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a) all lands required by the appropriate authority
Statute
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shall,unless it is otherwise determined in such scheme,vest absolutely in the appropriate authority free from all encumbrances; (b) all rights in the original plots which have been re-constituted into final plots shall determine and the final plots shall become subject to the rights settled by the Town Planning Officer
Statute
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68 -Power of appropriate authority to evict summarily On and after the date on which a preliminary scheme comes into force,any person continuing to occupy any land which he is not entitled to occupy under the preliminary scheme
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shall,in accordance with the prescribed procedure,be summarily evicted by the appropriate authority
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Rules 26(1),26(3) and 33 of the Rules read as under: "26.Procedure to be followed by Town Planning Officer u/s.51 and under sub-s.(1) of s.52 - (1
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For the purpose of preparing the preliminary scheme and final scheme the Town Planning Officer shall give notice in Form H of the date on which he will commence his duties and shall state the time,as provided in Rule 37 within which the owner of any property or right which is injuriously affected by the making of a Town Planning Scheme shall be entitled u/s.82 to make a claim before him
Statute
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Such notice shall be published in the Official Gazette and in one or more Gujarati newspapers circulated within the area of the appropriate authority and shall be pasted in prominent places at or near the areas comprised in the scheme and at the office of the Town Planning Officer
Statute
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The Town Planning Officer shall,before proceeding to deal with the matters specified in section 52,publish a notice in Form H in the Official Gazette and in one or more Gujarati newspapers circulating within the area of the appropriate authority
Statute
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Such notice shall specify the matters which are proposed to be decided by the Town Planning Officer and State that all persons who are interested in the plots or are affected by any of the matters specified in the notice shall communicate in writing their objections to the Town Planning Officer within a period of twenty days from the publication of notice in the Official Gazette
Statute
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Such notice shall also be posted at the officer of the Town Planning Officer and of the appropriate authority and the substance of such notice shall be pasted at convenient places in the said locality
Statute
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33.Procedure for eviction u/s.68.- (1
Statute
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For eviction under section 68,the appropriate authority shall follow the following procedure,viz
Statute
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a) The appropriate authority shall in the first instance serve a notice upon a person to be evicted requiring him,within such reasonable time as may be specified in the notice,to vacate the land
Statute
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b) If the person to be evicted fails to comply with the requirement of the notice,the appropriate authority shall depute any Officer or Servant to remove him
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c
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If the person to be evicted resists or obstructs the officer or Servant deputed u/cl.(b) or
Statute
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if he re-occupies the land after eviction
Statute
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the appropriate authority shall prosecute him under s.188 of the Indian Penal Code
Statute
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Before embarking upon the rival contentions,we may also notice that the provisions of the Bombay Town Planning Rules,1955
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for short "the Bombay Rules") are in pari materia with 'the Rules
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Rule 21 of the Bombay Rules provides for the Procedure to be followed by the Town Planning Officer
Statute
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It makes it obligatory on the part of the officer to give notice of the date on which he will commence his duties and shall state therein the time,within which the owner of any property or rights which is injuriously affected by the making of the town planning scheme shall be advertised in one or more newspapers published in the regional language and circulating within the jurisdiction of the local authority and shall be posted in prominent places at or near the area comprised in the scheme and at the office of the Town Planning Officer
Statute
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Sub-Rule (3) of Rule 21 of the Bombay Rules provides for serving of a Special notice of at least three clear days' upon the person interested in any plot or in any particular area comprised in the scheme,before the Town Planning Officer proceeds to deal in detail with the portion of the scheme relating thereto
Statute
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Sub-Rule (4) makes it imperative upon the Town Planning Officer to "give all persons affected by any particular of the scheme sufficient opportunity of stating their views and shall not give any decision till he has duly considered their representations,if any".Sub-Rule (5) provides for recording a brief minute setting out the points at issue and the necessary particulars if during the proceedings,it appears to the Town Planning Officer that there are conflicting claims or any difference of opinion with regard to any part of the scheme
Statute
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Rules 26 of the Rules do not contemplate service of individual notice
Statute
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It prescribes service of notice in Form H.A copy of the notice in the said Form is kept at the office of the Town Planning Officer during office hours
Statute
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Any person affected by the proposal of the Town Planning Scheme is entitled to inspect the Scheme in the office where arrangements for explaining the scheme proposals are made
Statute
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It furthermore provides that any person entitled to claim damages in terms of S.82 of the Act should communicate the details of his claim to the Town Planning Officer
Statute
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S.81 of the Act enables the State to transfer of right from original to final plot or extinction of such right
Statute
