Datasets:

PranavHarshan

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sharegpt_formatted_pubmed_rct

like 0

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of low-fluence argon laser ( al ) irradiation and acidulated phosphate fluoride ( apf ) gel treatment on enamel microhardness .", "twelve mandibular permanent molars were selected for this study .", "the teeth were sectioned generating @ flat enamel surfaces per tooth .", "the flattened enamel tooth surfaces were randomly assigned to @ of @ treatment groups : ( @ ) no treatment ( control ) ; ( @ ) the enamel surface was exposed to a @-minute , @ % apf gel treatment ; ( @ ) the enamel surface was exposed to al irradiation of @ j/cm@ ( @ @-w , @-mm beam size , @ seconds ) ; and ( @ ) the enamel surface was exposed to the same al irradiation followed by an apf gel treatment .", "using a buehler micromet ii digital microhardness tester , knoop hardness was determined using a @,@-gram load and a dwell time of @ seconds .", "five hardness values were recorded for each enamel surface .", "data were analyzed using anova and fisher 's least significant difference post-hoc test .", "mean surface hardness values ( + / - sd ) were @ + / -@ knoop hardness ( hk ) for the no treatment ( control ) , @ + / -@ hk for the apf-only group , @ + / -@ hk for the al-only group , and @ + / -@ hk for the al-before-apf group .", "the al-only and al-before-apf groups had significantly higher ( p < @ ) surface hardness values vs the apf-only group .", "enamel surface microhardness is higher when exposed to low al irradiation only or al before apf vs a no treatment ( control ) enamel surface ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of low-fluence argon laser ( al ) irradiation and acidulated phosphate fluoride ( apf ) gel treatment on enamel microhardness .', 'twelve mandibular permanent molars were selected for this study .', 'the teeth were sectioned generating @ flat enamel surfaces per tooth .', 'the flattened enamel tooth surfaces were randomly assigned to @ of @ treatment groups : ( @ ) no treatment ( control ) ; ( @ ) the enamel surface was exposed to a @-minute , @ % apf gel treatment ; ( @ ) the enamel surface was exposed to al irradiation of @ j/cm@ ( @ @-w , @-mm beam size , @ seconds ) ; and ( @ ) the enamel surface was exposed to the same al irradiation followed by an apf gel treatment .', 'using a buehler micromet ii digital microhardness tester , knoop hardness was determined using a @,@-gram load and a dwell time of @ seconds .', 'five hardness values were recorded for each enamel surface .', \"data were analyzed using anova and fisher 's least significant difference post-hoc test .\", 'mean surface hardness values ( + / - sd ) were @ + / -@ knoop hardness ( hk ) for the no treatment ( control ) , @ + / -@ hk for the apf-only group , @ + / -@ hk for the al-only group , and @ + / -@ hk for the al-before-apf group .', 'the al-only and al-before-apf groups had significantly higher ( p < @ ) surface hardness values vs the apf-only group .', 'enamel surface microhardness is higher when exposed to low al irradiation only or al before apf vs a no treatment ( control ) enamel surface .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "japan epa lipid intervention study ( jelis ) was a large-scale clinical trial examining the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid ( epa ) on coronary artery disease ( cad ) in hypercholesterolemic patients .", "herein , we focused on risk factors other than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl-c ) to investigate the effects of epa on cad among jelis primary prevention cases .", "hypercholesterolemic patients on statin therapy but without evidence of cad ( n = @,@ ) were randomly assigned to an epa group ( n = @ ) or a control group ( n = @ ) .", "the relationships between incident cad , the number of cad risk factors ( hypercholesterolemia ; obesity ; high triglyceride ( tg ) or low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl-c ) ; diabetes ; and hypertension ) and epa treatment were investigated .", "for the control and epa groups combined , a higher number of risk factors was directly associated with an increased incidence of cad .", "incidence was lower for the epa group than for the control group regardless of the numbers of risk factors .", "compared to patients with normal serum tg and hdl-c levels , those with abnormal levels ( tg > or = @ mg/dl ; hdl-c < @ mg/dl ) had significantly higher cad hazard ratio ( hr : @ ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "in this higher risk group , epa treatment suppressed the risk of cad by @ % ( hr : @ ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "multiple risk factors besides cholesterol are associated with markedly increased incidence of cad .", "high tg with low hdl-c represents a particularly potent risk factor .", "epa was effective in reducing the incidence of cad events for patients with this dyslipidemic pattern , suggesting that epa may be especially beneficial in patients who with abnormal tg and hdl-c levels ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['japan epa lipid intervention study ( jelis ) was a large-scale clinical trial examining the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid ( epa ) on coronary artery disease ( cad ) in hypercholesterolemic patients .', 'herein , we focused on risk factors other than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl-c ) to investigate the effects of epa on cad among jelis primary prevention cases .', 'hypercholesterolemic patients on statin therapy but without evidence of cad ( n = @,@ ) were randomly assigned to an epa group ( n = @ ) or a control group ( n = @ ) .', 'the relationships between incident cad , the number of cad risk factors ( hypercholesterolemia ; obesity ; high triglyceride ( tg ) or low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl-c ) ; diabetes ; and hypertension ) and epa treatment were investigated .', 'for the control and epa groups combined , a higher number of risk factors was directly associated with an increased incidence of cad .', 'incidence was lower for the epa group than for the control group regardless of the numbers of risk factors .', 'compared to patients with normal serum tg and hdl-c levels , those with abnormal levels ( tg > or = @ mg/dl ; hdl-c < @ mg/dl ) had significantly higher cad hazard ratio ( hr : @ ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .', 'in this higher risk group , epa treatment suppressed the risk of cad by @ % ( hr : @ ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .', 'multiple risk factors besides cholesterol are associated with markedly increased incidence of cad .', 'high tg with low hdl-c represents a particularly potent risk factor .', 'epa was effective in reducing the incidence of cad events for patients with this dyslipidemic pattern , suggesting that epa may be especially beneficial in patients who with abnormal tg and hdl-c levels .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "blockade of the renin-angiotensin system with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors improves outcomes and symptoms in patients with heart failure ( hf ) .", "we compared effects of losartan to captopril on mortality , morbidity , and functional status for patients in the elite ii study .", "a total of @ patients , aged @ years or older , with new york heart association ( nyha ) classes ii to iv hf and ejection fraction < or = @ % were assigned to receive losartan @ mg once daily or captopril @ mg @ times daily .", "outcome measures included all-cause and hf-related mortality , hospitalizations , and discontinuations ; change in nyha class ; and quality of life ( qol ) .", "hf-related outcomes were not significantly different between therapies .", "similar improvements from baseline ( p < @ ) in nyha class were observed within both treatment groups .", "among @ qol participants , @ patients survived at least @ year ; the qol for @-year survivors improved in both treatment groups ( p < @ vs baseline ) and did not differ between groups .", "in elite ii , the effects of losartan on hf-related outcomes , nyha class , and qol were not superior to those of captopril .", "although angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors remain the treatment of choice for patients with hf , the similarity of the findings in the present analysis supports a role for angiotensin-receptor antagonists in this patient population ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['blockade of the renin-angiotensin system with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors improves outcomes and symptoms in patients with heart failure ( hf ) .', 'we compared effects of losartan to captopril on mortality , morbidity , and functional status for patients in the elite ii study .', 'a total of @ patients , aged @ years or older , with new york heart association ( nyha ) classes ii to iv hf and ejection fraction < or = @ % were assigned to receive losartan @ mg once daily or captopril @ mg @ times daily .', 'outcome measures included all-cause and hf-related mortality , hospitalizations , and discontinuations ; change in nyha class ; and quality of life ( qol ) .', 'hf-related outcomes were not significantly different between therapies .', 'similar improvements from baseline ( p < @ ) in nyha class were observed within both treatment groups .', 'among @ qol participants , @ patients survived at least @ year ; the qol for @-year survivors improved in both treatment groups ( p < @ vs baseline ) and did not differ between groups .', 'in elite ii , the effects of losartan on hf-related outcomes , nyha class , and qol were not superior to those of captopril .', 'although angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors remain the treatment of choice for patients with hf , the similarity of the findings in the present analysis supports a role for angiotensin-receptor antagonists in this patient population .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "there is still uncertainty regarding the best treatment optionfor depressed inpatients and the best strategy to follow if patient response is insufficient .", "to compare the efficacy of imipramine and fluvoxamine in depressed inpatients who subsequently received lithium supplement in case of poor response .", "after a drug-free period and four days of placebo use , patients were randomised either to imipramine or to fluvoxamine ( phase @ ) ; the antidepressant dosage was fixed according to a predetermined plasma level .", "the efficacy of the antidepressant was evaluated four weeks after the predetermined plasma level had been attained .", "if patient response was inadequate , the antidepressant was augmented with lithium ( phase @ ) .", "patient response to the lithium addition was evaluated three weeks after an adequate lithium level had been attained .", "the study involved @ inpatients .", "at the end of phase @ , imipramine was found to be superior tofluvoxamine according to the clinical global impression of improvement .", "remission was achieved by @ ( @ % ) patients on imipramine and by @ ( @ % ) patients on fluvoxamine ; this difference was not statistically significant .", "at the end of phase @ , @ ( @ % ) patients on imipramine and @ ( @ % ) patients on fluvoxamine achieved remission , this significant difference demonstrating the superiority of the imipramine strategy .", "imipramine with subsequent lithium addition is superior to a similar strategy with fluvoxamine ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['there is still uncertainty regarding the best treatment optionfor depressed inpatients and the best strategy to follow if patient response is insufficient .', 'to compare the efficacy of imipramine and fluvoxamine in depressed inpatients who subsequently received lithium supplement in case of poor response .', 'after a drug-free period and four days of placebo use , patients were randomised either to imipramine or to fluvoxamine ( phase @ ) ; the antidepressant dosage was fixed according to a predetermined plasma level .', 'the efficacy of the antidepressant was evaluated four weeks after the predetermined plasma level had been attained .', 'if patient response was inadequate , the antidepressant was augmented with lithium ( phase @ ) .', 'patient response to the lithium addition was evaluated three weeks after an adequate lithium level had been attained .', 'the study involved @ inpatients .', 'at the end of phase @ , imipramine was found to be superior tofluvoxamine according to the clinical global impression of improvement .', 'remission was achieved by @ ( @ % ) patients on imipramine and by @ ( @ % ) patients on fluvoxamine ; this difference was not statistically significant .', 'at the end of phase @ , @ ( @ % ) patients on imipramine and @ ( @ % ) patients on fluvoxamine achieved remission , this significant difference demonstrating the superiority of the imipramine strategy .', 'imipramine with subsequent lithium addition is superior to a similar strategy with fluvoxamine .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "conventional methods for treating patients with recurrent hepatolithiasis associated with complicated intrahepatic biliary strictures include balloon dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary strictures , lithotripsy , and the clearance of difficult stones as completely as possible , with the placement of an external-internal stent for at least @ months .", "after these modalities are used , symptomatic refractory strictures remain .", "recently we used internal gianturco-rosch metallic z stents to treat patients who had refractory strictures .", "to compare therapeutic results and complications of an internal expandable metallic z stent with those of repeated external-internal stent placement .", "case-control study .", "a referral center .", "from january @ to december @ , @ patients with recurrent hepatolithiasis and complicated intrahepatic biliary strictures underwent percutaneous dilatation of stricture and transhepatic percutaneous cholangioscopic lithotomy for recurrent stones .", "after their stones were completely cleared , their biliary strictures failed to dilate satisfactorily .", "the patients were randomly enrolled into @ groups : group a ( @ patients ) , who received an expandable metallic z stent , and group b ( @ patients ) , who had repeated placement of external-internal stents .", "percutaneous stricture dilatation , electrohydraulic lithotripsy , balloon dilatation , percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotomy , and biliary stenting by a silastic external-internal catheter or a modified gianturco-rosch expandable metallic z stent ( for an internal stent ) .", "the number of procedures , days in hospital , procedure-related complications , incidents of stone recurrence and recurrence of cholangitis , readmissions to the hospital , treatment sessions required , and mortality rate .", "patients ' limitations in ordinary activities were also compared .", "the follow-up period ranged from @ to @ ( @ + / -@ [ mean + / - sd ] ) months in group a and from @ to @ ( @ + / -@ ) months in group b. fewer group a patients ( @ [ @ % ] ) than group b patients ( @ [ @ % ] ) tended to have recurrent cholangitis and to require readmission to the hospital , but this was not statistically significant ( p = @ ) .", "when their cumulative probability of a first episode of cholangitis during follow-up was compared , however , it was significantly lower in patients treated with a metallic stent ( p = @ ) .", "compared with group b patients , group a patients had less frequent recurrence of stones ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) , fewer procedures for the clearance of biliary stones or sludge ( @ + / -@ vs @ + / -@ ; p = @ ) , and shorter hospital stays ( @ + / -@ days vs @ + / -@ days ; p = @ ) .", "no patients in group a experienced limitation in ordinary activities , whereas @ patients in group b did ( p < @ ) .", "compared with the repeated placement of external-internal stents , the use of a metallic internal stent effectively decreases stone recurrence , simplifies further procedures , and is more convenient .", "its use is suggested as an alternative choice in the treatment of recurrent hepatolithiasis with refractory intrahepatic biliary strictures ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['conventional methods for treating patients with recurrent hepatolithiasis associated with complicated intrahepatic biliary strictures include balloon dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary strictures , lithotripsy , and the clearance of difficult stones as completely as possible , with the placement of an external-internal stent for at least @ months .', 'after these modalities are used , symptomatic refractory strictures remain .', 'recently we used internal gianturco-rosch metallic z stents to treat patients who had refractory strictures .', 'to compare therapeutic results and complications of an internal expandable metallic z stent with those of repeated external-internal stent placement .', 'case-control study .', 'a referral center .', 'from january @ to december @ , @ patients with recurrent hepatolithiasis and complicated intrahepatic biliary strictures underwent percutaneous dilatation of stricture and transhepatic percutaneous cholangioscopic lithotomy for recurrent stones .', 'after their stones were completely cleared , their biliary strictures failed to dilate satisfactorily .', 'the patients were randomly enrolled into @ groups : group a ( @ patients ) , who received an expandable metallic z stent , and group b ( @ patients ) , who had repeated placement of external-internal stents .', 'percutaneous stricture dilatation , electrohydraulic lithotripsy , balloon dilatation , percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotomy , and biliary stenting by a silastic external-internal catheter or a modified gianturco-rosch expandable metallic z stent ( for an internal stent ) .', 'the number of procedures , days in hospital , procedure-related complications , incidents of stone recurrence and recurrence of cholangitis , readmissions to the hospital , treatment sessions required , and mortality rate .', \"patients ' limitations in ordinary activities were also compared .\", 'the follow-up period ranged from @ to @ ( @ + / -@ [ mean + / - sd ] ) months in group a and from @ to @ ( @ + / -@ ) months in group b. fewer group a patients ( @ [ @ % ] ) than group b patients ( @ [ @ % ] ) tended to have recurrent cholangitis and to require readmission to the hospital , but this was not statistically significant ( p = @ ) .', 'when their cumulative probability of a first episode of cholangitis during follow-up was compared , however , it was significantly lower in patients treated with a metallic stent ( p = @ ) .', 'compared with group b patients , group a patients had less frequent recurrence of stones ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) , fewer procedures for the clearance of biliary stones or sludge ( @ + / -@ vs @ + / -@ ; p = @ ) , and shorter hospital stays ( @ + / -@ days vs @ + / -@ days ; p = @ ) .', 'no patients in group a experienced limitation in ordinary activities , whereas @ patients in group b did ( p < @ ) .', 'compared with the repeated placement of external-internal stents , the use of a metallic internal stent effectively decreases stone recurrence , simplifies further procedures , and is more convenient .', 'its use is suggested as an alternative choice in the treatment of recurrent hepatolithiasis with refractory intrahepatic biliary strictures .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the objective of this long-term open-label study in adolescents was to assess the safety and tolerability of divalproex sodium extended-release in the prophylaxis of migraine headaches .", "two formulations of divalproex sodium have demonstrated efficacy in the prevention of migraine headaches in adults .", "however , no medications are currently approved for this indication in adolescents , and long-term safety data on agents for migraine prevention are lacking for this younger population .", "therefore , the current study was conducted to assess the long-term safety and tolerability of divalproex extended-release in adolescents with migraine headaches .", "this was a @-month , phase @ , open-label , multicenter study of adolescents aged @ to @ years with migraine headaches diagnosed by international headache society criteria .", "divalproex sodium extended-release was initiated at @ mg/day for @ days then increased to @ mg daily , with subsequent adjustments permitted within a dosing range of @-@ mg daily .", "study visits were conducted at days @ and @ and months @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ .", "safety was evaluated by adverse event collection , laboratory assessments , physical and neurological examinations , vital signs , electrocardiograms , the udvalg for kliniske undersgelser side effect rating scale , the wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence , and the behavioral assessment scale for children .", "efficacy was evaluated by following the number of migraine headache days reported in subjects ' headache diaries over sequential @-week intervals for the duration of the trial .", "a total of @ subjects were enrolled and treated .", "the most frequently reported adverse events were nausea ( @ % ) , vomiting ( @ % ) , weight gain ( @ % ) , nasopharyngitis ( @ % ) , migraine ( @ % ) , and upper respiratory tract infection ( @ % ) .", "ten ( @ % ) subjects experienced serious adverse events , and @ ( @ % ) subjects discontinued because of an adverse event .", "increases in ammonia levels were observed .", "no other clinically significant changes were observed in laboratory values , vital signs , rating scales , or electrocardiograms .", "median @-week migraine headache days decreased @ % between the first and the fourth months of the study ( from @ to @ ) and remained at or below this level for the remainder of the study .", "in this long-term open-label study of adolescents with migraine , the safety and tolerability profile of divalproex sodium extended-release was consistent with findings from previous trials in adults , as well as @ studies recently completed in adolescents .", "in general , divalproex sodium extended-release was well-tolerated in adolescents with migraine ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the objective of this long-term open-label study in adolescents was to assess the safety and tolerability of divalproex sodium extended-release in the prophylaxis of migraine headaches .', 'two formulations of divalproex sodium have demonstrated efficacy in the prevention of migraine headaches in adults .', 'however , no medications are currently approved for this indication in adolescents , and long-term safety data on agents for migraine prevention are lacking for this younger population .', 'therefore , the current study was conducted to assess the long-term safety and tolerability of divalproex extended-release in adolescents with migraine headaches .', 'this was a @-month , phase @ , open-label , multicenter study of adolescents aged @ to @ years with migraine headaches diagnosed by international headache society criteria .', 'divalproex sodium extended-release was initiated at @ mg/day for @ days then increased to @ mg daily , with subsequent adjustments permitted within a dosing range of @-@ mg daily .', 'study visits were conducted at days @ and @ and months @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ .', 'safety was evaluated by adverse event collection , laboratory assessments , physical and neurological examinations , vital signs , electrocardiograms , the udvalg for kliniske undersgelser side effect rating scale , the wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence , and the behavioral assessment scale for children .', \"efficacy was evaluated by following the number of migraine headache days reported in subjects ' headache diaries over sequential @-week intervals for the duration of the trial .\", 'a total of @ subjects were enrolled and treated .', 'the most frequently reported adverse events were nausea ( @ % ) , vomiting ( @ % ) , weight gain ( @ % ) , nasopharyngitis ( @ % ) , migraine ( @ % ) , and upper respiratory tract infection ( @ % ) .', 'ten ( @ % ) subjects experienced serious adverse events , and @ ( @ % ) subjects discontinued because of an adverse event .', 'increases in ammonia levels were observed .', 'no other clinically significant changes were observed in laboratory values , vital signs , rating scales , or electrocardiograms .', 'median @-week migraine headache days decreased @ % between the first and the fourth months of the study ( from @ to @ ) and remained at or below this level for the remainder of the study .', 'in this long-term open-label study of adolescents with migraine , the safety and tolerability profile of divalproex sodium extended-release was consistent with findings from previous trials in adults , as well as @ studies recently completed in adolescents .', 'in general , divalproex sodium extended-release was well-tolerated in adolescents with migraine .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the resourceful adolescent program ( rap ) is a universal , school-based intervention that has been found to produce small to medium effects in the reduction of adolescent depressive symptoms .", "in the present study , we evaluated the effectiveness of a friendship-building skills program -- the peer interpersonal relatedness ( pir ) program -- in producing larger effects when used in conjunction with rap .", "a cluster-randomized controlled trial was used to assign whole classrooms of adolescent participants recruited from sydney secondary schools to @ of @ conditions : ( a ) rap-pir , ( b ) rap-placebo , or ( c ) assessment-only waiting-list control .", "hierarchical linear modeling ( hlm ) was used to analyze the data .", "across the intervention period , rap did not significantly reduce depressive symptoms relative to those students not receiving this intervention .", "rap followed by pir did significantly reduce depressive symptoms relative to those students not receiving pir .", "across the @-month follow-up , the between-group reductions in depressive symptoms were no longer significant .", "at follow-up , participants in the rap-pir condition had achieved significant increases in their school-related life satisfaction and significant increases in social functioning with peers relative to their peers in the other conditions .", "the study provides preliminary support for the effectiveness of the pir program in reducing depressive symptoms when used alongside rap in the short term and in improving social adjustment and school-related life satisfaction in the longer term .", "given the importance of social adjustment in adolescent mental well-being , the pir program represents a potentially important addition to the prevention of depression in youth ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the resourceful adolescent program ( rap ) is a universal , school-based intervention that has been found to produce small to medium effects in the reduction of adolescent depressive symptoms .', 'in the present study , we evaluated the effectiveness of a friendship-building skills program -- the peer interpersonal relatedness ( pir ) program -- in producing larger effects when used in conjunction with rap .', 'a cluster-randomized controlled trial was used to assign whole classrooms of adolescent participants recruited from sydney secondary schools to @ of @ conditions : ( a ) rap-pir , ( b ) rap-placebo , or ( c ) assessment-only waiting-list control .', 'hierarchical linear modeling ( hlm ) was used to analyze the data .', 'across the intervention period , rap did not significantly reduce depressive symptoms relative to those students not receiving this intervention .', 'rap followed by pir did significantly reduce depressive symptoms relative to those students not receiving pir .', 'across the @-month follow-up , the between-group reductions in depressive symptoms were no longer significant .', 'at follow-up , participants in the rap-pir condition had achieved significant increases in their school-related life satisfaction and significant increases in social functioning with peers relative to their peers in the other conditions .', 'the study provides preliminary support for the effectiveness of the pir program in reducing depressive symptoms when used alongside rap in the short term and in improving social adjustment and school-related life satisfaction in the longer term .', 'given the importance of social adjustment in adolescent mental well-being , the pir program represents a potentially important addition to the prevention of depression in youth .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to prospectively determine the safety and effectiveness of continuous infusion of low-dose remifentanil for the reduction of pain in patients for epidural catheterization .", "this study was approved by the institutional review board .", "written informed consent was obtained .", "fifty two patients ( @ men , @ women , age range @-@ years , mean age @ years ) were given continuous infusion of various rates of application ( none , @ , @ , and @ microg x kg -@ x hr-@ ) of remifentanil .", "blood pressure , heart rate , pulse oximetry oxygen saturation and respiratory rate were recorded during the procedure of epidural catheterization .", "pain score was measured with the visual analogue scale ( vas ) , and complications including muscle stiffness , nausea and vomiting , and depressed level of consciousness were monitored .", "every rate of application , pulse oximetry oxygen saturation and systemic blood pressure were decreased but the reduction was not marked .", "the muscle stiffness , nausea and vomiting , and depressed level of consciousness were not observed in all the cases .", "no other serious complications were observed .", "continuous infusion of low-dose remifentanil is a safe and effective method for palliation of pain in epidural catheterization ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to prospectively determine the safety and effectiveness of continuous infusion of low-dose remifentanil for the reduction of pain in patients for epidural catheterization .', 'this study was approved by the institutional review board .', 'written informed consent was obtained .', 'fifty two patients ( @ men , @ women , age range @-@ years , mean age @ years ) were given continuous infusion of various rates of application ( none , @ , @ , and @ microg x kg -@ x hr-@ ) of remifentanil .', 'blood pressure , heart rate , pulse oximetry oxygen saturation and respiratory rate were recorded during the procedure of epidural catheterization .', 'pain score was measured with the visual analogue scale ( vas ) , and complications including muscle stiffness , nausea and vomiting , and depressed level of consciousness were monitored .', 'every rate of application , pulse oximetry oxygen saturation and systemic blood pressure were decreased but the reduction was not marked .', 'the muscle stiffness , nausea and vomiting , and depressed level of consciousness were not observed in all the cases .', 'no other serious complications were observed .', 'continuous infusion of low-dose remifentanil is a safe and effective method for palliation of pain in epidural catheterization .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the resistance of helicobacter pylori to antibiotics has been advocated as a major cause of treatment failure , and antimicrobial sensitivity testing has been proposed to improve efficacy ; however , its role before first-line therapy has not been investigated in detail .", "to assess whether antimicrobial sensitivity testing improves the eradication rate of first-line anti-helicobacter treatments and to compare the effectiveness of ranitidine bismuth citrate and omeprazole in the presence of h. pylori resistance to antibiotics .", "two hundred and forty-two patients were assigned to either empirical or antimicrobial sensitivity testing-based treatment ; within each group , subjects were further randomized to receive ranitidine bismuth citrate , @ mg b.d. , tinidazole , @ mg b.d. , and clarithromycin , @ mg b.d. , or omeprazole , @ mg b.d. , clarithromycin , @ mg b.d. , and amoxicillin , @ g b.d. , for @ week , with substitution of the resistant antibiotic in the antimicrobial sensitivity testing-based treatment group .", "eradication rates were @ % [ confidence interval ( ci ) , @-@ % ] in the empirical treatment group and @ % ( ci , @-@ % ) in the antimicrobial sensitivity testing-based group ( p = n.s. ) .", "the overall success rate was @ % ( ci , @-@ % ) with omeprazole and @ % ( ci , @-@ % ) with ranitidine bismuth citrate ( p < @ ) ; the latter overcame antibiotic resistance in @ of @ strains vs. zero of eight strains by omeprazole .", "antimicrobial sensitivity testing before first-line treatment does not improve the eradication rate , which is greater when ranitidine bismuth citrate is included in the treatment ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the resistance of helicobacter pylori to antibiotics has been advocated as a major cause of treatment failure , and antimicrobial sensitivity testing has been proposed to improve efficacy ; however , its role before first-line therapy has not been investigated in detail .', 'to assess whether antimicrobial sensitivity testing improves the eradication rate of first-line anti-helicobacter treatments and to compare the effectiveness of ranitidine bismuth citrate and omeprazole in the presence of h. pylori resistance to antibiotics .', 'two hundred and forty-two patients were assigned to either empirical or antimicrobial sensitivity testing-based treatment ; within each group , subjects were further randomized to receive ranitidine bismuth citrate , @ mg b.d. , tinidazole , @ mg b.d. , and clarithromycin , @ mg b.d. , or omeprazole , @ mg b.d. , clarithromycin , @ mg b.d. , and amoxicillin , @ g b.d. , for @ week , with substitution of the resistant antibiotic in the antimicrobial sensitivity testing-based treatment group .', 'eradication rates were @ % [ confidence interval ( ci ) , @-@ % ] in the empirical treatment group and @ % ( ci , @-@ % ) in the antimicrobial sensitivity testing-based group ( p = n.s. ) .', 'the overall success rate was @ % ( ci , @-@ % ) with omeprazole and @ % ( ci , @-@ % ) with ranitidine bismuth citrate ( p < @ ) ; the latter overcame antibiotic resistance in @ of @ strains vs. zero of eight strains by omeprazole .', 'antimicrobial sensitivity testing before first-line treatment does not improve the eradication rate , which is greater when ranitidine bismuth citrate is included in the treatment .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "METHODS", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "randomized crossover .", "effects of body-weight-supported treadmill ( bwst ) and tilt-table standing ( tts ) training on skin temperature and blood flow after spinal cord injury ( sci ) .", "mcmaster university , canada .", "seven individuals with sci participated in bwst and tts training ( @ times per week for @ weeks , @-week detraining between protocols ) .", "skin temperature was measured before and after a single session of bwst or tts , pre - and post-training .", "leg blood flow was measured at rest pre - and post-training .", "resting skin temperature decreased at four sites after @ weeks of bwst training in comparison with the pre-training .", "four weeks of tts training resulted in resting skin temperature decreases post-training at the right thigh only .", "both bwst and tts training resulted in altered reactivity of skin temperature at all sites except the right calf in response to a single session of bwst and tts .", "post-bwst training , a single session of bwst stimulated increased temperature at all sites , whereas after tts training a single session of tts resulted in temperature decreases at two of the six sites .", "no changes were observed in resting blood flow with either bwst or tts training .", "increased resting skin temperature and decreased skin temperature reactivity have been linked to the development of pressure sores .", "bwst and tts may stimulate different skin temperature responses and the impact on pressure sore development warrants further investigation ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['randomized crossover .', 'effects of body-weight-supported treadmill ( bwst ) and tilt-table standing ( tts ) training on skin temperature and blood flow after spinal cord injury ( sci ) .', 'mcmaster university , canada .', 'seven individuals with sci participated in bwst and tts training ( @ times per week for @ weeks , @-week detraining between protocols ) .', 'skin temperature was measured before and after a single session of bwst or tts , pre - and post-training .', 'leg blood flow was measured at rest pre - and post-training .', 'resting skin temperature decreased at four sites after @ weeks of bwst training in comparison with the pre-training .', 'four weeks of tts training resulted in resting skin temperature decreases post-training at the right thigh only .', 'both bwst and tts training resulted in altered reactivity of skin temperature at all sites except the right calf in response to a single session of bwst and tts .', 'post-bwst training , a single session of bwst stimulated increased temperature at all sites , whereas after tts training a single session of tts resulted in temperature decreases at two of the six sites .', 'no changes were observed in resting blood flow with either bwst or tts training .', 'increased resting skin temperature and decreased skin temperature reactivity have been linked to the development of pressure sores .', 'bwst and tts may stimulate different skin temperature responses and the impact on pressure sore development warrants further investigation .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['METHODS', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate systolic dyssynchrony index ( sdi ) measured by real time three-dimensional echocardiography ( rt@de ) and doppler tissue imaging ( dti ) dyssynchrony parameters in predicting the hemodynamic response to biventricular ( biv ) pacing in the early postoperative period after cardiac surgery .", "to compare right ventricular ( rv ) and biv pacing using invasively measured hemodynamic values .", "a prospective randomized clinical study enrolling @ patients with ischemic heart disease , concomitant valvular heart disease , and left ventricular ejection fraction ( lvef ) @ % comparing preoperative sdi by rt@de and dti lv dyssynchrony parameters to hemodynamic values obtained during rv or biv sequential ( ddd ) epicardial pacing in the first @ hours after cardiac surgery .", "biv pacing produced a statistically significant higher cardiac output ( co ) ( @ @ l/min ) and cardiac index ( ci ) ( @ @ l/min per m ( @ ) ) than rv pacing ( co @ @ l/min , ci @ @ l/min per m ( @ ) , p < @ ) .", "we found a statistically moderate correlation between preoperative sdi by rt@de and co ( r = @ , p < @ ) and a nonsignificant correlation to ci ( r = @ , p < @ ) during biv pacing .", "no correlation was observed between dti dyssynchrony parameters and measured hemodynamic values .", "biv pacing reduced the icu stay and inotropic support requirements of patients after heart surgery .", "sdi measured preoperatively using rt@de can predict co during biv pacing in the early postoperative period after cardiac surgery .", "biv pacing is more hemodynamically effective than rv pacing in patients with lv dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting with or without a valve procedure ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate systolic dyssynchrony index ( sdi ) measured by real time three-dimensional echocardiography ( rt@de ) and doppler tissue imaging ( dti ) dyssynchrony parameters in predicting the hemodynamic response to biventricular ( biv ) pacing in the early postoperative period after cardiac surgery .', 'to compare right ventricular ( rv ) and biv pacing using invasively measured hemodynamic values .', 'a prospective randomized clinical study enrolling @ patients with ischemic heart disease , concomitant valvular heart disease , and left ventricular ejection fraction ( lvef ) @ % comparing preoperative sdi by rt@de and dti lv dyssynchrony parameters to hemodynamic values obtained during rv or biv sequential ( ddd ) epicardial pacing in the first @ hours after cardiac surgery .', 'biv pacing produced a statistically significant higher cardiac output ( co ) ( @ @ l/min ) and cardiac index ( ci ) ( @ @ l/min per m ( @ ) ) than rv pacing ( co @ @ l/min , ci @ @ l/min per m ( @ ) , p < @ ) .', 'we found a statistically moderate correlation between preoperative sdi by rt@de and co ( r = @ , p < @ ) and a nonsignificant correlation to ci ( r = @ , p < @ ) during biv pacing .', 'no correlation was observed between dti dyssynchrony parameters and measured hemodynamic values .', 'biv pacing reduced the icu stay and inotropic support requirements of patients after heart surgery .', 'sdi measured preoperatively using rt@de can predict co during biv pacing in the early postoperative period after cardiac surgery .', 'biv pacing is more hemodynamically effective than rv pacing in patients with lv dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting with or without a valve procedure .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "improved treatment approaches are needed for visceral leishmaniasis .", "we assessed the efficacy and safety of three potential short-course combination treatments compared with the standard monotherapy in india .", "standard treatment ( @ mg/kg amphotericin b infusion on alternate days for @ days , total dose @ mg/kg ) was compared with three drug combinations ( single injection of @ mg/kg liposomal amphotericin b and @-day @ mg oral miltefosine or single @-day @ mg/kg intramuscular paromomycin ; or @ days each of miltefosine and paromomycin ) in an open-label , parallel-group , non-inferiority , randomised controlled trial in two hospital sites in bihar , india .", "patients aged @-@ years with parasitologically confirmed visceral leishmaniasis were randomly assigned one of the four treatments by the trial statistician by use of a computer-generated list .", "clinical assessments were done at the end of treatment ( @ days on combination treatment ; @ days for standard treatment ) and after @ days and @ months .", "the primary endpoint was definitive cure ( defined as no sign or symptom of visceral leishmaniasis and parasitologically cured to the last follow-up ) .", "analyses were done both by intention to treat and per protocol .", "this trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct@ .", "between june , @ , and july , @ , @ patients were assigned amphotericin b ( n = @ ) , liposomal amphotericin b with miltefosine ( n = @ ) or paromomycin ( n = @ ) , or miltefosine and paromomycin ( n = @ ) .", "@ patients were in the per-protocol population .", "there were two relapses in each group .", "the numbers with definitive cure at @ months for the intention-to-treat population were @ ( cure rate @ % ; ci @-@ ) for amphotericin b , @ ( @ % ; @-@ ) for liposomal amphotericin b and miltefosine , @ ( @ % ; @-@ ) for liposomal amphotericin b and paromomycin , and @ ( @ % ; @-@ ) for miltefosine and paromomycin .", "all combinations were non-inferior to the standard treatment , in both the intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations .", "patients in the combination groups had fewer adverse events than did those assigned standard treatment .", "combination treatments for visceral leishmaniasis are efficacious and safe , and decrease the duration of therapy , thereby encouraging adherence and reducing emergence of drug-resistant parasites .", "drugs for neglected diseases initiative and the indian council of medical research ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['improved treatment approaches are needed for visceral leishmaniasis .', 'we assessed the efficacy and safety of three potential short-course combination treatments compared with the standard monotherapy in india .', 'standard treatment ( @ mg/kg amphotericin b infusion on alternate days for @ days , total dose @ mg/kg ) was compared with three drug combinations ( single injection of @ mg/kg liposomal amphotericin b and @-day @ mg oral miltefosine or single @-day @ mg/kg intramuscular paromomycin ; or @ days each of miltefosine and paromomycin ) in an open-label , parallel-group , non-inferiority , randomised controlled trial in two hospital sites in bihar , india .', 'patients aged @-@ years with parasitologically confirmed visceral leishmaniasis were randomly assigned one of the four treatments by the trial statistician by use of a computer-generated list .', 'clinical assessments were done at the end of treatment ( @ days on combination treatment ; @ days for standard treatment ) and after @ days and @ months .', 'the primary endpoint was definitive cure ( defined as no sign or symptom of visceral leishmaniasis and parasitologically cured to the last follow-up ) .', 'analyses were done both by intention to treat and per protocol .', 'this trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct@ .', 'between june , @ , and july , @ , @ patients were assigned amphotericin b ( n = @ ) , liposomal amphotericin b with miltefosine ( n = @ ) or paromomycin ( n = @ ) , or miltefosine and paromomycin ( n = @ ) .', '@ patients were in the per-protocol population .', 'there were two relapses in each group .', 'the numbers with definitive cure at @ months for the intention-to-treat population were @ ( cure rate @ % ; ci @-@ ) for amphotericin b , @ ( @ % ; @-@ ) for liposomal amphotericin b and miltefosine , @ ( @ % ; @-@ ) for liposomal amphotericin b and paromomycin , and @ ( @ % ; @-@ ) for miltefosine and paromomycin .', 'all combinations were non-inferior to the standard treatment , in both the intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations .', 'patients in the combination groups had fewer adverse events than did those assigned standard treatment .', 'combination treatments for visceral leishmaniasis are efficacious and safe , and decrease the duration of therapy , thereby encouraging adherence and reducing emergence of drug-resistant parasites .', 'drugs for neglected diseases initiative and the indian council of medical research .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the ibadan knee/hip osteoarthritis outcome measure ( ikhoam ) was developed for measuring end results of care in patients with knee or hip oa in nigeria .", "the purpose of this study was to validate a hausa translation of ikhoam in order to promote its use among the hausa populations of nigeria and other west african countries .", "sixty-seven patients with knee oa , literate in hausa and english , recruited consecutively from all government hospitals in kano were assessed on both english and hausa versions of ikhoam .", "the order of assessment with the versions was randomized and separated by @ hours .", "participants also rated their pain intensity on the visual analogue scale .", "data was analyzed using the spearman rank order correlation and cronbach 's alpha .", "the participants ( @ males , @ females ) were aged @ + / - @ years .", "participants ' scores on the hausa version correlated significantly with the original version ( r = @ , p = @ ) and with pain intensity scores on the visual analogue scale ( r = -@ , p = @ ) .", "the cronbach 's alpha for correlation on the different parts of the hausa version ranged between @ and @ .", "the hausa version of ikhoam meets the criteria for validity and internal consistency and may be used in the hausa speaking parts of nigeria and other west african countries ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the ibadan knee/hip osteoarthritis outcome measure ( ikhoam ) was developed for measuring end results of care in patients with knee or hip oa in nigeria .', 'the purpose of this study was to validate a hausa translation of ikhoam in order to promote its use among the hausa populations of nigeria and other west african countries .', 'sixty-seven patients with knee oa , literate in hausa and english , recruited consecutively from all government hospitals in kano were assessed on both english and hausa versions of ikhoam .', 'the order of assessment with the versions was randomized and separated by @ hours .', 'participants also rated their pain intensity on the visual analogue scale .', \"data was analyzed using the spearman rank order correlation and cronbach 's alpha .\", 'the participants ( @ males , @ females ) were aged @ + / - @ years .', \"participants ' scores on the hausa version correlated significantly with the original version ( r = @ , p = @ ) and with pain intensity scores on the visual analogue scale ( r = -@ , p = @ ) .\", \"the cronbach 's alpha for correlation on the different parts of the hausa version ranged between @ and @ .\", 'the hausa version of ikhoam meets the criteria for validity and internal consistency and may be used in the hausa speaking parts of nigeria and other west african countries .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ]

