Datasets:

DFKI-SLT
/

fabner

id stringlengths 1 4	tokens sequencelengths 3 199	ner_tags sequencelengths 3 199
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54	[ "However", ",", "research", "on", "this", "topic", "has", "been", "restricted", "mainly", "to", "near-net", "shaping", "of", "relatively", "low", "melting", "temperature", "metals", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 29, 31, 0, 0 ]
55	[ "Here", "it", "is", "proposed", "a", "novel", "approach", "to", "jet", "molten", "metals", "at", "high-temperatures", "(", ">", "1000", "°C", ")", "to", "enable", "the", "direct", "digital", "additive", "fabrication", "of", "micro-", "to", "macro-scale", "objects", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 7, 0, 28, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
56	[ "The", "technique", "used", "in", "our", "research", "–", "“", "MetalJet", "”", "-", "is", "discussed", "by", "studying", "the", "ejection", "and", "the", "deposition", "of", "two", "example", "metals", ",", "tin", "and", "silver", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0 ]
57	[ "The", "applicability", "of", "this", "new", "technology", "to", "additive", "manufacturing", "is", "evaluated", "through", "the", "study", "of", "the", "interface", "formed", "between", "the", "droplets", "and", "the", "substrate", ",", "the", "inter-droplets", "bonding", ",", "the", "microstructure", "and", "the", "geometrical", "fidelity", "of", "the", "printed", "objects", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 5, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 37, 39, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
58	[ "The", "research", "shows", "that", "the", "integrity", "of", "the", "samples", "(", "in", "terms", "of", "density", "as", "well", "as", "metallurgy", ")", "varies", "dramatically", "in", "the", "two", "investigated", "materials", "due", "to", "the", "different", "conditions", "that", "are", "required", "to", "melt", "the", "interface", "of", "the", "stacked", "droplets", "." ]	[ 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 24, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0 ]
59	[ "Nevertheless", "the", "research", "shows", "that", "by", "a", "careful", "choice", "of", "the", "jetting", "strategy", "and", "sintering", "treatments", "3D", "structures", "of", "various", "complexity", "can", "be", "formed", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 8, 0, 37, 39, 0, 0, 40, 0, 4, 0, 0 ]
60	[ "This", "research", "paves", "the", "way", "towards", "the", "next", "generation", "metal", "additive", "manufacturing", "where", "various", "printing", "resolutions", "and", "multi-material", "capabilities", "could", "be", "used", "to", "obtain", "functional", "components", "for", "applications", "in", "printed", "electronics", ",", "medicine", "and", "the", "automotive", "sectors", "." ]	[ 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 37, 39, 0, 0, 0, 37, 39, 0, 40, 0, 0, 13, 15, 0 ]
61	[ "Metal", "additive", "manufacturing", "(", "AM", ")", "as", "an", "emerging", "manufacturing", "technique", "has", "been", "gradually", "accepted", "to", "manufacture", "end-use", "components", "." ]	[ 5, 6, 7, 0, 8, 0, 4, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 12, 0 ]
62	[ "However", ",", "one", "of", "the", "most", "critical", "issues", "preventing", "its", "broad", "applications", "is", "build", "failure", "resulting", "from", "residual", "stress", "accumulation", "in", "manufacturing", "process", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 25, 27, 0, 0, 21, 23, 0, 0, 5, 7, 0 ]
63	[ "The", "goal", "of", "this", "work", "is", "to", "investigate", "the", "feasibility", "of", "using", "topology", "optimization", "to", "design", "support", "structure", "to", "mitigate", "residual", "stress", "induced", "build", "failure", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 17, 19, 0, 20, 0, 40, 0, 0, 21, 23, 0, 25, 27, 0 ]
64	[ "To", "make", "topology", "optimization", "computationally", "tractable", ",", "the", "inherent", "strain", "method", "is", "employed", "to", "perform", "fast", "prediction", "of", "residual", "stress", "in", "an", "AM", "build", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 17, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 21, 23, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0 ]
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66	[ "The", "objective", "for", "the", "optimization", "is", "to", "minimize", "the", "mass", "of", "sacrificial", "support", "structure", "under", "stress", "constraint", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 17, 19, 0, 24, 0, 0 ]
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69	[ "The", "support", "structure", "after", "optimization", "can", "achieve", "a", "weight", "reduction", "of", "approximately", "60", "%", "." ]	[ 0, 17, 19, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 32, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
70	[ "The", "components", "with", "optimized", "support", "structures", "no", "longer", "suffer", "from", "stress-induced", "cracking", "after", "the", "designs", "are", "realized", "by", "AM", ",", "which", "proves", "the", "effectiveness", "of", "the", "proposed", "method", "." ]	[ 0, 12, 0, 0, 17, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 37, 39, 0, 0, 20, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
71	[ "Additive", "friction", "stir", "deposition", "(", "AFSD", ")", "is", "an", "emerging", "solid-state", "metal", "additive", "manufacturing", "technology", "renowned", "for", "strong", "interface", "adhesion", "and", "isotropic", "mechanical", "properties", "." ]	[ 4, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 24, 0, 24, 0, 40, 0 ]
72	[ "This", "is", "postulated", "to", "result", "from", "the", "material", "flow", "phenomena", "near", "the", "interface", ",", "but", "experimental", "corroboration", "has", "remained", "absent", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
73	[ "Here", ",", "we", "seek", "to", "understand", "the", "interface", "formed", "in", "AFSD", "via", "morphological", "and", "microstructural", "investigation", ",", "wherein", "the", "non-planar", "interfacial", "morphology", "is", "characterized", "on", "the", "track-scale", "(", "centimeter", "scale", ")", "using", "X-ray", "computed", "tomography", "and", "the", "material", "deformation", "history", "is", "explored", "by", "microstructure", "mapping", "at", "the", "interfacial", "regions", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 25, 26, 27, 0, 0, 4, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
74	[ "X-ray", "computed", "tomography", "reveals", "unique", "3D", "features", "at", "the", "interface", "with", "significant", "macroscopic", "material", "mixing", "." ]	[ 25, 26, 27, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 40, 0, 40, 0 ]
