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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุนูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฏุก ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช
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ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจุงู„ linear transformation ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง
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ุนุฏุฉ ุชู…ุซูŠู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุซู… ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„
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kernel linear transformation is a subspace ูˆ
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ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ range ู„ู„ linear transformation is a
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subspace ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุทุจุนุง ุงุนุทูŠู†ุง
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function ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ T of A ุจุชุณูˆูŠ A ุฒุงุฆุฏ A
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Transpose ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุงุชูŠู†ุง ุงู„ range ุชุจุน ู…ู† ุงู„
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T ุงู„ kernel ุทุจุนุง ูˆุฌุฏู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
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the set of all skew symmetric matrices ู‡ุฐุง ุงุฎุฑ ู…ุง
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ุงุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ู†ูู†ูŠ ุฌูŠุจ ู†ูƒู…ู„
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ุญุฏูŠุซู†ุงูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆุฌุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ R of T
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ Y ุงูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒุงู†ุช T
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ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงูŠุด ุจุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ T ู…ู† A ุงู„ู‰ ุงูˆ T
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู‰ ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ M22 ุงู„ู‰ M22 ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ
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ู…ู† M22 ู„ู„ M22ุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตูุงุช ุจูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ M22 such that ุงู„ B ุชุณุงูˆูŠ T of A for
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some A
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ M22 ู…ุด ุดูƒุช ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ rangeุŸูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„
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ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุงุช M22
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ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† main T of A ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู€A some
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element ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ M22 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุนุงู… ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
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ู„ู„ range ุชุจุนุชูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทุจู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู
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ุจุฏูŠ ูˆุตู„ู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆูŠู†ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒู„
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ุงู„ู…ุตูุงุช B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ M22 such that ุงู† ุงู„ B
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ุชุณุงูˆูŠ T of A ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ A ุฒุงุฆุฏ A
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transpose for some A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ M22
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ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ B ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูŠุจ
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ุฅูŠุด ุฑุงูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช transpose ู„ู„ุทุฑููŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏุฃุช
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ุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุงุช B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ M22 such
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that B transpose ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A ุฒุงุฆุฏ A transpose ู„ูƒู„
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ุงู„ transpose ูŠุจู‚ู‰ for some A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ B22
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ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตููุงุช ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ M22 such that ุงู„ BT ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ุชุฑุงู†ุณุจูˆุฒ
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ุจุชุฌูŠ ุชุฑุงู†ุณุจูˆุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุชุฑุงู†ุณุจูˆุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰
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ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ A transpose ุฒุงุฆุฏู‡ุฐู‡ a ุชุฑุงู†ุณุจูˆุฒ
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ุชุฑุงู†ุณุจูˆุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ a itself ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
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a itself ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ a ุฒูŠ a ุชุฑุงู†ุณุจูˆุฒ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ููˆู‚ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠ ุชุฑุงู†ุณููˆุณ ุจุฏูŠ ุชุณูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุจูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
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ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ symmetric matrices ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
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kernel ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ skew ุงู„ symmetric matrices ูˆ ุงู„ range
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ symmetric matrices ูŠุจู‚ู‰ for some a ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ b22 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ the setof all
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symmetric
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matrices in M22 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ symmetric matrices
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ููŠ M22 ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุขู†
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ู„ู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฌู„ example 2
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ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ let ุงู„ a ุจูŠ an m ููŠ n matrix
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define
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ุนุฑููˆู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ mapping define
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ุงูŠู‡ mapping
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ู…ู† RN ุฅู„ู‰ RM by T
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of X ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ AX where ุงู„ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
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call matrix X1 X2 ูˆุงู†ุถู„ ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ XN
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is a calm vector ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
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ู†ู…ุฑุฃ a show that ุจูŠู†ูˆู† ุงู† ุงู„ T is a linear
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transformation ู†ู…ุฑุฃ ุจูŠู‡Find ุงู„ู€ kernel ู„ู„ู€ T ู†ู…ุฑุฉ
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C Find
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the
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range of T ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ R of T ู†ู…ุฑุฉ
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Dshow that ุงู†
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ุงู„ู€ T of X ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ A X ูˆ
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ุงู„ู„ู‡ define a linear transformation from R
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N
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RM ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู† T ู…ู† Rn ุฅู„ู‰ Rm
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ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุงูˆู„ุช ุงู„ A ุจ M by N matrix ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ุตูˆูุฉ
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ู†ุธุงู…ู‡ุง M ููŠ N define a mapping ุนุฑูู†ุง function ู…ู†
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ุงู„ vector space Rn ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ vector space Rm by T of
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capital X ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Ax ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ
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ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู†ุถุงู…ู‡ุง M ูู‰ N ูู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ
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ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ X ู…ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† N ู…ู†
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ุงู„ุตููˆู ูˆุนู…ูˆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ X ุฏู‰ is a
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column vector ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุชุฌู‡ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ู‰ ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู†
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ุนู…ูˆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตููˆูุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
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ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† T ู‡ูŠ linear transformation
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญู‚ู‚ุŸ ุงู„ุดุฑุทูŠู† ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ linear
77
00:09:08,270 --> 00:09:12,530
transformation ุฃู…ุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ู„ู„ kernel ุจุฏูŠ
78
00:09:12,530 --> 00:09:16,770
ุฃุนุฑู ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู„ู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ range ุชุจุน
79
00:09:16,770 --> 00:09:22,260
T ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฌูŠ ู†ุฑุจุฒู„ู‡ R of T ุชู„ุงุชุฉุจุชุจูŠู† Any Linear
80
00:09:22,260 --> 00:09:29,000
Transformation ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RN ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ RM ู…ู† ุงู„ RN ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„
81
00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:34,100
RM ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงูˆ ุจุฏุง T of X ุจุฏูŠ
82
00:09:34,100 --> 00:09:40,700
ุณูˆู‰ ุญุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ A ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ X ูŠุจู‚ู‰
83
00:09:40,700 --> 00:09:44,820
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุทุงู„ูŠุจ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุญุณุจ ูƒู„ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡
84
00:09:44,820 --> 00:09:51,110
ุงู„ู…ุทุงู„ูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุจู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ
85
00:09:51,110 --> 00:09:56,430
ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู† T ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Linear Transformation
86
00:10:05,420 --> 00:10:08,340
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุซุจุช ุงูˆู„ ุดู‰ุก ุงู† ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ T Linear
87
00:10:08,340 --> 00:10:12,340
Transformation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุฎุฏ element ู…ู† ุงู„ set of
88
00:10:12,340 --> 00:10:15,980
real numbers ุงู„ู€ scalar ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ element ู…ู† ุงู„
89
00:10:15,980 --> 00:10:21,680
vector ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ main RN ูˆ ุงุดูˆู ุญุตู„ ุถุฑุจู‡ ู…ุนุงู‡ ูˆูŠู†
90
00:10:21,680 --> 00:10:29,040
ุจุฏู‰ ูŠูˆุฏูŠู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง Fุงู„ู€ C ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
91
00:10:29,040 --> 00:10:39,260
R and ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€ X ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RNุงู„ู€ X
92
00:10:39,260 --> 00:10:48,280
ู‡ุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ X1 ูˆ X2 ูˆ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ XN ุงูˆ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
93
00:10:48,280 --> 00:10:56,000
ุงูƒุชุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ X1 X2 ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ XN ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„
94
00:10:56,000 --> 00:11:05,790
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงุทูŠุจ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ T of CX ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญุงูˆู„
95
00:11:05,790 --> 00:11:13,010
ุงุซุจุช ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆู‰ C ููŠ T of X ุจุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ
96
00:11:13,010 --> 00:11:17,850
ุงู†ุง ู‚ุงูŠู„ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆู‰
97
00:11:17,850 --> 00:11:26,600
ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ A ููŠ C of Xู„ุฃู† C ู‡ุฐุง scalar ุฅุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุทู„ุนู‡
98
00:11:26,600 --> 00:11:32,980
ุจุฑุง ุงู„ T ุฃูˆ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุทู„ุนู‡ ุจุฑุง ุญุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆููŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
99
00:11:32,980 --> 00:11:39,290
ู‡ุฐุง C ููŠ ุงู„ AX ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
100
00:11:39,290 --> 00:11:44,390
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ C ุงู„ AX ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู† ุญุณุจ ุงู„
101
00:11:44,390 --> 00:11:50,290
definition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู„ูŠ T of X ูŠุจู‚ู‰ C ููŠ T of X
102
00:11:54,650 --> 00:11:59,950
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ T of X ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุตุจุญ T ููŠ C of X ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
103
00:11:59,950 --> 00:12:03,910
C ููŠ T of X ุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ condition ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃูˆ
104
00:12:03,910 --> 00:12:08,090
ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฎุงุตุฉ Linear Transformation ูŠุจู‚ู‰
105
00:12:08,090 --> 00:12:12,350
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุฏุฃุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
106
00:12:12,350 --> 00:12:17,630
ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฎุฏ two vectors ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุฃุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ let X ูˆY
107
00:12:17,630 --> 00:12:23,830
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ vector space RN
108
00:12:25,570 --> 00:12:32,460
ุจุชุงุฎุฏ T of X ุฒุงุฆุฏ Y ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ definition
109
00:12:32,460 --> 00:12:37,080
ุชุงุจุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ a ููŠ ุงู„ vector x ุฒุงุฆุฏ
110
00:12:37,080 --> 00:12:45,220
y ูŠุจู‚ู‰ a ููŠ ุงู„ vector x ุฒุงุฆุฏ y ู‡ุฐุง ุญุณุจ ุฎูˆุงุต ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
111
00:12:45,220 --> 00:12:52,720
ุงู„ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุงุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ax ุฒุงุฆุฏ ay
112
00:12:52,720 --> 00:13:00,820
ู‡ุฐุง ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ู† ุงู„ T of x ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ T of yูŠุจู‚ู‰
113
00:13:00,820 --> 00:13:05,420
ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ condition ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ so
114
00:13:05,420 --> 00:13:12,940
T is a linear transformationุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
115
00:13:12,940 --> 00:13:17,780
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ู…ุฑุง A ู†ู…ุฑุง B ู‚ุงู„ ู‡ุงุชู„ ุงู„ kernel
116
00:13:17,780 --> 00:13:24,300
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ kernel ุงู„ุชูŠ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ definition
117
00:13:24,300 --> 00:13:30,020
ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ vector space
118
00:13:30,020 --> 00:13:37,820
RN ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† T of X ุจุฏูŠ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ 100 ุงู„ 0ุŒ 0 ุชุจุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
119
00:13:39,260 --> 00:13:45,800
ุชุจุน RM ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ kernel ูƒู„ ุงู„ vectors ุงู„ู„ูŠ
120
00:13:45,800 --> 00:13:49,240
ููŠ ุงู„ vector space ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„
121
00:13:49,240 --> 00:13:54,920
zero ุชุจุน ุงู„ vector space ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„
122
00:13:54,920 --> 00:13:59,940
ุงู„ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ RN ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† T of X ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
123
00:13:59,940 --> 00:14:05,510
zeroูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ X ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ RN
124
00:14:05,510 --> 00:14:09,730
such that
125
00:14:09,730 --> 00:14:15,570
ุงู„ T of X ุญุณุจ ุงู„ definition ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ A X ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
126
00:14:15,570 --> 00:14:19,570
Zero ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ูŠุง
127
00:14:19,570 --> 00:14:29,800
ุจู†ุงุช ูƒู„ ุงู„ Xู‡ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ RN ูŠุนู†ูŠ call vectors
128
00:14:29,800 --> 00:14:34,740
ู…ุง ู„ู‡ู… ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ X ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠู†
129
00:14:34,740 --> 00:14:41,020
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ homogenous system ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
130
00:14:41,020 --> 00:14:52,500
ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ the set of all solutions of the
131
00:14:54,210 --> 00:15:04,170
ู‡ูˆู…ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุง ุณูŠุณุชู… ุงู„ู‡ูˆ ax ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุฒุฑุน ุดูˆ ุดูƒู„ู‡ู…