[ "to evaluate if hydrostatic pulpal pressure plays a role in reducing microleakage .", "uniform class @ preparations were accomplished on human molars with one margin on root dentin .", "prepared teeth were randomly placed in one of three groups : ( @ ) hydrostatic pressure simulation at @ cm pulpal pressure ; ( @ ) hydrostatic pressure simulation but no pressure applied ( positive control ) ; and ( @ ) conventional microleakage method .", "specimens were subjected to @ hours methylene blue dye , sectioned , and microleakage assessed as a function of microleakage length versus entire preparation wall length using a traveling microscope .", "hydrostatic pressure specimens demonstrated less gingival wall microleakage than the control groups while no difference was found between occlusal preparation walls ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate if hydrostatic pulpal pressure plays a role in reducing microleakage .', 'uniform class @ preparations were accomplished on human molars with one margin on root dentin .', 'prepared teeth were randomly placed in one of three groups : ( @ ) hydrostatic pressure simulation at @ cm pulpal pressure ; ( @ ) hydrostatic pressure simulation but no pressure applied ( positive control ) ; and ( @ ) conventional microleakage method .', 'specimens were subjected to @ hours methylene blue dye , sectioned , and microleakage assessed as a function of microleakage length versus entire preparation wall length using a traveling microscope .', 'hydrostatic pressure specimens demonstrated less gingival wall microleakage than the control groups while no difference was found between occlusal preparation walls .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine surgical and prosthodontic outcomes of mandibular single-implant overdentures , opposing complete maxillary dentures , using a wide diameter implant and large ball attachment system compared with different regular diameter implants with standard attachment systems .", "thirty-six edentulous participants ( mean age @ years , sd @ ) were randomly assigned into three treatment groups ( n = @ ) .", "a single implant was placed in the mandibular midline of participants to support an overdenture using a @-week loading protocol .", "the control group received southern regular implants and standard ball attachments .", "one group received southern @-mm-wide implants and large ball attachments .", "another group received neoss regular implants and locator attachments .", "parametric and non-parametric tests of a statistical software package ( spss ) were used to determine between groups differences in marginal bone loss , implant stability , implant , and prosthodontic success ( p < @ ) .", "implant success after @ year was @ % for southern regular implant ( control ) group ; and @ % for the southern wide and neoss regular implant groups ( p = @ ) .", "mean marginal bone loss at @ year was @ mm ( sd @ ) without significant differences observed .", "implant stability quotient ( isq ) at baseline was significantly lower for the southern regular ( control ) group than the other two groups ( p = @ ; p = @ ) .", "at @ year , no significant difference in implant stability was observed ( mean isq @ , sd @ ) .", "the change in implant stability from baseline to @ year was significant for the control group ( p = @ ) .", "prosthodontic success was comparable between the groups but the maintenance ( @ events overall , mean @ ) was greater for the locator and the standard ball attachments .", "mandibular single-implant overdentures are a successful treatment option for older edentulous adults with early loading protocol using implants of different diameters and with different attachment systems ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to determine surgical and prosthodontic outcomes of mandibular single-implant overdentures , opposing complete maxillary dentures , using a wide diameter implant and large ball attachment system compared with different regular diameter implants with standard attachment systems .', 'thirty-six edentulous participants ( mean age @ years , sd @ ) were randomly assigned into three treatment groups ( n = @ ) .', 'a single implant was placed in the mandibular midline of participants to support an overdenture using a @-week loading protocol .', 'the control group received southern regular implants and standard ball attachments .', 'one group received southern @-mm-wide implants and large ball attachments .', 'another group received neoss regular implants and locator attachments .', 'parametric and non-parametric tests of a statistical software package ( spss ) were used to determine between groups differences in marginal bone loss , implant stability , implant , and prosthodontic success ( p < @ ) .', 'implant success after @ year was @ % for southern regular implant ( control ) group ; and @ % for the southern wide and neoss regular implant groups ( p = @ ) .', 'mean marginal bone loss at @ year was @ mm ( sd @ ) without significant differences observed .', 'implant stability quotient ( isq ) at baseline was significantly lower for the southern regular ( control ) group than the other two groups ( p = @ ; p = @ ) .', 'at @ year , no significant difference in implant stability was observed ( mean isq @ , sd @ ) .', 'the change in implant stability from baseline to @ year was significant for the control group ( p = @ ) .', 'prosthodontic success was comparable between the groups but the maintenance ( @ events overall , mean @ ) was greater for the locator and the standard ball attachments .', 'mandibular single-implant overdentures are a successful treatment option for older edentulous adults with early loading protocol using implants of different diameters and with different attachment systems .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we examined contraceptive use and dual protection in the postpartum period in a prevention of mother to child transmission population and whether it varied by hiv status .", "data are from a prospective study , the south africa hiv antenatal post-test support study .", "pregnant participants were recruited from a government clinic in an urban township , and the analytic sample was @ .", "following enrollment , participants were tested for hiv and administered a questionnaire at baseline and @ weeks postpartum .", "we used generalized linear regression models to examine hiv status and use of modern contraceptives at @ weeks .", "the risk ratio of condom use at @ weeks postpartum was @ [ @ % confidence interval ( ci ) : @-@ @ ] for hiv-positive compared to hiv-negative women .", "the risk ratio for dual protection ( use of a condom and a hormonal method ) was @ ( @ % ci : @-@ @ ) at @ weeks for hiv-positive compared to hiv-negative women .", "hiv positive status may be a motivating factor for women to use condoms and dual protection .", "in this setting where hiv is highly prevalent , it is ever more important that women control the timing and limiting of births so as to preserve the health of the mother and child .", "hiv status may be an important motivating behavioral factor for women to use contraceptives and dual protection in the postpartum period ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['we examined contraceptive use and dual protection in the postpartum period in a prevention of mother to child transmission population and whether it varied by hiv status .', 'data are from a prospective study , the south africa hiv antenatal post-test support study .', 'pregnant participants were recruited from a government clinic in an urban township , and the analytic sample was @ .', 'following enrollment , participants were tested for hiv and administered a questionnaire at baseline and @ weeks postpartum .', 'we used generalized linear regression models to examine hiv status and use of modern contraceptives at @ weeks .', 'the risk ratio of condom use at @ weeks postpartum was @ [ @ % confidence interval ( ci ) : @-@ @ ] for hiv-positive compared to hiv-negative women .', 'the risk ratio for dual protection ( use of a condom and a hormonal method ) was @ ( @ % ci : @-@ @ ) at @ weeks for hiv-positive compared to hiv-negative women .', 'hiv positive status may be a motivating factor for women to use condoms and dual protection .', 'in this setting where hiv is highly prevalent , it is ever more important that women control the timing and limiting of births so as to preserve the health of the mother and child .', 'hiv status may be an important motivating behavioral factor for women to use contraceptives and dual protection in the postpartum period .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "few data are available from randomised trials about the effect of thrombolysis with alteplase on long-term functional outcome in patients who have had acute ischaemic stroke and no trial has reported effects on health-related quality of life .", "a secondary objective of the third international stroke trial ( ist-@ ) was to assess the effect of thrombolysis on such outcomes at @ months .", "in this open-label , international , multicentre , randomised , controlled trial , @ patients with ischaemic stroke from @ countries were randomly allocated within @ h of onset via a secure central system to either intravenous alteplase ( @ mg/kg ; n = @ ) plus standard care or standard care alone ( control ; n = @ ) .", "@ patients were scheduled for @-month follow-up .", "for our main analysis , survivors were assessed at @ months with the oxford handicap scale ( ohs ; the primary outcome was the adjusted odds of ohs score @-@ ) .", "we also used the euroqol ( eq ) instrument and asked questions about overall functioning and living circumstances .", "we analysed the ohs and the five eq domains by ordinal logistic regression and calculated the mean difference between treatment groups in eq utility index and visual analogue scale score .", "analyses were adjusted for key baseline prognostic factors .", "this study is registered with controlled-trials .", "com , number isrctn@ .", "at @ months , @ ( @ % ) of @ patients in the alteplase group versus @ ( @ % ) of @ in the control group had died ( p = @ ) .", "@ ( @ % ) of @ patients versus @ ( @ % ) of @ had an ohs score of @-@ ( adjusted odds ratio [ or ] @ , @ % ci @-@ ; p = @ ) .", "treatment was associated with a favourable shift in the distribution of ohs grades ( adjusted common or @ , @ % ci @-@ ; p = @ ) .", "alteplase treatment was associated with significantly higher overall self-reported health ( adjusted mean difference in eq utility index @ ; p = @ ) .", "the differences between the groups in visual analogue scale score and the proportion living at home were not significant .", "ist-@ provides evidence that thrombolysis with intravenous alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke does not affect survival , but does lead to statistically significant , clinically relevant improvements in functional outcome and health-related quality of life that are sustained for at least @ months .", "uk medical research council , health foundation uk , stroke association uk , research council of norway , afa insurances sweden , swedish heart lung fund , the foundation of marianne and marcus wallenberg , polish ministry of science and education , the australian heart foundation , australian national health and medical research council , swiss national research foundation , swiss heart foundation , assessorato alla sanita ( regione dell ` umbria , italy ) , and danube university ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['few data are available from randomised trials about the effect of thrombolysis with alteplase on long-term functional outcome in patients who have had acute ischaemic stroke and no trial has reported effects on health-related quality of life .', 'a secondary objective of the third international stroke trial ( ist-@ ) was to assess the effect of thrombolysis on such outcomes at @ months .', 'in this open-label , international , multicentre , randomised , controlled trial , @ patients with ischaemic stroke from @ countries were randomly allocated within @ h of onset via a secure central system to either intravenous alteplase ( @ mg/kg ; n = @ ) plus standard care or standard care alone ( control ; n = @ ) .', '@ patients were scheduled for @-month follow-up .', 'for our main analysis , survivors were assessed at @ months with the oxford handicap scale ( ohs ; the primary outcome was the adjusted odds of ohs score @-@ ) .', 'we also used the euroqol ( eq ) instrument and asked questions about overall functioning and living circumstances .', 'we analysed the ohs and the five eq domains by ordinal logistic regression and calculated the mean difference between treatment groups in eq utility index and visual analogue scale score .', 'analyses were adjusted for key baseline prognostic factors .', 'this study is registered with controlled-trials .', 'com , number isrctn@ .', 'at @ months , @ ( @ % ) of @ patients in the alteplase group versus @ ( @ % ) of @ in the control group had died ( p = @ ) .', '@ ( @ % ) of @ patients versus @ ( @ % ) of @ had an ohs score of @-@ ( adjusted odds ratio [ or ] @ , @ % ci @-@ ; p = @ ) .', 'treatment was associated with a favourable shift in the distribution of ohs grades ( adjusted common or @ , @ % ci @-@ ; p = @ ) .', 'alteplase treatment was associated with significantly higher overall self-reported health ( adjusted mean difference in eq utility index @ ; p = @ ) .', 'the differences between the groups in visual analogue scale score and the proportion living at home were not significant .', 'ist-@ provides evidence that thrombolysis with intravenous alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke does not affect survival , but does lead to statistically significant , clinically relevant improvements in functional outcome and health-related quality of life that are sustained for at least @ months .', 'uk medical research council , health foundation uk , stroke association uk , research council of norway , afa insurances sweden , swedish heart lung fund , the foundation of marianne and marcus wallenberg , polish ministry of science and education , the australian heart foundation , australian national health and medical research council , swiss national research foundation , swiss heart foundation , assessorato alla sanita ( regione dell ` umbria , italy ) , and danube university .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "ethyl pyruvate ( ep ) is an investigational drug that has been shown to protect animals in several models of critical illness including myocardial or mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion injury , sepsis , and hemorrhagic shock .", "the purpose of this study was to assess the safety of ep administration to patients undergoing higher-risk cardiac surgery and to obtain preliminary efficacy data for the prevention of single and multisystem organ dysfunction .", "double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study .", "thirteen us hospitals .", "high-risk ( parsonnet risk score > @ ) patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft and/or cardiac valvular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass .", "subjects were randomized to placebo or ep ( @,@ mg administered intravenously starting after the induction of general anesthesia followed by @ more doses of @,@ mg administered every @ hours ) .", "the mean body weight ( @ kg ) , corresponding to a dose of @ mg/kg at each of the @ dosing intervals , exceeds the dose of @ mg/kg shown to be effective in many animal models .", "the primary composite endpoint consisted of any of the following occurring within @ days postoperatively : death , mechanical ventilation > @ hours postoperatively , acute renal injury/failure using the established rifle criteria , or need for vasoconstrictors > @ hours postoperatively .", "one hundred two patients were studied ( placebo n = @ and ep n = @ ) .", "no statistically significant differences were observed between groups with regard to clinical parameters or markers of systemic inflammation .", "despite positive results in numerous animal models , the administration of ep does not appear to confer any benefit to cardiac surgical patients undergoing cpb ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['ethyl pyruvate ( ep ) is an investigational drug that has been shown to protect animals in several models of critical illness including myocardial or mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion injury , sepsis , and hemorrhagic shock .', 'the purpose of this study was to assess the safety of ep administration to patients undergoing higher-risk cardiac surgery and to obtain preliminary efficacy data for the prevention of single and multisystem organ dysfunction .', 'double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study .', 'thirteen us hospitals .', 'high-risk ( parsonnet risk score > @ ) patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft and/or cardiac valvular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass .', 'subjects were randomized to placebo or ep ( @,@ mg administered intravenously starting after the induction of general anesthesia followed by @ more doses of @,@ mg administered every @ hours ) .', 'the mean body weight ( @ kg ) , corresponding to a dose of @ mg/kg at each of the @ dosing intervals , exceeds the dose of @ mg/kg shown to be effective in many animal models .', 'the primary composite endpoint consisted of any of the following occurring within @ days postoperatively : death , mechanical ventilation > @ hours postoperatively , acute renal injury/failure using the established rifle criteria , or need for vasoconstrictors > @ hours postoperatively .', 'one hundred two patients were studied ( placebo n = @ and ep n = @ ) .', 'no statistically significant differences were observed between groups with regard to clinical parameters or markers of systemic inflammation .', 'despite positive results in numerous animal models , the administration of ep does not appear to confer any benefit to cardiac surgical patients undergoing cpb .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the effect of midazolam premedication on forestalling postoperative agitation in children is not yet concluded .", "the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of midazolam premedication and parental presence during anesthetic induction on the incidence of postoperative agitation in pediatric patients .", "one hundred sixty-seven children between @ years and @ years of age , undergoing anesthesia for outpatient surgery , were enrolled and randomly divided into four groups : sevoflurane anesthesia with parental presence without premedication , sevoflurane anesthesia with oral midazolam premedication , halothane anesthesia with parental presence without premeditation , and halothane anesthesia with oral midazolam premedication .", "the children randomized to the premedication groups took oral midazolam @ mg/kg @-@ minutes before anesthetic induction .", "for patients in the groups without premedication , one of the parents was present throughout the induction of anesthesia .", "one recovery room nurse blinded to the group assignment observed the patients and recorded the agitation scores all through their stay in the postanesthesia care unit .", "postoperative agitation was significantly less in patients who received halothane anesthesia with oral midazolam premedication ( p < @ ) .", "based on our data , the presence of a parent at induction of sevoflurance anesthesia was as effective as midazolam premedication in decreasing the incidence of postoperative agitation .", "midazolam premedication , however , decreased postoperative agitation when halothane was used as the anesthetic agent ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the effect of midazolam premedication on forestalling postoperative agitation in children is not yet concluded .', 'the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of midazolam premedication and parental presence during anesthetic induction on the incidence of postoperative agitation in pediatric patients .', 'one hundred sixty-seven children between @ years and @ years of age , undergoing anesthesia for outpatient surgery , were enrolled and randomly divided into four groups : sevoflurane anesthesia with parental presence without premedication , sevoflurane anesthesia with oral midazolam premedication , halothane anesthesia with parental presence without premeditation , and halothane anesthesia with oral midazolam premedication .', 'the children randomized to the premedication groups took oral midazolam @ mg/kg @-@ minutes before anesthetic induction .', 'for patients in the groups without premedication , one of the parents was present throughout the induction of anesthesia .', 'one recovery room nurse blinded to the group assignment observed the patients and recorded the agitation scores all through their stay in the postanesthesia care unit .', 'postoperative agitation was significantly less in patients who received halothane anesthesia with oral midazolam premedication ( p < @ ) .', 'based on our data , the presence of a parent at induction of sevoflurance anesthesia was as effective as midazolam premedication in decreasing the incidence of postoperative agitation .', 'midazolam premedication , however , decreased postoperative agitation when halothane was used as the anesthetic agent .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of the novel pde@ inhibitor v@a ( @ - ( @-cyclopentyloxy-@-methoxybenzyl ) -@ - ethylamino-@-isopropyl-@h purine hydrochloride ) in healthy male volunteers .", "this was a double-blind , single dose , randomized crossover study in eight healthy volunteers who received a single oral , fasting dose of v@a ( @ mg ) or placebo .", "blood samples were taken before and @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ and @ h after oral dosing for determination of plasma concentrations of v@a .", "blood samples were also taken before and @ and @ h after dosing for the assessment of the effect of v@a on mononuclear cell proliferation and tumour necrosis factor ( tnf ) release in whole blood .", "following a single oral dose of @ mg v@a , plasma concentrations of v@a and its active metabolite v@ reached cmax ( ng ml-@ ; mean + / - s.d. ; @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ , respectively ) after @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ h , respectively .", "for v@a and v@ , t@/@ were @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ h , and auc ( @ , infinity ) were @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ ng ml-@ h , respectively .", "at @ h dosing , plasma concentrations of v@a and v@ ( @ - ( @-cyclopentyloxy-@-methoxy-benzyl ) -@ - isopropyl-@h-purin-@-ylamine ) were @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ ng ml-@ , @ and @ times their in vitro ic@s for inhibition of tnf release and proliferation , respectively .", "treatment with v@a resulted in a significant reduction of lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) - induced tnf release at @ h ( p < @ ) and at @ h ( p < @ ) post ingestion .", "the amount of tnf released ( pmol ml-@ ) in response to a submaximal concentration of lps ( @ ng ml-@ ) was not significantly altered following placebo treatment ( before @ + / - @ vs @ h postdose @ + / - @ , p = @ ) .", "in contrast , there was a significant reduction in the amount of tnf released following treatment with v@a ( before @ + / - @ vs @ h postdose @ + / - @ , p = @ ) .", "phytohaemagluttinin ( pha ) stimulated the incorporation of [ @h ] - thymidine in whole blood prior to drug administration .", "v@a inhibited the pha-induced proliferation at @ h ( p < @ ) .", "no adverse reactions were noted following single oral administration of v@a .", "a single oral @ mg dose of v@a administered to healthy volunteers results in plasma concentrations adequate to inhibit activation of inflammatory cells ex vivo , which persists for at least @ h without any adverse reactions ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of the novel pde@ inhibitor v@a ( @ - ( @-cyclopentyloxy-@-methoxybenzyl ) -@ - ethylamino-@-isopropyl-@h purine hydrochloride ) in healthy male volunteers .', 'this was a double-blind , single dose , randomized crossover study in eight healthy volunteers who received a single oral , fasting dose of v@a ( @ mg ) or placebo .', 'blood samples were taken before and @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ and @ h after oral dosing for determination of plasma concentrations of v@a .', 'blood samples were also taken before and @ and @ h after dosing for the assessment of the effect of v@a on mononuclear cell proliferation and tumour necrosis factor ( tnf ) release in whole blood .', 'following a single oral dose of @ mg v@a , plasma concentrations of v@a and its active metabolite v@ reached cmax ( ng ml-@ ; mean + / - s.d. ; @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ , respectively ) after @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ h , respectively .', 'for v@a and v@ , t@/@ were @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ h , and auc ( @ , infinity ) were @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ ng ml-@ h , respectively .', 'at @ h dosing , plasma concentrations of v@a and v@ ( @ - ( @-cyclopentyloxy-@-methoxy-benzyl ) -@ - isopropyl-@h-purin-@-ylamine ) were @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ ng ml-@ , @ and @ times their in vitro ic@s for inhibition of tnf release and proliferation , respectively .', 'treatment with v@a resulted in a significant reduction of lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) - induced tnf release at @ h ( p < @ ) and at @ h ( p < @ ) post ingestion .', 'the amount of tnf released ( pmol ml-@ ) in response to a submaximal concentration of lps ( @ ng ml-@ ) was not significantly altered following placebo treatment ( before @ + / - @ vs @ h postdose @ + / - @ , p = @ ) .', 'in contrast , there was a significant reduction in the amount of tnf released following treatment with v@a ( before @ + / - @ vs @ h postdose @ + / - @ , p = @ ) .', 'phytohaemagluttinin ( pha ) stimulated the incorporation of [ @h ] - thymidine in whole blood prior to drug administration .', 'v@a inhibited the pha-induced proliferation at @ h ( p < @ ) .', 'no adverse reactions were noted following single oral administration of v@a .', 'a single oral @ mg dose of v@a administered to healthy volunteers results in plasma concentrations adequate to inhibit activation of inflammatory cells ex vivo , which persists for at least @ h without any adverse reactions .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this study was to compare the relative efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure ( cpap ) and positional treatment in the management of positional obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) , using objective outcome measures .", "a prospective , randomized , single blind crossover comparison of cpap and positional treatment for @ weeks each .", "a university teaching hospital .", "thirteen patients with positional osa , aged ( mean + / - sd ) @ + / -@ years , with an apnea-hypopnea index ( ahi ) of @ + / -@ .", "( @ ) daily epworth sleepiness scale scores ; ( @ ) overnight polysomnography , an objective assessment of sleep quality and ahi ; ( @ ) maintenance of wakefulness testing ; ( @ ) psychometric test battery ; ( @ ) mood scales ; ( @ ) quality-of-life questionnaires ; and ( @ ) individual patient 's treatment preference .", "positional treatment was highly effective in reducing time spent supine ( median , @ ; range , @ to @ min ) .", "the ahi was lower ( mean difference , @ ; @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , @ to @ ; p = @ ) , and the minimum oxygen saturation was higher ( @ % ; @ % ci , @ % to @ % ; p = @ ) on cpap as compared with positional treatment .", "there was no significant difference , however , in sleep architecture , epworth sleepiness scale scores , maintenance of wakefulness testing sleep latency , psychometric test performance , mood scales , or quality-of-life measures .", "positional treatment and cpap have similar efficacy in the treatment of patients with positional osa ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the aim of this study was to compare the relative efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure ( cpap ) and positional treatment in the management of positional obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) , using objective outcome measures .', 'a prospective , randomized , single blind crossover comparison of cpap and positional treatment for @ weeks each .', 'a university teaching hospital .', 'thirteen patients with positional osa , aged ( mean + / - sd ) @ + / -@ years , with an apnea-hypopnea index ( ahi ) of @ + / -@ .', \"( @ ) daily epworth sleepiness scale scores ; ( @ ) overnight polysomnography , an objective assessment of sleep quality and ahi ; ( @ ) maintenance of wakefulness testing ; ( @ ) psychometric test battery ; ( @ ) mood scales ; ( @ ) quality-of-life questionnaires ; and ( @ ) individual patient 's treatment preference .\", 'positional treatment was highly effective in reducing time spent supine ( median , @ ; range , @ to @ min ) .', 'the ahi was lower ( mean difference , @ ; @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , @ to @ ; p = @ ) , and the minimum oxygen saturation was higher ( @ % ; @ % ci , @ % to @ % ; p = @ ) on cpap as compared with positional treatment .', 'there was no significant difference , however , in sleep architecture , epworth sleepiness scale scores , maintenance of wakefulness testing sleep latency , psychometric test performance , mood scales , or quality-of-life measures .', 'positional treatment and cpap have similar efficacy in the treatment of patients with positional osa .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in consensus guidelines , proton pump inhibitors ( ppis ) are recommended for the treatment of functional dyspepsia .", "it is unclear whether ppis change gastric volume or emptying .", "to assess the effect of a ppi , rabeprazole , on gastric volume and emptying and postprandial symptoms .", "in a double-blind , parallel-group placebo-controlled trial , @ healthy participants were randomized to rabeprazole , @ mg b.d. , or placebo .", "on day @ , fasting gastric volume was measured using intravenous ( @m ) tc-pertechnate and single photon emission computed tomography ( spect ) .", "after the last dose of study medication , an ( @ ) in-chloride egg meal ( @ kcal ) was ingested , and postprandial gastric volume and emptying were measured by spect .", "symptom ratings using a visual analogue scale ( fullness , nausea , bloating , abdominal pain , aggregate score ) were obtained at baseline and @ , @ , @ , @ and @ min postprandially .", "group comparisons were performed using mann-whitney rank sum test .", "there were no statistically significant differences in gastric volume or emptying in the two groups .", "however , there was a borderline increase in gastric volume with rabeprazole compared with placebo .", "rabeprazole treatment reduced aggregate postprandial symptoms , particularly fullness , @ min after the meal ( p = @ ) .", "in healthy participants , rabeprazole , @ mg b.d. , did not significantly change gastric emptying , but reduced symptoms and had a borderline effect on gastric volume postprandially .", "the mechanism of reduced postprandial symptoms with a ppi requires further study ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['in consensus guidelines , proton pump inhibitors ( ppis ) are recommended for the treatment of functional dyspepsia .', 'it is unclear whether ppis change gastric volume or emptying .', 'to assess the effect of a ppi , rabeprazole , on gastric volume and emptying and postprandial symptoms .', 'in a double-blind , parallel-group placebo-controlled trial , @ healthy participants were randomized to rabeprazole , @ mg b.d. , or placebo .', 'on day @ , fasting gastric volume was measured using intravenous ( @m ) tc-pertechnate and single photon emission computed tomography ( spect ) .', 'after the last dose of study medication , an ( @ ) in-chloride egg meal ( @ kcal ) was ingested , and postprandial gastric volume and emptying were measured by spect .', 'symptom ratings using a visual analogue scale ( fullness , nausea , bloating , abdominal pain , aggregate score ) were obtained at baseline and @ , @ , @ , @ and @ min postprandially .', 'group comparisons were performed using mann-whitney rank sum test .', 'there were no statistically significant differences in gastric volume or emptying in the two groups .', 'however , there was a borderline increase in gastric volume with rabeprazole compared with placebo .', 'rabeprazole treatment reduced aggregate postprandial symptoms , particularly fullness , @ min after the meal ( p = @ ) .', 'in healthy participants , rabeprazole , @ mg b.d. , did not significantly change gastric emptying , but reduced symptoms and had a borderline effect on gastric volume postprandially .', 'the mechanism of reduced postprandial symptoms with a ppi requires further study .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "virtual reality ( vr ) is a new promising computer-assisted technology to promote motor recovery in stroke patients .", "vr-induced neuroplasticity supporting locomotor recovery is not known .", "we investigated the effects of vr intervention on cortical reorganization and associated locomotor recovery in stroke patients .", "ten chronic stroke patients were assigned randomly to either the control group or the vr group .", "vr was designed to provide interactive real-life practice environments in which practice parameters can be individualized to optimize motor relearning .", "laterality index ( li ) in the regions of interests ( rois ) and locomotor recovery were measured before and after vr using functional mri ( fmri ) and standardized locomotor tests , respectively .", "the t test and nonparametric test were performed to compare the mean differences at p < @ .", "there was a significant difference in the interval change in the li score for the primary sensorimotor cortex ( smc ) between the groups ( p < @ ) , indicating that vr practice produced a greater increase in li for the control group .", "however , the interval changes in the other rois were not significantly different ( p > @ ) .", "motor function was significantly improved after vr ( p < @ ) .", "our novel findings suggest that vr could induce cortical reorganization from aberrant ipsilateral to contralateral smc activation .", "this enhanced cortical reorganization might play an important role in recovery of locomotor function in patients with chronic stroke .", "this is the first fmri study in the literature that provides evidence for neuroplasticity and associated locomotor recovery after vr ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['virtual reality ( vr ) is a new promising computer-assisted technology to promote motor recovery in stroke patients .', 'vr-induced neuroplasticity supporting locomotor recovery is not known .', 'we investigated the effects of vr intervention on cortical reorganization and associated locomotor recovery in stroke patients .', 'ten chronic stroke patients were assigned randomly to either the control group or the vr group .', 'vr was designed to provide interactive real-life practice environments in which practice parameters can be individualized to optimize motor relearning .', 'laterality index ( li ) in the regions of interests ( rois ) and locomotor recovery were measured before and after vr using functional mri ( fmri ) and standardized locomotor tests , respectively .', 'the t test and nonparametric test were performed to compare the mean differences at p < @ .', 'there was a significant difference in the interval change in the li score for the primary sensorimotor cortex ( smc ) between the groups ( p < @ ) , indicating that vr practice produced a greater increase in li for the control group .', 'however , the interval changes in the other rois were not significantly different ( p > @ ) .', 'motor function was significantly improved after vr ( p < @ ) .', 'our novel findings suggest that vr could induce cortical reorganization from aberrant ipsilateral to contralateral smc activation .', 'this enhanced cortical reorganization might play an important role in recovery of locomotor function in patients with chronic stroke .', 'this is the first fmri study in the literature that provides evidence for neuroplasticity and associated locomotor recovery after vr .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "many patients who undergo co@ laser resurfacing for correction of rhytides experience recurrence of movement-associated wrinkles within @ to @ months following the laser procedure .", "the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin type a ( botox ) injections on movement-associated rhytides following cutaneous laser resurfacing .", "forty patients who had received full face co@ laser resurfacing for the treatment of facial rhytides were randomized to receive botox injections to the glabella , forehead or lateral canthal regions or to receive no additional treatment ( control group ) .", "clinical and photographic assessments were performed at baseline and at @ , @ and @ months .", "enhanced and more prolonged correction of forehead , glabellar and/or lateral canthal rhytides was observed in patients treated with botox injections postoperatively compared to non-botox treated control patients .", "the use of botulinum toxin type a following cutaneous co@ laser resurfacing results in prolonged correction of movement-associated rhytides .", "it is advised that patients receive information regarding the benefits of maintenance therapy with botulinum toxin as part of their routine preoperative education ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['many patients who undergo co@ laser resurfacing for correction of rhytides experience recurrence of movement-associated wrinkles within @ to @ months following the laser procedure .', 'the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin type a ( botox ) injections on movement-associated rhytides following cutaneous laser resurfacing .', 'forty patients who had received full face co@ laser resurfacing for the treatment of facial rhytides were randomized to receive botox injections to the glabella , forehead or lateral canthal regions or to receive no additional treatment ( control group ) .', 'clinical and photographic assessments were performed at baseline and at @ , @ and @ months .', 'enhanced and more prolonged correction of forehead , glabellar and/or lateral canthal rhytides was observed in patients treated with botox injections postoperatively compared to non-botox treated control patients .', 'the use of botulinum toxin type a following cutaneous co@ laser resurfacing results in prolonged correction of movement-associated rhytides .', 'it is advised that patients receive information regarding the benefits of maintenance therapy with botulinum toxin as part of their routine preoperative education .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "by means of a @-week intensive multidisciplinary training & treatment course in small groups ( isbp ) , young adults with atopic dermatitis may be able to achieve better self-management of their disease and reduce their number of doctor visits .", "patients aged @-@ with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis ( scorad > @ ) were randomized in a treatment ( isbp ) group of n = @ and a control group of n = @ .", "follow-up was @ months .", "the outcome was assessed using validated primary and secondary parameters , both specific for atopic dermatitis and more general .", "participants in the isbp scored significantly better at follow-up in the marburger atopic dermatitis-specific questionnaire and the self-care parameter , needed less time for medical consultations , and used more emollients without corticosteroids .", "absence from work/sick leave was less at @ weeks follow-up , but equal at @ months .", "the isbp program can be judged successful because both the patients and their doctors perceive their interactions as more efficient , less time time-consuming and more satisfying ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['by means of a @-week intensive multidisciplinary training & treatment course in small groups ( isbp ) , young adults with atopic dermatitis may be able to achieve better self-management of their disease and reduce their number of doctor visits .', 'patients aged @-@ with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis ( scorad > @ ) were randomized in a treatment ( isbp ) group of n = @ and a control group of n = @ .', 'follow-up was @ months .', 'the outcome was assessed using validated primary and secondary parameters , both specific for atopic dermatitis and more general .', 'participants in the isbp scored significantly better at follow-up in the marburger atopic dermatitis-specific questionnaire and the self-care parameter , needed less time for medical consultations , and used more emollients without corticosteroids .', 'absence from work/sick leave was less at @ weeks follow-up , but equal at @ months .', 'the isbp program can be judged successful because both the patients and their doctors perceive their interactions as more efficient , less time time-consuming and more satisfying .