75	[ "In", "the", "out-of-plane", "direction", ",", "the", "deposited", "material", "inserts", "below", "the", "initial", "substrate", "surface", "in", "the", "feed-rod", "zone", ",", "while", "the", "substrate", "surface", "surges", "upwards", "in", "the", "tool", "protrusion-affected", "zone", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 12, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0 ]
76	[ "Complex", "3D", "structures", "like", "fins", "and", "serrations", "form", "on", "the", "advancing", "side", ",", "leading", "to", "structural", "interlocking", ";", "on", "the", "retreating", "side", ",", "the", "interface", "manifests", "as", "a", "smooth", "sloped", "surface", "." ]	[ 0, 37, 39, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0 ]
77	[ "Microstructure", "mapping", "reveals", "a", "uniform", "thermomechanical", "history", "for", "the", "deposited", "material", ",", "which", "develops", "a", "homogeneous", ",", "almost", "fully", "recrystallized", "microstructure", "." ]	[ 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 8, 40, 0 ]
78	[ "The", "substrate", "surface", "develops", "partially", "recrystallized", "microstructures", "that", "are", "location-dependent", ";", "more", "intra-granular", "orientation", "gradients", "are", "found", "in", "the", "regions", "further", "away", "from", "the", "centerline", "of", "the", "deposition", "track", "." ]	[ 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 8, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0 ]
79	[ "From", "these", "observations", ",", "we", "discuss", "the", "mechanisms", "for", "interfacial", "material", "flow", "and", "interface", "morphology", "formation", "during", "AFSD", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
80	[ "Embedded", "electronics", "and", "sensors", "are", "becoming", "increasingly", "important", "for", "the", "development", "of", "Industry", "4.0", "." ]	[ 33, 35, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 33, 35, 0 ]
81	[ "For", "small", "components", ",", "space", "constraints", "lead", "to", "full", "3D", "integration", "requirements", "that", "are", "only", "achievable", "through", "Additive", "Manufacturing", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 37, 39, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 7, 0 ]
82	[ "Manufacturing", "metal", "components", "usually", "require", "high", "temperatures", "incompatible", "with", "electronics", "but", "Ultrasonic", "Additive", "Manufacturing", "(", "UAM", ")", "can", "produce", "components", "with", "mechanical", "properties", "close", "to", "bulk", ",", "but", "with", "the", "integration", "of", "internal", "embedded", "electronics", ",", "sensors", "or", "optics", "." ]	[ 8, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 32, 0, 0, 40, 0, 5, 6, 7, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 37, 39, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 33, 35, 0, 12, 0, 16, 0 ]
83	[ "This", "paper", "describes", "a", "novel", "manufacturing", "route", "for", "embedding", "electronics", "with", "3D", "via", "connectors", "in", "an", "aluminium", "matrix", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0 ]
84	[ "Metal", "foils", "with", "printed", "conductors", "and", "insulators", "were", "prepared", "separately", "from", "the", "UAM", "process", "thereby", "separating", "the", "electronics", "preparation", "from", "the", "part", "consolidation", "." ]	[ 4, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 40, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 37, 39, 0 ]
85	[ "A", "dual", "material", "polymer", "layer", "exhibited", "the", "best", "electrically", "insulating", "properties", ",", "while", "providing", "mechanical", "protection", "of", "printed", "conductive", "tracks", "stable", "up", "to", "100", "°C", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 4, 0, 32, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 16, 0, 0, 9, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
86	[ "General", "design", "and", "UAM", "process", "recommendations", "are", "given", "for", "3D", "embedded", "electronics", "in", "a", "metal", "matrix", "." ]	[ 0, 20, 0, 8, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 40, 0, 0, 37, 39, 0 ]
87	[ "Functionally", "graded", "metals", "fabricated", "using", "high-temperature", "additive", "manufacturing", "can", "form", "intermetallics", "that", "fracture", "during", "printing", "due", "to", "thermal", "stresses", "generated", "by", "the", "heat", "source", "." ]	[ 1, 2, 3, 40, 0, 0, 5, 7, 0, 0, 4, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 21, 23, 0, 0, 0, 37, 39, 0 ]
88	[ "To", "address", "this", "problem", ",", "we", "introduce", "a", "new", "class", "of", "non-equilibrium", "phase", "diagrams", ",", "termed", "Scheil", "Ternary", "Projection", "(", "STeP", ")", "diagrams", ",", "for", "designing", "optimal", "composition", "gradients", "that", "avoid", "brittle", "phases", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 37, 38, 39, 0, 0, 37, 38, 39, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 37, 39, 0, 0, 24, 0, 0 ]
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90	[ "We", "present", "the", "results", "of", "3D", "modeling", "of", "the", "laser", "and", "electron", "beam", "powder", "bed", "fusion", "process", "at", "the", "mesoscale", "with", "an", "in-house", "developed", "advanced", "multiphysical", "numerical", "tool", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 36, 0, 37, 39, 0, 5, 7, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0 ]
91	[ "The", "hydrodynamics", "and", "thermal", "conductivity", "core", "of", "the", "tool", "is", "based", "on", "the", "lattice", "Boltzmann", "method", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 0, 21, 23, 12, 0, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0 ]
92	[ "The", "numerical", "tool", "takes", "into", "account", "the", "random", "distributions", "of", "powder", "particles", "by", "size", "in", "a", "layer", "and", "the", "propagation", "of", "the", "laser", "(", "electron", "beam", ")", "with", "a", "full", "ray", "tracing", "(", "Monte", "Carlo", ")", "model", "that", "includes", "multiple", "reflections", ",", "phase", "transitions", ",", "thermal", "conductivity", ",", "and", "detailed", "liquid", "dynamics", "of", "the", "molten", "metal", ",", "influenced", "by", "evaporation", "of", "the", "metal", "and", "the", "recoil", "pressure", "." ]	[ 0, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 36, 0, 37, 39, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 21, 23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0 ]
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Dataset Card for FabNER