132
00:15:04,170 --> 00:15:09,510
ุงุด ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู„ู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ ู„ู„ู‡ูˆู…ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุง
133
00:15:09,510 --> 00:15:15,170
ุณูŠุณุชู… ุงูƒู… ุญู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู…ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุง ุณูŠุณุชู…ุฃู…ุง ุญู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ
134
00:15:15,170 --> 00:15:20,370
ุงู„ุญู„ ุงู„ุตูุฑูŠ ุฃูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ
135
00:15:20,370 --> 00:15:24,550
ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ูŠุฌุชู…ุน ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู„ ุงู„ุตูุฑูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ ุทูŠุจ ู…ุง
136
00:15:24,550 --> 00:15:29,470
ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุณุจู†ุง ู„ู‡ ูƒูŠุฑู†ู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒูŠุฑู†ู„ ุชุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
137
00:15:29,470 --> 00:15:35,710
function ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ ู„ู„ homogenous system X ุจุฏู‡
138
00:15:35,710 --> 00:15:42,480
ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุงู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ุทูŠุจ ู†ู…ุฑู‰ ุงู„ Cู†ู…ุฑุง ุณูŠุฌุง
139
00:15:42,480 --> 00:15:46,460
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ ุงู„ range ุชุจุน ุงู„ T ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ range
140
00:15:46,460 --> 00:15:55,530
ุชุจุน ุงู„ T ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู†ุŸูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RM
141
00:15:55,530 --> 00:16:02,990
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ vectors Y ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RM ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู†
142
00:16:02,990 --> 00:16:12,250
ุงู„ู€ Y ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ T of X for some X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
143
00:16:12,250 --> 00:16:19,660
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RN ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ rangeู…ุธุจูˆุท ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
144
00:16:19,660 --> 00:16:27,220
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ domain RM ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุฃุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„
145
00:16:27,220 --> 00:16:33,980
domain RM ุทูŠุจ ุชู…ุงู… ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุนูŠุฏ ุตูŠุงุบุชู‡ุง
146
00:16:33,980 --> 00:16:40,080
ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูุจู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ Y ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ RM such
147
00:16:40,080 --> 00:16:44,680
that ุงู„ Y ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ T of X ุญุณุจ ุงู„ definition ุจุฏู‡
148
00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:55,850
ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸุงู„ู€ AX ู‡ูŠ
149
00:16:55,850 --> 00:17:03,470
ู†ูƒู…ู„ for some X
150
00:17:03,470 --> 00:17:10,830
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RNุฅุฐุงู‹ ูƒู„ ุงู„ Y ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
151
00:17:10,830 --> 00:17:16,610
ุงู„ RM ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ Y ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ A of X for some X ุงู„ู„ูŠ
152
00:17:16,610 --> 00:17:23,220
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ RN ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ุตุฏุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ุŸูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…
153
00:17:23,220 --> 00:17:28,840
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Y ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู€ non homogeneous system has a
154
00:17:28,840 --> 00:17:35,440
solution ู…ุงู‚ู„ุชุด ุญู„ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ system ู„ุฃ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ
155
00:17:35,440 --> 00:17:43,740
ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ the set of all elements
156
00:17:45,790 --> 00:17:58,650
Y ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RM such that ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† ุงู„ system
157
00:17:58,650 --> 00:18:05,290
X ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Y has a solution
158
00:18:12,620 --> 00:18:17,080
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญู„ ุงู„ู€ Y's ูˆ ู„ุง ุงู„ู€ X's
159
00:18:17,080 --> 00:18:23,820
ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ Y's ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ non homogeneous system
160
00:18:23,820 --> 00:18:27,720
ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ ุญู„ ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ ุญู„ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
161
00:18:27,720 --> 00:18:31,320
ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ู‚ุจู„ูƒ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ non homogeneous system ู…ู…ูƒู†
162
00:18:31,320 --> 00:18:36,320
ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงู„ูˆุด ุญู„ูˆู„ ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญู„ ูˆุญูŠุฏ ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
163
00:18:36,320 --> 00:18:41,770
ุนุฏุฏ ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุŸ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ Y
164
00:18:41,770 --> 00:18:45,670
ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ system ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู‡ ุญู„ูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงู„ู‡ูˆุด ุญู„ูˆู„
165
00:18:45,670 --> 00:18:51,910
ู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ู…ุณุชุจุนุฏุฉ ูƒู„ูŠุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุญู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุนุฏุฏ
166
00:18:51,910 --> 00:18:55,510
ู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจูŠ ู„ุฃู†
167
00:18:55,510 --> 00:19:02,630
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงู„ู‡ ุฌูˆุงุจ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฅุฐุง ุทู„ุน ุงู„ูุฑุฌ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† A ูˆB ุงู„ B
168
00:19:02,630 --> 00:19:10,830
ูŠุง ุชุฑู‰ ุตุจุตุช ู…ู† RN ูˆ ู„ุง RMู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† RN ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
169
00:19:10,830 --> 00:19:16,530
kernel ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ range subset ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† RM ู„ุฃู† ุงู„
170
00:19:16,530 --> 00:19:22,110
range ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ูƒู„
171
00:19:22,110 --> 00:19:25,910
ุงู„ solutions ุชุจุน ุงู„ homogeneous system ุงู„ solution
172
00:19:25,910 --> 00:19:30,750
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ูŠู… X ูˆุงู„ X ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ RM
173
00:19:30,750 --> 00:19:34,810
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชูู‚ ูˆูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู„ู€ range ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฒุก
174
00:19:34,810 --> 00:19:38,490
ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RM ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ range ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
175
00:19:38,490 --> 00:19:43,690
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ RM ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ RM
176
00:19:43,690 --> 00:19:48,330
ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู€ non homogeneous system ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู‡ solution
177
00:19:48,330 --> 00:19:55,480
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ C ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฏูŠุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
178
00:19:55,480 --> 00:20:00,140
ุฏูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุงุซุจุชู„ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ T of X ุณูˆู‰ X defined a
179
00:20:00,140 --> 00:20:03,720
Linear Transformation ูŠุนู†ูŠ Linear Transformation
180
00:20:03,720 --> 00:20:08,540
ู…ู† ุงู„ RN ู„ู„RM ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุง ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
181
00:20:08,540 --> 00:20:14,240
ู‡ุฐุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุญู„ ูƒุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุฌูŠ
182
00:20:14,240 --> 00:20:19,760
ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ RN ูˆ ุงุฑูˆุญ ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ basis ุชุจุนู‡ ูˆ ู†ุชูู‡ู…
183
00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:26,220
ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ let E1 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
184
00:20:26,220 --> 00:20:36,640
1 ูˆ 0 ูˆ 0 ูˆ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ 0 ูˆ E2 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 0 ูˆ 1 ูˆ 0 ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ 0 ูˆ
185
00:20:36,640 --> 00:20:43,880
ู†ุธู„ ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ู†ุตู„ ุงู„ู‰ EN 001
186
00:20:43,880 --> 00:20:50,500
ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎุฏุช ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„
187
00:20:50,500 --> 00:20:56,880
bases ุชุจุนุงุช ู…ูŠู† ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ bases ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ RN
188
00:20:56,880 --> 00:21:09,740