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "previous imaging studies have indicated that the levels of the dopamine transporter ( dat ) are reduced in the brains of heroin users .", "however , whether these changes can be reversed by abstinence and/or treatment remains unclear .", "this study aims to investigate dat availability in heroin users and changes in dat availability after abstinence and treatment with the jitai tablets , a traditional chinese medicinal product that is approved for the treatment of opioid addiction .", "single-photon emission computed tomography ( spect ) with [ ( @m ) tc ] trodat-@ was performed on heroin-dependent patients ( n = @ ) and healthy controls ( n = @ ) .", "the patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either placebo or the jitai .", "all patients underwent spect imaging both at baseline and after @ months of treatment .", "dat availability was assessed in the caudate and putamen .", "depression and anxiety were evaluated at baseline .", "dat availability remained at low levels during a @-month period in the placebo-treated group but was increased ( @-@ % ) in the jitai-treated group .", "the ratio of dat availability at month @ to that at baseline in the jitai-treated group was significantly higher than that in the placebo-treated group in both the bilateral caudate and putamen .", "dat uptake in the striatum was significantly correlated with daily heroin dose , years of heroin use , and depression .", "these findings suggest that chronic heroin use induces long-lasting striatal dat reductions .", "dat availability remained unchanged during a @-month period of abstinence .", "treatment with jitai appears to be effective at increasing striatal dat availability ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['previous imaging studies have indicated that the levels of the dopamine transporter ( dat ) are reduced in the brains of heroin users .', 'however , whether these changes can be reversed by abstinence and/or treatment remains unclear .', 'this study aims to investigate dat availability in heroin users and changes in dat availability after abstinence and treatment with the jitai tablets , a traditional chinese medicinal product that is approved for the treatment of opioid addiction .', 'single-photon emission computed tomography ( spect ) with [ ( @m ) tc ] trodat-@ was performed on heroin-dependent patients ( n = @ ) and healthy controls ( n = @ ) .', 'the patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either placebo or the jitai .', 'all patients underwent spect imaging both at baseline and after @ months of treatment .', 'dat availability was assessed in the caudate and putamen .', 'depression and anxiety were evaluated at baseline .', 'dat availability remained at low levels during a @-month period in the placebo-treated group but was increased ( @-@ % ) in the jitai-treated group .', 'the ratio of dat availability at month @ to that at baseline in the jitai-treated group was significantly higher than that in the placebo-treated group in both the bilateral caudate and putamen .', 'dat uptake in the striatum was significantly correlated with daily heroin dose , years of heroin use , and depression .', 'these findings suggest that chronic heroin use induces long-lasting striatal dat reductions .', 'dat availability remained unchanged during a @-month period of abstinence .', 'treatment with jitai appears to be effective at increasing striatal dat availability .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "use of intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential ( ssep ) monitoring is helpful in spinal corrective surgery but may be affected by anaesthetic drugs .", "an anaesthetic technique that has less effect on ssep or allows faster recovery is an advantage .", "we compared the effects on ssep and the clinical recovery profiles of sevoflurane/nitrous oxide and propofol anaesthesia during surgery to correct scoliosis .", "twenty adolescent patients were randomized into two groups of @ .", "one group received sevoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia and the other received propofol i.v. anaesthesia .", "an alfentanil infusion was used for analgesia in both groups .", "changes in anaesthetic concentration produced little effect on the latency of ssep , but the effect on the variability of ssep amplitude was significant ( p < @ ) .", "sevoflurane produced a faster decrease in ssep and a faster recovery than propofol ( p < @ ) .", "on emergence , patients who received sevoflurane tended to have shorter recovery times to eye opening ( mean @ vs @ min , p = @ ) and toe movement ( mean @ vs @ min , p = @ ) .", "those who had received sevoflurane were significantly more lucid and cooperative in recovery .", "sevoflurane produces a faster decrease and recovery of ssep amplitude as well as a better conscious state on emergence than propofol ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['use of intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential ( ssep ) monitoring is helpful in spinal corrective surgery but may be affected by anaesthetic drugs .', 'an anaesthetic technique that has less effect on ssep or allows faster recovery is an advantage .', 'we compared the effects on ssep and the clinical recovery profiles of sevoflurane/nitrous oxide and propofol anaesthesia during surgery to correct scoliosis .', 'twenty adolescent patients were randomized into two groups of @ .', 'one group received sevoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia and the other received propofol i.v. anaesthesia .', 'an alfentanil infusion was used for analgesia in both groups .', 'changes in anaesthetic concentration produced little effect on the latency of ssep , but the effect on the variability of ssep amplitude was significant ( p < @ ) .', 'sevoflurane produced a faster decrease in ssep and a faster recovery than propofol ( p < @ ) .', 'on emergence , patients who received sevoflurane tended to have shorter recovery times to eye opening ( mean @ vs @ min , p = @ ) and toe movement ( mean @ vs @ min , p = @ ) .', 'those who had received sevoflurane were significantly more lucid and cooperative in recovery .', 'sevoflurane produces a faster decrease and recovery of ssep amplitude as well as a better conscious state on emergence than propofol .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "evidence-based data to guide the management of status epilepticus ( se ) after failure of primary treatment are still scarce and the alternate needs to be found when phenytoin ( pht ) is not available or contraindicated .", "comparison of intravenous ( iv ) valproate ( vpa ) and diazepam ( dzp ) infusion has not been conducted in adults with se .", "this prospective randomized controlled trial is thus designed to evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of iv vpa and continuous dzp infusion as second-line anticonvulsants .", "after failure of first-line anticonvulsants treatment , patients with generalized convulsive status epilepticus ( gcse ) were randomized to receive either iv vpa or continuous dzp infusion .", "primary outcome was the proportion of patients with effective control .", "side effects were also evaluated .", "there were @ cases enrolled , with the mean age of @ @ years .", "seizure was controlled in @ % ( @/@ ) of the dzp group and @ % ( @/@ ) of the vpa group ( p = @ ) .", "no patient in the vpa group developed respiratory depression , hypotension , or hepatic dysfunction , whereas in the dzp group , @ % required ventilation and @ % developed hypotension .", "time ( hour ) for regaining consciousness after control was near-significantly longer in the dzp group [ @ ( @-@ @ ) ] than in the vpa group [ @ ( @-@ ) ] ( p = @ ) .", "virus encephalitis and long duration of gcse were independent risk factors of drug resistance .", "both iv vpa and continuous dzp infusion are effective second-line anticonvulsants for gcse .", "iv vpa was well tolerated and free of respiratory depression and hypotension , which may develop in the dzp group .", "outcome parameters were not significantly different between groups ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['evidence-based data to guide the management of status epilepticus ( se ) after failure of primary treatment are still scarce and the alternate needs to be found when phenytoin ( pht ) is not available or contraindicated .', 'comparison of intravenous ( iv ) valproate ( vpa ) and diazepam ( dzp ) infusion has not been conducted in adults with se .', 'this prospective randomized controlled trial is thus designed to evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of iv vpa and continuous dzp infusion as second-line anticonvulsants .', 'after failure of first-line anticonvulsants treatment , patients with generalized convulsive status epilepticus ( gcse ) were randomized to receive either iv vpa or continuous dzp infusion .', 'primary outcome was the proportion of patients with effective control .', 'side effects were also evaluated .', 'there were @ cases enrolled , with the mean age of @ @ years .', 'seizure was controlled in @ % ( @/@ ) of the dzp group and @ % ( @/@ ) of the vpa group ( p = @ ) .', 'no patient in the vpa group developed respiratory depression , hypotension , or hepatic dysfunction , whereas in the dzp group , @ % required ventilation and @ % developed hypotension .', 'time ( hour ) for regaining consciousness after control was near-significantly longer in the dzp group [ @ ( @-@ @ ) ] than in the vpa group [ @ ( @-@ ) ] ( p = @ ) .', 'virus encephalitis and long duration of gcse were independent risk factors of drug resistance .', 'both iv vpa and continuous dzp infusion are effective second-line anticonvulsants for gcse .', 'iv vpa was well tolerated and free of respiratory depression and hypotension , which may develop in the dzp group .', 'outcome parameters were not significantly different between groups .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "cannabis abuse in psychotic patients is associated with rehospitalizations , reduced adherence and increased symptom severity .", "previous psychosocial interventions have been ineffective in cannabis use , possibly because of low sample sizes and short interventions .", "we investigated whether adding capopus to treatment as usual ( tau ) reduces cannabis use in patients with cannabis use disorder and psychosis .", "method a total of @ patients with psychosis and cannabis use disorder were centrally randomized to @ months of capopus plus tau ( n = @ ) or tau ( n = @ ) .", "capopus consisted mainly of motivational interviewing and cognitive behaviour therapy ( cbt ) .", "tau was targeted primarily at the psychotic disorder .", "the primary outcome was self-reported days with cannabis use in the preceding month .", "pre-randomization cannabis use frequency was @ [ @ % confidence interval ( ci ) @-@ @ ] days/month .", "post-treatment , the ratio of days/month with cannabis use in capopus versus tau was @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) ( p = @ ) , and @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) ( p = @ ) at the @-month follow-up .", "from @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) monthly joints pre-randomization , consumption fell to @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) joints in capopus and @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) in tau ( p = @ ) .", "follow-up amounts were @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) and @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) joints ( p = @ ) .", "several subgroup analyses suggested benefits of capopus .", "capopus did not reduce the frequency , but possibly the amount , of cannabis use .", "this is similar to the findings of previous trials in this population .", "implementation of capopus-type interventions is thus not warranted at present but subgroup analyses call for further trials ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['cannabis abuse in psychotic patients is associated with rehospitalizations , reduced adherence and increased symptom severity .', 'previous psychosocial interventions have been ineffective in cannabis use , possibly because of low sample sizes and short interventions .', 'we investigated whether adding capopus to treatment as usual ( tau ) reduces cannabis use in patients with cannabis use disorder and psychosis .', 'method a total of @ patients with psychosis and cannabis use disorder were centrally randomized to @ months of capopus plus tau ( n = @ ) or tau ( n = @ ) .', 'capopus consisted mainly of motivational interviewing and cognitive behaviour therapy ( cbt ) .', 'tau was targeted primarily at the psychotic disorder .', 'the primary outcome was self-reported days with cannabis use in the preceding month .', 'pre-randomization cannabis use frequency was @ [ @ % confidence interval ( ci ) @-@ @ ] days/month .', 'post-treatment , the ratio of days/month with cannabis use in capopus versus tau was @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) ( p = @ ) , and @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) ( p = @ ) at the @-month follow-up .', 'from @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) monthly joints pre-randomization , consumption fell to @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) joints in capopus and @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) in tau ( p = @ ) .', 'follow-up amounts were @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) and @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) joints ( p = @ ) .', 'several subgroup analyses suggested benefits of capopus .', 'capopus did not reduce the frequency , but possibly the amount , of cannabis use .', 'this is similar to the findings of previous trials in this population .', 'implementation of capopus-type interventions is thus not warranted at present but subgroup analyses call for further trials .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study was designed to assess the long-term effects of low-fat diet and intensive physical exercise .", "long-term efficacy of exercise and diet was assessed in @ nonselected , fully employed patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease .", "results were compared to @ patients on usual care .", "in the intervention group at @ year , serum lipoproteins were brought to ideal levels , exercise-induced myocardial ischemia was significantly reduced , and progression in coronary atherosclerosis was retarded .", "after more than @ years , patients in the intervention group showed a significant reduction in lipoprotein levels ( total cholesterol , @ [ @-@ ] vs @ [ @-@ ] mg/dl , p < @ ; low density lipoprotein , @ [ @-@ ] , vs @ [ @-@ ] mg/dl , p < @ vs control ; triglycerides ; @ [ @-@ ] mg/dl , vs @ [ @-@ ] mg/dl ; p < @ ) and body mass index ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ kg/m@ ; p < @ ) .", "exercise induced myocardial ischemia , measured by @thallium scintigraphy , decreased by @ % ( @ degrees + / - @ degrees vs @ degrees + / - @ degrees , p = ns ) and coronary atherosclerosis , assessed by angiography and digital image processing , progressed at a slower pace in light of a @ % increase in physical work capacity ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ , p < @ ) and a @ % increase in maximal rate pressure product ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ , p < @ ) .", "in contrast , patients in the control group showed only poorly controlled coronary risk factors ( total cholesterol , @ [ @-@ ] vs @ [ @-@ ] mg/dl , p = ns ; low density lipoprotein , @ [ @-@ ] vs @ [ @-@ ] mg/dl , p < @ vs intervention ; body mass index @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ kg/m@ , p < @ ) , whereas their physical work capacity tended to deteriorate ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ watts , p = not significant ) .", "these data demonstrate that current usual care is insufficient in controlling risk factors of coronary artery disease .", "however , intensive physical exercise and low-fat diet remain an effective form of treatment after more than @ years ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this study was designed to assess the long-term effects of low-fat diet and intensive physical exercise .', 'long-term efficacy of exercise and diet was assessed in @ nonselected , fully employed patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease .', 'results were compared to @ patients on usual care .', 'in the intervention group at @ year , serum lipoproteins were brought to ideal levels , exercise-induced myocardial ischemia was significantly reduced , and progression in coronary atherosclerosis was retarded .', 'after more than @ years , patients in the intervention group showed a significant reduction in lipoprotein levels ( total cholesterol , @ [ @-@ ] vs @ [ @-@ ] mg/dl , p < @ ; low density lipoprotein , @ [ @-@ ] , vs @ [ @-@ ] mg/dl , p < @ vs control ; triglycerides ; @ [ @-@ ] mg/dl , vs @ [ @-@ ] mg/dl ; p < @ ) and body mass index ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ kg/m@ ; p < @ ) .', 'exercise induced myocardial ischemia , measured by @thallium scintigraphy , decreased by @ % ( @ degrees + / - @ degrees vs @ degrees + / - @ degrees , p = ns ) and coronary atherosclerosis , assessed by angiography and digital image processing , progressed at a slower pace in light of a @ % increase in physical work capacity ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ , p < @ ) and a @ % increase in maximal rate pressure product ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ , p < @ ) .', 'in contrast , patients in the control group showed only poorly controlled coronary risk factors ( total cholesterol , @ [ @-@ ] vs @ [ @-@ ] mg/dl , p = ns ; low density lipoprotein , @ [ @-@ ] vs @ [ @-@ ] mg/dl , p < @ vs intervention ; body mass index @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ kg/m@ , p < @ ) , whereas their physical work capacity tended to deteriorate ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ watts , p = not significant ) .', 'these data demonstrate that current usual care is insufficient in controlling risk factors of coronary artery disease .', 'however , intensive physical exercise and low-fat diet remain an effective form of treatment after more than @ years .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "anti-inflammatory and skin hydration properties of a dietary supplement and @ topical formulations ( anthogenol ) with oligomeric proanthocyanidins were investigated .", "forty-two subjects were randomized into @ groups : one taking the dietary supplement ( @ mg/day ) and the other without supplement .", "after @ weeks , erythema was induced using uv radiation followed by treatment with topical cream or lotion .", "erythema was measured for up to @ h after irradiation .", "skin hydration after @ and @ weeks of application of the cream and lotion was also measured in separate test fields .", "both topical formulations led to a significant suppression of erythema formation and the dietary supplement led to an additional slightly stronger suppression .", "thus @ h after uv exposure and compared to the control fields of patients that had not taken a dietary supplement , erythema was slightly ( @ % ) lower in the subjects that had taken a dietary supplement .", "the cream resulted in a maximal reduction of erythema of @ % ( p = @ ) , while the lotion resulted in a maximal reduction of @ % ( p = @ ) .", "both topical formulations also increased skin hydration ( by nearly @ % ; p < @ for all combinations of dietary supplementation and topical treatment ) and the hydration was higher in the group taking the dietary supplement .", "the regular use of anthogenol products may help to protect from free-radical-mediated skin inflammation and to increase skin hydration ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['anti-inflammatory and skin hydration properties of a dietary supplement and @ topical formulations ( anthogenol ) with oligomeric proanthocyanidins were investigated .', 'forty-two subjects were randomized into @ groups : one taking the dietary supplement ( @ mg/day ) and the other without supplement .', 'after @ weeks , erythema was induced using uv radiation followed by treatment with topical cream or lotion .', 'erythema was measured for up to @ h after irradiation .', 'skin hydration after @ and @ weeks of application of the cream and lotion was also measured in separate test fields .', 'both topical formulations led to a significant suppression of erythema formation and the dietary supplement led to an additional slightly stronger suppression .', 'thus @ h after uv exposure and compared to the control fields of patients that had not taken a dietary supplement , erythema was slightly ( @ % ) lower in the subjects that had taken a dietary supplement .', 'the cream resulted in a maximal reduction of erythema of @ % ( p = @ ) , while the lotion resulted in a maximal reduction of @ % ( p = @ ) .', 'both topical formulations also increased skin hydration ( by nearly @ % ; p < @ for all combinations of dietary supplementation and topical treatment ) and the hydration was higher in the group taking the dietary supplement .', 'the regular use of anthogenol products may help to protect from free-radical-mediated skin inflammation and to increase skin hydration .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "childhood obesity has become a health problem in urban areas in china .", "intervention to reduce childhood obesity should be of high priority .", "school-based intervention programmes are needed to deal with the growing prevalence of childhood obesity in china .", "five primary schools were selected randomly for this study in the beijing urban area in china ; two were allocated to the intervention group and three to the control group .", "a total of @ children ( @ children in intervention schools and @ children in control schools ) took part in the study for @ years .", "in the intervention group , children and their parents were involved in a programme of nutrition education and physical activity .", "control school students followed their usual health and physical education curriculum with no extra intervention .", "after the @-year intervention , the prevalence of overweight and obesity were significantly lower in the intervention schools than in the control schools ( overweight : @ % vs. @ % , p < @ ; obesity : @ % vs. @ % , p < @ ) .", "the prevalence of overweight and obesity decreased by @ % and @ % in intervention schools respectively after intervention .", "the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased in control schools .", "there was also significant difference in body mass index between intervention and control schools ( @ + / - @ vs. @ + / - @ , p < @ ) after intervention .", "more non-obese children became obese in the control schools ( @ % ) than in the intervention schools ( @ % ) at end line ( p < @ ) .", "among the children who were obese at baseline , @ % remained obese at end line in intervention schools while @ % remained obese in control schools ( p < @ ) .", "our study showed that an intervention programme could be feasible in schools in beijing , china .", "the prevalence of overweight and obesity was reduced in schoolchildren in beijing through an intervention focused on nutrition education and physical activity .", "overweight and obesity children as well as normal weight children and their parents should be involved in such an intervention programme ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['childhood obesity has become a health problem in urban areas in china .', 'intervention to reduce childhood obesity should be of high priority .', 'school-based intervention programmes are needed to deal with the growing prevalence of childhood obesity in china .', 'five primary schools were selected randomly for this study in the beijing urban area in china ; two were allocated to the intervention group and three to the control group .', 'a total of @ children ( @ children in intervention schools and @ children in control schools ) took part in the study for @ years .', 'in the intervention group , children and their parents were involved in a programme of nutrition education and physical activity .', 'control school students followed their usual health and physical education curriculum with no extra intervention .', 'after the @-year intervention , the prevalence of overweight and obesity were significantly lower in the intervention schools than in the control schools ( overweight : @ % vs. @ % , p < @ ; obesity : @ % vs. @ % , p < @ ) .', 'the prevalence of overweight and obesity decreased by @ % and @ % in intervention schools respectively after intervention .', 'the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased in control schools .', 'there was also significant difference in body mass index between intervention and control schools ( @ + / - @ vs. @ + / - @ , p < @ ) after intervention .', 'more non-obese children became obese in the control schools ( @ % ) than in the intervention schools ( @ % ) at end line ( p < @ ) .', 'among the children who were obese at baseline , @ % remained obese at end line in intervention schools while @ % remained obese in control schools ( p < @ ) .', 'our study showed that an intervention programme could be feasible in schools in beijing , china .', 'the prevalence of overweight and obesity was reduced in schoolchildren in beijing through an intervention focused on nutrition education and physical activity .', 'overweight and obesity children as well as normal weight children and their parents should be involved in such an intervention programme .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "tolterodine is a bladder-selective antimuscarinic agent designed for the treatment of overactive bladder .", "traditional antimuscarinic therapies are poorly tolerated due to a high incidence of anticholinergic adverse events and consequently few patients remain on long term therapy .", "to evaluate the long term efficacy and tolerability of tolterodine in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder .", "twelve-month open-label extension of @ randomised , placebo-controlled , double-blind , multinational , multicentre trials of @ weeks ' duration .", "@ patients ( aged @ to @ years ) with symptoms of overactive bladder who completed the double-blind portion of the studies .", "tolterodine @ mg twice daily for up to @ months .", "micturition diary variables : number of micturitions per @ hours , number of urge incontinence episodes per @ hours , mean urine volume voided per micturition .", "safety variables : adverse events , study discontinuation rate .", "a total of @ patients ( @ % ) completed @ months ' open-label treatment with tolterodine , which significantly reduced the number of micturitions per @ hours [ mean change -@ , @ % confidence interval ( ci ) -@ to -@ , median change -@ % , p < @ ] and number of urge incontinence episodes per @ hours ( mean change -@ , @ % ci -@ to -@ , median change -@ % , p < @ ) , while the mean volume voided per micturition was significantly increased ( +@ ml , @ % ci +@ to +@ , median change +@ % ; p < @ ) .", "@ % of patients reported dry mouth ( @ % mild , @ % moderate , @ % severe ) .", "dosage reduction to @ mg twice daily was required in @ % of patients .", "@ % of patients withdrew from the study due to adverse events , with @ % having associated dry mouth .", "the high percentage of patients completing @ months ' treatment indicates that tolterodine is an effective and well tolerated agent for long term treatment of overactive bladder ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['tolterodine is a bladder-selective antimuscarinic agent designed for the treatment of overactive bladder .', 'traditional antimuscarinic therapies are poorly tolerated due to a high incidence of anticholinergic adverse events and consequently few patients remain on long term therapy .', 'to evaluate the long term efficacy and tolerability of tolterodine in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder .', \"twelve-month open-label extension of @ randomised , placebo-controlled , double-blind , multinational , multicentre trials of @ weeks ' duration .\", '@ patients ( aged @ to @ years ) with symptoms of overactive bladder who completed the double-blind portion of the studies .', 'tolterodine @ mg twice daily for up to @ months .', 'micturition diary variables : number of micturitions per @ hours , number of urge incontinence episodes per @ hours , mean urine volume voided per micturition .', 'safety variables : adverse events , study discontinuation rate .', \"a total of @ patients ( @ % ) completed @ months ' open-label treatment with tolterodine , which significantly reduced the number of micturitions per @ hours [ mean change -@ , @ % confidence interval ( ci ) -@ to -@ , median change -@ % , p < @ ] and number of urge incontinence episodes per @ hours ( mean change -@ , @ % ci -@ to -@ , median change -@ % , p < @ ) , while the mean volume voided per micturition was significantly increased ( +@ ml , @ % ci +@ to +@ , median change +@ % ; p < @ ) .\", '@ % of patients reported dry mouth ( @ % mild , @ % moderate , @ % severe ) .', 'dosage reduction to @ mg twice daily was required in @ % of patients .', '@ % of patients withdrew from the study due to adverse events , with @ % having associated dry mouth .', \"the high percentage of patients completing @ months ' treatment indicates that tolterodine is an effective and well tolerated agent for long term treatment of overactive bladder .\"]" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas ( rps ) are rare tumors that include several well-defined histologic subtypes .", "although surgery is the mainstay of curative therapy , no universally accepted recommendations concerning the best management have been developed to date .", "optimization of the initial approach is critical for maximizing patient outcomes .", "an rps trans-atlantic working group was established in @ .", "the primary aim was to evaluate the current evidence critically and to develop a consensus document on the approach to this difficult disease .", "the outcome applies to primary rps that is nonvisceral in origin .", "the evaluation included sarcomas of major veins ( inferior vena cava , renal vein , ovarian/testicular vein ) , undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the psoas , and ureteric leiomyosarcoma ( lms ) .", "it excluded desmoid , lipoma and angiomyolipoma , gastrointestinal stromal tumors , visceral sarcomas such as those arising from the gut or its mesentery , uterine lms , prostatic sarcoma , paratesticular/spermatic cord sarcoma , ewing 's sarcoma , alveolar/embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma , primitive peripheral neuro-ectodermal tumor , sarcoma arising from teratoma , carcinosarcoma , sarcomatoid carcinoma , clear cell sarcoma , radiation-induced sarcoma , paraganglioma , and malignant pheochromocytoma .", "management of rps was evaluated from diagnosis to follow-up , and a level of evidence was attributed to each statement .", "this rare and complex malignancy is best managed by an experienced multidisciplinary team in a specialized referral center .", "the best chance of cure is at the time of primary presentation , and an individualized management plan should be made based on the statements included in this article .", "international collaboration is critical for adding to the current knowledge .", "a prospective registry will be set up ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas ( rps ) are rare tumors that include several well-defined histologic subtypes .', 'although surgery is the mainstay of curative therapy , no universally accepted recommendations concerning the best management have been developed to date .', 'optimization of the initial approach is critical for maximizing patient outcomes .', 'an rps trans-atlantic working group was established in @ .', 'the primary aim was to evaluate the current evidence critically and to develop a consensus document on the approach to this difficult disease .', 'the outcome applies to primary rps that is nonvisceral in origin .', 'the evaluation included sarcomas of major veins ( inferior vena cava , renal vein , ovarian/testicular vein ) , undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the psoas , and ureteric leiomyosarcoma ( lms ) .', \"it excluded desmoid , lipoma and angiomyolipoma , gastrointestinal stromal tumors , visceral sarcomas such as those arising from the gut or its mesentery , uterine lms , prostatic sarcoma , paratesticular/spermatic cord sarcoma , ewing 's sarcoma , alveolar/embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma , primitive peripheral neuro-ectodermal tumor , sarcoma arising from teratoma , carcinosarcoma , sarcomatoid carcinoma , clear cell sarcoma , radiation-induced sarcoma , paraganglioma , and malignant pheochromocytoma .\", 'management of rps was evaluated from diagnosis to follow-up , and a level of evidence was attributed to each statement .', 'this rare and complex malignancy is best managed by an experienced multidisciplinary team in a specialized referral center .', 'the best chance of cure is at the time of primary presentation , and an individualized management plan should be made based on the statements included in this article .', 'international collaboration is critical for adding to the current knowledge .', 'a prospective registry will be set up .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy and tolerability of an oral enzyme preparation ( phlogenzym ) with that of an nsaid ( diclofenac ) in the treatment of active osteoarthrosis .", "prospective , randomized , controlled , single-blind study of seven weeks duration at a tertiary care centre wherein @ patients aged @-@ years , with activated osteoarthrosis of knee joint were randomized to receive phlogenzym tablets ( @-@ tablets , bid ) or diclofenac sodium @ mg bid for three weeks .", "at the end of therapy ( three weeks ) and at follow-up visit at seven weeks there was reduction in pain and joint tenderness and swelling in both groups , and slight improvement in the range of movement in the study group .", "the reduction in joint tenderness was greater ( p < @ ) in the study group receiving phlogenzym .", "phlogenzym is as efficacious and well tolerated as diclofenac sodium in the management of active osteoarthrosis over three weeks of treatment ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the efficacy and tolerability of an oral enzyme preparation ( phlogenzym ) with that of an nsaid ( diclofenac ) in the treatment of active osteoarthrosis .', 'prospective , randomized , controlled , single-blind study of seven weeks duration at a tertiary care centre wherein @ patients aged @-@ years , with activated osteoarthrosis of knee joint were randomized to receive phlogenzym tablets ( @-@ tablets , bid ) or diclofenac sodium @ mg bid for three weeks .', 'at the end of therapy ( three weeks ) and at follow-up visit at seven weeks there was reduction in pain and joint tenderness and swelling in both groups , and slight improvement in the range of movement in the study group .', 'the reduction in joint tenderness was greater ( p < @ ) in the study group receiving phlogenzym .', 'phlogenzym is as efficacious and well tolerated as diclofenac sodium in the management of active osteoarthrosis over three weeks of treatment .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to advance knowledge about the cancer-chemopreventive potential of individual nutrients , we investigated the effects of b vitamin and/or -@ fatty acid supplements on cancer outcomes among survivors of cardiovascular disease .", "this was an ancillary study of the supplementation with folate , vitamins b ( @ ) and b ( @ ) and/or omega-@ fatty acids ( su.fol.om@ ) secondary prevention trial ( @-@ ) .", "in all , @ individuals aged @ to @ years were randomized in a @ factorial design to one of the following @ daily supplementation groups : ( @ ) @-methyltetrahydrofolate ( @ mg ) , pyridoxine hydrochloride ( vitamin b ( @ ) ; @ mg ) and cyanocobalamin ( vitamin b ( @ ) ; @ mg ) ; ( @ ) eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid ( @ mg ) in a @:@ ratio ; ( @ ) b vitamins and -@ fatty acids ; or ( @ ) placebo .", "overall and sex-specific hazard ratios ( hrs ) and @ % cis regarding the cancer outcomes were estimated with cox proportional hazards models .", "after @ years of supplementation , incident cancer was validated in @ % of the sample ( @ events in men and @ in women ) , and death from cancer occurred in @ % of the sample .", "there was no association between cancer outcomes and supplementation with b vitamins ( hr , @ [ @ % ci , @-@ @ ] ) and/or -@ fatty acids ( hr , @ [ @ % ci , @-@ @ ] ) .", "there was a statistically significant interaction of treatment by sex , with no effect of treatment on cancer risk among men and increased cancer risk among women for -@ fatty acid supplementation ( hr , @ [ @ % ci , @-@ @ ] ) .", "we found no beneficial effects of supplementation with relatively low doses of b vitamins and/or -@ fatty acids on cancer outcomes in individuals with prior cardiovascular disease .", "trial registration isrctn.org identifier : isrctn@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to advance knowledge about the cancer-chemopreventive potential of individual nutrients , we investigated the effects of b vitamin and/or -@ fatty acid supplements on cancer outcomes among survivors of cardiovascular disease .', 'this was an ancillary study of the supplementation with folate , vitamins b ( @ ) and b ( @ ) and/or omega-@ fatty acids ( su.fol.om@ ) secondary prevention trial ( @-@ ) .', 'in all , @ individuals aged @ to @ years were randomized in a @ factorial design to one of the following @ daily supplementation groups : ( @ ) @-methyltetrahydrofolate ( @ mg ) , pyridoxine hydrochloride ( vitamin b ( @ ) ; @ mg ) and cyanocobalamin ( vitamin b ( @ ) ; @ mg ) ; ( @ ) eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid ( @ mg ) in a @:@ ratio ; ( @ ) b vitamins and -@ fatty acids ; or ( @ ) placebo .', 'overall and sex-specific hazard ratios ( hrs ) and @ % cis regarding the cancer outcomes were estimated with cox proportional hazards models .', 'after @ years of supplementation , incident cancer was validated in @ % of the sample ( @ events in men and @ in women ) , and death from cancer occurred in @ % of the sample .', 'there was no association between cancer outcomes and supplementation with b vitamins ( hr , @ [ @ % ci , @-@ @ ] ) and/or -@ fatty acids ( hr , @ [ @ % ci , @-@ @ ] ) .', 'there was a statistically significant interaction of treatment by sex , with no effect of treatment on cancer risk among men and increased cancer risk among women for -@ fatty acid supplementation ( hr , @ [ @ % ci , @-@ @ ] ) .', 'we found no beneficial effects of supplementation with relatively low doses of b vitamins and/or -@ fatty acids on cancer outcomes in individuals with prior cardiovascular disease .', 'trial registration isrctn.org identifier : isrctn@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "beta-tryptase is a multifunctional mast cell serine protease released during mast cell degranulation and tryptase/trypsin inhibitors are a novel potential therapeutic approach for allergic inflammatory diseases .", "this study was performed to assess the effects of rwj-@ on nasal symptoms , eosinophil influx , and cytokine and chemokine release following nasal allergen challenge ( nac ) .", "male patients with grass pollen allergic rhinitis ( n = @ ) out of season received single doses of rwj-@ ( @ , @ , @ microg ) or matched placebo given @ min before nac in a double-blind , randomized crossover design .", "a single dose of @ microg budesonide was studied in an open-label extension phase .", "nac was performed with timothy grass pollen ( alk ) via a nasal device , and nasal lavage was performed at times @ ( pre-drug , pre-allergen ) , @ ( @ min post-drug , pre-nac ) @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ h after drug administration .", "nasal lavage mediators were analysed using a sensitive multiplexed bead immunoassay system .", "low-dose rwj-@ ( @ microg ) and budesonide ( @ microg ) significantly reduced symptoms , eosinophils and levels of il-@ following nac .", "however , higher doses of rwj-@ ( @ and @ microg ) caused a late eosinophilia and preceding increases in il-@ compared with placebo .", "this study suggests that combined beta-tryptase and trypsin inhibition has therapeutic potential in allergic inflammation , however , this property is dose responsive and higher doses are ineffective and may cause eosinophilia ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['beta-tryptase is a multifunctional mast cell serine protease released during mast cell degranulation and tryptase/trypsin inhibitors are a novel potential therapeutic approach for allergic inflammatory diseases .', 'this study was performed to assess the effects of rwj-@ on nasal symptoms , eosinophil influx , and cytokine and chemokine release following nasal allergen challenge ( nac ) .', 'male patients with grass pollen allergic rhinitis ( n = @ ) out of season received single doses of rwj-@ ( @ , @ , @ microg ) or matched placebo given @ min before nac in a double-blind , randomized crossover design .', 'a single dose of @ microg budesonide was studied in an open-label extension phase .', 'nac was performed with timothy grass pollen ( alk ) via a nasal device , and nasal lavage was performed at times @ ( pre-drug , pre-allergen ) , @ ( @ min post-drug , pre-nac ) @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ h after drug administration .', 'nasal lavage mediators were analysed using a sensitive multiplexed bead immunoassay system .', 'low-dose rwj-@ ( @ microg ) and budesonide ( @ microg ) significantly reduced symptoms , eosinophils and levels of il-@ following nac .', 'however , higher doses of rwj-@ ( @ and @ microg ) caused a late eosinophilia and preceding increases in il-@ compared with placebo .', 'this study suggests that combined beta-tryptase and trypsin inhibition has therapeutic potential in allergic inflammation , however , this property is dose responsive and higher doses are ineffective and may cause eosinophilia .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the impact of a low-resource-demand , easily disseminated computer-based teamwork process training intervention on teamwork behaviors and patient care performance in code teams .", "a randomized comparison trial of computer-based teamwork training versus placebo training was conducted from august @ through march @ .", "this study was conducted at the simulation suite within the kado family clinical skills center , wayne state university school of medicine .", "participants ( n = @ ) were fourth-year medical students and first - , second - , and third-year emergency medicine residents at wayne state university .", "each participant was assigned to a team of four to six members ( nteams = @ ) .", "teams were randomly assigned to receive either a @-minute computer-based training module targeting appropriate resuscitation teamwork behaviors or a placebo training module .", "teamwork behaviors and patient care behaviors were video recorded during high-fidelity simulated patient resuscitations and coded by trained raters blinded to condition assignment and study hypotheses .", "teamwork behavior items ( e.g. , `` chest radiograph findings communicated to team '' and `` team member assists with intubation preparation '' ) were standardized before combining to create overall teamwork scores .", "similarly , patient care items ( `` chest radiograph correctly interpreted '' ; `` time to start of compressions '' ) were standardized before combining to create overall patient care scores .", "subject matter expert reviews and pilot testing of scenario content , teamwork items , and patient care items provided evidence of content validity .", "when controlling for team members ' medically relevant experience , teams in the training condition demonstrated better teamwork ( f [ @ , @ ] = @ , p < @ ; p = @ % ) and patient care ( f [ @ , @ ] = @ , p < @ ; p = @ % ) than did teams in the placebo condition .", "computer-based team training positively impacts teamwork and patient care during simulated patient resuscitations .", "this low-resource team training intervention may help to address the dissemination and sustainability issues associated with larger , more costly team training programs ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to determine the impact of a low-resource-demand , easily disseminated computer-based teamwork process training intervention on teamwork behaviors and patient care performance in code teams .', 'a randomized comparison trial of computer-based teamwork training versus placebo training was conducted from august @ through march @ .', 'this study was conducted at the simulation suite within the kado family clinical skills center , wayne state university school of medicine .', 'participants ( n = @ ) were fourth-year medical students and first - , second - , and third-year emergency medicine residents at wayne state university .', 'each participant was assigned to a team of four to six members ( nteams = @ ) .', 'teams were randomly assigned to receive either a @-minute computer-based training module targeting appropriate resuscitation teamwork behaviors or a placebo training module .', 'teamwork behaviors and patient care behaviors were video recorded during high-fidelity simulated patient resuscitations and coded by trained raters blinded to condition assignment and study hypotheses .', \"teamwork behavior items ( e.g. , `` chest radiograph findings communicated to team '' and `` team member assists with intubation preparation '' ) were standardized before combining to create overall teamwork scores .