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74,855,419 | {
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"DOI": "10.15825/1995-1191-2014-1-76-84",
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"url": "https://journal.transpl.ru/vtio/article/download/68/11"
} | Reducing the risk of kidney transplant rejection is a perspective trend in modern medical science. One of the promising methods for reducing the activity of immune con fl ict between the recipient and the donor organ and the achievement of partial immunological tolerance is photochemotherapy. This method is widely used in over- seas heart and lung Transplantation. Domestic experience of applying this method in renal transplant recipients is extremely small. In this review of literature a modern representation of the scientists on the mechanism of action of this method is presented. | 2022-08-31T21:52:41.336Z |
253,956,289 | {
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} | The thesis that we support in this introductory work, and which we propose for discussion and technical-scientific debate, is that even the online bank, and even better the digital bank, towards which we are moving with ever-increasing acceleration, cannot escape the trends, now widespread in businesses, towards flexible and decentralized models, which recognize the principle of self-organization and empowerment, and therefore towards organizational forms that involve and participate managers and employees. Organizational models that place human capital and the ethical-motivational wellbeing of people (workers and managers) at the centre and that, if involved in decision-making processes, are capable not only of increasing dynamic capabilities but also of innovating them (renewing) by leveraging, above all, the enhancement of middle management. In this work we argue that the characteristics of organizational models promote the dynamic capabilities in a circular approach integrating vertical and horizontal competences in a flattening organization. Freedom and Emotional management shape organizations capable of adapting and regenerating even in rapidly changing environments. Reinforcing this position is the circumstance that Italian banks find themselves having to redesign their business and managerial models not only to make them economically and financially sustainable to counter the current profitability crisis, but also to make them consistent with social (and environmental) sustainability criteria by adapting to the new European regulation. A transformation that push towards the increasing convergence of eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness with more participating and creative human resources for the resilience. | 2022-12-02T11:14:27.422Z |
169,071,481 | {
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"DOI": "10.3390/WEVJ8010151",
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} | This paper examines the possibility of establishing an electric car-sharing program in New York, of the type that the French firm Bollore articulated in France (Autolib) and in Indianapolis (Blue-Indy). It examines the current role of electric vehicles (EVs) in the global automobile industry. It explores how New York State and City policies could work in favor or against the establishment of a car-sharing program. It presents the opinions of energy and sustainability experts on electricity supply. Finally, this paper considers how an electric car-sharing system could fit into the ongoing reconfiguration of New York City’s Metropolitan Transit Authority. | 2022-12-02T11:26:17.805Z |
23,773,485 | {
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"DOI": "10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(200001/02)12:1<88::AID-AJHB10>3.0.CO;2-H",
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} | Changes between pubertal stages (PS) are best analyzed in a longitudinal context. A sample of 67 boys and 48 girls from the Caracas Longitudinal Study who presented data for the full range of pubertal development: genitalia (G2–G5), breast (B2–B5), pubic hair (PH2–PH5), axillary hair (AH2–AH3), and age at menarche (AM) during follow‐up, were assessed at clinical examination. Medians and standard errors for ages at each stage were estimated with the logit method. For length of intervals between stages of genitalia, breast, pubic hair and axillary hair, intervals B2–M and PH2–M, survival analysis was used according to life tables and Cox regression analysis. In boys, G2 occurred at 11.61 years; in girls, B2 occurred at 10.35 years and AM at 12.55 years of age. In both sexes, length of the intervals PS 2–3 and 3–4 were approximately 1 year, while PS 4–5 was 1.5 years. Duration of puberty reached 3.7 years in boys (G2–G5) and 3.3 years in girls (B2–B5); corresponding intervals for PH2–PH5 were 3.1 and 3.0 years in boys and girls, respectively. B2–AM was 1.8 years (with a range of 0.3–3.6 years) and PH2–AM was 1.5 years (with a range 0.3–3.5 years). These results are useful for screening and monitoring: identifying abnormal pubertal patterns in subjects who are advanced or delayed with respect to their peers, together with other pubertal events such as age at peak height and weight velocity and skeletal age. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:88–96, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. | 2022-11-12T15:48:53.925Z |
1,168,046 | {
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"DOI": "10.22436/JNSA.009.06.28",
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} | The aim of this paper is to present fuzzy optimal coincidence point results of fuzzy proximal quasi contraction and generalized fuzzy proximal quasi contraction of type− 1 in the framework of complete nonArchimedean fuzzy metric space. Some examples are presented to support the results which are obtained here. These results also hold in fuzzy metric spaces when some mild assumption is added to the set in the domain of mappings which are involved here. Our results unify, extend and generalize various existing results in literature. c ©2016 All rights reserved. | 2022-10-18T18:39:30.649Z |
25,444,303 | {
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"DOI": "10.1002/jcp.24693",
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} | Appropriate mechanical loading during occlusion and mastication play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), a matricellular protein, is known to upregulate extracellular matrix production, including collagen in PDL tissue. However, the underlying mechanisms of CTGF/CCN2 in regulation of PDL tissue integrity remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of CTGF/CCN2 on osteo/cementoblastic and fibroblastic differentiation of human PDL stem cells using the cell line 1–11. CTGF/CCN2 expression in rat PDL tissue and human PDL cells (HPDLCs) was confirmed immunohisto/cytochemically. Mechanical loading was found to increase gene expression and secretion of CTGF/CCN2 in HPDLCs. CTGF/CCN2 upregulated the proliferation and migration of 1–11 cells. Furthermore, increased bone/cementum‐related gene expression in this cell line led to mineralization. In addition, combined treatment of 1–11 cells with CTGF/CCN2 and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) significantly promoted type I collagen and fibronectin expression compared with that of TGF‐β1 treatment alone. Thus, these data suggest the underlying biphasic effects of CTGF/CCN2 in 1–11 cells, inducible osteo/cementoblastic, and fibroblastic differentiation dependent on the environmental condition. CTGF/CCN2 may contribute to preservation of the structural integrity of PDL tissue, implying its potential use as a therapeutic agent for PDL regeneration. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 150–159, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | 2022-12-31T15:13:24.863Z |
211,282,246 | {
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"DOI": "10.13262/j.bjsshkxy.bjshkx.170707",
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} | 邻避效应是民众对项目负外部性的强烈排斥，而反邻避是民众对项目正外部性的积极争取。基于府际博弈和草根动员的两个维度解释反邻避效应发现：在府际博弈中，项目的正外部性驱动着地方官员的行为动机，权力关系网络决定着博弈双方争夺项目的话语权，博弈结果的非均衡性困境从外部增加了反邻避效应的风险；在草根动员中，地方政府的默许加剧了民众相对剥夺感和不公平感，进而以联名诉求的方式催生舆论施压，“一闹就给”的回应方式推动了效尤效应，引发决策失误，内部加剧了反邻避效应的矛盾。 | 2022-02-08T03:17:22.449Z |
122,345,290 | {
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"DOI": "10.1121/1.398850",
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} | Sets of raw profile data are acquired from a subject using an ultrasound reflective mode tomographic scan. This raw data is corrected for errors due to inhomogeneities in the speed of sound and an image is reconstructed from the corrected data set. The corrections are made by shifting each set of raw profile data such that a prominent signal therein aligns with a corrective sinusoid which indicates the ideal location of the prominent signal in each set of profile data. | 2022-02-09T19:16:38.010Z |
176,858,433 | {
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"DOI": "10.1098/rspb.1961.0019",
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} | The ultimate aim of biochemistry, wrote Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1933), should be an adequate and acceptable description of molecular dynamics in living cells and tissues. My ambition, in this eleventh Leeuwenhoek Lecture, is to describe some aspects of the molecular dynamics of viral functions. A specific entity which is unable to multiply could not be a virus. The proper activity of a virus, the viral function par excellence, is consequently reproduction. Yet viral reproduction involves, not one, but a whole set of functions, for viruses, despite their reputation, are highly complex structures. In order that the lecture should not appear as the expression of an esoteric and impervious doctrinal corpus, we have to state first what we understand by the term virus, a necessary step in view of the fact that this is the fifth Leeuwenhoek Lecture dealing with viruses. It will also be necessary to explain the meaning of a very few unfamiliar terms. This done, a virus will be introduced into a cell and we shall try to understand how it develops. An infected cell may either die or survive. Sometimes a new balanced cell-virus system emerges, such as a lysogenic bacterium or a malignant cell. The complex interplay of cellular and viral functions will be analyzed. Then the current views concerning the mechanisms by which a cell regulates its functions will be summarized. This will lead finally to a discussion of the relation of viruses to regulating systems in general. | 2022-09-15T07:01:18.906Z |
72,022,633 | {
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"DOI": "10.1377/HLTHAFF.W3.124",
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} | Providing Health Insurance To All Americans Gail Wilensky: Our current system of private health insurance is under a lot of scrutiny these days.Whatwould you like to see replace our current system? John Breaux: I’ve become more convinced as time goes by that the system is fundamentally broken and needs major surgery. Right now we have a systemwhere you get health care depending on which box you’re in. If you’re old, you’re in the Medicare box. If you’re poor, you’re in the Medicaid box. If you’re a veteran, you’re in the VA box. If you’re working, you’re in an employer coverage box. And if you don’t fit in any of those, you’re uninsured. And we spend an incredible amount of money on this system of boxes. The federal subsidy for the Medicaid box is about $170 billion a year. The subsidy for the employer coverage box is $140 billion, because we allow employers to deduct their insurance premiums and employees do not get taxed on them. The subsidy for the Medicare box is about $270 billion or so. The VA box’s subsidy is $26 billion. And each one of those boxes has a bureaucracy with an incredible amount of red tape and rules and regulations. I’d like to see a nationwide federal mandate that every U.S. citizen purchase a private health insurance policy. There would be a basic plan, that the government would help fund for low-income people who can’t afford it. The government’s subsidy would be graduated according to income, to the point where you would ultimately be responsible for paying for it all yourself when you can afford to. People could buy more than the basic plan if they wanted to, but it would be at their expense. We are working with insurance companies, employers, think tanks, and others about how this would be structured. It would have to involve some type of risk pooling. The advantages are obvious: A lot more healthy people would have insurance, because many of those who don’t have insurance now are young and relatively healthy. Their contributions could help level the playing field and lower the costs for all, which would have a positive impact on how the program would operate. And some savingswould be generated from lower spending on uncompensated care. The debate ten years ago was about an employer mandate (“play or pay”), but the employers resisted, so we didn’t do it. But this is not the same thing. And it’s not a “governmentrun” program in the sense of being a “singlepayer” system. I don’t want a government-run program. I support an individual mandate to buy private health insurance.We have to travel a lot of road in order to get there, from where we are now, with the current mix of group and I n t e r v i e w | 2022-09-21T20:26:32.538Z |
6,515,509 | {
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"DOI": "10.1152/AJPLUNG.2001.280.6.L1085",
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} | We analyzed the pattern of gap junction protein (connexin) expression in vivo by indirect immunofluorescence. In normal rat lung sections, connexin (Cx)32 was expressed by type II cells, whereas Cx43 was more ubiquitously expressed and Cx46 was expressed by occasional alveolar epithelial cells. In response to bleomycin-induced lung injury, Cx46 was upregulated by alveolar epithelial cells, whereas Cx32 and Cx43 expression were largely unchanged. Given that Cx46 may form gap junction channels with either Cx43 or Cx32, we examined the ability of primary alveolar epithelial cells cultured for 6 days, which express Cx43 and Cx46, to form heterocellular gap junctions with cells expressing other connexins. Day 6 alveolar epithelial cells formed functional gap junctions with other day 6 cells or with HeLa cells transfected with Cx43 (HeLa/Cx43), but they did not communicate with HeLa/Cx32 cells. Furthermore, day 6 alveolar epithelial cells formed functional gap junction channels with freshly isolated type II cells. Taken together, these data are consistent with the notion that type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells communicate through gap junctions compatible with Cx43. | 2022-12-11T01:53:05.017Z |
2,231,334 | {
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"DOI": "10.3205/000114",
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} | Objective: Quantitation of D-dimer level during a sickling crisis and its correlation with other clinical abnormalities. Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Setting: Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Patients: Adult patients (12 years and older) admitted acutely with a sickle cell crisis who consent to taking part in the study. Candidates may re-participate if they are readmitted with a further acute painful crisis. Results: 36 patients with homozygous sickle cell disease consented to take part in the study. D-dimer levels were raised in 31 (68.9%) of 45 episodes of painful crisis of whom 13 had an abnormal chest X-ray. Of those with a normal chest X-ray only one patient had a raised D-dimer level: sensitivity of 92.3%, specificity 40.6%, positive predictive value 38.7% and negative predictive value of 92.9% for an abnormal chest X-ray. Conclusion: D-dimer levels are frequently raised during an acute painful crisis. A normal level has a high negative predictive value for an abnormal chest X-ray. | 2022-12-14T00:34:27.240Z |
71,263,626 | {
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"DOI": "10.1136/jech.55.8.529",