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู„ุช ุจูŠ the standard bases
189
00:21:09,740 --> 00:21:13,780
for RN
190
00:21:15,360 --> 00:21:31,020
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ standard basis ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ RN ูƒูˆูŠุณ
191
00:21:31,020 --> 00:21:42,660
ุจุฏุง ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุจุฑุถู‡ suppose that ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ุงู„ T of E1
192
00:21:42,660 --> 00:21:54,590
ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆูŠ E1ูˆ T of E2 ู‡ูˆ A2 ูˆุงู†ุธุฑ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ T of EN ู‡ูˆ
193
00:21:54,590 --> 00:21:59,330
AN ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
194
00:21:59,330 --> 00:22:04,890
ุฃุณุฃู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ A1 ูˆ ุงู„ A2 ูˆ ุงู„ A3 ูˆ ุงู„ AN
195
00:22:04,890 --> 00:22:11,540
ุดู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸูŠุนู†ูŠ answer real number ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ vector ูŠุนู†ูŠ
196
00:22:11,540 --> 00:22:18,600
ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุดูˆ a1 ู‡ุฐุงุŸ vector ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† T of
197
00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:24,540
E1 E1 ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ R in ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ R M ูŠุจู‚ู‰
198
00:22:24,540 --> 00:22:28,360
ู‡ุฐุง vector ูˆ ุงู„ vector ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดูƒู„ ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ
199
00:22:28,360 --> 00:22:35,620
ููŠู‡ุง M ู…ู† ุงู„ุตููˆู ูˆ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง where
200
00:22:38,960 --> 00:22:52,300
ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ A1 ูˆ ุงู„ A2 ูˆ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ AM RM ููŠ one matrices
201
00:22:52,300 --> 00:22:59,260
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู…ุŸูู‰ ุงู„ R M ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡
202
00:22:59,260 --> 00:23:05,500
ุงูŠุด A1 ูˆ A2 ู…ุฌุตุฏูŠ ุงู„ A1 ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ X1 ูˆ X2 ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ X
203
00:23:05,500 --> 00:23:11,640
M ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูู‰ ุงู„ R M ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุชู…ุงู… ุทูŠุจ ูƒูˆูŠุณ
204
00:23:11,640 --> 00:23:17,420
ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงูŠุฒุง ุงู„ุงู† ูƒูŠู ANA ู…ุด ุณุงู…ุน ู„ูŠู‡ ุญุทุช ู‡ู†ุง AN ู…ุด
205
00:23:17,420 --> 00:23:24,320
Mู… ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฑ ุงู… ูƒู„ element
206
00:23:24,320 --> 00:23:30,000
ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูุงุตู„
207
00:23:30,000 --> 00:23:34,060
ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุชุจุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุตููˆู
208
00:23:34,060 --> 00:23:43,060
ูˆ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูู‚ุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู† ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุงุฑ ุงู…
209
00:23:43,060 --> 00:23:44,800
ููŠ one matrices
210
00:23:50,880 --> 00:23:57,880
belongs to RM ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RM ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„
211
00:23:57,880 --> 00:24:04,180
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงุฃูŠุด ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ T ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุช
212
00:24:04,180 --> 00:24:09,300
ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ RN ู„ู„ RM ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฅู†ู‡ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุง
213
00:24:09,300 --> 00:24:12,440
ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
214
00:24:12,440 --> 00:24:18,120
ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุฎุฏ element X ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ RN ูˆ ุฃุดูˆู ุดูˆ
215
00:24:18,120 --> 00:24:23,600
ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช ุฎุฏู„ูŠ ุงู„ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ
216
00:24:23,600 --> 00:24:31,340
ุฃุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู† X1 ูˆ X2 ูˆ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ XMุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„
217
00:24:31,340 --> 00:24:38,430
ู…ูƒุงู†ุจุงู„ู€ RN ูŠุนู†ูŠ T ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ T of X
218
00:24:38,430 --> 00:24:44,210
ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆู‰ main X ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ูŠุณูˆู‰
219
00:24:44,210 --> 00:24:52,030
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ vector X 1 ูˆ 0 ูˆ 0 ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0
220
00:24:52,030 --> 00:24:59,490
ูˆ X 2 ูˆ 0 ูˆ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰
221
00:24:59,490 --> 00:25:07,910
0ูˆ 0 ูˆ XN ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูƒุชุจุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
222
00:25:07,910 --> 00:25:13,970
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงุฎุฏุช x1 ุนุงู…ู„
223
00:25:13,970 --> 00:25:24,070
ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุจูŠุธู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ 100 ุฒูŠุฏ x2 0 ูˆ 1 ูˆ 0 ูˆ 0 ุฒูŠุฏ ุงู†
224
00:25:24,070 --> 00:25:32,910
ุจูŠุธู„ ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† xn 0 ูˆ 0 ูˆ 1 ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุงูŠุจู‚ู‰
225
00:25:32,910 --> 00:25:38,350
ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‡ูŠุฌูู„ู†ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุฌูˆุฒ ู„ุนู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุฏุฑูƒุชูˆุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
226
00:25:38,350 --> 00:25:43,410
ุงู„ุณุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ุงู†ูŠ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
227
00:25:43,410 --> 00:25:50,630
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุฅู†ู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ ูŠุง ุดุจู†ุงุชุŸ ูƒุฅู†ู‡ X1E1 ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
228
00:25:50,630 --> 00:26:00,820
X2E2 ูˆุถู„ุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุบุงูŠุฉ XNEN ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸุงู„ู€ X ูŠุจู‚ู‰
229
00:26:00,820 --> 00:26:06,600
ุงู„ู€ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุชุจุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ linear
230
00:26:06,600 --> 00:26:12,100
combination ู…ู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ bases ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุงู† T linear
231
00:26:12,100 --> 00:26:17,560
transformation ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸุนู„ู‰ X ูŠุจู‚ู‰
232
00:26:17,560 --> 00:26:22,800
ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฌูŠ ู‡ุงุฎุฏู„ู‡ T of X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰
233
00:26:22,800 --> 00:26:28,780
ุจุชุซูˆูŠ T ู„ู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ูˆู†ุธุฑุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง T Linear
234
00:26:28,780 --> 00:26:36,600
Transformation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ T of X1 E1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ T of X2
235
00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:46,120
E2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏT of X N E N ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง since ู„ุฃู†
236
00:26:46,120 --> 00:26:54,420
T is a linear transformation ุทูŠุจ ู…ู† ุฎูˆุงุตุฉ ุงู„
237
00:26:54,420 --> 00:26:59,240
linear transformation ุงู„ุฃู† ุงู„ E1 vector ุทุจ ูˆ ุงู„ X1
238
00:26:59,240 --> 00:27:14,240
vector ูˆู„ุง scalarุฃูˆู„ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง X1 ููŠ T of E1
239
00:27:14,240 --> 00:27:25,130
ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ููŠ T of E2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ XN ููŠ T of ENูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
240
00:27:25,130 --> 00:27:33,850
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ X1A1 ุฒูŠ ุงู„ X2A2 ุฒูŠ ุงู„ XNAN ุญุณุจ ู…ุง
241
00:27:33,850 --> 00:27:39,110
ู†ูุฑุถ ููˆู‚ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ุทูŠุจ ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ ุงู‡ุงุช ู…ุงู„ู‡ู…
242
00:27:39,110 --> 00:27:46,790
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸ ู…ุตููˆูุงุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุงู„ู‡ ู…ุตููˆูุงุช ุทูŠุจ ุณุคุงู„ ุฃู„ูŠุณ
243
00:27:46,790 --> 00:27:55,080
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุญุงุตู„ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ AXุŸุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€A
244
00:27:55,080 --> 00:28:00,860
ู…ุตูˆูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ ูƒุฃู† ุงู„ู€E1
245
00:28:00,860 --> 00:28:04,740
ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A2 ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A3 ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ
246
00:28:04,740 --> 00:28:05,160
ุงู„ู€A4 ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A5 ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A6 ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ
247
00:28:05,160 --> 00:28:05,180
ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A7 ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A8 ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A9
248
00:28:05,180 --> 00:28:06,220
ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A9 ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A9 ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ
249
00:28:06,220 --> 00:28:06,480
ุงู„ู€A9 ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A9 ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A9 ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ
250
00:28:06,480 --> 00:28:09,080
ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A9 ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A9 ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A9
251
00:28:09,080 --> 00:28:17,640
ู…ุงุตูˆูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€A9ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ ax where ุญูŠุซ ุงู„
252
00:28:17,640 --> 00:28:25,440
a ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุญูˆูุฉ ู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ a1 ูˆ a2 ูˆ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ an ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„
253
00:28:25,440 --> 00:28:31,230
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† A1 ูˆ A2 ูˆ AN ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ูˆุฏ
254
00:28:31,230 --> 00:28:37,530
ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ A ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูุง ุณุงุนุฏุง ุฃูŠ linear
255
00:28:37,530 --> 00:28:41,930
transformation ู…ู† ุงู„ RN ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ RM ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆ
256
00:28:41,930 --> 00:28:48,150
ุฃุจุฏุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ T of X ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 100 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ AX ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
257
00:28:48,150 --> 00:28:54,340
ุญุฏ ููŠูƒู… ุจุชุญุจ ุชุณุฃู„ ุฃูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ู†ุงุŸุทูŠุจ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู†
258
00:28:54,340 --> 00:28:59,160
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ
259
00:29:31,620 --> 00:29:39,580
Example 3 ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
260
00:29:39,580 --> 00:29:52,620
LED T ู…ู† R3 ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ R3 ุจู€ A linear transformation
261
00:29:52,620 --> 00:30:05,450
defined by ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠูู‰ ofX ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
262
00:30:05,450 --> 00:30:16,090
ุนู† TR X1 ูˆ X2 ูˆ X3 ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
263
00:30:16,090 --> 00:30:25,630
ุญุตู„ ุถุฑุจ 101 112213
264
00:30:25,630 --> 00:30:36,400
ููŠ X1 X2 X3ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู†ู…ุฑ
265
00:30:36,400 --> 00:30:49,960
ุงูŠู‡ find ุงู„ kernel ุงู„ุชูŠ and ุงู„ dimension ู„ู„ kernel
266
00:30:49,960 --> 00:31:01,420
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ู…ุฑ ุจูŠู‡ find a bases
267
00:31:07,180 --> 00:31:20,940
Find a basis for R of T and ุงู„ู€ dimension ู„ู„ู€ R of
268
00:31:20,940 --> 00:31:24,660
T ู†ู…ุฑู‡
269
00:31:24,660 --> 00:31:37,560
C Find T of ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู†ู…ุฑู‡ Dis the
270
00:31:37,560 --> 00:31:44,220
element
271
00:31:44,220 --> 00:31:53,860
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุจุนุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ R of T ุงู… ู„ุงุŸ
272
00:32:14,190 --> 00:32:19,150
ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู…ู† ุณุคุงู„ ุฅู„ู‰
273
00:32:19,150 --> 00:32:25,570
ุณุคุงู„ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงูุชุฑุถ T ู…ู† R3 ุฅู„ู‰ R3
274
00:32:25,570 --> 00:32:31,130
ุจูŠู‡ Linear Transformation ูˆุงุถุญ ู…ู† RN ุฅู„ู‰ RM ุงูŠุด
275
00:32:31,130 --> 00:32:35,970
ุงุชูุงุฌู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุตูŠู‚ู‡ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ู…ู† T of X ุจุฏูŠู‡ ุณูˆู‰ ู…ู†ุŸ ุจุฏูŠู‡
276
00:32:35,970 --> 00:32:40,310
ุณูˆู‰ X ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุณุคุงู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
277
00:32:40,310 --> 00:32:45,150
ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุนู…ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
278
00:32:45,410 --> 00:32:49,930
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุงุทู„ ุฃู† ู…ุซุงู„ ุนุฏุฏูŠ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
279
00:32:49,930 --> 00:32:55,350
ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ T of X ุงู„ู€ X
280
00:32:55,350 --> 00:32:59,390
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ R3 ูŠุนู†ูŠ T of X ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ X ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ X
281
00:32:59,390 --> 00:33:04,230
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุชูƒุชุจู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ T of X ูˆุงุญุฏ X
282
00:33:04,230 --> 00:33:10,470
ุงุชู†ูŠู† X ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ A ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง
283
00:33:10,470 --> 00:33:14,430
ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ X ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ X ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ X ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
284
00:33:14,640 --> 00:33:17,780
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Linear Transformation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
285
00:33:17,780 --> 00:33:21,580
ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Linear Transformation ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู€
286
00:33:21,580 --> 00:33:25,730
Kernelูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ dimension ู„ู„ูƒูŠุฑู†ู„ ู„ุงู† ูƒูŠุฑู†ู„ ู…ุงู„ู‡
287
00:33:25,730 --> 00:33:31,790
sub space ูŠุนู†ูŠ space ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ dimension ู„ู‡ ุฌุฏุงุด ุชู†ูŠู†
288
00:33:31,790 --> 00:33:38,350
ุจุฏูŠ basis ู„ู„ range ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ vectors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูˆุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„
289
00:33:38,350 --> 00:33:42,650
range ุชุจุน ู…ู† ุงู„ subspace R of T ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„
290
00:33:42,650 --> 00:33:47,570
dimension ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู„ R of T ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุชู„ุงุญุธุช
291
00:33:47,570 --> 00:33:50,730
ุจ main ุจู…ุทู„ุจูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ุฌุจุช ุงู„ู…ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุตูŠุฑ
292
00:33:50,730 --> 00:33:55,160
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุชุญุตูŠู„ ุญุตู„ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู†ู…ุฑู‰ C ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
293
00:33:55,160 --> 00:33:58,840
ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ T of ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุซู„ุงุซ ุจุชุนุฑู ู‚ุฏุงุด ุตูˆุฑุฉ
294
00:33:58,840 --> 00:34:03,340
ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุซู„ุงุซ ุดูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ
295
00:34:03,340 --> 00:34:08,100
ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ range ุฃู… ู„ุงุŸ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡
296
00:34:08,100 --> 00:34:13,400
ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃุนู„ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ A ู‚ุงู„
297
00:34:13,400 --> 00:34:18,280
ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ ุงู„ kernelุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ kernel ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุญุท
298
00:34:18,280 --> 00:34:24,740
ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุดูƒู„ ุฃู„ุทู ู…ู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒูŠู ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ูŠุชูŠ
299
00:34:24,740 --> 00:34:35,180
of X1 X2 X3 ูƒู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุฏู‡
300
00:34:35,180 --> 00:34:41,490
ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุทุจ ู…ุถุฑุจู‡ู… ููŠ ุจุนุถู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ
301
00:34:41,490 --> 00:34:45,690
ุฑูˆุญุช ุถุฑุจุชู… ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุตู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ
302
00:34:45,690 --> 00:34:54,690
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ x1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ x3 ุงู„ุตู ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ x1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ x2
303
00:34:54,690 --> 00:35:08,130
ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2x3 ุงู„ุตู ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช 2x1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ x2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 3x3 ู‡ุงูŠ
304
00:35:08,130 --> 00:35:13,070
ุถุฑุจู†ุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€linear transformation ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนู†ู‡
305
00:35:13,070 --> 00:35:21,360
ุฌุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุชู„ ุงู„ูƒูŠุฑู†ู„ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู‡ ุงู„ูƒูŠุฑู†ู„ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„
306
00:35:21,360 --> 00:35:26,880
ุงู„ X's ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ R3 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
307
00:35:26,880 --> 00:35:33,580
ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุง T of X ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ูŠุจู‚ู‰
308
00:35:33,580 --> 00:35:39,660
ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ X's ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ X ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ X