\", \"similarly , patient care items ( `` chest radiograph correctly interpreted '' ; `` time to start of compressions '' ) were standardized before combining to create overall patient care scores .\", 'subject matter expert reviews and pilot testing of scenario content , teamwork items , and patient care items provided evidence of content validity .', \"when controlling for team members ' medically relevant experience , teams in the training condition demonstrated better teamwork ( f [ @ , @ ] = @ , p < @ ; p = @ % ) and patient care ( f [ @ , @ ] = @ , p < @ ; p = @ % ) than did teams in the placebo condition .\", 'computer-based team training positively impacts teamwork and patient care during simulated patient resuscitations .', 'this low-resource team training intervention may help to address the dissemination and sustainability issues associated with larger , more costly team training programs .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study evaluated in vitro the influence of an eugenol-based sealer ( endofill ) on the retention of stainless steel prefabricated posts cemented with zinc phosphate and resin-based ( panavia f ) cements after different periods of root canal obturation , using the pull-out test .", "sixty upper canines were decoronated and the roots were embedded in resin blocks .", "the specimens were distributed into @ groups , according to the period elapsed between canal obturation and post cementation : group i - immediately ; group ii - @ h and group iii - @ months .", "the groups were subdivided according to the type of cement used for post cementation : a - zinc phosphate and b - panavia f. following the experimental periods , specimens were subjected to pullout test in an instron machine with application of tensile force at a crosshead speed of @ mm/min until post dislodgement .", "the maximum forces required for post removal were recorded ( kn ) and means were subjected to statistical analysis by @-way anova and tukey-kramer test ( alpha = @ )", "there were statistically significant differences ( p < @ ) between the posts cemented with zinc phosphate cement ( @ kn ) and panavia f ( @ kn ) .", "however , no statistically significant differences ( p > @ ) were found between the three post cementation periods , regardless of the cement .", "it was concluded that the eugenol-based sealer influenced the tensile strength of the posts cemented with the resin cement , but had no influence on the time waited between root canal obturation and post space preparation/post cementation ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this study evaluated in vitro the influence of an eugenol-based sealer ( endofill ) on the retention of stainless steel prefabricated posts cemented with zinc phosphate and resin-based ( panavia f ) cements after different periods of root canal obturation , using the pull-out test .', 'sixty upper canines were decoronated and the roots were embedded in resin blocks .', 'the specimens were distributed into @ groups , according to the period elapsed between canal obturation and post cementation : group i - immediately ; group ii - @ h and group iii - @ months .', 'the groups were subdivided according to the type of cement used for post cementation : a - zinc phosphate and b - panavia f. following the experimental periods , specimens were subjected to pullout test in an instron machine with application of tensile force at a crosshead speed of @ mm/min until post dislodgement .', 'the maximum forces required for post removal were recorded ( kn ) and means were subjected to statistical analysis by @-way anova and tukey-kramer test ( alpha = @ )', 'there were statistically significant differences ( p < @ ) between the posts cemented with zinc phosphate cement ( @ kn ) and panavia f ( @ kn ) .', 'however , no statistically significant differences ( p > @ ) were found between the three post cementation periods , regardless of the cement .', 'it was concluded that the eugenol-based sealer influenced the tensile strength of the posts cemented with the resin cement , but had no influence on the time waited between root canal obturation and post space preparation/post cementation .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "acamprosate is a newly registered drug that appears to reduce alcohol-drinking in both animal models and clinical conditions .", "in order to assess the efficacy and safety of the drug in the treatment of detoxified alcoholics , we performed a @-day double-blind trial comparing two dosages of acamprosate ( @ mg/day and @ mg/day ) .", "for all efficacy parameters , acamprosate appeared to be significantly superior to placebo , with a trend towards a better effect at the higher dosage .", "furthermore , acamprosate appeared to be extremely safe .", "this study confirms that acamprosate could be an interesting adjuvant for maintaining abstinence in detoxified alcoholics ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['acamprosate is a newly registered drug that appears to reduce alcohol-drinking in both animal models and clinical conditions .', 'in order to assess the efficacy and safety of the drug in the treatment of detoxified alcoholics , we performed a @-day double-blind trial comparing two dosages of acamprosate ( @ mg/day and @ mg/day ) .', 'for all efficacy parameters , acamprosate appeared to be significantly superior to placebo , with a trend towards a better effect at the higher dosage .', 'furthermore , acamprosate appeared to be extremely safe .', 'this study confirms that acamprosate could be an interesting adjuvant for maintaining abstinence in detoxified alcoholics .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "although mitral regurgitation ( mr ) may be assessed during exercise echocardiography ( ee ) there are no data regarding its value for predicting outcome in large series of patients .", "we sought to determine whether the predictive value of ee is maintained over clinical variables and resting echocardiography when the latter included information on mr , and to verify whether postexercise mr may improve the value of ee for predicting outcome .", "in all , @ patients ( mean age + / - @sd = @ + / - @ years ; mean left ventricular ejection fraction + / - @sd = @ + / - @ ) referred for ee were followed up for @ + / - @ years .", "there were @ cardiac events before revascularization : @ events occurred in @ patients with abnormal ee and @ events occurred in @ patients with normal ee ( p < @ ) , whereas there were @ events in the @ patients with moderate or higher resting mr and @ events in the @ patients with no or mild mr ( p < @ ) .", "previous myocardial infarction , resting mr , peak double product , and peak left ventricular ejection fraction were independently associated to hard events ( chi@ model = @ , p < @ ) .", "the same variables were associated to cardiac death ( chi@ model = @ , p < @ ) .", "predictors of cardiac events in patients with abnormal ee were resting mr , resting wall-motion score index , metabolic equivalents , peak double product , and mr worsening ( incremental p value of mr worsening = @ ) .", "predictors of cardiac death were resting mr , peak double product , peak left ventricular ejection fraction , and mr worsening ( incremental p value of mr worsening = @ ) .", "ee maintains its higher prognostic value over resting echocardiography even when the latter incorporates information on resting mr. mr worsening provides significant incremental prognostic information in patients with abnormal ee ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['although mitral regurgitation ( mr ) may be assessed during exercise echocardiography ( ee ) there are no data regarding its value for predicting outcome in large series of patients .', 'we sought to determine whether the predictive value of ee is maintained over clinical variables and resting echocardiography when the latter included information on mr , and to verify whether postexercise mr may improve the value of ee for predicting outcome .', 'in all , @ patients ( mean age + / - @sd = @ + / - @ years ; mean left ventricular ejection fraction + / - @sd = @ + / - @ ) referred for ee were followed up for @ + / - @ years .', 'there were @ cardiac events before revascularization : @ events occurred in @ patients with abnormal ee and @ events occurred in @ patients with normal ee ( p < @ ) , whereas there were @ events in the @ patients with moderate or higher resting mr and @ events in the @ patients with no or mild mr ( p < @ ) .', 'previous myocardial infarction , resting mr , peak double product , and peak left ventricular ejection fraction were independently associated to hard events ( chi@ model = @ , p < @ ) .', 'the same variables were associated to cardiac death ( chi@ model = @ , p < @ ) .', 'predictors of cardiac events in patients with abnormal ee were resting mr , resting wall-motion score index , metabolic equivalents , peak double product , and mr worsening ( incremental p value of mr worsening = @ ) .', 'predictors of cardiac death were resting mr , peak double product , peak left ventricular ejection fraction , and mr worsening ( incremental p value of mr worsening = @ ) .', 'ee maintains its higher prognostic value over resting echocardiography even when the latter incorporates information on resting mr. mr worsening provides significant incremental prognostic information in patients with abnormal ee .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "diabetic foot problems due to angiopathy and neuropathy account for @ % of all nontraumatic amputations and constitute a significant economic burden to society .", "low-intensity laser irradiation has been shown to induce wound healing in conditions of reduced microcirculation .", "we investigated the influence of low-intensity laser irradiation by means of infrared thermography on skin blood circulation in diabetic patients with diabetic microangiopathy .", "thirty consecutive patients with diabetic ulcers or gangrenes and elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin were randomized by blocks of two to receive either a single low-intensity laser irradiation with an energy density of @ j/cm@ or a sham irradiation over both forefoot regions in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study .", "skin blood circulation as indicated by temperature recordings over the forefoot region was detected by infrared thermography .", "after a single transcutaneous low-intensity laser irradiation , a statistically significant rise in skin temperature was noted ( p < @ by anova for repeated measurements ) , whereas in the sham-irradiated control group , a slight but significant drop in temperature ( p < @ ) was found .", "subsequently performed contrasts for comparison of measurements before and after irradiation revealed significant temperature increases at @ min of irradiation time ( p < @ ) , at the end of the irradiation ( p < @ ) , and @ min after stopping the irradiation ( p < @ ) .", "in the sham-irradiated feet , the drop in local skin temperature was not significant at @ min ( p = @ ) , but reached significance at the end of the sham-irradiation procedure ( p < @ ) and @ min after the end of sham irradiation ( p < @ ) .", "the data from this first randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial demonstrate an increase in skin microcirculation due to athermic laser irradiation in patients with diabetic microangiopathy ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['diabetic foot problems due to angiopathy and neuropathy account for @ % of all nontraumatic amputations and constitute a significant economic burden to society .', 'low-intensity laser irradiation has been shown to induce wound healing in conditions of reduced microcirculation .', 'we investigated the influence of low-intensity laser irradiation by means of infrared thermography on skin blood circulation in diabetic patients with diabetic microangiopathy .', 'thirty consecutive patients with diabetic ulcers or gangrenes and elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin were randomized by blocks of two to receive either a single low-intensity laser irradiation with an energy density of @ j/cm@ or a sham irradiation over both forefoot regions in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study .', 'skin blood circulation as indicated by temperature recordings over the forefoot region was detected by infrared thermography .', 'after a single transcutaneous low-intensity laser irradiation , a statistically significant rise in skin temperature was noted ( p < @ by anova for repeated measurements ) , whereas in the sham-irradiated control group , a slight but significant drop in temperature ( p < @ ) was found .', 'subsequently performed contrasts for comparison of measurements before and after irradiation revealed significant temperature increases at @ min of irradiation time ( p < @ ) , at the end of the irradiation ( p < @ ) , and @ min after stopping the irradiation ( p < @ ) .', 'in the sham-irradiated feet , the drop in local skin temperature was not significant at @ min ( p = @ ) , but reached significance at the end of the sham-irradiation procedure ( p < @ ) and @ min after the end of sham irradiation ( p < @ ) .', 'the data from this first randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial demonstrate an increase in skin microcirculation due to athermic laser irradiation in patients with diabetic microangiopathy .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the effects of the probiotic lactic acid bacterium , lactobacillus rhamnosus hn@ , on natural cellular immunity when delivered orally in normal low-fat milk ( lfm ) or lactose-hydrolyzed low-fat milk ( lfm-lh ) .", "a three stage , pre-post intervention trial , spanning nine weeks .", "taipei medical college hospital , taipei , taiwan .", "fifty-two healthy middle-aged and elderly volunteers ( @ males , @ females ; median age @ , range @-@ ) .", "stage @ ( run-in diet ) : @ g/@ ml reconstituted lfm powder , twice daily for @ weeks .", "stage @ ( probiotic intervention ) : lfm or lfm-lh , supplemented with @ ( @ ) cfus/g l. rhamnosus hn@ in each case , for @ weeks .", "stage @ ( wash-out ) : lfm for @ weeks .", "in vitro phagocytic capacity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear ( pmn ) leukocytes ; in vitro tumoricidal activity of natural killer ( nk ) leukocytes .", "immunological responses were unaffected by the run-in diet of lfm alone .", "in contrast , the relative proportion of pmn cells showing phagocytic activity increased by @ % and @ % , respectively , following consumption of hn@ in either lfm or lfm-lh ; the relative level of nk cell tumor killing activity increased by @ % and @ % .", "in most cases these levels declined following cessation , but remained above baseline .", "dietary consumption of l. rhamnosus hn@ , in a base of low-fat milk or lactose-hydrolyzed low-fat milk , appears to enhance systemic cellular immune responses and may be useful as a dietary supplement to boost natural immunity ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to determine the effects of the probiotic lactic acid bacterium , lactobacillus rhamnosus hn@ , on natural cellular immunity when delivered orally in normal low-fat milk ( lfm ) or lactose-hydrolyzed low-fat milk ( lfm-lh ) .', 'a three stage , pre-post intervention trial , spanning nine weeks .', 'taipei medical college hospital , taipei , taiwan .', 'fifty-two healthy middle-aged and elderly volunteers ( @ males , @ females ; median age @ , range @-@ ) .', 'stage @ ( run-in diet ) : @ g/@ ml reconstituted lfm powder , twice daily for @ weeks .', 'stage @ ( probiotic intervention ) : lfm or lfm-lh , supplemented with @ ( @ ) cfus/g l. rhamnosus hn@ in each case , for @ weeks .', 'stage @ ( wash-out ) : lfm for @ weeks .', 'in vitro phagocytic capacity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear ( pmn ) leukocytes ; in vitro tumoricidal activity of natural killer ( nk ) leukocytes .', 'immunological responses were unaffected by the run-in diet of lfm alone .', 'in contrast , the relative proportion of pmn cells showing phagocytic activity increased by @ % and @ % , respectively , following consumption of hn@ in either lfm or lfm-lh ; the relative level of nk cell tumor killing activity increased by @ % and @ % .', 'in most cases these levels declined following cessation , but remained above baseline .', 'dietary consumption of l. rhamnosus hn@ , in a base of low-fat milk or lactose-hydrolyzed low-fat milk , appears to enhance systemic cellular immune responses and may be useful as a dietary supplement to boost natural immunity .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy and safety of azyter , azithromycin @ % eye drops , for @ days with tobramycin @ % for @ days to treat purulent bacterial conjunctivitis .", "this was a multicentre , randomised , investigator-masked study including @ children and adults with purulent bacterial conjunctivitis .", "patients received either azithromycin @ % twice-daily for @ days or tobramycin @ % , @ drop every two hours for @ days , then four times daily for @ days .", "clinical signs were evaluated and cultures obtained at d@ , d@ and d@ ( where d refers to `` day '' ) .", "primary variable was the clinical cure at the test-of-cure ( toc ) - visit ( d@ + / -@ ) , for patients with d@-positive cultures .", "the cure was defined as : bulbar conjunctival injection and discharge scores of @ .", "among @ patients with d@-positivity in the per protocol set , @ % of the azithromycin @ % group and @ % of the tobramycin group were clinically cured at the toc-visit .", "azithromycin was non-inferior to tobramycin for clinical and bacteriological cure .", "clinical cure was significantly higher with azithromycin @ % at d@ .", "the safety profile of azithromycin was satisfactory with a good patient and investigator 's acceptability .", "azithromycin @ % for @ days was as effective and as safe as tobramycin for @ days .", "furthermore , more azithromycin than tobramycin patients presented an early clinical cure at day @ .", "due to its twice daily dosing regimen for @ days , azithromycin represents a step forward in the management of purulent bacterial conjunctivitis , especially in children ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the efficacy and safety of azyter , azithromycin @ % eye drops , for @ days with tobramycin @ % for @ days to treat purulent bacterial conjunctivitis .', 'this was a multicentre , randomised , investigator-masked study including @ children and adults with purulent bacterial conjunctivitis .', 'patients received either azithromycin @ % twice-daily for @ days or tobramycin @ % , @ drop every two hours for @ days , then four times daily for @ days .', \"clinical signs were evaluated and cultures obtained at d@ , d@ and d@ ( where d refers to `` day '' ) .\", 'primary variable was the clinical cure at the test-of-cure ( toc ) - visit ( d@ + / -@ ) , for patients with d@-positive cultures .', 'the cure was defined as : bulbar conjunctival injection and discharge scores of @ .', 'among @ patients with d@-positivity in the per protocol set , @ % of the azithromycin @ % group and @ % of the tobramycin group were clinically cured at the toc-visit .', 'azithromycin was non-inferior to tobramycin for clinical and bacteriological cure .', 'clinical cure was significantly higher with azithromycin @ % at d@ .', \"the safety profile of azithromycin was satisfactory with a good patient and investigator 's acceptability .\", 'azithromycin @ % for @ days was as effective and as safe as tobramycin for @ days .', 'furthermore , more azithromycin than tobramycin patients presented an early clinical cure at day @ .', 'due to its twice daily dosing regimen for @ days , azithromycin represents a step forward in the management of purulent bacterial conjunctivitis , especially in children .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach is widespread among human populations and is considered to play a major role in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as peptic ulcer , adenocarcinoma , and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue ( malt ) lymphoma of the stomach .", "to increase h. pylori eradication rate without increasing bacterial resistance , various regimens have been recommended .", "commonly the association of at least two antibiotics with a proton-pump inhibitor is used .", "the treatment regimens for second-line therapy , suggested in studies from the western world may not be ideal in iran .", "in this study , we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new quadruple therapy regimen and compared it with the standard second-line treatment for h. pylori eradication .", "we selected @ h. pylori positive patients , with a clear indication of eradication therapy , who did not respond to a @ weeks treatment with metronidazole , amoxicillin , omeprazole , and bismuth .", "they were randomized into two groups .", "group a ( n = @ ) were treated with azithromycin , ofloxacin , bismuth , and omeprazole and group b ( n = @ ) with amoxicillin , clarithromycin , bismuth , and omeprazole for @ weeks .", "four weeks after the end of treatment , urea breath test was performed for all subjects to confirm eradication .", "in intention-to-treat analysis , the rate of h. pylori eradication in groups a and b was @ % ( @/@ ) and @ % ( @/@ ) respectively ( p = @ ) .", "in per-protocol analysis , the rate of h. pylori eradication in groups a and b was @ and @ % , respectively ( p = @ ) .", "the incidence of poor compliance was lower , although not significantly so , in group a than group b ( @ vs @ % ) .", "no major adverse events occurred in both groups .", "two weeks of treatment with ofloxacin , azithromycin , omeprazole , and bismuth is an effective and safe regimen for h. pylori eradication as second-line therapy ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach is widespread among human populations and is considered to play a major role in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as peptic ulcer , adenocarcinoma , and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue ( malt ) lymphoma of the stomach .', 'to increase h. pylori eradication rate without increasing bacterial resistance , various regimens have been recommended .', 'commonly the association of at least two antibiotics with a proton-pump inhibitor is used .', 'the treatment regimens for second-line therapy , suggested in studies from the western world may not be ideal in iran .', 'in this study , we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new quadruple therapy regimen and compared it with the standard second-line treatment for h. pylori eradication .', 'we selected @ h. pylori positive patients , with a clear indication of eradication therapy , who did not respond to a @ weeks treatment with metronidazole , amoxicillin , omeprazole , and bismuth .', 'they were randomized into two groups .', 'group a ( n = @ ) were treated with azithromycin , ofloxacin , bismuth , and omeprazole and group b ( n = @ ) with amoxicillin , clarithromycin , bismuth , and omeprazole for @ weeks .', 'four weeks after the end of treatment , urea breath test was performed for all subjects to confirm eradication .', 'in intention-to-treat analysis , the rate of h. pylori eradication in groups a and b was @ % ( @/@ ) and @ % ( @/@ ) respectively ( p = @ ) .', 'in per-protocol analysis , the rate of h. pylori eradication in groups a and b was @ and @ % , respectively ( p = @ ) .', 'the incidence of poor compliance was lower , although not significantly so , in group a than group b ( @ vs @ % ) .', 'no major adverse events occurred in both groups .', 'two weeks of treatment with ofloxacin , azithromycin , omeprazole , and bismuth is an effective and safe regimen for h. pylori eradication as second-line therapy .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "intravenous n-acetylcysteine ( nac ) has been reported to improve systemic oxygenation and reduce the need for ventilatory support in patients with an acute lung injury .", "in the more serious form , namely established adult respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) ( pao@/fio@ < or = @ mm hg ) , we tested the hypothesis that treatment with intravenous nac may be beneficial .", "respiratory dysfunction was graded daily according to the need for mechanical ventilation and fio@ and to the evolution of the lung injury score ( lis ) and the pao@/fio@ ratio in @ patients with established ards receiving either nac @ mg/kg/day or placebo as a continuous intravenous infusion over the first @ days of their clinical course .", "nac and placebo groups ( @ and @ patients , respectively ) were comparable for demographic characteristics , ards categories , severity of illness ( simplified acute physiology score [ saps ii ] ) lis and pao@/fio@ ratio .", "mortality rate was @ % for the nac and @ % for the placebo group ( difference not significant ) .", "at admission ( day @ ) , @ % of patients in the nac and @ % in the placebo group required ventilatory support ; at days @ , @ , @ , and @ after admission , the percentage of patients receiving ventilatory support was not significantly reduced for both groups in comparison with day @ .", "moreover , there were no differences between the two groups at the same observation days .", "in both groups , the fio@ was significantly lower and the pao@/fio@ ratio was significantly higher than the initial values during the evolution ( fio@ at day @ , p < @ for nac and p < @ for placebo ; pao@/fio@ at day @ : p < @ for nac and p < @ for placebo ) , but this improvement was similar for both groups and , moreover , the between-group comparison was never significantly different at the various collection days .", "the lis decreased significantly in nac group between days @ and @ ( @ + / - @ v @ + / - @ ; p < @ ) , whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group ; at day @ , there was a significant difference between the two groups ( @ + / - @ for the nac v @ + / - @ for the placebo group ; p < @ ) .", "in the prevalent sepsis category ( @ patients in the nac and @ in the placebo group ) , the mortality rate , the need of ventilatory support , the intensive care unit stay , and the pao@/fio@ evolution did not differ significantly in both subgroups .", "in this relatively small group of patients presenting with an established ards subsequent to a variety of underlying diseases , intravenous nac treatment during @ hours neither improved systemic oxygenation nor reduced the need for ventilatory support ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['intravenous n-acetylcysteine ( nac ) has been reported to improve systemic oxygenation and reduce the need for ventilatory support in patients with an acute lung injury .', 'in the more serious form , namely established adult respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) ( pao@/fio@ < or = @ mm hg ) , we tested the hypothesis that treatment with intravenous nac may be beneficial .', 'respiratory dysfunction was graded daily according to the need for mechanical ventilation and fio@ and to the evolution of the lung injury score ( lis ) and the pao@/fio@ ratio in @ patients with established ards receiving either nac @ mg/kg/day or placebo as a continuous intravenous infusion over the first @ days of their clinical course .', 'nac and placebo groups ( @ and @ patients , respectively ) were comparable for demographic characteristics , ards categories , severity of illness ( simplified acute physiology score [ saps ii ] ) lis and pao@/fio@ ratio .', 'mortality rate was @ % for the nac and @ % for the placebo group ( difference not significant ) .', 'at admission ( day @ ) , @ % of patients in the nac and @ % in the placebo group required ventilatory support ; at days @ , @ , @ , and @ after admission , the percentage of patients receiving ventilatory support was not significantly reduced for both groups in comparison with day @ .', 'moreover , there were no differences between the two groups at the same observation days .', 'in both groups , the fio@ was significantly lower and the pao@/fio@ ratio was significantly higher than the initial values during the evolution ( fio@ at day @ , p < @ for nac and p < @ for placebo ; pao@/fio@ at day @ : p < @ for nac and p < @ for placebo ) , but this improvement was similar for both groups and , moreover , the between-group comparison was never significantly different at the various collection days .', 'the lis decreased significantly in nac group between days @ and @ ( @ + / - @ v @ + / - @ ; p < @ ) , whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group ; at day @ , there was a significant difference between the two groups ( @ + / - @ for the nac v @ + / - @ for the placebo group ; p < @ ) .', 'in the prevalent sepsis category ( @ patients in the nac and @ in the placebo group ) , the mortality rate , the need of ventilatory support , the intensive care unit stay , and the pao@/fio@ evolution did not differ significantly in both subgroups .', 'in this relatively small group of patients presenting with an established ards subsequent to a variety of underlying diseases , intravenous nac treatment during @ hours neither improved systemic oxygenation nor reduced the need for ventilatory support .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the removal of vital and necrotic pulp tissue , microorganisms , and their toxins is essential for endodontic success .", "however , the complex anatomy of the root canal system has limited our ability to debride it completely .", "hence the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of currently used irrigation and activation systems on the penetration of sodium hypochlorite into simulated lateral canals and to working length in a closed system .", "one hundred single-rooted teeth were used in this study .", "a total of @ simulated lateral canals were created , @ in each tooth , with @ lateral canals at @ , @ , and @ mm of working length .", "to resemble the clinical situation , a closed system was created by coating each root with soft modeling wax .", "roots were then randomly assigned to @ experimental groups : group @ ( n = @ ) , endoactivator ( sonic activation ) ; group @ ( n = @ ) , passive ultrasonic ( pui ) activation ; group @ ( n = @ ) , f file ; group @ ( n = @ ) , apical negative pressure ( anp ) irrigation ; and control group @ ( n = @ ) , positive pressure irrigation .", "the samples were evaluated by direct observation of the images recorded under the dental operating microscope .", "the results demonstrated that the anp irrigation group was superior at reaching working length , and pui was the most effective at lateral canal penetration .", "the anp irrigation system demonstrated limited activation of the irrigant into lateral canals but reached the working length significantly more than the other groups tested .", "in contrast , pui group demonstrated significantly more penetration of irrigant into lateral canals but not up to the working length ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the removal of vital and necrotic pulp tissue , microorganisms , and their toxins is essential for endodontic success .', 'however , the complex anatomy of the root canal system has limited our ability to debride it completely .', 'hence the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of currently used irrigation and activation systems on the penetration of sodium hypochlorite into simulated lateral canals and to working length in a closed system .', 'one hundred single-rooted teeth were used in this study .', 'a total of @ simulated lateral canals were created , @ in each tooth , with @ lateral canals at @ , @ , and @ mm of working length .', 'to resemble the clinical situation , a closed system was created by coating each root with soft modeling wax .', 'roots were then randomly assigned to @ experimental groups : group @ ( n = @ ) , endoactivator ( sonic activation ) ; group @ ( n = @ ) , passive ultrasonic ( pui ) activation ; group @ ( n = @ ) , f file ; group @ ( n = @ ) , apical negative pressure ( anp ) irrigation ; and control group @ ( n = @ ) , positive pressure irrigation .', 'the samples were evaluated by direct observation of the images recorded under the dental operating microscope .', 'the results demonstrated that the anp irrigation group was superior at reaching working length , and pui was the most effective at lateral canal penetration .', 'the anp irrigation system demonstrated limited activation of the irrigant into lateral canals but reached the working length significantly more than the other groups tested .', 'in contrast , pui group demonstrated significantly more penetration of irrigant into lateral canals but not up to the working length .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the restoration of posterior femoral translation has been shown to be an important factor in enhancing knee flexion after total knee arthroplasty .", "the purpose of this study was to compare the ranges of motion associated with standard and high-flexion posterior stabilized total knee prostheses in patients managed with simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty .", "fifty patients ( mean age , sixty-eight years ) received a standard fixed-bearing knee prosthesis in one knee and a high-flexion fixed-bearing knee prosthesis in the contralateral knee .", "two patients were men , and forty-eight were women .", "at a mean of @ years postoperatively , the patients were assessed clinically and radiographically with use of the knee-rating systems of the knee society and the hospital for special surgery .", "the mean postoperative hospital for special surgery knee score was @ points for the knees treated with the standard fixed-bearing prosthesis and @ points for those treated with the high-flexion prosthesis .", "at the time of the final follow-up , the knees with the standard prosthesis had a mean range of motion of @ degrees ( range , @ degrees to @ degrees ) and those with a high-flexion prosthesis had a mean range of motion of @ degrees ( range , @ degrees to @ degrees ) ( p = @ ) .", "no knee had aseptic loosening , revision , or osteolysis .", "after a minimum duration of follow-up of two years , we found no significant differences between the groups with regard to range of motion or clinical and radiographic parameters , except for posterior femoral condylar offset ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the restoration of posterior femoral translation has been shown to be an important factor in enhancing knee flexion after total knee arthroplasty .', 'the purpose of this study was to compare the ranges of motion associated with standard and high-flexion posterior stabilized total knee prostheses in patients managed with simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty .', 'fifty patients ( mean age , sixty-eight years ) received a standard fixed-bearing knee prosthesis in one knee and a high-flexion fixed-bearing knee prosthesis in the contralateral knee .', 'two patients were men , and forty-eight were women .', 'at a mean of @ years postoperatively , the patients were assessed clinically and radiographically with use of the knee-rating systems of the knee society and the hospital for special surgery .', 'the mean postoperative hospital for special surgery knee score was @ points for the knees treated with the standard fixed-bearing prosthesis and @ points for those treated with the high-flexion prosthesis .', 'at the time of the final follow-up , the knees with the standard prosthesis had a mean range of motion of @ degrees ( range , @ degrees to @ degrees ) and those with a high-flexion prosthesis had a mean range of motion of @ degrees ( range , @ degrees to @ degrees ) ( p = @ ) .', 'no knee had aseptic loosening , revision , or osteolysis .', 'after a minimum duration of follow-up of two years , we found no significant differences between the groups with regard to range of motion or clinical and radiographic parameters , except for posterior femoral condylar offset .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "cyclosporine has been reported to induce endothelial dysfunction , arterial vasculitis , and accelerated atherosclerosis in experimental models .", "the purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether low-dose cyclosporine treatment started @ year after heart transplantation reduces graft coronary artery narrowing compared with conventional cyclosporine doses .", "one year after heart transplantation , @ patients were randomly assigned to receive low-dose cyclosporine a ( whole-blood polyclonal cyclosporine target trough levels @ to @ micrograms/l ; group a ; n = @ ) or usual cyclosporine dosage ( target levels @ to @ micrograms/l ; group b ; n = @ ) .", "proximal and distal diameters of the left anterior descending , circumflex , and right coronary arteries were measured by quantitative coronary angiography at baseline ( @ year after transplantation ) and at @ and @ years after transplantation .", "one major cardiac event occurred in group a ( retransplantation ) and two in group b ( sudden deaths ) .", "moderate to severe allograft rejection ( international society for heart and lung transplantation score @a or higher ) occurred in seven patients in group a and five in group b during the study period .", "mean biopsy sample rejection score during the same period was increased in group a compared with that in group b ( @ + / - @ versus @ + / - @ ; p < @ ) .", "new angiographic evidence of vascular disease was observed in four patients of group a and in one patient of group b. proximal coronary artery diameter was slightly , although not significantly , reduced in both groups at follow-up angiography .", "distal segments showed a significant diameter reduction , which was greater in group a than in group b ( -@ % + / - @ % and -@ % + / - @ % , respectively ; p < @ ) .", "cyclosporine dose reduction started @ year after heart transplantation is ineffective in reducing coronary luminal narrowing and may be associated with an increased prevalence of cardiac allograft vasculopathy , especially in the distal coronary tree .", "low-dose cyclosporine treatment may slightly enhance the risk of allograft rejection .", "further investigations are needed to evaluate the effects of cyclosporine dose reduction started at an earlier time after heart transplantation ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['cyclosporine has been reported to induce endothelial dysfunction , arterial vasculitis , and accelerated atherosclerosis in experimental models .', 'the purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether low-dose cyclosporine treatment started @ year after heart transplantation reduces graft coronary artery narrowing compared with conventional cyclosporine doses .', 'one year after heart transplantation , @ patients were randomly assigned to receive low-dose cyclosporine a ( whole-blood polyclonal cyclosporine target trough levels @ to @ micrograms/l ; group a ; n = @ ) or usual cyclosporine dosage ( target levels @ to @ micrograms/l ; group b ; n = @ ) .', 'proximal and distal diameters of the left anterior descending , circumflex , and right coronary arteries were measured by quantitative coronary angiography at baseline ( @ year after transplantation ) and at @ and @ years after transplantation .', 'one major cardiac event occurred in group a ( retransplantation ) and two in group b ( sudden deaths ) .', 'moderate to severe allograft rejection ( international society for heart and lung transplantation score @a or higher ) occurred in seven patients in group a and five in group b during the study period .', 'mean biopsy sample rejection score during the same period was increased in group a compared with that in group b ( @ + / - @ versus @ + / - @ ; p < @ ) .', 'new angiographic evidence of vascular disease was observed in four patients of group a and in one patient of group b. proximal coronary artery diameter was slightly , although not significantly , reduced in both groups at follow-up angiography .', 'distal segments showed a significant diameter reduction , which was greater in group a than in group b ( -@ % + / - @ % and -@ % + / - @ % , respectively ; p < @ ) .', 'cyclosporine dose reduction started @ year after heart transplantation is ineffective in reducing coronary luminal narrowing and may be associated with an increased prevalence of cardiac allograft vasculopathy , especially in the distal coronary tree .', 'low-dose cyclosporine treatment may slightly enhance the risk of allograft rejection .', 'further investigations are needed to evaluate the effects of cyclosporine dose reduction started at an earlier time after heart transplantation .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine cardiovascular effects and neonatal outcome of ropivacaine @ % and bupivacaine @ % for elective epidural caesarean section .", "healthy pregnant women , scheduled for elective caesarean section , were enrolled in this randomised , double-blind study .", "epidural block was obtained with @-@ ml of ropivacaine @ % ( group r ) or bupivacaine @ % ( group b ) and surgery did not commence until anaesthesia was achieved bilaterally to t@ .", "maternal heart rate and blood pressure were assessed before the main dose of local anaesthetic and at @-min intervals until @ min .", "neonatal umbilical ph and apgar scores were determined after delivery .", "ten , twenty and thirty minutes after the main dose , sensory and motor block characteristics were determined .", "quality of analgesia was assessed by the anaesthetist , surgeon and the patient .", "adverse events were recorded .", "sixty-two patients were enrolled and the data of @ of them were eligible for analysis : @ in group r and @ in group b.", "the area under the curve ( auc ) for maternal heart rate decreased significantly less in group b than in group r ( p = @ ) .", "twenty-five and thirty minutes after administration of the main local anaesthetic dose , heart rate decreased significantly less in group b than in group r ( p = @ and p = @ ) .", "there was no difference in auc for maternal blood pressure ( p = @ ) .", "repeated measurement analysis showed no difference between groups in motor block ( p = @ ) and in spread of the sensory block ( lower level : p = @ , upper level : p = @ ) .", "there was no statistical difference in neonatal umbilical ph ( p = @ ) and apgar score ( p = @ ) .", "multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant influence of maternal body mass index on neonatal ph ( p = @ ) , but not of maternal blood pressure ( p = @ ) , nor of maternal heart rate ( p = @ ) .", "the quality of analgesia and incidence of adverse events were similar in both groups .", "both drugs produced equally satisfactory epidural block .", "although ropivacaine @ % resulted in a greater decrease of maternal heart rate , this effect did not influence neonatal well-being .", "both ropivacaine @ % and bupivacaine @ % can therefore be recommended for epidural anaesthesia in elective caesarean section ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to determine cardiovascular effects and neonatal outcome of ropivacaine @ % and bupivacaine @ % for elective epidural caesarean section .', 'healthy pregnant women , scheduled for elective caesarean section , were enrolled in this randomised , double-blind study .', 'epidural block was obtained with @-@ ml of ropivacaine @ % ( group r ) or bupivacaine @ % ( group b ) and surgery did not commence until anaesthesia was achieved bilaterally to t@ .', 'maternal heart rate and blood pressure were assessed before the main dose of local anaesthetic and at @-min intervals until @ min .', 'neonatal umbilical ph and apgar scores were determined after delivery .', 'ten , twenty and thirty minutes after the main dose , sensory and motor block characteristics were determined .', 'quality of analgesia was assessed by the anaesthetist , surgeon and the patient .', 'adverse events were recorded .', 'sixty-two patients were enrolled and the data of @ of them were eligible for analysis : @ in group r and @ in group b.', 'the area under the curve ( auc ) for maternal heart rate decreased significantly less in group b than in group r ( p = @ ) .', 'twenty-five and thirty minutes after administration of the main local anaesthetic dose , heart rate decreased significantly less in group b than in group r ( p = @ and p = @ ) .', 'there was no difference in auc for maternal blood pressure ( p = @ ) .', 'repeated measurement analysis showed no difference between groups in motor block ( p = @ ) and in spread of the sensory block ( lower level : p = @ , upper level : p = @ ) .', 'there was no statistical difference in neonatal umbilical ph ( p = @ ) and apgar score ( p = @ ) .', 'multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant influence of maternal body mass index on neonatal ph ( p = @ ) , but not of maternal blood pressure ( p = @ ) , nor of maternal heart rate ( p = @ ) .', 'the quality of analgesia and incidence of adverse events were similar in both groups .', 'both drugs produced equally satisfactory epidural block .', 'although ropivacaine @ % resulted in a greater decrease of maternal heart rate , this effect did not influence neonatal well-being .', 'both ropivacaine @ % and bupivacaine @ % can therefore be recommended for epidural anaesthesia in elective caesarean section .