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19,500 own share stake
THE Herald and Weekly Times had 19,500 shareholders, spread throughout
every state in Australia, at September 30 |
But Industrial Equity Ltd, Advertiser Newspapers and Queensland Press
all are substantial shareholders owning more than 10 per cent |
The make up of the HWT share registry has been the subject of considerable
speculation and a detailed breakdown shows 17,000 shareholders own 5000
or fewer shares |
Fifty-one per cent of HWT shareholders have held their shares for more
than 10 years |
Further analysis reveals 9868 shareholders have between one and 1000
shares; 7344 have between 1001 and 5000 and 1368 hold between 5001 and 10,000 |
The chief executive, Mr John D'Arcy, holds 160,000 ordinary 50c shares
paid to 1c and another executive director, Mr E.J.L. Turnbull, holds 125,000
1c-paid shares |
In September 1986 the acquisition of the Leader Media Group was paid for
by the issue of 4.85 million shares and cash payment |
Directors said they considered it practical and prudent to acquire all
Gordon & Gotch Ltd shares |
null |
"I'm PREGNANT ... and i don't know what to do"
"It could never happen to me..." So many girls fool themselves like this |
The truth is, one in 20 teenage girls will fall pregnant. What if you're
faced with pregnancy? What are your options?
By Daphne Sider
Louise grew up living with her mother in a southern suburb of Sydney |
She fell pregnant at the age of 15 and was determined to keep her baby |
Now Ashley is a beautiful and happy three-year-old |
"When I fell pregnant the first person I told was a good friend of mine
who was much older. She said I could move into her place because I was fighting
with my mother, and we discussed what I was going to do |
"I was determined to keep my baby because I didn't feel abortion was right
for me. I was really happy about being pregnant. You see, before all this
I was really wild. I was always getting drunk and just out for a good time |
I felt a real fear of responsibility. But after I had Ashley, I realised that
someone else's life depended on me being stable |
"Also , I wasn't getting on with Mum. I felt she had abandoned me and
I really wanted someone who needed me and loved me |
"Now I've got to think of things like budgeting and I don't waste money
anymore. I feel heaps more mature than other girls my age, because Ashley
needs me to be |
"I didn't set out to get pregnant. I didn't use contraceptives because
I never thought it would happen to me. I'd had sexual relationships before
and counted on my luck. Ashley's father and I hung out together for about
two months. He was Indian and never told his family about me because they
would have freaked if they knew he was seeing an Australian girl. He was
15 too. Ashley was conceived the very first time we slept together |
"I don't see him anymore. It was best that we separated. Maybe when he's
older he'll be able to handle the situation better. I don't feel I need
his money or anything, but maybe Ashley will ask for his support one day |
"Currently we're living on a Supporting Mother's Pension. It's hard to
exist on a little over a hundred dollars a week, but I'm lucky enough to
have other friends who help me out |
"I like the thought that when I'm 30 Ashley will be 15. I'll have just
stopped doing the things that she's getting into and so I'll be able to
understand her and I hope she'll never have to lie to me. We'll be friends
leading a similar lifestyle."
One in 20 teenage girls in Australia became pregnant in 1984. More recent
statistics aren't available yet, but it looks like the trend is continuing |
The majority of girls will opt for abortion, fewer will become single mothers
and fewer still will marry. The numbers that will have their babies adopted
are miniscule.
The reasons for this rate of pregnancy among young, unmarried girls are
varied, but naturally enough it begins with the level of sexual activity:
It's increasing, starting at an earlier age for both girls and guys |
Studies have shown that the earlier you start having sex, the greater
the risk of becoming pregnant soon after. One-fifth of teenage pregnancies
start within a month of first having sex, and half will occur within six
months |
More reasons why: Although there appears to be an increased knowledge
of contraception, their use is still relatively low. This could be due to
lack of access; unplanned sex; worries that parents might find them; a fear
that using contraception may indicate loose morals; the belief that "it
could never happen to me"; and basically, not considering the consequences
of unprotected sex |
Also, some girls won't admit to themselves that they are involved in a
sexual relationship. For moral reasons they'd prefer to take a deliberate
risk, rather than a real precaution, as a way of reassuring themselves it's
a one-off situation. Even though it may very well be a one-off affair,
the risks of pregnancy are too high to ignore.