309
00:35:39,660 --> 00:35:45,650
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ X ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ R3 ุตุชุด ุฏู‡ู„ู…ุง
310
00:35:45,650 --> 00:35:49,810
ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€T of X ุณุงูˆูŠ 0ุŒ ุงู„ู€T of X ุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
311
00:35:49,810 --> 00:35:54,170
ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ุง
312
00:35:54,170 --> 00:36:00,630
ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏู‡ such that ุงู„ู…ุตูˆูุฉ ุฏูŠ
313
00:36:00,630 --> 00:36:12,850
X1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X3ูˆู‡ู†ุง X1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2 X3 ูˆู‡ู†ุง 2 X1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ
314
00:36:12,850 --> 00:36:20,570
X2 ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X3 ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
315
00:36:20,570 --> 00:36:27,790
ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุทุจู‚ุช ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุงู† ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ู† ุงู„
316
00:36:27,790 --> 00:36:33,830
kernel ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช ุจูŠู‚ูˆุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู‰ ูƒุงู… ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉุŸูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
317
00:36:33,830 --> 00:36:38,630
homogeneous system ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ูˆุฏู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰
318
00:36:38,630 --> 00:36:48,330
ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู† X1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X3 ูŠุณูˆู‰ 0 ูˆ X1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2
319
00:36:48,330 --> 00:36:58,590
X3 ูŠุณูˆู‰ 0 ูˆ 2X1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 3X3 ูŠุณูˆู‰ 0 ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
320
00:36:58,590 --> 00:37:03,230
ุนู† ู…ุงุฐุงุŸHomogeneous System ุจุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ู€
321
00:37:03,230 --> 00:37:07,270
Homogeneous System ุจุฃูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณุจู‚ุช
322
00:37:07,270 --> 00:37:11,870
ุฏุฑุงุณุชู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ Homogeneous ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Non
323
00:37:11,870 --> 00:37:14,890
-Homogeneous ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุญู„
324
00:37:14,890 --> 00:37:19,930
ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ู„ุฌุฃ ู„ู€ Gaussian ูˆู„ุง ู„ู€ Rho Epsilon
325
00:37:19,930 --> 00:37:24,790
Form ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑู‰ ูู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ู„ุช ู‡ู†ุง X ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุชุณุงูˆูŠ
326
00:37:24,790 --> 00:37:32,000
ู…ูŠู† ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุชุŸุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ X3 ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
327
00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:38,640
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุณุงู„ุจ X3 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2
328
00:37:38,640 --> 00:37:48,770
ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2 X3 ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุณุงู„ุจ 2 X3ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2
329
00:37:48,770 --> 00:37:51,710
ุฒุงุฆุฏ X3 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X3 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2
330
00:37:51,710 --> 00:37:52,070
ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2
331
00:37:52,070 --> 00:37:55,290
ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2
332
00:37:55,290 --> 00:37:58,550
ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2
333
00:37:58,550 --> 00:37:58,550
ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2
334
00:37:58,550 --> 00:37:58,550
ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2
335
00:37:58,550 --> 00:38:01,530
ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2
336
00:38:01,530 --> 00:38:11,710
ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X
337
00:38:11,740 --> 00:38:21,720
ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ x2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ x3 ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 0 ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ x2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ x3
338
00:38:21,720 --> 00:38:28,280
ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 0 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู…ู†
339
00:38:28,280 --> 00:38:36,720
ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† x2 ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ x3ูŠุจู‚ู‰
340
00:38:36,720 --> 00:38:44,160
ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช x ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ a then x ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒุฏู‡
341
00:38:44,160 --> 00:38:52,920
ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠูˆ X2 ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุณุงู„ุจ A ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุตุจุญ ุงู„ู€
342
00:38:52,920 --> 00:38:59,340
Kernel ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ Linear Transformation T ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
343
00:38:59,340 --> 00:39:05,920
ู…ู†ุŸ The set of all elements X1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุณุงู„ุจ
344
00:39:05,920 --> 00:39:15,850
A ูˆ X2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ A ูˆ X3 ุงูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจ
345
00:39:15,850 --> 00:39:21,690
ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุน ุดูƒู„ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงูŠู‡
346
00:39:21,690 --> 00:39:27,870
ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ such that ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
347
00:39:27,870 --> 00:39:33,910
ูƒู…ุงู† ุงูŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูŠู† ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ
348
00:39:33,910 --> 00:39:39,570
ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ such that ุงู„ a ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ set of
349
00:39:39,570 --> 00:39:44,330
real numbersูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุญุทูŠุชุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ู‚ูŠูˆุฏ ู„ุฃูŠ ุนุฏุฏ
350
00:39:44,330 --> 00:39:52,070
ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุตุจุญ ุงู„ kernel ู…ู† ู‡ูˆุŸ
351
00:39:52,070 --> 00:39:58,590
ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ vectors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ
352
00:39:58,590 --> 00:40:03,070
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุจุงุณ ุชุณุงูˆูŠู‡ู… ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุชุฎู„ูู‡ู…
353
00:40:03,070 --> 00:40:07,990
ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ vector ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†ุงุช ุฅูŠุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡
354
00:40:07,990 --> 00:40:17,040
ุจุงู„ kernelุŸุจุฌูŠุจ ุจุนุถ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ูƒุฑู†ู† ูˆู„ุง ูƒู„ู‡ู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
355
00:40:17,040 --> 00:40:23,300
ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู†ูุน ูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸbases ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ุญุงู„ู‡ ู„ูŠู†ูŠุงุฑูŠ ู…ุด
356
00:40:23,300 --> 00:40:28,720
ู…ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠู†ูŠุงุฑูŠ independent ุงุซู†ูŠู†
357
00:40:28,720 --> 00:40:33,780
ูƒู„ ุฃู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ kernel ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจ ุฏู„ุชู‡ ุญุทูŠุช ู‚ูŠูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰
358
00:40:33,780 --> 00:40:39,340
ุงูŠู‡ ู„ุฃ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุท ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฌุจูƒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุซุงุจุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
359
00:40:39,340 --> 00:40:43,800
ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ bases ู„ู„ูƒูŠุฑู†ู„ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ vector ุงู„ู„ูŠ
360
00:40:43,800 --> 00:40:53,340
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฐุงVector ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
361
00:40:53,340 --> 00:41:01,200
ุฃูˆ the set ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ vector
362
00:41:01,200 --> 00:41:08,220
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง is a basis
363
00:41:08,220 --> 00:41:24,320
for ุงู„ kernel ุงู„ุชูŠู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ dimension ู„ู„
364
00:41:24,320 --> 00:41:29,660
kernel of T ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌุฏุงุด ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
365
00:41:30,630 --> 00:41:33,890
ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ ุงู„ kernel ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ุชู„ ุงู„
366
00:41:33,890 --> 00:41:40,770
dimension ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูŠุฌุจ ู†ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ kernel ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„
367
00:41:40,770 --> 00:41:45,050
ุงู„ vectors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ
368
00:41:45,050 --> 00:41:50,010