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "masks are an essential interface between valved holding chambers ( vhcs ) , or spacers , and a small child 's face for providing aerosol therapy .", "clinical experience suggests that many young children do not cooperate with the vhc treatment or tolerate a mask of any kind .", "this might impair the mask-face seal and reduce the dose delivered to the child .", "the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of parents to provide a good mask-face seal in infants and toddlers using @ masks provided with commonly used pediatric vhcs and compare this with the seal obtained with the hans rudolph pediatric anesthesia mask .", "a preliminary in vitro filter study was conducted to validate the assumption that reduced ventilation as a result of increased facemask leak reduces the drug aerosol dose delivered to the mouth .", "facemask leak then was studied in vivo for nebuchamber , aerochamber , babyhaler , and hans rudolph masks by measuring ventilation with an in-line pneumotachograph while the facemask was held in place by experienced parents who were asked to demonstrate how they deliver medication to their children without any additional instruction .", "thirty children ( mean age : @ + / - @ years ) performed @ repeat studies with each mask .", "the first @ patients performed the tests once again within @ month .", "on the second occasion , the parents were coached continuously and encouraged to hold the mask tightly against the child 's face .", "the aerochamber and hans rudolph masks provided the best seal as reflected in the magnitude of the ventilation measured through them .", "the nebuchamber provided the poorest seal , with @ % less ventilation than the aerochamber and hans rudolph masks .", "there was considerable intraindividual variability for all masks ( @ % to @ % ) ; however , the variability with the nebuchamber mask was @-fold greater than the other masks .", "all ventilatory volumes during the coached session were significantly greater than during the uncoached session .", "variability during the coached session was significantly less ( except for the babyhaler , which remained unchanged ) .", "vhcs with masks designed for use with small children may provide a poor seal with the face , leading to reduced or more variable dose delivery .", "the facemask seal is critical for efficient aerosol delivery to infants and young children , and this should be stressed to parents ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"masks are an essential interface between valved holding chambers ( vhcs ) , or spacers , and a small child 's face for providing aerosol therapy .\", 'clinical experience suggests that many young children do not cooperate with the vhc treatment or tolerate a mask of any kind .', 'this might impair the mask-face seal and reduce the dose delivered to the child .', 'the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of parents to provide a good mask-face seal in infants and toddlers using @ masks provided with commonly used pediatric vhcs and compare this with the seal obtained with the hans rudolph pediatric anesthesia mask .', 'a preliminary in vitro filter study was conducted to validate the assumption that reduced ventilation as a result of increased facemask leak reduces the drug aerosol dose delivered to the mouth .', 'facemask leak then was studied in vivo for nebuchamber , aerochamber , babyhaler , and hans rudolph masks by measuring ventilation with an in-line pneumotachograph while the facemask was held in place by experienced parents who were asked to demonstrate how they deliver medication to their children without any additional instruction .', 'thirty children ( mean age : @ + / - @ years ) performed @ repeat studies with each mask .', 'the first @ patients performed the tests once again within @ month .', \"on the second occasion , the parents were coached continuously and encouraged to hold the mask tightly against the child 's face .\", 'the aerochamber and hans rudolph masks provided the best seal as reflected in the magnitude of the ventilation measured through them .', 'the nebuchamber provided the poorest seal , with @ % less ventilation than the aerochamber and hans rudolph masks .', 'there was considerable intraindividual variability for all masks ( @ % to @ % ) ; however , the variability with the nebuchamber mask was @-fold greater than the other masks .', 'all ventilatory volumes during the coached session were significantly greater than during the uncoached session .', 'variability during the coached session was significantly less ( except for the babyhaler , which remained unchanged ) .', 'vhcs with masks designed for use with small children may provide a poor seal with the face , leading to reduced or more variable dose delivery .', 'the facemask seal is critical for efficient aerosol delivery to infants and young children , and this should be stressed to parents .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the chemotherapy regimens of high-dose methotrexate , high-dose fluorouracil ( fu ) , adriamycin ( doxorubicin ; adria laboratories , columbus , oh ) , and leucovorin ( famtx ) and etoposide , adriamycin , and cisplatin ( eap ) have both been reported in nonrandom assignment trials to have high overall response rates and substantial complete response rates in patients with gastric cancer , as well as major toxicities of myelosuppression .", "here we report a prospective , stratified , random-assignment comparison of the two combinations in previously untreated patients with advanced gastric cancer .", "sixty patients were entered onto the trial , @ receiving eap and @ famtx .", "all patients had measurable or assessable tumor masses .", "patient entry was stopped at the point when significant toxicity differences were seen at interim analysis .", "response rates were similar between the two arms ( famtx , @ % [ @ % confidence interval ( ci ) , @ % to @ % ] ; eap , @ % [ @ % cl , @ % to @ % ] ) .", "three famtx and no eap patients had complete remissions .", "the median survival for the two arms were similar ( eap , @ months ; famtx , @ months ) .", "at @ year , @ % of eap and @ % of famtx patients were alive .", "eap caused significantly more myelosuppression ( leukopenia , p = @ ; anemia , p = @ ; thrombocytopenia , p = @ ) than did famtx .", "eap also resulted in significantly longer hospitalizations per study month ( @ v @ days ) .", "four eap patients died of lethal toxicity , whereas no famtx patients died of treatment-related causes ( p = @ ) .", "famtx is at least as active as eap and is significantly less toxic .", "although both regimens remain investigational , the toxicities of famtx are more manageable .", "further studies involving famtx in both the adjuvant and advanced disease setting are underway ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the chemotherapy regimens of high-dose methotrexate , high-dose fluorouracil ( fu ) , adriamycin ( doxorubicin ; adria laboratories , columbus , oh ) , and leucovorin ( famtx ) and etoposide , adriamycin , and cisplatin ( eap ) have both been reported in nonrandom assignment trials to have high overall response rates and substantial complete response rates in patients with gastric cancer , as well as major toxicities of myelosuppression .', 'here we report a prospective , stratified , random-assignment comparison of the two combinations in previously untreated patients with advanced gastric cancer .', 'sixty patients were entered onto the trial , @ receiving eap and @ famtx .', 'all patients had measurable or assessable tumor masses .', 'patient entry was stopped at the point when significant toxicity differences were seen at interim analysis .', 'response rates were similar between the two arms ( famtx , @ % [ @ % confidence interval ( ci ) , @ % to @ % ] ; eap , @ % [ @ % cl , @ % to @ % ] ) .', 'three famtx and no eap patients had complete remissions .', 'the median survival for the two arms were similar ( eap , @ months ; famtx , @ months ) .', 'at @ year , @ % of eap and @ % of famtx patients were alive .', 'eap caused significantly more myelosuppression ( leukopenia , p = @ ; anemia , p = @ ; thrombocytopenia , p = @ ) than did famtx .', 'eap also resulted in significantly longer hospitalizations per study month ( @ v @ days ) .', 'four eap patients died of lethal toxicity , whereas no famtx patients died of treatment-related causes ( p = @ ) .', 'famtx is at least as active as eap and is significantly less toxic .', 'although both regimens remain investigational , the toxicities of famtx are more manageable .', 'further studies involving famtx in both the adjuvant and advanced disease setting are underway .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in the predict study , a randomised controlled trial comparing dexamethasone with prednisolone in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy ( cidp ) , almost a quarter of patients deteriorated soon after starting treatment .", "the primary objective of this post-hoc analysis was to test the hypothesis that a focal demyelination pattern is associated with early deterioration after corticosteroid treatment and to explore whether various clinical characteristics are associated with deterioration after corticosteroid treatment .", "clinical outcome was categorised into early deterioration and non-early deterioration .", "a neurophysiologist blinded for treatment outcome scored electrophysiological data into following categories : pure focal versus non-focal distribution of demyelination and no/minor versus moderate/severe sensory involvement .", "additionally , we compared electrophysiological and clinical baseline parameters , with emphasis on previously reported possible associations .", "early deterioration was found in @ out of @ patients ( @ % ) .", "ten patients had pure focal distribution of demyelination , of whom @ had early deterioration ; @ patients had non-focal distribution , of whom @ had early deterioration ( p = @ ) .", "higher mean median nerve sensory nerve conduction velocity ( sncv ) was found in patients with early deterioration compared to patients with non-early deterioration ( @ and respectively @ m/s , p = @ ) .", "pure focal distribution of demyelination and lesser sensory electrophysiological abnormalities may be associated with early deterioration in cidp patients treated with corticosteroids ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['in the predict study , a randomised controlled trial comparing dexamethasone with prednisolone in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy ( cidp ) , almost a quarter of patients deteriorated soon after starting treatment .', 'the primary objective of this post-hoc analysis was to test the hypothesis that a focal demyelination pattern is associated with early deterioration after corticosteroid treatment and to explore whether various clinical characteristics are associated with deterioration after corticosteroid treatment .', 'clinical outcome was categorised into early deterioration and non-early deterioration .', 'a neurophysiologist blinded for treatment outcome scored electrophysiological data into following categories : pure focal versus non-focal distribution of demyelination and no/minor versus moderate/severe sensory involvement .', 'additionally , we compared electrophysiological and clinical baseline parameters , with emphasis on previously reported possible associations .', 'early deterioration was found in @ out of @ patients ( @ % ) .', 'ten patients had pure focal distribution of demyelination , of whom @ had early deterioration ; @ patients had non-focal distribution , of whom @ had early deterioration ( p = @ ) .', 'higher mean median nerve sensory nerve conduction velocity ( sncv ) was found in patients with early deterioration compared to patients with non-early deterioration ( @ and respectively @ m/s , p = @ ) .', 'pure focal distribution of demyelination and lesser sensory electrophysiological abnormalities may be associated with early deterioration in cidp patients treated with corticosteroids .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "extensive biochemical and biophysical changes of the pulmonary surfactant system occur in the acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) .", "the effect of intrabronchial administration of a recombinant surfactant protein c-based surfactant preparation ( venticute ) on gas exchange , surfactant composition and function was investigated in @ patients with ards in a randomised controlled phase i/ii clinical pilot trial .", "bronchoalveolar lavage fluids for surfactant analysis were obtained @ h before and @ and @ h after the first surfactant application .", "potentially deleterious effects of surfactant neutral lipids in patients with ards were also identified .", "before treatment all patients had marked abnormalities in the surfactant phospholipid and protein composition .", "in response to surfactant treatment , gas exchange improved and surfactant phospholipid and protein content were almost normalised .", "alveolar surface activity was dramatically impaired before treatment and only partially improved after surfactant administration .", "further analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids revealed a twofold increase in neutral lipid content and altered neutral lipid profile in patients with ards compared with healthy controls .", "these differences persisted even after administration of large amounts of venticute .", "supplementation of venticute or natural surfactant with a synthetic neutral lipid preparation , mimicking the profile in ards , caused a dose-dependent deterioration of surface activity in vitro .", "intrabronchial surfactant treatment improves gas exchange in ards , but the efficacy may be limited by increased concentration and altered neutral lipid profile in surfactant under these conditions ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['extensive biochemical and biophysical changes of the pulmonary surfactant system occur in the acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) .', 'the effect of intrabronchial administration of a recombinant surfactant protein c-based surfactant preparation ( venticute ) on gas exchange , surfactant composition and function was investigated in @ patients with ards in a randomised controlled phase i/ii clinical pilot trial .', 'bronchoalveolar lavage fluids for surfactant analysis were obtained @ h before and @ and @ h after the first surfactant application .', 'potentially deleterious effects of surfactant neutral lipids in patients with ards were also identified .', 'before treatment all patients had marked abnormalities in the surfactant phospholipid and protein composition .', 'in response to surfactant treatment , gas exchange improved and surfactant phospholipid and protein content were almost normalised .', 'alveolar surface activity was dramatically impaired before treatment and only partially improved after surfactant administration .', 'further analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids revealed a twofold increase in neutral lipid content and altered neutral lipid profile in patients with ards compared with healthy controls .', 'these differences persisted even after administration of large amounts of venticute .', 'supplementation of venticute or natural surfactant with a synthetic neutral lipid preparation , mimicking the profile in ards , caused a dose-dependent deterioration of surface activity in vitro .', 'intrabronchial surfactant treatment improves gas exchange in ards , but the efficacy may be limited by increased concentration and altered neutral lipid profile in surfactant under these conditions .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "cytokines and adhesion molecules have a decisive role in the development of early inflammatory response as well as the late sequelae of sepsis .", "because l-selectin-deficient mice are protected from lethal endotoxemia , blockade of l-selectin may provide a useful therapeutic option in human sepsis .", "heparin has immunomodulatory properties and effectively inhibits l - and p-selectin binding in vitro .", "we therefore investigated whether clinically applied doses of unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin affect early inflammatory response in human endotoxemia .", "the study was randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled , in three parallel groups consisting of @ healthy male volunteers .", "university medical center .", "all subjects received a @-ng/kg intravenous bolus of lipopolysaccharide and @ mins later unfractionated heparin , low-molecular-weight heparin , or placebo as bolus primed continuous infusion for @ hrs .", "lipopolysaccharide infusion induced similar increases of tumor necrosis factor-alpha , interleukin-@ , interleukin-@ , c-reactive protein , and soluble e-selectin levels in all treatment groups .", "cd@b expression increased by approximately @ % , but l-selectin decreased by @ % in the placebo arm @ hrs after lipopolysaccharide infusion .", "interestingly , both heparins ( in particular unfractionated heparin ) decreased l-selectin down-regulation as compared with placebo .", "similarly , the decrease in lymphocyte counts was significantly less in the unfractionated heparin group during the first @ hrs ( p < @ vs. placebo )", "heparins displayed little effects on cytokine production and endothelial cell activation in endotoxemia .", "of note , however , unfractionated heparin reduced l-selectin down-regulation and lymphocytopenia .", "these could present novel mechanisms of action of unfractionated heparin ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['cytokines and adhesion molecules have a decisive role in the development of early inflammatory response as well as the late sequelae of sepsis .', 'because l-selectin-deficient mice are protected from lethal endotoxemia , blockade of l-selectin may provide a useful therapeutic option in human sepsis .', 'heparin has immunomodulatory properties and effectively inhibits l - and p-selectin binding in vitro .', 'we therefore investigated whether clinically applied doses of unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin affect early inflammatory response in human endotoxemia .', 'the study was randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled , in three parallel groups consisting of @ healthy male volunteers .', 'university medical center .', 'all subjects received a @-ng/kg intravenous bolus of lipopolysaccharide and @ mins later unfractionated heparin , low-molecular-weight heparin , or placebo as bolus primed continuous infusion for @ hrs .', 'lipopolysaccharide infusion induced similar increases of tumor necrosis factor-alpha , interleukin-@ , interleukin-@ , c-reactive protein , and soluble e-selectin levels in all treatment groups .', 'cd@b expression increased by approximately @ % , but l-selectin decreased by @ % in the placebo arm @ hrs after lipopolysaccharide infusion .', 'interestingly , both heparins ( in particular unfractionated heparin ) decreased l-selectin down-regulation as compared with placebo .', 'similarly , the decrease in lymphocyte counts was significantly less in the unfractionated heparin group during the first @ hrs ( p < @ vs. placebo )', 'heparins displayed little effects on cytokine production and endothelial cell activation in endotoxemia .', 'of note , however , unfractionated heparin reduced l-selectin down-regulation and lymphocytopenia .', 'these could present novel mechanisms of action of unfractionated heparin .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "there is growing interest in the role of abnormal asymmetrical posture , which is considered one of the most important etiological factors reported to be associated with mechanical low back pain .", "this study was conducted to investigate the effect of lumbar extension traction on the pain , function and whole spine sagittal balance as represented in lumbar curvature , thoracic curvature , c@ plumb line , and sacral slope .", "eighty patients with chronic mechanical low back pain ( cmlbp ) and definite hypolordosis were randomly assigned to traction or a control group .", "the control group ( n = @ ) received stretching exercises and infrared radiation , whereas the traction group ( n = @ ) received lumbar extension traction in addition to stretching exercises and infrared radiation three times a week for @ weeks .", "back pain rating scale , oswestry disability index , and radiological spine sagittal balance parameters in terms of lumbar lordosis , thoracic kyphosis , sacral slope , and positioning of c@ plumb line were measured for all patients at three intervals ( before treatment , after @ weeks of treatment , and at six months follow-up ) .", "there was a significant difference between the traction and control groups adjusted to baseline value of outcome at @ weeks post treatment with respect to lumbar lordotic curve ( p = @ ) , thoracic kyphosis ( p = @ ) , sacral slope ( p = @ ) , c@ plump line distance ( p = @ ) , while there was no significant difference with respect to pain ( p = @ ) and oswestry disability index ( odi ) ( p = @ ) .", "at @-months follow-up , there were significant differences between both groups for all the previous variables ( p < @ ) .", "lumbar extension traction in addition to stretching exercises and infrared radiation improved the spine sagittal balance parameters and decreased the pain and disability in cmlbp ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['there is growing interest in the role of abnormal asymmetrical posture , which is considered one of the most important etiological factors reported to be associated with mechanical low back pain .', 'this study was conducted to investigate the effect of lumbar extension traction on the pain , function and whole spine sagittal balance as represented in lumbar curvature , thoracic curvature , c@ plumb line , and sacral slope .', 'eighty patients with chronic mechanical low back pain ( cmlbp ) and definite hypolordosis were randomly assigned to traction or a control group .', 'the control group ( n = @ ) received stretching exercises and infrared radiation , whereas the traction group ( n = @ ) received lumbar extension traction in addition to stretching exercises and infrared radiation three times a week for @ weeks .', 'back pain rating scale , oswestry disability index , and radiological spine sagittal balance parameters in terms of lumbar lordosis , thoracic kyphosis , sacral slope , and positioning of c@ plumb line were measured for all patients at three intervals ( before treatment , after @ weeks of treatment , and at six months follow-up ) .', 'there was a significant difference between the traction and control groups adjusted to baseline value of outcome at @ weeks post treatment with respect to lumbar lordotic curve ( p = @ ) , thoracic kyphosis ( p = @ ) , sacral slope ( p = @ ) , c@ plump line distance ( p = @ ) , while there was no significant difference with respect to pain ( p = @ ) and oswestry disability index ( odi ) ( p = @ ) .', 'at @-months follow-up , there were significant differences between both groups for all the previous variables ( p < @ ) .', 'lumbar extension traction in addition to stretching exercises and infrared radiation improved the spine sagittal balance parameters and decreased the pain and disability in cmlbp .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of aerobic treadmill plus bobath walking training in subacute stroke survivors compared with bobath walking training alone .", "randomized controlled trial .", "rehabilitation unit .", "fifty patients , first-time supratentorial stroke , stroke interval less than six weeks , barthel index ( @-@ ) from @ to @ , able to walk a minimum distance of @ m with either intermittent help or stand-by while walking , cardiovascular stable , minimum @ w in the bicycle ergometry , randomly allocated to two groups , a and b.", "group a @ min of treadmill training , harness secured and minimally supported according to patients ' needs , and @ min of physiotherapy , every workday for six weeks , speed and inclination of the treadmill were adjusted to achieve a heart rate of hr : ( hrmax-hrrest ) * @ + hrrest ; in group b @ min of daily physiotherapy for six weeks .", "primary outcome variables were the absolute improvement of walking velocity ( m/s ) and capacity ( m ) , secondary were gross motor function including walking ability ( score out of @ ) and walking quality ( score out of @ ) , blindly assessed before and after the intervention , and at follow-up three months later .", "patients tolerated the aerobic training well with no side-effects , significantly greater improvement of walking velocity and capacity both at study end ( p = @ versus p = @ ) and at follow-up ( p < @ versus p < @ ) in the experimental group .", "between weeks @ and @ , the experimental group improved walking speed and capacity by a mean of @ m/s and @ m , the control group by a mean of @ m/s and @ m. between weeks @ and @ , the experimental group improved walking speed and capacity by a mean of @ m/s and @ m , the control group by a mean of @ m/s and @ m. gross motor function and walking quality did not differ at any time .", "aerobic treadmill plus bobath walking training in moderately affected stroke patients was better than bobath walking training alone with respect to the improvement of walking velocity and capacity .", "the treatment approach is recommended in patients meeting the inclusion criteria .", "a multicentre trial should follow to strengthen the evidence ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of aerobic treadmill plus bobath walking training in subacute stroke survivors compared with bobath walking training alone .', 'randomized controlled trial .', 'rehabilitation unit .', 'fifty patients , first-time supratentorial stroke , stroke interval less than six weeks , barthel index ( @-@ ) from @ to @ , able to walk a minimum distance of @ m with either intermittent help or stand-by while walking , cardiovascular stable , minimum @ w in the bicycle ergometry , randomly allocated to two groups , a and b.', \"group a @ min of treadmill training , harness secured and minimally supported according to patients ' needs , and @ min of physiotherapy , every workday for six weeks , speed and inclination of the treadmill were adjusted to achieve a heart rate of hr : ( hrmax-hrrest ) * @ + hrrest ; in group b @ min of daily physiotherapy for six weeks .\", 'primary outcome variables were the absolute improvement of walking velocity ( m/s ) and capacity ( m ) , secondary were gross motor function including walking ability ( score out of @ ) and walking quality ( score out of @ ) , blindly assessed before and after the intervention , and at follow-up three months later .', 'patients tolerated the aerobic training well with no side-effects , significantly greater improvement of walking velocity and capacity both at study end ( p = @ versus p = @ ) and at follow-up ( p < @ versus p < @ ) in the experimental group .', 'between weeks @ and @ , the experimental group improved walking speed and capacity by a mean of @ m/s and @ m , the control group by a mean of @ m/s and @ m. between weeks @ and @ , the experimental group improved walking speed and capacity by a mean of @ m/s and @ m , the control group by a mean of @ m/s and @ m. gross motor function and walking quality did not differ at any time .', 'aerobic treadmill plus bobath walking training in moderately affected stroke patients was better than bobath walking training alone with respect to the improvement of walking velocity and capacity .', 'the treatment approach is recommended in patients meeting the inclusion criteria .', 'a multicentre trial should follow to strengthen the evidence .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "emergency surgery for patients with severe acute cholangitis due to choledocholithiasis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality .", "because recent results suggested that emergency endoscopic drainage could improve the outcome of such patients , we undertook a prospective study to determine the role of this procedure as initial treatment .", "during a @-month period , @ patients with severe acute cholangitis due to choledocholithiasis were randomly assigned to undergo surgical decompression of the biliary tract ( @ patients ) or endoscopic biliary drainage ( @ patients ) , followed by definitive treatment .", "hospital mortality was analyzed with respect to the use of endoscopic biliary drainage and other clinical and laboratory findings .", "prognostic determinants were studied by linear discriminant analysis .", "complications related to biliary tract decompression and subsequent definitive treatment developed in @ patients treated with endoscopic biliary drainage and @ treated with surgery ( @ vs. @ percent , p greater than @ ) .", "the time required for normalization of temperature and stabilization of blood pressure was similar in the two groups , but more patients in the surgery group required ventilatory support .", "the hospital mortality rate was significantly lower for the patients who underwent endoscopy ( @ deaths ) than for those treated surgically ( @ deaths ) ( @ vs. @ percent , p less than @ ) .", "the presence of concomitant medical problems , a low platelet count , a high serum urea nitrogen concentration , and a low serum albumin concentration before biliary decompression were the other independent determinants of mortality in both groups .", "endoscopic biliary drainage is a safe and effective measure for the initial control of severe acute cholangitis due to choledocholithiasis and to reduce the mortality associated with the condition ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['emergency surgery for patients with severe acute cholangitis due to choledocholithiasis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality .', 'because recent results suggested that emergency endoscopic drainage could improve the outcome of such patients , we undertook a prospective study to determine the role of this procedure as initial treatment .', 'during a @-month period , @ patients with severe acute cholangitis due to choledocholithiasis were randomly assigned to undergo surgical decompression of the biliary tract ( @ patients ) or endoscopic biliary drainage ( @ patients ) , followed by definitive treatment .', 'hospital mortality was analyzed with respect to the use of endoscopic biliary drainage and other clinical and laboratory findings .', 'prognostic determinants were studied by linear discriminant analysis .', 'complications related to biliary tract decompression and subsequent definitive treatment developed in @ patients treated with endoscopic biliary drainage and @ treated with surgery ( @ vs. @ percent , p greater than @ ) .', 'the time required for normalization of temperature and stabilization of blood pressure was similar in the two groups , but more patients in the surgery group required ventilatory support .', 'the hospital mortality rate was significantly lower for the patients who underwent endoscopy ( @ deaths ) than for those treated surgically ( @ deaths ) ( @ vs. @ percent , p less than @ ) .', 'the presence of concomitant medical problems , a low platelet count , a high serum urea nitrogen concentration , and a low serum albumin concentration before biliary decompression were the other independent determinants of mortality in both groups .', 'endoscopic biliary drainage is a safe and effective measure for the initial control of severe acute cholangitis due to choledocholithiasis and to reduce the mortality associated with the condition .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "currently a lack of consensus exists on the optimum solution and preparation methods needed to decrease bacteria present during forefoot surgery .", "we therefore compared the effect of povidine-iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate on lowering bacterial load and to study any additional benefits gained by pre-treatment with the use of a bristled brush .", "fifty consecutive patients undergoing forefoot surgery were recruited into the study and randomized to receive one of two surgical skin preparations ( povidine-iodine @ % with isopropyl alcohol @ % or chlorhexidine gluconate @ % with isopropyl alcohol @ % ) .", "in addition to the skin preparation of the foot with the randomized solution , the subjects other foot was also scrubbed with a sterile surgical bristled brush for three minutes and then painted with the same solution .", "swabs were taken from three sites and analyzed via qualitative and quantitative analysis before and after prepping .", "all four preparation methods significantly decreased ( p < @ ) , in all three sites , the number of colony forming units .", "using two-way analysis of variance , no significant interaction was observed between preparation method and number of colony-forming units , suggesting that no difference in bacterial inhibition between preparation methods .", "we suggest that either povidone-iodine with no more that @ % isopropyl alcohol or chlorhexidine gluconate with @ % isopropyl alcohol be used for surgical preparation in forefoot surgery .", "no additional benefit in reduction in bacterial load was gained by scrubbing the foot with bristles prior to painting ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['currently a lack of consensus exists on the optimum solution and preparation methods needed to decrease bacteria present during forefoot surgery .', 'we therefore compared the effect of povidine-iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate on lowering bacterial load and to study any additional benefits gained by pre-treatment with the use of a bristled brush .', 'fifty consecutive patients undergoing forefoot surgery were recruited into the study and randomized to receive one of two surgical skin preparations ( povidine-iodine @ % with isopropyl alcohol @ % or chlorhexidine gluconate @ % with isopropyl alcohol @ % ) .', 'in addition to the skin preparation of the foot with the randomized solution , the subjects other foot was also scrubbed with a sterile surgical bristled brush for three minutes and then painted with the same solution .', 'swabs were taken from three sites and analyzed via qualitative and quantitative analysis before and after prepping .', 'all four preparation methods significantly decreased ( p < @ ) , in all three sites , the number of colony forming units .', 'using two-way analysis of variance , no significant interaction was observed between preparation method and number of colony-forming units , suggesting that no difference in bacterial inhibition between preparation methods .', 'we suggest that either povidone-iodine with no more that @ % isopropyl alcohol or chlorhexidine gluconate with @ % isopropyl alcohol be used for surgical preparation in forefoot surgery .', 'no additional benefit in reduction in bacterial load was gained by scrubbing the foot with bristles prior to painting .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the effectiveness of the double cervical cerclage method versus the single method in women with recurrent second-trimester delivery .", "in this randomized clinical trial , we included @ singleton pregnancies suffering from recurrent second-trimester pregnancy loss ( @ consecutive fetal loss during second-trimester or with a history of unsuccessful procedures utilizing the mcdonald method ) , due to cervical incompetence .", "patients were randomly assigned to undergo either the classic mcdonald method ( n = @ ) or the double cerclage method ( n = @ ) .", "the successful pregnancy rate and gestational age at delivery was also compared between the two groups .", "the two study groups were comparable regarding their baseline characteristics .", "the successful pregnancy rate did not differ significantly between those who underwent the double cerclage method or the classic mcdonald cerclage method ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) .", "in the same way , the preterm delivery rate ( < @ weeks of gestation ) was comparable between the two study groups ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) .", "those undergoing the double cerclage method had longer gestational duration ( @ @ vs @ @ weeks ; p = @ ) .", "the double cervical cerclage method seems to provide better cervical support , as compared with the classic mcdonald cerclage method , in those suffering from recurrent pregnancy loss , due to cervical incompetence ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the effectiveness of the double cervical cerclage method versus the single method in women with recurrent second-trimester delivery .', 'in this randomized clinical trial , we included @ singleton pregnancies suffering from recurrent second-trimester pregnancy loss ( @ consecutive fetal loss during second-trimester or with a history of unsuccessful procedures utilizing the mcdonald method ) , due to cervical incompetence .', 'patients were randomly assigned to undergo either the classic mcdonald method ( n = @ ) or the double cerclage method ( n = @ ) .', 'the successful pregnancy rate and gestational age at delivery was also compared between the two groups .', 'the two study groups were comparable regarding their baseline characteristics .', 'the successful pregnancy rate did not differ significantly between those who underwent the double cerclage method or the classic mcdonald cerclage method ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) .', 'in the same way , the preterm delivery rate ( < @ weeks of gestation ) was comparable between the two study groups ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) .', 'those undergoing the double cerclage method had longer gestational duration ( @ @ vs @ @ weeks ; p = @ ) .', 'the double cervical cerclage method seems to provide better cervical support , as compared with the classic mcdonald cerclage method , in those suffering from recurrent pregnancy loss , due to cervical incompetence .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "prostate cancer screening depends on a careful balance of benefits , in terms of reduced prostate cancer mortality , and harms , in terms of overdiagnosis and overtreatment .", "we aimed to estimate the effect on overdiagnosis of restricting prostate specific antigen ( psa ) testing by age and baseline psa .", "estimates of the effects of age on overdiagnosis were based on population based incidence data from the us surveillance , epidemiology and end results database .", "to investigate the relationship between psa and overdiagnosis , we used two separate cohorts subject to psa testing in clinical trials ( n = @,@ and n = @,@ ) and a population-based cohort of swedish men not subject to psa-screening followed for @ years ( n = @,@ ) .", "if psa testing had been restricted to younger men , the number of excess cases associated with the introduction of psa in the us would have been reduced by @ % , @ % and @ % for age cut-offs of @ , @ and @ , respectively .", "the risk that a man with screen-detected cancer at age @ would not subsequently lead to prostate cancer morbidity or mortality decreased exponentially as psa approached conventional biopsy thresholds .", "for psas below @ ng/ml , the risk of a positive biopsy is @ ( @ % ci @ , @ ) times greater than subsequent prostate cancer mortality .", "prostate cancer overdiagnosis has a strong relationship to age and psa level .", "restricting screening in men over @ to those with psa above median ( > @ ng/ml ) and screening men over @ only in selected circumstances would importantly reduce overdiagnosis and change the ratio of benefits to harms of psa-screening ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['prostate cancer screening depends on a careful balance of benefits , in terms of reduced prostate cancer mortality , and harms , in terms of overdiagnosis and overtreatment .', 'we aimed to estimate the effect on overdiagnosis of restricting prostate specific antigen ( psa ) testing by age and baseline psa .', 'estimates of the effects of age on overdiagnosis were based on population based incidence data from the us surveillance , epidemiology and end results database .', 'to investigate the relationship between psa and overdiagnosis , we used two separate cohorts subject to psa testing in clinical trials ( n = @,@ and n = @,@ ) and a population-based cohort of swedish men not subject to psa-screening followed for @ years ( n = @,@ ) .', 'if psa testing had been restricted to younger men , the number of excess cases associated with the introduction of psa in the us would have been reduced by @ % , @ % and @ % for age cut-offs of @ , @ and @ , respectively .', 'the risk that a man with screen-detected cancer at age @ would not subsequently lead to prostate cancer morbidity or mortality decreased exponentially as psa approached conventional biopsy thresholds .', 'for psas below @ ng/ml , the risk of a positive biopsy is @ ( @ % ci @ , @ ) times greater than subsequent prostate cancer mortality .', 'prostate cancer overdiagnosis has a strong relationship to age and psa level .', 'restricting screening in men over @ to those with psa above median ( > @ ng/ml ) and screening men over @ only in selected circumstances would importantly reduce overdiagnosis and change the ratio of benefits to harms of psa-screening .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate nondestructively the percentage of @d voids and marginal gaps in a pre-defined interface volume of interest ( voi ) within root fillings produced by thermafil obturators with either a hydrophobic epoxy-resin-based sealer ( ah plus ) or a hydrophilic flowable calcium-silicate sealer [ mineral trioxide aggregate ( mta ) flow ] .", "sixteen single root canals from extracted premolar teeth were prepared with protaper rotary instruments , randomly allocated into two groups ( n = @ ) and filled with size @ thermafil obturators in association with ah plus or mta flow sealers .", "the filled roots were stored at @ c in @ ml of hank 's balanced salt solution ( hbss ) used to represent body fluids and scanned after @ days and @ months using a high-resolution micro-ct .", "from each root , images of @ sections were analysed in @d and binarized using a high-resolution micro-ct ( @ - resolution ) .", "the @d distribution of voids ( porosity and marginal gaps ) at the gutta-percha-sealer-dentine interface was detected through a threshold grey level and expressed as percentage of the @ -- thick pre-defined interface voi ( @ of interface dentine and @ of gutta-percha/sealer ) .", "a method of analysis based on the root canal segmentation was used , and coronal , middle and apical thirds considered separately .", "the percentage of @d void volume was compared statistically using one-way anova ( significance for p < @ ) .", "environmental scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive x-ray ( esem-edx ) analysis was performed on the surface of both sealers after soaking in hbss .", "micro-ct detected gaps at the dentine-sealer interface in both groups .", "void volumes wider than @ m ( @ ) with @ m diameter were detected .", "cul-de-sac-type voids ( blind pores ) and through-and-through voids ( continuous pores ) were discriminated .", "the apical thirds had a significantly lower @d void volume ( p < @ ) than the middle and coronal thirds .", "the @d void volume reduced significantly ( p < @ ) over time .", "esem-edx analysis revealed that mta flow sealer created a dense apatite layer after @ days of immersion in hbss , whilst only sparse calcium phosphate deposits were detected on ah plus even after @ days .", "micro-ct proved to be a powerful nondestructive @d analysis tool for visualizing the porous internal microstructure of dental/endodontic materials at the interface with dentine .", "the proportion of voids was least in the apical third of root canals .", "voids reduced over time in the presence of simulated body fluid ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to investigate nondestructively the percentage of @d voids and marginal gaps in a pre-defined interface volume of interest ( voi ) within root fillings produced by thermafil obturators with either a hydrophobic epoxy-resin-based sealer ( ah plus ) or a hydrophilic flowable calcium-silicate sealer [ mineral trioxide aggregate ( mta ) flow ] .', 'sixteen single root canals from extracted premolar teeth were prepared with protaper rotary instruments , randomly allocated into two groups ( n = @ ) and filled with size @ thermafil obturators in association with ah plus or mta flow sealers .', \"the filled roots were stored at @ c in @ ml of hank 's balanced salt solution ( hbss ) used to represent body fluids and scanned after @ days and @ months using a high-resolution micro-ct .