For a teenage girl who feels unloved or unwanted, having a baby may be
seen as the answer. It needs looking after and is wholly dependent and will
provide love and, for some girls, a real purpose for living. Some also view
motherhood as a means of achieving self-worth or independence |
Sue King, executive officer of Preterm, Sydney, says that alcohol is another
major cause of pregnancy among young girls. When they get drunk they often
forget themselves, and have sex without thinking or without really wanting
to. That's where the problems start |
With free discussion of sex in magazines, books, films and amongst peers,
coupled with the option of contraceptives and their ready availability,
you may be sceptical about the relatively high incidence of teenage pregnancy |
The problem lies with the confusing attitudes towards the subject. It's
promoted by some, it's rejected by others ... just think of the messages
you're getting from the media, peers and parents |
SINGLE MOTHERS
Like Louise, between 25 and 35 per cent of young, unmarried girls who
fall pregnant will decide to keep their babies. It's a hard decision to
make as it affects the rest of their lives and their relationships with
parents, friends and future loves. It's a decision which also affects their
social and economic prospects |
Some of the real problems they face may include isolation and lack of
support; inadequate income coupled with fewer employment opportunities;
limited education; poor housing; inadequate medical care both during and
after the pregnancy; and fewer opportunities for free time from being a
parent |
Louise stressed the value of having friends, particularly those older
and more experienced, who help with the baby's upbringing and with finance |
But not all teenagers are so lucky. Some risk alienation from their families,
boyfriends and friends |
So what are her other options and how does she decide? Generally it will
depend on her age, her family, personal beliefs and values, her knowledge
and access to prenatal services, the length of the pregnancy before it's
confirmed, whether she sees a child as interrupting her future plans, and
whether she feels motherhood is a natural and inevitable conclusion for
her |
These days options available to girls faced with an unplanned pregnancy
seem to be changing in emphasis. They will more than likely opt for abortion
or single parenthood rather than adoption or forced marriage |
ABORTION
The majority of girls - between 35 and 50 per cent - will choose to end
their pregnancy by abortion. It's an extremely stressful and emotional decision
for any girl to make, but in Jenny's case she felt it was her only option |
At the age of 18, Jenny suspected she was pregnant. This suspicion was
confirmed for her when she missed her period (which she'd never done before) |
Jenny talked it over with her boyfriend. She'd been going out with him for
more than a year and, although there was no reason for it, she felt it was
a way of gaining more of his attention |
At that time what frustrated Jenny was that she had to wait six weeks
after her missed period to have a pregnancy test done at the Family Planning
Clinic. She knew she'd choose to have an abortion. There was no way she
was about to give up her studies, her career plans, her independence. And
it seemed outrageous to her that her parents and boyfriend should suffer
for it, as she was sure they would |
The test proved her suspicions. She wanted to cry but couldn't. She felt
sorry for herself, not for what she was going to do. And the same sentiment
carried her through the abortion and the days to follow |
Jenny's boyfriend, Mark, was with her all the way. He accompanied her
to the clinic and offered moral support. Jenny's not quite sure what his
reaction would have been had she decided to keep the baby, but doesn't think
it's important now anyway |
Prior to the abortion she was counselled. It was the first time she'd
been counselled about anything and she appreciated it, although she didn't
feel she really needed it. Other girls in the clinic that day were quite
hysterical. Jenny felt cold - a little religious remorse perhaps, but she
put that aside too.
It all happened in about ten minutes. That night she went home, cooked
dinner for herself and her parents, and told them the movie she'd seen that
day was interesting |
It was a relief for Jenny that the problem faced by her unplanned pregnancy
was gone, and although sentimental when relating her experiences to me,
there was no remorse at all |
But the ethical problems of remorse do affect many people. Those who believe
human life begins at the moment of conception will probably be outraged
at Jenny's apparent lack of concern for her child. Their vocal protests
are the reasons why many clinics must lock their doors, which can only open
after you've knocked |
The physical risks of a young girl giving birth are reason enough for
some to choose abortion. Medical reports suggest that young girls, particularly
those under 16, have a greater chance of giving birth to a premature baby
and developing anaemia or high blood pressure in pregnancy, as well as
suffering many other complications |
MARRIAGE
Marriage is an option, but a limited one. Teenage marriages have a poor
success rate - nearly half break up within five years. Adolescence is probably
the most unstable period of anyone's life; you change your attitudes, you
experiment in all types of ways. It's difficult to imagine that a decision
you make, particularly under duress, will be right for you in years to come |
Still, 15 to 25 per cent of pregnant teenagers will choose to marry by the
time their babies are born.