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A Town Planning Scheme,therefore,envisages calling for objection from the persons concerned for three purposes: "(i) in regard to draft scheme; (ii) lodging of any claim for payment of compensation; (iii) participation in the matter of allotment of final plots
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We may,however,notice that Rule 21 of the Bombay Rules provides for notice under Sub-rule (3) thereof and a reasonable opportunity of hearing under Sub-Rule (5) thereof
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Sub-rule (3) of Rule 21 of the Bombay Rules provides for issuance of a special notice upon the person interested in any plot or in any particular plot comprised in the Scheme
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We may also take notice of the decision of this Court in Mansukhlal Jadavji
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Darji1991 Indlaw SC 975 (supra) wherein this Court opined that Sub-rule (3) of Rule 21 of the Bombay Rules was mandatory in nature,subject,of course,to the condition that on the crucial date,viz.,when the Town Planning Scheme is notified in the official gazette,he,whether an owner or tenant or sub-tenant,must be in possession of the property
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In Jaswantsingh Mathurasingh1991 Indlaw SC 972 (supra),it was reiterated that a tenant or a sub-tenant is a person interested and is entitled to notice
Precedent
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In that context,it was held: "The question is whether the tenant or a sub-tenant is a person interested and is entitled to notice
Precedent
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It is obvious that u/s.105 of Transfer of Property Act,a lease creates right or an interest in enjoyment of the demised property and a tenant or a sub-tenant is entitled to remain in possession of the demised property until the lease is duly terminated and eviction takes place in accordance with law
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Therefore,a tenant or a sub-tenant in possession of a tenement in the Town Planning Scheme is a person interested within the meaning of Rules 21(3) and (4) of the Rules
Precedent
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But he must be in possession of the property on the crucial date i.e.when
Precedent
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the Town Planning Scheme is notified in the official Gazette
Precedent
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Every owner or tenant or a sub-tenant,in possession on that date alone shall be entitled to a notice and opportunity
Precedent
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Rule 21(3),however,of the Bombay Rules has been amended in tune with Rule 26 of the Rules
Statute
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Amended rules are in pari materia with Rule 26 of the Rules
Statute
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Appellant was a tenant in respect of plot No.17/8.Plot No.17/7 was not a plot contiguous thereto
Facts
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They were separated not only by a road but also by various other plots
Facts
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It is also not in dispute that the appellant filed an objection in regard to the draft scheme but did not eventually pursue the same
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The draft scheme was approved.867 sq.m.of land had been acquired for public purpose out of the said plot No.17/8.While the proceedings relating to allotment of final plot were in progress,he even did not file any objection thereto
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If he intended to claim any interest in a portion of plot No.17/8 either for the purpose of obtaining compensation for acquisition of a part of the land or to continue to have possession over 200 sq.m.of land in plot No.17/8,it was obligatory on his part to take part in the proceedings
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Whether irrespective of Rule 26 of the Rules which prescribes for issuance of a general public notice,any special notice upon the appellant was required to be served by the State or by the authority,in our opinion,cannot be gone into by us in these proceedings for the first time
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Validity of Rule 26 of the Rules had never been questioned
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It had also not been contended that the said Rule is ultra vires S.52 of the Act
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A person interested in continuing to keep possession over a property and/ or a part of the amount of compensation must lay his claim before the appropriate authority at the appropriate stage
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If in absence of any such claim filed by the appellant,the authorities have proceeded to finalise allotment of final plot in favour of the respondent Nos.3 and 4 herein,it is too late in the day to contend that the entire scheme should be re-opened
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We would consider the effect of Sub-s.(3) of S.65 of the Act a little later,but,we may at this juncture notice that the respondent No.3 in whose favour plot No.165 has been allotted which includes 200 sq.m.of land purported to be in possession of the appellant had nothing to do with the dispute between the appellant and his landlord the respondent no.4.Respondent No.4 was in possession of a contiguous plot
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Respondent No.4 was owner of both plot
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Nos.17/7 and 17/8.He was,therefore,in his own right entitled to final allotment of some plot
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We would,however,assume that it was obligatory on the part of the State to serve a special notice upon the appellant
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The question,however,would be : what would be the consequence of non-compliance thereof vis-'-vis the conduct of the appellant himself
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A person may waive a right either expressly or by necessary implication
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He may in a given case disentitle himself from obtaining an equitable relief particularly when he allows a thing to come to an irreversible situation
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Different statutes provide for different manner of service of notice
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The Bangalore Development Authority Act,1976 provides that every person whose name appears in the assessment list or land revenue records shall be served with notice.[See Sureshchandra C.Mehta v
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State of Karnataka and Others 1994 Supp (2) SCC 511 1993 Indlaw SC 538
