable of completely preventing virus reactivation; yet the 12 known HSV-1 glycoproteins are the major inducers and targets of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses following infection. While costimulatory molecules and CD4/CD8 T cells both contribute significantly to HSV-1-induced immune responses, the specific effects of individual HSV-1 glycoproteins on CD4, CD8, CD80, and CD86 activities are not known. To determine how nine major HSV-1 glycoproteins affect T cells and costimulatory molecule function, we tested the independent effects of gB, gC, gD, gE, gG, gH, gI, gK, and gL on CD4, CD8, CD80, and CD86 promoter activities in vitro. gD, gK, and gL had a suppressive effect on CD4, CD8, CD80, and CD86 promoter activities, while gG and gH specifically suppressed CD4 promoter activity. In contrast, gB, gC, gE, and gI stimulated CD4, CD8, CD80, and CD86 promoter activities. Luminex analysis of splenocytes and bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) transfected with each glycoprotein showed differing cytokine/chemokine milieus with higher responses in splenocytes than in BMDCs. Our results with the tested major HSV-1 glycoproteins suggest that costimulatory molecules and T cell responses to the nine glycoproteins can be divided into (i) stimulators (i.e., gB, gC, gE, and gI), and (ii) nonstimulators (i.e., gD, gK, and gL). Thus, consistent with our previous studies, a cocktail of select HSV-1 viral genes may induce a wider spectrum of immune responses, and thus protection, than individual genes. IMPORTANCE Currently no effective vaccine is available against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Thus, there is a critical need to develop a safe and effective vaccine to prevent and control HSV infection. The development of such approaches will require an advanced understanding of viral genes. This study provides new evidence supporting an approach to maximize vaccine efficacy by using a combination of HSV genes to control HSV infection.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b3962c2ae952440a21da791325d5f942140c69d1

Diels–Alder Adducts of Morphinan-6,8-Dienes and Their Transformations

Molecules

91b19bbf-b6f0-46c2-bbec-6bcfb5463d4d

Diels–Alder Adducts of Morphinan-6,8-Dienes and Their Transformations 6,14-ethenomorphinans are semisynthetic opiate derivatives containing an ethylene bridge between positions 6 and 14 in ring-C of the morphine skeleton that imparts a rigid molecular structure. These compounds represent an important family of opioid receptor ligands in which the 6,14-etheno bridged structural motif originates from a cycloaddition of morphinan-6,8-dienes with dienophiles. Certain 6,14-ethenomorphinans having extremely high affinity for opioid receptors are often non-selective for opioid receptor subtypes, but this view is now undergoing some revision. The agonist 20R-etorphine and 20R-dihydroetorphine are several thousand times more potent analgesics than morphine, whereas diprenorphine is a high-affinity non-selective antagonist. The partial agonist buprenorphine is used as an analgesic in the management of post-operative pain or in substitution therapy for opiate addiction, sometimes in combination with the non-selective antagonist naloxone. In the context of the current opioid crisis, we communicated a summary of several decades of work toward generating opioid analgesics with lesser side effects or abuse potential. Our summary placed a focus on Diels–Alder reactions of morphinan-6,8-dienes and subsequent transformations of the cycloadducts. We also summarized the pharmacological aspects of radiolabeled 6,14-ethenomorphinans used in molecular imaging of opioid receptors.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1d33793dcd569ec4defb1435660e05d709454dab

A Comparison Between Phone-Based Psychotherapy With and Without Text Messaging Support In Between Sessions for Crisis Patients

Journal of Medical Internet Research

2baad992-2268-4c38-9120-e453622f2eeb

A Comparison Between Phone-Based Psychotherapy With and Without Text Messaging Support In Between Sessions for Crisis Patients Background Few studies have tested whether individually tailored text messaging interventions have an effect on clinical outcomes when used to supplement traditional psychotherapy. This is despite the potential to improve outcomes through symptom monitoring, prompts for between-session activities, and psychoeducation. Objective The intent of the study was to explore the use of individually tailored between-session text messaging, or short message service (SMS), as an adjunct to telephone-based psychotherapy for consumers who present to the Emergency Department (ED) in situational and/or emotional crises. Methods Over a 4-month period, two therapists offered 68 prospective consumers of a telephone-based psychotherapy service individually tailored between-session text messaging alongside their telephone-based psychotherapy. Attendance and clinical outcomes (depression, anxiety, functional impairment) of those receiving messages were compared against a historical control group (n=157) who received telephone psychotherapy only. Results A total of 66% (45/68) of the consumers offered SMS accepted the intervention. A total of 432 messages were sent over the course of the trial, the majority involving some kind of psychoeducation or reminders to engage in therapy goals. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between consumers who received the SMS and those in the control group. There was a trend for participants in the intervention group to attend fewer sessions than those in the control group (mean 3.7, SD 1.9 vs mean 4.4, SD 2.3). Conclusions Both groups showed significant improvement over time. Individually tailored SMS were not found to improve clinical outcomes in consumers receiving telephone-based psychotherapy, but the study was underpowered, given the effect sizes noted and the significance level chosen. Given the ease of implementation and positive feedback from therapists and clients, individually tailored text messages should be explored further in future trials with a focus on enhancing the clinical impact of the tailored text messages, and utilizing designs with additional power to test for between-group effects.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bd287faf7c60920884f106568bce27344c703825

A one-day visit of the EEG and EMG/NCV departments during neurology course for medical students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism

3d417059-09ef-4dc8-9564-6f0b558a0ed5

A one-day visit of the EEG and EMG/NCV departments during neurology course for medical students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Dear editor Today, an important part of the patients’ diagnostic activities includes paraclinical tests and procedures, which follow their completed history-taking and clinical examinations, in such a way that many medical science sources in different fields consider them to be follow-up activities of clinical examinations. This is also the case in the field of neurology and many of its specialized subfields. For example, in a patient suspected of seizure and epilepsy, an EEG not only helps to identify the real patient’s problem or disease, but also to diagnose the type of the disease and contributes to decision-making on the type of the drug to use. The EMG/NCV is also necessary for patients with a possible peripheral neuropathic involvement. In most cases, paraclinical activities are performed outside the educational settings, such as in laboratories or special procedure rooms, and students, residents and learners are only informed about the results of those activities without observing how they are actually performed, so they will not learn that diagnostic method and will not gain a deep understanding of it, to the point that they may be unfamiliar with the necessity of doing that even during their practice. This leads in many cases to unnecessary requests or its postponement in essential conditions. Unfortunately, the above-mentioned problem is found among both students and residents. Moreover, we found few appropriate and useful studies in this area due to the learners’ unfamiliarity with this scientific area and their lack of interest and motivation for research in this regard. For the above reasons, the educational deputy of the Neurology Department of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences decided to solve this problem through a new training course. During the above educational process, the sixth year students of medicine in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, who are receiving training during their one-month course of neurology, were divided into groups of six to eight members, and each group, together with a resident, visited the EEG and EMG/NCV departments of Imam Reza Clinic affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences as a tour lasting for a few hours outside the clinical departments and listened to a full description from doctors, personnel and other professionals in these departments. In addition, they closely visited the patients as well as the devices used in these departments. Investigations show that different units of medical education at Iranian universities of medical sciences have regularly been visited, but no periodical and regular visits have been performed as part of a predetermined curriculum. However, a relatively similar study conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2017 reported that holding a short-term (one day and a half) practical laboratory training course could significantly increase the students’ experience and training (1). Other published studies have been in the form of short-term training courses in the laboratory or pathological sciences rather than one-or-two-day visits. However, these studies are similar to our educational process in that both are held during a short term with the aim of the students’ further familiarity and readiness. For example, a study was conducted on fourth-year medical students, in which a one-and-a-half-day course was designed to familiarize the students with paraclinical methods and help them gain experience in this regard. The results of this study showed that this one-day course was a great incentive for the training of some selected parts of medical education (2). Another study was carried out in 1987 on medical students, showing that the students’ preliminary familiarity with the clinical stages can be very effective if these stages are held in short terms, in small groups, and with a focus on basic issues (3). The Neurology Department of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences hopes to achieve the following goals by implementing the abovementioned training course: 1. Understanding of the above-mentioned processes better by attending the patients’ bedside and observing the processes closely, 2. Familiarizing the students with the reasons for requesting each of the two above-mentioned procedures to prevent unnecessary requests during the future years of practice, 3. Motivating and encouraging the students to study the related subjects better and more accurately, 4. Encouraging the students to do research in each of the two above-mentioned areas, 5. Familiarizing the students with the difficulty of work and possible problems when doing the above-mentioned investigations and taking them into consideration in future years of practice, and 6. Familiarizing them with the personnel and using their experiences.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/21446fadb6a278e241c61a1341312d97df6608c9