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"url": "https://jech.bmj.com/content/jech/55/8/529.1.full.pdf"
} | In this issue, Alberto Concha-Eastman directs our attention to the crucial question of violence as a public health issue. Dr Concha-Eastman, a Colombian, has first hand experience of taking charge of a violence prevention programme in his home city of Cali, where homicide rates are among the highest in the world. The inadequacy of a traditional policing model for understanding the upstream determinants of violence and developing rational joined up policies to prevent it is made clear in the framework put forward. This framework proposes three tiers of understanding: at the top there … | 2022-12-23T02:09:14.810Z |
84,300,226 | {
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"DOI": "10.1080/00305316.1969.10433911",
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} | Abstract Nineteen species of Ephemeroptera from various regions of Southeast Asia are treated. One new genus, Chiusanophlebia (family Leptophlebiidae) is described from Ryukyu Islands. Three new species, viz., C. asahinai, Baetis sacishimensis (Ryukyu Island) and Ephemera siamensis (Thailand) are also described. | 2022-09-05T11:16:01.097Z |
226,969,897 | {
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"DOI": "10.1109/KhPIWeek51551.2020.9250144",
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} | Using a mathematical model, the interconnected electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal processes in the electrodynamic catapult for an unmanned aerial vehicle (U A V) are calculated. Excitation of the windings of the inductor (WI) and the armature (WA) of the catapult is carried out by an aperiodic current pulse from a capacitive energy storage device (CES). The influence of the tire thickness and the corresponding number of turns of the windings on the amplitudes of the current, current density, electrodynamic force and the temperature rise of the windings are established. The influence of the aperiodic current feed pulse, which is realized by connecting an additional CES to the main CES, is established. It is shown that with an increase in the thickness of the copper bus bar and a corresponding decrease in the number of turns of the windings, the effect of the additional CES becomes more effective. The winding parameters are determined at which the highest speed and efficiency of the catapult is achieved when the windings are excited by various pulses. Experimental studies of the electrodynamic catapult model under excitation with aperiodic and aperiodic excitation with current pulses were carried out. It was found that the experimental and calculated electrical indicators are correlated with an accuracy of 5%, and mechanical indicators - with an accuracy of 12 %. | 2022-12-10T01:47:41.113Z |
89,422,533 | {
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"DOI": "10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.26.1190",
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} | 唾液腺腫瘍における分泌上皮細胞の関与状況を免疫組織化学的に検討するための対照所見を確立する目的で, 正常唾液腺組織 (各部位, 計60例) におけるamylase (AM), lactoferrin (LF), lycozyme (LY), secretory component (SC) の局在をperoxidase-antiperoxidase法を用いて検索した。AMは主に漿液性腺房細胞に強い局在を示したが, 一部の介在部導管細胞にも弱い陽性所見が認められた。LF及びLYは介在部導管並びに漿液性腺房のいずれの細胞にも局在していたが, LFは導管細胞に, LYグ腺房細胞により強い反応を示す傾向がみられた。SCは漿液性腺房, 介在部, 線条部並びに小葉内外の排泄の各細胞に広く分布しており, 特に導管系細胞に強い局在を示した。今回用いた4種のマーカーはいずれも, 特定部位の細胞に特異的な局在を示すものではなかったが, こらの局在所見を組み合わせ本研究結果と対比することにより, 各種唾液腺腫瘍における分泌上皮細胞の関や分化の程度を推測できる可能性が示唆された。 | 2022-12-17T08:55:16.370Z |
23,915,756 | {
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"DOI": "10.1146/ANNUREV.GENET.33.1.533",
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} | DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is one of multiple replication, repair, and recombination processes that are required to maintain genomic stability in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In the wake of the discoveries that hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and other human cancers are associated with mutations in MMR genes, intensive efforts are under way to elucidate the biochemical functions of mammalian MutS and MutL homologs, and the consequences of defects in these genes. Genetic studies in cultured mammalian cells and mice are proving to be instrumental in defining the relationship between the functions of MMR in mutation and tumor avoidance. Furthermore, these approaches have raised awareness that MMR homologs contribute to DNA damage surveillance, transcription-coupled repair, and recombinogenic and meiotic processes. | 2022-12-21T10:28:33.142Z |
167,869,698 | {
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"DOI": "10.1080/19325037.2004.10603661",
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} | Abstract In many communities across the country various clean indoor air policies (smoking bans) are being put into effect. Implementation occurs in various ways, making each policy unique regarding its components, the processes involved in getting it passed, and the timetable in which it happens. The following article outlines one city's quest for a clean indoor air policy. | 2022-02-08T18:43:47.960Z |
35,912,443 | {
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"DOI": "10.1203/00006450-199604001-01296",
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"url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/pr19961442.pdf"
} | THE EFFECTS OF TREATMENT WITH INDOMETHACIN IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO HYPOTENSION ON THE CEREBRAL CIRCULATION OF NEWBORN PIGLETS. † 1273 | 2022-02-12T08:08:43.595Z |
43,654,631 | {
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"DOI": "10.1002/chem.200903372",
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} | By making use of a novel diastereotopicity probe, namely C(CF(3))(2)OH, it has been possible to measure by very low temperature (19)F NMR spectroscopy the elusive aryl-aryl rotation barriers of biphenyls bearing an OH or F group in one ortho position. The experimental values (5.4 and 4.4 kcal mol(-1), respectively) are matched by those from ab initio calculations (5.3 and 4.3 kcal mol(-1), respectively). | 2022-12-02T11:34:22.982Z |
41,233,174 | {
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} | ABSTRACT The development of forms and functions of negation in parent–child interactions in the early stages of language acquisition is discussed with illustrative examples from field data relating to two Tamil-speaking children and their parents. An attempt is made to provide a scheme for analysing the negatives in children's speech, maintaining the three basic functions of Bloom (1970) unaltered. Subcategories of these functions are introduced, taking into consideration the interactional situations as they are perceived by the parents and children. Children, it is observed, acquire the forms and functions of negation in a clear developmental sequence. They acquire and use the free forms naanaa (veeṇḍaam) ‘No, I don't want’ first, followed by negatives involving bound forms. Certain forms like maaṭṭeen ‘I won't’, muḍiyaadi' I can't’ and even veeṇḍaam are used in isolation (as free forms) first. Only later are they used with verb infinitives. The development of functions of negation follows the sequence: rejection, non-existence, prohibition and denial. Thus the children of this study show preference for rejection over non-existence as observed by earlier scholars. | 2022-12-16T16:39:01.320Z |
114,113,593 | {
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"DOI": "10.1049/IET-MAP.2015.0734",
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} | In this study, a microstrip-fed complementary Yagi–Uda antenna backed with milled cavities is presented. This antenna is intended to radiate as near as possible to the end-fire direction while keeping a low profile and small size. The radiator and reflector elements are U-shaped slots while the director is a rectangular slot. These slots are printed on top of a very thin bendable commercial substrate. The radiator is fed by a microstrip line printed on the bottom side of the substrate. A thick metallic plate in which cavities are milled is placed below the substrate and connected by pin wires to the upper metallisation of the substrate. An S-band prototype is designed, fabricated and measured providing an operational bandwidth of 3% around 2.44 GHz, a maximum gain of about 8 dBi is achieved in the main beam which points towards 46° away from the broadside direction. Finally, simulation results of array and different conformal configurations are presented demonstrating the advantages of the microstrip feeding and the thin substrate material. Bending of the antenna along H-plane and E-plane for different curvatures is evaluated. | 2022-12-17T00:39:41.043Z |
245,373,798 | {
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"DOI": "10.4337/9781839102721.00031",
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} | February 19, 2021 Abstract We capitalize on the latest estimation methods in the empirical gravity literature and the development of a new dataset (the Global Sanctions Data Base, GSDB) to study the evolution, over time, of the effects of sanctions on international trade. Our analysis reveals that the contemporaneous effects of sanctions on trade are large, negative and statistically significant. Additionally, we obtain negative and significant anticipatory effects prior to the official imposition of sanctions, as well as negative and significant post-sanction effects, which disappear gradually approximately eight years after the lifting of sanctions. Our work generates several insights related to the estimation of the impact of sanctions on trade and unveils new avenues for future work. For example, we find the strength of the negative impact of sanctions to rise with the duration of the time that sanctions are in force. Moreover, our analysis of unilateral vs. multilateral and US vs. UN vs. EU sanctions suggests that unilateral sanctions and sanctions imposed by the US stand out as being most effective. A battery of sensitivity experiments confirms the robustness of our main findings and conclusions. | 2022-12-24T18:17:29.709Z |
17,579,571 | {
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"DOI": "10.1155/2013/240209",
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"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijmicro/2013/240209.pdf"
} | Continuous deployment of antifungals in treating infections caused by dimorphic opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans has led to the emergence of drug resistance resulting in cross-resistance to many unrelated drugs, a phenomenon termed multidrug resistance (MDR). Despite the current understanding of major factors which contribute to MDR mechanisms, there are many lines of evidence suggesting that it is a complex interplay of multiple factors which may be contributed by still unknown mechanisms. Coincidentally with the increased usage of antifungal drugs, the number of reports for antifungal drug resistance has also increased which further highlights the need for understanding novel molecular mechanisms which can be explored to combat MDR, namely, ROS, iron, hypoxia, lipids, morphogenesis, and transcriptional and signaling networks. Considering the worrying evolution of MDR and significance of C. albicans being the most prevalent human fungal pathogen, this review summarizes these new regulatory mechanisms which could be exploited to prevent MDR development in C. albicans as established from recent studies. | 2022-12-27T20:39:43.256Z |
223,176,768 | {
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} | 在哺乳动物中，Hedgehog( Hh)信号通路在器官发育、维持成熟组织的内环境稳定、慢性炎症中的组织修复和癌症发生等多种进程中发挥着重要作用。近年来，发现胰腺癌、胃癌、前列腺癌、小细胞肺癌、髓母细胞瘤、皮肤基底细胞癌、乳腺癌等肿瘤的发生与Hh信号通路的激活关系密切。在此就Hh信号通路的构成、作用特点以及与乳腺癌发生、发展的关系进行综述。 | 2023-01-01T18:37:06.878Z |
192,444,563 | {
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} | Il Regno Unito ha 2000 anni di storia di migrazione, e i neri e le minoranze etniche ora costituiscono quasi un quinto della popolazione in Inghilterra e Galles, di cui oltre 5 milioni sono donne. Le disuguaglianze nella salute sperimentate da alcuni residenti del Regno Unito, tra cui donne migranti, sono state riconosciute dalle autorita pubbliche sin dagli anni Ottanta, con un impegno costante da oltre 30 anni volto a migliorare l’accesso ai servizi per tutti. Tuttavia, nonostante queste iniziative politiche, nel Regno Unito persistono ancora disparita nelle condizioni di salute e nell’accesso ai servizi per le donne nere e appartenenti a minoranze etniche, ad esempio, nella salute riproduttiva, nello screening, la salute mentale e le cure di fine vita. Attraverso una revisione della letteratura e interviste con esperti, donne migranti e politici, questo lavoro si propone di esplorare lo stato di salute delle donne BME (Black and Minority Ethnic Women), alcuni dei principali ostacoli al loro accesso alle cure, e le iniziative di policy destinate ad alleviare queste barriere. La ricerca dimostra che la promozione di servizi di cura culturalmente attenti alle diversita, accanto
a una adeguata formazione degli operatori sanitari, possono aiutare a ridurre queste disuguaglianze. | 2022-02-08T08:48:41.181Z |
238,728,628 | {
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} | Every step from production through consumption can influence the microbiology of food products. Unsanitary equipment and insufficient hygienic level in food industry lead to increased populations of microorganisms and can compromise quality and safety. Proper use of disinfectants can complement an effective sanitation program. Sanitation is an important part of the HACCP system, as its application significantly eliminates microorganisms in the production process. Sanitation is the process of providing conditions that will ensure safe and wholesome products for human consumption. The system is an auxiliary control body for monitoring compliance with hygiene procedures. As a result of non-compliance with sanitation procedures, food products are contaminated and undesirable foodborne illnesses of the consumer occur. The epidemiology of foodborne diseases is rapidly changing as newly recognized pathogens emerge and well recognized pathogens increase in prevalence or become associated with new food vehicles. In this work, we focused on cleaning and disinfection of surfaces that significantly affect the hygienic safety of the resulting products. The purpose of sampling was to assess the effectiveness of disinfection in a bakery in order to prevent the occurrence of foodborne diseases. For disinfection, a 3% concentration of Savo disinfectant was used. Surface hygiene control was performed using microbiological swabs before the start of production, during production and after disinfection. Samples were taken from work surfaces floor, wall, table, tray and mixer. Disinfectant Savo was effective on floor, wall, tray and mixer where were detected significant decrease of colony forming units of total count of bacteria, coliform bacteria and moulds after disinfection. On these monitored surfaces no bacteria after disinfection was detected. On the table were detected 3colony forming units of total count of bacteria after disinfection which represent decrease of microorganisms, in compare with numbers of microorganisms before production. The results from the microbiological swabs shows that disinfectant Savo was able to decrease the number of colonies forming units after disinfection. | 2022-02-07T20:30:53.263Z |
81,525,959 | {
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} | e14548Background: Preclinical studies with muscadine grape extract (MGE) show anti-tumor activity and decreased systemic inflammation. This phase I study (NCT02583269) assessed safety and tolerabil... | 2022-03-16T04:28:31.244Z |
19,419,407 | {