ADOPTION
The percentage of girls who put their babies up for adoption is very small
indeed. That's not so surprising, when you consider that they have carried
a child for some nine months |
WHERE TO GO FOR HELP
It's been proven that the numbers of pregnant teenagers in countries where
contraception and advice are readily available are considerably lower than
those countries where it's not. Limiting the availability of family planning
courses results only in sex without protection |
Teenagers are not too immature to use contraceptives effectively. The
problem is ignorance |
There are many counselling services you can ring or visit to ask for
pregnancy help or advice. Youthline is one of them; it's a young person's
version of Lifeline. Fifty per cent of all the calls they get deal with
pregnancy. Girls facing the prospect of an unplanned pregnancy, or those
pregnant girls who need information about their health and financial
situations, or who require accommodation, are usually the ones who call |
The counsellors at Youthline are aged between 18 and 30; they are
welltrained to offer you all the options available but will not give
subjective advice. Youthline is a national counselling service and can be
contacted on the following numbers: |
Vibrations, yes; Good, no
MY SHIRT cuffs vibrated and my ears rang throughout Jimmy Barnes's second
concert at the Entertainment Centre last night |
Excruciating guitar solos and the regressive, aggressive condition of
Barnes's rock left me cold despite the deafening volume |
Barnes's Heavy Metal voice was little more than a raucous yell on this
occasion, too ragged to convey any clear emotion. His lyrics were
unintelligible, buried deep beneath four guitars |
He and his six-piece band stormed forth in a peircing assembly of lights,
relaying "Ride The Night Away", "Working Class Man" and other monotone dirges
from Barnes's two LPs - yet if bouncing bodies are any indication, mine is a
minority opinion |
Barnes wore a Streetbeat T-shirt in support of the "Don't drink and drive"
campaign. But as he left the stage after his encore, he raised his (full) glass
in salute to his fans and made a mockery of Streetbeat's message |
Barnes has blasted ears and lasted years. |
Another Paraclete
No matter how many books or articles we read on the subject the Holy Spirit
is always more difficult to picture than God the Father or God the Son |
But we get some help from today's Gospel |
Jesus Christ speaks of sending "another Advocate". "If you love me you
will keep my commandments. I shall ask the Father and he will give you another
advocate to be with you forever" |
We really need a combination of words to describe the Holy Spirit and
His role. There is the Greek word Paraclete which means the person who is
called to the side of one in need of assistance, particularly in legal
processes. So from that we have words like advocate, intercessor, defender,
mediator, helper. Then there are other words like teacher, consoler, friend |
The Holy Spirit is all that and more |
Today's Gospel also gives us another clue. By speaking of another Advocate,
Jesus seems to imply that He is the first Advocate and now there will be
another like Himself. So we can conclude that what Jesus did for His friends
during His life on earth, the new Advocate will continue to do for the
followers of Christ down through the ages. The Gospel (Jn 14) tells us He
is the spirit of truth ... that He will teach the disciples all truth and
bring to their minds what Jesus taught them ... He will bear witness to Jesus |
So we can be sure the Holy Spirit is present in the Church today as He
has been for the past more than 1900 years. He is teaching and guiding the
Church enabling it to come to an ever deeper understanding and a more complete
grasp of the message of Christ. We can be sure He is still inspiring the
followers of Christ to remain steadfast in their faith, encouraging and
strengthening them to live by Christ's teaching and bring His message to
the world |
The work of the Spirit is vividly demonstrated in today's First Reading
which describes the wonderful events of Pentecost. Although the apostles
had listened to Christ and seen Him do marvellous things, they really did
not understand Him or His mission. But with the coming of the Spirit everything
fell into place. They knew Christ as they had never known Him before and
wanted to tell the world about Him |
Today we pray that the Holy Spirit will "continue to work in the world
through the hearts of all who believe" (Opening Prayer) |
Wm. H. Stinson, C.SS.R. |
Bread pan care in the bakery By PHIL MARTIN, managing director, Mackies Pty Ltd.