Clinico-Radiological Perspectives of Pycnodysostosis – A Rare Case Series

Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences

78f0693c-2254-425e-9816-0af30e467821

Clinico-Radiological Perspectives of Pycnodysostosis – A Rare Case Series ABSTRACT Pycnodysostosis is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder characterized by dysplasia of the skeletal system. It occurs in any human races with no disparity in gender or age predilection. The disease is diagnosed at a young age owing to the frequent fragile bone fractures. Craniofacial and dental manifestations may overlap with those of other craniofacial dysostosis; therefore, precise knowledge is essential in differential diagnosis as it may affect the treatment outcome. Here, we report three cases with typical clinical and radiological features, among which one presented with osteomyelitis of the mandible.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc3cf0b1a47ae1bd1e5a4f64094509e41c9c3dd0

Clonal Distribution and Virulence of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates in Blood

Emerging Infectious Diseases

59a1832b-4bac-4b66-a0fc-1c8d201d95aa

Clonal Distribution and Virulence of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates in Blood Campylobacter jejuni bacteria are highly diverse enteropathogens. Seventy-three C. jejuni isolates from blood collected in Finland were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing and serum resistance. Approximately half of the isolates belonged to the otherwise uncommon sequence type 677 clonal complex. Isolates of this clonal complex were more resistant than other isolates to human serum.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/224a1a26bfabca717d37a915e7f3cb4f6061e545

A Saccade Based Framework for Real-Time Motion Segmentation Using Event Based Vision Sensors

Frontiers in Neuroscience

2ca4279c-8ed7-4280-8022-09e577923a09

A Saccade Based Framework for Real-Time Motion Segmentation Using Event Based Vision Sensors Motion segmentation is a critical pre-processing step for autonomous robotic systems to facilitate tracking of moving objects in cluttered environments. Event based sensors are low power analog devices that represent a scene by means of asynchronous information updates of only the dynamic details at high temporal resolution and, hence, require significantly less calculations. However, motion segmentation using spatiotemporal data is a challenging task due to data asynchrony. Prior approaches for object tracking using neuromorphic sensors perform well while the sensor is static or a known model of the object to be followed is available. To address these limitations, in this paper we develop a technique for generalized motion segmentation based on spatial statistics across time frames. First, we create micromotion on the platform to facilitate the separation of static and dynamic elements of a scene, inspired by human saccadic eye movements. Second, we introduce the concept of spike-groups as a methodology to partition spatio-temporal event groups, which facilitates computation of scene statistics and characterize objects in it. Experimental results show that our algorithm is able to classify dynamic objects with a moving camera with maximum accuracy of 92%.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2352983edf71c171e23d31929e550199ced20a02

Vesicovaginal fistula: An unusual complication of laparoscopic assisted nephroureterectomy

Journal of Minimal Access Surgery

810ce2f6-8686-44e4-9825-209870d60a0d

Vesicovaginal fistula: An unusual complication of laparoscopic assisted nephroureterectomy We report a case of vesicovaginal fistula in 71-year-old lady who had previously undergone a lapascopic assisted nephroureterectomy for transitional cell carcinoma in her right ureter and kidney. The surgery was uncomplicated with no post-operative problems and was discharged on day on seven. She later presented five weeks following the initial operation with signs and symptoms suggestive of a vesicovaginal fistula, which was confirmed on cystogram and flexible cystosopy. She proceeded to have an abdominal (O'Connor's) repair of the fistula together with cystodiathermy for a few superficial bladder recurrences. The area of the fistula (within the bladder) was noted to be tumour free. She had an uneventful post-operative recovery and was discharged from hospital on day 11. At six month follow-up, there was another superficial recurrence in the bladder that was resected, with no sign of fistula.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6721de53505698c3eb63312e459cff1de3fc84e4

Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Surgery – Cardiothoracic Surgery

Ulster medical journal

aa6d27d0-f046-4ee6-af2c-460c46a888d0

Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Surgery – Cardiothoracic Surgery Reading this handbook of " Cardiothoracic " surgery, I am reminded of the Peter Cook & Dudley Moore sketch about the one legged man auditioning for the role of Tarzan: " I love your right leg … I have nothing against your right leg … unfortunately neither do you! " Well, I have nothing against the cardiac surgery side of this book, it is excellent. Unfortunately the Thoracic component is almost non-existent. There are 769 pages in the book: 620 cover the 5 operations that Cardiac surgeons perform and the other 149 cover the 105 operations Thoracic surgeons do on a regular basis. This is hardly a criticism of the authors as it rather accurately reflects the knowledge and practice of " Cardiothoracic " surgery in these islands. I understand that to cover Thoracic in detail, as the authors have done for Cardiac surgery in this text, would take a number of thousands of pages and they would have had to acknowledge at least one recognised practitioner of general Thoracic surgery. In 149 pages they could only be expected to provide a book of lists and that is what they have done. The lists look like they have come from an aging text on Thoracic surgery. Some of the items are clearly wrong and many more are misleading. The Cardiac portion is well organised, logical and provides an excellent basis for a senior house officer to begin his Cardiac surgical training. It has excellent descriptions of physiology, anatomy and pathology, surgical knots, how to harvest veins, how to do very complex Cardiac surgery. It even has quite a section on the somewhat avant-garde techniques of minimally invasive Cardiac surgery. Unfortunately there are a number of inaccuracies in the cardiac section, some trivial but others potentially fatal. For the next edition, the authors would be well advised to take feedback from practising registrars to correct the inaccuracies in Cardiac surgery and to take a guillotine at page 620 and cut out any reference to Thoracic surgery altogether. They would then have an excellent handbook on Cardiac surgery for a junior doctor taking up a post in that sub-speciality. Clinical genetics is a relatively young speciality dealing with genetic disorders of all organ systems affecting all age groups. To say writing a comprehensive and useful book for clinical geneticists is a Herculean task is like stating the obvious. The authors of Oxford …

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dcb6f3f3f6ea07482c381614507218763f001653

Editorial Medicine and Media

Materia socio-medica

3aea9f43-9b4a-44a0-b3d4-1133fcc5e0ca

Editorial Medicine and Media In Mostar, at the Hotel Ero, on December 4th 2009 by the Medical Chamber of Herzegovina - Neretva Canton, was organized the symposium on “Medicine and Media.” At the symposium was presented 13 papers divided into two sessions. Papers were multidisciplinary in character and exhibitors were from several faculties of the University in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is the first time in Bosnia and Herzegovina that on one place meet and exchange their opinions teachers, researchers and professionals of several disciplines that deal with topics from medicine and the media - two important areas in the life of every man, which are in daily contact and mutual dependence.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ecb57e454ba0a5622a2ddd6df6ca307baf1b95c2

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Complicating treatment of ESBL UTI

Advanced Biomedical Research

556112e9-9135-4a0a-a8e2-321bc114c563

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Complicating treatment of ESBL UTI Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a gram-negative bacillus emerging as an opportunistic, nosocomial pathogen associated with a high mortality rate. The organism has been shown to survive several biocides used in the hospital setting. Hospital water sources can serve as a reservoir for S. maltophilia. The transmission of S. maltophilia to susceptible individuals may occur through direct contact with the source or through the hands of health care personnel. S. maltophilia is usually resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and antipseudomonal penicillins. These microorganisms are intrinsically resistant to carbapenems, and exposure to these agents has been linked to selection of S. maltophilia. There have also been reports of the organism developing resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), which was initially considered as the drug of choice for S. maltophillia infections. We describe a case of nosocomial urinary tract infection (UTI) due to S. maltophilia in a diabetic patient, which the patient developed during treatment with meropenem for UTI due to Klebsiella pneumonia that was resistant to TMP-SMX.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8a1eae82918f1eafd5861a6435c3079a2a41b0f3

When do you not listen to your doctor

The Pan African Medical Journal

b87a44cb-04f4-4082-a1df-7484b9574974

When do you not listen to your doctor Gout is a disease caused by an inflammatory response to crystals of sodium monourate, which occurs in people with elevated uric acid levels. There are acute and chronic forms. Acute forms arise as sudden, self-limiting bouts of arthritis (swelling, flushing, pain and heat of a joint), while chronic forms result in the deposition of crystal aggregates in and around the joints, with progressive joint destruction. In addition to joint manifestations, uric gout has renal manifestations (kidney stones and renal insufficiency) and metabolic manifestations (hypertension, elevated triglycerides). Patients are often obese, have high alcohol consumption and insulin resistance. It is a very painful and disabling illness. Gout is more common in men and usually begins in the 40's and 60's. Analytically the patient had uric acid values of 10.2 mg/dL (2.0-7.0 mg/dL) despite being daily medicated with alopurinol 300mg for more than 5 years. It has an abnormality of fasting glycemia and triglycerides of 305 mg/dl. However it maintains consumptions of alcohol and a diet rich in meat, seafood and fats. He did not diet to lose weight and sometimes he does not take the medication (alopurinol). He already shows involvement and destruction of the joints and deformation on the feet and the hand that currently prevent him from fulfilling the necessary safety norms in his profession.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5e39b1fbec024bd629ba3d204a64059a8c3ce47f