Dataset Summary

FabNER is a manufacturing text corpus of 350,000+ words for Named Entity Recognition. It is a collection of abstracts obtained from Web of Science through known journals available in manufacturing process science research. For every word, there were categories/entity labels defined, namely Material (MATE), Manufacturing Process (MANP), Machine/Equipment (MACEQ), Application (APPL), Features (FEAT), Mechanical Properties (PRO), Characterization (CHAR), Parameters (PARA), Enabling Technology (ENAT), Concept/Principles (CONPRI), Manufacturing Standards (MANS) and BioMedical (BIOP). Annotation was performed in all categories along with the output tag in 'BIOES' format: B=Beginning, I-Intermediate, O=Outside, E=End, S=Single.

For details about the dataset, please refer to the paper: "FabNER": information extraction from manufacturing process science domain literature using named entity recognition

Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

More Information Needed

Languages

The language in the dataset is English.

Dataset Structure

Data Instances

Size of downloaded dataset files: 3.79 MB
Size of the generated dataset: 6.27 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows:

{
  "id": "0", 
  "tokens": ["Revealed", "the", "location-specific", "flow", "patterns", "and", "quantified", "the", "speeds", "of", "various", "types", "of", "flow", "."], 
  "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 46, 49, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
}

Data Fields

fabner

id: the instance id of this sentence, a string feature.
tokens: the list of tokens of this sentence, a list of string features.
ner_tags: the list of entity tags, a list of classification labels.

{"O": 0, "B-MATE": 1, "I-MATE": 2, "O-MATE": 3, "E-MATE": 4, "S-MATE": 5, "B-MANP": 6, "I-MANP": 7, "O-MANP": 8, "E-MANP": 9, "S-MANP": 10, "B-MACEQ": 11, "I-MACEQ": 12, "O-MACEQ": 13, "E-MACEQ": 14, "S-MACEQ": 15, "B-APPL": 16, "I-APPL": 17, "O-APPL": 18, "E-APPL": 19, "S-APPL": 20, "B-FEAT": 21, "I-FEAT": 22, "O-FEAT": 23, "E-FEAT": 24, "S-FEAT": 25, "B-PRO": 26, "I-PRO": 27, "O-PRO": 28, "E-PRO": 29, "S-PRO": 30, "B-CHAR": 31, "I-CHAR": 32, "O-CHAR": 33, "E-CHAR": 34, "S-CHAR": 35, "B-PARA": 36, "I-PARA": 37, "O-PARA": 38, "E-PARA": 39, "S-PARA": 40, "B-ENAT": 41, "I-ENAT": 42, "O-ENAT": 43, "E-ENAT": 44, "S-ENAT": 45, "B-CONPRI": 46, "I-CONPRI": 47, "O-CONPRI": 48, "E-CONPRI": 49, "S-CONPRI": 50, "B-MANS": 51, "I-MANS": 52, "O-MANS": 53, "E-MANS": 54, "S-MANS": 55, "B-BIOP": 56, "I-BIOP": 57, "O-BIOP": 58, "E-BIOP": 59, "S-BIOP": 60}

fabner_bio

id: the instance id of this sentence, a string feature.
tokens: the list of tokens of this sentence, a list of string features.
ner_tags: the list of entity tags, a list of classification labels.

{"O": 0, "B-MATE": 1, "I-MATE": 2, "B-MANP": 3, "I-MANP": 4, "B-MACEQ": 5, "I-MACEQ": 6, "B-APPL": 7, "I-APPL": 8, "B-FEAT": 9, "I-FEAT": 10, "B-PRO": 11, "I-PRO": 12, "B-CHAR": 13, "I-CHAR": 14, "B-PARA": 15, "I-PARA": 16, "B-ENAT": 17, "I-ENAT": 18, "B-CONPRI": 19, "I-CONPRI": 20, "B-MANS": 21, "I-MANS": 22, "B-BIOP": 23, "I-BIOP": 24}

fabner_simple

id: the instance id of this sentence, a string feature.
tokens: the list of tokens of this sentence, a list of string features.
ner_tags: the list of entity tags, a list of classification labels.

{"O": 0, "MATE": 1, "MANP": 2, "MACEQ": 3, "APPL": 4, "FEAT": 5, "PRO": 6, "CHAR": 7, "PARA": 8, "ENAT": 9, "CONPRI": 10, "MANS": 11, "BIOP": 12}

text2tech

id: the instance id of this sentence, a string feature.
tokens: the list of tokens of this sentence, a list of string features.
ner_tags: the list of entity tags, a list of classification labels.

{"O": 0, "Technological System": 1, "Method": 2, "Material": 3, "Technical Field": 4}

Data Splits

	Train	Dev	Test
fabner	9435	2183	2064

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

More Information Needed

Source Data

Initial Data Collection and Normalization

More Information Needed

Who are the source language producers?

More Information Needed

Annotations

Considerations for Using the Data

Social Impact of Dataset

More Information Needed

Discussion of Biases

More Information Needed

Other Known Limitations

More Information Needed

Additional Information

Dataset Curators

More Information Needed

Licensing Information

More Information Needed

Citation Information

@article{DBLP:journals/jim/KumarS22,
  author    = {Aman Kumar and
               Binil Starly},
  title     = {"FabNER": information extraction from manufacturing process science
               domain literature using named entity recognition},
  journal   = {J. Intell. Manuf.},
  volume    = {33},
  number    = {8},
  pages     = {2393--2407},
  year      = {2022},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-021-01807-x},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10845-021-01807-x},
  timestamp = {Sun, 13 Nov 2022 17:52:57 +0100},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jim/KumarS22.bib},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}