\", 'from each root , images of @ sections were analysed in @d and binarized using a high-resolution micro-ct ( @ - resolution ) .', 'the @d distribution of voids ( porosity and marginal gaps ) at the gutta-percha-sealer-dentine interface was detected through a threshold grey level and expressed as percentage of the @ -- thick pre-defined interface voi ( @ of interface dentine and @ of gutta-percha/sealer ) .', 'a method of analysis based on the root canal segmentation was used , and coronal , middle and apical thirds considered separately .', 'the percentage of @d void volume was compared statistically using one-way anova ( significance for p < @ ) .', 'environmental scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive x-ray ( esem-edx ) analysis was performed on the surface of both sealers after soaking in hbss .', 'micro-ct detected gaps at the dentine-sealer interface in both groups .', 'void volumes wider than @ m ( @ ) with @ m diameter were detected .', 'cul-de-sac-type voids ( blind pores ) and through-and-through voids ( continuous pores ) were discriminated .', 'the apical thirds had a significantly lower @d void volume ( p < @ ) than the middle and coronal thirds .', 'the @d void volume reduced significantly ( p < @ ) over time .', 'esem-edx analysis revealed that mta flow sealer created a dense apatite layer after @ days of immersion in hbss , whilst only sparse calcium phosphate deposits were detected on ah plus even after @ days .', 'micro-ct proved to be a powerful nondestructive @d analysis tool for visualizing the porous internal microstructure of dental/endodontic materials at the interface with dentine .', 'the proportion of voids was least in the apical third of root canals .', 'voids reduced over time in the presence of simulated body fluid .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the present study was conducted to compare the analgesic efficacy of a new topical gel formulation of nimesulide ( @ mg of pure drug ) with that of placebo , diclofenac and piroxicam gels ( @ mg of pure drug ) in three parallel groups in a double-blinded , randomized fashion with vehicle placebo .", "the analgesic activity of nimesulide was subsequently correlated with its pharmacokinetic profile .", "the drugs were applied on a fixed marked area on the skin of the right forearm .", "pain stimulus was administered using a modification of the hollander method , before and at @ , @ , @ , @ min and @ min post-treatment .", "the pain experienced by the subjects was ranked separately on the visual analogue scale ( vas ) and the ten-point category scale .", "antinociception induced by the treatments was evaluated through the placebo-related ratings ( prr ) and total pain relief ( totpar ) analysis .", "the plasma concentration of nimesulide was estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) .", "nimesulide exhibited better efficacy than diclofenac , piroxicam and placebo .", "it demonstrated faster onset of action in concordance with earlier studies .", "peak analgesic effect was observed at @ min post-treatment , which correlated with the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug in gel formulation .", "in this study , diclofenac was found to be superior to piroxicam though both drugs exhibited peak analgesic effect at @ min post-treatment .", "in the modified hollander method , a good correlation was found between the ten point category scale and the vas , indicating that it may serve as a sensitive and reliable method for the screening of analgesic drugs .", "the superior analgesic activity of nimesulide ( as gel formulation ) , correlating with its pharmacokinetic profile , indicates that the topical route of administration may be a safe and effective alternative to the presently used oral and rectal routes ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the present study was conducted to compare the analgesic efficacy of a new topical gel formulation of nimesulide ( @ mg of pure drug ) with that of placebo , diclofenac and piroxicam gels ( @ mg of pure drug ) in three parallel groups in a double-blinded , randomized fashion with vehicle placebo .', 'the analgesic activity of nimesulide was subsequently correlated with its pharmacokinetic profile .', 'the drugs were applied on a fixed marked area on the skin of the right forearm .', 'pain stimulus was administered using a modification of the hollander method , before and at @ , @ , @ , @ min and @ min post-treatment .', 'the pain experienced by the subjects was ranked separately on the visual analogue scale ( vas ) and the ten-point category scale .', 'antinociception induced by the treatments was evaluated through the placebo-related ratings ( prr ) and total pain relief ( totpar ) analysis .', 'the plasma concentration of nimesulide was estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) .', 'nimesulide exhibited better efficacy than diclofenac , piroxicam and placebo .', 'it demonstrated faster onset of action in concordance with earlier studies .', 'peak analgesic effect was observed at @ min post-treatment , which correlated with the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug in gel formulation .', 'in this study , diclofenac was found to be superior to piroxicam though both drugs exhibited peak analgesic effect at @ min post-treatment .', 'in the modified hollander method , a good correlation was found between the ten point category scale and the vas , indicating that it may serve as a sensitive and reliable method for the screening of analgesic drugs .', 'the superior analgesic activity of nimesulide ( as gel formulation ) , correlating with its pharmacokinetic profile , indicates that the topical route of administration may be a safe and effective alternative to the presently used oral and rectal routes .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to verify that the use of noninvasive ventilatory support in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease leads to decreasing the number of deaths , shortening in-hospital stay and decreasing number of endotracheal intubations ( eti ) .", "the study was conducted at a respiratory department 's icu in @-@ .", "patients hospitalized on icu with acute exacerbation of copd , respiratory acidosis and global respiratory failure were randomised into two groups .", "patients in group a were treated by conservative medical therapy ( oxygen , bronchodilator , corticosteroid ) , patients in group b received noninvasive ventilation with face mask .", "the parameters followed were : decrease in the number of deaths , shortening of icu stay , reduction of eti , faster improvement of breathing frequency , heart rate , ph , pao@ , paco@ , lactate , dyspnoea symptom score and lung functions .", "each group consisted of @ randomised patients .", "there were @ intubated patients in group a , as opposed to @ in group b ( n = @ ; p = @ ) .", "average length of icu stay was @ days in group a and @ days in group b ( n = @ ; p = @ ) .", "mortality rate was identical in both groups : @ patients survived , @ patients died .", "we found faster decrease of breathing frequency after one hour of noninvasive ventilation in group b ( @ + / - @ vs. @ + / - @ , n = @ , p = @ ) .", "no difference was found in mortality rate .", "we observed decreasing of eti rate with niv .", "we found a tendency to shortening of icu stay .", "there was faster improvement of breathing frequency after one hour of niv ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to verify that the use of noninvasive ventilatory support in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease leads to decreasing the number of deaths , shortening in-hospital stay and decreasing number of endotracheal intubations ( eti ) .', \"the study was conducted at a respiratory department 's icu in @-@ .\", 'patients hospitalized on icu with acute exacerbation of copd , respiratory acidosis and global respiratory failure were randomised into two groups .', 'patients in group a were treated by conservative medical therapy ( oxygen , bronchodilator , corticosteroid ) , patients in group b received noninvasive ventilation with face mask .', 'the parameters followed were : decrease in the number of deaths , shortening of icu stay , reduction of eti , faster improvement of breathing frequency , heart rate , ph , pao@ , paco@ , lactate , dyspnoea symptom score and lung functions .', 'each group consisted of @ randomised patients .', 'there were @ intubated patients in group a , as opposed to @ in group b ( n = @ ; p = @ ) .', 'average length of icu stay was @ days in group a and @ days in group b ( n = @ ; p = @ ) .', 'mortality rate was identical in both groups : @ patients survived , @ patients died .', 'we found faster decrease of breathing frequency after one hour of noninvasive ventilation in group b ( @ + / - @ vs. @ + / - @ , n = @ , p = @ ) .', 'no difference was found in mortality rate .', 'we observed decreasing of eti rate with niv .', 'we found a tendency to shortening of icu stay .', 'there was faster improvement of breathing frequency after one hour of niv .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "some normotensive sedentary individuals have an exaggerated increase in blood pressure ( bp ) during physical activity , which is a behavior that is called blood pressure hyper-reactivity .", "to investigate the effect of an aerobic exercise program ( aep ) on blood pressure in individuals with blood pressure hyper-reactivity ( bph ) .", "ten male volunteers with bph , aged @ @ years , referred to as the experimental group ( eg ) , took part in an aep on a treadmill , @ times a week for two months .", "they were compared to @ men with bph , aged @ @ years , referred to as the control group ( cg ) , who remained sedentary .", "the subjects were evaluated before and after the aep by stress test for comparison purposes .", "we evaluated the initial , peak and test-end heart rates ( hr ) , systolic blood pressure ( sbp ) and diastolic blood pressure ( dbp ) .", "there a significant decrease in the initial sbp ( -@ % ; p = @ ) , initial dbp ( -@ % ; p = @ ) , peak sbp ( -@ % ; p = @ ) , peak dbp ( -@ % ; p = @ ) , final sbp ( -@ % , p = @ ) in the eg .", "the cg continued with its hyper-reactive behavior , which evolved to more exaggerated levels when the results before and after the study were compared ( p < @ ) .", "in the hr , there was an increase only in the final hr , of @ bpm , after training ( p = @ ) .", "the test-peak vo@ increased by @ ml.kg ( -@ ) x min ( -@ ) in the eg ( p = @ ) and remained similar in the cg .", "the aep normalized the behavior of the blood pressure hyper-reactivity in sedentary men ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['some normotensive sedentary individuals have an exaggerated increase in blood pressure ( bp ) during physical activity , which is a behavior that is called blood pressure hyper-reactivity .', 'to investigate the effect of an aerobic exercise program ( aep ) on blood pressure in individuals with blood pressure hyper-reactivity ( bph ) .', 'ten male volunteers with bph , aged @ @ years , referred to as the experimental group ( eg ) , took part in an aep on a treadmill , @ times a week for two months .', 'they were compared to @ men with bph , aged @ @ years , referred to as the control group ( cg ) , who remained sedentary .', 'the subjects were evaluated before and after the aep by stress test for comparison purposes .', 'we evaluated the initial , peak and test-end heart rates ( hr ) , systolic blood pressure ( sbp ) and diastolic blood pressure ( dbp ) .', 'there a significant decrease in the initial sbp ( -@ % ; p = @ ) , initial dbp ( -@ % ; p = @ ) , peak sbp ( -@ % ; p = @ ) , peak dbp ( -@ % ; p = @ ) , final sbp ( -@ % , p = @ ) in the eg .', 'the cg continued with its hyper-reactive behavior , which evolved to more exaggerated levels when the results before and after the study were compared ( p < @ ) .', 'in the hr , there was an increase only in the final hr , of @ bpm , after training ( p = @ ) .', 'the test-peak vo@ increased by @ ml.kg ( -@ ) x min ( -@ ) in the eg ( p = @ ) and remained similar in the cg .', 'the aep normalized the behavior of the blood pressure hyper-reactivity in sedentary men .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "METHODS", "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "prospective randomized clinical study with a @ - to @-year follow-up period .", "the aim of the present study was to analyze the long-term outcome with respect to functional disability , pain , and general health of patients treated by means of circumferential lumbar fusion in comparison with those treated by means of instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion .", "circumferential fusion has become a common procedure in lumbar spinal fusion both as a primary and salvage procedure .", "however , the claimed advantages of circumferential fusion over conventional posterolateral fusion lack scientific documentation .", "( the primary report with a @-year follow-up has been published in spine in @ . )", "from april @ to november @ , a total of @ patients ( mean age , @ years ) with severe chronic low back pain were randomly selected for either posterolateral lumbar fusion ( titanium cotrel-dubousset ) or circumferential lumbar fusion ( instrumented posterolateral fusion with anterior intervertebral support by a brantigan cage ) .", "the primary outcome measure was the dallas pain questionnaire ( dpq ) .", "the secondary outcome measures were the oswestry disability index , the sf-@ instrument , and the low back pain rating scale .", "all measures assessed the endpoint outcomes at @ to @ years after surgery .", "the available response rate was @ % .", "the circumferential group showed a significantly better improvement ( p < @ ) in comparison with the posterolateral group with respect to all four dpq categories : daily activities , work/leisure , anxiety/depression , and social interest .", "the oswestry disability index supported these results ( p < @ ) .", "general health , as assessed by means of the sf-@ , also showed significantly better physical health ( p < @ ) in the circumferential group , whereas no significant difference was found with respect to mental health compared with the posterolateral group .", "the circumferential group experienced significantly less back pain ( p < @ ) in comparison with the posterolateral group .", "in regard to leg pain , no significant difference was found .", "circumferential lumbar fusion demands more extensive operative resources compared with posterolateral lumbar fusion .", "however , @ to @ years after surgery , the circumferentially fused patients had a significantly improved outcome compared with those treated by means of posterolateral fusion .", "these new results not only emphasize the superiority of circumferential fusion in the complex pathology of the lumbar spine but are also strongly supported in all of the validated questionnaires used in the study ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['prospective randomized clinical study with a @ - to @-year follow-up period .', 'the aim of the present study was to analyze the long-term outcome with respect to functional disability , pain , and general health of patients treated by means of circumferential lumbar fusion in comparison with those treated by means of instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion .', 'circumferential fusion has become a common procedure in lumbar spinal fusion both as a primary and salvage procedure .', 'however , the claimed advantages of circumferential fusion over conventional posterolateral fusion lack scientific documentation .', '( the primary report with a @-year follow-up has been published in spine in @ . )', 'from april @ to november @ , a total of @ patients ( mean age , @ years ) with severe chronic low back pain were randomly selected for either posterolateral lumbar fusion ( titanium cotrel-dubousset ) or circumferential lumbar fusion ( instrumented posterolateral fusion with anterior intervertebral support by a brantigan cage ) .', 'the primary outcome measure was the dallas pain questionnaire ( dpq ) .', 'the secondary outcome measures were the oswestry disability index , the sf-@ instrument , and the low back pain rating scale .', 'all measures assessed the endpoint outcomes at @ to @ years after surgery .', 'the available response rate was @ % .', 'the circumferential group showed a significantly better improvement ( p < @ ) in comparison with the posterolateral group with respect to all four dpq categories : daily activities , work/leisure , anxiety/depression , and social interest .', 'the oswestry disability index supported these results ( p < @ ) .', 'general health , as assessed by means of the sf-@ , also showed significantly better physical health ( p < @ ) in the circumferential group , whereas no significant difference was found with respect to mental health compared with the posterolateral group .', 'the circumferential group experienced significantly less back pain ( p < @ ) in comparison with the posterolateral group .', 'in regard to leg pain , no significant difference was found .', 'circumferential lumbar fusion demands more extensive operative resources compared with posterolateral lumbar fusion .', 'however , @ to @ years after surgery , the circumferentially fused patients had a significantly improved outcome compared with those treated by means of posterolateral fusion .', 'these new results not only emphasize the superiority of circumferential fusion in the complex pathology of the lumbar spine but are also strongly supported in all of the validated questionnaires used in the study .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['METHODS', 'OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine whether an @-month vanguard phase , in the therapeutic hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest trials , confirmed study feasibility and patient safety , a prerequisite to continued funding by the sponsor .", "randomized controlled trial .", "pediatric intensive care and pediatric cardiac care units in @ clinical sites in the united states and canada .", "children aged @ hrs to @ yrs of age , with return of circulation after cardiac arrest .", "therapeutic hypothermia vs. therapeutic normothermia .", "the first @ of @ potential sites to obtain institutional review board and subcontract approvals were selected as vanguard sites .", "institutional review board approvals were obtained @ days ( median , interquartile range @-@ ) and subcontracts signed @ days ( interquartile range @-@ ) after distribution .", "sites screened subjects at @ days ( interquartile range @-@ ) and enrolled the first subjects @ days ( interquartile range @-@ ) after study launch .", "the recruitment milestone was reached @ months ahead of schedule , with no safety concerns identified .", "overall recruitment in this ongoing trial remains on target .", "the therapeutic hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest vanguard phase proved beneficial for the investigators and funding agency .", "because complex multicenter trials are rarely ready to launch when grant funds are received , the vanguard allowed time to refine the protocol and recruitment approaches .", "competition for vanguard positions led to expedient institutional review board and subcontract completion .", "early success and sustained momentum contributed to recruitment at or above goals .", "financial risks to the sponsor were minimized by tying funding for the full trial to achieving prespecified milestones .", "a vanguard phase may be a desirable strategy for the successful conduct of other complex clinical trials ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to determine whether an @-month vanguard phase , in the therapeutic hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest trials , confirmed study feasibility and patient safety , a prerequisite to continued funding by the sponsor .', 'randomized controlled trial .', 'pediatric intensive care and pediatric cardiac care units in @ clinical sites in the united states and canada .', 'children aged @ hrs to @ yrs of age , with return of circulation after cardiac arrest .', 'therapeutic hypothermia vs. therapeutic normothermia .', 'the first @ of @ potential sites to obtain institutional review board and subcontract approvals were selected as vanguard sites .', 'institutional review board approvals were obtained @ days ( median , interquartile range @-@ ) and subcontracts signed @ days ( interquartile range @-@ ) after distribution .', 'sites screened subjects at @ days ( interquartile range @-@ ) and enrolled the first subjects @ days ( interquartile range @-@ ) after study launch .', 'the recruitment milestone was reached @ months ahead of schedule , with no safety concerns identified .', 'overall recruitment in this ongoing trial remains on target .', 'the therapeutic hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest vanguard phase proved beneficial for the investigators and funding agency .', 'because complex multicenter trials are rarely ready to launch when grant funds are received , the vanguard allowed time to refine the protocol and recruitment approaches .', 'competition for vanguard positions led to expedient institutional review board and subcontract completion .', 'early success and sustained momentum contributed to recruitment at or above goals .', 'financial risks to the sponsor were minimized by tying funding for the full trial to achieving prespecified milestones .', 'a vanguard phase may be a desirable strategy for the successful conduct of other complex clinical trials .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this study was to evaluate , via clinical and radiographic assessment , pulpectomy outcomes performed on primary anterior teeth both with and without a citric acid solution to enhance smear layer removal .", "patients with a matched pair of primary incisors ( split-mouth design ) with irreversible pulp changes were selected .", "a total of @ teeth ( @ children ) received pulpectomies and were followed for @ months .", "pulpectomies were performed using sodium hypochlorite and saline solution as canal irrigants ; during the last irrigation , the tooth was randomly selected to receive ( group @ ) or not receive ( group @ ) the citric acid solution for smear layer removal .", "the roots were filled with zoe paste .", "overall pulpectomy success was @ % .", "cases with smear layer removal were successful @ % of the time ; those without smear layer removal , @ % , and there were no statistical differences ( p = @ ) .", "pulpectomy with smear layer removal in primary incisors exhibited , after @ months , a high success rate ; however , comparable results were obtained when the smear layer was not removed ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the aim of this study was to evaluate , via clinical and radiographic assessment , pulpectomy outcomes performed on primary anterior teeth both with and without a citric acid solution to enhance smear layer removal .', 'patients with a matched pair of primary incisors ( split-mouth design ) with irreversible pulp changes were selected .', 'a total of @ teeth ( @ children ) received pulpectomies and were followed for @ months .', 'pulpectomies were performed using sodium hypochlorite and saline solution as canal irrigants ; during the last irrigation , the tooth was randomly selected to receive ( group @ ) or not receive ( group @ ) the citric acid solution for smear layer removal .', 'the roots were filled with zoe paste .', 'overall pulpectomy success was @ % .', 'cases with smear layer removal were successful @ % of the time ; those without smear layer removal , @ % , and there were no statistical differences ( p = @ ) .', 'pulpectomy with smear layer removal in primary incisors exhibited , after @ months , a high success rate ; however , comparable results were obtained when the smear layer was not removed .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to quantify the preventive effect of a neutral functional realignment orthosis on pain , mobility , and edema of the hand in subacute hemiparetic poststroke patients with severe motor deficits .", "randomized trial .", "rehabilitation center .", "poststroke patients ( n = @ ) with subacute hemiparesis and severe deficits of the upper limb were enrolled .", "fifteen patients were randomized to a standard rehabilitation program without orthosis and @ patients received an experimental orthosis in addition to their standard rehabilitation program .", "the orthosis group wore the neutral functional realignment orthosis for at least @ hours daily .", "hand pain at rest ( visual analog scale ) , wrist range of motion ( fugl-meyer assessment subscale ) , and edema of hand and wrist ( circumferences ) .", "outcome measures were assessed at time of randomization and after @ weeks between groups .", "at baseline , @ patients in each group complained about a painful hand .", "after @ weeks , @ subjects in the control group and @ subject in the orthosis group complained of hand pain ( p = @ ) .", "mobility and edema evolved similarly in both groups .", "neutral functional realignment orthoses have a preventive effect on poststroke hand pain , but not on mobility and edema in the subacute phase of recovery ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to quantify the preventive effect of a neutral functional realignment orthosis on pain , mobility , and edema of the hand in subacute hemiparetic poststroke patients with severe motor deficits .', 'randomized trial .', 'rehabilitation center .', 'poststroke patients ( n = @ ) with subacute hemiparesis and severe deficits of the upper limb were enrolled .', 'fifteen patients were randomized to a standard rehabilitation program without orthosis and @ patients received an experimental orthosis in addition to their standard rehabilitation program .', 'the orthosis group wore the neutral functional realignment orthosis for at least @ hours daily .', 'hand pain at rest ( visual analog scale ) , wrist range of motion ( fugl-meyer assessment subscale ) , and edema of hand and wrist ( circumferences ) .', 'outcome measures were assessed at time of randomization and after @ weeks between groups .', 'at baseline , @ patients in each group complained about a painful hand .', 'after @ weeks , @ subjects in the control group and @ subject in the orthosis group complained of hand pain ( p = @ ) .', 'mobility and edema evolved similarly in both groups .', 'neutral functional realignment orthoses have a preventive effect on poststroke hand pain , but not on mobility and edema in the subacute phase of recovery .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "intraduodenal proteases exert a negative feedback on pancreatic secretion .", "to investigate the effect of two pancreatic enzyme preparations ( enteric-coated tablets , and capsules with enteric-coated microtablets ) on postprandial pancreatic and bile acid secretion , gastroduodenal motility and release of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide in healthy humans .", "twenty healthy males were studied on two different days one week apart .", "after an overnight fast a nine-lumen motility tube was positioned with the distal tip at the treitz angle .", "on each study day , @ min after an interdigestive migrating motor complex-phase iii , a semi-liquid test meal was given either alone ( n = @ ) or with enzymes ( @ tablets ( n = @ ) or @ capsules with microtablets ( n = @ ) ; @,@ u lipase and @ proteases ) in a randomized order , and the study continued over @ h. motility was continuously recorded with four ports in the antrum and three in the duodenum , using a low-compliance pneumohydraulic perfusion system .", "secretion of human-specific pancreatic elastase and bile acids was measured by a standard duodenal intubation perfusion technique .", "plasma concentrations of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide were measured by specific radioimmunoassays .", "postprandial pancreatic secretion was significantly reduced by administration of microtablets ( median @ mg/@ h vs. @ mg/@ h , p < @ ) but not by tablets ( median @ mg/@ h vs. @ mg/@ h. n.s. ) .", "no changes were observed in bile acid secretion , antroduodenal motility or release of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide .", "oral administration of pancreatic enzymes at normal therapeutic doses significantly inhibits postprandial pancreatic secretion in healthy humans , when capsules with enteric-coated microtablets are given .", "exogenous pancreatic enzymes have no significant effect on bile acid secretion , gastroduodenal motility and hormone release ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['intraduodenal proteases exert a negative feedback on pancreatic secretion .', 'to investigate the effect of two pancreatic enzyme preparations ( enteric-coated tablets , and capsules with enteric-coated microtablets ) on postprandial pancreatic and bile acid secretion , gastroduodenal motility and release of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide in healthy humans .', 'twenty healthy males were studied on two different days one week apart .', 'after an overnight fast a nine-lumen motility tube was positioned with the distal tip at the treitz angle .', 'on each study day , @ min after an interdigestive migrating motor complex-phase iii , a semi-liquid test meal was given either alone ( n = @ ) or with enzymes ( @ tablets ( n = @ ) or @ capsules with microtablets ( n = @ ) ; @,@ u lipase and @ proteases ) in a randomized order , and the study continued over @ h. motility was continuously recorded with four ports in the antrum and three in the duodenum , using a low-compliance pneumohydraulic perfusion system .', 'secretion of human-specific pancreatic elastase and bile acids was measured by a standard duodenal intubation perfusion technique .', 'plasma concentrations of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide were measured by specific radioimmunoassays .', 'postprandial pancreatic secretion was significantly reduced by administration of microtablets ( median @ mg/@ h vs. @ mg/@ h , p < @ ) but not by tablets ( median @ mg/@ h vs. @ mg/@ h. n.s. ) .', 'no changes were observed in bile acid secretion , antroduodenal motility or release of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide .', 'oral administration of pancreatic enzymes at normal therapeutic doses significantly inhibits postprandial pancreatic secretion in healthy humans , when capsules with enteric-coated microtablets are given .', 'exogenous pancreatic enzymes have no significant effect on bile acid secretion , gastroduodenal motility and hormone release .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to observe therapeutic effect of electrical plum-blossom needle for treatment of juvenile myopia and biological effect on ocular tissue and structures .", "one hundred and sixty cases with mild myopia ( diopter < @ d ) were randomly divided into two groups , a treatment group and a control group .", "the treatment group were treated with electrical plum-blossom needle therapy , tapping jingming ( bl @ ) , chengqi ( st @ ) , taiyang ( ex-hn @ ) and neiguan ( pc @ ) , and the control group with tropicamide eye drops .", "the changes of vision , diopter , corneal refractive power , ocular-axial length , lens and ciliaris thickness were observed before and after treatment .", "the total effective rate was @ % in the treatment group and @ % in the control group , with a very significant difference between the two groups ( p < @ ) ; the two therapies could decrease the thickness of lens and ciliaris , and eliminate spasm of ciliary muscle , however the electrical plum-blossom needle therapy had more obvious action ( p < @ ) ; the two therapies had no effect on the corneal refractive power and ocular-axial length .", "the electrical plum-blossom needle therapy is an effective method for increasing vision , correcting ametropia and delaying development of myopia ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to observe therapeutic effect of electrical plum-blossom needle for treatment of juvenile myopia and biological effect on ocular tissue and structures .', 'one hundred and sixty cases with mild myopia ( diopter < @ d ) were randomly divided into two groups , a treatment group and a control group .', 'the treatment group were treated with electrical plum-blossom needle therapy , tapping jingming ( bl @ ) , chengqi ( st @ ) , taiyang ( ex-hn @ ) and neiguan ( pc @ ) , and the control group with tropicamide eye drops .', 'the changes of vision , diopter , corneal refractive power , ocular-axial length , lens and ciliaris thickness were observed before and after treatment .', 'the total effective rate was @ % in the treatment group and @ % in the control group , with a very significant difference between the two groups ( p < @ ) ; the two therapies could decrease the thickness of lens and ciliaris , and eliminate spasm of ciliary muscle , however the electrical plum-blossom needle therapy had more obvious action ( p < @ ) ; the two therapies had no effect on the corneal refractive power and ocular-axial length .', 'the electrical plum-blossom needle therapy is an effective method for increasing vision , correcting ametropia and delaying development of myopia .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "increased left ventricular mass ( lvm ) by echocardiography is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease .", "thus , it is of interest to compare the effects of both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to the treatment of hypertension on reduction of lvm .", "changes in lv structure were assessed by m-mode echocardiograms in a double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial of @ mild hypertensive participants randomized to nutritional-hygienic ( nh ) intervention plus placebo or nh plus one of five classes of antihypertensive agents : ( @ ) diuretic ( chlorthalidone ) , ( @ ) beta-blocker ( acebutolol ) , ( @ ) alpha-antagonist ( doxazosin mesylate ) , ( @ ) calcium antagonist ( amlodipine maleate ) , or ( @ ) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( enalapril maleate ) .", "echocardiograms were performed at baseline , at @ months , and annually for @ years .", "changes in blood pressure averaged @/@ mm hg in the active treatment groups and @/@ mm hg in the nh only group .", "all groups showed significant decreases ( @ % to @ % ) in lvm from baseline that appeared at @ months and continued for @ months .", "the chlorthalidone group experienced the greatest decrease at each follow-up visit ( average decrease , @ g ) , although the differences from other groups were modest ( average decrease among @ other groups , @ to @ g ) .", "participants randomized to nh intervention only had mean changes in lvm similar to those in the participants randomized to nh intervention plus pharmacological treatment .", "the greatest difference between groups was seen at @ months , with mean decreases ranging from @ g ( chlorthalidone group ) to @ g ( acebutolol group ) ( p = @ comparing all groups ) .", "within-group analysis showed that changes in weight , urinary sodium excretion , and systolic bp were moderately correlated with changes in lvm , being statistically significant in most analyses .", "nh intervention with emphasis on weight loss and reduction of dietary sodium is as effective as nh intervention plus pharmacological treatment in reducing echocardiographically determined lvm , despite a smaller decrease in blood pressure in the nh intervention only group .", "a possible exception is that the addition of diuretic ( chlorthalidone ) may have a modest additional effect on reducing lvm ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['increased left ventricular mass ( lvm ) by echocardiography is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease .', 'thus , it is of interest to compare the effects of both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to the treatment of hypertension on reduction of lvm .', 'changes in lv structure were assessed by m-mode echocardiograms in a double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial of @ mild hypertensive participants randomized to nutritional-hygienic ( nh ) intervention plus placebo or nh plus one of five classes of antihypertensive agents : ( @ ) diuretic ( chlorthalidone ) , ( @ ) beta-blocker ( acebutolol ) , ( @ ) alpha-antagonist ( doxazosin mesylate ) , ( @ ) calcium antagonist ( amlodipine maleate ) , or ( @ ) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( enalapril maleate ) .', 'echocardiograms were performed at baseline , at @ months , and annually for @ years .', 'changes in blood pressure averaged @/@ mm hg in the active treatment groups and @/@ mm hg in the nh only group .', 'all groups showed significant decreases ( @ % to @ % ) in lvm from baseline that appeared at @ months and continued for @ months .', 'the chlorthalidone group experienced the greatest decrease at each follow-up visit ( average decrease , @ g ) , although the differences from other groups were modest ( average decrease among @ other groups , @ to @ g ) .', 'participants randomized to nh intervention only had mean changes in lvm similar to those in the participants randomized to nh intervention plus pharmacological treatment .', 'the greatest difference between groups was seen at @ months , with mean decreases ranging from @ g ( chlorthalidone group ) to @ g ( acebutolol group ) ( p = @ comparing all groups ) .', 'within-group analysis showed that changes in weight , urinary sodium excretion , and systolic bp were moderately correlated with changes in lvm , being statistically significant in most analyses .', 'nh intervention with emphasis on weight loss and reduction of dietary sodium is as effective as nh intervention plus pharmacological treatment in reducing echocardiographically determined lvm , despite a smaller decrease in blood pressure in the nh intervention only group .', 'a possible exception is that the addition of diuretic ( chlorthalidone ) may have a modest additional effect on reducing lvm .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the recent sharp trial clearly demonstrated that a reduction in low-density lipoprotein ( ldl ) cholesterol with a daily regimen of simvastatin plus ezetimibe safely reduced the incidence of major atherosclerotic events in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .", "we aimed to compare the efficacy of and adverse effects from statin uptitration versus statin in combination with ezetimibe since only a few studies have addressed this question .", "this was a randomized , open-label , multicenter trial that included @ patients with ckd whose ldl cholesterol levels were not reduced below @ mg/dl despite a minimum dose of statin therapy .", "patients received double doses of statin or usual statin dose with the addition of ezetimibe @ mg daily .", "the observation period was @ year during which time patients were checked regularly in clinic for adverse effects as well as for usual laboratory examinations .", "the key prespecified outcome was the incidence of adverse effects , which included skeletal muscle complaints , myalgia , muscle weakness , and muscle cramps with and without elevated ck levels .", "increases in alanine transaminase ( alt ) or aspartate transaminase ( ast ) levels > @ times the upper limit of normal ( uln ) were considered clinically significant adverse effects .", "adverse events occurred in @/@ in the combination group and in @/@ in the statin uptitration group ( p < @ ) .", "moreover , in patients with ckd of stages @-@ , rates were @/@ in the combination group versus @/@ in the statin uptitration group ( p < @ ) .", "no serious adverse effects such as rhabdomyolysis were noted in either group .", "serum creatinine levels remained essentially unchanged in both groups except in ckd stages @ and @ .", "reductions in ldl cholesterol were similar between the two groups at the start of and at the end of the study .", "during the study , no atherosclerotic events were reported in either group .", "when statin uptitration produces adverse effects such as myopathy , combination therapy with ezetimibe is recommended instead of statin alone ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the recent sharp trial clearly demonstrated that a reduction in low-density lipoprotein ( ldl ) cholesterol with a daily regimen of simvastatin plus ezetimibe safely reduced the incidence of major atherosclerotic events in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .', 'we aimed to compare the efficacy of and adverse effects from statin uptitration versus statin in combination with ezetimibe since only a few studies have addressed this question .', 'this was a randomized , open-label , multicenter trial that included @ patients with ckd whose ldl cholesterol levels were not reduced below @ mg/dl despite a minimum dose of statin therapy .', 'patients received double doses of statin or usual statin dose with the addition of ezetimibe @ mg daily .', 'the observation period was @ year during which time patients were checked regularly in clinic for adverse effects as well as for usual laboratory examinations .', 'the key prespecified outcome was the incidence of adverse effects , which included skeletal muscle complaints , myalgia , muscle weakness , and muscle cramps with and without elevated ck levels .', 'increases in alanine transaminase ( alt ) or aspartate transaminase ( ast ) levels > @ times the upper limit of normal ( uln ) were considered clinically significant adverse effects .', 'adverse events occurred in @/@ in the combination group and in @/@ in the statin uptitration group ( p < @ ) .', 'moreover , in patients with ckd of stages @-@ , rates were @/@ in the combination group versus @/@ in the statin uptitration group ( p < @ ) .', 'no serious adverse effects such as rhabdomyolysis were noted in either group .', 'serum creatinine levels remained essentially unchanged in both groups except in ckd stages @ and @ .', 'reductions in ldl cholesterol were similar between the two groups at the start of and at the end of the study .', 'during the study , no atherosclerotic events were reported in either group .', 'when statin uptitration produces adverse effects such as myopathy , combination therapy with ezetimibe is recommended instead of statin alone .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "it was the aim of this study to prospectively study the effects on hematocrit levels , transfusion rates and quality of life ( qol ) indices in men preoperatively supplemented with recombinant erythropoietin ( repo ) undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer .", "thirty men undergoing radical prostatectomy were randomized either to receive repo ( n = @ ) or to serve as controls ( n = @ ) .", "outcome measurements obtained preoperatively , as well as @ days and @ weeks postoperatively included serum hematocrit levels , transfusion rates and qol indices ( using sf-@ validated questionnaires ) .", "the repo group had a significant increase in preoperative hematocrit ( median increase = @ points ; p = @ ) .", "although there were no significant differences in hematocrit at @ days , the repo had a significantly higher hematocrit value at @ weeks ( p = @ ) .", "no differences were observed in transfusions rates between groups ( @ % in each group ) .", "sf-@ mental and sf-@ physical scores were not different between the two groups at any time point .", "preoperative administration of repo significantly increases preoperative and postoperative hematocrit levels .", "however , no differences were observed with regard to transfusion rates or postoperative qol indices despite these higher hematocrit values ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['it was the aim of this study to prospectively study the effects on hematocrit levels , transfusion rates and quality of life ( qol ) indices in men preoperatively supplemented with recombinant erythropoietin ( repo ) undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer .', 'thirty men undergoing radical prostatectomy were randomized either to receive repo ( n = @ ) or to serve as controls ( n = @ ) .', 'outcome measurements obtained preoperatively , as well as @ days and @ weeks postoperatively included serum hematocrit levels , transfusion rates and qol indices ( using sf-@ validated questionnaires ) .', 'the repo group had a significant increase in preoperative hematocrit ( median increase = @ points ; p = @ ) .', 'although there were no significant differences in hematocrit at @ days , the repo had a significantly higher hematocrit value at @ weeks ( p = @ ) .', 'no differences were observed in transfusions rates between groups ( @ % in each group ) .', 'sf-@ mental and sf-@ physical scores were not different between the two groups at any time point .', 'preoperative administration of repo significantly increases preoperative and postoperative hematocrit levels .', 'however , no differences were observed with regard to transfusion rates or postoperative qol indices despite these higher hematocrit values .