CHIROPRACTIC & OSTEOPATHY AT THE CROSSROADS

COMSIG review

CHIROPRACTIC & OSTEOPATHY AT THE CROSSROADS There is no abstract available for this article.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e36b6971c24c661ac9b89a2d92f704c07468186c

Examining Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Stigma Among Health Care Workers Toward the Development of a Stigma-Reduction Intervention: Protocol for a Scoping Review

JMIR Research Protocols

278131df-030d-4e6c-b083-d57f3b740dc4

Examining Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Stigma Among Health Care Workers Toward the Development of a Stigma-Reduction Intervention: Protocol for a Scoping Review Background Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) is an increasing threat to human health and economic security worldwide. Exacerbating the severity of DRTB is the low rate of service delivery, leading to increased community transmission of the disease, further amplified by stigma. Health workers are on the front line of service delivery; their efforts in all areas of disease control are suspected of having resulted in stigmatization, impacting patient-centered care. As a growing concern, attention to addressing the DRTB stigma confronting health workers is required. However, little is known about stigma among health workers delivering services to patients with DRTB. This scoping review will provide an overview that could help inform appropriate responses toward stigma-reduction interventions for these health workers. Objective This scoping review protocol articulates a methodology that will examine the facets of DRTB-related stigma confronting health workers in high TB- and DRTB-burdened countries. This scoping review will (1) summarize stigma barriers and facilitators contributing to stigmatization among health workers delivering services to patients with DRTB, (2) identify the most common stigma barrier and facilitator, and (3) summarize the stigma-reduction intervention recommendations in the studies. Methods Guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the recommendations of Munn et al, we will conduct a scoping review of relevant literature providing evidence of DRTB-related stigma among health workers from countries with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and DRTB. We will search published articles written in English from 2010 onward in electronic databases using Medical Subject Headings and keywords. Our search will apply a 3-step search strategy and use software tools to manage references and facilitate the entire scoping review process. The findings of our review will be presented following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews checklist. Our study is registered with Open Science Framework Registries. Results This scoping review is part of a bigger project that will critically investigate stigma among health workers delivering services to patients resistant to TB medications. This study began in November 2021 and is expected to finish in 2023. The study has retrieved 593 abstracts out of 12,138 articles searched since February 2022 from the identified databases. The findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusions This review will provide an outline of the aspects of DRTB-related stigma confronting health workers. The findings of this review could help inform appropriate responses toward stigma-reduction interventions for these health workers. This is significant because interventions addressing related TB (and DRTB) stigma in the workplace are lacking. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/43084

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/61929f611d8c728b864c03ff63efcccd289d7937

Text-Book of the Principles and Practice of Medicine

Glasgow medical journal

cd716251-f81d-4522-b18d-326a397023cd

Text-Book of the Principles and Practice of Medicine Immediately on its publication in January, 1886, the first edition of Fagge's Practice of Medicine took its place by universal consent as a standard work of the first rank. This position it has since maintained, and of this there could be no better proof than the appearance of the third edition of this very large and expensive work within the comparatively short period of five years. It is impossible to give anything like

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c48836679b7626040580f8e51bb7f71abe360d7c

Perspectives on the Children’s Health Collection 2015

Environmental Health Perspectives

74dbb751-54d9-4be5-baa6-52a5e58ea8dd

Perspectives on the Children’s Health Collection 2015 EHP’s sixth annual Children’s Health Collection, now online at , compiles a year’s worth of research, commentary, and news published from October 2014 through September 2015. From the negative health effects of chemical, physical, and social hazards to the benefits of living in a healthy environment—both natural and built—the Collection tells the story of where we are today and points to the important work that lies ahead. It offers something for everyone concerned about children’s environmental health—researchers, regulators, advocates, health care providers, policy makers, educators, community developers, and parents—and we encourage you to download and share it. Reflecting upon the latest Collection, we are struck by how quickly the field of children’s environmental health is expanding and evolving, leading to a far more holistic understanding of how diverse environmental factors contribute to a child’s growth and development, from before birth through childhood and into adulthood. We are coming to appreciate the value of research designed to integrate children’s environmental exposures and health determinants across scales, starting with individual- and family-level factors (e.g., what we eat, the products we use, whether to breastfeed or rely on formula), and extending outward to consider community factors (e.g., proximity to pollution sources, access to fresh food and safe outdoor areas, local air and water quality in both urban and rural settings), and, finally, to national and global factors (e.g., climate change and its diverse ramifications for children’s health). We have long appreciated that the most vulnerable children are often those living in the communities most in need of environmental intervention, but we have lacked effective, coordinated means to fix the problem. Now, with increased attention on community factors that contribute to children’s health and well-being, we are realizing that effective environmental and public health intervention requires the collaborative efforts of decision makers across all sectors of society. Therefore, we need research to inform governmental sectors that act to prevent exposures and risks and to preserve natural environments, commercial sectors that design and repair the built environment and provide safe products, and public health sectors that create policy to prevent and treat childhood diseases. Recent articles focusing on multiple consequences of fracking, the complexity of indoor air pollution, the benefits of walkability in neighborhoods and access to green and blue spaces with respect to reducing obesity and improving neurobehavioral function in children, and how climate change may affect asthma risks illustrate the importance of decisions about the built and natural environments beyond those designed to reduce chemical exposures. This year’s Collection includes numerous reports based on cohort studies and surveys from around the globe. These involve pregnant women and children in Canada, Mexico, Costa Rica, Brazil, Korea, China, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Tanzania, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, France, Spain, Switzerland, England, Greece, and Yugoslavia, as well as in the United States. Some of these studies, including those under way in the Children’s Environmental and Disease Prevention Research Program funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA 2015), are longitudinal in nature: They follow children from before birth through early childhood and into school age and adolescence. These and other longitudinal studies are finding associations between early-life exposures and a wide variety of adverse health outcomes, from birth defects and low birth weight to asthma, childhood cancer, neurodevelopmental problems (e.g., autism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, impaired cognitive function), and metabolic problems associated with obesity (e.g., hypertension, diabetes). Comparing the latest EHP Children’s Health Collection with past Collections, we see a noteworthy transition from an emphasis on a single chemical as it relates to a single disease outcome, to a broader analysis of complex exposures (e.g., measuring multiple chemicals, evaluating both chemical and social stressors) in association with multiple disease outcomes. For example, recent research related to neurodevelopment continues existing lines of research on the adverse effects of metals while expanding to consider effects of cigarette smoke, air pollution, pesticides, phthalates, perfluorinated compounds, and/or organochlorines. Furthermore, given the growing problem of childhood obesity, recent papers have sought associations between a wide range of environmental contaminants and measures of body weight, growth, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. We also see emerging interest in how placental function may modulate fetal exposures, and how social and behavioral factors (including diet), as well as the child’s microbiome, may influence childhood exposures and responses. As children in cohort studies age, researchers will be able to analyze how cumulative exposures to multiple chemicals and other stressors, both during critical windows of development and collectively, contribute to children’s health as it changes across the life course. Studies in the 2015 Collection, as in years past, evaluated biomarkers in pregnant women and children, not only in the context of identifying avenues for early-life exposures, but also for characterizing molecular initiating events operating on one or more critical developmental processes in the pathway toward disease. For example, several studies reported changes in DNA methylation of specific genes in association with exposures to metals and cigarette smoke during early development. In addition to increased attention on epigenetic mechanisms of disease causation, we see continued focus on endocrine-mediated developmental effects, and oxidative stress as a common pathway to childhood disease. Biomonitoring data from national surveys and cohort studies, combined with advances in analytical chemistry, continue to define the maternal and child exposome (the totality of environmental exposures over the life course). The plethora of biomonitoring data, in turn, requires more sophisticated approaches for interrogation and analysis. In response, the children’s environmental health community is calling for international cooperation to build human exposure databases and combine biomarker studies. The ESCAPE (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) (ESCAPE 2014) and NewGeneris (CREAL 2011) programs are combining birth cohorts from across Europe and working toward harmonized data collection and sample processing. This approach not only increases statistical power to detect associations, but also shows how exposures vary from country to country. Related efforts in the United States are under way in the Children’s Health Exposure Analysis Resource (CHEAR) program (NIEHS 2015), which is designed to provide tools for comprehensive children’s exposure assessment and data analysis, and through a new National Institutes of Health initiative called Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) (Schmidt 2015), which is designed to support longitudinal birth cohorts, build data and tissue repositories, and develop better analytical tools. Thus, the year ahead holds great promise for new research, and we invite you to submit your best manuscripts to EHP. Looking ahead to our preparations for the Children’s Health Collection 2016, we also welcome your suggestions for making its presentation ever more informative and useful.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/809fecf0637ab56ba698b297e15517efe0fdcfaa