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} | Summary form only given. Digital consumer and mobile products have continuously accommodated more features and functions. For example, recent high-end cellular phones work as multi-modal wireless communicators that handle various formats; GSM, 3G, BT, WiFi and so on. In addition, they also operate as terrestrial digital TV viewers, MP3 music players, digital cameras, substitutes for credit cards, GPS locators and many more. These products require to best combine highly integrated SoC's and sophisticated software stacks in a timely manner. It is essential to establish a hardware/software co-design/verification environment with an ESL design methodologies. Another key is an IP reuse platform where various functions can be implemented on an SoC by legacy sub-systems with a low-power multi-processor architecture. These challenges are getting more complicated in deep sub-100 nm technology nodes. | 2022-12-20T23:47:55.674Z |
6,015,484 | {
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} | This paper introduces the first state-based formalization of isolation guarantees. Our approach is premised on a simple observation: applications view storage systems as black-boxes that transition through a series of states, a subset of which are observed by applications. Defining isolation guarantees in terms of these states frees definitions from implementation-specific assumptions. It makes immediately clear what anomalies, if any, applications can expect to observe, thus bridging the gap that exists today between how isolation guarantees are defined and how they are perceived. The clarity that results from definitions based on client-observable states brings forth several benefits. First, it allows us to easily compare the guarantees of distinct, but semantically close, isolation guarantees. We find that several well-known guarantees, previously thought to be distinct, are in fact equivalent, and that many previously incomparable flavors of snapshot isolation can be organized in a clean hierarchy. Second, freeing definitions from implementation-specific artefacts can suggest more efficient implementations of the same isolation guarantee. We show how a client-centric implementation of parallel snapshot isolation can be more resilient to slowdown cascades, a common phenomenon in large-scale datacenters. | 2022-12-28T17:45:00.338Z |
234,461,439 | {
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"DOI": "10.33422/EJBS.V3I2.481",
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} | This paper is to show nationalism through psychological perspective as a world's widespread phenomenon which impacts to internal social, economic and political radical changes. Religion as a nationalism itself has an ideological structure, and there is a fundamental explanation for that. Religion, because of its eternal character, has an exclusive, omnipresent pattern with its constituent elements (religious beliefs and feelings, rituals and symbols, as well as the fifth element) – and finally clergy, that psychologically fulfil human spiritual needs. Influenced by, usually, unpleasant historical events and many social changes, religion very often played a role in maintaining some visions that have always been of special significance to human. Process of secularization brought to religion marginalized position in society and it was reduced mainly to its elementary activity (in Christianity, those would be ceremonies related to baptism, matrimony, burial). However, its ideological postulates remained in the function of the new secular environment and manifested themselves with recognizable religious characteristics, which is given in the paper through a theoretical psychological approach. | 2022-01-24T21:11:03.841Z |
239,709,704 | {
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"DOI": "10.22034/HYD.2021.44430.1575",
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} | تخمین نفوذپذیری خاک به کمک مولفههای مختلف فرسایش میتواند یک روش برآوردی مفید برای تعیین میزان نفوذپذیری خاک در کوتاهترین زمان و با صرف کمترین هزینه باشد. در این پژوهش به منظور تعیین تخمین میزان نفوذپذیری خاک با استفاده از مولفههای مختلف فرسایش در کاربریهای مختلف نهشتههای سازند گچساران، بخشی از حوزه آبریزکوه گچ شهرستان ایذه با مساحت 1202 هکتار انتخاب گردید. در این تحقیق تعیین رابطه بین میزان نفوذپذیری خاک و مولفههای مختلف فرسایش مانند میزان رسوب و مقدار رواناب و زمان شروع آستانه رواناب و رسوب در کاربریهای مختلف سازند گچساران به کمک رگرسیون چند متغیره انجام گرفت. سپس نمونهبرداری مولفههای مختلف فرسایش در 6 نقطه و با 3 تکرار و در شدتهای مختلف بارش 75/0، 1 و 25/1 میلیمتر در دقیقه در سه کاربری مرتع، منطقه مسکونی و اراضی کشاورزی به کمک دستگاه شبیه ساز باران انجام شد. به منظور انجام تحلیلهای آماری از نرم افزار SPSS و EXCELاستفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که به طور کلی بیشترین تاثیرگذاری مثبت و منفی مولفههای مختلف فرسایش در تخمین میزان نفوذپذیری خاک مربوط به میزان رسوب و شروع آستانه رواناب و رسوب در هر سه کاربری یاد شده و در سه شدت بارش 75/0، 1 و 25/1 میلی متر دقیقه میباشد و در این میان نقش میزان رسوب در تخمین میزان نفوذپذیری خاک نسبت به آستانه رواناب و رسوب اندکی بیشتر نشان داده شد و میزان رواناب در تخمین میزان نفوذپذیری خاک در این روش نقشی نداشته است. | 2022-01-23T02:55:03.447Z |
198,054,404 | {
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} | Kazancizâde Emin Edib Efendi Osmanli Devleti’nin son doneminde yasamis Sivas’in yetistirdigi onemli munevverlerden biridir. Âile kokleri Buhâra’ya dayanan Emin Edib Efendi Sivas Askeri Rustiyesi’nde uzun yillar Farsca muallimi ve Osmanli Mebusan Meclisi’nde de iki donem mebus olarak resmi gorevde bulunmustur. Resmi gorevlerinin disinda Naksbendi tarikatina muntesip mursid-i kâmil olan Emin Edib Efendi’nin silsilesi seyhi Muhammed Kemâhi kanaliyla Mevlânâ Hâlid-i Bagdâdi’ye ulasir. Emin Edib Efendi, Muhammed Kemâhi’nin 1313/1896’daki vefâtindan sonra yirmi uc yil irsad makaminda kalmistir. Emin Edib Efendi’nin dini ve tasavvufi yaklasimlarinin temelinde Imâm Gazâli, Abdulkâdir Geylâni, Mevlânâ Celâleddin-i Rumi, Muhyiddin Ibnu’l-Arabi, Ibnu’l-Fâriz, Mahmud Şebusteri, Abdurrahman Câmi ve Ismail Hakki Bursevi gibi tasavvuf alaninin onemli sahislari yer almaktadir. Ekberi irfan geleneginin yogun etkisinde kalan Emin Edib Efendi ‘vahdet-i vucud’u manevi egitimin nihayeti ve tevhidin zirve mertebesi olarak kabul etmistir. Şiirlerinde ilâhi ask ve vahdet-i vucud nesvesini yogun bir sekilde terennum eden Emin Edib Efendi sufi kimliginin yanisira zâhiri ilimlerde de icâzet sahibi bir âlimdir. Bu yonuyle o, zâhir-bâti, medrese-tekke ikilemini sahsiyetinde uyumlu hale getirmistir. Arapca ve Farsca’ya eser yazacak seviyede vâkif olan Emin Edib Efendi bireylerin egitimine ozel onem vermis, muridânini guzel ahlak anlayisina gore yetistirmistir. | 2022-03-25T00:57:03.185Z |
81,483,784 | {
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} | Despite the key role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS) and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), the association between clinical and radiological disease manifestations is often only moderate, limiting the use of MRI-derived markers in the clinical routine or as endpoints in clinical trials. In the projects conducted as part of this thesis, we addressed this clinico-radiological gap using two different approaches. Lesion-symptom association: In two voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping studies, we aimed at strengthening lesion-symptom associations by identifying strategic lesion locations. Lesion mapping was performed in two large cohorts: a dataset of 2348 relapsing-remitting MS patients, and a population-based cohort of 1017 elderly subjects. T2-weighted lesion masks were anatomically aligned and a voxel-based statistical approach to relate lesion location to different clinical rating scales was implemented. In the MS lesion mapping, significant associations between white matter (WM) lesion location and several clinical scores were found in periventricular areas. Such lesion clusters appear to be associated with impairment of different physical and cognitive abilities, probably because they affect commissural and long projection fibers. In the SVD lesion mapping, the same WM fibers and the caudate nucleus were identified to significantly relate to the subjects’ cerebrovascular risk profiles, while no other locations were found to be associated with cognitive impairment. Atrophy-symptom association: With the construction of an anatomical physical phantom, we aimed at addressing reliability and robustness of atrophy-symptom associations through the provision of a “ground truth” for atrophy quantification. The built phantom prototype is composed of agar gels doped with MRI and computed tomography (CT) contrast agents, which realistically mimic T1 relaxation times of WM and grey matter (GM) and showing distinguishable attenuation coefficients using CT. Moreover, due to the design of anatomically simulated molds, both WM and GM are characterized by shapes comparable to the human counterpart. In a proof-of-principle study, the designed phantom was used to validate automatic brain tissue quantification by two popular software tools, where “ground truth” volumes were derived from high-resolution CT scans. In general, results from the same software yielded reliable and robust results across scans, while results across software were highly variable reaching volume differences of up to 8%. | 2022-07-31T21:06:45.502Z |
98,623,308 | {
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"DOI": "10.1021/MA9912406",
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} | The supramolecular assembling of small amounts of octyl- and benzyl-substituted complementary tectons based upon barbiturates (BA) and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidines (TP) was studied in a polystyrene matrix by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic-mechanical spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Self-organization of these tectons within the compounds drastically changes the melt rheology in comparison to the pure matrix. Depending on external conditions such as temperature and mechanical deformation, the formation of BA/TP assemblies in polystyrene via self-organization leads to strongly increased dynamic moduli and a networklike behavior. A minimum content of 3 wt % of BA/TP is required for these rheological effects. A similar self-organization and reinforcing effect could not be observed in a more polar poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix. The resulting BA/TP structures were also examined by TEM and polarized light microscopy in both polymer matrices as well as at the int... | 2022-08-29T02:41:53.743Z |
245,502,744 | {
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"ArXiv": "2112.13415",
"DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevE.105.054148",
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} | We consider the influence of active speed fluctuations on the dynamics of a d-dimensional active Brownian particle performing a persistent stochastic motion. The speed fluctuation brings about a dynamical anisotropy even in the absence of shape anisotropy. We use the Laplace transform of the Fokker-Planck equation to obtain exact expressions for time-dependent dynamical moments. Our results agree with direct numerical simulations and show several dynamical crossovers determined by the activity, persistence, and speed fluctuation. The dynamical anisotropy leads to a subdiffusive scaling in the parallel component of displacement fluctuation at intermediate times. The kurtosis remains positive at short times determined by the speed fluctuation, crossing over to a negative minimum at intermediate times governed by the persistence before vanishing asymptotically. The probability distribution of particle displacement obtained from numerical simulations in two dimensions shows two crossovers between compact and extended trajectories via two bimodal distributions at intervening times. While the speed fluctuation dominates the first crossover, the second crossover is controlled by persistence like in the wormlike chain model of semiflexible polymers. | 2022-09-08T16:24:54.059Z |
140,687,259 | {
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"DOI": "10.3133/OFR96251",
"MAG": "1597537090",
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} | -The Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna program is a new initiative to foste international cooperation between eight Arctic nations. Its purpose is to provide a forum fo information exchange on the circumpolar Arctic. Working groups meet annually to address is of international concern regarding the status and trends of biological and human resources. include issues such as habitat protection, flora and fauna conservation, modern human impa integration of indigenous peoples' knowledge. Active dialogue in the working groups stimu the development of an interactive process where questions of international concern are ad and resolved through the cooperative sharing and synthesis of data. Introduction Given the modern human impact on the Arctic and the considerable amount of informati learned in the past 15-20 years regarding the use of ecological data in lessening the impac human influence, an opportunity exists for Arctic countries to cooperate and share informa (Bliss, 1983). To this end, Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) is an ecosystem-b program with membership from natural resource agencies. CAFF is part of the Arctic Envi mental Protection Strategy (AEPS), adopted by ministerial declaration at Rovaniemi, Finlan 1991 by eight Arctic countries -Canada, Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Norway, sia, Sweden, and the United States. The purpose of CAFF is to further the goals and objecti AEPS aimed at protecting the Arctic environment from identified threats and at seeking the d opment of more effective laws and conservation practices in close cooperation with indigen peoples in the Arctic. The CAFF represents an innovative and distinct forum for scientists, resource managers enous peoples, and conservationists sharing information on Arctic species and habitats. T tional approaches to nature conservation focus primarily on local or regional issues but may the broader, circumpolar perspective. The CAFF offers a unique national and international f to address questions from a circumpolar view. Member countries collaborate, as appropria more effective research, conservation management, and sustainable use of Arctic resource CAFF meets to exchange scientific data and information, including traditional knowledge o indigenous peoples on Arctic flora, fauna, their habitats, and diversity. The goal of this overview is to demonstrate the role of the CAFF as a tool to resolve circum questions through concrete examples. Methods The CAFF Working Groups meet annually in host countries, Canada and the United Sta the past, and Iceland in September 1994. Annual work plans with action items address sp conservation issues. CAFF Arctic rway nerch as also ts | 2022-09-30T00:46:16.561Z |
121,334,465 | {
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"DOI": "10.1117/12.48734",
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} | A focal plane assembly combining hybrid electronic components with passive optical components within a single hermetically sealed package has been designed by Cincinnati Electronics to meet the performance requirements imposed by the Comet Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) and Cassini Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometers (VIMSs). A single line array of 256 InSb photodiodes, accessed by two 1 x 128 multiplexers, provides continuous spectral coverage from 0.85 to 5.1 microns. Intrinsic field-of-view apertures and a unique order sorting filter require critical optical alignment within the hybrid. FPA performance requirements, design approach, and critical issues are discussed. | 2022-02-09T20:11:27.252Z |
39,468,631 | {
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"DOI": "10.1097/00007691-198103000-00013",