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "saxagliptin , a dipeptidyl peptidase @ inhibitor , improves glycemic control in patients with type @ diabetes mellitus ( t@dm ) by increasing endogenous active , intact glucagon-like peptide @ and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in response to food , which augments insulin secretion and decreases glucagon release .", "savor-timi @ is a phase @ , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial conducted in @ countries that is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of saxagliptin during long-term treatment of approximately @,@ patients with t@dm .", "eligible patients who are either treatment naive or on any background antidiabetic treatment ( except incretin therapy ) with history of established cardiovascular ( cv ) disease or multiple risk factors are randomized @:@ to saxagliptin @ mg qd ( @ mg in subjects with moderate/severe renal impairment ) or matching placebo , stratified by qualifying disease state .", "the primary end point is the composite of cv death , nonfatal myocardial infarction , or nonfatal ischemic stroke .", "the trial will continue until approximately @,@ primary end points accrue , providing @ % power to identify a @ % relative reduction of the primary end point with saxagliptin versus placebo and @ % power to test for noninferiority of saxagliptin versus placebo ( reject the upper limit of @ % ci for a hazard ratio < @ at a @-sided of @ ) .", "savor-timi @ is testing the hypothesis that treatment with saxagliptin is safe and reduces cv events in high-risk patients with t@dm ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['saxagliptin , a dipeptidyl peptidase @ inhibitor , improves glycemic control in patients with type @ diabetes mellitus ( t@dm ) by increasing endogenous active , intact glucagon-like peptide @ and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in response to food , which augments insulin secretion and decreases glucagon release .', 'savor-timi @ is a phase @ , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial conducted in @ countries that is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of saxagliptin during long-term treatment of approximately @,@ patients with t@dm .', 'eligible patients who are either treatment naive or on any background antidiabetic treatment ( except incretin therapy ) with history of established cardiovascular ( cv ) disease or multiple risk factors are randomized @:@ to saxagliptin @ mg qd ( @ mg in subjects with moderate/severe renal impairment ) or matching placebo , stratified by qualifying disease state .', 'the primary end point is the composite of cv death , nonfatal myocardial infarction , or nonfatal ischemic stroke .', 'the trial will continue until approximately @,@ primary end points accrue , providing @ % power to identify a @ % relative reduction of the primary end point with saxagliptin versus placebo and @ % power to test for noninferiority of saxagliptin versus placebo ( reject the upper limit of @ % ci for a hazard ratio < @ at a @-sided of @ ) .', 'savor-timi @ is testing the hypothesis that treatment with saxagliptin is safe and reduces cv events in high-risk patients with t@dm .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this article is a prospective trial of hyperfractional radiotherapy with bronchial arterial infusion of anticancer drugs to treat locally advanced bronchogenic cancer .", "the treatment results , the complications of bronchial arterial infusion , the failure patterns , the relationship of technical aspects of delivery of radiotherapy , and the protocol of anticancer drugs are presented .", "one hundred and twenty-six patients with locally advanced bronchogenic cancer , treated from january @ to january @ , were divided randomly into four groups in our hospital .", "group @ : combination of hyperfractional radiotherapy with bronchial arterial infusion of anticancer drugs ( @ cases ) ; group @ : combination of conventional radiotherapy with bronchial arterial infusion of anticancer ( @ cases ) ; group @ : combination of systemic chemotherapy and split-course radiotherapy ( @ cases ) ; group @ : conventional radiotherapy only ( @ cases ) .", "all the patients were followed for @ years .", "the @-year survival rates for groups @ , @ , @ , and @ are @ , @ , @ , and @ % , respectively .", "the @-year survival rates for groups @ , @ , @ , and @ are @ , @ , @ , and @ % , respectively .", "the @-year survival rates for groups @ , @ , @ , and @ are @ , @ , @ , and @ % , respectively .", "this study demonstrated that the combination of hyperfractional radiotherapy with bronchial arterial infusion anticancer drugs can be performed safely and effectively for locally advanced bronchogenic carcinoma ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this article is a prospective trial of hyperfractional radiotherapy with bronchial arterial infusion of anticancer drugs to treat locally advanced bronchogenic cancer .', 'the treatment results , the complications of bronchial arterial infusion , the failure patterns , the relationship of technical aspects of delivery of radiotherapy , and the protocol of anticancer drugs are presented .', 'one hundred and twenty-six patients with locally advanced bronchogenic cancer , treated from january @ to january @ , were divided randomly into four groups in our hospital .', 'group @ : combination of hyperfractional radiotherapy with bronchial arterial infusion of anticancer drugs ( @ cases ) ; group @ : combination of conventional radiotherapy with bronchial arterial infusion of anticancer ( @ cases ) ; group @ : combination of systemic chemotherapy and split-course radiotherapy ( @ cases ) ; group @ : conventional radiotherapy only ( @ cases ) .', 'all the patients were followed for @ years .', 'the @-year survival rates for groups @ , @ , @ , and @ are @ , @ , @ , and @ % , respectively .', 'the @-year survival rates for groups @ , @ , @ , and @ are @ , @ , @ , and @ % , respectively .', 'the @-year survival rates for groups @ , @ , @ , and @ are @ , @ , @ , and @ % , respectively .', 'this study demonstrated that the combination of hyperfractional radiotherapy with bronchial arterial infusion anticancer drugs can be performed safely and effectively for locally advanced bronchogenic carcinoma .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "based on in vitro and on clinical evidence of protection against acute side effects of radiation , a prospective randomized , open study was performed to determine the efficacy of an oral proteolytic enzyme preparation in patients with head and neck cancer receiving conventional fractionated radiation therapy .", "patients with stage t@/t@ head and neck cancer were eligible .", "one hundred patients from two centres were entered into the study .", "@co gamma-radiation was delivered at a standard daily radiation dose of @ gy in @-@ fractions over a period of @-@ weeks .", "two lateral parallel opposing fields were used with a portal area of @ x @ cm .", "patients assigned to the test group arm additionally received enzyme tablets orally t.i.d. starting @ days prior to radiation therapy , and continuing up to @ days after completion of the course of radiation therapy .", "patients in the control arm were not given any drug or placebo .", "acute radiation side effects were described as mucositis , skin reaction , dysphagia , and were graded at each visit during and after radiation therapy , following rtog/eortc criteria .", "the severity ( maximum extent ) of acute radiation therapy side effects was significantly less in enzyme-treated patients than in control patients : mucositis ( mean : @ vs @ , p < @ ) , skin reaction ( @ vs @ , p < @ ) and dysphagia ( @ vs @ , p < @ ) .", "the duration of these side effects as well as the sum scores of side effects were also less in the study arm .", "combination of enzyme therapy with conventional fractionated radiation therapy was feasible and well-tolerated .", "there was significant protection against acute side effects of radiation therapy in the study arm .", "not only was the severity of acute side effects less but the duration was shorter and the time to onset was also delayed .", "prospective randomized double-blind studies would verify this role of an oral enzyme therapy as standard co-medication with radiation therapy to the head and neck region ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['based on in vitro and on clinical evidence of protection against acute side effects of radiation , a prospective randomized , open study was performed to determine the efficacy of an oral proteolytic enzyme preparation in patients with head and neck cancer receiving conventional fractionated radiation therapy .', 'patients with stage t@/t@ head and neck cancer were eligible .', 'one hundred patients from two centres were entered into the study .', '@co gamma-radiation was delivered at a standard daily radiation dose of @ gy in @-@ fractions over a period of @-@ weeks .', 'two lateral parallel opposing fields were used with a portal area of @ x @ cm .', 'patients assigned to the test group arm additionally received enzyme tablets orally t.i.d. starting @ days prior to radiation therapy , and continuing up to @ days after completion of the course of radiation therapy .', 'patients in the control arm were not given any drug or placebo .', 'acute radiation side effects were described as mucositis , skin reaction , dysphagia , and were graded at each visit during and after radiation therapy , following rtog/eortc criteria .', 'the severity ( maximum extent ) of acute radiation therapy side effects was significantly less in enzyme-treated patients than in control patients : mucositis ( mean : @ vs @ , p < @ ) , skin reaction ( @ vs @ , p < @ ) and dysphagia ( @ vs @ , p < @ ) .', 'the duration of these side effects as well as the sum scores of side effects were also less in the study arm .', 'combination of enzyme therapy with conventional fractionated radiation therapy was feasible and well-tolerated .', 'there was significant protection against acute side effects of radiation therapy in the study arm .', 'not only was the severity of acute side effects less but the duration was shorter and the time to onset was also delayed .', 'prospective randomized double-blind studies would verify this role of an oral enzyme therapy as standard co-medication with radiation therapy to the head and neck region .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "although self-efficacy ( se ) and outcome expectancy ( oe ) have been well researched as predictors of outcome , few studies have investigated changes in these variables across treatments .", "we evaluated changes in oe and se throughout treatment as predictors of outcomes in a large sample with panic disorder , generalized anxiety disorder , social anxiety disorder , or posttraumatic stress disorder .", "we hypothesized that increases in se and oe would predict reductions in anxiety and depression as well as improvement in functioning .", "participants ( mean age = @ years , sd = @ , @ % female , @ % white ) were recruited from primary care centers throughout the united states and were randomized to receive either coordinated anxiety learning and management ( calm ) treatment - composed of cognitive behavioral therapy , psychotropic medication , or both - or usual care .", "se and oe ratings were collected at each session for participants in the calm treatment ( n = @ ) and were entered into a structural equation model as predictors of changes in brief symptom inventory , anxiety sensitivity index , patient health questionnaire ( phq ) , and sheehan disability scale outcomes at @ , @ , and @ months after baseline .", "the best-fitting models predict symptom levels from oe and se and not vice versa .", "the slopes and intercept of oe significantly predicted change in each outcome variable except phq-@ .", "the slope and intercept of se significantly predicted change in each outcome variable .", "over and above absolute level , increases in se and oe were significant predictors of decreases in symptoms and increases in functioning .", "implications for treatment are discussed , as well as future directions of research ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['although self-efficacy ( se ) and outcome expectancy ( oe ) have been well researched as predictors of outcome , few studies have investigated changes in these variables across treatments .', 'we evaluated changes in oe and se throughout treatment as predictors of outcomes in a large sample with panic disorder , generalized anxiety disorder , social anxiety disorder , or posttraumatic stress disorder .', 'we hypothesized that increases in se and oe would predict reductions in anxiety and depression as well as improvement in functioning .', 'participants ( mean age = @ years , sd = @ , @ % female , @ % white ) were recruited from primary care centers throughout the united states and were randomized to receive either coordinated anxiety learning and management ( calm ) treatment - composed of cognitive behavioral therapy , psychotropic medication , or both - or usual care .', 'se and oe ratings were collected at each session for participants in the calm treatment ( n = @ ) and were entered into a structural equation model as predictors of changes in brief symptom inventory , anxiety sensitivity index , patient health questionnaire ( phq ) , and sheehan disability scale outcomes at @ , @ , and @ months after baseline .', 'the best-fitting models predict symptom levels from oe and se and not vice versa .', 'the slopes and intercept of oe significantly predicted change in each outcome variable except phq-@ .', 'the slope and intercept of se significantly predicted change in each outcome variable .', 'over and above absolute level , increases in se and oe were significant predictors of decreases in symptoms and increases in functioning .', 'implications for treatment are discussed , as well as future directions of research .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle exercise with the concentration therapy versus pelvic floor muscle exercise alone after radical prostatectomy .", "one hundred thirty five patients were randomized into the intervention group that concentration therapy was added to kegel exercise , and control group that was kegel exercise only , using the stratified randomization ( stratified by taking the catheter off before and after discharge ) and type of surgery .", "incontinence was defined as a loss of urine equal or more than to @ grams in one-hour pad test , before and after the test in each sample group .", "follow-up results were obtained by phone visit at @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ weeks after surgery", "in the intervention group , @ of @ cases ( @ % ) had continence in three months , compared to @ of @ ( @ % ) in the control group , with significant statistical difference ( p-value < @ ) .", "the secondary result was the regularity in practicing .", "it was @ % in total .", "in the intervention group , @ of @ cases ( @ % ) practiced compared to @ of @ ( @ % ) in the control group , which was significant difference between the two groups .", "combined concentration therapy with kegel exercise had significantly improved continence after radical prostatectomy" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle exercise with the concentration therapy versus pelvic floor muscle exercise alone after radical prostatectomy .', 'one hundred thirty five patients were randomized into the intervention group that concentration therapy was added to kegel exercise , and control group that was kegel exercise only , using the stratified randomization ( stratified by taking the catheter off before and after discharge ) and type of surgery .', 'incontinence was defined as a loss of urine equal or more than to @ grams in one-hour pad test , before and after the test in each sample group .', 'follow-up results were obtained by phone visit at @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ weeks after surgery', 'in the intervention group , @ of @ cases ( @ % ) had continence in three months , compared to @ of @ ( @ % ) in the control group , with significant statistical difference ( p-value < @ ) .', 'the secondary result was the regularity in practicing .', 'it was @ % in total .', 'in the intervention group , @ of @ cases ( @ % ) practiced compared to @ of @ ( @ % ) in the control group , which was significant difference between the two groups .', 'combined concentration therapy with kegel exercise had significantly improved continence after radical prostatectomy']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the ability of sunscreen products to delay sun-induced skin erythema is indicated by the sun protection factor ( spf ) , which is measured using an internationally agreed sunscreen thickness of @ mg cm ( -@ ) .", "to determine the thickness of sunscreen used under practical conditions .", "in two double-blind randomized trials performed in five different places in europe in @ and @ , @ @ -- @-year-old students received either an spf @ or an spf @ sunscreen to be used during their summer holidays .", "complete , detailed data on quantities of sunscreen used and skin areas on to which sunscreen was applied were available for @ students .", "the median thickness of sunscreen applied was @ mg cm ( -@ ) .", "we found no variation in sunscreen thickness according to sex , skin phototype , study place or spf .", "our results indicate that most consumers do not benefit from the spf indicated on sunscreen bottles , and do not support the idea that thickness of sunscreen applied would be greater if these products were cheaper .", "we suggest that information on ability of a sunscreen product to prevent sunburn should be adapted in order to reflect actual usage patterns ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the ability of sunscreen products to delay sun-induced skin erythema is indicated by the sun protection factor ( spf ) , which is measured using an internationally agreed sunscreen thickness of @ mg cm ( -@ ) .', 'to determine the thickness of sunscreen used under practical conditions .', 'in two double-blind randomized trials performed in five different places in europe in @ and @ , @ @ -- @-year-old students received either an spf @ or an spf @ sunscreen to be used during their summer holidays .', 'complete , detailed data on quantities of sunscreen used and skin areas on to which sunscreen was applied were available for @ students .', 'the median thickness of sunscreen applied was @ mg cm ( -@ ) .', 'we found no variation in sunscreen thickness according to sex , skin phototype , study place or spf .', 'our results indicate that most consumers do not benefit from the spf indicated on sunscreen bottles , and do not support the idea that thickness of sunscreen applied would be greater if these products were cheaper .', 'we suggest that information on ability of a sunscreen product to prevent sunburn should be adapted in order to reflect actual usage patterns .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "awareness is a serious complication of general anesthesia .", "in china , the incidence of intraoperative awareness was @ % in patients undergoing total intravenous anesthesia ( tiva ) .", "in this study , we compared the incidence of awareness between bispectral index ( bis ) - guided and routine tiva protocol and evaluated the effect of bis on preventing awareness .", "a prospective , randomized , double-blinded , multicenter controlled trial was performed .", "patients ( @ years of age ) undergoing tiva were randomly divided into bis-guided group ( group a , bis was monitored and recommended to maintain between @ - @ ) and control group ( group b , bis was monitored but the screen was covered ) .", "the intraoperative bis values were downloaded and the bis trends of confirmed awareness cases were analyzed to determine whether light anesthesia existed .", "of the total @ patients , @ patients were assigned to group a and @ to group b. four cases of confirmed awareness ( @ % ) were reported in the bis-guided group and @ ( @ % ) in the control group ( p = @ , or = @ , @ % confidence intervals : @ - @ ) .", "the incidence of possible awareness ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) and dreaming ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) was comparable between bis-guided group and the control group .", "among the @ confirmed awareness cases , intraoperative bis trends of six cases were downloaded and identified .", "five of them showed signs of light anesthesia as bis > @ and lasted @ - @ minutes , whereas one case had a stable bis trend and the values were within @ during the operation .", "another five awareness cases were reviewed for anesthesia procedures , of which improper light anesthesia were confirmed .", "bis-guided tiva ( bis was recommended to maintain between @ - @ ) decreased the risk of awareness compared with routine tiva .", "the main reason for awareness was light anesthesia ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['awareness is a serious complication of general anesthesia .', 'in china , the incidence of intraoperative awareness was @ % in patients undergoing total intravenous anesthesia ( tiva ) .', 'in this study , we compared the incidence of awareness between bispectral index ( bis ) - guided and routine tiva protocol and evaluated the effect of bis on preventing awareness .', 'a prospective , randomized , double-blinded , multicenter controlled trial was performed .', 'patients ( @ years of age ) undergoing tiva were randomly divided into bis-guided group ( group a , bis was monitored and recommended to maintain between @ - @ ) and control group ( group b , bis was monitored but the screen was covered ) .', 'the intraoperative bis values were downloaded and the bis trends of confirmed awareness cases were analyzed to determine whether light anesthesia existed .', 'of the total @ patients , @ patients were assigned to group a and @ to group b. four cases of confirmed awareness ( @ % ) were reported in the bis-guided group and @ ( @ % ) in the control group ( p = @ , or = @ , @ % confidence intervals : @ - @ ) .', 'the incidence of possible awareness ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) and dreaming ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) was comparable between bis-guided group and the control group .', 'among the @ confirmed awareness cases , intraoperative bis trends of six cases were downloaded and identified .', 'five of them showed signs of light anesthesia as bis > @ and lasted @ - @ minutes , whereas one case had a stable bis trend and the values were within @ during the operation .', 'another five awareness cases were reviewed for anesthesia procedures , of which improper light anesthesia were confirmed .', 'bis-guided tiva ( bis was recommended to maintain between @ - @ ) decreased the risk of awareness compared with routine tiva .', 'the main reason for awareness was light anesthesia .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in abdominal surgery and in healthy volunteers , amino acids increased thermogenesis .", "in this double-blind study we investigated if a similar effect would ensue in heart surgery and accelerate the rewarming process postoperatively .", "thirty-four patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement were randomized into two groups , and received either @ ml of amino acids or ringer 's solution intravenously during @ h.", "the infusion was started approximately @ min before the end of a cardiopulmonary bypass ( cpb ) , performed at a temperature of @ degrees c with rewarming to @-@ degrees c.", "the lowest pulmonary artery ( pa ) temperature after the cpb and the time interval until the temperature reached @ degrees c were recorded .", "oxygen uptake was calculated from cardiac output ( thermodilution ) and the pulmonary av-difference of oxygen after induction of anaesthesia , at the end of surgery , and @ and @ h after the cpb .", "demographic data , medication including beta-blockers , cpb data and case mix were similar .", "the lowest temperature after the cpb was @ + / - @ degrees c in the amino acid group and @ + / - @ degrees c in the control group , and the increase per hour was @ + / - @ degrees c and @ + / - @ degrees c , respectively , with no differences between the groups .", "during the infusion , oxygen uptake was higher in the amino acid group , @ + / - @ ml m ( -@ ) , than in the controls , @ + / - @ ml m ( -@ ) ( p < @ ) .", "no adverse effects of the infusions were noted .", "the lack of a thermal effect of the amino acids in the heart surgery was most probably due to the temperature gradients between the different body compartments , and also may have been due to the use of beta-blockers ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['in abdominal surgery and in healthy volunteers , amino acids increased thermogenesis .', 'in this double-blind study we investigated if a similar effect would ensue in heart surgery and accelerate the rewarming process postoperatively .', \"thirty-four patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement were randomized into two groups , and received either @ ml of amino acids or ringer 's solution intravenously during @ h.\", 'the infusion was started approximately @ min before the end of a cardiopulmonary bypass ( cpb ) , performed at a temperature of @ degrees c with rewarming to @-@ degrees c.', 'the lowest pulmonary artery ( pa ) temperature after the cpb and the time interval until the temperature reached @ degrees c were recorded .', 'oxygen uptake was calculated from cardiac output ( thermodilution ) and the pulmonary av-difference of oxygen after induction of anaesthesia , at the end of surgery , and @ and @ h after the cpb .', 'demographic data , medication including beta-blockers , cpb data and case mix were similar .', 'the lowest temperature after the cpb was @ + / - @ degrees c in the amino acid group and @ + / - @ degrees c in the control group , and the increase per hour was @ + / - @ degrees c and @ + / - @ degrees c , respectively , with no differences between the groups .', 'during the infusion , oxygen uptake was higher in the amino acid group , @ + / - @ ml m ( -@ ) , than in the controls , @ + / - @ ml m ( -@ ) ( p < @ ) .', 'no adverse effects of the infusions were noted .', 'the lack of a thermal effect of the amino acids in the heart surgery was most probably due to the temperature gradients between the different body compartments , and also may have been due to the use of beta-blockers .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( lc ) and minilaparotomy cholecystectomy ( mc ) are the two most commonly performed mini-invasive surgical techniques for the treatment of symptomatic gallstone disease , but the long-term outcome after these two procedures has not been compared in prospective clinical trials .", "we therefore investigated the outcome after lc and mc in @ patients operated at kuopio university hospital .", "initially @ patients with uncomplicated symptomatic gallstones were randomised to mc ( n = @ ) or lc ( n = @ ) over a @-year period ( @-@ ) , and @ of them ( @ % ) , @/@ with mc and @/@ with lc , were reached for a follow-up interview @ ( @-@ @ ) years after the surgery .", "baseline and surgical parameters were similar in the two groups ; @/@ mcs and @/@ lcs were converted to open laparotomy .", "the prevalence of chronic post-surgical pain @ years after procedure was similar in the two groups : @/@ ( @ % ) in the mc group and @/@ ( @ % ) in the lc group ( p = @ ) .", "residual abdominal symptoms were common , but less frequent in the mc group ( @/@ ; @ % ) than in the lc group ( @/@ patients ; @ % ) ( p = @ ) .", "in the mc group @/@ ( @ % ) and @/@ ( @ % ) in the lc group ( p = @ ) were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome .", "our results suggest a relatively similar long-term outcome after mc and lc ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( lc ) and minilaparotomy cholecystectomy ( mc ) are the two most commonly performed mini-invasive surgical techniques for the treatment of symptomatic gallstone disease , but the long-term outcome after these two procedures has not been compared in prospective clinical trials .', 'we therefore investigated the outcome after lc and mc in @ patients operated at kuopio university hospital .', 'initially @ patients with uncomplicated symptomatic gallstones were randomised to mc ( n = @ ) or lc ( n = @ ) over a @-year period ( @-@ ) , and @ of them ( @ % ) , @/@ with mc and @/@ with lc , were reached for a follow-up interview @ ( @-@ @ ) years after the surgery .', 'baseline and surgical parameters were similar in the two groups ; @/@ mcs and @/@ lcs were converted to open laparotomy .', 'the prevalence of chronic post-surgical pain @ years after procedure was similar in the two groups : @/@ ( @ % ) in the mc group and @/@ ( @ % ) in the lc group ( p = @ ) .', 'residual abdominal symptoms were common , but less frequent in the mc group ( @/@ ; @ % ) than in the lc group ( @/@ patients ; @ % ) ( p = @ ) .', 'in the mc group @/@ ( @ % ) and @/@ ( @ % ) in the lc group ( p = @ ) were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome .', 'our results suggest a relatively similar long-term outcome after mc and lc .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine and compare efficacy , safety and optimal dose of two laxatives , liquid paraffin and lactulose , in @ children with chronic functional constipation .", "a total of @ children were treated with liquid paraffin and @ with lactulose for @ weeks and at an initial dose of @ ml/kg per day for both drugs .", "the dose was adjusted every @ days as required and a diary was kept to monitor dose , side-effects , stool frequency and consistency , and other symptoms .", "during first @ weeks , improvement in stool consistency and frequency was significantly higher in liquid the paraffin group ( p < @ and p < @ , respectively ) .", "improvement in the number of stools per week was also significantly higher in the liquid paraffin group during the last @ weeks of therapy ( p < @ ) .", "compliance rates averaged @ % in the liquid paraffin group and @ % in the lactulose group during the first @ weeks of therapy and @ % in the liquid paraffin group and @ % in the lactulose group during the last @ weeks of therapy ( chi ( @ ) = @ , sd = @ , p = @ ) .", "during the first @ weeks of therapy and during the last @ weeks of therapy , mostly side-effects and poor symptom control , respectively , influenced the compliance in the liquid paraffin group .", "liquid paraffin is more effective in the treatment of children with constipation .", "patients treated with liquid paraffin responded more rapidly than patients responding to lactulose and showed fewer side-effect .", "it is considered that late response and side-effects in conjunction with poor symptom control influence the patient compliance and the successful treatment of childhood constipation ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to determine and compare efficacy , safety and optimal dose of two laxatives , liquid paraffin and lactulose , in @ children with chronic functional constipation .', 'a total of @ children were treated with liquid paraffin and @ with lactulose for @ weeks and at an initial dose of @ ml/kg per day for both drugs .', 'the dose was adjusted every @ days as required and a diary was kept to monitor dose , side-effects , stool frequency and consistency , and other symptoms .', 'during first @ weeks , improvement in stool consistency and frequency was significantly higher in liquid the paraffin group ( p < @ and p < @ , respectively ) .', 'improvement in the number of stools per week was also significantly higher in the liquid paraffin group during the last @ weeks of therapy ( p < @ ) .', 'compliance rates averaged @ % in the liquid paraffin group and @ % in the lactulose group during the first @ weeks of therapy and @ % in the liquid paraffin group and @ % in the lactulose group during the last @ weeks of therapy ( chi ( @ ) = @ , sd = @ , p = @ ) .', 'during the first @ weeks of therapy and during the last @ weeks of therapy , mostly side-effects and poor symptom control , respectively , influenced the compliance in the liquid paraffin group .', 'liquid paraffin is more effective in the treatment of children with constipation .', 'patients treated with liquid paraffin responded more rapidly than patients responding to lactulose and showed fewer side-effect .', 'it is considered that late response and side-effects in conjunction with poor symptom control influence the patient compliance and the successful treatment of childhood constipation .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study sought to determine the extent to which key aspects of a clinical trial 's protocol were recalled by participants entering a clinical trial for alcohol and illicit substance-use treatment after standard informed-consent procedures , as well as to explore the possible relationships between recall , neuropsychological functioning , and substance-use outcomes .", "before entering a randomized clinical trial testing the effectiveness of a computer-based training version of cognitive-behavioral therapy , @ participants ( @ % male ) meeting criteria for current substance dependence ( according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , fourth edition ) completed a @-item true/false quiz that assessed their comprehension of basic information provided in the consent form .", "only @ % of participants correctly answered all @ consent quiz items .", "the percentage of correct recall was associated with measures of intelligence ( r = @ , p = @ ) and attention ( r = -@ , p = @ ) .", "quiz scores were also moderately associated with the amount of substance use during the treatment period ( r = -@ , p = @ ) .", "these findings highlight the importance of formally evaluating research participants ' understanding of the informed-consent process , and they call to attention the potential utility of a brief neuropsychological screening to identify individuals in need of enhanced consent procedures , particularly within vulnerable populations , such as substance users ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"this study sought to determine the extent to which key aspects of a clinical trial 's protocol were recalled by participants entering a clinical trial for alcohol and illicit substance-use treatment after standard informed-consent procedures , as well as to explore the possible relationships between recall , neuropsychological functioning , and substance-use outcomes .\", 'before entering a randomized clinical trial testing the effectiveness of a computer-based training version of cognitive-behavioral therapy , @ participants ( @ % male ) meeting criteria for current substance dependence ( according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , fourth edition ) completed a @-item true/false quiz that assessed their comprehension of basic information provided in the consent form .', 'only @ % of participants correctly answered all @ consent quiz items .', 'the percentage of correct recall was associated with measures of intelligence ( r = @ , p = @ ) and attention ( r = -@ , p = @ ) .', 'quiz scores were also moderately associated with the amount of substance use during the treatment period ( r = -@ , p = @ ) .', \"these findings highlight the importance of formally evaluating research participants ' understanding of the informed-consent process , and they call to attention the potential utility of a brief neuropsychological screening to identify individuals in need of enhanced consent procedures , particularly within vulnerable populations , such as substance users .\"]" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "angiogenic cell therapy by intramuscular injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells was first attempted in patients with peripheral artery disease ( pad ) with critical limb ischemia , and the feasibility was shown by a randomized controlled therapeutic angiogenesis by cell transplantation ( tact ) study .", "the present study was designed to assess the @-year safety and clinical outcomes of this angiogenic cell therapy by investigating the mortality and leg amputation-free interval as primary end points .", "the median follow-up time for surviving patients was @ months ( range , @-@ @ months ) , and @-year overall survival rates were @ % ( @ % ci @-@ ) in patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease ( @ died in @ patients ) and @ % ( no death ) in @ patients with thromboangiitis obliterans ( tao ; buerger 's disease ) .", "three-year amputation-free rate was @ % ( @ % ci @-@ ) in pad and @ % ( @ % ci @-@ ) in patients with tao .", "the multivariate analysis revealed that the severity of rest pain and repeated experience of bypass surgery were the prognostic factors negatively affecting amputation-free interval .", "the significant improvement in the leg pain scale , ulcer size , and pain-free walking distance was maintained during at least @ years after the therapy , although the ankle brachial index and transcutaneous oxygen pressure value did not significantly change .", "the angiogenic cell therapy using bone marrow mononuclear cells can induce a long-term improvement in limb ischemia , leading to extension of amputation-free interval .", "the safety and efficacy are not inferior to the conventional revascularization therapies ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['angiogenic cell therapy by intramuscular injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells was first attempted in patients with peripheral artery disease ( pad ) with critical limb ischemia , and the feasibility was shown by a randomized controlled therapeutic angiogenesis by cell transplantation ( tact ) study .', 'the present study was designed to assess the @-year safety and clinical outcomes of this angiogenic cell therapy by investigating the mortality and leg amputation-free interval as primary end points .', \"the median follow-up time for surviving patients was @ months ( range , @-@ @ months ) , and @-year overall survival rates were @ % ( @ % ci @-@ ) in patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease ( @ died in @ patients ) and @ % ( no death ) in @ patients with thromboangiitis obliterans ( tao ; buerger 's disease ) .\", 'three-year amputation-free rate was @ % ( @ % ci @-@ ) in pad and @ % ( @ % ci @-@ ) in patients with tao .', 'the multivariate analysis revealed that the severity of rest pain and repeated experience of bypass surgery were the prognostic factors negatively affecting amputation-free interval .', 'the significant improvement in the leg pain scale , ulcer size , and pain-free walking distance was maintained during at least @ years after the therapy , although the ankle brachial index and transcutaneous oxygen pressure value did not significantly change .', 'the angiogenic cell therapy using bone marrow mononuclear cells can induce a long-term improvement in limb ischemia , leading to extension of amputation-free interval .', 'the safety and efficacy are not inferior to the conventional revascularization therapies .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide ( cck-@ ) is an established model to generate subjective panic anxiety .", "cck-@ injection also results in consistent and dose-dependent rise of stress hormones .", "effects other than upon subjective panic and stress hormone activity have barely been examined .", "the purpose of the study was to investigate cck-@ effects on emotional facial expression and especially on fear relevant facial muscles establishing therewith a more objective method to measure subjective panic anxiety .", "@ healthy male subjects were randomly and double-blindedly assigned in two groups ( dose groups ) , each of which was investigated three times once with placebo and twice with @ g or @ g cck-@ respectively .", "subjects of each group were randomly assigned in two different balanced orders of investigations : cck-cck-placebo vs. placebo-cck-cck .", "facial muscle and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical ( hpa ) - axis activity were recorded .", "cck-@ led dose-dependently to an increase of panic anxiety , an activation of fear relevant facial muscles and a rise of stress hormones .", "whereas placebo administration before cck-@ revealed no significant panic and stress response , during placebo following cck-@ stimulations a psychophysiological conditioning effect could be observed without rise in hpa-axis activity .", "our findings indicate the possibility to measure different intensities of panic anxiety and conditioning effects with a facial emg method .", "dissociation of hpa-activity and fear relevant facial muscle activity is in accordance with former results about spontaneous panic attacks ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide ( cck-@ ) is an established model to generate subjective panic anxiety .', 'cck-@ injection also results in consistent and dose-dependent rise of stress hormones .', 'effects other than upon subjective panic and stress hormone activity have barely been examined .', 'the purpose of the study was to investigate cck-@ effects on emotional facial expression and especially on fear relevant facial muscles establishing therewith a more objective method to measure subjective panic anxiety .', '@ healthy male subjects were randomly and double-blindedly assigned in two groups ( dose groups ) , each of which was investigated three times once with placebo and twice with @ g or @ g cck-@ respectively .', 'subjects of each group were randomly assigned in two different balanced orders of investigations : cck-cck-placebo vs. placebo-cck-cck .', 'facial muscle and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical ( hpa ) - axis activity were recorded .', 'cck-@ led dose-dependently to an increase of panic anxiety , an activation of fear relevant facial muscles and a rise of stress hormones .', 'whereas placebo administration before cck-@ revealed no significant panic and stress response , during placebo following cck-@ stimulations a psychophysiological conditioning effect could be observed without rise in hpa-axis activity .', 'our findings indicate the possibility to measure different intensities of panic anxiety and conditioning effects with a facial emg method .', 'dissociation of hpa-activity and fear relevant facial muscle activity is in accordance with former results about spontaneous panic attacks .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "acute rejection is still a major problem in renal transplantation and is one of the most important causes of chronic graft dysfunction and late graft loss .", "selective immunosuppression with a humanized antibody against the alpha-chain of the interleukin ( il ) -@ receptor ( cd@ ) was evaluated to demonstrate the efficacy of this type of immunoprophylaxis in combination with dual immunosuppression .", "we studied the effect of daclizumab , a humanized monoclonal antibody against the alpha-chain of the il-@ receptor , in a randomized double-blind , prospective phase iii clinical trial in @ patients receiving a first cadaveric renal allograft .", "among them @ ( @ % ) in the placebo arm and @ ( @ % ) in the daclizumab arm received the full regimen of five doses ( @ mg/kg ) every other week .", "baseline immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine and corticosteroids .", "at @ months , @ ( @ % ) of the patients in the daclizumab group had biopsy-proven rejections , as compared with @ ( @ % ) in the placebo group ( p = @ ) .", "the need for additional antilymphocyte therapy , antithymocyte globulin , antilymphocyte globulin ( atg , alg , okt@ ) was also lower in the daclizumab group ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) , and they required significantly lower mean ( + / - sd ) cumulative doses of prednisone ( @ + / -@ mg vs. @ + / -@ mg in the placebo group , p = @ ) .", "graft function was significantly better ( p = @ ) in the daclizumab group ( graft function rate : @ vs. @ ml/min , mean ) as was patient survival ( p = @ , @ % vs. @ % ) .", "no specific adverse events were observed in daclizumab-treated patients .", "patients receiving daclizumab experienced fewer cytomegalovirus infections ( @ % vs. @ % ) , and none died from severe infectious complications , compared to four patients in the placebo arm .", "no patient in the daclizumab group had a lymphoproliferative disorder or any other form of immunosuppression-related tumor during the first year after transplant .", "administration of daclizumab in addition to dual immunosuppression therapy significantly reduced biopsy-proven acute rejection after renal transplantation , improved patient survival , and did not add to the toxicity of the immunosuppressive regimen ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['acute rejection is still a major problem in renal transplantation and is one of the most important causes of chronic graft dysfunction and late graft loss .', 'selective immunosuppression with a humanized antibody against the alpha-chain of the interleukin ( il ) -@ receptor ( cd@ ) was evaluated to demonstrate the efficacy of this type of immunoprophylaxis in combination with dual immunosuppression .', 'we studied the effect of daclizumab , a humanized monoclonal antibody against the alpha-chain of the il-@ receptor , in a randomized double-blind , prospective phase iii clinical trial in @ patients receiving a first cadaveric renal allograft .', 'among them @ ( @ % ) in the placebo arm and @ ( @ % ) in the daclizumab arm received the full regimen of five doses ( @ mg/kg ) every other week .', 'baseline immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine and corticosteroids .', 'at @ months , @ ( @ % ) of the patients in the daclizumab group had biopsy-proven rejections , as compared with @ ( @ % ) in the placebo group ( p = @ ) .', 'the need for additional antilymphocyte therapy , antithymocyte globulin , antilymphocyte globulin ( atg , alg , okt@ ) was also lower in the daclizumab group ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) , and they required significantly lower mean ( + / - sd ) cumulative doses of prednisone ( @ + / -@ mg vs. @ + / -@ mg in the placebo group , p = @ ) .', 'graft function was significantly better ( p = @ ) in the daclizumab group ( graft function rate : @ vs. @ ml/min , mean ) as was patient survival ( p = @ , @ % vs. @ % ) .', 'no specific adverse events were observed in daclizumab-treated patients .', 'patients receiving daclizumab experienced fewer cytomegalovirus infections ( @ % vs. @ % ) , and none died from severe infectious complications , compared to four patients in the placebo arm .', 'no patient in the daclizumab group had a lymphoproliferative disorder or any other form of immunosuppression-related tumor during the first year after transplant .', 'administration of daclizumab in addition to dual immunosuppression therapy significantly reduced biopsy-proven acute rejection after renal transplantation , improved patient survival , and did not add to the toxicity of the immunosuppressive regimen .