Positive 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT with negative 131I- metaiodobenzylguanidine scan in a case of Glomus Jugulare

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism

cfd9522e-2624-4414-9d67-f244665feb24

Positive 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT with negative 131I- metaiodobenzylguanidine scan in a case of Glomus Jugulare Liver biopsy in the setting of Mauriac syndrome demonstrates steatosis and glycogen deposition, although findings can vary in presentation. Poor T1DM control leads to fatty acid transport to the liver due to hyperglycemia and low insulin levels, which causes hepatomegaly and characteristic liver biopsy fi ndings. These fi ndings reverse with improved glycemic control. Liver biopsy may be warranted in any patient with T1DM and positive autoimmune markers in order to rule out autoimmune hepatitis. The hepatomegaly seen in Mauriac syndrome is not seen in newly diagnosed patients who have been severely insulin defi cient because it appears that periods of supraphysiologic insulin levels are associated with the hepatomegaly. Hypertension has never been reported in any of the previous cases of Mauriac syndrome, and, in our case, may be secondary to overt diabetic nephropathy.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/71832ac3b83845448a2af529e9b55f203ff448f5

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Metabolites in 2016

Metabolites

2c60bff9-794b-484c-83ab-9212eff9fc5a

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Metabolites in 2016 The editors of Metabolites would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016. .

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/674601b82ee8d40a47d2a2adc00f95c719e85332

Candida Parapsilosis and Candida Guillermondii: Emerging Pathogens in Nail Candidiasis

Indian Journal of Dermatology

9dfbd503-d104-4952-88dc-462e8ce2e5c2

Candida Parapsilosis and Candida Guillermondii: Emerging Pathogens in Nail Candidiasis Background: Onychomycosis of the fingernails and toenails is generally caused by dermatophytes and yeasts. Toenail mycoses involve mainly dermatophytes but when Candida is also involved, the strain most commonly isolated worldwide is C. albicans. Aims: To determine Candida strains prevailing in onychomycosis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational and descriptive study of fungal cultures retrieved from the registry of the microbiology laboratory of the Pontificia Universidad Católica was performed. Specimens obtained from patients attending the healthcare network between December 2007 and December 2010 was analyzed. Statistical Analysis: A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: Candida was retrieved from 467 of 8443 specimens (52% fingernails and 48% toenails). Cultures were negative in 5320 specimens (63.6%). Among Candida-positive cultures, parapsilosis was the most commonly isolated strain with 202 cases (43.3%). While isolates of Candida guillermondii were 113 (24.2%), those of Candida albicans were 110 (23.6%), those of spp. were 20 (4.3%) and there were 22 cases of other isolates (4.71%). Among the 467 patients with positive cultures for Candida, 136 (29,1%) were men and 331 (70,9%) were women. All patients were older than 18 years old. Clinical files were available for only 169 of the 467 patients with positive cultures for Candida. For those, age, gender, underlying illnesses and use of immunossupresive agents during the trial was reviewed. Conclusions: The present study shows that both C. parapsilosis as well as C. guillermondii appear as emerging pathogens that would be in fact taking the place of C. albicans as the most commonly isolated pathogen in patients with Candida onychomycosis. The relative percentage of C parapsilosis increases every year. Identification of Candida strains as etiological agents of nail candidiasis becomes relevant to the management both nail as well as systemic candidiasis, in view of the resistance to conventional treatments readily reported in the literature.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/201cb7187dec61f03b06a8989ffb55867827e793

The effect of vitamin C on morphine self-administration in rats

Advanced Biomedical Research

556112e9-9135-4a0a-a8e2-321bc114c563

The effect of vitamin C on morphine self-administration in rats Background: Recent studies have shown that addiction may be caused by abnormality of neurotransmission in the brain. Two neurotransmitters that involve into morphine addiction are dopamine and glutamate. The glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems are also involved in morphine tolerance and morphine withdrawal syndrome signs. Ascorbic acid (AA), as the antioxidant releases from the glutamatergic neurons, modulates the action of the dopamine and glutamate systems. In this study, the effect of AA on morphine self-administration and morphine withdrawal symptoms has been investigated. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (250 - 300g) were anesthetized with ketamine (11%) and xailazine (15%). The cannula was inserted into the right jugular vein, and it was fixed subcutaneously on the skull. After surgery the animals were placed in individual home cages, and they were allowed to recover from the operation for five days, before the test. The animals were subjected to self-administration morphine for12 consecutive days, two-hour/sessions. The number of infusions and number of active and passive lever pressings were recorded. Results: An intra peritoneal injection of Ascorbic acid (AA) (400 mg/kg, i.p.), 30 minutes before morphine self-administration, produced a significant decrease in 12 days self-administration of morphine and withdrawal syndrome signs (P < 0.05).The morphine withdrawal signs (MWS) were recorded after naloxone precipitation, which decreased significantly with the injection of AA (400,700mg/kg), (<0.05). The number of self-infusions and the number of active lever pressings had significantly decreased after AA injection (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The chronic administration of AA may prevent the development of tolerance and physical dependence on morphine self-administration via the glutamatergic system.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32147565baf17d27b00b8e67f4aa4a4a61cae3e4

Autoimmune thyroid disease and myasthenia gravis: a study bidirectional Mendelian randomization

Frontiers in Endocrinology

baea33cc-0a71-4b2a-9f01-5071f7b1abc9

Autoimmune thyroid disease and myasthenia gravis: a study bidirectional Mendelian randomization Background Previous studies have suggested a potential association between AITD and MG, but the evidence is limited and controversial, and the exact causal relationship remains uncertain. Objective Therefore, we employed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between AITD and MG. Methods To explore the interplay between AITD and MG, We conducted MR studies utilizing GWAS-based summary statistics in the European ancestry. Several techniques were used to ensure the stability of the causal effect, such as random-effect inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO. Heterogeneity was evaluated by calculating Cochran’s Q value. Moreover, the presence of horizontal pleiotropy was investigated through MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO Results The IVW method indicates a causal relationship between both GD(OR 1.31,95%CI 1.08 to 1.60,P=0.005) and autoimmune hypothyroidism (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.47, P =0.002) with MG. However, there is no association found between FT4(OR 0.88,95%CI 0.65 to 1.18,P=0.406), TPOAb(OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.86 to 2.07, P =0.186), TSH(OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.77 to 1.23, P =0.846), and MG. The reverse MR analysis reveals a causal relationship between MG and GD(OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.98, P =3.57e-3), with stable results. On the other hand, there is a significant association with autoimmune hypothyroidism(OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.59, P =0.019), but it is considered unstable due to the influence of horizontal pleiotropy (MR PRESSO Distortion Test P < 0.001). MG has a higher prevalence of TPOAb(OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.42, P =1.47e-5) positivity and may be linked to elevated TSH levels(Beta:0.08,95% CI:0.01 to 0.14,P =0.011), while there is no correlation between MG and FT4(Beta:-9.03e-3,95% CI:-0.07 to 0.05,P =0.796). Conclusion AITD patients are more susceptible to developing MG, and MG patients also have a higher incidence of GD.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3123c29d7577f6dd427dcb6e4ffca25bde6ddc81

ERRATUM: Corrected Figure Legend: Stroke Genetics: A Review and Update

Journal of Stroke

27b8e2a4-31d3-4fdb-bb8c-092293951bb7

ERRATUM: Corrected Figure Legend: Stroke Genetics: A Review and Update .