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} | In 12 institutionalized epilepsy patients who had been treated 19 months (SD +/- 5) with valproic acid, 27.0 mg/kg (SD +/- 11.9), phenytoin, 6.33 mg/kg (SD +/- 1.36), and co-anticonvulsants, the mean percentage of daily free valproic acid was 11.72 (SD +/- 2.10) and of phenytoin 20.39 (SD +/- 3.32). By serial within-day blood samplings for a.m., noon, and p.m. periods, the diurnal variation of percentage free valproic acid and phenytoin was determined for each patient. For morning and noon periods the variations in the percentages of free valproic acid and phenytoin were independent of each other, correlation coefficients (r) being zero for each period. In contrast, for early p.m. the correlation coefficient was highly significant at r = 0.894 (p less than 0.01). It is apparent that diurnal variations in the percentages of free valproic acid and phenytoin occur even in patients who have been treated with these compounds for more than a year. | 2022-03-10T04:32:36.235Z |
72,435,087 | {
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"DOI": "10.1192/PB.BP.109.027169",
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} | Aims and method MRCPsych courses are a mandatory part of training for psychiatric trainees, yet relatively little is known about them. A questionnaire was devised and sent to all course organisers in the UK. Results Thirty courses were identified. There was large variation in nearly all areas of content and delivery of courses, including cost, number of hours of teaching, size of course and organisation. Implementation of the College requirements in terms of service user and carer involvement was patchy. Clinical implications These courses are costly in terms of both time and money, and individuals involved in psychiatric training must be able to demonstrate that they are of a high quality and have been properly evaluated. Suggestions to improve the running of these courses include: the exchange of information among the different courses; a database of courses; and some uniformity in the appointment of those in charge of the course. | 2022-07-09T12:22:01.466Z |
113,939,662 | {
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"DOI": "10.1177/026635119000500201",
"MAG": "2582474228",
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} | This article describes the development of several methods of structural use of glass panels in spatial structures, ranging from non-loadbearing glass panels in conventional skylights around space frames, via structurally sealed glass panels also having an extra stabilising function for the metal skeleton, to structurally load-bearing glass panels, where metal elements are only used as connection elements for additional stability. The point of view of the author is that of a product-architect, who combines the profession of an architect, a structural engineer, an industrial designer on the one hand, and a manufacturer/specialist-contractor for spatial structures plus claddings in architecture on the other hand. | 2022-07-10T04:05:26.577Z |
126,898,889 | {
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"DOI": "10.22004/AG.ECON.112629",
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} | Durante muito tempo, os recursos fosseis e hidricos foram os grandes propulsores da civilizacao e da economia. O Brasil tambem se apoiou nessas fontes energeticas para o desenvolvimento de atividades industriais, agricolas, de servicos e da propria sociedade. Entretanto, vive-se hoje uma crise no abastecimento energetico, em funcao da problematica geopolitica, economica e ambiental em torno da extracao e comercializacao desses recursos, uma vez que possuem ainda, carater nao renovavel, portanto, finito na natureza. Os escassos investimentos governamentais e a abertura economica do setor energetico resultou no fim do monopolio energetico, o que favoreceu a implantacao de sistemas alternativos, na maioria, advindos da biomassa. Dentre esses, destaca-se a co-geracao de energia a partir do bagaco da cana-de-acucar, cuja implantacao e assegurada por uma safra constante, que libera elevada quantidade de residuos (palha, bagaco e vinhoto). E em periodos de estiagem ha a possibilidade de se produzir excedentes que poderao aproveitar as estruturas de transmissao de energia ja existentes para distribuicao. Essa atividade tem se tornado foco alternativo de renda e energia para muitas usinas, que juntamente com orgaos de pesquisa vem desenvolvendo tecnologias que favorecam o processo de queima para gerar excedentes. Sendo assim, esse artigo tem como objetivo principal discutir as vantagens e desvantagens da utilizacao da biomassa no Brasil, especificamente, da geracao de energia a partir do bagaco da cana-de-acucar, revelando tambem as problematicas em torno da utilizacao de fontes energeticas tradicionais. ---------------------------------------------For a long time, fossil fuels and water were the major propellants of civilization and the economy. Brazil has also supported these energy sources for the development of industrial activities, agricultural, services and the society itself. Therefore, living up today a crisis in energy supply, depending on the geopolitical problems, economic and environmental around the extraction and marketing of these resources, since they have not yet renewed character, so finite in nature. The meager governmental investments in the energy sector of economic openness resulted in the end of the energy monopoly, which favored the deployment of alternative systems, in the majority, arising from biomass. Among these includes the co-generation of power from sugar cane bagasse, whose deployment is ensured by a constant harvest, which releases large quantities of waste (straw, bagasse and vinhoto). And in drought periods there is the possibility to produce surpluses that could take the structures of existing overhead power for distribution. This activity has become focus of alternative income and energy for many plants, which together with research bodies have been developing technologies that promote the process of burning to generate surpluses. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of the use of biomass in Brazil, particularly, the generation of energy from sugar cane bagasse, revealing also the problems surrounding the use of traditional energy sources. | 2022-07-29T11:44:08.111Z |
6,950,492 | {
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"DOI": "10.1159/000144923",
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} | The nerves and nerve endings in the skin of tropical cattle were studied using histological and histochemical techniques. Many nerve trunks and fibres were present in the reticular and papillary dermis in both hairy and non-hairy skin sites. In non-hairy skin locations such as the muzzle and lower lip, encapsulated endings akin to Krause and Ruffini end bulbs, which arise from myelinated nerve trunks situated lower down the dermis were observed at the upper papillary layer level. Some fibre trunks seen at this level extended upwards to terminate within dermal papillae as bulb-shaped longitudinally lamellated Pacinian-type endings, while other onion-shaped lamellated nerve structures were located either within dermal papillae or near the dermo-epidermal area. Intraepidermal free-ending nerve fibres, appearing non-myelinated were observed in areas with thick epidermis. Intraepidermal free-ending nerve fibres, appearing non-myelinated were observed in areas with thick epidermis. On hairy skin sites, however, organized nerve endings or intraepidermal nerve endings were not readily identifiable. | 2022-09-07T19:52:15.778Z |
253,326,889 | {
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"DOI": "10.26773/smj.221010",
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"url": "https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221010"
} | Growing evidence has indicated a positive association between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., maximal aerobic capacity or VO2 max). Limited evidence, however, is available among adolescents. This research aimed to predict VO2 max based on the physical activity level and estimate the discriminant capacity of the physical activity levels on the VO2 max status among adolescents. This research was a cross-sectional study in 141 adolescents (age 19±1 year old, 83% male). The VO2 max was assessed using the 1-mile run test. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical activity Questionnaire-Long Form. Multiple linear regression was conducted to predict the VO2 max using physical activity level data (in metabolic equivalent of tasks (Mets/week), sex, and body mass index (BMI). The discriminant capacity of the total and domain-specific physical activity in discriminating high and low VO2 max was estimated with the area under the curve (AUC). The Youden Index determined cut-off points, sensitivity, and specificity. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant predicting equation of VO2 based on total physical activities, BMI, and sex. The equation explained a significant proportion of VO2 max variances. The total and domain-specific physical activity significantly discriminated low and high VO2 max status, while the highest AUC was based on total physical activity, followed by other physical activity domains. A cut-off of total physical activity levels for predicting the VO2 max was successfully generated, with high sensitivity and specificity. Adequate evidence, thus, supports the prediction of VO2 max based on self-reported physical activity levels among adolescents. | 2022-11-08T17:17:25.292Z |
172,095,685 | {
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"DOI": "10.1080/02580136.2017.1294642",
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"url": "https://philpapers.org/archive/ATTNAR.pdf"
} | This paper aims to investigate Allan Gibbard’s norm-expressivist account of normativity. In particular, the aim is to see whether Gibbard’s theory is able to account for the normativity of reason-claims. For this purpose, I first describe how I come to targeting Gibbard’s theory by setting out the main tenets of quasi-realism cum expressivism. After this, I provide a detailed interpretation of the relevant parts of Gibbard’s theory. I argue that the best reading of his account is the one that takes normativity to be carried by a controlled, coherent, comprehensive set of norms. Finally, I present a potential obstacle to Gibbard’s approach: the regress problem. The idea is to examine the structure of the non-cognitive state expressed and find it inadequate due to the possibility of an infinite regress in the justification of the norms whose acceptance it contains. I then end the paper with some concluding remarks. | 2022-12-10T01:42:49.611Z |
227,220,071 | {
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"DOI": "10.1109/ICAIE50891.2020.00124",
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} | Field practice is an integral part of plant geography teaching. In the process of practice, students can verify and consolidate the knowledge of phytogeographical science, learn the methods and better understand the spirit of phytogeographical science. In order to adapt to the reform of the curriculum system of geography specialty in the new era, and overcome many limitations such as short of field practice time and funding, it is necessary to reform the traditional plant geography field practice. Based on the analysis of the significance and problems existing in the field practice teaching of the course of plant geography, this paper puts forward the corresponding teaching reform ideas and solutions: the time and place of field practice should be diversified; the content of practice teaching should be optimized and updated in time; multiple methods of practice teaching should be adopted; the assessment and evaluation methods of practice should be scientifically constructed. The purpose is to improve the quality of field practice teaching, improve students’ scientific research literacy and comprehensive practical ability. | 2022-12-12T13:27:37.957Z |
230,549,064 | {
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"DOI": "10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04619",
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} | Hydrothermal co-liquefaction of lignite (L) and lignocellulosic biomass represented by cornstalk (CS) and pinewood sawdust (PW) was investigated in this work under various conditions in the presenc... | 2022-12-18T10:55:49.340Z |
198,985,331 | {
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"DOI": "10.1093/nutrit/nuz042",
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"url": "https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article-pdf/77/10/691/30550770/nuz042.pdf"
} | Abstract Context Previous meta-analyses evaluating the association between nut consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) had substantial methodological limitations and lacked recently published large prospective studies; hence, making an updated meta-analysis highly desirable. Objective To update the clinical guidelines for nutrition therapy in relation to the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies was conducted using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to summarize the evidence of the association between total nuts, specific types of nuts, and the incidence of, and mortality from, CVD outcomes. Data sources Relevant articles were identified by searching the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Data extraction Two independent researchers screened the articles to identify those that met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis The inverse variance method with fixed-effect or random-effects models was used to pool data across studies (expressed as risk ratio [RR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Heterogeneity was tested and quantified using the Cochrane Q test and I2-statistic, respectively. The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Results Nineteen studies were included in the analyses. The results revealed an inverse association between total nut consumption (comparing highest vs lowest categories) and CVD incidence (RR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.800.91; I2, 0%), CVD mortality (RR, 0.77; 95%CI, 0.72–0.82; I2, 3%), coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence (RR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.69–0.96; I2, 74%), CHD mortality (RR, 0.76; 95%CI, 0.67–0.86; I2, 46%), stroke mortality (RR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.75–0.93; I2, 0%), and atrial fibrillation (RR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.73–0.99; I2, 0%). No association was observed with stroke incidence and heart failure. The certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a beneficial role of nut consumption in reducing the incidence of, and mortality from, different CVD outcomes. | 2022-12-26T16:57:07.398Z |
228,250,464 | {
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"DOI": "10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1672-7088.2013.20.032",
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} | Objective To investigate medical and nursing interns' differences and similarities of role expectation on clinical nurses,and provide the basis for further carrying out physician-nurse cooperative education.Methods Using self-designed questionnaires of role expectation on clinical nurses to investigate medical and nursing interns of two degrees in Zhengzhou University who already had full ten months' internship,among them,154 medical students,145 nursing students.Results Medical and nursing students' differences were mainly on “physician-nurse collaboration and communication.Nursing students were more active than medical students.Both medical and nursing students had the lowest scores in item 15 (reverse entry)“The nurses just need to perform doctors' orders,without providing comments or suggestions”.Conclusions Colleges and clinical teachers should encourage nursing students to learn more medical knowledge,strengthen their clinical practice capacity,improve their professional competence and professionalism,thereby enhancing the status of nursing and nurses.Launching physician-nurse collaboration education in nursing and medical students,and help medical and nursing students realize nurses' different roles,improve the trust between doctors and nurses,promote the development of physician-nurse relationship.