Your investment in baking pans is a major one, by the fact that to achieve
the desired output, a quantity of pans or pan sets must be purchased |
One individual set of pans does not cost a great deal of money, by today's
standards |
However, multiply by the quantity needed to bake to the oven's capacity,
and the monetary numbers change dramatically |
Yet in so many bakeries there appears to be an attitude of: "well, we have
plenty of these, it doesn't matter if we knock a few around" or "let's take
our temper out on the bread pans when there is an oven or mechanical jam
up, resulting in a break down, or "let's throw some around because we have
plenty more" |
Go into most bakeries and you can hear the damage happening |
So many times have I heard the comments "they don't make bread pans like they
used to" or "the material is different, they don't seem to stand up to the
temperature like they used to" |
I can assure you they are as strong as, and stronger than, they used
to be, and there are many variations of strengthening accessories, which
can be added to, or built in, to suit the potential damage points in the
individual bakery, without drastically adding to the weight of the pan set |
Let's put the initial pan cost and the damage to one side for a moment |
What about the product's shape, what about the function of the baking
pan in terms of easy and smooth reliable release, so that cripples are not
created at the point of depanning |
For each loaf lost is an unretrievable cost |
After all, the whole aim in the commercial production of bread is to present
a product that is not only good quality and good to eat, but of good appearance
in shape and colour with maximum sales appeal |
A baking pan is a mould just like a casting mould |
The shape of the casting is caused by the mould shape after the pattern
has been removed |
The same thing happens with baked product |
The shape of the pan is determined by the die or tool it is made with |
This is, in effect, the pattern which determines the shape and size of
the pan |
The shape of the pan is the shape of the loaf.
If the pans are all mis-shapen and bent from ill-treatment and lack of maintenance,
then that is the shape the bread will be |
Excercising pan care by regular maintenance can reduce excessive damage
and wear |
Tighter control and communication with employees involved with pan handling,
regular correcting adjustments of conveyors and mechanical equipment all
help to keep your investment in the shape they were in at the start |
Regular pan maintenance should not be regarded as an additional cost |
The better you keep your pans, the better the ongoing results you will
enjoy with more uniform and consistent shape |
Better shaped product not only has better eye appeal, it gives fewer problems
at the bagging machines, it packs into plastic crates and containers more
evenly and easily, it looks better at the point of sale |
Well kept and clean pans ensure numerous advantages and savings, such
as less costly mechanical hiccups - clean pans with a well maintained baking
surface use far less energy, which, over 12 months in an average size oven,
is mind boggling in cost savings |
There are oil savings because well maintained pans release product easily |
Frustrations among bakery personnel are significantly reduced when pans
are easy to stack and unstack |
If you start off with the right pans with the right sort of finish - and
what I mean by the right sort of finish - is not whether the pans are made
from tinplate or aluminium coated steel (steelumat) rather I am referring
to the additional advantage of factory conditioning |
Factory conditioning is the term we use as pan manufacturers, which most
bakers would refer to as "burning in" or "greening" |
About 30 years ago, it was the accepted thing for baking pans to be delivered
or supplied to the bakery, made from shiny tinplate |
The procedure then was to take delivery several days before the pans could
be successfully used, and subject them to a burning in process to make them
ready to produce an acceptably coloured product |
The reflective nature of the new metal surface would not readily absorb
heat and transfer it to the loaf crust, and without burning in or conditioning
the pans, it was, not impossible, but very difficult to bake a loaf with
good crust colour |
The burning in process within the bakery was to apply huge amounts of
lard, mostly by hand, place the pans in the oven and apply excessive heat
in an attempt to actually darken or blacken the pans by burning |
With the presence of a fairly liberal amount of tin on the metal surface,
because in those days the tin was applied by the hot dip process, (no longer
available) and the absence of the insulating effect of the dough piece,
the pans in most cases suffered damage which was irreparable |
As a result of this continued problem, much experimenting was carried out
which resulted in the development of what was to become known as RK47 |
End of preview. Expand
in Dataset Viewer.
Australian Corpus of English (ACE)
Overview
Keywords: Australian English, Corpus linguistics.
The Australian Corpus of English (ACE) corpus was compiled to match Australian data from 1986 to the standard American and British corpora (Brown and LOB) from the 1960s. It includes 1 million words of published text in 500 samples from 15 categories of nonfiction and fiction.
Data Source
The original dataset is from Macquarie University Research Data - Australian Corpus of English (ACE) and licensed under CC BY 4.0.
The current dataset is cleaned by Gillian Law and the uncleaned dataset can be found on GitHub.
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