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ab9f3a4be6439ea64a70a304df9fd03419fce3e

Hospital and Institutional News

The Hospital

965d752e-3d99-47a6-bf0f-de96ba26b1f3

Hospital and Institutional News The General Medical Council, which was requested by the Minister of National Service to make a periodical census of the students' actually attending the medical schools of the United Kingdom, has provided lists for January 1917, October 1917, and May 1918. In January 1917, 6,682 medical students were in training. In October last year this number had risen to 7,048, and by May last the total reached 7,630. Of these two-thirds are men and one-third women. Latterly, of course, the proportion of women students has increased. The number of first-year men in May was nearly 1,400, and if they duly qualify in 1922 the nominal

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bc393f33a41fc25bbafcccddcb658e90a59f864a

Ethics in Transplantation

West of England medical journal

56b48015-3e52-4282-b8ec-2fa3eb9fccd3

Ethics in Transplantation The basic reason why ethical problems have arisen in transplantation surgery is because a series of treatments have been established which are at best lifesaving and at the very worst, totally transform the lives of those who receive a graft. The kidney was the first vascularised organ to be successfully transplanted in the 1950's and the evolution of renal transplantation since then has been partly due to the efficacy of first haemodialysis and then continuous amulatory peritoneal dialysis which allowed patients in renal failure to be kept alive until such time as a suitable graft became available. In the last ten years similarly successful programmes of liver, heart, and heart/lung transplantation have become established. ORGAN PRESERVATION It is now possible, by simple cold storage, to keep a kidney viable for 48 hours, a liver for around 20 hours, a heart for six hours, and a lung for four hours. This preservation time allows an organ to be retrieved from a donor dying at some distance from the centre in which it will be transplanted and, in the case of kidneys in particular, for the donor kidneys to be transported to the best recipient within the United Kingdom. Evolving from this ability to preserve organs is an extensive network of sharing of transplantable organs between Transplant Centres within the United Kingdom. Good kidneys transplanted into good recipients will produce graft survival rates in excess of 80% at one year. The same survival can be expected for heart recipients and liver recipients and perhaps a little less for heart/lung recipients. Successful transplantation in good recipients has led to attempts to transplant patients who, a few years ago, would not have been considered. In renal transplantation, children and infants are regularly transplanted and people in their 70's are not disbarred from receiving a graft if otherwise reasonably fit. The upper age limit for heart and liver recipients keeps increasing. This relaxation of the criteria for accepting a potential recpient has increased the recipient pool and widened the gap between recipient need and donor supply. Recipient demand can sometimes lead to use of donors who are not ideal. IMMUNE SUPPRESSIVE AGENTS Modern immune suppression using cyclosporin, azathioprine, steroids, antithymocyte globulin, and monoclonal antibodies in varying combinations and sequences has produced a series of powerful weapons against the immune response so that a recipient's immune system can usually be suppressed sufficiently to allow retention of …

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b4db2208d4452840d88bdfb626018ab33d94800f

Paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor with histological features of IgG4-related disease: two case reports and review of the literature

Gland surgery

58e8934d-5c25-47a2-9e18-d7102a9f791e

Paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor with histological features of IgG4-related disease: two case reports and review of the literature Background Paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor (PFP) is a rare intrascrotal benign fibrous mass of uncertain aetiology, usually arising between testicular tunica layers and is supposed to be related to inflammatory reactive conditions. Because of morphological similarities to IgG4-related sclerosing fibro-inflammatory lesions, some authors recently postulated that PFP might belong to the IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) family. Considering the rarity of this lesion, only few cases have been reported in literature about the correlation between IgG4-RD and PFP. Management of PFP could be extremely challenging: due to the lack of typical clinical signs and the non-specific radiological characteristics, misapprehension does occur in the majority of cases, mainly because these intrascrotal mass may mimic testicular neoplasm, therefore leading to radical orchidectomy rather than a desirable testis-sparing surgery. Case Description Herein we report two cases of young males treated for PFP with histological feature of IgG4-RD. Patients underwent testicular sparing surgery. At 2-year follow-up no evidence of local or distant relapse nor testicular disorder was observed in both patients. An up-to-date review of the literature about the correlation between PFP and the IgG4-RD was carried out. Conclusions PFP is an extremely rare condition with uncertain etiology being part of IgG4-RD family. Preoperative imaging mimics malignancy hence diagnosis is usually made by specimen analysis. Intraoperative frozen section is fundamental in order to guarantee conservative treatment that is feasible and safe after mid-term follow-up.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d26d0c501312603e23732d40e059f2c29d158c41

SkIndia Quiz 14: Solitary painful skin-colored nodule over the chest

Indian Dermatology Online Journal

a00eafe0-bf80-4a05-8d6a-d20b0546cae4

SkIndia Quiz 14: Solitary painful skin-colored nodule over the chest A 25-year-old gentleman presented with a solitary painful mass on the right side of the lower chest for 3 years. There was no itching or history of bleeding from the lesion, neither any history of local trauma or other associated lesions. His past history and family history was unremarkable. On examination, a solitary, sharply demarcated, skin-colored, 0.5 × 1.5 cm, tender small nodule, soft-to-fi rm in consistency with smooth surface was found . His general and systemic examination was normal with no lymphadenopathy. Histopathological examination was done. Under low power , single sharply defi ned bluish lobulated mass in the dermis was appreciated. Higher magnifi cation image showed intertwining epithelial cords. In addition, masses composed of granular eosinophilic material lined by two varieties of cells was also found. The cells close to center of the lobule comprised of large pale-colored nuclei and those toward the periphery had small darker nuclei.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a25eec5e986e9f7b8a141719144ca5b1b6c4e735

Disease perception of Moroccan immigrants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative study

International Journal of Integrated Care

8e7e3729-41b2-4c75-bdc7-7d1bb8827c4e

Disease perception of Moroccan immigrants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative study Background This abstract is a report of a qualitative study, in which the disease perception of the first generation of Moroccan immigrants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the prime subject. The purpose of this research project was to develop insight into the role of culture and background in relation to disease perception and the possible relation between disease perception and Health Behaviour. Methodology A qualitative research project with a micro-ethnographic approach was chosen. To show the perspective of the respondents to its full advantage, in-depth interviews have been used. The respondents who participated were eight Moroccan men, who came to The Netherlands in the late 1960s and early 1970s to work here. They left their families behind in their home country. Results It was found that Moroccan males usually reason from their own health perspective when they speak about being ill. Health, for the Moroccan men, means the presence of the following positive factors: sleeping well, having enough energy, feeling strong and being able to work. They would rather talk about health than about disease. The research results also reveal that the way that these Moroccan men undergo their sickness is based upon their past experience and their feeling. This can be a physical or mental feeling but often goes together. They know their own body well and their cultural background and by nature they know from their native country, but also from the Koran, what is good for them and what they can do to prevent disease. They distinguish between chronic disease and acute disease. When there is chronic disease, they acquiesce to it, when there is acute disease, they do not rest until an explanation has been found. Being ill has a purpose for them and is not senseless; it is a test from Allah. That does not alter the fact that the trying-out of different therapies, as well as the distraction and hope for the best, play a positive part in their disease perception. Conclusion The conclusion can be made that they feel the final responsibility for their disease and go through an inner process of making a conscious choice between what is good and what is not good for them. Qualitative research about inner processes is necessary in relation to the search for the highest possible quality of life to determine if these processes are culture related? More qualitative research is necessary about disease perception of older generations within different cultures including the Dutch.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f16be33cf1cfa06dd567c6cd7bbd2a402d5cde50

Characterization of Tinnitus in Different Age Groups: A Retrospective Review

Noise and Health

1e089ba0-8bed-4bc0-a768-738800fe9153

Characterization of Tinnitus in Different Age Groups: A Retrospective Review Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize tinnitus in affected patients. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records from 470 consecutive patients who visited a tertiary care hospital for evaluation of chronic subjective tinnitus between January 2009 and June 2010 was performed. Patients were divided into three subgroups based on age. Clinical, audiological, and psychological characteristics of each subgroup were analyzed. Results: Of the 470 patients evaluated, 85 were less than 40, 217 between 40 and 60, and 168 above 60 years of age. Most patients were men and complained of unilateral, acute high-pitched tinnitus. Most patients above the age of 40 years complained of loud and annoying tinnitus and had worse stress and severity scores. Conclusions: Chronic tinnitus in older adults is subjectively louder, more annoying, and more distressing than that found in younger patients. We recommend considering age in the patient management plan.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03130f3f21313261bd8b2d63ac14340b3754c4ae

M2 macrophage infusion ameliorates diabetic glomerulopathy via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in db/db mice.