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the successful recruitment and retention of participants is integral to the translation of research findings .", "we examined the recruitment and retention rates of racial/ethnic minority adolescents at a center involved in the national institutes of health obesity research for behavioral intervention trials ( orbit ) initiative by the @ recruitment strategies used : clinic , informatics , and community .", "during the @-month study , @ family dyads , each composed of an obese african american adolescent and a caregiver , enrolled in a @-month weight-loss intervention , a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial .", "we compared recruitment and retention rates by recruitment strategy and examined whether recruitment strategy was related to dyad baseline characteristics .", "of the @ enrolled families , @ ( @ % ) were recruited through clinics , @ ( @ % ) through informatics , and @ ( @ % ) through community .", "of those recruited through community , @ % enrolled in the study , compared with @ % through clinics and @ % through informatics .", "active refusal rate was @ % .", "of the @,@ families identified for the study , @ passively refused to participate : @ ( @ % ) identified through informatics , @ ( @ % ) through community , and @ ( @ % ) through clinics .", "recruitment strategy was not related to the age of the adolescent , adolescent comorbidities , body mass index of the adolescent or caregiver , income or education of the caregiver , or retention rates at @ months , @ months , or @ months .", "study retention rate was @ % .", "using multiple recruitment strategies is beneficial when working with racial/ethnic minority adolescents , and each strategy can yield good retention .", "research affiliated with health care systems would benefit from the continued specification , refinement , and dissemination of these strategies ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the successful recruitment and retention of participants is integral to the translation of research findings .', 'we examined the recruitment and retention rates of racial/ethnic minority adolescents at a center involved in the national institutes of health obesity research for behavioral intervention trials ( orbit ) initiative by the @ recruitment strategies used : clinic , informatics , and community .', 'during the @-month study , @ family dyads , each composed of an obese african american adolescent and a caregiver , enrolled in a @-month weight-loss intervention , a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial .', 'we compared recruitment and retention rates by recruitment strategy and examined whether recruitment strategy was related to dyad baseline characteristics .', 'of the @ enrolled families , @ ( @ % ) were recruited through clinics , @ ( @ % ) through informatics , and @ ( @ % ) through community .', 'of those recruited through community , @ % enrolled in the study , compared with @ % through clinics and @ % through informatics .', 'active refusal rate was @ % .', 'of the @,@ families identified for the study , @ passively refused to participate : @ ( @ % ) identified through informatics , @ ( @ % ) through community , and @ ( @ % ) through clinics .', 'recruitment strategy was not related to the age of the adolescent , adolescent comorbidities , body mass index of the adolescent or caregiver , income or education of the caregiver , or retention rates at @ months , @ months , or @ months .', 'study retention rate was @ % .', 'using multiple recruitment strategies is beneficial when working with racial/ethnic minority adolescents , and each strategy can yield good retention .', 'research affiliated with health care systems would benefit from the continued specification , refinement , and dissemination of these strategies .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the pharmacokinetics of orally administered bambuterol were investigated in healthy adult subjects , with particular regard to time to steady state , pharmacokinetic linearity , intraindividual variability for the parent drug and its active beta@-adrenergic metabolite terbutaline and bioequivalence between tablet and solution .", "twenty-six healthy caucasian subjects were included and @ ( @ women ) completed this open , randomised , crossover study .", "racemic bambuterol hydrochloride was administered orally as @ mg , @ mg , and @ + @ mg tablets , and as a solution once daily for @ weeks at about @ h. plasma concentrations and urinary recoveries of bambuterol and terbutaline were measured after single doses and during repeated treatments .", "absorption of bambuterol was biphasic .", "the initial rate could not be assessed directly , but it was faster than that during the second phase where absorption was rate-limiting for elimination ( mean terminal half-life : @ h ) .", "steady-state auc ( @,@ h ) of bambuterol , reached within @ week , was not dose-linear .", "mean terminal half-life of terbutaline was @ h and steady-state was reached within one week of bambuterol treatment .", "contrary to bambuterol , overall pharmacokinetics of terbutaline indicated dose-linearity .", "day-to-day intraindividual variation in auc ( @,@ h ) of terbutaline , @ % with the tablet , was half that of bambuterol .", "urine data indicated that intraindividual variability was slightly smaller with the solution .", "tablets were bioequivalent with the solution with regard to terbutaline ( @ % confidence interval : @-@ % ) .", "with oral bambuterol steady state was reached within @ week .", "regarding generated terbutaline , pharmacokinetics judged to be were linear , intraindividual variability of auc at steady state was on average @ % with the tablet , and tablets were bioequivalent with the solution ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the pharmacokinetics of orally administered bambuterol were investigated in healthy adult subjects , with particular regard to time to steady state , pharmacokinetic linearity , intraindividual variability for the parent drug and its active beta@-adrenergic metabolite terbutaline and bioequivalence between tablet and solution .', 'twenty-six healthy caucasian subjects were included and @ ( @ women ) completed this open , randomised , crossover study .', 'racemic bambuterol hydrochloride was administered orally as @ mg , @ mg , and @ + @ mg tablets , and as a solution once daily for @ weeks at about @ h. plasma concentrations and urinary recoveries of bambuterol and terbutaline were measured after single doses and during repeated treatments .', 'absorption of bambuterol was biphasic .', 'the initial rate could not be assessed directly , but it was faster than that during the second phase where absorption was rate-limiting for elimination ( mean terminal half-life : @ h ) .', 'steady-state auc ( @,@ h ) of bambuterol , reached within @ week , was not dose-linear .', 'mean terminal half-life of terbutaline was @ h and steady-state was reached within one week of bambuterol treatment .', 'contrary to bambuterol , overall pharmacokinetics of terbutaline indicated dose-linearity .', 'day-to-day intraindividual variation in auc ( @,@ h ) of terbutaline , @ % with the tablet , was half that of bambuterol .', 'urine data indicated that intraindividual variability was slightly smaller with the solution .', 'tablets were bioequivalent with the solution with regard to terbutaline ( @ % confidence interval : @-@ % ) .', 'with oral bambuterol steady state was reached within @ week .', 'regarding generated terbutaline , pharmacokinetics judged to be were linear , intraindividual variability of auc at steady state was on average @ % with the tablet , and tablets were bioequivalent with the solution .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "ximelagatran is a novel direct thrombin inhibitor that can be administered as a fixed oral dose , without the need for anticoagulant monitoring .", "we undertook a pooled analysis of @ patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation from the stroke prevention using oral thrombin inhibitor in atrial fibrillation iii and v trials to compare bleeding outcomes in patients who received ximelagatran , @ mg twice daily , or warfarin sodium ( target international normalized ratio , @-@ @ ) .", "we determined annual risk of bleeding ( any , major ) , case-fatality rate , time course and anatomic sites of major bleeding , and risk factors for major bleeding with ximelagatran and warfarin treatment .", "annual incidence of any bleeding was @ % with ximelagatran and @ % with warfarin ( relative risk reduction , @ % ; @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , @-@ @ ; p < @ ) .", "annual incidence of major bleeding was @ % with ximelagatran and @ % with warfarin ( relative risk reduction , @ % ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "case-fatality rate of bleeding was comparable in ximelagatran - and warfarin-treated patients ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) .", "cumulative incidence of major bleeding was higher with warfarin than ximelagatran after @ months of treatment ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) .", "anatomic sites of bleeding were comparable with both treatments .", "risk factors for bleeding with ximelagatran were as follows ( hazard ratios and @ % cis in parentheses ) : diabetes mellitus ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p = @ ) , previous stroke or transient ischemic attack ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p = @ ) , age @ years or greater ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p < @ ) , and aspirin use ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "risk factors for bleeding in warfarin-treated patients were previous liver disease ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p = @ ) ; aspirin use ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p < @ ) ; and age @ years or greater ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "treatment with ximelagatran , @ mg twice daily , is associated with a lower risk of bleeding than warfarin in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation .", "aspirin use and increasing age were associated with an increased risk of bleeding in ximelagatran - and warfarin-treated patients ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['ximelagatran is a novel direct thrombin inhibitor that can be administered as a fixed oral dose , without the need for anticoagulant monitoring .', 'we undertook a pooled analysis of @ patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation from the stroke prevention using oral thrombin inhibitor in atrial fibrillation iii and v trials to compare bleeding outcomes in patients who received ximelagatran , @ mg twice daily , or warfarin sodium ( target international normalized ratio , @-@ @ ) .', 'we determined annual risk of bleeding ( any , major ) , case-fatality rate , time course and anatomic sites of major bleeding , and risk factors for major bleeding with ximelagatran and warfarin treatment .', 'annual incidence of any bleeding was @ % with ximelagatran and @ % with warfarin ( relative risk reduction , @ % ; @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , @-@ @ ; p < @ ) .', 'annual incidence of major bleeding was @ % with ximelagatran and @ % with warfarin ( relative risk reduction , @ % ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .', 'case-fatality rate of bleeding was comparable in ximelagatran - and warfarin-treated patients ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) .', 'cumulative incidence of major bleeding was higher with warfarin than ximelagatran after @ months of treatment ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) .', 'anatomic sites of bleeding were comparable with both treatments .', 'risk factors for bleeding with ximelagatran were as follows ( hazard ratios and @ % cis in parentheses ) : diabetes mellitus ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p = @ ) , previous stroke or transient ischemic attack ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p = @ ) , age @ years or greater ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p < @ ) , and aspirin use ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .', 'risk factors for bleeding in warfarin-treated patients were previous liver disease ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p = @ ) ; aspirin use ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p < @ ) ; and age @ years or greater ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .', 'treatment with ximelagatran , @ mg twice daily , is associated with a lower risk of bleeding than warfarin in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation .', 'aspirin use and increasing age were associated with an increased risk of bleeding in ximelagatran - and warfarin-treated patients .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "glucose , the conventional osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) solutions , may contribute to atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia and increased cardiovascular risk .", "to determine whether a low-glucose pd regimen may improve the serum lipid and lipoprotein profile in patients with diabetes .", "a prospective , open-label , parallel group , multinational , randomized , controlled trial with a @-month follow-up , comprising @ patients with diabetes receiving pd .", "patients were randomized to a low-glucose pd regimen ( dextrose-based pd solution plus icodextrin , a starch polymer , and amino acids ) or a conventional pd regimen ( dextrose pd solutions ) .", "serum lipid and apolipoprotein profiles were determined at baseline and @ and @ months .", "serum triglycerides , very low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol , and apolipoprotein b ( apob ) decreased significantly in the intervention group at both @ and @ months compared with baseline ( serum triglycerides : median change at @ months -@ mmol/l , p < @ , at @ months -@ mmol/l , p < @ ; very low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol : -@ mg/dl , p < @ ; -@ mg/dl , p < @ ; and apob : -@ mg/dl , p < @ ; -@ mg/dl , p = @ , respectively ) and also compared with the control group .", "in contrast , apob levels increased significantly in the control group at @ and @ months compared with baseline ( @ mg/dl , p = @ ; @ mg/dl , p = @ , respectively ) .", "percentage of patients on lipid-lowering medications at baseline and intensity of therapy was equivalent in each group .", "the apob decrease was not affected by lipid-lowering medications in the intervention group .", "a low glucose-pd regimen significantly improved the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype compared with pd patients treated with a conventional glucose regimen ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['glucose , the conventional osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) solutions , may contribute to atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia and increased cardiovascular risk .', 'to determine whether a low-glucose pd regimen may improve the serum lipid and lipoprotein profile in patients with diabetes .', 'a prospective , open-label , parallel group , multinational , randomized , controlled trial with a @-month follow-up , comprising @ patients with diabetes receiving pd .', 'patients were randomized to a low-glucose pd regimen ( dextrose-based pd solution plus icodextrin , a starch polymer , and amino acids ) or a conventional pd regimen ( dextrose pd solutions ) .', 'serum lipid and apolipoprotein profiles were determined at baseline and @ and @ months .', 'serum triglycerides , very low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol , and apolipoprotein b ( apob ) decreased significantly in the intervention group at both @ and @ months compared with baseline ( serum triglycerides : median change at @ months -@ mmol/l , p < @ , at @ months -@ mmol/l , p < @ ; very low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol : -@ mg/dl , p < @ ; -@ mg/dl , p < @ ; and apob : -@ mg/dl , p < @ ; -@ mg/dl , p = @ , respectively ) and also compared with the control group .', 'in contrast , apob levels increased significantly in the control group at @ and @ months compared with baseline ( @ mg/dl , p = @ ; @ mg/dl , p = @ , respectively ) .', 'percentage of patients on lipid-lowering medications at baseline and intensity of therapy was equivalent in each group .', 'the apob decrease was not affected by lipid-lowering medications in the intervention group .', 'a low glucose-pd regimen significantly improved the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype compared with pd patients treated with a conventional glucose regimen .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate whether paracetamol ( @ mg/kg rectally ) relieves pain in infants delivered by vacuum extraction , and improves clinical condition .", "prospective , randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled study .", "infants delivered by vacuum extraction were randomised either to the study group ( n = @ ) and given paracetamol or to the control group ( n = @ ) receiving placebo .", "pain assessment was performed by a validated pain score and by scoring the clinical condition .", "both scores and clinical symptoms in these groups were compared with symptoms in a reference group ( n = @ ) with uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery in vertex position without vacuum extraction .", "pain score did not differ between groups ; clinical condition in the study group improved only after the first dose .", "there was a significant difference ( p < @ ) in objective clinical symptoms in the vacuum extraction groups , compared to the reference group .", "one dose of paracetamol given to neonates delivered by vacuum extraction significantly improved their clinical condition , but did not result in a significant change in objective pain scores .", "subsequent doses of paracetamol did not show any effect on the clinical symptoms or appearance of the neonates studied ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate whether paracetamol ( @ mg/kg rectally ) relieves pain in infants delivered by vacuum extraction , and improves clinical condition .', 'prospective , randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled study .', 'infants delivered by vacuum extraction were randomised either to the study group ( n = @ ) and given paracetamol or to the control group ( n = @ ) receiving placebo .', 'pain assessment was performed by a validated pain score and by scoring the clinical condition .', 'both scores and clinical symptoms in these groups were compared with symptoms in a reference group ( n = @ ) with uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery in vertex position without vacuum extraction .', 'pain score did not differ between groups ; clinical condition in the study group improved only after the first dose .', 'there was a significant difference ( p < @ ) in objective clinical symptoms in the vacuum extraction groups , compared to the reference group .', 'one dose of paracetamol given to neonates delivered by vacuum extraction significantly improved their clinical condition , but did not result in a significant change in objective pain scores .', 'subsequent doses of paracetamol did not show any effect on the clinical symptoms or appearance of the neonates studied .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "protocol @ of the aids clinical trials group is a multicenter , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of zidovudine ( @ ' - azido-@ ' - deoxythymidine ; formerly azt ) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected asymptomatic individuals .", "the initial results in the stratum of subjects entering with cd@ + cell counts of @ x @ ( @ ) / l or less have been reported , but without a detailed analysis of toxic effects .", "this detailed and updated report analyzes the toxic effects that occurred in @ subjects ( @ % men ; @ % white ) in this stratum of protocol @ who received placebo ( @ subjects ) , a @-mg daily dose of zidovudine ( @ subjects ) , or a @-mg daily dose of zidovudine ( @ subjects ) .", "hematologic , hepatic , and renal effects and patient-reported symptoms and clinical signs were monitored .", "severe anemia ( hemoglobin level , < @ g/l ) was associated with both the @-mg zidovudine group and the @-mg group compared with placebo .", "the estimated @-month risks of severe anemia were @ % , @ % , and @ % for the placebo , @-mg zidovudine , and @-mg zidovudine groups , respectively .", "predictive baseline measures were lower hemoglobin level in the @-mg group and the two zidovudine groups combined and lower platelet count in the @-mg zidovudine group .", "the risk of a first severe anemia developing was greatest in months @ through @ of treatment .", "of the @ subjects with severe anemia in the zidovudine groups , @ ( @ % ) progressed from mild anemia ( hemoglobin level , @ to @ g/l ) to severe anemia on consecutive visits ( usually @ to @ weeks apart ) .", "severe neutropenia ( absolute neutrophil count , < @ x @ ( @ ) / l ) did not occur significantly more often in the @-mg zidovudine group but did in the @-mg zidovudine group .", "moderate neutropenia ( absolute neutrophil count , < @ x @ ( @ ) / l ) did develop significantly more often in the @-mg zidovudine group ( @ subjects ) than in the placebo group ( @ subjects ) .", "mild ( or worse ) elevations of bilirubin levels were uncommon but occurred more often with zidovudine .", "severe nausea ( and/or vomiting ) was rare ( @ % of subjects ) but was associated with zidovudine .", "milder patient-reported events were common , and a number were associated with zidovudine .", "zidovudine at the @-mg/d dosage appears to be tolerable in many patients with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection and cd@ + cell counts of @ x @ ( @ ) / l or less .", "increased clinical surveillance for anemia may be warranted in certain patients ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"protocol @ of the aids clinical trials group is a multicenter , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of zidovudine ( @ ' - azido-@ ' - deoxythymidine ; formerly azt ) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected asymptomatic individuals .\", 'the initial results in the stratum of subjects entering with cd@ + cell counts of @ x @ ( @ ) / l or less have been reported , but without a detailed analysis of toxic effects .', 'this detailed and updated report analyzes the toxic effects that occurred in @ subjects ( @ % men ; @ % white ) in this stratum of protocol @ who received placebo ( @ subjects ) , a @-mg daily dose of zidovudine ( @ subjects ) , or a @-mg daily dose of zidovudine ( @ subjects ) .', 'hematologic , hepatic , and renal effects and patient-reported symptoms and clinical signs were monitored .', 'severe anemia ( hemoglobin level , < @ g/l ) was associated with both the @-mg zidovudine group and the @-mg group compared with placebo .', 'the estimated @-month risks of severe anemia were @ % , @ % , and @ % for the placebo , @-mg zidovudine , and @-mg zidovudine groups , respectively .', 'predictive baseline measures were lower hemoglobin level in the @-mg group and the two zidovudine groups combined and lower platelet count in the @-mg zidovudine group .', 'the risk of a first severe anemia developing was greatest in months @ through @ of treatment .', 'of the @ subjects with severe anemia in the zidovudine groups , @ ( @ % ) progressed from mild anemia ( hemoglobin level , @ to @ g/l ) to severe anemia on consecutive visits ( usually @ to @ weeks apart ) .', 'severe neutropenia ( absolute neutrophil count , < @ x @ ( @ ) / l ) did not occur significantly more often in the @-mg zidovudine group but did in the @-mg zidovudine group .', 'moderate neutropenia ( absolute neutrophil count , < @ x @ ( @ ) / l ) did develop significantly more often in the @-mg zidovudine group ( @ subjects ) than in the placebo group ( @ subjects ) .', 'mild ( or worse ) elevations of bilirubin levels were uncommon but occurred more often with zidovudine .', 'severe nausea ( and/or vomiting ) was rare ( @ % of subjects ) but was associated with zidovudine .', 'milder patient-reported events were common , and a number were associated with zidovudine .', 'zidovudine at the @-mg/d dosage appears to be tolerable in many patients with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection and cd@ + cell counts of @ x @ ( @ ) / l or less .', 'increased clinical surveillance for anemia may be warranted in certain patients .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "age and stroke severity are major determinants of stroke outcomes , but systematically incorporating these prognosticators in the routine practice of acute ischemic stroke can be challenging .", "we evaluated the effect of an index combining age and stroke severity on response to iv tissue plasminogen activator ( tpa ) among patients in the national institute of neurological disorders and stroke ( ninds ) tpa stroke trials .", "we created the stroke prognostication using age and nih stroke scale ( span ) index by combining age in years plus nih stroke scale ( nihss ) @ .", "we applied the span-@ index to patients in the ninds tpa stroke trials ( parts i and ii ) to evaluate its ability to predict clinical response and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage ( ich ) after thrombolysis .", "the main outcome measures included ich ( any type ) and a composite favorable outcome ( defined as a modified rankin scale score of @ or @ , nihss @ , barthel index @ , and glasgow outcome scale score of @ ) at @ months .", "bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between span-@ and outcomes of interest .", "among @ patients in the ninds trials , @ ( @ % ) participants were span-@ positive .", "among those receiving tpa , ich rates were higher for span-@-positive patients ( @ % vs @ % in span-@-negative patients ; p < @ ) ; similarly , ich rates were higher in span-@-positive patients ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) among those not receiving tpa .", "span-@ was associated with worse outcomes .", "the benefit of tpa , defined as favorable composite outcome at @ months , was present in span-@-negative patients ( @ % vs @ % ; p < @ ) , but not in span-@-positive patients ( @ % tpa vs @ % ; p = @ ) .", "similar trends were found for secondary outcomes ( e.g. , symptomatic ich , catastrophic outcome , discharge home ) .", "the span-@ index could be a simple method for estimating the clinical response and risk of hemorrhagic complications after tpa for acute ischemic stroke .", "these results need further confirmation in larger contemporary datasets ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['age and stroke severity are major determinants of stroke outcomes , but systematically incorporating these prognosticators in the routine practice of acute ischemic stroke can be challenging .', 'we evaluated the effect of an index combining age and stroke severity on response to iv tissue plasminogen activator ( tpa ) among patients in the national institute of neurological disorders and stroke ( ninds ) tpa stroke trials .', 'we created the stroke prognostication using age and nih stroke scale ( span ) index by combining age in years plus nih stroke scale ( nihss ) @ .', 'we applied the span-@ index to patients in the ninds tpa stroke trials ( parts i and ii ) to evaluate its ability to predict clinical response and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage ( ich ) after thrombolysis .', 'the main outcome measures included ich ( any type ) and a composite favorable outcome ( defined as a modified rankin scale score of @ or @ , nihss @ , barthel index @ , and glasgow outcome scale score of @ ) at @ months .', 'bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between span-@ and outcomes of interest .', 'among @ patients in the ninds trials , @ ( @ % ) participants were span-@ positive .', 'among those receiving tpa , ich rates were higher for span-@-positive patients ( @ % vs @ % in span-@-negative patients ; p < @ ) ; similarly , ich rates were higher in span-@-positive patients ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) among those not receiving tpa .', 'span-@ was associated with worse outcomes .', 'the benefit of tpa , defined as favorable composite outcome at @ months , was present in span-@-negative patients ( @ % vs @ % ; p < @ ) , but not in span-@-positive patients ( @ % tpa vs @ % ; p = @ ) .', 'similar trends were found for secondary outcomes ( e.g. , symptomatic ich , catastrophic outcome , discharge home ) .', 'the span-@ index could be a simple method for estimating the clinical response and risk of hemorrhagic complications after tpa for acute ischemic stroke .', 'these results need further confirmation in larger contemporary datasets .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "retinaldehyde has been shown to exert antibacterial activity in vitro .", "this study evaluates the effect of retinaldehyde on propionibacterium acnes both in vivo and in vitro .", "microbial minimal inhibitory concentrations ( mics ) of retinaldehyde and retinoic acid were determined on reference strains of p. acnes .", "in vivo activity of daily topical application of @ % retinaldehyde on the p. acnes density was evaluated after application in a single-blind randomised study .", "mics of retinaldehyde were @ mg/l for p. acnes no .", "cip@ and cip@ and @ mg/l for p. acnes no .", "cip@ .", "in contrast , the mics of retinoic acid were superior to @ mg/l for these three strains .", "in vivo , retinaldehyde-treated areas displayed a significant decrease in counts of viable p. acnes as compared with the untreated areas with a median decrease of @ ( @ ) log p. acnes/cm ( @ ) after @ weeks of daily application .", "vehicle alone had no effect .", "the mic of retinaldehyde against p. acnes suggests a direct antibacterial activity .", "daily topical application of @ % retinaldehyde is associated with a clear reduction of the p. acnes density ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['retinaldehyde has been shown to exert antibacterial activity in vitro .', 'this study evaluates the effect of retinaldehyde on propionibacterium acnes both in vivo and in vitro .', 'microbial minimal inhibitory concentrations ( mics ) of retinaldehyde and retinoic acid were determined on reference strains of p. acnes .', 'in vivo activity of daily topical application of @ % retinaldehyde on the p. acnes density was evaluated after application in a single-blind randomised study .', 'mics of retinaldehyde were @ mg/l for p. acnes no .', 'cip@ and cip@ and @ mg/l for p. acnes no .', 'cip@ .', 'in contrast , the mics of retinoic acid were superior to @ mg/l for these three strains .', 'in vivo , retinaldehyde-treated areas displayed a significant decrease in counts of viable p. acnes as compared with the untreated areas with a median decrease of @ ( @ ) log p. acnes/cm ( @ ) after @ weeks of daily application .', 'vehicle alone had no effect .', 'the mic of retinaldehyde against p. acnes suggests a direct antibacterial activity .', 'daily topical application of @ % retinaldehyde is associated with a clear reduction of the p. acnes density .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "uk general practitioners ( gps ) refer patients with common mental disorders to community mental health nurses .", "to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this practice .", "randomised trial with three arms : usual gp care , generic mental health nurse care , and care from nurses trained in problem-solving treatment ; @ gps in @ practices referred @ adult patients with new episodes of anxiety , depression and life difficulties , to @ nurses .", "there were @ ( @ % ) and @ ( @ % ) patients followed up at @ and @ weeks respectively .", "no significant differences between groups were found in effectiveness at either point .", "mean differences in clinical interview schedule - revised scores at @ weeks compared with gp care were -@ ( @ % ci -@ to @ ) for generic nurse care , and @ ( -@ to @ ) for nurse problem-solving .", "satisfaction was significantly higher in both nurse-treated groups .", "mean extra costs per patient were @ pound ( @ % ci@-@ ) for generic nurse care , and @ pound ( @-@ ) for nurse problem-solving treatment .", "gps should not refer unselected patients with common mental disorders to specialist nurses .", "problem-solving should be reserved for patients who have not responded to initial gp care ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['uk general practitioners ( gps ) refer patients with common mental disorders to community mental health nurses .', 'to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this practice .', 'randomised trial with three arms : usual gp care , generic mental health nurse care , and care from nurses trained in problem-solving treatment ; @ gps in @ practices referred @ adult patients with new episodes of anxiety , depression and life difficulties , to @ nurses .', 'there were @ ( @ % ) and @ ( @ % ) patients followed up at @ and @ weeks respectively .', 'no significant differences between groups were found in effectiveness at either point .', 'mean differences in clinical interview schedule - revised scores at @ weeks compared with gp care were -@ ( @ % ci -@ to @ ) for generic nurse care , and @ ( -@ to @ ) for nurse problem-solving .', 'satisfaction was significantly higher in both nurse-treated groups .', 'mean extra costs per patient were @ pound ( @ % ci@-@ ) for generic nurse care , and @ pound ( @-@ ) for nurse problem-solving treatment .', 'gps should not refer unselected patients with common mental disorders to specialist nurses .', 'problem-solving should be reserved for patients who have not responded to initial gp care .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "data suggest that esomeprazole decreases gastric secretion .", "to assess the effect of a single i.v. esomeprazole dose on gastric secretion volume @ h after drug administration , as a primary endpoint , and to evaluate , as secondary endpoints , the reduction @ and @ h after dosing ; time when the gastric ph was < @ and esomeprazole 's safety .", "in all , @ healthy helicobacter pylori-negative volunteers ( @ men , @ women , mean age @ + / - @ ) participated in this single-centre , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , @-way , single-dose cross-over study .", "in different sessions , volunteers received i.v. either esomeprazole @ mg or placebo .", "an inserted double-lumen nasogastric tube perfused and aspirated gastric liquid .", "mechanical fractioned aspiration measured secretion volume ; aliquot spectrophotometry assessed gastric secretion volume lost to the duodenum .", "three hours post-i.v. esomeprazole , average gastric secretion decreased by @ % ( vs. baseline ) compared to placebo .", "values @ and @ h after dosing were @ % and @ % .", "five hours after esomeprazole , the gastric ph was < @ @ % of the time and @ % after placebo ( p < @ ) .", "esomeprazole was well-tolerated .", "no serious adverse events occurred .", "intravenous esomeprazole decreases gastric secretions .", "the potential clinical impact in averting bronchoaspiration during anaesthesia induction and in intensive care patients should be investigated in further studies ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['data suggest that esomeprazole decreases gastric secretion .', \"to assess the effect of a single i.v. esomeprazole dose on gastric secretion volume @ h after drug administration , as a primary endpoint , and to evaluate , as secondary endpoints , the reduction @ and @ h after dosing ; time when the gastric ph was < @ and esomeprazole 's safety .\", 'in all , @ healthy helicobacter pylori-negative volunteers ( @ men , @ women , mean age @ + / - @ ) participated in this single-centre , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , @-way , single-dose cross-over study .', 'in different sessions , volunteers received i.v. either esomeprazole @ mg or placebo .', 'an inserted double-lumen nasogastric tube perfused and aspirated gastric liquid .', 'mechanical fractioned aspiration measured secretion volume ; aliquot spectrophotometry assessed gastric secretion volume lost to the duodenum .', 'three hours post-i.v. esomeprazole , average gastric secretion decreased by @ % ( vs. baseline ) compared to placebo .', 'values @ and @ h after dosing were @ % and @ % .', 'five hours after esomeprazole , the gastric ph was < @ @ % of the time and @ % after placebo ( p < @ ) .', 'esomeprazole was well-tolerated .', 'no serious adverse events occurred .', 'intravenous esomeprazole decreases gastric secretions .', 'the potential clinical impact in averting bronchoaspiration during anaesthesia induction and in intensive care patients should be investigated in further studies .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "leukotriene receptor antagonists ( ltras ) are effective for prophylactic treatment of pollinosis based on studies showing that administration of ltras prior to or at the start of the pollen season reduces symptoms and qol disturbance at the peak of pollen dispersal .", "two goals of prophylactic treatment of pollinosis are use of fewer types of drugs and delay of onset of symptoms and impairement of qol .", "therefore , this study was performed to determine if pranlukast , a ltra , met these goals in treatment of pollinosis .", "pranlukast or placebo was administered to patients who visited our hospital immediately before the start of japanese cedar pollen dispersal .", "the study was performed for @ weeks as a double blind randomized trial .", "subsequently , all patients were given pranlukast for a further @ weeks from the peak until the end of pollen dispersal .", "the incidence of symptoms and use of concomitant drugs were investigated from daily nasal allergy records kept by patients .", "qol was evaluated using the jrqlq questionnaire .", "in the double blind period of the study , the percentage of patients who used concomitant drugs for nasal symptoms was significantly lower in the pranlukast group compared to the placebo group .", "development of nasal symptoms ( sneezing , runny nose and nasal congestion ) and disturbance of daily activities were significantly delayed in the pranlukast group .", "no serious adverse reactions occurred in the pranlukast group and no patient withdrew from treatment with pranlukast .", "pranlukast is effective for prophylactic treatment of pollinosis ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['leukotriene receptor antagonists ( ltras ) are effective for prophylactic treatment of pollinosis based on studies showing that administration of ltras prior to or at the start of the pollen season reduces symptoms and qol disturbance at the peak of pollen dispersal .', 'two goals of prophylactic treatment of pollinosis are use of fewer types of drugs and delay of onset of symptoms and impairement of qol .', 'therefore , this study was performed to determine if pranlukast , a ltra , met these goals in treatment of pollinosis .', 'pranlukast or placebo was administered to patients who visited our hospital immediately before the start of japanese cedar pollen dispersal .', 'the study was performed for @ weeks as a double blind randomized trial .', 'subsequently , all patients were given pranlukast for a further @ weeks from the peak until the end of pollen dispersal .', 'the incidence of symptoms and use of concomitant drugs were investigated from daily nasal allergy records kept by patients .', 'qol was evaluated using the jrqlq questionnaire .', 'in the double blind period of the study , the percentage of patients who used concomitant drugs for nasal symptoms was significantly lower in the pranlukast group compared to the placebo group .', 'development of nasal symptoms ( sneezing , runny nose and nasal congestion ) and disturbance of daily activities were significantly delayed in the pranlukast group .', 'no serious adverse reactions occurred in the pranlukast group and no patient withdrew from treatment with pranlukast .', 'pranlukast is effective for prophylactic treatment of pollinosis .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "high-intensity ( high-pressure and high backup rate ) noninvasive ventilation has recently been advocated for the management of stable hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) .", "however , the relative contributions of high inspiratory pressure and high backup rate to ventilator adherence and physiological outcome have not been investigated .", "patients with stable hypercapnic copd ( daytime paco ( @ ) > @ kpa ) and nocturnal hypoventilation were enrolled .", "patients were randomly allocated to high-pressure and high backup rate ( high-intensity ) and high-pressure and low backup rate ( high-pressure ) for a @-week period .", "at the end of the first treatment period , patients were switched to the alternative treatment .", "the primary outcome measure was mean nightly ventilator usage .", "twelve patients were recruited , with seven completing the @-week trial protocol .", "the mean patient age was @ @ years , with a forced expiratory volume in one second ( fev ( @ ) ) / forced vital capacity ( fvc ) of @ % @ % and fev ( @ ) of @ % @ % .", "the baseline paco ( @ ) and pao ( @ ) were @ @ kpa and @ @ kpa , respectively .", "there was no significant difference demonstrated in mean nightly ventilator usage between the high-intensity and high-pressure groups ( difference of @ minutes ; @ % confidence interval -@ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "furthermore , there were no differences in any of the secondary endpoints , with the exception of the respiratory domain of the severe respiratory insufficiency questionnaire , which was lower in the high-intensity arm than in the high-pressure arm ( @ @ versus @ @ ; p < @ ) .", "there was no additional benefit , in terms of night-time ventilator adherence or any of the other measured parameters , demonstrated by addition of a high backup rate to high-pressure noninvasive ventilation .", "these data suggest that it is the high-pressure component of the high-intensity noninvasive ventilation approach that plays the important therapeutic role in the management of hypercapnic respiratory failure in copd patients ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['high-intensity ( high-pressure and high backup rate ) noninvasive ventilation has recently been advocated for the management of stable hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) .', 'however , the relative contributions of high inspiratory pressure and high backup rate to ventilator adherence and physiological outcome have not been investigated .', 'patients with stable hypercapnic copd ( daytime paco ( @ ) > @ kpa ) and nocturnal hypoventilation were enrolled .', 'patients were randomly allocated to high-pressure and high backup rate ( high-intensity ) and high-pressure and low backup rate ( high-pressure ) for a @-week period .', 'at the end of the first treatment period , patients were switched to the alternative treatment .', 'the primary outcome measure was mean nightly ventilator usage .', 'twelve patients were recruited , with seven completing the @-week trial protocol .', 'the mean patient age was @ @ years , with a forced expiratory volume in one second ( fev ( @ ) ) / forced vital capacity ( fvc ) of @ % @ % and fev ( @ ) of @ % @ % .', 'the baseline paco ( @ ) and pao ( @ ) were @ @ kpa and @ @ kpa , respectively .', 'there was no significant difference demonstrated in mean nightly ventilator usage between the high-intensity and high-pressure groups ( difference of @ minutes ; @ % confidence interval -@ to @ ; p = @ ) .', 'furthermore , there were no differences in any of the secondary endpoints , with the exception of the respiratory domain of the severe respiratory insufficiency questionnaire , which was lower in the high-intensity arm than in the high-pressure arm ( @ @ versus @ @ ; p < @ ) .', 'there was no additional benefit , in terms of night-time ventilator adherence or any of the other measured parameters , demonstrated by addition of a high backup rate to high-pressure noninvasive ventilation .', 'these data suggest that it is the high-pressure component of the high-intensity noninvasive ventilation approach that plays the important therapeutic role in the management of hypercapnic respiratory failure in copd patients .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]