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In West Bengal Housing Board etc.v
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Brijendra Prasad Gupta and Others,etc.[AIR 1997 SC 2745],it was opined that the authority is not required to make a roaming enquiry as to who is the person entitled to notice
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We have referred to the said decisions only to show that the requirements in regard to the manner of service of notice varies from statute to statute and there exists a difference between the Bombay Rules and the Rules
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We are,however,not unmindful of the fact that a statute of town planning ex facie is not a statute for acquisition of a property
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An owner of a plot is asked to part therewith only for providing for better facilities of which he would also be a beneficiary
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Every step taken by the State does not involve application of the doctrine of eminent domain
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In this case,the appellant did not oppose the draft scheme
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It accepted that the State had a right to do so
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Existence of a public purpose and increase in the valuation of the property was admitted
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There exists a distinction in the Action of the planning authority as regards vesting of a property in it and one so as to enable it to create a third party interest vis-'-vis for the purpose of re-allotment thereof
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In the former case,the vesting of the land may be held to be an act of acquisition,whereas in the latter,it would be distribution of certain benefits having regard to the purpose sought to be achieved by a statute involving town planning
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It was on that legal principle,this Court in State of Gujarat v
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Shantilal Mangaldas & Ors.[1969 (3) SCR 341 1969 Indlaw SC
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254],opined that when a development is made,the owner of the property gets much more than what would have he got,if the same remained undeveloped in the process as by reason thereof he gets the benefit of living in a developed town having good town planning
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S.67 of the Act provides that all lands required by the appropriate authority shall,unless it is otherwise determined in such scheme,vest absolutely in the appropriate authority free from all encumbrances with effect from the date on which the preliminary scheme comes into force
Statute
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What would be the quantum of payment of compensation therefor is also provided in S.82 of the Act
Statute
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It is in the aforementioned situation,a claim is to be made before the authority whenever a notice in Form H is published
Statute
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If a claim is not filed,the person,who is said to be injuriously affected,does so at its own peril
Statute
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Had such a claim been filed,the authority before making final allotment could have considered the competing claims wherefor a large number of factors were required to be taken into consideration,viz.,the location of the land,the area of the land,the nature of right,etc
Statute
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When a statute makes an elaborate provision as regards the formalities required to be undergone at every stage by the local authority,the State Government and other authorities concerned in preparing and making the final Town Planning Scheme,the same should be considered to be exhaustively.[Maneklal Chhotalal
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Ors.v
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M.G.Makwana & Ors.[(1967) 3 SCR 65 1967 Indlaw SC 138
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In Maneklal Chhotalal1967
Precedent
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Indlaw SC 138 (supra),it was held: "Therefore,having due regard to the substantive and procedural aspects,we are satisfied that the Act imposes only reasonable restrictions,in which case,it is saved u/art.19(5) of the Constitution
Precedent
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The considerations referred to above will also show that the grievance of the petitioners that Art.14 is violated,is also not acceptable
Precedent
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See also Bhikhubhai Vithlabhai Patel & Ors.v
Precedent
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State of Gujarat & Anr.2008 (4) SCALE 278 2008 Indlaw SC 527
Precedent
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We are,however,not oblivious that in a given situation,a question may also arise as to whether the restrictions imposed by a statute are reasonable or not
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It is not a case where the State by its acts of omissions and commissions was unjustly enriching itself
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It was a dispute between two private parties as regards the right to obtain final allotment; the principles underlying the same are not in dispute
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What is in dispute is the distribution of quantum thereof between two competing claimants,viz.,landlord and tenant
Ratio of the decision
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We do not mean to say that under no circumstances the appellant was entitled to allotment of a portion of the property or mandatory compensation in lieu thereof from the landlord
Ratio of the decision
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But,we intend to emphasise that he has lost his right to enforce the same in a public law forum
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He has no enforceable claim against the State at this juncture
Ratio of the decision
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He may pursue his claim only against the respondent No.4 in an appropriate proceedings wherein for certain purposes the State or the authorities may also be impleaded as a party
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Even if he had a claim he would be deemed to have waived the same for the reasons stated hereinafter
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It is not in dispute that: "(a) Appellant although filed an objection with regard to the draft scheme,did not choose to pursue it
Ratio of the decision
Analyze the sentence and predict in which semantic role (Arguments, Precedent, Statutes, Facts, Ratio Decidendi, Ruling of Lower Court, Ruling of Present Court) does this come under in Indian legal context