Renal Failure

99749448-2e3e-45eb-9117-e717779df66f

M2 macrophage infusion ameliorates diabetic glomerulopathy via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in db/db mice. Abstract Objectives: To explore the therapeutic effects of M2 macrophages in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and their mechanism.Methods: We infused M2 macrophages stimulated with IL-4 into 10-week-old db/db mice once a week for 4 weeks through the tail vein as M2 group. Then we investigated the role of M2 macrophages in alleviating the infammation of DN and explored the mechanism.Results: M2 macrophages hindered the progression of DN, reduced the levels of IL-1β (DN group was 34%, M2 group was 13%, p < 0.01) and MCP-1 (DN group was 49%, M2 group was 16%, p < 0.01) in the glomeruli. It was also proven that M2 macrophages alleviate mesangial cell injury caused by a high glucose environment. M2 macrophage tracking showed that the infused M2 macrophages migrated to the kidney, and the number of M2 macrophages in the kidney reached a maximum on day 3. Moreover, the ratio of M2 to M1 macrophages was 2.3 in the M2 infusion group, while 0.4 in the DN group (p < 0.01). Mechanistically, M2 macrophages downregulated Janus kinase (JAK) 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 in mesangial cells.Conclusions: Multiple infusions of M2 macrophages significantly alleviated inflammation in the kidney and hindered the progression of DN at least partially by abrogating the M1/M2 homeostasis disturbances and suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in glomerular mesangial cells. M2 macrophage infusion may be a new therapeutic strategy for DN treatment.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0e1935943af8bbef6b0227f7db206e0bd5077acd

The effect of transportation vibration on the microbiological status of bottled mineral water

The Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

d2e9acbd-4bc7-4ff8-ba10-2cd724d92173

The effect of transportation vibration on the microbiological status of bottled mineral water Abstract BACKGROUND Microbiological status and stability are important in mineral waters because of increased global demand. An increase in distribution and supply chains has led to prolonged periods of transportation, causing microbiological changes. Therefore, this study examines the effect of vibration on mineral water quality. Freshly bottled and previously sterilized mineral waters inoculated with microbes isolated from freshly bottled water were tested. The water samples were exposed to random vibration using ASTM (D4169) truck level I, II and III standard vibration protocol for truck transportation at 4 × 1 h at 22 ± 1 °C. After agitation their microbiological status was determined. RESULTS Under the influence of low‐intensity mechanical impact, the growth rate of autochthonous species in the freshly bottled natural mineral water tripled (μ control = 0.036 h−1, μ vibrated = 0.093 h−1) and that of allochthonous species doubled (μ control = 0.035 h−1, μ vibrated = 0.069 h−1). The latter was also observed in the case of high‐intensity vibration (μ control = 0.102 h−1, μ vibrated = 0.200 h−1). The effect of the medium intensity of the standard was manifested in the delay in microbial growth. CONCLUSION The impact of transportation vibrations on microbiological status changes in mineral water could be observed when subjected to vibration. The native and allochthonous species of mineral water respond differently to changes in intensity. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0fbbce2d308e3773edc740b7bf2d2facceb9a377

GIANT PITYRIASIS ROSEA

Indian Journal of Dermatology

9dfbd503-d104-4952-88dc-462e8ce2e5c2

GIANT PITYRIASIS ROSEA Pityriasis rosea is a frequent papulo-squamous disease and is known for various atypical clinical presentations. We report an adult female patient with a clinical diagnosis of giant pityriasis rosea, which is a rarity in clinical practice.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a663f4ae6fbc61c5e1526e3a32ae47bd11fac399

Heart Failure–Related Death in Subjects With Atrial Fibrillation in the United States, 1999 to 2020

Journal of the American Heart Association : Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease

9d0f468d-117a-4e63-beae-93f161248b94

Heart Failure–Related Death in Subjects With Atrial Fibrillation in the United States, 1999 to 2020 Background Population‐based data on heart failure (HF)‐related death in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are lacking. We assessed HF‐related death in people with AF in the United States over the past 21 years and examined differences by age, sex, race, ethnicity, urbanization, and census region. Methods and Results Data were extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research to determine trends in age‐adjusted mortality rates per 100 000 people, due to HF‐related death among subjects with AF aged ≥15 years. To calculate nationwide annual trends, we assessed the average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change with relative 95% CIs using joinpoint regression. Between 1999 and 2020, 916 685 HF‐related deaths (396 205 men and 520 480 women) occurred among US adults having a concomitant AF. The overall age‐adjusted mortality rates increased (AAPC: +4.1% ; P65 years was observed. Conclusions A worrying increase in the HF‐related mortality rate among patients with AF has been observed in the United States over the past 2 decades.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bead1fbe31c863c858c058b5bc528cc775f4924f

The Virion Host Shut-Off (vhs) Protein Blocks a TLR-Independent Pathway of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Recognition in Human and Mouse Dendritic Cells

PLoS ONE

0aed7a40-85f3-4c66-9e1b-c1556c57001b

The Virion Host Shut-Off (vhs) Protein Blocks a TLR-Independent Pathway of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Recognition in Human and Mouse Dendritic Cells Molecular pathways underlying the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) in response to Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) are poorly understood. Removal of the HSV virion host shut-off (vhs) protein relieves a block to DC activation observed during wild-type infection. In this study, we utilized a potent DC stimulatory HSV-1 recombinant virus lacking vhs as a tool to investigate the mechanisms involved in the activation of DCs by HSV-1. We report that the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by conventional DC (cDC) during HSV-1 infection is triggered by both virus replication-dependent and replication-independent pathways. Interestingly, while vhs is capable of inhibiting the release of cytokines during infection of human and mouse cDCs, the secretion of cytokines by plasmacytoid DC (pDC) is not affected by vhs. These data prompted us to postulate that infection of cDCs by HSV triggers a TLR independent pathway for cDC activation that is susceptible to blockage by the vhs protein. Using cDCs isolated from mice deficient in both the TLR adaptor protein MyD88 and TLR3, we show that HSV-1 and the vhs-deleted virus can activate cDCs independently of TLR signaling. In addition, virion-associated vhs fails to block cDC activation in response to treatment with TLR agonists, but it efficiently blocked cDC activation triggered by the paramyxoviruses Sendai Virus (SeV) and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). This block to SeV- and NDV-induced activation of cDC resulted in elevated SeV and NDV viral gene expression indicating that infection with HSV-1 enhances the cell's susceptibility to other pathogens through the action of vhs. Our results demonstrate for the first time that a viral protein contained in the tegument of HSV-1 can block the induction of DC activation by TLR-independent pathways of viral recognition.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/41278a878ca32f2121f953e21af75ad4d630157b

Captain Archibald Thomson Campbell

Glasgow medical journal

cd716251-f81d-4522-b18d-326a397023cd

Captain Archibald Thomson Campbell We regret to announce the death of Captain A. T. Campbell, which occurred at his house in Belmont Gardens, Glasgow, on 22nd February. A native of Argyllshire, Mr. Campbell came to Glasgow for the study of medicine, and took the degrees of M.B., C.M. at Glasgow University in 1886. He began practice in the city two years later, and rapidly acquired for himself a prominent position in the north-western district. The time which his busy practice left at his disposal he gave to the work of the various professional organisations, in all of which he occupied positions of distinction. He held at different periods the offices of President of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Branch of the

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6e59d243d154745ff0352dc34f38b8d6467907fb

Setting a Baseline for Biomonitoring

Environmental Health Perspectives

74dbb751-54d9-4be5-baa6-52a5e58ea8dd

Setting a Baseline for Biomonitoring Biomonitoring of tissues such as blood, urine, and breast milk is an extremely valuable tool for identifying population exposure to harmful chemicals. The data gathered through biomonitoring can provide guidance on how to prioritize toxicological research, and can result in measures to control and prevent exposure. Despite these benefits, however, “tremendous challenges” still surround the use of this technology, according to Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals, a report released 24 July 2006 by a committee of the National Research Council (NRC). The report noted, for instance, that there should be much more emphasis on communicating the results of studies in the design of the research. It also called for a “consistent rationale for selecting chemicals to be studied based on exposure and public health concerns.”

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1299c037d691117da90d54ecbfd4c29748378ca1

Chest wall reconstruction after the Clagett procedure and other types of open-window thoracostomy: a narrative review

Journal of Thoracic Disease

8d7ff3bd-2385-47a4-8f55-b2c48363704b

Chest wall reconstruction after the Clagett procedure and other types of open-window thoracostomy: a narrative review Background and Objective The Clagett procedure is one of the last treatment options for chronic stage pleural empyema. It involves the formation of an open-window in the thoracic wall to allow for continuous drainage and irrigation of the pleural cavity. Once the empyema has been resolved, reconstruction of the chest wall is sometimes challenging. This review aims to identify and summarize the options for reconstructing soft tissue defects of the chest wall following the Clagett procedure and other types of open-window thoracostomy. Methods A narrative review was performed of the literature on PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar, including all relevant studies published until January 2023. Key Content and Findings This review contains an overview of the reconstruction methods and the outcomes of the included studies on reconstructive options after the Clagett procedure and other types of open-window thoracostomy. A subdivision was made based on reconstruction type: pedicled flaps, free flaps, and the use of a vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) device. The advantages of pedicled flaps are reliable vascularization, better tissue match, reduced scarring, and shorter operation time compared to free flaps. However, when pedicled flaps are not available due to damage during previous surgeries or offer insufficient volume to obliterate the cavity, free flaps might be a solution. Conclusions In cases where an open-window thoracostomy necessitates chest wall reconstruction, a pedicled flap is the preferred choice, followed by free flaps. Additionally, vacuum-assisted negative pressure wound therapy (VANPWT) techniques have shown potentially promising results (as an adjunct to surgical treatment).