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุจุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ุฎุงู„ูุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
369
00:41:50,010 --> 00:41:55,010
ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ kernel ุฅุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุญุฏุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุง ูƒู… vector
370
00:41:55,010 --> 00:42:03,880
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุชุŸ2 3 4 10 100 ุนุฏุฏ ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ a
371
00:42:03,880 --> 00:42:11,100
ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ vector ุชู…ุงู… ุฅุฐุง ุฌู„ุจู†ุง ุงู„ู€
372
00:42:11,100 --> 00:42:14,940
main ุฌู„ุจู†ุง ุงู„ basis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฌู„ุจู†ุง ุงู„
373
00:42:14,940 --> 00:42:19,540
dimension ู„ู€ main ู„ู„ kernel ุจุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุฌู„ุจ
374
00:42:19,540 --> 00:42:23,540
mainุงู„ู…ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ domain ุงู„
375
00:42:23,540 --> 00:42:29,280
bases ู„ู„ range ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฑูˆุญ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ bases ู„ู„
376
00:42:29,280 --> 00:42:34,720
range ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ element ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ range ูˆู„ุง
377
00:42:34,720 --> 00:42:41,320
ู„ุงุŸ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ element ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
378
00:42:41,320 --> 00:42:47,720
range ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู†ู…ุฑุง a ู†ู…ุฑุง b the b
379
00:42:47,720 --> 00:42:48,980
ุฃูˆ the element
380
00:42:51,600 --> 00:43:00,500
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ X1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X3 ูˆ X1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2
381
00:43:00,500 --> 00:43:14,940
ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2 X3 ูˆ 2 X1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ X2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 3 X3 ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ R of D
382
00:43:14,940 --> 00:43:20,220
ุทุจ ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ element ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุนู…ู„ ู…ู†ู‡
383
00:43:33,550 --> 00:43:36,010
ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ element ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูู‰ ุงู„ range
384
00:43:36,010 --> 00:43:43,650
ุดูˆ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ element ู‡ุฐุง x1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ x3
385
00:43:43,650 --> 00:43:57,150
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏู‡ x1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ x2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2x3 2x1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ x2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 3x3
386
00:43:57,150 --> 00:44:03,470
ูˆูŠุณูˆู‰ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ element ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ R of T ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„
387
00:44:03,470 --> 00:44:07,490
range ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠุด ู‚ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุฌู„ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุงุชุฑูŠู† ู‚ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ
388
00:44:07,490 --> 00:44:13,170
basis ู„ู„ range ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
389
00:44:13,170 --> 00:44:20,770
ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ vectorsุฃู‡ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑุŒ ูƒูŠู ูƒุงู†
390
00:44:20,770 --> 00:44:31,360
ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŸ ุจุฏุงุฎู„ ู‡ู†ุง x1 ูˆู‡ู†ุง x1 ูˆู‡ู†ุง 2x1ู‡ูˆ ุงุฌูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„
391
00:44:31,360 --> 00:44:36,320
ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆู ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงูƒุณ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฒูŠุฑูˆ
392
00:44:36,320 --> 00:44:43,140
ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงูƒุณ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงูƒุณ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒุงุฏ ุจุฏู‡ุงุฌูŠ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ูŠ
393
00:44:43,140 --> 00:44:50,220
ุจุนุฏู‡ ุงูƒุณ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูƒุณ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูƒุณ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
394
00:44:50,220 --> 00:44:57,420
ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ูŠูƒุŸุทูŠุจ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ูˆ ุงุฎุฏุช x ูˆุงุญุฏ
395
00:44:57,420 --> 00:45:04,220
ุจุตูŠุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ zero ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง x
396
00:45:04,220 --> 00:45:10,660
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ x ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุฒุงุฆุฏ x ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
397
00:45:10,660 --> 00:45:17,230
ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
398
00:45:17,230 --> 00:45:21,070
element ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูู‰ ุงู„ range ุญุทูŠุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠุบุฉ
399
00:45:21,070 --> 00:45:27,950
linear combination ู…ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ vectors ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
400
00:45:27,950 --> 00:45:32,790
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูŠ element ูู‰ ุงู„ range ูƒุชุจุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠุบุฉ
401
00:45:32,790 --> 00:45:36,970
linear combination ู…ู† three vectors x1 ูู‰ ุงู„
402
00:45:36,970 --> 00:45:41,010
vector ุฒุงุฏ x2 ูู‰ ุงู„ vector ุฒุงุฏ x3 ูู‰ ุงู„ vector
403
00:45:41,010 --> 00:45:47,950
ุงู„ุชุงู„ู‰ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ linearly independent ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ู…
404
00:45:47,950 --> 00:45:53,610
ุงู„ bases ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนูˆุง linearly dependent ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฏูˆุฑ
405
00:45:53,610 --> 00:46:00,010
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ bases ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุทู„ุน ู‡ูƒ ู†ุฏุฌุฌ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ู„ูˆ ุฌู…ุนุช ุงู„
406
00:46:00,010 --> 00:46:07,150
two vectors ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‚ุฏุด ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
407
00:46:07,150 --> 00:46:13,280
ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชูˆ 1 ุฒูŠ 0 ุจ1 ูˆ 1 ุจ1 ุจ2 ุจ2 ุจ1 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3
408
00:46:13,280 --> 00:46:13,760
ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3
409
00:46:13,760 --> 00:46:14,000
ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3
410
00:46:14,000 --> 00:46:16,760
ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3
411
00:46:16,760 --> 00:46:17,760
ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3
412
00:46:17,760 --> 00:46:17,760
ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3
413
00:46:17,760 --> 00:46:26,640
ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3 ุจ3
414
00:46:26,640 --> 00:46:33,340
ุจูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุจูŠูˆุถูˆู„ ุจูŠูˆุถูˆู„ูŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุงุตุฑ
415
00:46:33,340 --> 00:46:37,740
ุงู„ vector of space ุฃูˆ ุงู„ subspace R of T ุทุจ ูˆ
416
00:46:37,740 --> 00:46:40,480
ุงู„ุชู„ุช ู…ุด ุฌุฒุก ูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ linear combination ู…ู†
417
00:46:40,480 --> 00:46:44,100
ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุฎู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุดุฌุฉ ูˆ
418
00:46:44,100 --> 00:46:46,660
ุงุฏู‰ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุงูˆุฉ ุฒูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุณุงู„ุจ
419
00:46:46,660 --> 00:46:49,240
ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุงูŠู‡ ุฑุฃูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏู‡ ุงุณู… linearly
420
00:46:49,240 --> 00:46:55,200
dependent ู„ูƒู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ linearly independent ูŠุจู‚ู‰
421
00:46:55,200 --> 00:47:04,320
ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุงุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ
422
00:47:04,320 --> 00:47:11,940
ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†
423
00:47:11,940 --> 00:47:17,460
ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฏูˆู„ linearly independent ู„ูƒู† ูŠุง
424
00:47:17,460 --> 00:47:25,480
ุจู†ุงุช ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง the vectorsv1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
425
00:47:25,480 --> 00:47:33,560
11e2 ูˆv2 ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 011r
426
00:47:33,560 --> 00:47:44,700
ู…ุงู„ู‡ linearly independent ุงู„ุณุจุจ because anyone of
427
00:47:44,700 --> 00:47:59,140
v1 and v2 is notmultiple of the other ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
428
00:47:59,140 --> 00:48:04,660
ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุดูƒู„ูˆู„ูŠุŸ
429
00:48:04,660 --> 00:48:09,660
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ R2 ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุณุงุนุฉ
430
00:48:17,300 --> 00:48:34,460
V1 V2 V3
431
00:48:34,460 --> 00:48:34,620