Key words:
Medical students; Nursing students; Physician-nurse collaboration; Role expectation; Education | 2022-02-07T23:16:10.927Z |
249,771,152 | {
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"DOI": "10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.718.5",
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} | Marginal zinc (Zn) deficiency is presumed to be prevalent throughout the world. Currently, there is no reliable biomarker of Zn status. Although plasma Zn concentration is routinely used, its reliability is questionable due to tight homeostatic regulation. Herein, we utilized microarray analysis of monocytes isolated from mice fed diets differing in Zn content to identify potential biomarkers for marginal Zn deficiency in humans. Weanling male Swiss‐Webster mice were fed a diet differing only in Zn content (n=10 mice/diet) for 30 days: supplemented (180 mg Zn/kg diet), control (30 mg Zn/kg diet) and marginally low (15 mg Zn/kg diet). Weight gain, food intake, and serum Zn levels were not affected. Zn concentration in liver, small intestine, spleen, kidneys, and muscle were reduced in mice fed a Zn deficient diet. Microarray analysis revealed 433 genes whose mRNA expression differed significantly between diet groups. Of 127 annotated genes there was an effect of Zn intake on the expression of 24 genes (p<0.05) including RNA‐binding proteins, mitochondrial proteins, and protein kinases. In conclusion, our data suggest that these novel genes may be useful for establishing a gene signature for Zn nutrition, and studies are under way to validate their usefulness in assessing Zn status in human populations. Supported by Intramural Funds to SLK. | 2022-06-18T14:12:05.889Z |
216,598,278 | {
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"url": "http://uwm.edu.pl/cbew/2019_10_1/03_Bazhanov-D.pdf"
} | The article is devoted to the evolution of the functioning and status of a part of selfgovernment of the Baltic Fleet naval sailors – general assemblies – in the period of intensified political struggle in the summer of 1917. In the conditions of the February Revolution representative bodies took upon themselves the entire internal life of military service of ships’ crews. At the same time, a number of important issues was in charge of the staff meetings. During the period under review, general meetings became an alternative authority in relation to the committees, and in some cases even enjoyed great prestige. Such a situation allowed team members to take a real part in resolving issues of concern to them, which led to a further increase in the influence of meetings. By the end of the summer of 1917, general assemblies represented a serious force, which had the opportunity to take control of the entire ship’s life. | 2022-02-08T02:12:34.093Z |
41,753,781 | {
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"DOI": "10.3109/13506129808995286",
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} | Chronic low-level lead exposure is toxic to the developing nervous system. The amyloid beta precursor protein (A beta PP) plays a pivotal role in this developmental process, both as a neurotrophic/neuroprotective factor and as a mediator of cell adhesion. In this study, we have used an in vitro system to examine the interaction between chronic low-level lead and the expression and function of A beta PP. Chronic exposure of the HN9 mouse hippocampal cell line to lead chloride (10(-14) M to 10(-6) M) for 96 hours resulted in a 50% increase in the levels of the particulate form of the protein with a parallel decrease in the soluble form (A beta PP). This effect of lead was reversible following the removal of the toxin. This increase in membrane-bound A beta PP was also paralleled by an increase in cell adhesivity to a fibronectin substrate. In addition, A beta PP also acted to attenuate lead toxicity. Cells which secreted high levels of the protein were resistant to lead toxicity when compared with control cells suggesting that the protein may be acting to chelate the metal and thus attenuating its toxic action within the cell. | 2022-09-12T02:14:24.077Z |
253,788,883 | {
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"DOI": "10.3390/en15228663",
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"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8663/pdf?version=1668766495"
} | Owing to the high energy demand of buildings, which accounted for 36% of the global share in 2020, they are one of the core targets for energy-efficiency research and regulations. Hence, coupled with the increasing complexity of decentralized power grids and high renewable energy penetration, the inception of smart buildings is becoming increasingly urgent. Data-driven building energy management systems (BEMS) based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) have attracted significant research interest, particularly in recent years, primarily owing to their ability to overcome many of the challenges faced by conventional control methods related to real-time building modelling, multi-objective optimization, and the generalization of BEMS for efficient wide deployment. A PRISMA-based systematic assessment of a large database of 470 papers was conducted to review recent advancements in DRL-based BEMS for different building types, their research directions, and knowledge gaps. Five building types were identified: residential, offices, educational, data centres, and other commercial buildings. Their comparative analysis was conducted based on the types of appliances and systems controlled by the BEMS, renewable energy integration, DR, and unique system objectives other than energy, such as cost, and comfort. Moreover, it is worth considering that only approximately 11% of the recent research considers real system implementations. | 2022-11-25T01:00:12.926Z |
215,764,618 | {
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"DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevB.99.125417",
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} | Motivated by recent experimental progress, we study the effect of mechanical deformations on the superconducting pairing symmetries in monolayer black phosphorus (MBP). Starting with phonon-mediated intervalley spin-singlet electron-electron pairing and making use of realistic band parameters obtained through first-principles calculations, we show that the application of weak mechanical strain in the plane of MBP can change the effective $s$-wave and $p$-wave symmetry of the superconducting correlations into effective $d$-wave and $f$-wave symmetries, respectively. This prediction of a change in the pairing symmetries might be experimentally confirmed through angular dependence high-resolution tunneling spectroscopy, the Meissner effect, and critical temperature experiments. The idea of manipulating the superconducting symmetry class by applying planar mechanical strain can be extended to other anisotropic materials as well and may help in providing important information of the symmetries of the order parameter, perhaps even in some high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors. | 2022-12-02T04:33:51.842Z |
86,079,684 | {
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} | ABSTRACT - The aim of this work was to evaluate the fruit damage tolerance in different peach tree genotypes after natural freeze.The frost happened on September 5, 2006, and the minimum temperature, 1.5 meters over soil, was –1.06°C. Twenty- eight peach tr eegenotypes, in different stages of development, were evaluated, in a completely random design, in three replication (plants) and sixbranches by plants. Immediately after frost, we measured the number of fruits per branches, average fruit suture diameter,percentage of sprouts and percentage of twigs in formation. A second evaluation was accomplished fifteen days after the first one inorder to assess the percentage of fruit drop and the average remaining fruit suture diameter. Genotypes with good leafing and hardpit (endocarp) during frost have freeze tolerance; fruits with suture diameter lass than 20 mm are susceptible to frost damage, whilefruits with suture diameter superior to 30 mm are tolerant. Index terms: freeze injury, cold damage, fruit set, | 2022-12-16T15:10:01.490Z |
214,290,957 | {
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"DOI": "10.17265/1539-8080/2019.12.004",
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} | Students’ attention towards learning science subjects appears to be reducing at all levels of education in developing countries, like Pakistan. This problem is influenced by science teaching methodologies and learning processes. The exploration of factors influencing teaching and learning, provides suitable information for enhancing the learning of science subjects. Main objective of this study is to discover science teaching and learning methodology in secondary schools of District Khairpur Mir’s. The Questionnaire was prepared for students to explore the aspects that motivate students towards studying. The questionnaire identifies teaching methodologies with students’ achievements in response of their results. A sample of 82 students (both male & female) were selected from different schools of District Khairpur Mir’s. The age of the participants ranged between 15-18 years (with mean of 15.56 years). Their educational levels were students of grade ninth and tenth, and their socio-economic status ranged from lower-middle to upper-middle income groups. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed by percentage values. | 2022-01-27T07:17:17.819Z |
123,061,613 | {
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"DOI": "10.1017/S1743921311010684",
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} | Abstract Creation of a modern database with a wide variety of data is an important step toward a better understanding of the Be phenomenon. In an effort to do that, I refined the existing catalog of Galactic Be stars and collected available observational data for 340 brightest objects and present some results of these data analysis. New candidates for Be binaries, which seem to represent a large fraction of Be stars, are suggested. Importance of the circumstellar optical continuum for modeling of the Be star envelopes is illustrated. | 2022-02-09T18:49:30.488Z |
115,356,325 | {
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"DOI": "10.31031/TTEFT.2018.02.000544",
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} | The Body: Fashion & Physique Emma McClendon [1] concerns clothing for men and women and what interventions are required to fit bodies into those fashions [1]. It begins with a quick tour of garments and stays, corsets and crinolines from the 18th and 19th centuries to introduce the manipulation of bodies into an ideal. As the exhibit enters the 20th century, undergarments relying on elastic fabrics and bra construction do not suffice and it takes lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, surgery) to mold the body. | 2022-02-10T00:51:17.205Z |
128,872,741 | {
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"DOI": "10.1117/12.323446",
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} | The multiplicative model has been widely used to explain the statistical properties of SAR images. In it, the model for the image Z is a 2D random field, that is regarded as the result of the product of X, the backscatter that depends on the physical characteristics of the sensed area, and Y, the speckle that depends on the number of looks used to generate the image Z. The most famous distribution for SAR images based on the multiplicative model is the K distribution (Jackeman et al). Recently Frery et al. proposed an alternative distribution, the G0A((alpha) ,(gamma) ,n) distribution which models very well extremely heterogenous areas (cities) as well as moderately heterogeneous areas (forest) and homogeneous areas (crop fields). The ground truth at each pixel can be characterized by the statistical parameters (alpha) and (gamma) , while n is constant for all of the pixels. The purpose of estimating these parameters for every pixel is twofold: first, it can be used to perform a segmentation process and, second, it can be used for gray level restoration. In this work we follow a Markov random field approach and propose an energy function derived from the statistical model adopted: G0A((alpha) ,(gamma) ,n). Edge- preservation is taken into account implicitly in the energy function. | 2022-08-25T00:20:01.222Z |
25,061,557 | {
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"DOI": "10.1210/ENDO-111-1-125",
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} | The presence of cytosol and nuclear estrogen receptors has been demonstrated in chimpanzee sex skin. Both receptors sedimented at approximately 4S in sucrose gradients containing 0.6 M KCl. Both had a steroid specificity and high affinity for estrogen that conform to an estrogen receptor. The absence of such receptors in the pigmented skin surrounding the sex skin and in the abdominal skin indicates their discrete localization in the sex skin. While the cytosol receptor remained low (less than 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein), the nuclear estrogen receptor showed a fluctuation during the menstrual cycle, attaining the highest level during the late follicular phase (90.4 +/- 8.4 fmol/mg nuclear extract protein; nearly 3-4 times the level during the early follicular and luteal phases). When ovariectomized animals were treated with mestranol, the concentration of nuclear estrogen receptor increased from below detection to 74 fmol/mg nuclear extract protein. An increase in serum progesterone during the luteal phase, despite concurrently elevated serum estradiol levels, was associated with a reduction of the nuclear estrogen receptor as was the administration of progesterone and mestranol to estrogen-primed ovariectomized animals. Changes in the concentration of the nuclear estrogen receptor were positively correlated with changes in the degree of the sexual swelling. These results strongly suggest that estrogen controls the sexual swelling by acting through specific receptors in the sex skin, and that counteraction by progesterone of estrogen stimulation of the sexual swelling is effected through a reduction in nuclear estrogen receptors. | 2022-10-16T16:46:10.658Z |
156,801,206 | {
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"url": "https://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2020/20891/pdf/Iusmen_Stalford_2020_Iusmen_Stalford_Introduction.pdf"
} | This edited collection critiques, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the growing body of EU children’s rights activities in the light of broader global political, economic and legal processes. Specifically, it interrogates whether EU intervention effectively responds to what are perceived as global violations of children’s rights; the extent to which EU efforts to uphold children’s rights complement and reinforce parallel national and international pursuits. Moreover, it scrutinises the compatibility of EU children’s rights measures with the principles and provisions enshrined in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). | 2022-11-01T14:05:34.470Z |
250,115,896 | {
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"url": "https://www.scielo.br/j/bdj/a/hp3hyX5PwTmn7Nbp5GpNKQw/?lang=en&format=pdf"
} | Abstract This study investigated the effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) inhibitor on degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), Knoop microhardness (KH), microhardness reduction (HR), and consistency of experimental resin composites at different BHT concentrations: C0 (control-0%); C0.01 (0.01%); C0.025 (0.025%); C0.05 (0.05%); C0.1 (0.1%); and C0.5 (0.5%). For the consistency, the composites were tested immediately after being exposed to a dental chair headlight (0, 20, 40 and 60 s). Data concerning DC, FS, FM, KH, and HR were submitted to one-way ANOVA, while the consistency data was submitted to 2-way ANOVA; mean values were then compared (Tukey’s test; α=0.05). The KH, FS and FM analyses showed no significant difference among the composites tested. For DC, C0 showed the highest mean value (74.2%) and differed only from C0.5 (67.2%). For HR, C0.5 showed the lowest mean (13.09%) value and differed from C0 (26.4%) and C0.01 (24.87). The consistency analysis showed no difference among C0.05, C0.1 and C0.5, considering 0 and 20 s of light exposure, while C0 (14.07 mm), C0.01 (13.97 mm), and C0.025 (14.18 mm) showed higher mean values at 0 s when compared to 20 s (12.67, 12.77 and 13.05 mm, respectivelly). Polymerization occurred within 40 s of light exposure for C0, C0.01, C0.025, and C0.05 and within 60 s for C0.1. In conclusion, the BHT concentrations had no significant influence on FS, FM and KH. The higher the BHT concentration, the longer was its handling time under light, with a significant improvement in the HR, but a decrease in DC. Therefore, BHT at 0.1% showed the best outcomes concerning all the BHT concentrations tested. | 2022-11-25T00:37:02.290Z |
152,088,056 | {
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} | In this chapter, we first review the research on internationally adopted (IA) children’s experiences with birth families. Then we focus on literature related to institutional care and its impact on young children’s development, as well as the impact of pre-adoption adversity on IA children’s post-adoption development. We aim to highlight the challenges facing adoption research in linking pre-adoption adversities with post-adoption outcomes. We emphasize that the challenges are mainly due to two methodological barriers: challenges in prospectively identifying and studying children who will be abandoned, institutionalized, and later adopted, and the lack of standardized post-adoption measures that can be used among IA children from different countries. Notwithstanding such limitations, findings point to the links between prolonged and severe pre-adoption deprivation and neurobiological impairments, post-adoption cognitive delays, attention problems, and learning disabilities. Finally, we emphasize that despite pre-adoption adversity, IA children demonstrate considerable resilience in recovery and developmental catch-up. | 2022-12-15T02:20:14.392Z |
7,103,090 | {
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"DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0369-07.2007",
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} | Behavioral flexibility, in the form of strategy switching or set shifting, helps animals cope with changing contingencies in familiar environments. The prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) regions of the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) contribute to this ability so that rats trained to use one strategy have difficulty learning a new one if the PL/IL is inactivated. Thus, the PL/IL mediates learning new tasks in place of old ones, but it may also be required to switch between familiar tasks. To test this hypothesis, we trained rats to perform multiple task switches on a plus-shaped maze, alternating between two familiar tasks. Muscimol inactivation of the PL/IL never impaired switch acquisition, but did impair memory for the recently acquired switch 24 h later. Additional experiments determined that control rats continued to perform the new task 24 h after a switch, but rats with PL/IL inactivation had impaired memory and performed the same task that was learned before inactivation. This impairment was observed in multiple switches, demonstrating that PL/IL activity was required to remember which of two familiar tasks was most recently successful. After many switches, however, muscimol no longer impaired performance, and both saline- and muscimol-infused rats appeared to use immediate task contingencies rather than memory to select among familiar tasks. This strategy may account for the decreased effect of PL/IL inactivation observed after extensive training. Thus, although PL/IL activity contributed to memory for multiple task switches, it was not required for flexibly selecting among highly familiar tasks. | 2022-12-28T19:57:27.606Z |
188,911,897 | {
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"DOI": "10.3139/104.111826",
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} | Kurzfassung Das Short Cycle Stretchforming (SCS) ist ein neuartiges Verfahren des kombinierten Tief- und Streckziehens, das ursprünglich für die Herstellung von Außenhautteilen von Kraftfahrzeugen entwickelt wurde. Im Rahmen einer Weiterentwicklung wurde diese Technologie erfolgreich in den Herstellungsprozess von Dosen und Behältern aus Blech integriert und dadurch Materialeinsparungen von 3 Prozent realisiert. | 2022-01-27T19:41:41.515Z |
242,208,499 | {
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"DOI": "10.26495/icti.v8i1.1536",
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"license": "CCBYNCSA",
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"url": "http://revistas.uss.edu.pe/index.php/ING/article/download/1536/2184"
} | En el presente proyecto de investigación contempla el diseño de una máquina portátil del secado de grano de arroz, orientado en las necesidades del pequeño productor de arroz de la región Lambayeque y así incrementar el valor de su producción, con la optimización el secado tradicional en su proceso, obteniendo la humedad en un valor adecuado en el menor tiempo, mediante teorías científicas de diseño mecánico aplicando cálculo analítico, así mismo se realizará la simulación, diseño y ajustes de parámetros en SOLIDWORKS software de ingeniería. Además, el presente diseño busca optimizar recurso y economía haciendo que la máquina sea portátil utilizando como combustible la cascarilla de arroz con capacidad de silo de 7m3, en un sistema compacto de remolque, la cual soportará diferentes componentes del trabajo integrados los que brindaran los beneficios de una secadora industrial de arroz, considerando las normativas vehiculares vigentes, las que influencian en la optimización. | 2022-09-02T04:57:57.794Z |
124,342,580 | {
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"DOI": "10.2514/1.J053879",
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} | The modified NACA 643-618 airfoil of the Aeromot 200S Super Ximango motorglider was chosen for wing section simulations at Re=300,000 and α=15 deg. A coarse-grid direct numerical simulation was carried out to obtain detailed reference data. A laminar separation bubble close to the leading edge causes transition to turbulence of the suction-side boundary layer. The turbulent boundary layer separates near midchord. The considerable computational expense of this simulation provided the motivation for hybrid simulations based on the k-ω model and a one-equation renormalization group model. An extension to the turbulence models that “seeds” synthetic turbulence velocity fluctuations in the parts of the flowfield where the grid resolution changes is proposed but was found to have little effect on the mean flow. When the model contribution was too low, the turbulent boundary layer on the airfoil suction surface separated too early. By increasing the model contribution, a reasonable agreement with the reference ... | 2022-09-05T21:24:18.483Z |
40,685,893 | {
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"DOI": "10.1093/BRAIN/AWL092",
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} | The use of any drug ideally represents a decision based on objective, scientifically based cost–benefit analyses that factor in both the short and long-term effects of that exposure. Pharmacological, toxicological, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations that are deemed to be essential for the rational use of any therapeutic agent are therefore part of the usual drug approval process. With regard to marijuana, sociopolitical factors have intervened in this scientific process. Three major lay perspectives appear to dominate the societal view of marijuana—the ‘reefer madness’ camp holding the view that there are no redeeming attributes to the ‘evil weed’, the ‘innocuous’ camp who consider it to be a harmless recreational substance and the ‘medical marijuana’ camp that believes marijuana to be a panacea for a multitude of aches, pains and chronic diseases with, of course, every shade of opinion in-between. On the scientific front, three trends preface nearly every recent journal article concerning marijuana—the significant prevalence of marijuana use, the changes in age of first use (Kohn et al ., 2005; Monshouwer et al ., 2005) and the increasing strength of the drug, leading to higher acute and chronic exposures (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2005; Pijlman et al ., 2005). For example, in 2004 ∼96.8 (40.2%), 25.5 (10.6%) and 14.6 (6.1%) million Americans aged 12 and older were considered to have used marijuana within their lifetime, the last year, and the last month, respectively (Office of National Drug Control Policy, 2006). However, in the 3 of the 11 states in which medical use of marijuana is legal, and for which statistics are available, 0.05% of the population are registered, i.e. legal, users (General Accounting Office, 2002). Even though marijuana is available from pharmacies in the Netherlands, 80% of users secure their drug via illicit channels (Erkens et al ., … | 2022-10-14T00:37:18.588Z |
244,586,900 | {
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"DOI": "10.1109/tsg.2021.3120323",
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} | Reduced-order converter models have attracted attention in microgrid applications for being less computationally expensive and simpler to analyze. However, most of the models already developed in the literature only include basic control loops, while control additions such as virtual impedances and the effect of internal control loops are typically neglected. Also, the frequency range in which these models are applicable has not been thoroughly studied. In this paper, a low-order reduced-order model of a droop-controlled converter that includes internal control loops and virtual impedances is derived. The validity of the assumptions used to reduce the model is analyzed and a criterion for deciding the frequency range in which the model can be used is proposed. Differences between transient and quasi-stationary virtual impedances are highlighted by using the proposed modelling method. In particular, it is analytically shown that quasi-stationary virtual impedances have a larger stability region compared to transient virtual impedances. Simulation and experimental results based on a 60 kVA converter are used to validate the main contributions of this work. | 2022-10-27T06:52:42.050Z |
253,482,951 | {
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"DOI": "10.26656/fr.2017.6(6).648",
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"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.6(6).648"
} | Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) results in disturbing glucose
transport into the cells and increases glucose production in the liver and exacerbates
hyperglycemia. It is also correlated with a decrease of adenosine monophosphateactivated protein kinase (AMPK) expression that has effects on insulin resistance
aggravation, antioxidant capacity impairment, and glucose-lipid homeostasis disturbance
indicates AMPK as a significant target for type 2 DM prevention and treatment. The
flavonoid content of Carica pubescens (CP) fruit contains anti-hyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties, however, there is no study about its effect on AMPK
expression. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CP fruit juice and rutin on
preventing liver damage in type 2 DM through the pathway of AMPK, superoxide
dismutase (SOD), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG). The
experimental design was a post-test only control group. The immunohistochemical
method was used to examine AMPK expression in 25 liver paraffin blocks from five
groups of male Wistar rats: C1 = negative control; C2 = type 2 DM; C3 and C4 = type 2
DM given fruit juice at a dosage of 4 g CP/200 g BW/day and 8 g CP/200 g BW/day,
respectively; and C5 = type 2 DM given rutin 10 mg/200 g BW/day, for 30 days
treatment. AMPK expression in the liver significantly increased in the C3, C4, and C5
compared to the C2 group (p<0.05). There was no significant variation in AMPK
expression among C3, C4, or C5, showing that C1 possesses the same capabilities as C4
and C5 groups. The increase in AMPK expression was followed by SOD and HDL levels
and lower TG levels. However, a significant correlation was shown in the TG level only.
This indicates CP fruit juice and rutin can act as a hepatoprotective to prevent liver
damage through the AMPK pathway due to type 2 DM conditions. | 2022-11-25T00:48:35.503Z |
99,857,069 | {
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"DOI": "10.1021/ACS.ORGANOMET.6B00615",
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} | The C–Cl bond cis oxidative addition of 12 chloroarenes, including chlorobenzene, chlorotoluenes, chlorofluorobenzenes, and di- and trichlorobenzenes to RhH{xant(PiPr2)2} (1; xant(PiPr2)2 = 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diisopropylphosphino)xanthene) and the ability of the resulting rhodium(III) species to undergo reductive elimination reactions are reported. Complex 1 reacts with chlorobenzene to give RhHCl(C6H5){xant(PiPr2)2} (2), which eliminates benzene to afford RhCl{xant(PiPr2)2} (3). On the other hand, in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu), it undergoes dehydrodechlorination to yield Rh(C6H5){xant(PiPr2)2} (4). The reactions of 1 with 3- and 4-chlorotoluenes lead to RhHCl(C6H4-3-Me){xant(PiPr2)2} (5) and RhHCl(C6H4-4-Me){xant(PiPr2)2} (6), respectively. Treatment of the acetone solutions of both compounds with KOtBu also results in their dehydrodechlorination to give Rh(C6H4-3-Me){xant(PiPr2)2} (7) and Rh(C6H4-4-Me){xant(PiPr2)2} (8). Chlorofluorobenzenes undergo both C–Cl oxidative addition an... | 2022-12-17T05:08:10.109Z |
4,669,131 | {
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"DOI": "10.2196/ijmr.4549",
"MAG": "2227663907",
"PubMedCentral": "4723723"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/ijmr.4549"
} | Background Technologies like electronic health records or telemedicine devices support the rapid mediation of health information and clinical data independent of time and location between patients and their physicians as well as among health care professionals. Today, every part of the treatment process from diagnosis, treatment selection, and application to patient education and long-term care may be enhanced by a quality-assured implementation of health information technology (HIT) that also takes data security standards and concerns into account. In order to increase the level of effectively realized benefits of eHealth services, a user-driven needs assessment should ensure the inclusion of health care professional perspectives into the process of technology development as we did in the development process of the Multiple Sclerosis Documentation System 3D. After analyzing the use of information technology by patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, we focused on the needs of neurological health care professionals and their handling of health information technology. Objective Therefore, we researched the status quo of eHealth adoption in neurological practices and clinics as well as health care professional opinions about potential benefits and requirements of eHealth services in the field of multiple sclerosis. Methods We conducted a paper-and-pencil–based mail survey in 2013 by sending our questionnaire to 600 randomly chosen neurological practices in Germany. The questionnaire consisted of 24 items covering characteristics of participating neurological practices (4 items), the current use of network technology and the Internet in such neurological practices (5 items), physicians’ attitudes toward the general and MS-related usefulness of eHealth systems (8 items) and toward the clinical documentation via electronic health records (4 items), and physicians’ knowledge about the Multiple Sclerosis Documentation System (3 items). Results From 600 mailed surveys, 74 completed surveys were returned. As much as 9 of the 10 practices were already connected to the Internet (67/74), but only 49% preferred a permanent access. The most common type of HIT infrastructure was a complete practice network with several access points. Considering data sharing with research registers, 43% opted for an online interface, whereas 58% decided on an offline method of data transmission. eHealth services were perceived as generally useful for physicians and nurses in neurological practices with highest capabilities for improvements in clinical documentation, data acquisition, diagnosis of specific MS symptoms, physician-patient communication, and patient education. Practices specialized in MS in comparison with other neurological practices presented an increased interest in online documentation. Among the participating centers, 91% welcomed the opportunity of a specific clinical documentation for MS and 87% showed great interest in an extended and more interconnected electronic documentation of MS patients. Clinical parameters (59/74) were most important in documentation, followed by symptomatic parameters like measures of fatigue or depression (53/74) and quality of life (47/74). Conclusions Physicians and nurses may significantly benefit from an electronically assisted documentation and patient management. Many aspects of patient documentation and education will be enhanced by eHealth services if the most informative measures are integrated in an easy-to-use and easily connectable approach. MS-specific eHealth services were highly appreciated, but the current level of adoption is still behind the level of interest in an extended and more interconnected electronic documentation of MS patients. | 2022-12-19T00:24:09.566Z |
130,020,583 | {
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"DOI": "10.1080/16742834.2011.11446941",
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"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
} | Abstract A combination of the optimal subset regression (OSR) approach, the coupled general circulation model of the National Climate Center (NCC-CGCM) and precipitation observations from 160 stations over China is used to construct a statistical downscaling forecast model for precipitation in summer. Retroactive forecasts are performed to assess the skill of statistical downscaling during the period from 2003 to 2009. The results show a poor simulation for summer precipitation by the NCC-CGCM for China, and the average spatial anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) is 0.01 in the forecast period. The forecast skill can be improved by OSR statistical downscaling, and the OSR forecast performs better than the NCC-CGCM in most years except 2003. The spatial ACC is more than 0.2 in the years 2008 and 2009, which proves to be relatively skillful. Moreover, the statistical downscaling forecast performs relatively well for the main rain belt of the summer precipitation in some years, including 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2009. However, the forecast skill of statistical downscaling is restricted to some extent by the relatively low skill of the NCC-CGCM. | 2022-12-30T00:48:21.710Z |
230,550,733 | {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4236/ojepi.2021.111002",
"MAG": "3111956683",
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},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=105902"
} | Introduction: The consequences of shift work on health, psychological balance and socio-family life are multiple and universally known. Objective: The aim of this survey was to describe the impact of shift work on nurses’ health and quality life. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of the exposed and non-exposed type from May 2013 to July 2013, i.e. for a period of 3 months. We had included and divided into two groups the nurses working in the various departments of the Loandjili General Hospital (LGH). A questionnaire derived from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale had been used to collect the data. Results: Of the 91 nurses considered, including 59 in shift work (group I) and 32 in daytime work (group II), significant associations were found between shift work on the one hand and sleep problems on the other hand in all these aspects, stress and appetite disturbances. However, no significant association was found between shift work on the one hand and the use of sleeping pills on the other hand. Fatigue, mood disorders and the notion of free time (at home and for leisure), although the frequencies are relatively high in the group of nurses on shift work. Conclusion: Our results show that nurses’ health, social and family life at Loandjili General Hospital are negatively impacted by shift work. There is a need to put in place means of prevention. | 2022-02-07T22:35:09.968Z |
222,548,210 | {
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"DOI": "10.5006/0010-9312-12.2.48",
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} | Abstract Rapid corrosion occurs through pitting when annealed Type 302 stainless steel sheets are suspended in ferric chloride solution. Dissolution of sample can approach completion with unexpectedly little alteration in appearance of surface. Rate of weight loss with different samples is surprisingly similar with the following four zones distinguishable in most cases: (1) a short induction period, (2) a zone of fairly constant, slow rate, which changes slowly into, (3) a zone of rapid rate, and finally (when less than 2 percent of the sample remains) into (4), a zone in which the rate is negligible. Distinct rate zones do not exist if one side of the stainless steel plate is covered with a thin film of evaporated gold. Corrosion then is rapid at the outset, and the rate gradually decreases. Induction-period experiments done with the aid of a microbalance show that corrosion begins within one minute after a clean dry coupon is immersed in ferric chloride solution. It has been demonstrated that measuremen... | 2022-02-25T23:25:58.499Z |
239,489,105 | {
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"DOI": "10.47329/aktualjustice.v3i2.536",
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},
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"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "http://ojs.unr.ac.id/index.php/aktualjustice/article/download/536/519"
} | The juridical basis for supervision of foreign venture capital companies is contained in the provisions of Capital Law No. 21 of 2008 concerning the Financial Services Authority (OJK), Presidential Regulation No. 9 of 2009 concerning Financing Institutions and Minister of Finance Regulation No. 18 / PMK.010 / 2012 concerning Venture Capital Companies. Foreign venture capital companies that invest directly in Indonesia are a form of foreign investment. This is inseparable from the wide scope of foreign capital, which is defined as capital owned by foreign countries, individual foreign citizens, foreign business entities, foreign legal entities, and / or Indonesian legal entities whose capital is partly or wholly owned by foreign parties. Supervision of foreign investment is carried out by the Investment Coordinating Board in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 25 of 2007 concerning Investment. In accordance with the provisions in Permenkeu No. 18 / PMK / 0.10 / 2012 explained that the scope of supervision of venture capital carried out by the OJK is only limited to PMV Indonesia (Cooperatives or Limited Liability Companies). The implication is that OJK cannot supervise foreign PMVs that carry out direct financing. Because financing activities by foreign venture capital companies have intersecting rules, it is appropriate that foreign venture capital regulations only follow one specific rule. The regulation regarding financing institutions is only regulated in a Presidential Regulation. Although hierarchically, the status of the Perpres is an implementing regulation of the Law, the substance it regulates is not identical with the provisions of the Law which mandates it. Therefore, the provisions regarding financing activities should be regulated in a separate Law | 2022-04-30T12:26:54.582Z |
1,384,388 | {
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"DOI": "10.1109/CBMS.2014.146",
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} | DNA is a long polymer being famous for its doublehelix form at the lower level, and for its chromosome packaging at higher levels of detail. Nonetheless DNA exists in many possible conformations, including A-DNA, B-DNA and Z-DNA forms. B-DNA is the most common form found in cells. Non-B DNAs comprise of tetraplex (G-quadruplex), left-handed Z-DNA, and others. Several recent publications have provided significant evidence that non-B DNA structures may play a role in DNA instability and mutagenesis, leading to both DNA rearrangements and increased mutational rates, which are a hallmark of cancer related diseases. Studying the structure conformation and probability of non-B DNA structure, may help in studying diseases as well as designing of new drugs. Nevertheless, even if there are some examples of prediction tools, the topic of designing efficient prediction algorithms and tools for G-quadruplex prediction is still in its infancy.As a contribution in this new area, we present preliminary results and statistics obtained by using the state of the art software tools able to predict G-quadruplex DNA conformations starting from the primary sequence. We used existing tools as well as known structures to define the state of the art and the current value of prediction tools. We believe that our study may represent an important contribution through the definition of reliable Gquadruplex prediction tools. | 2022-09-04T04:13:51.544Z |
137,647,573 | {
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"DOI": "10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.955-959.289",
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} | The objective of this paper is to optimize the design and structure of an airlift-driven raceway bioreactor via the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation for microalgae cultivation. The calculated results showed that the airlift-driven raceway bioreactor had maximum average velocity when setting two airlift tubes (of 350 mm in length) in the middle, furthermore adding the inducing baffle structure. Under this condition, minimum dead zone ratio was obtained, which was advantageous to the microalgae cultivaiton. | 2022-09-14T06:09:25.876Z |
18,658,524 | {
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"DOI": "10.1109/ISDEA.2012.31",
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} | In order to achieve the rapid and mass diagnosis of fish diseases, it is proposed to set up a new and efficient model which closely connects rough set and Fuzzy C-means(FCM) clustering algorithm. First, the rough set was used for access to knowledge, that is, the typical cases of fish diseases were regarded as sample room for the formation of the decision-making table of the “symptoms - disease”; next, based on rough set of simplified method of knowledge, redundant properties and samples were removed; then, the fine performance of FCM clustering algorithm was used to analyze clustering; and finally fish diseases classification rules were formed. The model integrated the strong extracting capabilities of rough set and the excellent classifying ability of FCM clustering algorithm, and proved experimentally to be efficient in classification and rapid in fish diseases diagnosis. | 2022-11-18T08:51:02.920Z |
80,039,522 | {
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"DOI": "10.5455/JTOMC.2017.11.141",
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} | Obesity is a chronic disease with increasing rates of morbidity and mortality, and it significantly affects public health. Bariatric surgical methods, particularly laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), provide effective weight loss and control (1). Patients should be examined with respect to concomitant pathologies before LSG. In particular, gastric pathologies may alter the surgical procedure. Two-thirds of the gastrointestinal stromal tumors develop in the stomach (2). Such slowly-growing sub-mucosal tumors can occasionally ulcerate and result in bleeding, but in most cases they are only incidentally identified. Very large lesions may result in abdominal pain, a sense of fullness and weight loss. While endoscopy and biopsy are crucial for diagnosis, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) may also be helpful. Computerized tomography of the abdomen, pelvis and thorax is crucial to identify metastases and the primary tumor. In such tumors, wedge resection with clean borders is the adequate method of surgical therapy (3). While there is no known relation between gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and obesity, patients should be examined before bariatric surgery in terms of lesions that may have an asymptomatic course, such as GIST, lymphoma and leiomyoma. Several studies have reported that GIST-like pathologies may be detected during bariatric surgery procedures or postoperative histopathological examinations of the resected gastric specimen (4). A 57 years-old male patient was admitted to our clinics for a planned LSG due to morbid obesity. His body weight was 153 kg and height was 164 cm, his BMI was calculated as 56.6 kg/m2. Upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy indicated chronic active gastritis and an abdominal ultrasonography was performed as the patient reported abdominal pain. Ultrasonography showed cholelithiasis and a mass with an unclear origin located in the epigastric region of the posterior aspect of anterior abdominal wall. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass originating from the stomach wall, starting from the antrum with an anterior superior exophytic extension towards the large curvature. The mass was measured as 90 x 50 x 53 mm at the most pronounced position and it was found to be consistent with GIST (Figure 1-2). | 2022-09-08T14:59:53.595Z |
226,445,386 | {
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"DOI": "10.4018/978-1-7998-3126-6.ch012",
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} | This chapter discusses the opportunities and challenges involved in combining the two fields of neuroscience and talent management (often abbreviated as TM), starting from the assumption that the need to merge them is justified by their complementarities, rather than by the level of analysis they focus on. The authors discuss potential benefits and drawbacks for management research using methods obtained from cognitive neuroscience. Firstly, they discuss distinct advantages in applying techniques allowing researchers to track processes that are essential to the talent management field, warning that neuroscientific approaches and technologies are not commonly used. Secondly, they define main problems, which describe the limits within which management scientists can usefully apply these approaches. Thirdly, they suggest a new perspective that incorporates the complementary capacities of managers and neuroscientists to generate useful information and perspective for both disciplines. | 2022-12-15T09:55:09.863Z |
247,783,788 | {
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"DOI": "10.3389/fmars.2022.845903",
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"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.845903/pdf"
} | Tintinnids are a group of ciliated microzooplankton, who spontaneously settle on marine snow and other aggregates. Tintinnids create a feeding current that draws particles towards their mouth using a crown of continuously beating oral cilia. Similarly to other ciliated microzooplankton, not all encountered particles are ingested. However, it is unclear what is the mechanistic and behavioral basis of this selectivity. Here, we used particle tracking velocimetry to quantify the feeding flow, prey fate, and cilia beat frequency. We then asked (1) what determines the encounter rate with prey, (2) at which stages of the feeding sequence does selectivity develop, and (3) which predator’s behaviors modify selectivity. We found that the speed of the tintinnids’ feeding currents is modulated by their cilia beat frequency. Individual tintinnids were observed to modify their cilia beat frequency during foraging, resulting in ~3-fold acceleration or deceleration of the flow speed within seconds. Selectivity changed throughout the feeding sequence as tintinnids preferentially captured larger prey but subsequently preferentially ingested spherical over prolate prey. Short bouts of flow reversal mitigated the preference for larger prey during both encounter and handling. Overall, we show that individual tintinnids were able to modulate cilia kinematics, which affected encounter rates, encounter outcome, and handling outcome. The tintinnids’ ability to modulate their cilia kinematics is a major component of their feeding behavior. | 2022-12-24T17:55:51.843Z |
1,773,801 | {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/URS.2009.5137703",
"MAG": "2157712010",
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},
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} | Mobile mapping is a new way of efficiently collecting three-dimensional data from the road environment. Mobile mapping systems are cost efficient and robust technique to acquire information about even highly dynamic environments like highways and urban streets, where the data collection has previously been laborious and even dangerous for the staff performing the surveying. The dynamic mobile mapping systems could access the site with less risk to the personnel and with less need for road closures. The need for high resolution and details captured in to the data for street and road inventories, or city modelling, are the main reasons for the rapid adoption of the mobile mapping techniques in these fields. | 2022-12-28T18:12:56.743Z |
204,847,817 | {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3389/fphar.2019.01235",
"MAG": "2981719379",
"PubMedCentral": "6821876"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2019.01235/pdf"
} | The idiosyncratic nature of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) represents a current challenge for drug developers, regulators and clinicians. The myriad of agents (including medications, herbals, and dietary supplements) with recognized DILI potential not only strengthens the importance of the post-marketing phase, when urgent withdrawal sometimes occurs for rare unanticipated liver toxicity, but also shows the imperfect predictivity of pre-clinical models and the lack of validated biomarkers beyond traditional, non-specific liver function tests. After briefly reviewing proposed key mechanisms of DILI, we will focus on drug-related risk factors (physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties) recently proposed as predictors of DILI and use cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, relatively novel oral anticancer medications approved for breast cancer, as a case study to discuss the feasibility of early detection of DILI signals during drug development: published data from pivotal clinical trials, unpublished post-marketing reports of liver adverse events, and pharmacokinetic properties will be used to provide a comparative evaluation of their liver safety and gain insight into drug-related risk factors likely to explain the observed differences. | 2023-01-01T17:29:30.231Z |
153,821,146 | {
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"DOI": "10.1006/JEEM.1997.1008",
"MAG": "2013964819",
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} | Abstract We examine the effectiveness of federal environmental policy designed to control transboundary pollution. Federal policy is shaped after the hierarchy of the system, and is controlled simultaneously by regional and central governments; each level controls one of two policy instruments: pollution abatement and tax. We obtain larger than socially desirable levels of transboundary pollution when the central government is the policy leader. Federal policy, however, may be socially efficient when regional governments are leaders whenever income transfers, chosen by the central government, provide incentives for efficient decentralized behavior. Our findings are useful to environmental policy design in the European Union. | 2023-01-01T18:42:23.431Z |
128,588,194 | {
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"DOI": "10.1029/2009GL041939",
"MAG": "2796013555",
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} | The Alaska Coastal Current (ACC) is driven by multiple sources of coastal freshwater discharge and propagates alongshore over hundreds of kilometers. The ACC is also subject to downwelling‐favorable winds associated with cyclonic wind systems. Spatially‐uniform, downwelling winds trap the buoyant ACC waters nearshore. However, we demonstrate with numerical experiments that spatial wind variations, due either to a stationary or translating cyclone, can enhance the offshore transport of buoyant coastal waters in comparison to no‐wind conditions. A stationary atmospheric cyclone induces a strong convergence in the coastal current at the upstream periphery of the cyclone. This convergence generates an offshore filament of buoyant water, which evolves into detached anticyclone. A transient atmospheric cyclone enhances the offshore spreading of freshwater by intensifying mesoscale variability of the coastal current. Thus, the spatial structure of the wind field represents a potentially important mechanism for cross‐shelf freshwater transport. | 2022-03-29T04:37:34.520Z |
235,766,331 | {
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"DOI": "10.1155/2021/6664489",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "8235983"
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"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6664489"
} | Background Lung cancer has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate, and patients may develop multidrug resistance. Sparganii Rhizoma-Curcumae Rhizoma (HCSC), the classic herbal drug combination of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is commonly used in treating tumors, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Method We explored the possible mechanisms underlying the antitumor effect of HCSC using network pharmacology. The bioactive components of HCSC and their targets were collected from the TCM Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and PharmMapper. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed; the GeneMANIA platform was used for the functional enrichment analysis of the core targets and their neighboring genes. Molecular docking was performed between the bioactive components and core targets. HCSC freeze-dried powder was prepared, and the bioactive components were verified by liquid chromatography- (LC-) mass spectrometry (MS). Human lung adenocarcinoma H1975 cells were cultured to verify in vitro the molecular mechanism of action of HCSC in treating lung cancer, as predicted by network pharmacology. Finally, we used the Symmap database to predict the relationship between the herb and TCM syndrome. Result A total of seven bioactive components were identified by network pharmacological analysis. Through enrichment analyses, it was found that the mechanism of action mainly involved mitochondrial-mediated caspase-dependent cell apoptosis signaling pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that the bioactive components in HCSC have a good affinity with the target proteins (ALB, BCL2L1, ESR1, HRAS, MAP2K1, MAPK14, and SIRT1). LC-MS confirmed that formononetin and bisdemethoxycurcumin were present in the HCSC freeze-dried powder, consistent with the prediction. The results of in vitro experiments on NCI-H1975 cells confirmed that HCSC can upregulate the mitochondrial-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis signaling pathway by inducing the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP, consistent with the network pharmacology prediction. Further, the qi deficiency and blood stasis associated with TCM syndrome can be treated with HCSC. | 2022-04-20T01:53:03.223Z |
76,930,062 | {
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"DOI": "10.1136/BMJ.39405.660243.59",
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} | In his essay “Nature” (one of the Three Essays on Religion published posthumously in 1874), John Stuart Mill denies that one can decide on the morality or immorality of a course of action by describing it as natural or unnatural. Either the word “nature” means all that occurs in the universe; or it means all that happens in the universe with the exception of the deliberate actions of mankind. In neither sense can nature provide us with any moral guidance. This is obviously of interest to medical ethicists struggling with morality or otherwise of genetic engineering.
The following words appear in Mill's essay: “The consciousness that whatever man does to improve his condition is in so much a censure and a thwarting of the spontaneous order of Nature, has in all ages caused new and unprecedented attempts at improvement to be generally at first under a shade of religious suspicion . . .”
In my copy, a first edition, a previous owner (a Victorian, to judge by the handwriting) has written the word “Chloriform” (sic) in the margin opposite these words. And this, of course, brings me to Sir James Young Simpson's pamphlet, “Answer to the Religious Objections Advanced Against the Employment of Anaesthetic Agents in Midwiferey and Surgery,” which he wrote in December 1847, shortly after his discovery of chloroform anaesthesia.
Simpson, a man of fairly humble background—who, showing extraordinary academic promise at an early age, was selected by his father from among his siblings for an education—was a man of wide interests, including archaeology; he loved nothing so much as a good controversy. He was a formidable pamphleteer, commanding an excellent, vigorous style in the service of relentless logic.
He argues against those who said that to give chloroform to women in labour was impiously to try to reverse God's curse on women in Genesis, “in sorrow shalt though bring forth children.” If this part of the curse were taken literally to mean physically pain, he says, why not the other part of the curse, that “in the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread?” All attempts to mitigate labour, and improve the land by removing the “thorns and thistles” that it “shall bring forth to thee,” would likewise be forbidden, says Simpson. Indeed, the whole of the medical profession would be sacrilegious on the same view, because it attempted to delay man's return to dust (“dust thou art, and to dust thou shalt return”) that was part of the same curse.
If God had not wanted man to relieve the pain of childbirth, says Simpson, he would not have made chloroform available to him. Besides, those who argued against chloroform on religious grounds had long attempted, unsuccessfully, to relieve the pain of childbirth, and it cannot be forbidden to do successfully what it is forbidden to do unsuccessfully.
Simpson then goes on to demonstrate, by reference to Hebrew philology, that the common acceptance of the meaning of the Bible is based on a misapprehension of Hebrew words. Sorrow in the Biblical curse on women means labour, not pain. Finally, Simpson points out that the same argument from sacrilege was advanced against Jenner's vaccination, but everyone now acknowledges that it was a ridiculous argument.
Altogether, it is a bravura performance on Simpson's part. The only problem is that Simpson, being an avid self promoter, had made up the religious objections himself. He was destroying a straw man: but he did it very thoroughly.
If God had not wanted man to relieve the pain of childbirth, says Simpson, he would not have made chloroform available to him | 2022-07-10T12:29:14.957Z |
15,176,228 | {
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"DOI": "10.1109/ISBEIA.2011.6088881",
"MAG": "2050891727",
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} | Nowadays, consumers expect manufacturers to provide excellent quality, reliable delivery and competitive pricing. This demands that the manufacturer's machines and processes are highly reliable. In order to possess highly reliable machines to make sure smooth manufacturing process, many organizations have implemented Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) as the enabling tool to maximize the effectiveness of equipment by setting and maintaining the optimum relationship between people and their machines. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is used as a measure when evaluating the result of TPM. This paper intends to find out the difference between before and after the TPM implementation to OEE result. Comparison between before and after the implementation of TPM is carried out to see the difference that TPM can bring to an organization. Elements that constitute the OEE equation will be analyzed in order to identify which one that affects OEE result. After identifying, improvement will be made on that element so that OEE result will be improved ultimately. The approach used in this paper is experimental and the instruments used to collect data are observation and interview. Microsoft Excel is used to analyze data obtained and calculate OEE. Hence, TPM is a useful tool in helping firm to achieve optimal manufacturing process. By being able to achieve this level of maintenance, an organization will be able to reap competitive advantages brought by TPM, thus, producing quality products that manage to satisfy customers and subsequently generating greater profits. | 2022-08-20T10:18:04.092Z |
148,473,744 | {
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"DOI": "10.1108/S2042-9940(2011)0000009011",
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} | As one of the most dynamic and consequential areas of biomedical research, neuroscience must be analyzed in a broader political context. Research initiatives, individual use, and aggregate social consequences of unfolding knowledge about the brain and the accompanying applications require particularly close scrutiny because of the centrality of the brain itself to human behavior and thoughts. As one of the last frontiers of medicine, neuroscience has strong support because it promises to benefit many patients suffering from an array of behavioral, neurological, and mental disorders and injuries. Given the inevitability of expanded strategies for exploration and therapy of the brain, it is important that the political issues surrounding their application be clarified and debated before such techniques fall into routine use. | 2022-09-01T20:23:04.487Z |
84,778,679 | {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/BJO.2006.102186",
"MAG": "2035551024",
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},
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} | Arthropoda, as a phylum, includes the crustaceans, arachnids and insects. This is the largest phylum in terms of the number of species, as it includes perhaps three quarters of the million or so described species. These groups probably had their origin in the Cambrian period or before, and divergence began early—thus accounting for such a numerous and diverse phylum. These are segmented animals, much like the annelid worms, but the arthropods have evolved a harder outer shell, or cuticle, which serves as an external skeleton. Some of the larger crustaceans have taken this hard outer shell to an extreme—the crabs, shrimps and lobsters. But, this organic armour comes at a price. It is rigid, and must be shed for the animal to grow and mature during a process called apolysis (separation of the shell from the epidermis), followed by ecdysis (shedding of the old shell). During this process, the outer “cornea” of the eye will be shed and replaced with a new one. The cover images show a living lobster’s eye and … | 2022-09-03T05:08:16.073Z |
75,271,993 | {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3148/73.3.2012.147",
"MAG": "2314682611",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://dcjournal.ca/doi/pdf/10.3148/73.3.2012.147"
} | It is important to step out and make a difference. We have one of the most unique and diverse professions that allows for diversity in thought and practice, permitting each of us to grow in our unique niches and make significant contributions. I was frightened to ‘step out’ to go to culinary school at the age of 46, but it changed forever the way I look at my profession and I have since experienced the most enjoyable and innovative career. There are also times when it is important to ‘step back’ to relish the roots of our profession; to help bring food back into nutrition; to translate all of our wonderful science into a language of food that Canadians understand. We all need to take time to ‘just stand still and breathe’: to celebrate our accomplishments, reflect on our actions, ensure we are heading toward our vision, keep the profession vibrant and relevant, and cherish one another. | 2022-11-11T08:13:51.875Z |
32,074,584 | {
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"DOI": "10.1136/thx.35.3.202",
"MAG": "1970169850",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://thorax.bmj.com/content/35/3/202.full.pdf"
} | The immunoglobulin A and secretory IgA concentrations were studied in the serum and sputum of patients with chronic bronchitis to determine the effect of active chest infection and inflammation upon the estimation of local IgA production. The sputum/serum albumin ratio was higher during chest infection (5.51; SE+/-1.60x10(-2)) than in the non-infected samples (0.75; SE+/-0.14x10(-2);p less than 0.01) suggesting increased transudation as a result of inflammation. There was a similar increase in sputum/serum IgA during infection from 9.47 (SE+/-1.87)x10(-2) to 41.21 (SE+/-6.92)x10(-2)(p less than 0.01). However, the proportion of IgA locally produced when assessed by conventional techniques was unchanged. There was a significant inverse relationship between the estimated local IgA production of the infected samples and the degree of inflammation (r= -0.972;2p less than 0.001) indicating that inflammation was a major determinant of local IgA production. However, the secretory IgA concentrations of the samples were independent of the degree of inflammation. Furthermore, secretory IgA was found in samples that appeared to have failure of local IgA production using the method of Soutar. Clearer information about local IgA production can be obtained by measuring protein components unique to the bronchial secretions rather than applying correction factors to estimate the contribution of serum components, particularly in the presence of inflammation. | 2022-12-04T00:01:13.493Z |
51,678,617 | {
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"DOI": "10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00566",
"MAG": "2884874610",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6108082?pdf=render"
} | The orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR88 is highly expressed in the striatum. Studies using GPR88 knockout mice have suggested that the receptor is implicated in alcohol seeking and drinking behaviors. To date, the biological effects of GPR88 activation are still unknown due to the lack of a potent and selective agonist appropriate for in vivo investigation. In this study, we report the discovery of the first potent, selective, and brain-penetrant GPR88 agonist RTI-13951-33 (6). RTI-13951-33 exhibited an EC50 of 25 nM in an in vitro cAMP functional assay and had no significant off-target activity at 38 GPCRs, ion channels, and neurotransmitter transporters that were tested. RTI-13951-33 displayed enhanced aqueous solubility compared to (1 R,2 R)-2-PCCA (2) and had favorable pharmacokinetic properties for behavioral assessment. Finally, RTI-13951-33 significantly reduced alcohol self-administration and alcohol intake in a dose-dependent manner without effects on locomotion and sucrose self-administration in rats when administered intraperitoneally. | 2022-12-31T18:28:23.301Z |
89,494,668 | {
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21055/0370-1069-2016-2-91-94",
"MAG": "2463927983",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/download/314/311"
} | Objective of the study was to demonstrate practicability of data base creation, containing reference mass-spectra of agents of particularly dangerous infections, using MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry, by the example of plague agent strains. Materials and methods. MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry was deployed for the obtainment of mass-spectra of ribosomal proteins from the microorganisms under investigation with the help of mass-spectrometers - Microflex LT. Results and conclusions. Carried out was comparative analysis of the obtained mass-spectra of 10 Y. pestis strains and reference spectra of Y. tuberculosis , contained in commercial data base of MALDI Biotyper 3.1 (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Developed data base was validated in the process of identification of plague microbe strains, isolated in the territory of natural plague foci of the Russian Federation. That data base provided for correct identification of Y. pestis strains up to a species. | 2022-02-10T19:37:15.871Z |
244,925,283 | {
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629132",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
} | E-mechanization focused start-up Hello Tractor serves as a case study to contrast two different technological design strategies such as Human Centered Design for Communities (HCD for Communities) and Design for Social Justice. Both HCD for Communities and Design for Social Justice are explained and seven key criteria of a Design for Social Justice strategy are presented and discussed with information from Hello Tractor. This serves as an example of a start-up that at first glance can seem to be a social justice focused project but instead is more aligned with a HCD for Communities strategy. Even though Hello Tractor is a successful start-up and has impacted more than 500,000 smallholder farmers in Africa with its technology, pivoting from a HCD for Communities strategy to a Design for Social Justice strategy may be beneficial for its future and this discussion may serve as inspiration for aspiring Agri-FoodTech entrepreneurs that want to develop Disruptive Agricultural Technologies (DATs) for the benefit of society and with social justice in mind. | 2022-04-30T14:22:24.737Z |
8,522,740 | {
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/WAC.2014.6935800",
"MAG": "1998984162",
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},
"license": null,
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"url": null
} | The brain temperature largely depends on the metabolic activities of brain tissues and blood flow in the brain. However the physiological significance of brain temperature and its regulation remain unclear. To elucidate the relationship among regional brain temperatures (rBT), blood flow and brain activity, we simultaneously recorded brain temperature, blood flow and electrophysiological neuronal activities in the gustatory cortical area (GC) of rats, in response to somatosensory stimuli (electrical stimuli, L-menthol and capsaicin) or taste stimuli to the tongue. The temperature in the GC rose by 0.01 ~ 0.05°C after the neuronal activation by electrical and taste stimuli (0.5 M NaCl, 0.5 M sucrose, or 0.1 M citric acid). The effect was stronger with L-menthol and capsaicin than that with electrical and taste stimuli. The increase of temperature in the GC was correlated with the increase of neuronal activity, but not in other area, such as the visual cortex. Furthermore, the stimulation-induced increases in spike frequency of a small neuronal ensemble in the GC were co-localized with increases in blood flow. The increases in the blood flow were showed soon before or the almost same time as the changes in the rBTs. These results suggest that the changes in the rBTs are directly related to the brain activities including the stimulation-induced neuronal activity and blood flow. | 2022-07-22T02:28:24.945Z |
191,468,905 | {
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3917/PE.113.0661",
"MAG": "2082498589",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
} | Dans un contexte de blocage de la PSDC europeenne, diverses initiatives bi- ou trilaterales ont tente, depuis 2010, de relancer les cooperations de defense : accord franco-britannique, lettre franco-germano-polonaise, lettre germano-suedoise, etc. Ces axes partiels de cooperation seront certainement utiles, mais ils ne pourront a terme se substituer a une volonte politique globale qui, seule, pourrait permettre de mettre en œuvre les dispositifs prevus par le traite de Lisbonne. | 2022-07-30T09:11:03.922Z |
24,908,897 | {
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/09084282.2012.710682",
"MAG": "2064846076",
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},
"license": null,
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"url": null
} | The clinical impact of the motor deficits of unilateral neglect is indisputable. The diagnosis criteria are confusing and complicated, and assessment has been extended and modified gradually during the last few decades, which has led to inconsistency and confusion. Many different attempts have been made to overcome various assessment shortcomings. In this article, different examinations of previous studies and analyses are discussed in a systematic and critical way. Research databases were used to identify 254 reports, including 26 different empirical studies on motor neglect and 44 studies on premotor neglect. Most of the studies address the gross neuroanatomical location of lesions. The main findings indicate that frontal lesions are more common in motor neglect than in premotor neglect, and parietal lesions are more common in premotor neglect than in motor neglect. Few studies have evaluated therapeutic programs for the motor deficits of neglect. Unfortunately, most studies suffer from various diagnostic problems that result in inconsistent and controversial findings. Different assessment issues need to be addressed systematically in future studies in light of current findings to increase our understanding and awareness of these important neuropsychological motor deficits. Implications of and possible solutions to the current assessment shortcomings are discussed. | 2022-09-08T03:13:49.363Z |
42,509,261 | {
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7326/0003-4819-95-5-642",
"MAG": "2005238215",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
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"url": null
} | Excerpt Most investigators agree on two points concerning cancer in ulcerative colitis. First, the risk of colorectal cancer seems to be higher in ulcerative colitis patients than in the general po... | 2022-09-13T09:37:32.491Z |
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