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4823cc85b5f8d6c50fb78272a9f3f9870779ea60

Management of Sleep Disturbances in Parkinson’s Disease

Journal of Parkinson's Disease

b1eedb66-30ed-411b-9729-fcff0a2b2751

Management of Sleep Disturbances in Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease (PD) is defined by its motor symptoms rigidity, tremor, and akinesia. However, non-motor symptoms, particularly autonomic disorders and sleep disturbances, occur frequently in PD causing equivalent or even greater discomfort than motor symptoms effectively decreasing quality of life in patients and caregivers. Most common sleep disturbances in PD are insomnia, sleep disordered breathing, excessive daytime sleepiness, REM sleep behavior disorder, and sleep-related movement disorders such as restless legs syndrome. Despite their high prevalence, therapeutic options in the in- and outpatient setting are limited, partly due to lack of scientific evidence. The importance of sleep disturbances in neurodegenerative diseases has been further emphasized by recent evidence indicating a bidirectional relationship between neurodegeneration and sleep. A more profound insight into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms intertwining sleep and neurodegeneration might lead to unique and individually tailored disease modifying or even neuroprotective therapeutic options in the long run. Therefore, current evidence concerning the management of sleep disturbances in PD will be discussed with the aim of providing a substantiated scaffolding for clinical decisions in long-term PD therapy.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2900f56013c6fb59a2df47abeb4e9c5a9e37b65b

1-Hour Post-OGTT Glucose Improves the Early Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes by Clinical and Metabolic Markers

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

80784324-e8da-41d8-99fb-e2018faa0537

1-Hour Post-OGTT Glucose Improves the Early Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes by Clinical and Metabolic Markers Abstract Context Early prediction of dysglycemia is crucial to prevent progression to type 2 diabetes. The 1-hour postload plasma glucose (PG) is reported to be a better predictor of dysglycemia than fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour PG, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Objective To evaluate the predictive performance of clinical markers, metabolites, HbA1c, and PG and serum insulin (INS) levels during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Design and Setting We measured PG and INS levels at 0, 30, 60, and 120 minutes during an OGTT in 543 participants in the Botnia Prospective Study, 146 of whom progressed to type 2 diabetes within a 10-year follow-up period. Using combinations of variables, we evaluated 1527 predictive models for progression to type 2 diabetes. Results The 1-hour PG outperformed every individual marker except 30-minute PG or mannose, whose predictive performances were lower but not significantly worse. HbA1c was inferior to 1-hour PG according to DeLong test P value but not false discovery rate. Combining the metabolic markers with PG measurements and HbA1c significantly improved the predictive models, and mannose was found to be a robust metabolic marker. Conclusions The 1-hour PG, alone or in combination with metabolic markers, is a robust predictor for determining the future risk of type 2 diabetes, outperforms the 2-hour PG, and is cheaper to measure than metabolites. Metabolites add to the predictive value of PG and HbA1c measurements. Shortening the standard 75-g OGTT to 1 hour improves its predictive value and clinical usability.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/540287adc4860aa60eb3508f92a537eebdd8b1e5

Philosophical chemistry in the Scottish Enlightenment. The doctrines and discoveries of William Cullen and Joseph Black

Medicina e historia

01e1b869-8faa-4deb-8cd9-48453c0c239e

Philosophical chemistry in the Scottish Enlightenment. The doctrines and discoveries of William Cullen and Joseph Black W. S. CRAIG, History of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1976, 4to, pp. xxix, 1125, illus., £35.00. An immense amount of labour was spent on this book by the late Professor W. S. Craig, and it is tragic that he did not live to see the finished product. It will, however, serve to commemorate the College's forthcoming tercentenary. Since its establishment by charter, granted by Charles II in 1681, the College has played an important role not only in Edinburgh, but also in relationship with its sister colleges in Glasgow and London, and with its Fellows and Members in all parts of the British Commonwealth. Its influence outside the University has been, and still is, an important factor in its functioning. It has played an active role in social reforms, particularly in Scotland, and in advocating improved public health and sanitation in Edinburgh. Today it is actively involved with postgraduate teaching and research, and its library is one of the best of its kind in Britain, having been founded in 1682. Professor Craig traces its evolution in great detail and deals with every possible aspect of its activity both in Edinburgh and elsewhere, over its three hundred years of existence. The material used is fully supported with references and notes and with several long extracts from documents and there are many excellent illustrations. Several appendices include additional data, one of them(E)having a translation of the College's Charter. The price is not excessive when the size and the quality of production are taken into account. This is a book for reference rather than for continuous reading and the excellent indexes will direct the enquirer to the topic or person he seeks. As a repository of factual information it will remain a definitive work, but unfortunately it does not go beyond this. In other words, little attempt is made to study the local, national and international background influences, which affect the establishment and survival of any institution. As Dr. Christopher Lawrence and other historians are pointing out, the Edinburgh scene particularly in the eighteenth century as it influenced medicine was very complex, and in order to comprehend the College fully we must understand the extra-Collegiate climate and the problems it encountered, as well as the state of medicine elsewhere in the world. This is not, however, to belittle Professor Craig's enormous labours for which we should be most grateful. It would seem, however, that the Edinburgh Royal College of Physicians has not had the services of the kind of historian who recorded the history of its some-time rival institution in London.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6607aa9d0b0453782b503322493f04736dba3d1c

Effect of 5‐Fluorouracil and UFT on Experimental Liver Metastasis Model of Colorectal Cancer Using Mouse Colon 26 Cells

Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann

Effect of 5‐Fluorouracil and UFT on Experimental Liver Metastasis Model of Colorectal Cancer Using Mouse Colon 26 Cells Effects of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and UFT on an experimental liver metastasis model were compared at equi‐effective dosage levels against subcutaneous tumor of mouse colon 26. 5‐FU at the dosage level of 40 mg/kg suppressed the subcutaneous tumor growth by 70.0% and 45.0% on day 13 and day 18, respectively, and UFT at 20 mg/kg provided almost equal suppression (63.0% and 48.0%). In the liver metastasis model, 5‐FU at 40 mg/kg showed more potent prevention of the formation of metastatic foci (94.9%) than did UFT (60.4%) at 20 mg/kg. 5‐FU at 40 mg/kg produced a much higher peak serum level of 5‐FU than did UFT at 20 mg/kg and also showed a much higher AUC (area under the curve) level in the portal blood. These results suggest that oral administration of 5‐FU might be useful in prevention of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/803d63df99d739cf31a71c8bbe675478384dc7d2

Recurrent angina from chronic coronary obstruction following transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Avicenna Journal of Medicine

bb61e75c-9a23-408d-b354-aee8d192cb8f

Recurrent angina from chronic coronary obstruction following transcatheter aortic valve implantation Abstract Severe aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease often coexist. Coronary angiography (CA) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can be challenging in patients with prior transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Depending on the type and position of the implanted valve, the procedure can be challenging or even unfeasible due to interference of diagnostic catheters and valve parts. The correct positioning of the TAVI prosthesis during TAVI was identified as an important factor with regard to the feasibility of subsequent CA or PCI. TAVI has been also associated with vascular, cerebrovascular and conduction complication. One is rare but life-threatening complication, coronary ostial obstruction. Coronary ostial obstruction can develop, especially if a safety check of more than 10 mm of coronary ostial height is not taken into consideration during TAVI. This complication can cause recurrent episodes of angina and can severely worsen the patient′s cardiac systolic function.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac162ae25db5971d3e56d050639d568b7519e677

A Novel Tri-Hydroxy-Methylated Chalcone Isolated from Chromolaena tacotana with Anti-Cancer Potential Targeting Pro-Survival Proteins

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

8506a01a-40b8-4e6f-bbb8-ce2492139c15

A Novel Tri-Hydroxy-Methylated Chalcone Isolated from Chromolaena tacotana with Anti-Cancer Potential Targeting Pro-Survival Proteins Chromolaena tacotana (Klatt) R. M. King and H. Rob (Ch. tacotana) contains bioactive flavonoids that may have antioxidant and/or anti-cancer properties. This study investigated the potential anti-cancer properties of a newly identified chalcone isolated from the inflorescences of the plant Chromolaena tacotana (Klatt) R. M. King and H. Rob (Ch. tacotana). The chalcone structure was determined using HPLC/MS (QTOF), UV, and NMR spectroscopy. The compound cytotoxicity and selectivity were evaluated on prostate, cervical, and breast cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. Apoptosis and autophagy induction were assessed through flow cytometry by detecting annexin V/7-AAD, active Casp3/7, and LC3B proteins. These results were supported by Western blot analysis. Mitochondrial effects on membrane potential, as well as levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins were analyzed using flow cytometry, fluorescent microscopy, and Western blot analysis specifically on a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line. Furthermore, molecular docking (MD) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to evaluate the interaction between the compounds and pro-survival proteins. The compound identified as 2′,3,4-trihydroxy-4′,6′-dimethoxy chalcone inhibited the cancer cell line proliferation and induced apoptosis and autophagy. MDA-MB-231, a TNBC cell line, exhibited the highest sensitivity to the compound with good selectivity. This activity was associated with the regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of the pro-apoptotic proteins, and reduction of anti-apoptotic proteins, thereby triggering the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The chalcone consistently interacted with anti-apoptotic proteins, particularly the Bcl-2 protein, throughout the simulation period. However, there was a noticeable conformational shift observed with the negative autophagy regulator mTOR protein. Future studies should focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer potential of the new chalcone and other flavonoids from Ch. tacotana, particularly against predominant cancer cell types.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0cbe8358a152309b0f4896bab6240a42c28a812a

Correction: Prosopis juliflora (Sw.), DC induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in triple negative breast cancer cells: in vitro and in vivo investigations

OncoTarget

106ecc86-1801-4b36-a05c-d36db69a968c

Correction: Prosopis juliflora (Sw.), DC induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in triple negative breast cancer cells: in vitro and in vivo investigations .

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a4572a5fdd590696d9dccedc52f4947d4c3ed24

Comprehensive analysis of the oral microbiota and metabolome change in patients of burning mouth syndrome with psychiatric symptoms

Journal of Oral Microbiology

fb945b23-458d-42e3-8e69-d6412aba8382

Comprehensive analysis of the oral microbiota and metabolome change in patients of burning mouth syndrome with psychiatric symptoms ABSTRACT Background Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic idiopathic facial pain with intraoral burning or dysesthesia. BMS patients regularly suffer from anxiety/depression, and the association of psychiatric symptoms with BMS has received considerable attention in recent years. The aims of this study were to investigate the potential interplay between psychiatric symptoms and BMS. Methods Using 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to evaluate the oral microbiota and saliva metabolism of 40 BMS patients and 40 age matched healthy control (HC). Results The oral microbiota composition in BMS exhibited no significant differences from HC, although DBMS manifested decreased α-diversity relative to HC. Noteworthy was the discernible elevation in the abundance of proinflammatory microorganisms within the oral microbiome of individuals with DBMS. Parallel findings in LC/MS analyses revealed discernible disparities in metabolites between DBMS and HC groups. Principal differential metabolites were notably enriched in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, exhibiting associations with infectious and immunological diseases. Furthermore, the integrated analysis underscores a definitive association between the oral microbiome and metabolism in DBMS. Conclusions This study suggests possible future modalities for better understanding the pathogenesis and personalized treatment plans of BMS.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4863b821df4ed58790ad79f19da38d88e4cee6bf

A5 GLUTEN-SPECIFIC T CELL ACTIVATION BY MHC CLASS II EXPRESSING ORGANOID MONOLAYERS

Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology

fadfd72e-16e7-4c64-9cdd-9bd30c49239e

A5 GLUTEN-SPECIFIC T CELL ACTIVATION BY MHC CLASS II EXPRESSING ORGANOID MONOLAYERS Abstract NOT PUBLISHED AT AUTHOR’S REQUEST Funding Agencies: CIHR

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/58290fcd797dc4eec799479fe8d0efbce2b40f41

Management of Functional Disorders of Stomach

The Southern medical record

Management of Functional Disorders of Stomach ABSTRACT In calling the attention of this Association for a short time to some points "On the Management of Functional Disorders of the Stomach," I am fully aware that the subject is trite, and that nothing especially new can be said in regard to it. That it has been thoroughly written on by able and scholarly minds, and that in a manner so fully that it would be hard indeed to add even a few threads of purely original thought. My apology, if one be necessary, must be found in this—that it is not the rare and infrequent diseases that most often perplex the daily practitioner, but the more common maladies of every day life, and those which often are considered to be of little special interest; yet it is often in these very cases that our patients expect and look for speedy relief.It is not my purpose, nor is

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e63d7ba76e2b16eec4a9e3692a8a070fe31da47

Creating Locally Relevant Health Information

PLoS Medicine

3b9c2af9-8503-4d14-a0de-af5ba0143ed2

Creating Locally Relevant Health Information Lack of health information marginalises the poor and prevents them from making informed decisions. What we need, argues Carter, is to promote health in ways that are accepted by local communities

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2bf2054b5f1ae80e4da451c42a31ccfdacaf3cb

Introducing IJTMB’s Trigger Points: Topical Dialogue amongst Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork Practitioners and Educators

International Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork

07364a81-d672-4469-9f28-480fe47425ae

Introducing IJTMB’s Trigger Points: Topical Dialogue amongst Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork Practitioners and Educators The International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork (IJTMB) has as its core a key interest in and mission to develop the practice of therapeutic massage and bodywork by contributing to the field’s body of knowledge. The IJTMB Editorial Board understands that one’s daily practice provides the initial testing ground for the development of practice-based knowledge and, ultimately, expertise. Consequently, this practice-based knowledge and experience provides fertile ground for research ideas that further refine our understanding and come full circle to enhance clinical efficacy. Ultimately, without discourse and knowledge transference, the possibility of growing the body of knowledge for therapeutic massage and bodywork or stimulating research in the field is lost. To facilitate discourse and transference of knowledge within the field of therapeutic massage and bodywork, the IJTMB is launching a new journal component entitled Trigger Points: Topical Dialogue amongst Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork Practitioners and Educators. The purpose of IJTMB’s Trigger Points is to “trigger” the sharing and discussion of knowledge and expertise among therapeutic massage and bodywork practitioners, educators, and researchers about different approaches to treating specific conditions or addressing specific population issues. Each IJTMB issue, starting with this issue, will include a call for responses to the next Trigger Points topic. Publication of the results for each topic will be in the second issue after the initial call for submissions. With your participation, these IJTMB Trigger Points columns will spark dynamic dialogue, perhaps even collaborations, in the therapeutic massage and bodywork field across practitioners, educators, and researchers.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2dae791491e7eb4356d7095e27359ae57c4c94ae

DNA Adducts Formed by 2‐Amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline in Rat Liver: Dose‐Response on Chronic Administration

Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann

DNA Adducts Formed by 2‐Amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazoquinoxaline in Rat Liver: Dose‐Response on Chronic Administration The effect of administration of 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazoquinoxaline (MeIQx) at various doses on DNA adduct formation in male rats was examined by 32P‐postlabeling analysis. Administration of MeIQx in the diet at 0.4 ppm, 4 ppm, 40 ppm and 400 ppm for one week resulted in the formations of 0.04, 0.28, 3.34 and 39.0 adducts per 107 nucleotides in rat liver cells. Continuous administration of 400 ppm of MeIQx in the diet for 61 weeks to rats induced hepatocellular carcinomas in all rats. The carcinogenicity of MeIQx at doses of 40 ppm or less is not known yet, but the above results show a linear relationship between the level of MeIQx administered and the adduct level. In rats treated with low doses of 0.4, 4 and 40 ppm of MeIQx, adduct levels increased linearly with time of treatment, the levels in week 12 being two to three times those in week 1. In contrast, on treatment with 400 ppm of MeIQx, the adduct level in the liver increased until week 4, when it was 110 adducts per 107 nucleotides, and then remained constant for the next 8 weeks. Induction of the multidrug‐resistance gene was suggested to be involved in development of this plateau level.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f180dd674cdca91b0dab76af2dd0847ab0d832c7

Dental versus Medical Education

The American journal of dental science

Dental versus Medical Education practice of the eye, ear, throat, etc." Therefore, if the specialist who limits his practice to diseases of the eye, ear, skin, etc., must be a qualified general physician first, why should not the dentist, who is also a specialist devoting his attentions to special and very important organs of the same human body, be equally trained and also a general physician before taking up his special study and practice? When dentistry was merely a sort of skilled-mechanical

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e434043e654028dbda3031a3b2207be62e445ffc

Adhesion Prevention in Myomectomy

Journal of Gynecological Endoscopy and Surgery

0e385ee8-2402-41fc-a319-ede098c14f1a

Adhesion Prevention in Myomectomy Adhesions are abnormal fibrous connections, joining tissue surfaces in abnormal locations. Adhesions form after any trauma involving the peritoneum and the injured tissue surface or directly between the injured tissue surfaces. The ideal anti-adhesion agent should be safe, efficacious, easy to use in all types of surgery, and economical. It should prevent adhesions at the site of surgery as well as throughout the peritoneal cavity. Needless to say, the ideal agent is still elusive.