V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V12 V13 V12 V12
432
00:48:34,620 --> 00:48:34,620
V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12
433
00:48:34,620 --> 00:48:35,020
V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12
434
00:48:35,020 --> 00:48:35,080
V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12
435
00:48:35,080 --> 00:48:35,180
V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12
436
00:48:35,180 --> 00:48:35,180
V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12
437
00:48:35,180 --> 00:48:35,180
V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12
438
00:48:35,180 --> 00:48:35,180
V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12
439
00:48:35,180 --> 00:48:39,590
V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V122 ุนุฏุฏ
440
00:48:39,590 --> 00:48:44,570
ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Basel ุฅุฐุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
441
00:48:44,570 --> 00:48:50,270
ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ Basel ู„ู„ R of T of 2 of T ุฌูŠุจู†ุงู„ู‡ ูˆ
442
00:48:50,270 --> 00:48:53,130
ู‚ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ ุงู„ dimension ุฌูŠุจู†ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ dimension
443
00:48:53,130 --> 00:48:58,810
ู‚ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ T of 1 ูˆ 2 ูˆ 3 ุฅุฐุง
444
00:48:58,810 --> 00:49:02,850
ุจูŠุฏุงุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุฏ
445
00:49:15,200 --> 00:49:21,440
ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู†ู…ุฑู‰ ุงู„ู€C ุจุฏู†ุง T of ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุชู†ูŠู†
446
00:49:21,440 --> 00:49:29,300
ูˆุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
447
00:49:29,300 --> 00:49:38,550
ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู„ู‡ุŸ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ูŠุŸ ู…ุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸู…ุด T of element
448
00:49:38,550 --> 00:49:42,250
ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃูŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ range ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
449
00:49:42,250 --> 00:49:47,550
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ X1 ุฒูŠ X3 ูƒุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
450
00:49:47,550 --> 00:49:54,210
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู† X1 ุฒูŠ X3 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ 1 ุฒูŠ 3
451
00:49:56,030 --> 00:50:05,930
ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ X1 ุฒูŠ X2 ุฒูŠ 2X3 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ 1 ุฒูŠ 2 ุฒูŠ 3
452
00:50:11,050 --> 00:50:21,370
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช 2x1 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ 2 ููŠ 1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ
453
00:50:21,370 --> 00:50:28,010
3 ููŠ 3 ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุงุชู…ุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
454
00:50:28,010 --> 00:50:33,010
ูƒุฏุงุด ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ
455
00:50:33,010 --> 00:50:38,850
ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุญุฏุงุด ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุชุงุด ุงุฐุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ
456
00:50:38,850 --> 00:50:44,370
ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุชุงุด ุงุธู†
457
00:50:44,370 --> 00:50:48,210
ูˆุงุถุญ ุงุฏู‰ ูƒูŠู ุฌูŠุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุฌูŠุจู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู„ู…ุง
458
00:50:48,210 --> 00:50:51,430
ู‚ู„ู†ุง T of X ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ X ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุถุฑุจู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุตููˆู T
459
00:50:51,430 --> 00:50:56,330
ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุงุฏูˆู„ ุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุงุทูŠุจ
460
00:50:56,330 --> 00:51:00,550
ุจุณุฃู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ุณุคุงู„ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
461
00:51:00,550 --> 00:51:05,450
range ุฃู… ู„ุงุŸ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃุนู„ู… ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุดูˆู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู„
462
00:51:05,450 --> 00:51:09,970
ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ range ุชุจุน
463
00:51:09,970 --> 00:51:16,130
ุงู„ T ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจุณุฃู„ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ business ุชุจุน ุงู„ TุŸุฅุฐุง
464
00:51:16,130 --> 00:51:20,610
ู‚ุฏุฑู†ุง ู†ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ linear combination
465
00:51:20,610 --> 00:51:25,050
ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ range ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ
466
00:51:25,050 --> 00:51:30,580
ูˆุฅุฐุง ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑู†ุงุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูƒูˆู† ุจุฑุง ุงู„ rangeุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ
467
00:51:30,580 --> 00:51:35,540
ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู†ู…ุฑุฏูŠ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ
468
00:51:35,540 --> 00:51:41,680
ูˆุณุจุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุจุนุฉ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
469
00:51:41,680 --> 00:51:48,080
ู…ุตูˆู ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง if and ู‚ูˆู„ูŠ
470
00:51:48,080 --> 00:51:55,390
if ูˆ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ ููˆู‚ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒุŸุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจ
471
00:51:55,390 --> 00:51:59,970
ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดูƒู„ู‹ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฌุฏ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
472
00:51:59,970 --> 00:52:06,010
ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ
473
00:52:06,010 --> 00:52:13,250
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฒูŠู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุจุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจ
474
00:52:13,250 --> 00:52:16,170
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฒุงุฏ
475
00:52:17,970 --> 00:52:22,250
ุฃูŠุด ุจูŠุธู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงุชู†ูŠู†
476
00:52:22,250 --> 00:52:26,910
ุจูŠุธู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ Zero ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุธู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ
477
00:52:26,910 --> 00:52:32,170
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูŠุธู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
478
00:52:32,170 --> 00:52:36,670
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… .. ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฎุฏูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุฃูŠุด ุจูŠุธู„
479
00:52:36,670 --> 00:52:41,890
ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฎุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ
480
00:52:41,890 --> 00:52:46,910
Zero ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ linear combination ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŸูŠุจู‚ู‰
481
00:52:46,910 --> 00:52:50,950
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ range ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุชุจุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
482
00:52:50,950 --> 00:52:56,390
element ุจูˆุงุณุท ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุจุฐู„ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ุฌุฏุฑุชุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
483
00:52:56,390 --> 00:53:00,930
ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ู„ูƒู†
484
00:53:00,930 --> 00:53:04,590
ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุงู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุจุนุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุตู„ุง ููŠ
485
00:53:04,590 --> 00:53:07,470
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุตู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงุฑูˆุญ ุงุญู„ ุงู„ non
486
00:53:07,470 --> 00:53:15,710
homogeneous system ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰
487
00:53:16,490 --> 00:53:26,090
ุฅุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุจุนุฉ is a linear combination of the
488
00:53:26,090 --> 00:53:41,660
elements of the basesof R of T Thus ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงุชู†ูŠู†
489
00:53:41,660 --> 00:53:53,540
ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ R of T ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุญุฏ
490
00:53:53,540 --> 00:53:58,980
ููŠูƒู… ุจุชุญุจ ุชุณุฃู„ ุงูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุง ู…ุงู†ุงู„ุŸ ุงูŠ ุณุคุงู„ุŸุทุจ
491
00:53:58,980 --> 00:54:03,480
ู„ุงุฒู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ section ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
492
00:54:03,480 --> 00:54:07,880
ู„ุณู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ section
493
00:54:07,880 --> 00:54:13,000
ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช very important ูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุณุคุงู„ ููŠ
494
00:54:13,000 --> 00:54:17,720
ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ูุตู„ ูˆ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุถุน ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ุงุฒู…
495
00:54:17,720 --> 00:54:19,620
ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนููˆ