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BMRetriever

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biomed_retrieval_dataset

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BMRetriever 3

[ "Agastache cana. Agastache cana, more commonly known as the mosquito plant, Texas hummingbird mint, and double bubble mint, is a hardy perennial belonging to the genus Agastache (pronounced ag-uh-STAH-kee)." ]

[ "Hummingbird cake is a banana pineapple spice cake common in the Southern United States. Ingredients include flour, sugar, salt, ripe banana, pineapple, cinnamon, pecans, vanilla extract, eggs, and leavening agent.y 1990, it was elected Southern Living' s favorite recipe in 1990, and has been noted as the most requested recipe in the magazine's history. The cake typically has two or three layers with pecans (or walnuts), mashed bananas, crushed pineapple and cream cheese frosting.", "Mint humbugs, or Peppermint humbugs (also known as Everton Mints after the Liverpool suburb which is one place they were made), is a peppermint-flavoured Muggle candy, often eaten in winter, given the fact that many people get colds and Tonsillitis. They have a distinctive black-and-white striped pattern on them." ]

[ " Lots of bad answers so far...\n\nWithout a doubt it comes down to the German people, at least so far, being extremely reflective upon the actions of their elders and ancestors during the time of the Nazi regime, and taking ownership of that legacy and a perceived obligation to better their society and be as much as they can a positive force in the world.\n\nGermany is a very interesting place. More than any other country that I know of, they wear the injustices committed historically by their society on their sleeves, and remember those injustices in modern decisions that they make.\n\nWhat other countries are so reflective? Many Americans prefer to downplay things like treatment of native americans and blacks, the japanese internment camps, our treatment of japanese war adversaries, and many other immoral or questionable actions that have been taken in the name of America. Our saving grace is that pretty much every other country is the same, they downplay their historical injustices. Germany is different. They own them. Even Austria, the country next door to Germany that by most accounts was at least as complicit in the Nazi regime (considering that Hitler was Austrian, and that he was more popular there than in Germany, and that more Austrian volunteered for Nazi military service than Germans as a percentage of population), to this day mostly denies any responsibility, considering themselves victims of the Nazi regime rather than mostly willing collaborators.", " As a result of WWII, Germany adopted very liberal laws regarding asylum seekers. On top of that, Germany is seen as wealthy in the states where most of the refugees come from. That makes it a bit of a \"promised land\" for them." ]

[ " The USA is in so many countries like Germany because the military presence they provide is a commodity. \n\nCountries like USA were on the winning side of the most recent wars. When Germany admitted defeat and surrendered, a part of their surrender was that we could maintain bases there. They were there for several reasons. Not all of them were \"bad\". The USA spent a lot of money, time, and other resources into rebuilding Germany into a functional country. Actually investing in their people and their country (very unlike the German defeat of WWI, which eventually lead into WWII).\n\nNow we have lots of military treaties, most namely, NATO. We're no longer in Germany as a requirement of past wars, but because of mutual agreements between countries.", " There have always been refugees seeking asylum abroad. There have been Afghan and Somali refugees since before the crisis. But with the massive war going on in Syria, the number of refugees has increased dramatically as have the stakes. There's also been an increase because of ISIS along with new fears that ISIS members will sneak in disguised as refugees.\n\nBecause the numbers are so huge right now, some counties are trying to reevaluate their policies. \n\nAlso, Middle Eastern refugees are more likely to go to Europe because of geography." ]

[ "According to Catster, a 6-ounce can of cat food contains approximately 250 calories, while a cup of dry cat food contains about 300 calories, either of which would satisfy a typical 8- to 10-pound cat for a day. Divide your cat's portions into two meals each day or free-feed your cat with his portion of dry kibble." ]

[ "How much food a cat needs depends on the individual's shape, size, appetite and activity level. A small cat will need less food compared to a large cat. In addition to this, t … he quality of food greatly contributes to how much food a cat needs.", "Factors that may affect nutritional requirements for cat food include: 1 The Cat's Weight. A 17-pound cat with a muscular build and large bone structure will require more calories and associated nutrients to maintain his weight than a nine-pound cat with a more slender build. 2 The Cat's Activity Level." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Although statins are considered safe and effective, they have been associated with statin intolerance (SI) in clinical and observational studies.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and economic consequences of SI through comparison of an SI cohort of patients with matched controls.METHODS: This study used data extracted from an integrated health system's electronic health records from 2008 to 2014. Adults with SI were matched to controls using a propensity score. Patients were hierarchically classified into 6 mutually exclusive cardiovascular (CV)-risk categories: recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS; ?12months preindex), coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease, diabetes, or primary prevention. The study endpoints, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal attainment, medical costs, and time to first CV event were compared using conditional logistic regression, generalized linear, and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively.RESULTS: Patients with SI (n=5190) were matched with controls (n=15,570). Patients with SI incurred higher medical costs and were less likely to reach LDL-C goals than controls. Patients with SI were at higher risk for revascularization procedures in all CV risk categories except ACS, and those in the diabetes risk category were at higher risk for any CV event. There was a lower risk of all-cause death among patients with SI.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SI were less likely to reach LDL-C goals, incurred higher health care costs, and experienced a higher risk for nonfatal CV events than patients without SI. Alternative management strategies are needed to better treat high CV risk patients." ]

[ "Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been recognized as a sensitive marker of cardiometabolic risk. Recent evidence suggests efficacy of long-term statin therapy in reducing EAT in patients with coronary artery disease. Whether short-term statin therapy is associated with changes in the volume of EAT is currently unknown. A cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent pulmonary vein isolation were randomized to receive either 80mg/day of atorvastatin (n= 38, 32 men, age 56 11years) or placebo (n= 41, 33 men, age 56 10years) for a 3-month period. EAT volume was assessed by cardiac computed tomography at baseline and at follow-up. Patients randomized to statin treatment exhibited a modest but significant decrease in median EAT volume (baseline vs follow-up: 92.3 cm(3) [62.0 to 133.3] vs 86.9 cm(3) [64.1 to 124.8], p <0.05), whereas median EAT remained unchanged in the placebo group (81.9 cm(3) [55.5 to 110.9] vs 81.3 cm(3) [57.1to 110.5], p= NS). Changes in median systemic inflammatory markers and lipid profile were also seen with statin treatment: C-reactive protein (2.4 mg/L [0.7 to 3.7] vs 1.1 mg/L [0.5 to 2.7], p <0.05), total cholesterol (186 mg/dL [162.5 to 201] vs 123 mg/dL [99 to 162.5], p <0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (116 mg/dL [96.5 to 132.5] vs 56 [40.5 to 81] mg/dL, p <0.001) diminished, whereas median body mass index did not change (27.8kg/m(2) [25 to 30] versus 27.6 kg/m(2) [25.7 to 30.5], p= NS). No variations occurred in the placebo group. In conclusion, short-term intensive statin therapy significantly reduced the volume of EAT in patients with atrial fibrillation.", "BACKGROUND: Three-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of medications because of their proven cardiovascular benefits. However, statin intolerance occurs in 5% to 20% of patients. Understanding the basis for statin intolerance remains a key issue in preventive medicine.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of statin intolerance with hypothyroidism in a large integrated health care system, including its sex-specific relationship and subsequent statin rechallenge and prescription history.METHODS: The Intermountain Healthcare electronic medical record database identified patients (n = 2686; males = 1276, females = 1410) with a documentation of intolerance (\"allergy\") to at least 1 statin. Age and sex similar controls (n = 8103; males = 3892, females = 4211) were identified among patients prescribed statins without documented intolerance. Patients were evaluated for a history of hypothyroidism, development of hypothyroidism, and statin prescription history up to 5 years of follow-up.RESULTS: A total of 30.2% patients (210 males, 16.5%; 602 females, 42.7%) with statin intolerance had a history of hypothyroidism compared with 21.5% of statin-tolerant patients (475 males, 12.2%; 1266 females, 30.1%), for an odds ratio (OR) in the total population of 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-1.65; P < .0001); in males, OR was 1.29 (CI 1.07-1.55; P = .001); in females, OR was 1.60 (CI 1.41-1.82; P < .0001). During follow-up, patients with statin intolerance and hypothyroidism were less likely to be on a statin than their statin-intolerant counterparts without hypothyroidism (hazard ratio 0.84; 95% CI 0.75-0.94; P = .002).CONCLUSIONS: Hypothyroidism is more prevalent in those with statin intolerance, both in males and, especially, in females. People with hypothyroidism are less likely to have a prescription for a statin at follow-up than those without hypothyroidism." ]

[ "1 acre = 43,560 square feet. It can be any shape, as long as the enclosed area is 4 … 3,560 square feet. If it's square, then each side of the square is 208.71 feet long. If it's a circle, then the diameter of the circle is 235.50 feet." ]

[ "This is one of those impossible questions. It varies not just with the region, state, county, town but with the specific property. Some properties are worth (sell for - willing buyer, willing seller) over $1,000,000 per acre while others in the same town might be worth only $500/acre. You really have to have apples to compare with. That said, our property is valued at about $1,500 per acre by the town assessors.", "How many square feet are in an acre? There are 43,560 square feet in an acre. This is equal to 1/640 of a square mile, or approximately 80 percent of the area of an American football field, including the end zones." ]

[ "AIM: Anger is a common reaction to cancer diagnosis which may impact patients' perceptions of their prognosis and goals of care. This study tested the hypothesis that men with prostate cancer who are anger prone are pessimistic regarding their cancer prognosis.METHODS: Two hundred and twelve men with a history of prostate cancer completed measures of personality traits, their prostate cancer prognosis, and their perception of their doctor's assessment of their prognosis. Anger proneness was operationally defined by the presence of high levels (ie, above the medians) of neuroticism and disagreeableness.RESULTS: One in 4 men with prostate cancer disagreed with their doctor about prognosis. Anger-prone participants endorsed more pessimistic perceptions of prognosis ( P = .041). This significant association was maintained after accounting for potential confounders.CONCLUSION: Greater attention paid to patient anger regulation style and pessimistic perceptions will improve discussions about prognosis and goals of care among men with prostate cancer. Given recent calls for wider distress screening and earlier palliative care intervention in cancer settings, providers have an unprecedented opportunity to assess and respond to anger in the clinical setting. Communication could be improved through empathic statements that convey realistic optimism when appropriate, a commitment to the patient-provider relationship and a willingness to explore and address patient needs." ]

[ "Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), recently defined by the World Health Organization in 2016, is a distinct histologic entity associated with an aggressive clinical course, including increased risk of biochemical recurrence, metastasis, and mortality. Differential diagnosis includes intraductal spread of urothelial carcinoma, prostatic ductal carcinoma, and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. BRCA mutations are associated with an increased risk of IDC-P. The presence of IDC-P on initial biopsy or radical prostatectomy should trigger aggressive treatment and should be considered a contraindication to active surveillance, regardless of tumor volume.", "INTRODUCTION: New generations of tumor markers used to detect prostate cancer (PCa) should be able to discriminate men with aggressive PCa of those without PCa or nonaggressive tumors. The objective of this study has been to validate Prostate Health Index (PHI) as a marker of aggressive PCa in one academic institution.METHODS: PHI was assessed in 357 men scheduled to prostatic biopsy between June of 2013 and July 2014 in one academic institution. Thereafter a subset of 183 men younger than 75 years and total PSA (tPSA) between 3.0 and 10.0 ng/mL, scheduled to it first prostatic biopsy, was retrospectively selected for this study. Twelve cores TRUS guided biopsy, under local anaesthesia, was performed in all cases. Total PSA, free PSA (fPSA), and [-2] proPSA (p2PSA) and prostate volume were determined before the procedure and %fPSA, PSA density (PSAd) and PHI were calculated. Aggressive tumors were considered if any Gleason 4 pattern was found. PHI was compared to %fPSA and PSAd through their ROC curves. Thresholds to detect 90%, 95% of all tumors and 95% and 100% of aggressive tumors were estimated and rates of unnecessary avoided biopsies were calculated and compared.RESULTS: The rate of PCa detection was 37.2% (68) and the rate of aggressive tumors was 24.6% (45). The PHI area under the curve was higher than those of %fPSA and PSAd to detect any PCa (0.749 vs 0.606 and 0.668 respectively) or to detect only aggressive tumors (0.786 vs 0.677 and 0.708 respectively), however, significant differences were not found. The avoided biopsy rates to detect 95% of aggressive tumors were 20.2% for PHI, 14.8% for %fPSA, and 23.5% for PSAd. Even more, to detect all aggressive tumors these rates dropped to 4.9% for PHI, 9.3% for %fPSA, and 7.9% for PSAd.CONCLUSIONS: PHI seems a good marker to PCa diagnosis. However, PHI was not superior to %fPSA and PSAd to identify at least 95% of aggressive tumors." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Psychological distress, psychosomatic complaints and clinical mental disorders such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder are highly prevalent among refugees than other populations. Even though there were several studies done on mental health of refugees globally, there is very few in Ethiopia regarding the mental health of these vulnerable populations. Thus we aimed at determining the prevalence of depression and identifying determinants of depression among refugees.METHODS: A community based cross-sectional multistage survey with 847 adult refugees was conducted in May 2014 at Melkadida camp, Southeast Ethiopia. Data were collected by face to face interviews on socio demographic by using structured questionnaire, level of exposure to trauma by Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and depression symptoms by using Patient Health Questionnaire. Data entry and clearance were carried out by EpInfo version 7 and analysis was carried out by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version-20 software package. Data was examined using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals.RESULT: Over one third (38.3 %) of respondents met the symptoms criteria for depression. Gender, marital status, displaced previously as refugee, witnessing murderer of family or friend, lack of house or shelter and being exposed to increased number of cumulative traumatic events were significantly associated with depression among Somali refugees in Melkadida camp.CONCLUSION: The study revealed a relatively high prevalence of depression episode among refugees. Being female, divorced, deprived of shelter and witnessing the murder of family are most determinants of depression in refugees. Strengthening the clinical set up and establishing good referral linkage with mental health institutions is strongly recommended." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: While emotion dysregulation represents an important mechanism underpinning psychological responses to trauma, little research has investigated this in refugees. In the current study, we examined the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in the relationship between refugee experiences (trauma and living difficulties) and psychological outcomes.METHODS: Participants were 134 traumatized treatment-seeking refugees who completed measures indexing trauma exposure, post-migration living difficulties, difficulties in emotion regulation, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and explosive anger.RESULTS: Findings revealed distinctive patterns of emotion dysregulation associated with each of these psychological disorders. Results also indicated that emotion regulation difficulties mediated the association between both trauma and psychological symptoms, and living difficulties and psychological symptoms.LIMITATIONS: Limitations include a cross-sectional design and the use of measures that had not been validated across all cultural groups in this study.CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the key role of emotion dysregulation in psychological responses of refugees, and highlight potential directions for treatment interventions for traumatized refugees.", "BACKGROUND: Family-level predictors, including caregiver depression, are considered important influences on adolescent mental health. Adolescent depression and anxiety in refugee settings is known to be a significant public health concern, yet there is very limited literature from humanitarian settings focusing on the relationship between caregiver mental health and adolescent mental health. In the context of a larger study on child protection outcomes in refugee settings, researchers explored the relationship between caregiver depression and adolescent mental health in two refugee settlements, Kiryandongo and Adjumani, in Uganda.METHODS: Adolescents between 13 and 17 and their caregivers participated in a household survey, which included measures of adolescent anxiety and depression, and caregiver depression. Analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression models, and results were reported for the full sample and for each site separately.RESULTS: In Kiryandongo, a one-unit increase in a caregiver's depression score tripled the odds that the adolescent would have high levels of anxiety symptoms (AOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.4, 6.1), while in Adjumani, caregiver depression did not remain significant in the final model. Caregiver depression, gender and exposure to violence were all associated with higher symptoms of adolescent depression in both sites and the full sample, for example, a one unit increase in caregiver depression more than tripled the odds of higher levels of symptoms of adolescent depression (AOR: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.0, 6.2). Caregiver depression is a consistently significantly associated with adverse mental health outcomes for adolescents in this study.CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent well-being is significantly affected by caregiver mental health in this refugee context. Child protection interventions in humanitarian contexts do not adequately address the influence of caregivers' mental health, and there are opportunities to integrate child protection programming with prevention and treatment of caregivers' mental health symptoms." ]

[ "Julius hit the table with his fist." ]

[ "Julius hit the table with his fist after it attacked him first." ]

[ "Behcet's disease (BD) could be regarded as an autoimmune disease in many aspects. Autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) is frequently accompanied by other various autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, there is not still enough data showing the association between BD and ATD. In addition, no controlled study is present in the PubMed, which evaluates thyroidal autoimmunity using antithyroid peroxidase antibody in a large series of patients with BD. We aimed to investigate the frequency of ATD in patients with BD. The study included 124 patients with BD and 99 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Autoimmune thyroiditis was noted in 21 cases (16.9%) with BD. In the control group, 22 cases (22.22%) were diagnosed as autoimmune thyroiditis. There was no difference between the groups in respect to thyroid autoantibodies (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between baseline TSH levels of the BD patients and of the controls (P>0.05). Statistically, the mean serum free T4 levels of the patients with BD were higher than those of the controls (P<0.001)" ]

[ "Of the 104 women, 30 (28.8%) were affected by autoimmune thyroiditis. Significantly higher values of IMT-CCT (p<0.05), TSH (p<0.05), and triglycerides (p<0.05) were obtained, and significantly lower values of FT4 (p<0.05), in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis as compared to those with a normal thyroid function. When examining the whole group together, at multiple regression analysis Hashimoto's thyroiditis maintained a positive association with the IMT (p<0.001), independently of age, hypertension, BMI, and the fasting serum levels of TSH, FT3, FT4, insulin, fasting glycemia, triglycerides, total and HDL-cholesterol levels", "Graves' disease is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland, with some extra-thyroidal complications like eye and skin abnormalities in some patients. GD is more prevalent in women than men and is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism worldwide. A complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors is the proposed cause which triggers immune system to produce autoantibodies stimulating the TSH receptor, leading to clinical manifestations such as hyperthyroidism, diffuse thyroid enlargement (goiter) and often ophthalmopathy in affected individuals. Various Single nucleotide gene polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with the risk of GD development including promoter SNPs in Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3). FOXP3 is an important regulatory factor for T cell development and differentiation and therefore has a prominent role in suppression of autoimmune reactions which may lead to predisposition of GD. There have been some studies on the association of FOXP3 SNPs with GD, but no such investigation has been carried out in ethnic Kashmiri population. So, we aimed to study a possible association of FOXP3 promoter SNPs (-3279C/A, -2383C/T & -3499 A/G) with GD. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to genotype 285 individuals (135 GD cases and 150 healthy controls) and the results showed statistically significant differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies of cases and controls for -3279C/A SNP [OR, 3.48; 95% CI (2.05-5.92); P < 0.001] and -2383C/T SNP [OR, 5.62; 95% CI (2.43-13.00); P < 0.001], while no significant association was seen in case of -3499 A/G SNP. We conclude that -3279C/A and -2383C/T SNPs have a highly significant association with the risk of GD development in Kashmiri population." ]

[ "Sarcoidosis is characterised by a T-lymphocytic alveolitis with a typically increased T4/T8 ratio. The diagnostic value of this ratio is under debate. We prospectively evaluated the influence of BAL pre-lavage and the impact of bronchial contamination on BAL differential cell count in 108 BAL specimens obtained from patients with histologically confirmed sarcoidosis. BAL was performed by instilling 150-300 ml normal saline either in the middle lobe or the lingula. Fifty-one patients (47%) underwent additional pre-lavage with 50 ml normal saline. Bronchial contamination was assessed by semi-quantitative analysis of mucus, ciliated and squamous cells in the untreated BAL recovery. Pre-lavage did neither influence the lavage cellularity nor extend of contamination of the BAL. Content of mucus and ciliated cells, indicating bronchial contamination, showed a high correlation (Kendal's tau=0.61). Presence of either mucus or ciliated cells in the BAL recovery was associated with a significant lower T4/T8 ratio (mucus: 4.9 vs. 8.0, p=0.009; ciliated cells: 4.1 vs. 7.4, p=0.001). Squamous cells in the BAL recovery representing oropharyngeal contamination did not significantly influence the T4/T8 ratio (7.7 vs. 5.6, p=0.10)" ]

[ "Acute lung injury/ARDS developed in the CMV group (mean [SE] PaO2/FiO2 ratio, 242.96 [24.82]) and was prevented with preemptive APRV (mean [SE] PaO2/FIO2 ratio, 478.00 [41.38]; P < .05). Airway pressure release ventilation also significantly reduced histopathologic changes and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid total protein (endothelial permeability) and preserved surfactant proteins A and B concentrations as compared with the CMV group", "Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is the single most important factor that limits long-term survival after lung transplantation. T cells are a major cell type involved in acute graft rejection; however, the role of these cells in BOS is unknown. There have been no previous studies of cytokine production by T cells from blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and by intraepithelial T cells from bronchial brushings during BOS, and we hypothesized that proinflammatory cytokines may be increased during BOS despite standard immunosuppression regimes. To investigate the changes in intracellular cytokine profiles, whole blood, BAL, and bronchial brushings from stable lung transplant patients, those with BOS, and healthy controls were stimulated in vitro and intracellular cytokine production by CD8 (CD4) and CD8 T-cell subsets determined using multiparameter flow cytometry. There was a significant decrease in T-cell interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the blood of stable patients compared with patients with evidence of BOS. T-cell IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha was unchanged in the blood of BOS patients compared with healthy controls. T-cell TGF-beta was decreased in the blood of both patient groups compared with healthy controls and decreased in BOS compared with stable patients. There was an increase in BAL T-cell IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in both patient groups compared with controls" ]

[ "While the labor market woes of low-skilled male workers in the United States over the past several decades have been well documented, the academic literature identifying causal factors leading to declines in labor force participation (LFP) by young, low-skilled males remains scant. To address this gap, I use the timing and characteristics of welfare-reform policies implemented during the 1990s and fixed-effects, instrumental variable regression modeling to show that policies seeking to increase LFP rates for low-skilled single mothers inadvertently led to labor force exit by young, low-skilled single males. Using data from the Current Population Survey and a bundle of work inducements enacted by states throughout the 1990s as exogenous variation in a quasi-experimental design, I find that the roughly 10 percentage point increase in LFP for low-skilled single mothers facilitated by welfare reform resulted in a statistically significant 2.8 percentage point decline in LFP for young, low-skilled single males. After conducting a series of robustness checks, I conclude that this result is driven entirely by white males, who responded to welfare-reform policies with a 3.7 percentage point decline in labor supply. Young black males, as well as other groups of potentially affected workers, appear to be uninfluenced by the labor supply response of less-educated single mothers to welfare reform. Impacts on young, single white males are large and economically significant, suggesting that nearly 150,000 males departed the formal labor market in response to directed welfare-reform policies." ]

[ "Unemployment has numerous negative consequences for health, but the family and the welfare state can mitigate these consequences. How the family supports its members and whether and to what extent this interacts with the broader context is still an open question. Our evidence show that job loss is causally linked to significant declines in health for men, but not for women. Yet, the increased risk of poor health is lower for coupled men, especially if the partner is employed. This suggests that both emotional and economic support play a role. Moreover, the family's mitigating role widely varies across different welfare regimes in Europe and it is particularly strong in Southern and Eastern regimes, characterized by \"rudimentary\" welfare systems and a more traditional family model.", "BACKGROUND: The considerable increase of non-standard labor contracts, unemployment and inactivity rates raises the question of whether job insecurity and the lack of job opportunities affect physical and mental well-being differently from being employed with an open-ended contract. In this paper we offer evidence on the relationship between self-reported health and the employment status in Italy using the Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW); another aim is to investigate whether these potential inequalities have changed with the recent economic downturn (time period 2006-2010).METHODS: We estimate an ordered logit model with self-reported health status (SRHS) as response variable based on a fixed-effects approach which has certain advantages with respect to the random-effects formulation: the fixed-effects nature of the model also allows us to solve the problems of incidental parameters and non-random selection of individuals into different labor market categories.RESULTS: We find that temporary workers, first-job seekers and unemployed individuals are worse off than permanent employees, especially males, young workers, and those living in the center and south of Italy.CONCLUSION: Health inequalities between permanent workers and job seekers widen over time for male and young workers, and arise in the north of the country as well." ]

[ "The widely-used Chinese medicinal herb Hypericum japonicum, also known as Hypericum japonicum Thunb or Tianjihuang, displays potent anti‑carcinogenic effects against liver cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of Hypericum japonicum remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated the in vivo efficacy of ethyl acetate extract of Hypericum japonicum (EAEHJ) against tumor growth in an H22 cell‑bearing liver cancer mouse model. Treatment with EAEHJ significantly reduced tumor weight, but had no effect on murine body weight. The results of the present study also showed that EAEHJ induced H22 cell apoptosis in vivo. In addition, the anti‑carcinogenic effects of EAEHJ were investigated in vitro. The results of the present study demonstrate that both phospholipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane and mitochondrial membrane potential were deregulated in HepG2 human hepatoma cells, following treatment with EAEHJ. Treatment with EAEHJ also increased the ratio of pro‑apoptotic B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein (Bax) to anti‑apoptotic Bcl‑2, and activated the caspase‑9 signaling pathway. These results suggest that EAEHJ is able to trigger the apoptosis of liver cancer cells via the mitochondria-dependent pathway." ]

[ "The hyperforin content of Hypericum perforatum herb was repeatedly reported to be responsible for a multitude of pharmacological activities. Our recent report about the hyperforin accumulation in in vitro root cultures of H. perforatum provides an alternative perspective to achieve constant product quality and to serve the rapidly growing market. In this study, the antiproliferative effect of a petroleum ether extract from the in vitro root cultures was investigated. When normalized to 1 M hyperforin content, the extract reduced the viability of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human dermal fibroblast monolayers to 33 and 36%, respectively, after 72 h of incubation. A cytotoxicity assay and live-dead cell staining confirmed that the extract lacked a cytotoxic effect and that the reduction in cell viability was mainly due to the antiproliferative activity. Application of the 1 M hyperforin-normalized extract to a 3D artificial skin construct significantly reduced the proliferation of HaCaT in the presence of fibroblasts. This effect was proved by the reduction in thickness of the epidermal construct from 100 m (control) to 17 m (treated). Notably, 1 M pure hyperforin lacked effectiveness in both monolayer cultures and 3D artificial skin constructs. Nor were fractions of the extract containing colupulone and xanthones active. The combination of these constituents also failed to reassemble the antiproliferative activity, which indicates a synergistic role of yet unidentified components present in the extract. Our findings may introduce H. perforatum root cultures as a novel lead system for the treatment of hypertrophic scars.", "The genus Hypericum is one of the most popular genera in both traditional medicine and scientific platform. This study is designed to provide conceptual insights on the biological potential and chemical characterization of H. salsugineum, which is endemic to Turkey. The qualitative and quantitative phenolic content of the extracts was characterized by HPLC-ESI-MSn. Biological efficiency was investigated by enzyme inhibitory assays (cholinesterases, tyrosinase, amylase, and glucosidase) and anti-cancer efficacy tests (anti-proliferative activities with the iCELLigence technology, colony formation and wound healing scratch assays). Phenolic acids (3-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic, and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acids) were the predominant group in the studied extracts, although several flavonoids were also detected and quantified. The extracts exhibited good inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and glucosidase, while they had weak ability against cholinesterases and amylase. Computational studies were also performed to explain the interactions between the major phenolics and these enzymes. The extracts displayed significant anti-cancer effects on breast carcinoma cell lines. Our findings suggest that Hypericum salsugineum could be valued as a potential source of biologically-active compounds for designing novel products." ]

[ "Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) inhibits neointima formation after vascular injury. Hyperlipidemia modulates the expression of multiple genes, however, and the effects of PAI-1 on the arterial response to injury under hyperlipidemic conditions are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of PAI-1 on intimal hyperplasia and other vascular changes that develop after arterial injury in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. Ferric chloride injury of the midportion of the common carotid arteries of apoE(-/-) mice (n=22) induced formation of a neointima that contained smooth muscle cells, foam cells, neutral lipid, tissue factor, and von Willebrand factor. Interactions between vascular injury and apolipoprotein E deficiency were strongly synergistic; either stimulus alone was insufficient to induce significant neointima formation. Mean intima/media ratios were significantly greater (P<0.03) in apoE(-/-), PAI-1(+/+) mice (5.6+/-1.8, n=12) than in apoE(-/-), PAI-1(-/-) mice (1.2+/-0.55, n=12), as were the percentages of bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells in the intima and media (P<0.03). Transiently occlusive (<48 hours) and nonocclusive mural thrombi persisted longer in apoE(-/-), PAI-1(+/+) mice than in apoE(-/-), PAI-1(-/-) mice" ]

[ "Obesity is a major risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Circulating free fatty acid levels are known to be elevated in obese individuals and, along with dietary saturated fatty acids, are known to associate with cardiovascular events. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which free fatty acids are linked to cardiovascular disease. We found that administration of palmitate, a major saturated free fatty acid, to mice markedly aggravated neointima formation induced by carotid artery ligation and that the neointima primarily consisted of phenotypically modulated smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In cultured SMCs, palmitate-induced phenotypic modulation was characterized by downregulation of SMC differentiation markers, such as SM α-actin and SM-myosin heavy chain, and upregulation of mediators involved in inflammation and remodeling of the vessel wall, such as platelet-derived growth factor B and matrix metalloproteinases. We also found that palmitate induced the expression of proinflammatory genes via a novel toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88/nuclear factor-κB/NADPH oxidase 1/reactive oxygen species signaling pathway: nuclear factor-κB was activated by palmitate via toll-like receptor 4 and its adapter, MyD88, and once active, it transactivated Nox1, encoding NADPH oxidase 1, a major reactive oxygen species generator in SMCs. Pharmacological inhibition and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of the components of this signaling pathway mitigated the palmitate-induced upregulation of proinflammatory genes. More importantly, Myd88 knockout mice were resistant to palmitate-induced exacerbation of neointima formation", "Our results showed that EPCs overexpressing PDGFR-β accelerates reendothelialization and mitigates neointimal formation at 14 days after injury. Moreover, we found that there is great possibility that EPCs overexpressing PDGFR-β enhanc VSMC apoptosis and suppress VSMC migration by competitive consumption of PDGF-BB in the early phase after carotid artery injury in mice" ]

[ "Brass is a metal alloy made of copper and zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties.It is a substitutional alloy: atoms of the two constituents may replace each other within the same crystal structure.rass has higher malleability than bronze or zinc. The relatively low melting point of brass (900 to 940 °C, 1652 to 1724 °F, depending on composition) and its flow characteristics make it a relatively easy material to cast." ]

[ "Light fixtures are commonly made of brass. Telescopes are often partially or completely covered in brass. A lot of jewelry is made with brass. The brass may show or it may be plated with a precious metal to look like a more expensive metal while having the other characteristics of brass. In our homes, this beautiful metal is often used for kitchen and bathroom faucets.", "Many things that are made of metals may, in fact, be made of mixtures of at least one metal with either other metals, or with non-metals. These mixtures are called alloys. Some common alloys are: Steel (iron and carbon) (Carbon is a non-metal)" ]

[ "The bump on the head that you feel is most likely due to local swelling following the hit. The indentation of bones however is not likely as the bones of a five-year-old are not normally supposed to be soft enough to give way to local swelling. Also, if your child is playful, eating well and not complaining of pain, serious consequences can be ruled out to a great extent. Having said that, if you still feel that his skull is showing some bony depression, I would suggest a medical consultation and if required at least an X-ray skull may be done to rule out skull fracture. If you have any more doubts, do write back" ]

[ "You have no signs of a head concussion. So relax and do not worry about it! You should know that after a head trauma the soft tissue in that region swell and can cause a temporary loss of sensation because of the nerve compression in this area. But everything will turn to normality in some days. You should just be a little patien", ". . this boggy swelling is not due to fracture of the skull. Do not worry. I appreciate your knowledge about the danger signs of a head injury. What you are feeling as the mushy swelling is soft tissue swelling in the area at the point of contact. As your doctor has said it might take 6-8 weeks to completely settle down. I reassure you that it is not a fracture. Regarding your concern that it is increasing in size it might happen like this, but eventually it will settle down" ]

[ "English for Students. Meaning: To have things in order. Example: If you don't get your ducks in a row, you will be replaced. Origin: Baby ducklings swim in a straight line behind the mother duck. If the ducklings stray to far, the mother duck will get them back in line, that is get her ducks in a row.eaning: To have things in order. Example: If you don't get your ducks in a row, you will be replaced." ]

[ "A group of ducks can be called a flock, brace, raft, team or paddling. A group of ducks is referred to as a flock while they are in flight. They are more often referred to as a raft, team or paddling while the group is on water. A raft of baby ducks swimming around a pool.", "A group of ducks is called a badelynge, bunch, brace, flock, paddling, raft or team. Also, one might call it a dover of ducks." ]

[ "Snap the Whip, 1872 by Winslow Homer. Perhaps Winslow Homer's most beloved and popular painting was Snap the Whip, created with oil on canvas in 1872. Children embodied innocence and the promise of America's future and were depicted by many artists and writers during the 1870s." ]

[ "The Moffatt-Ladd House, home of William Whipple, in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. William Whipple, Jr. (January 25, 1731 NS (January 14, 1730 OS – November 28, 1785) was a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Hampshire. Whipple was a member of the Continental congress from 1776 through 1779. Before becoming a politician, Whipple worked as both a ship's captain and a merchant. He was a prominent and wealthy member of society until he became a member of the new Hampshire Provincial congress.", "Kehinde Wiley Was Destined To Paint Barack Obama As one of his last presidential acts, Obama chose a queer, black artist as his official portraitist. Wiley's colleagues and peers explain why the choice was fated." ]

[ "Amyloid formation and mitochondrial dysfunction are characteristics of type 2 diabetes. The major peptide constituent of the amyloid deposits in type 2 diabetes is islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). In this study, we found that pitrilysin, a zinc metallopeptidase of the inverzincin family, degrades monomeric, but not oligomeric, islet amyloid polypeptide in vitro. In insulinoma cells when pitrilysin expression was decreased to 5% of normal levels, there was a 60% increase in islet amyloid polypeptide-induced apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of pitrilysin protects insulinoma cells from human islet amyloid polypeptide-induced apoptosis. Since pitrilysin is a mitochondrial protein, we used immunofluorescence staining of pancreases from human IAPP transgenic mice and Western blot analysis of IAPP in isolated mitochondria from insulinoma cells to provide evidence for a putative intramitochondrial pool of IAPP. These results suggest that pitrilysin regulates islet amyloid polypeptide in beta cells and suggest the presence of an intramitochondrial pool of islet amyloid polypeptide involved in beta-cell apoptosis." ]

[ "Diabetes mellitus, a complex progressive metabolic disorder, leads to some oxidative stress related complications. Pycnogenol (PYC), a plant extract obtained from Pinus pinaster, has been suggested to be effective in many diseases including diabetes, cancer, inflammatory and immune system disorders. The mechanisms underlying the effects of PYC in diabetes need to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of PYC treatment (50 mg/kg/day, orally, for 28 days) on the DNA damage and biochemical changes in the blood, liver, and kidney tissues of experimental diabetic rats. Changes in the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase enzymes, and the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, total glutathione, malondialdehyde, insulin, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were evaluated. DNA damage was also determined in the whole blood cells and the liver and renal tissue cells using the alkaline comet assay. PYC treatment significantly ameliorated the oxidative stress, lipid profile, and liver function parameters as well as DNA damage in the hyperglycemic rats. The results show that PYC treatment might improve the hyperglycemia-induced biochemical and physiological changes in diabetes.", "Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) frequently require multiple painful injections of insulin to manage their blood glucose level. A newly introduced, modified titanium implant, the implant-mediated drug delivery system (IMDDS), has the advantage of sustained, needle-free drug delivery. We evaluated the feasibility of the IMDDS as an alternative route of insulin delivery in an alloxan-induced rabbit DM model. Among a total of 30 rabbits with IMDDSs, 25 survived the induction and had a blood glucose level (BGL) higher than 300mg/dl. The animals were divided into two groups: 13 in the test group to which insulin was administered via the IMDDS and 12 in the untreated control group. The BGL was monitored and measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24hours on the first day and every 12hours thereafter for a total of 2weeks. Marked hypoglycemic effects of insulin in the test rabbits were detected from the 2-h time point, and the mean BGL fell below the normal range from 12h after insulin administration via the IMDDS. The effects lasted the entire 2-week period. Control rabbits did not show a pronounced decrease in BGL except for three animals who exhibited spontaneous recovery. The mean body weight of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group at the end of the observation period. Although this implant requires several improvements, the IMDDS exhibited promise as an alternative route of insulin delivery with the advantages of being a sustained, needle-free insulin delivery system." ]

[ "12.358% of Sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere. 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.039% carbon dioxide, and other gases with very small percentage. 12.358% of Sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere. 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.039% carbon dioxide, and other gases with very small percentage." ]

[ "The Earth’s atmosphere is 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and 1 percent other gases, including about 0.04 percent carbon dioxide.And yes, Earth’s CO2 concentration stood at 400 parts per million in May 2015.Earth’s CO2 levels have been increasing in recent decades due to human activities and also natural factors, and some estimates say as little as 3 or 4 percent of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is due to humans.nd yes, Earth’s CO2 concentration stood at 400 parts per million in May 2015. Earth’s CO2 levels have been increasing in recent decades due to human activities and also natural factors, and some estimates say as little as 3 or 4 percent of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is due to humans.", "Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important trace gas in Earth's atmosphere currently constituting about 0.04%, i.e. 400 parts per million (ppm), of the atmosphere." ]

[ "You have sustained injury to your scrotum resulting into bruising of the scrotum. It is practically impossible to get spermatic cord detached from testicle with any sort of injury. The pain and discomfort that you have is mostly due to soft tissue injury Consult qualified General Surgeon for clinical examination and get Ultrasound Scanning of Scrotum done to be rest assured about any major internal injury (Which is most unlikely). You need to take broad spectrum antibiotic like Definite along with anti-inflammatory Chat Doctor. It should get cured" ]

[ "This can be due to recurrent testicular torsion with a referred pain on the left side of the abdomen. During the next attack consult a Surgeon / Urologist and get an urgent ultrasonography and color Doppler done of the scrotum as well as the abdomen. Also get a Standing X-ray abdomen during the attack. Once the diagnosis is made, it is easy to treat. Another possibilities are of sigmoid volumes", "I can understand your concern. If there is any history of injury to scrotum then most likely it is a hematoma or infection post trauma. The pain could occur because of pressure over testis by tight underpants. This sometimes results in a picture similar to an infection. I would advise you to get USG scrotum done. This will rule out any hematoma or infection. A urine analysis should be done to rule out the cause. Please provide the reports for further assistance. Thanks and take care." ]

[ "Chlorthalidone is used for the treatment of hypertension as it produces a lengthening of the cardiac action potential. However, there is no experimental evidence that chlorthalidone has electrophysiological effects on the potassium currents involved in cardiac repolarization. Ventricular myocytes and oocytes, transfected with human ionic channels that produce IK current, were exposed to different concentrations of chlorthalidone. Action potentials and potassium currents were recorded using a patch clamp technique. To determine which component of the current was affected by chlorthalidone, human channel proteins (hERG, minK and KvLQT1) were used. Chlorthalidone prolonged the ventricular action potential at 50 and 90% by 13 and 14%, respectively. The cardiac potassium currents I(to) and IK(1) were not affected by chlorthalidone at any concentration, whereas the delayed rectifier potassium current, IK, was blocked in a dose-response, voltage-independent fashion. In our preparation, 100 microM chlorthalidone blocked the two components of the delayed rectifier potassium current with the same potency (50.1+/-5% for IK(r) and 54.6+/-6% for IK(s)) (n=7, P<0.05). The chlorthalidone-sensitive current was slow and saturated at potentials greater than +30 mV. In our conditions only the KvLQT1 potassium current was affected by the drug, by 14%" ]

[ "Neuronal ion channels are key targets of general anaesthetics and alcohol, and binding of these drugs to pre-existing and relatively specific sites is thought to alter channel gating. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this action are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the neuronal Shaw2 voltage-gated K(+) (K(v)) channel to ask whether the inhalational anaesthetic halothane and n-alcohols share a binding site near the activation gate of the channel. Focusing on activation gate mutations that affect channel modulation by n-alcohols, we investigated n-alcohol-sensitive and n-alcohol-resistant K(v) channels heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes to probe the functional modulation by externally applied halothane using two-electrode voltage clamping and a gas-tight perfusion system. Shaw2 K(v) channels are reversibly inhibited by halothane in a dose-dependent and saturable manner (K(0.5)= 400 microM; n(H)= 1.2). Also, discrete mutations in the channel's S4S5 linker are sufficient to reduce or confer inhibition by halothane (Shaw2-T330L and K(v)3.4-G371I/T378A respectively). Furthermore, a point mutation in the S6 segment of Shaw2 (P410A) converted the halothane-induced inhibition into halothane-induced potentiation. Lastly, the inhibition resulting from the co-application of n-butanol and halothane is consistent with the presence of overlapping binding sites for these drugs and weak binding cooperativity", "K(V)7/KCNQ channels are widely expressed in neurons and they have multiple important functions, including control of excitability, spike afterpotentials, adaptation, and theta resonance. Mutations in KCNQ genes have been demonstrated to associate with human neurological pathologies. However, little is known about whether K(V)7/KCNQ channels are expressed in oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OLCs) and what their functions in OLCs. In this study, we characterized K(V)7/KCNQ channels expression in rat primary cultured OLCs by RT-PCR, immunostaining and electrophysiology. KCNQ2-5 mRNAs existed in all three developmental stages of rat primary cultured OLCs. K(V)7/KCNQ proteins were also detected in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs, early developmental stages of OLCs) of rat primary cultures and cortex slices. Voltage-clamp recording revealed that the I(M) antagonist XE991 significantly reduced K(V)7/KCNQ channel current (I(K(Q))) in OPCs but not in differentiated oligodendrocytes. In addition, inhibition of K(V)7/KCNQ channels promoted OPCs motility in vitro" ]

[ " Cyclobenzaprine Cyclobenzaprine , sold under the brand name Flexeril among others , is a muscle relaxer medication used to relieve skeletal muscle spasms and associated pain in acute musculoskeletal conditions . It is the best-studied drug for this application . It has also been used off-label for fibromyalgia treatment . As of 2015 the cost for a typical course of medication in the United States is less than ." ]

[ " Benzodiazepine Benzodiazepines ( BZD , BZs ) , sometimes called `` benzos '' , are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring . The first such drug , chlordiazepoxide ( Librium ) , was discovered accidentally by Leo Sternbach in 1955 , and made available in 1960 by Hoffmann -- La Roche , which , since 1963 , has also marketed the benzodiazepine diazepam ( Valium ) . In 1977 benzodiazepines were globally the most prescribed medications . Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) at the GABAA receptor , resulting in sedative , hypnotic ( sleep-inducing ) , anxiolytic ( anti-anxiety ) , anticonvulsant , and muscle relaxant properties . High doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines may also cause anterograde amnesia and dissociation . These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety , insomnia , agitation , seizures , muscle spasms , alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures . Benzodiazepines are categorized as either short - , intermediate - , or long-acting . Short - and intermediate-acting benzodiazepines are preferred for the treatment of insomnia ; longer-acting benzodiazepines are recommended for the treatment of anxiety . Benzodiazepines are generally viewed as safe and effective for short-term use , although cognitive impairment and paradoxical effects such as aggression or behavioral disinhibition occasionally occur . A minority of people can have paradoxical reactions such as worsened agitation or panic . Long-term use is controversial because of concerns about adverse psychological and physical effects , decreasing effectiveness , and physical dependence and withdrawal . As a result of adverse effects associated with the long-term use of benzodiazepines , withdrawal from benzodiazepines , in general , leads to improved physical and mental health . The elderly are at an increased risk of suffering from both short - and long-term adverse effects , and as a result , all benzodiazepines are listed in the Beers List of inappropriate medications for older adults . There is controversy concerning the safety of benzodiazepines in pregnancy . While they are not major teratogens , uncertainty remains as to whether they cause cleft palate in a small number of babies and whether neurobehavioural effects occur as a result of prenatal exposure ; they are known to cause withdrawal symptoms in the newborn . Benzodiazepines can be taken in overdoses and can cause dangerous deep unconsciousness . However , they are less toxic than their predecessors , the barbiturates , and death rarely results when a benzodiazepine is the only drug taken . When combined with other central nervous system ( CNS ) depressants such as alcoholic drinks and opioids , the potential for toxicity and fatal overdose increases . Benzodiazepines are commonly misused and taken in combination with other drugs of abuse .", " Sphincter A sphincter is a circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning . Sphincters are found in many animals . There are over 60 types in the human body , some microscopically small , in particular the millions of precapillary sphincters . Sphincters relax at death , often releasing fluids ." ]

[ "Twenty-nine-year-old Rory Bosio from Lake Tahoe, California, shattered the previous women's course record for the 103-mile The North Face Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc on August 31, winning the women's race and placing seventh overall. She's the first woman to ever break into the overall top 10." ]

[ "Rory Bosio: 'I prefer to keep it as simple as possible. I don't even wear a watch'. Ultra runner Rory Bosio on her own unique breakfast recipe, hatred of tapering and a laissez-faire approach to training. Rory Bosio, fuelled by oatmeal, berries, avocado and eggs.", "Titleist 913 D3 drivers. Like any young bachelor, Rory McIlroy can be a commitment-phobe. So it's no wonder his Titleist clubfitter was caught off guard when the 23-year-old star made a sudden midseason gear change, replacing his driver of two years for Titleist's new 913 D3 -- after only one session on the range." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To describe patient and provider characteristics associated with outpatient revisit frequency and to examine the associations between the revisit frequency and the processes and intermediate outcomes of diabetes care.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed data from Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD), a prospective, multicenter, observational study of diabetes care in managed care.RESULTS: Our analysis included 6040 eligible adult participants with type 2 diabetes (42.6% ?65 years of age, 54.1% female) whose primary care providers were the main provider of the participants' diabetes care. The median (interquartile range) revisit frequency was 4.0 (3.7, 6.0) visits per year. Being female, having lower education, lower income, more complex diabetes treatment, cardiovascular disease, higher Charlson comorbidity index, and impaired mobility were associated with higher revisit frequency. The proportion of participants who had annual assessments of HbA1c and LDL-cholesterol, foot examinations, advised or documented aspirin use, and influenza immunizations were higher for those with higher revisit frequency. The proportion of participants who met HbA1c (<9.5%) and LDL-cholesterol (<130 mg/dL) treatment goals were higher for those with a higher revisit frequency. The predicted probabilities of achieving more aggressive goals, HbA1c <8.5%, LDL-cholesterol <100mg/dL, and blood pressure <130/85 or even <140/90 mmHg were not associated with higher revisit frequency.CONCLUSIONS: Revisit frequency was highly variable and was associated with both sociodemographic characteristics and disease severity. A higher revisit frequency was associated with better processes of diabetes care, but the association with intermediate outcomes was less clear." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge (30-d readmission) is an undesirable outcome. Readmission of patients with diabetes is common and costly. Most of the studies that have examined readmission risk factors among diabetes patients did not include potentially important clinical data.OBJECTIVES: To provide a more comprehensive understanding of 30-day readmission risk factors among patients with diabetes based on predischarge and postdischarge data.RESEARCH DESIGN: In this retrospective cohort study, 48 variables were evaluated for association with readmission by multivariable logistic regression.SUBJECTS: In total, 17,284 adult diabetes patients with 44,203 hospital discharges from an urban academic medical center between January 1, 2004 and December 1, 2012.MEASURES: The outcome was all-cause 30-day readmission. Model performance was assessed by c-statistic.RESULTS: The 30-day readmission rate was 20.4%, and the median time to readmission was 11 days. A total of 27 factors were statistically significant and independently associated with 30-day readmission (P<0.05). The c-statistic was 0.82. The strongest risk factors were lack of a postdischarge outpatient visit within 30 days, hospital length-of-stay, prior discharge within 90 days, discharge against medical advice, sociodemographics, comorbidities, and admission laboratory values. A diagnosis of hypertension, preadmission sulfonylurea use, admission to an intensive care unit, sex, and age were not associated with readmission in univariate analysis.CONCLUSIONS: There are numerous risk factors for 30-day readmission among patients with diabetes. Postdischarge factors add to the predictive accuracy achieved by predischarge factors. A better understanding of readmission risk may ultimately lead to lowering that risk.", "BACKGROUND: Hospital readmission is common among patients with diabetes. Some readmissions, particularly for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, may be avoidable with better care transitions and post-discharge management.OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the most common reasons and risk factors for readmission among adults with diabetes, with specific consideration of severe dysglycemia.DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of data from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse, an administrative data set of commercially insured and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries across the U.S.PARTICIPANTS: Adults ?18years of age with diabetes, discharged from a hospital between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2014 (N=342,186).MAIN MEASURES: Principal diagnoses and risk factors for 30-day unplanned readmissions, subset as being for severe dysglycemia vs. all other causes.KEY RESULTS: We analyzed 594,146 index hospitalizations among adults with diabetes: mean age 68.2years (SD, 13.0), 52.9% female, and 67.8% white. The all-cause 30-day readmission rate was 10.8%. Heart failure was the most common cause for index hospitalization (5.5%) and readmission (8.9%). Severe dysglycemia accounted for 2.6% of index hospitalizations (48.1% hyperglycemia, 50.4% hypoglycemia, 1.5% unspecified) and 2.5% of readmissions (38.3% hyperglycemia, 61.0% hypoglycemia, 0.7% unspecified). Younger patient age, severe dysglycemia at index or prior hospitalization, and the Diabetes Complications Severity Index (DCSI) were the strongest risk factors predisposing patients to severe dysglycemia vs. other readmissions. Prior episodes of severe dysglycemia and the DCSI were also independent risk factors for other-cause readmissions, irrespective of the cause of the index hospitalization.CONCLUSIONS: Adults with diabetes are hospitalized and readmitted for a wide range of health conditions, and hospitalizations for severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia remain common, with high rates of recurrence. Severe dysglycemia is most likely to occur among younger patients with multiple diabetes complications and prior history of such events." ]

[ "As the last bar of Figure 3 shows, regulatory compliance costs are approaching the level of pretax corporate profits, which were $2.208 trillion in 2014.[38] This is the third time pretax profits have topped $2 trillion." ]

[ "As a result, if a taxpayer that has been found to be out of compliance takes sufficient action to come back into compliance, a new request for a Certificate of Compliance can be initiated by the requestor. The $10 fee will apply to any subsequent requests.", "1 : from recruitment challenges in finding and retaining suitably skilled staff to increasing pressure on compliance staffing budgets, 69 percent of respondents expect the cost of senior compliance professionals to increase in 2015.ey findings from the 2015 report include: : 1 compliance officers express regulatory fatigue and overload in the face of snowballing regulations." ]

[ "Though some studies suggest that older adults are not differentially impacted by foreign-accented speech relative to younger adults, other studies indicate that older adults are poorer at perceiving foreign-accented speech than younger adults. The present study sought, first, to clarify the extent to which older and younger adults differed in their perception of foreign-accented speech. The secondary aim was to elucidate the extent to which the cognitive mechanisms supporting accented speech perception differ for older and younger adults. The data indicated that older adults were poorer at perceiving accented speech than younger adults. Older adults' speech perception accuracy was associated with a significant main effect of working memory as well as significant interactions between hearing acuity and cognitive flexibility and between hearing acuity and inhibitory control. Younger adults' speech perception accuracy, in contrast, was associated with a significant interaction between hearing acuity and processing speed. It therefore appears that the differences in performance between younger and older adults observed here may be attributable to differences in the cognitive mechanisms that support accented speech perception." ]

[ "Young children often hear speech in unfamiliar accents, but relatively little research characterizes their comprehension capacity. The current study tested preschoolers' comprehension of familiar-accented versus unfamiliar-accented speech with varying levels of contextual support from sentence frames (full sentences vs. isolated words) and from visual context (four salient pictured alternatives vs. the absence of salient visual referents). The familiar accent advantage was more robust when visual context was absent, suggesting that previous findings of good accent comprehension in infants and young children may result from ceiling effects in easier tasks (e.g., picture fixation, picture selection) relative to the more difficult tasks often used with older children and adults. In contrast to prior work on mispronunciations, where most errors were novel object responses, children in the current study did not select novel object referents above chance levels. This suggests that some property of accented speech may dissuade children from inferring that an unrecognized familiar-but-accented word has a novel referent. Finally, children showed detectable accent processing difficulty despite presumed incidental community exposure. Results suggest that preschoolers' accented speech comprehension is still developing, consistent with theories of protracted development of speech processing.", "A previous study (Schneider, Daneman, Murphy, & Kwong See, 2000) found that older listeners' decreased ability to recognize individual words in a noisy auditory background was responsible for most, if not all, of the comprehension difficulties older adults experience when listening to a lecture in a background of unintelligible babble. The present study investigated whether the use of a more intelligible distracter (a competing lecture) might reveal an increased susceptibility to distraction in older adults. The results from Experiments 1 and 2 showed that both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired older adults performed poorer than younger adults when everyone was tested in identical listening situations. However, when the listening situation was individually adjusted to compensate for age-related differences in the ability to recognize individual words in noise, age-related difference in comprehension disappeared. Experiment 3 compared the masking effects of a single-talker competing lecture to a babble of 12 voices directly after adjusting for word recognition. The results showed that the competing lecture interfered more than did the babble for both younger and older listeners. Interestingly, an increase in the level of noise had a deleterious effect on listening when the distractor was babble but had no effect when it was a competing lecture. These findings indicated that the speech comprehension difficulties of healthy older adults in noisy backgrounds primarily reflect age-related declines in the ability to recognize individual words." ]

[ "If turmeric stains your clothing, treat the spot as quickly as possible. Start by rinsing the stained area with water and then apply liquid dish soap to the stain and let it sit for half an hour. Next, rinse the stain and then apply a little bit of white vinegar to help get rid of the residual color." ]

[ "Fresh turmeric is less bitter than dried turmeric. To successfully use fresh turmeric, wash the root of any dirt and scrub it well. You don't need to peel the turmeric, though some people prefer to. You can grate it with a microplane, ginger grater or the small side of a cheese grater. Wrap unused turmeric root in a paper towel, and store it in a plastic bag in your refrigerator for long-term storage. 2 Plant a piece of fresh turmeric root in a pot of wet, sandy soil to propagate your own turmeric plant.", "Instructions. 1 Place turmeric, ginger, cinnamon in a sauce pan. Add water and bring to a boil. 2 Strain tea and discard ingredients. 3 Add lemon juice and half slice of lemon." ]

[ "Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is increasingly common in the west, and survival remains poor at 10-15 % at 5 years. Immune responses are increasingly implicated as a determining factor of tumour progression. The ability of lymphocytes to recognise tumour antigens provides a mechanism for a host immune attack against cancer providing a potential treatment strategy. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs: CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and FOXp3+) were assessed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays in a contemporary and homogeneous cohort of OAC patients (n = 128) undergoing curative treatment. Multivariate analysis identified three independent prognostic factors for improved cancer-specific survival (CSS): increased CD8+ TILs (p = 0.003), completeness of resection (p < 0.0001) and lower pathological N stage (p < 0.0001). Independent prognostic factors for favourable disease-free survival included surgery-only treatment (p = 0.015), completeness of resection (p = 0.001), increased CD8+ TILs (p < 0.0001) and reduced pathological N stage (p < 0.0001). Higher levels of TILs in the pathological specimen were associated with significant pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). On multivariate analysis increased levels of CD4+ (p = 0.017) and CD8+ TILs (p = 0.005) were associated with significant local tumour regression and lymph node downstaging, respectively" ]

[ "Little data exist about the prognostic role of a lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) in patients with esophageal carcinoma. The objective of this study was to clarify the presence and prognostic impact of LVI in a large group of patients resected for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at one surgical center. Three hundred sixty-six patients, who had a primary resection for SCC, were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Follow-up was complete for 93.7% patients with a median follow-up of 8.3 years. The total rate of LVI was 39.1% (n = 143). Univariate analysis revealed a significant relation between LVI and different T classifications (P = 0.001), N classifications (P < 0.0001), M classifications (P < 0.0001), International Union Against Cancer (UICC) stages (P < 0.0001), and residual tumor (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis of the patients with R0-resected tumors proved LVI as an independent prognostic factor. The 2-, 5- and 10-year survival rates in patients with LVI were 28.5%, 11.1%, and 9.2% compared with 63.4%, 46.6%, and 27%, respectively, without LVI (P < 0.0001). Patients with LVI had a median survival time of 11.4 months compared with 28.6 months without LVI (P < 0.0001). Patients with R0-resected tumors without LVI had a median survival time of 54.1 months compared with 12.1 months in patients with LVI (P < 0.0001) and compared with 11.3 months in patients with R1-resected tumors P < 0.0001)", "BACKGROUND: The prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in esophageal cancer (EC) remains controversial.METHODS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between NLR and oncologic outcome of EC patients through a meta-analysis. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Embase for relevant studies. Meta-analysis was performed using hazard ratio (HR) and95% confidence interval (CI) as effect measures.RESULTS: Finally, 33 articles with 11,039patients were included in our study. The synthesized results indicated that the elevated NLR was negatively related to overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.23-1.54). When the patients were stratified according to country, pathological type, treatment strategies, sample size, and different HR estimate method, high NLR was also significantly correlated with poor OS. Similarly, elevated NLR was also associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS), progress-free survival (PFS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS).CONCLUSION: The elevated pretreatment NLR is associated with poor oncological outcomes in patients with EC. NLR may be a significant predictive biomarker in EC. Further large-cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings." ]

[ "Early adversity, in the form of abuse, neglect, socioeconomic status and other adverse experiences, is associated with poor physical and mental health outcomes. To understand the biologic mechanisms underlying these associations, studies have evaluated the relationship between early adversity and telomere length, a marker of cellular senescence. Such results have varied in regard to the size and significance of this relationship. Using meta-analytic techniques, we aimed to clarify the relationship between early adversity and telomere length while exploring factors affecting the association, including adversity type, timing and study design. A comprehensive search in July 2016 of PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science identified 2462 studies. Multiple reviewers appraised studies for inclusion or exclusion using a priori criteria; 3.9% met inclusion criteria. Data were extracted into a structured form; the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessed study quality, validity and bias. Forty-one studies (N=30 773) met inclusion criteria. Early adversity and telomere length were significantly associated (Cohen's d effect size=-0.35; 95% CI, -0.46 to -0.24; P<0.0001). Sensitivity analyses revealed no outlier effects. Adversity type and timing significantly impacted the association with telomere length (P<0.0001 and P=0.0025, respectively). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses revealed that medication use, medical or psychiatric conditions, case-control vs longitudinal study design, methodological factors, age and smoking significantly affected the relationship. Comprehensive evaluations of adversity demonstrated more extensive telomere length changes. These results suggest that early adversity may have long-lasting physiological consequences contributing to disease risk and biological aging." ]

[ "In the general population, older age is associated with short leukocyte telomere length and with high risk of infections. In a recent study of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia, long donor leukocyte telomere length was associated with improved survival in the recipients. These findings suggest that leukocyte telomere length could possibly be a marker of immune competence. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that shorter leukocyte telomere length is associated with higher risk of infectious disease hospitalization and infection-related death. Relative peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 75,309 individuals from the general population and the individuals were followed for up to 23 years. During follow up, 9228 individuals were hospitalized with infections and infection-related death occurred in 1508 individuals. Shorter telomere length was associated with higher risk of any infection (hazard ratio 1.05 per standard deviation shorter leukocyte telomere length; 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.07) and pneumonia (1.07; 1.03-1.10) after adjustment for conventional infectious disease risk factors. Corresponding hazard ratios for infection-related death were 1.10 (1.04-1.16) for any infection and 1.11 (1.04-1.19) for pneumonia. Telomere length was not associated with risk of skin infection, urinary tract infection, sepsis, diarrheal disease, endocarditis, meningitis or other infections. In conclusion, our findings indicate that leukocyte telomere length may be a marker of immune competence. Further studies are needed to determine whether risk of infections in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients can be reduced by considering donor leukocyte telomere length when selecting donors.", "To investigate the association of telomere length (TL) with trajectories of general cognitive abilities, we used data on 5955 participants from the Sex Differences in Health and Aging Study and the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging in Sweden, and the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, and the Health and Retirement Study in the United States. TL was measured at baseline, while general cognitive ability was assessed repeatedly up to 7 occasions. Latent growth curve models were used to examine the associations. One standard deviation increase of TL was associated with 0.021 unit increase (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.001, 0.042) of standardized mean general cognitive ability. After controlling for sex, the point estimate remained similar (0.019) with a wider CI (95% CI:-0.002, 0.039). The association was attenuated with adjustment for educational attainment (0.009, 95% CI:-0.009, 0.028). No strong evidence was observed for the association of TL and decline in general cognitive ability. Longer TL was associated with higher general cognitive ability levels in the age-adjusted models but not in the models including all covariates, nor with cognitive decline." ]

[ "oxide, not glass. Apparently, the above misconception was caused by the super-fast oxidation of the liquid gallium in even a trace amount of oxygen, i.e., nobody observed the true behavior of a liquid gallium on glass, until research at the UCLA debunked the above myth by testing Galinstan, a gallium-based alloy that is liquid at room temperature, in an oxygen-free environment. Note: These alloys form a thin dull looking oxide skin that is easily dispersed with mild agitation. The oxide-free surfaces are bright and lustrous. Because of the excellent characteristics and manufacturing methods, liquid metals are often used in wearable", "the distances between the molecules become smaller. When the liquid reaches its freezing point the molecules will usually lock into a very specific order, called crystallizing, and the bonds between them become more rigid, changing the liquid into its solid state (unless supercooling occurs). Only two elements are liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure: mercury and bromine. Four more elements have melting points slightly above room temperature: francium, caesium, gallium and rubidium. Metal alloys that are liquid at room temperature include NaK, a sodium-potassium metal alloy, galinstan, a fusible alloy liquid, and some amalgams (alloys involving mercury). Pure" ]

[ "titanium and magnesium are valued for their high strength-to-weight ratios; magnesium can also provide electromagnetic shielding. These materials are ideal for situations where high strength-to-weight ratio is more important than material cost, such as in aerospace and some automotive applications. Alloys specially designed for highly demanding applications, such as jet engines, may contain more than ten elements. Metals can be categorised according to their physical or chemical properties. Categories described in the subsections below include ferrous and non-ferrous metals; brittle metals and refractory metals; heavy and light metals; and base, noble, and precious metals. The \"\"Metallic elements\"\" table in this", "Amorphous metal An amorphous metal (also known as metallic glass or glassy metal) is a solid metallic material, usually an alloy, with disordered atomic-scale structure. Most metals are crystalline in their solid state, which means they have a highly ordered arrangement of atoms. Amorphous metals are non-crystalline, and have a glass-like structure. But unlike common glasses, such as window glass, which are typically electrical insulators, amorphous metals have good electrical conductivity. There are several ways in which amorphous metals can be produced, including extremely rapid cooling, physical vapor deposition, solid-state reaction, ion irradiation, and mechanical alloying. In the past, small" ]

[ "Oesophagectomy with extended lymphadenectomy carries considerable morbidity due to parietal trauma. It is also technically extremely demanding because the difficult access even through a large thoracotomy requires the use of long instruments to reach the deepest recess in the chest cavity. Since the first thoracoscopic oesophagectomy reported by Cuschieri et al. [1] in 1992, different minimally invasive approaches have been proposed [2-12]. The aim of this video is to show the accurate and relative ease of an entirely thoracoscopic and laparoscopic oesophagectomy with an extended lymph node dissection of mediastinum in prone position (thoracoscopically) and celiac trunk (laparoscopically). Oesophagectomy by thoracoscopy, laparoscopy and cervicotomy was proposed in a 63-year-old man with a lower third oesophageal cancer. General anaesthesia was performed with a double-lumen endotracheal tube and the patient was placed in prone position. Surgeons were positioned at the right side of the patient. Only three trocars were needed. A 10 mm 30-degree angled scope was inserted in the 7th intercostal space on the posterior axillary line and the remaining two 5 mm trocars were inserted in the 5th and 9th intercostal spaces on the posterior axillary line. Prone position allows an excellent visibility of the operative field even in an only partially deflated lung. In order to achieve a good exposure, transitory pneumothorax with CO2 (14 mmHg) was performed. The mediastinal pleura overlying the oesophagus was incised and the arch of azygos vein was isolated, ligated and divided. The oesophagus was circumferentially mobilized from the thoracic inlet down to oesophageal hiatus. Para oesophageal and subcarinal lymph nodes were dissected so as to remain in block with the surgical specimen. A 28 F chest tube was inserted in the 8th intercostal space on the anterior axillary line. In the second stage the patient was placed in supine position and pneumoperitoneum was established. Five trocars were placed along an ideal semicircular line, with the concavity facing the subcostal margin and a 30-degree angled laparoscope was used. The lesser omentum was widely opened up the right pillar of the hiatus. Mobilization of the greater curvature of the stomach was performed preserving the right gastroepiploic artery. A wide Kocher maneuver was performed. Celiac lymphadenectomy started with skeletonization of the hepatic artery until the root of left gastric artery was reached. This artery and the left gastric vein were dissected, clipped and sectioned. All fatty tissue and lymph nodes along hepatic artery, left gastric artery and celiac trunk were resected in block with the surgical specimen. Multiple applications of a linear endoscopic stapler were used to create the gastric tube. Finally the distal oesophagus was dissected, until the thoracoscopic dissection field was joined. In the third stage a left lateral cervicotomy was performed and the cervical oesophagus was dissected down to the thoracoscopic dissection plane. Oesophagus and stomach were delivered through the cervical incision and an oesophagogastric anastomosis was created by a linear stapler technique. Cervical and abdominal drainages were installed" ]

[ "This retrospective study determined whether extracorporeal esophagojejunostomy after laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG) for gastric cancer can be considered minimally invasive surgery, compared to the conventional open total gastrectomy (OTG). This retrospective study involved 60 patients seen between January 2004 and July 2006. Twenty-seven patients underwent LATG, and 33 patients had OTG. The surgical procedure included the use of five ports with an upper vertical midline incision. In all patients, reconstruction was performed by using a Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy through the minilaparotomy site. In all cases, the jejunojejunostomy was performed extracorporeally as the conventional method. In OTG, a Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy was performed with an upper midline incision. The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was smaller and the mean operating time was longer in the LATG group. The postoperative hospital course was similar in both groups. In the LATG group, the mean length of the minilaparotomy incision was 8.0+/-1.2 cm (maximum length, 11 cm), and a direct relationship was observed between the distance from the xiphoid process to the esophageal hiatus (DisXE) and the minilaparotomy incision length (Spearman's correlation of rank coefficient: 0.386; P=0.046)", "Objective: To investigate the feasibility, safety, short-term efficacy and long-term efficacy of elective lymph node dissection in patients with early esophageal cancer. Methods: The study retrospectively evaluated 405 patients with cT1N0M0 esophageal carcinoma who received minimally invasive esophagectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China between March 2007 and March 2013. Of those patients, 208 patients underwent systematic lymph node dissection (SLND) and 197 patients underwent elective lymph node dissection (ELND). The clinicopathologic factors, operational factors, postoperative complications, lymph node dissection and prognosis of patients were compared by independent sample t test, ÷(2) test, or Mann-Whitney rank test. The 5-year overall survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier estimation method using the Log-rank test. Results: There was no significant difference in clinicopathological data between the SLND group and the ELND group. The incidence of pulmonary infection (8.2% vs. 2.9%, P=0.04) and arrhythmia (6.2% vs. 2.0%, P=0.03) of the minor postoperative complications in the SLND group were higher than the ELND group. The incidence of pulmonary infection (6.2% vs. 2.0%, P=0.03), Chylothorax (5.8% vs.1.5%, P=0.02), anastomotic or pleural hemorrhage requiring reoperation (2.9% vs.0.5%, P=0.04) of major postoperative complications in the SLND group were higher than the ELND group, the difference was statistically significant. In the perioperative data of two groups, the incidence of total postoperative complications, total pulmonary complications, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospitalization, postoperative thoracic drainage duration and postoperative thoracic drainage fluid volume of the SLND group were higher than the ELND group, the difference was statistically significant. The mean numbers and stations of dissected lymph node in the SLND were 30.2±4.2 and 12.1±2.7, the mean numbers and stations of dissected lymph node in the ELND were 25.7±3.8 and 8.4±3.6. The survival rates of 1, 3, 5 years of all patients were 100%, 95.9% and 82.5%, respectively. The median survival time was 87.4 months. Further analysis showed that the 1, 3 and 5 years survival rate of patients with stage ? esophageal cancer was 100%, 97.1% and 88.9%, respectively. The median survival time was 89.3 months. The 1, 3 and 5 years survival rate of patients with stage ?a esophageal cancer was 100%, 93.2% and 76.8%, respectively. The median survival time was 77.2 months. There was no significant difference in survival rate between the SLND group and the ELND group in 1, 3 and 5 years. When taking a further analysis of stage ? esophageal cancer, the survival rates between 188 patients in the SLND group and 180 patients in the ELND group were no significant difference. When focus on the stage ?a esophageal cancer, the 1, 3 and 5 years survival rate were higher in the SLND group than that in the ELND group (100%, 94.5%, 83.2% vs. 100%, 91.3%, 72.1%, P=0.047), the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: ELND can be safely and effectively performed for early esophageal cancer with favorable short-term efficacy and long-term efficacy." ]

[ "Full Answer. The first patent recorded for a mechanical pencil was filed in England in 1822. Sampson Mordon and Gabriel Riddle invented what was essentially a refillable lead holder. In 1860, German inventor A.W. Faber created a holder that was more hollow than the original and able to fit longer pieces of lead." ]

[ "Answers 1. An aging intellectual in a world with no place for such people, Faber greatly disapproves of the dehumanized, oppressive society in which he lives. However, Faber feels it is safer to live discreetly rather than protest or attempt to change the world.", "According to Faberge fabergé family, lore not even The tsar knew what form they would—take the only requirement was that each contain a. Surprise Once Peter Carl faberge fabergé had approved an, initial design the work was carried out by a team, of craftsmen Among Them, Michael Perkhin henrik Wigstroem Wigström And. erik august kollinlso known as the Jeweled Hen Egg, it was the first in a series of 54 jeweled eggs made for the Russian Imperial family under Peter Carl Faberge'fabergé s. Supervision it was delivered To Tsar ALEXANDER iii in. 1885" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationship between changes in meal and snack consumption and eating disorder behaviors in a treatment sample of bulimic adults.METHOD: Eighty adults with bulimia nervosa (BN) were randomized to one of two treatments. Meal and snack consumption, binge eating frequency, and purging behavior frequency were assessed at baseline, end-of-treatment, and at four month follow-up using the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE).RESULTS: Generalized linear models indicated that increased consumption of evening meals over the course of treatment was related to a significant decrease in the rate of binge eating and purging at four month follow-up; these results remained significant when controlling for changes in depression over the course of treatment.CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the importance of focusing efforts on developing a pattern of regular evening meal consumption among individuals in the treatment of BN." ]

[ "Purging disorder (PD) has been included as a named condition within the DSM-5 category of Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder and differs from bulimia nervosa (BN) in the absence of binge-eating episodes. The current study evaluated satiation through behavioral and self-report measures to understand how this construct may explain distinct symptom presentations for bulimia nervosa (BN) and purging disorder (PD). Women (N = 119) were recruited from the community if they met DSM-5 criteria for BN (n = 57), PD (n = 31), or were free of eating pathology (n = 31 controls). Participants completed structured clinical interviews and questionnaires and an ad lib test meal during which they provided reports of subjective states. Significant group differences were found on self-reported symptoms, ad lib test meal intake, and subjective responses to food intake between individuals with eating disorders and controls and between BN and PD. Further, ad lib intake was associated with self-reported frequency and size of binge episodes. In a multivariable model, the amount of food consumed during binges as reported during clinical interviews predicted amount of food consumed during the ad lib test meal, controlling for other binge-related variables. Satiation deficits distinguish BN from PD and appear to be specifically linked to the size of binge episodes. Future work should expand exploration of physiological bases of these differences to contribute to novel interventions.", "Prior research suggests that the construct of emotional instability may be salient to bulimia nervosa (BN), but no study to date has used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine its temporal association with binge eating and purging. In the current study, 133 women with DSM-IV BN used portable digital devices to provide multiple daily negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) ratings and record eating disorder behaviors over 2 weeks. Two state-of-the art indices quantified affective instability: probability of acute change (PAC), which represents the likelihood of extreme affective increases, and mean squared successive difference (MSSD), which represents average change over successive recordings. For extreme affective change, results revealed that on bulimic behavior days, extreme NA increases were less likely after bulimic behaviors than before them, and extreme increases in PA were more likely after bulimic behaviors than during the same time period on non-bulimic behavior days. However, average NA instability (i.e., MSSD) was (a) greater on bulimic behavior days than non-bulimic behavior days, (b) greater after bulimic behaviors than during the same time period on non-bulimic behavior days, and (c) greater after bulimic behaviors than before them. Results lend support to the notion that bulimic behaviors are negatively reinforcing (i.e., via post-behavior acute affective changes), but also indicate that these behaviors may exacerbate overall affective dysregulation. These findings may improve understanding of BN maintenance and inform the development of novel interventions or refinement of existing treatments." ]

[ "the King of England. Since the English Reformation, the Church of England has been more explicitly a state church and the choice is legally that of the Crown; today it is made by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister, who receives a shortlist of two names from an \"\"ad hoc\"\" committee called the Crown Nominations Commission. Today the archbishop fills four main roles: In the last two of these functions, he has an important ecumenical and interfaith role, speaking on behalf of Anglicans in England and worldwide. The archbishop's main residence is Lambeth Palace in the London" ]

[ "church's assets in England and declared the Church of England as the established church with himself as its head. Henry's daughter, Queen Mary I, a staunch Catholic, attempted to restore the English church's allegiance to the Pope and repealed the Act of Supremacy in 1555. Her half-sister, the Protestant Elizabeth I, took the throne in 1558 and the next year, Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy of 1559 that restored the original act. The new Oath of Supremacy that nobles were required to swear gave the Queen's title as \"\"Supreme Governor\"\" of the church rather than \"\"Supreme Head\"\", to avoid", "right of all appeals to Rome, effectively ending the Pope's influence. The first Act of Supremacy confirmed Henry by statute as the \"\"Supreme Head of the Church of England\"\" in 1536. (Due to clergy objections the contentious term \"\"Supreme Head\"\" for the monarch later became \"\"Supreme Governor of the Church of England\"\" – which is the title held by the reigning monarch to the present.) Such constitutional changes made it not only possible for Henry to have his marriage annulled but also gave him access to the considerable wealth that the Church had amassed. Thomas Cromwell, as Vicar General, launched" ]

[ "Confectioner's Sugar. A cup of sifted confectioner’s sugar contains 390 calories, while an unsifted cup contains 468 calories. Also known as powdered sugar or icing sugar, confectioner’s sugar is used by bakers in frostings for cakes and cookies. This sugar is ground from granulated sugar to a fine powder." ]

[ "Another way to calculate this is by using the calories in one cup of sugar, 770, and using that figure to calculate the number of calories in one ounce. There are eight ounces in one cup, and 770 divided by eight is 96.25.96 calories in one ounce of sugar for the win.Note that this is one ounce by volume, not by weight.here are 6 teaspoons in one (dry) ounce. A teaspoon of sugar has 16 calories. Therefore, 6 x 16 = 96 calories per ounce of sugar. This is completely wrong. An ounce of sugar … (slightly more than ONE teapspoon) has around 19 calories. Sadly, no.", "How much is 440 grams of sugar in a cup? There are 8 ounces per cup. one ounce equals 28 grams, for simplicity 30 grams so one cup is 3 x 8 240 grams per cup 440 grams is therefore 1 cup 7 ounces." ]

[ "My name is Chat Doctor. As you underwent shunt surgery you might be experiencing CSF running in the shunt. . . As the shunt might be ventriculoperitoneal shunt which is placed subcutaneously placing ventricular reservoir under scalp and peritoneal end in the subcostal region. Due to passage of excess CSF from shunt reservoir to peritoneal the pressure exerted by CSF in the shunt tube." ]

[ "From the explanation that you give it looks like a central neurological problem in year head. It may from many causes such as encephalitis, meningitis, stroke, aneurysm in the brain, tumor, epilepsy etc. etc. Also, another cause may be from kidney problem that you have since creatinine level is high. I recommend you to see a specialist in neurology, and he will order blood tests and imaging test such as CT scan, MRI, ultrasound of kidney etc. If neurology specialist clears your sister he may send you to nephrology specialist to ad Chat Doctor. Wish you quick recovery", "This can be a serious problem of bleeding diaeresis as you have a history of blood dots on the body. The pains on one side of the body and a flu like symptoms can be due to the same blood spots affecting the brain on the left side hence you have problems on right (opposite side). I would advise you the following:Take a consultation of a Neurologist as soon as possible. Get an MRI of the brain with contrast. Blood tests including bleeding time, clotting time, platelet count, prothrombin tests, The treatment will depend upon the diagnosis" ]

[ "It is nighttime" ]

[ "the sun is still out" ]

[ "Yes that idea is nice." ]

[ "That's a horrible idea." ]

[ "Emsworth ranks in the upper quartile for Population Density when compared to the other cities, towns and Census Designated Places (CDPs) in Pennsylvania. See peer rankings below. The primary coordinate point for Emsworth is located at latitude 40.5109 and longitude -80.0962 in Allegheny County. The formal boundaries for the Borough of Emsworth (see map below) encompass a land area of 0.57 sq. miles and a water area of 0.12 sq. miles. Allegheny County is in the Eastern time zone (GMT -5). The elevation is 725 feet. The Borough of Emsworth (GNIS ID: 1214794) has a C5 Census Class Code which indicates an active incorporated place that is independent of any county subdivision and serves as a county subdivision equivalent." ]

[ "Austin-Travis County EMS (ATCEMS) is the exclusive provider of 911 ground response and transport in the county. ATCEMS is a publicly funded organization and barred from entering into contracts with insurance companies. As a result, every ambulance in Travis County is, by definition, an out-of-network provider.", "Hospitals and medical centers near Emsworth: 1 ALLEGHENY VALLEY SCHOOL ROBINS (Hospital, about 2 miles away; CORAOPOLIS, PA) 2 CARING HEIGHTS COMMUNITY CARE AND REHAB CTR (Nursing Home, about 2 miles away; CORAOPOLIS, PA) 3 DCI OF NORTH BOROUGH CLINIC (Dialysis Facility, about 3 miles away; PITTSBURGH, PA)" ]

[ "A chymotrypsin found in the secretions of Lucilia sericata and manufactured as a recombinant enzyme degrades chronic wound eschar ex vivo. To characterize the inhibition profile of the L. sericata recombinant chymotrypsin I. Activity of recombinant chymotrypsin I and its sensitivity to endogenous inhibitors were determined enzymatically using the fluorogenic substrate succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-phenylalanyl-aminomethyl coumarin. We report the presence of high concentrations of two endogenous inhibitors, α1-antichymotrypsin and α1-antitrypsin, in wound eschar and a trace of a third, α2-macroglobulin, with the potential to inhibit this debridement process. However, the addition of a soluble and inhibitor-containing extract of chronic wound eschar to chymotrypsin I did not affect activity of the enzyme, neither did the addition of purified native α1-antichymotrypsin or α1-antitrypsin, although chymotrypsin I was inhibited by α2-macroglobulin. Conversely, the mammalian equivalent, α-chymotrypsin, was inhibited by the purified native α1-antichymotrypsin, α1-antitrypsin and α2-macroglobulin and by the soluble extract of wound eschar" ]

[ "Ivermectin has emerged as very promising pediculicide, particularly in cases of resistance to commonly used pediculicides. Recently, however, the first field-evolved ivermectin-resistance in lice was reported. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying ivermectin-resistance, we both looked for mutations in the ivermectin-target site (GluCl) and searched the entire proteome for potential new loci involved in resistance from laboratory susceptible and ivermectin-selected resistant body lice. Polymorphism analysis of cDNA GluCl showed no non-silent mutations. Proteomic analysis identified 22 differentially regulated proteins, of which 13 were upregulated and 9 were downregulated in the resistant strain. We evaluated the correlation between mRNA and protein levels by qRT-PCR and found that the trend in transcriptional variation was consistent with the proteomic changes. Among differentially expressed proteins, a complexin i.e. a neuronal protein which plays a key role in regulating neurotransmitter release, was shown to be the most significantly down-expressed in the ivermectin-resistant lice. Moreover, DNA-mutation analysis revealed that some complexin transcripts from resistant lice gained a premature stop codon, suggesting that this down-expression might be due, in part, to secondary effects of a nonsense mutation inside the gene. We further confirmed the association between complexin and ivermectin-resistance by RNA-interfering and found that knocking down the complexin expression induces resistance to ivermectin in susceptible lice. Our results provide evidence that complexin plays a significant role in regulating ivermectin resistance in body lice and represents the first evidence that links complexin to insecticide resistance.", "Cathepsin L-like protease is an important member of the papain-like cysteine protease and plays numerous indispensable roles in the biology of parasitic organisms. In a previous study, we identified a gene encoding a cathepsin L-like protease of Clonorchis sinensis (CsCPL) that was detected in the cercaria, metacercaria, and adult worm stages by immunolocalization, suggesting that this cysteine protease may be important and involved in the development of C. sinensis. In this study, the mature domain of CsCPL (CsCPL-m) was cloned and expressed in the form of inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. After refolding, the recombinant CsCPL-m displayed optimal protease activity towards Z-Phe-Arg-AMC substrates but not towards Z-Arg-Arg-AMC, and the activity of the protease was inhibited completely by the cysteine protease-specific inhibitors E-64 and IAA, which further demonstrated that CsCPL belongs to the cathepsin L-like cysteine protease family. Recombinant CsCPL-m exhibited considerable activity at temperatures ranging from 28 to 42 °C, with the highest activity observed at 42 °C. Furthermore, recombinant CsCPL-m exhibited activity across a broad range of pH values (pH 4.0-8.0), with an optimal pH of 5.5. The Km and Vmax of the recombinant CsCPL-m towards Z-Phe-Arg-AMC were determined to be 5.71 ? 10-6 M and 0.6 ìM/min, respectively, at 37 °C and pH 5.5. The recombinant CsCPL-m could degrade BSA and gelatine, but could not degrade human hemoglobin and human immunoglobulin G. These results implied that CsCPL might participate in the catabolism of host proteins for nutrition during the parasitic life cycle of C. sinensis; thus, CsCPL could be used as a potential vaccine antigen and drug target against C. sinensis infection." ]

[ "While performing in The Frozen Deep, Dickens was given a play to read called The Dead Heart by Watts Phillips which had the historical setting, the basic storyline, and the climax that Dickens used in A Tale of Two Cities. For other uses, see A Tale of Two Cities (disambiguation). A Tale of Two Cities (1859) is a novel by Charles Dickens, set in London and Paris before and during the French Revolution." ]

[ "Tale of Two Cities Mr. Lorry Answer: Mr. Lorry is the gentleman who opens the story The Tale of Two Cities. He has worked for Tellson's Bank for many years and is …now charged with the task of informing young Lucie Mannette that her father has just been released from an 18 year imprisonment.", "A Brief Summary of A Tale of Two Cities. The story revolves mostly around Charles Darnay, a French ex-aristocrat and Sydney Carton, a British barrister. Darnay is victimized as he falls directly into the path of the Revolution’s movement and hides under pseudonyms instead of his actual name and title." ]

[ "Confocal Raman spectroscopy was implemented in a new label-free technique to quantify molecular diffusion coefficients within gels. A leading anti-HIV drug, tenofovir, was analyzed in a clinical microbicide gel. The gel was tested undiluted, and in 10%-50% wt/wt dilutions with vaginal fluid simulant to capture the range of conditions likely occurring invivo. The concentration distributions of tenofovir in gel over time and space were measured and input to a mathematical diffusion model to deduce diffusion coefficients. These were 3.16 0.11? 10-6 cm2/s in undiluted gel, and increased by 11%-46% depending on the extent of dilution. Results were interpreted with respect to traditional release rate measurements in devices such as Franz cells. This comparison highlighted an advantage of our assay in that it characterizes the diffusive barrier within the gel material itself; in contrast, release rate in the traditional assay is affected by external conditions, such as drug partitioning at the gel/liquid sink interface. This new assay is relevant to diffusion in polymeric hydrogels over pharmacologically relevant length scales, for example, those characteristic of topical drug delivery. Resulting transport parameters are salient measures of drug delivery potential, and serve as inputs to computational models of drug delivery performance." ]

[ "Gels are one of the soft material platforms being evaluated to deliver topically acting anti-HIV drugs (microbicides) to the vaginal environment. For each drug, its loaded concentration, gel properties and applied volume, and frequency of dosing can be designed to optimize PK and, thence, PD. These factors also impact user sensory perceptions and acceptability. Deterministic compartmental modeling of vaginal deployment and drug delivery achieved by test gels can help delineate how multiple parameters characterizing drug, vehicle, vaginal environment, and dosing govern details of PK and PD and also gel leakage from the canal. Such microbicide delivery is a transport process combining convection, e.g., from gel spreading along the vaginal canal, with drug diffusion in multiple compartments, including gel, mucosal epithelium, and stroma. The present work builds upon prior models of gel coating flows and drug diffusion (without convection) in the vaginal environment. It combines and extends these initial approaches in several key ways, including: (1) linking convective drug transport due to gel spreading with drug diffusion and (2) accounting for natural variations in dimensions of the canal and the site of gel placement therein. Results are obtained for a leading microbicide drug, tenofovir, delivered by three prototype microbicide gels, with a range of rheological properties. The model includes phosphorylation of tenofovir to tenofovir diphosphate (which manifests reverse transcriptase activity in host cells), the stromal concentration distributions of which are related to reference prophylactic values against HIV. This yields a computed summary measure related to gel protection (\"percent protected\"). Analyses illustrate tradeoffs amongst gel properties, drug loading, volume and site of placement, and vaginal dimensions, in the time and space history of gel distribution and tenofovir transport to sites of its anti-HIV action and concentrations and potential prophylactic actions of tenofovir diphosphate therein.", "A liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of tenofovir and tenofovir alafenamide concentrations in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Tenofovir and tenofovir alafenamide were extracted from matrix by solid phase extraction. The dried extraction eluents were dissolved in water for LC-MS/MS analysis. Separation was achieved with a Phenomenex Synergi 4 m Polar-RP 80A column (50 ? 2 mm) with a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The total run time was 5 min. Detection of analytes was achieved using electrospray ionization (positive mode) and triple quadrupole selected reaction monitoring. Standard curve concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 500 ng/mL for the plasma assay and 0.1-50 ng/mL for the cerebrospinal fluid assay. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were less than 12% in low, medium, and high quality control samples for both matrices. The validated methods were applied to the analysis of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples of a patient undergoing tenofovir therapy which involved the switch from Stribild (elvitegravir 150 mg/cobicistat 150 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg) to Genvoya (elvitegravir 150 mg/cobicistat 150 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg/tenofovir alafenamide 10 mg)." ]

[ "The National Market system will be developed." ]

[ "The National Market system will be disbanded." ]

[ "DNA fragmentation has been shown to be one of the causes of male infertility, particularly related to repeated abortions, and different methods have been developed to analyze it. In the present study, two commercial kits based on the SCD technique (Halosperm and SDFA) were evaluated by the use of the DNA fragmentation module of the ISAS v1 CASA system. Seven semen samples from volunteers were analyzed. To compare the results between techniques, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Data were used for calculation of Principal Components (two PCs were obtained), and subsequent subpopulations were identified using the Halo, Halo/Core Ratio, and PC data. Results from both kits were significantly different (P < 0.001). In each case, four subpopulations were obtained, independently of the classification method used. The distribution of subpopulations differed depending on the kit used. From the PC data, a discriminant analysis matrix was obtained and a good a posteriori classification was obtained (97.1% for Halosperm and 96.6% for SDFA). The present results are the first approach on morphometric evaluation of DNA fragmentation from the SCD technique. This approach could be used for the future definition of a classification matrix surpassing the current subjective evaluation of this important sperm factor." ]

[ "Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a viral disease that affects farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), often leading to mass mortalities. A quick detection of the ISA virus (ISAV) is crucial for decision-making and can prevent the occurrence of future outbreaks. Screening done by Canada's National Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory System (NAAHLS) uses quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) followed by sequencing of PCR amplicons. As neither technique provides information regarding the infectivity of the virus, suspected virulent strains are subsequently tested using viral isolation. However, this stepwise process can require significant time to deliver results. To speed up this delivery, we have improved on these pre-existing techniques by combining the use of cell culture with RT-qPCR to detect replicative virus in as little as 5days. Preliminary assays enabled the establishment of a minimal shift in Ct values over time, which is representative of viral replication in cultured cells. Subsequent blind panel analyses allowed the establishment of the optimal sampling days, as well as diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) estimates. This method could be adopted not only by laboratories conducting diagnostic analyses for ISAV, but also for other slow-replicating viral agents that replicate through a budding mechanism.", "The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) is increasing worldwide. In order to predict the rate of pregnancy after ART the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of ejaculated spermatocytes may be a better marker than conventional semen quality parameters. Spermatocytes with fragmented DNA are associated with apoptotic stages and are characterized by a low DNA content. The subhaploid nuclei of DNA-damaged spermatocytes can be easily detected by flow cytometry. We here analyzed the percentage of subhaploid nuclei of semen samples from 163 patients aged 26 to 74 years who consulted one of the ten centres for reproductive medicine which routinely send sperm samples to our laboratory in order to determine special sperm parameters. The percentage of subhaploid nuclei indicating the DFI of spermatocytes did not correlate with age and sperm volume, but inversely correlated with sperm concentration and the percentage of motile spermatocytes. This is in concordance with previous studies which demonstrated that DNA damage of spermatozoa correlates with conventional semen quality parameters. Since DNA-damaged spermatocytes are associated with an impaired outcome of assisted conception technologies, this method could help to monitor sperm quality of subfertile men after measures to increase sperm quality and to improve selection criteria of cryopreserved sperm samples in assisted reproduction medicine." ]

[ " This tradition of excellence at Baume & Mercier is based on the design and development of its products at the Maison's headquarters in Geneva, and on the \"établissage\" process carried out at its workshops in the Swiss Jura, in Les Brenets. This means that watch production is centralized in Switzerland." ]

[ " Glycine Watch SA is a wristwatch manufacturer, founded in 1914, and based in Bienne, Switzerland.", " Dials come from factories in the Swiss towns of La Chaux-de-Fonds and Grenchen, cases are polished in Portugal and Thailand and bracelets are made in China. China — actually the brand's early presence throughout Asia — also has made a significant difference in Longines' development." ]

[ "Based on the interaction mode of capture probe-target-signal probe (CP-T-SP), a simple but efficient electrochemical sensing method is developed for robust detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) lac Z gene sequence. The sensing system is simply composed of two probes with CP attached to the surface of gold electrode and methylene blue (MB)-labeled SP free in the detecting solution. Two duplexes are formed with the target DNA, an E. coli lac Z gene sequence, hybridizing with two ends of CP and SP separately. This structure can position the MB labels near to the electrode surface, thereby resulting in the change of detecting current. The proposed sensor exhibits a high sensitivity with a detection limit of ?30 fM for target DNA and good mismatch discrimination ability (MDA). This method can also be applied to the construction of other sensors for the analysis of similar designated pathogenic bacteria gene sequence (PBGS)." ]

[ "Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are the most common agents of diarrhea. Waterborne DEC could pose a potential health risk to human through agricultural, household, recreational, and industrial use. There are few published reports on the detection of DEC and its seasonal distribution in aquatic environments. The presence of DEC in different types of aquatic environments was investigated in this study. Water samples were collected from major rivers, water reservoirs, and recreational hot springs throughout Taiwan. Moreover, an intensive water sampling plan was carried out along Puzih River. The detection of DEC target genes was used to determine the presence of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Among the 383 water samples analyzed, DEC was found in 122 (31.8%) samples. The detection rate varied by genotype, raging from 3.6% for STEC to 17.2% for EPEC. The DEC detection rate was higher from river waters than reservoirs and hot springs. In addition, DEC was detected at a higher rate in spring and summer. The presence of EPEC was significantly associated with total coliform levels among hot spring samples. Moreover, the presence of ETEC in river water samples was associated with heterotrophic plate counts. Water with EPEC differed significantly in pH from Puzih River samples. These results suggest that seasonal characteristics may affect the presence of DEC in different aquatic environments, and water quality indicators may be indicative of the presence of DEC.", "AIMS: Characterization of the biosynthesis (secretion and immunity) of lactococcin Z.METHODS AND RESULTS: Lactococcin Z is produced by Lactococcus lactisQU 7. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the lactococcin Z gene cluster (c. 51kb) includes four genes encoding putative biosynthetic proteins, LczB (self-immunity protein), LczC (an ABC transporter) and LczD (a transport accessory protein), besides the previously identified LczA. LczB showed 255% identity to LciA, the lactococcin A immunity protein, while LczC and LczD had 937 and 953% identities, respectively, to corresponding proteins of lactococcin A. Heterologous expression of various combinations of the four genes indicated that lczB confers self-immunity against lactococcin Z, and that the four genes are necessary to produce lactococcin Z. However, LczB and LciA showed no cross-immunity to lactococcins A and Z respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The results verified that LczB is the lactococcin Z immunity protein, and LczC is responsible for lactococcin Z secretion in a manner dependent on LczD expression.SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The biosynthesis (secretion and immunity) of a new Lactococcus-specific bacteriocin, lactococcin Z, was characterized. Moreover, the results suggested that lactococcin Z has different immunity and action mechanisms from other Lactococcus-specific bacteriocins." ]

[ "Super Bowl XXX Super Bowl XXX was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1995 season. The Cowboys defeated the Steelers by the score of 27–17. The game was played on January 28, 1996, at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona, the first time the Super Bowl was played in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Both teams entered the game trying to tie the San Francisco 49ers for the record for most Super Bowl wins by" ]

[ "Greene) are Texas natives, as is former Steelers Pro Bowl nose tackle Casey Hampton, as well as the player that Chuck Noll chose in front of Dan Marino during the 1983 NFL Draft, Gabriel Rivera. Former Buffalo Bills head coach Chan Gailey served as offensive coordinator in Pittsburgh before becoming the head coach of the Cowboys for two years in the late 1990s. There have also been demographic shifts in both regions that have contributed to Pittsburgh fans living in Dallas, and Dallas fans living in Pittsburgh. In the 1980s the Pittsburgh region was hit hard by the decline and", "exchange division titles in 1992 and 1993 before the Steelers became the dominant team in the AFC Central due to Oilers owner Bud Adams going through with his threats to blow up the team and rebuild if it didn't go to the Super Bowl. During this time, both teams were fighting for new stadiums in order to remain competitive. While the Steelers would eventually get one in Heinz Field (although they would've stayed in a refurbished Three Rivers Stadium if the financing plan for Heinz Field fell through), the Oilers couldn't get a new stadium built in Houston and announced" ]

[ "The man is next to the river." ]

[ "The river is on fire." ]

[ "Living cells are known for their capacity for versatile signal processing, particularly the ability to respond differently to the same stimuli using biochemical networks that integrate environmental signals and reconfigure their dynamic responses. However, the complexity of natural biological networks confounds the discovery of fundamental mechanisms behind versatile signaling. Here, we study one specific aspect of reconfigurable signal processing in which a minimal biological network integrates two signals, using one to reconfigure the network's transfer function with respect to the other, producing an emergent switch between induction and repression. In contrast to known mechanisms, the new mechanism reconfigures transfer functions through genetic networks without extensive protein-protein interactions. These results provide a novel explanation for the versatility of genetic programs, and suggest a new mechanism of signal integration that may govern flexibility and plasticity of gene expression." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: The prospect of real-time and on-node spike sorting provides a genuine opportunity to push the envelope of large-scale integrated neural recording systems. In such systems the hardware resources, power requirements and data bandwidth increase linearly with channel count. Event-based (or data-driven) processing can provide here a new efficient means for hardware implementation that is completely activity dependant. In this work, we investigate using continuous-time level-crossing sampling for efficient data representation and subsequent spike processing.APPROACH: (1) We first compare signals (synthetic neural datasets) encoded with this technique against conventional sampling. (2) We then show how such a representation can be directly exploited by extracting simple time domain features from the bitstream to perform neural spike sorting. (3) The proposed method is implemented in a low power FPGA platform to demonstrate its hardware viability.MAIN RESULTS: It is observed that considerably lower data rates are achievable when using 7 bits or less to represent the signals, whilst maintaining the signal fidelity. Results obtained using both MATLAB and reconfigurable logic hardware (FPGA) indicate that feature extraction and spike sorting accuracies can be achieved with comparable or better accuracy than reference methods whilst also requiring relatively low hardware resources.SIGNIFICANCE: By effectively exploiting continuous-time data representation, neural signal processing can be achieved in a completely event-driven manner, reducing both the required resources (memory, complexity) and computations (operations). This will see future large-scale neural systems integrating on-node processing in real-time hardware.", "Nucleic acid circuits have played important roles in biological engineering and have increasingly attracted researchers' attention. They are primarily based on nucleic acid hybridizations and strand displacement reactions between nucleic acid probes of different lengths. Signal amplification schemes that do not rely on protein enzyme show great potential in analytical applications. While the single amplification circuit often achieves linear amplification that may not meet the need for detection of target in a very small amount, it is very necessary to construct cascade circuits that allow for larger amplification of inputs. Herein, we have successfully engineered powerful amplification cascades of FRET-based two-layer nonenzymatic nucleic acid circuits, in which the outputs of catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) activate hybridization chain reactions (HCR) circuits to induce repeated hybridization, allowing real-time monitoring of self-assembly process by FRET signal. The cascades can yield 50000-fold signal amplification with the help of the well-designed and high-quality nucleic acid circuit amplifiers. Subsequently, with coupling of structure-switching aptamer, as low as 200 pM adenosine is detected in buffer, as well as in human serum. To our knowledge, we have for the first time realized real-time monitoring adaptation of HCR to CHA circuits and achieved amplified detection of nucleic acids and small molecules with relatively high sensitivity." ]

[ "Frazeysburg, Ohio. (Redirected from Frazeysburg) Frazeysburg is a village in Muskingum County, Ohio, United States, along Wakatomika Creek. The population was 1,326 at the 2010 census. Frazeysburg is home to the world's largest apple basket, which is located on the Longaberger homestead." ]

[ "Get instant access to the most accurate database of Frazeysburg bank owned homes and Frazeysburg government foreclosed properties for sale. Bank Foreclosures Sale offers America's most reliable and up-to-date listings of bank foreclosures in Frazeysburg, Ohio. Try our lists of cheap Frazeysburg foreclosure homes now!", "Find Frazeysburg Ohio sheriff's office, department, headquarters, jail and detention center. Sheriffs provide information on records, arrests, inmates, warrants, and mugshots. Frazeysburg Sheriff. Find Frazeysburg Ohio sheriff's office, department, headquarters, jail and detention center. Sheriffs provide information on records, arrests, inmates, warrants, and mugshots." ]

[ "Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne on April 1, 1976, to develop and sell personal computers. It was incorporated as Apple Computer, Inc. on January 3, 1977, and was renamed as Apple Inc. on January 9, 2007, to reflect its shifted focus toward consumer electronics. Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL) joined the Dow Jones Industrial Average on March 19, 2015." ]

[ "Apple changed the original name Mac OS X to OS X in 2012 and then to macOS in 2016, adopting the nomenclature that it uses for their other operating systems, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS. The latest version of macOS is macOS 10.12 Sierra, which was publicly released in September 2016. macOS is based on technologies developed at NeXT between 1985 and 1997, when Apple acquired the company. The X in Mac OS X and OS X is pronounced ten, as it is the Roman numeral for the number 10.", "In 1996 Apple bought NeXT and Jobs returned to Apple, becoming its CEO. With the help of British-born industrial designer Jonathan Ive, Jobs brought his own aesthetic philosophy back to the ailing company and began to turn its fortunes around with the release of the iMac in 1998." ]

[ "although elements of Hemingway, Faulkner, and \"\"Casablanca\"\" can be found in the film, it represents Hawks's capacity for expression, claiming it is, \"\"beyond doubt, exactly the work its director intended it to be, and would have been nothing like this in the hands of anyone else.\"\" Cricket, the piano player in the hotel bar, was played by the singer-songwriter Hoagy Carmichael. In the course of the movie, Cricket and Slim perform \"\"How Little We Know\"\", by Carmichael and Johnny Mercer, and \"\"Am I Blue?\"\", by Harry Akst and Grant Clarke. Cricket and the band also perform \"\"Hong Kong Blues\"\", by", "To Have and Have Not (film) To Have and Have Not is a 1944 American romance-war-adventure film directed by Howard Hawks, loosely based on Ernest Hemingway's 1937 novel of the same name; however, the story was altered for the film. It stars Humphrey Bogart, Walter Brennan and Lauren Bacall in her film debut; it also features Dolores Moran, Hoagy Carmichael, Sheldon Leonard, Dan Seymour, and Marcel Dalio. The plot centers on the romance between a freelancing fisherman in Martinique and a beautiful American drifter which is complicated by the growing French resistance in Vichy France. Ernest Hemingway and Howard Hawks" ]

[ "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) The Haves and the Have Nots is an American crime drama and soap opera created, executive produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry. The premise of the series is based on Perry's 2011 play \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". The show premiered on May 28, 2013 on the Oprah Winfrey Network. It is the first scripted television series to air on the network. Both the show's first and second episodes aired back-to-back on its premiere night. Each episode is one hour long. \"\"Variety\"\" has recognized \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots", "a romantic relationship. The \"\"Radio Times\"\" noted \"\"A non-starry but well-played little drama, claustrophobic, certainly not uninteresting, but not quite good enough\"\"; whereas \"\"Britmovie\"\" called it a \"\"Stiff upper lip romantic melodrama, not quite so bad as it sounds.\"\" To Have and to Hold (1951 film) To Have and to Hold is a 1951 British drama film directed by Godfrey Grayson and starring Avis Scott, Patrick Barr and Robert Ayres. Facing death following a riding accident, a man spends his final days arranging the future romantic needs of his wife. Following a riding accident, country gentleman Brian Harding (Patrick Barr)" ]

[ " The incidence of hereditary fructose intolerance is estimated to be 1 in 20,000 to 30,000 individuals each year worldwide." ]

[ " Mutations in the ALDOB gene cause hereditary fructose intolerance. The ALDOB gene provides instructions for making the aldolase B enzyme. This enzyme is found primarily in the liver and is involved in the breakdown (metabolism) of fructose so this sugar can be used as energy. Aldolase B is responsible for the second step in the metabolism of fructose, which breaks down the molecule fructose-1-phosphate into other molecules called glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. ALDOB gene mutations reduce the function of the enzyme, impairing its ability to metabolize fructose. A lack of functional aldolase B results in an accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate in liver cells. This buildup is toxic, resulting in the death of liver cells over time. Additionally, the breakdown products of fructose-1-phosphase are needed in the body to produce energy and to maintain blood sugar levels. The combination of decreased cellular energy, low blood sugar, and liver cell death leads to the features of hereditary fructose intolerance.", " Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome affects 2 to 5 per 100,000 people who are genetically male. Partial androgen insensitivity is thought to be at least as common as complete androgen insensitivity. Mild androgen insensitivity is much less common." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Subjective cognitive concerns may represent a simple method to assess likelihood of memory decline among apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 carriers.METHODS: We examined the relationship of self-reported subjective cognitive concerns, using seven specific cognitive concerns, with memory and memory decline over 6years among APOE 4 carriers and non-carriers from the Nurses' Health Study.RESULTS: In both groups, increasing subjective cognitive concern score predicted worse baseline memory and faster rates of subsequent memory decline, after adjustment for age, education and depression. The relation with baseline memory appeared statistically stronger in APOE 4 carriers (P-interaction=0.03). For memory decline, mean differences in slopes of episodic memory (95% CI) for 4 to 7 versus no concern=-0.05 (-0.10, 0.01) standard units in APOE 4 carriers, and -0.04 (-0.08, -0.01) standard units in non-carriers.CONCLUSIONS: APOE 4 carriers with self-assessed cognitive concerns appear to have worse memory, and possibly accelerated memory decline." ]

[ "The apolipoprotein (APOE) 4 allele, a well-described genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD), is associated with sleep disturbances even in cognitively normal older adults, although it is not clear whether this association is independent of sleep apnea. We sought to extend previous studies by examining whether cognitively normal older adults without self-reported sleep apnea who carry the APOE 4 allele have altered sleep characteristics compared to noncarriers. Data from N = 36 (APOE 4 carriers [n = 9], noncarriers [n = 27]) cognitively normal older adults (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] scale = 0) without self-reported sleep apnea were used for these analyses. Participants wore an actigraph for 7 days to determine sleep characteristics. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were used to assess sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, respectively. The APOE 4 carriers had a higher number of awakenings compared to the noncarriers ( P = .02). There was no significant difference in the PSQI global score and the ESS; however, the PSQI subcomponent of daily disturbances was significantly higher in APOE 4 carriers ( P = .03), indicating increased daytime dysfunction is related to disrupted sleep. This study provides evidence that individuals who are cognitively normal and genetically at risk of AD may have disrupted sleep. These findings are consistent with prior studies and suggest that sleep disruption may be present in the presymptomatic stages of AD.", "Despite evidence of a relationship between Apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4+ and later-life cognitive decline, the lifespan effects of carrying an 4+ allele on cognitive ageing are not well understood. Evidence of 4+ advantages in early-life are inconsistent, but not inconsiderable. We explored the proposal that APOE 4+ cognitive advantages arise only in response to complex and sensitive tasks targeting specific executive functions. We systematically manipulated executive demand within verbal fluency, decision-making, prospective memory, and sustained attention tasks. Participants aged 18-25 years (21 4+, 63 33) also completed a measure of subjective effort. Under low executive demand, 4+ made fewer verbal fluency word repeats compared to 33 carriers. Under high executive demand, 4+ showed lower costs associated with performing concurrent tasks, greater switching errors, and more verbal fluency root repetition errors. Overall, 4+ appeared to be showing working memory updating advantages under conditions of low executive demand, more effective resource allocation under elevated levels of executive demand, and errors indicating different strategy use compared to 33 carriers, including speed-accuracy trade-offs." ]

[ "Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause devastating congenital Zika syndromes in pregnant women and Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults. Understanding the molecular mechanism of ZIKV replication is essential for antiviral and vaccine development. Here we report the structural and functional characterization of ZIKV NS2A protein. Biochemical structural probing suggests that ZIKV NS2A has a single segment that traverses the ER membrane and six segments that peripherally associate with the ER membrane. Functional analysis has defined distinct NS2A residues essential for viral RNA synthesis or virion assembly. Only the virion assembly-defective mutants, but not the RNA synthesis-defective mutants, could be rescued through trans complementation with a wide-type NS2A protein. These results suggest that the NS2A molecules in virion assembly complex could be recruited in trans, whereas the NS2A molecules in viral replication complex must be recruited in cis. Together with previous results, we propose a flavivirus assembly model where NS2A plays a central role in modulating viral structural and nonstructural proteins as well as genomic RNA during virion assembly." ]

[ "The NS2B-NS3 viral protease is an attractive drug target against Zika virus (ZIKV) due to its importance in viral replication and maturation. Here we report thecrystal structure of protease in complex with a dipeptide inhibitor, Acyl-KR-aldehyde (compound1). The aldehyde moiety forms a covalent bond with the catalytic Ser135 of NS3. The Arg and Lys residues inthe inhibitor occupy the S1 and S2 sites of the protease, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies demonstrate that the complex is in the closed conformation in solution. The chemical environment of residues surrounding the active site is sensitive to the bound inhibitor as demonstrated by the comparison with two other non-covalent dipeptides, Acyl-K-Agmatine (compound 2) and Acyl-KR-COOH (compound 3). Removing the aldehyde moiety in 1 converts the binding mode from a slow to a fast exchange regime. The structural dynamics information obtained in this study will guide future drug discovery against ZIKV and other flaviviruses.", "Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus and its infection associates with neurologic diseases. Whether heparan sulfate (HS), an attachment factor for many viruses, plays a role in the ZIKV infection remains controversial. Our study generated several HS biosynthesis-deficient cell clones by disrupting SLC35B2, B3GAT3, or B4GALT7 gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The HS deficiency did not affect the viral attachment and internalization of ZIKV, but reduced the attachment of Dengue virus (DENV) 2. The early RNA and protein levels of ZIKV and DENV2 were impaired in the HS deficient cells, while the viral yields were not accordingly reduced. Our data further showed that HS promoted the cell death induced by virus infection, and inhibition of cell death significantly increased the viral replication of ZIKV and DENV2. Collectively, our study described an unexpected role of HS in the viral attachment, replication and cell death induced by ZIKV." ]

[ " Congenital mirror movement disorder is a very rare disorder. Its prevalence is thought to be less than 1 in 1 million. Researchers suggest that some mildly affected individuals may never be diagnosed." ]

[ " Addison disease affects approximately 11 to 14 in 100,000 people of European descent. The autoimmune form of the disorder is the most common form in developed countries, accounting for up to 90 percent of cases.", " This disorder is thought to affect approximately 1 in 35,000 to 50,000 newborns." ]

[ "Osteogenic protein-1 (OP1) not only possesses trophic activity on bone tissue but also influences neuronal survival and differentiation in vitro. Specific receptors for OP1 are present in brain and spinal cord and can be upregulated during cerebral contusion. OP1 is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, several of whose members possess neuroprotective activity. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of OP1 in cerebral ischemia was evaluated in adult animals. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate. OP1 or vehicle was administered intracortically or intracerebroventricularly to the rats. Thirty minutes, 24 hours, or 72 hours after OP1 injection, the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) was ligated for 90 minutes. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, animals were tested for motor behavior. The animals were subsequently anesthetized with urethane and perfused intracardially with saline. Brain tissue was removed, sliced, and incubated with 2% triphenyltetrazolium chloride to localize the area of infarction" ]

[ "Heat-shock protein B8 (HSPB8) has been recently reported to confer neuroprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cerebral injury in vivo and in vitro. However, the molecular mechanism is still elusive. This study focused on the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) delivery of lenti-HSPB8 virus against neurological injury in a rat model of cerebral I/R and explored the underlying mechanism. We found that lentivirus i.c.v injection-induced HSPB8 over-expression strongly alleviated infarct volume, improved neurobehavioral outcomes, and reduced brain edema in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model. Concomitantly, HSPB8 over-expression noticeably prevented blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption after cerebral I/R injury as indicated by the reduction in Evans blue leakage and IgG detection in the ipsilateral hemisphere compared with the vehicle group. Moreover, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining of tight junction proteins claudin-5 and occludin showed that HSPB8 over-expression prevented the degradation of these proteins induced by MCAO/R, which indicated the protective effect of HSPB8 on BBB. Western blotting and immunostaining techniques were also utilized to analyze the expression of the markers of autophagy. We found that HSPB8 over-expression promoted autophagic flux, evidenced by increased ratio of LC3 I/II, accumulation of Beclin-1 expression and enhanced p62 degradation. i.c.v injection of 15 ìg autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was applied at the onset of reperfusion. The results showed that 3-MA elicited a significant loss of the protective effect of HSPB8 against MCAO/R-induced neurological defect, Evans blue extravasation, and the loss tight junction proteins, suggesting that the BBB protective role of HSPB8 was, at least in part, mediated through autophagy. Collectively, HSPB8 may represent a potential therapeutic agent for preserving BBB integrity following cerebral I/R injury. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14488.", "Animal models of focal ischaemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) provide most evidence for cellular inflammatory responses in stroke. Permanent MCAO results in a modest neutrophil infiltration at 24 h after ischaemia, predominantly around arterial vessels at the margins of infarction, whereas MCAO with subsequent reperfusion is associated with substantial infiltration by neutrophils throughout the entire infarct. Several studies show that C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, is associated with stroke outcomes and future vascular events. Several drugs, especially hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins), have been demonstrated to reduce hsCRP levels independently of their effects on plasma cholesterol. Various cytokines were shown to be expressed in the injured brain. Recent investigations demonstrated that mRNAs of above cytokines were induced in the ischemic rat brain. TNF-alpha is a pleiotropic cytokine that mediates key roles in many physiological and pathological cellular processes including acute and chronic inflammation, programmed cell death or apoptosis, anti-tumor responses, and infection. Pharmaceutical industry to search a small molecule TNF inhibitor have taken multiple strategies. Significant protection after in vivo oral use of SB-239063 from brain injury and neurological deficits was observed in one study. In the same study significant protection from brain injury and neurological deficits was also demonstrated due to i.v post-stroke treatment with the same compound. Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion process consists of several steps, beginning with rolling of the leukocyte on the endothelial surface until it has slowed down to such a degree that it sticks to the endothelium. Treatment with a murine anti-ICAM-1 antibody (enlimomab) has been investigated in patients with acute ischemic stroke in the Enlimomab Acute Stroke Trial (EAST). Unfortunately, the case fatality rate in this trial was significantly higher in the enlimomab patient group than in the placebo group. Furthermore, experimental data have shown that focal cerebral ischemia induces a time-dependent activation of granulocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages. Dissipation of ATP by CD39 reduced P2X7 receptor stimulation and thereby suppressed baseline leukocyte alphaMbeta2-integrin expression. As alphaMbeta2-integrin blockade reversed the postischemic, inflammatory phenotype of Cd39-/- mice, these data suggest that phosphohydrolytic activity on the leukocyte surface suppresses cell-cell interactions that would otherwise promote thrombosis or inflammation." ]

[ "The thalamus receives sensory input from different circuits in the periphery. How these sensory channels are integrated at the level of single thalamic cells is not well understood. We performed targeted single-cell-initiated transsynaptic tracing to label the retinal ganglion cells that provide input to individual principal cells in the mouse lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). We identified three modes of sensory integration by single LGN cells. In the first, 1-5 ganglion cells of mostly the same type converged from one eye, indicating a relay mode. In the second, 6-36 ganglion cells of different types converged from one eye, revealing a combination mode. In the third, up to 91 ganglion cells converged from both eyes, revealing a binocular combination mode in which functionally specialized ipsilateral inputs joined broadly distributed contralateral inputs. Thus, the LGN employs at least three modes of visual input integration, each exhibiting different degrees of specialization." ]

[ "Default mode network (DMN) deactivation has been shown to be functionally relevant for goal-directed cognition. In this study, the DMN's role during olfactory processing was investigated using two complementary functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms with identical timing, visual-cue stimulation, and response monitoring protocols. Twenty-nine healthy, non-smoking, right-handed adults (mean age = 26  4 years, 16 females) completed an odor-visual association fMRI paradigm that had two alternating odor + visual and visual-only trial conditions. During odor + visual trials, a visual cue was presented simultaneously with an odor, while during visual-only trial conditions the same visual cue was presented alone. Eighteen of the twenty-nine participants (mean age = 27.0  6.0 years, 11 females) also took part in a control no-odor fMRI paradigm that consisted of a visual-only trial condition which was identical to the visual-only trials in the odor-visual association paradigm. Independent Component Analysis (ICA), extended unified structural equation modeling (euSEM), and psychophysiological interaction (PPI) were used to investigate the interplay between the DMN and olfactory network. In the odor-visual association paradigm, DMN deactivation was evoked by both the odor + visual and visual-only trial conditions. In contrast, the visual-only trials in the no-odor paradigm did not evoke consistent DMN deactivation. In the odor-visual association paradigm, the euSEM and PPI analyses identified a directed connectivity between the DMN and olfactory network which was significantly different between odor + visual and visual-only trial conditions. The results support a strong interaction between the DMN and olfactory network and highlights the DMN's role in task-evoked brain activity and behavioral responses during olfactory processing. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1125-1139, 2017. 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.", "Spatial integration of visual stimuli is a crucial step in visual information processing yet it is often unclear where this integration takes place in the visual system. In the superficial layers of the superior colliculus that form an early stage in visual information processing, neurons are known to have relatively small visual receptive fields, suggesting limited spatial integration. Here it is shown that at least for rats this conclusion may be wrong. Extracellular recordings in urethane-anaesthetized young adult rats (1.5-2 months old) showed that large stimuli of over 10 could evoke detectable responses well outside the borders of 'classical' receptive fields determined by employing 2 - 3.5 stimuli. The presence of responses to large stimuli well outside these 'classical' receptive fields could not be explained neither by partial overlap between the visual stimulus and the receptive field, nor by reflections or light dispersion from the stimulation site. However, very low frequency (<0.1 Hz) residual responses to small stimuli presented outside the receptive field may explain the obtained results if we assume that the frequency of action potentials during a response to a stimulus outside RF is proportional to the stimulus area. Thus, responses to large stimuli outside RF may be predicted by scaling according to the stimulus area of the responses to small stimuli. These data demonstrate that neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus are capable of integrating visual stimuli over much larger area than it can be deduced from the classical receptive field." ]

[ "The biological and genetic diversity of Neospora caninum is very limited because of availability of only a few viable isolates worldwide. This study describes the isolation and biological and molecular characterization of a new viable isolate of N. caninum (NC-SP1), from a cattle in Brazil. Approximately 400 g of brain from a naturally infected adult male cattle from an abattoir was fed to a 2-month-old dog. Neospora-like oocysts were observed on day 7 post-inoculation (PI) and the duration of oocyst shedding was 14 days. The DNA obtained from oocysts was characterized molecularly and the final sequence was 99% identical to homologous sequences of N. caninum available in GenBank. For bioassay, gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were orally inoculated with 10 100 and 1000 oocysts; all gerbils remained clinically normal but developed N. caninum antibodies 14 days PI. Cell culture isolation was successful using the brain homogenate from one of the gerbils and tachyzoites were observed 24 days PI. Microsatellite genotyping revealed a unique genetic profile for this new reference isolate." ]

[ "Neosporosis is an infectious disease caused by Neospora caninum, and it primarily affects cattle and dogs. An infection by N.caninum causes fetal abortion and neonatal mortality. Previous proteomics and immunoscreening analyses revealed that N.caninum dense granule antigen 2 (NcGRA2) has potential for serodiagnosis of N.caninum. Consequently, we expressed the truncated NcGRA2 (NcGRA2t), which lacks a signal peptide. We compared the serodiagnostic performances of recombinant NcGRA2t with that of truncated surface antigen 1 of N.caninum (NcSAG1t). Specificity testing using sera from mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii indicated that the NcGRA2t recombinant protein does not cross-react with T.gondii. In addition, we detected anti-NcGRA2t antibody at the acute stage in experimentally infected dogs, while detecting anti-NcSAG1t antibody during both the acute and chronic stages. Our results suggest that the levels of anti-NcGRA2 antibody reflect parasite activation in dogs. In conclusion, antibodies against NcGRA2t and NcSAG1t are suitable indicators to distinguish the acute and chronic stages of N.caninum infection.", "Neospora caninum is a common cause of abortions in cattle and nervous system dysfunctions in dogs. Our analysis shows that NcROP16 and TgROP16 have similar structures and may have similar functions. To our surprise, we found that similar to the T. gondii RH strain, the N. caninum Nc-1 strain could phosphorylate STAT3Y705, but in contrast to T. gondii, N. caninum Nc-1 could not phosphorylate STAT6Y641. We constructed a gene-knockout plasmid and screened NcROP16 strains at the gene, protein and transcription levels. Plaque assays, invasion assays and intracellular proliferation tests indicated that the NcROP16 strain phenotypes had changed, resulting in smaller plaques and slower intracellular growth. A virulence analysis showed that the cerebral loads of the parasite in mice infected with the NcROP16 strain were significantly reduced compared to the loads in mice infected with the Nc-1 strain. In contrast, the overexpression of ROP16 led to the largest number of parasites observed in the mouse brains. Similarly, the overexpression of ROP16 caused the most powerful virulence in mice. In addition, NcROP16 takes part in the STAT3 signaling pathway in different host cells. This occurs by the secretion of NcROP16 into the host cell, where it phosphorylates STAT3, and phosphorylated STAT3 then migrates to the cell nucleus. NcROP16 can enter the host nucleus and continuously phosphorylate STAT3, resulting in the induction of host cell apoptosis. The parasites engineered to over express the NcROP16 induce the increased transcription of apoptotic-related genes, such as Fas, FasL and Bax and enhanced ANA1 cell apoptosis. The results show that NcROP16 is a key virulence factor in N. caninum, promoting the host cell apoptosis and enhancing the pathogenicity of the parasites for the host by phosphorylating STAT3." ]

[ "This article introduces a framework called \"HOPE: Health Outcomes From Positive Experiences.\" The HOPE framework focuses on the need to actively promote positive childhood experiences that contribute to healthy development and well-being, as well as prevent or mitigate the effect of adverse childhood experiences and other negative environmental influences. Key positive childhood experiences fall within 4 broad categories: being in nurturing, supportive relationships; living, developing, playing, and learning in safe, stable, protective, and equitable environments; having opportunities for constructive social engagement and connectedness; and learning social and emotional competencies. The HOPE framework grows out of and complements prior holistic approaches to child health care." ]

[ "Parenting a child with Down syndrome may pose unique challenges for parents' relationship quality. This study used structural equationmodeling with a sample of 351 mothers of children with Down syndrome to test if hope mediated the association between mothers' various coping behaviors and mothers' relationship quality. Hope was defined as a generalized positive state that comes from a personal sense of agency. Results indicated a greater degree of religious coping and internal coping were each significantly associated with more hope, whereas support seeking was not related with more hope. Higher hope was significantly associated with greater relationship quality. Bootstrapped indirect effects from both religious coping and internal coping to hope, and then hope to relationship quality, were identified. Implications for therapists and future research are described.", "The interrelationship between hope, psychological resources and depression needs clarification. The current study aimed to examine the interrelationship using empirical data. A total of 139 Chinese adults living in the community were invited to fill in questionnaires measuring dispositional hope, psychological resources (i.e. optimism, self-efficacy, social support and positive affect) and negative emotion (i.e. negative affect and depression). Structural equation modelling showed that negative emotion is partially mediated between hope and psychological resources. A bootstrap-estimated analysis corrected for bias showed that negative emotion plays a mediation role between hope and psychological resources. Hope is directly and indirectly related to psychological resources via negative emotion. The potential of hope as an intervention to assist patients with depression to achieve their treatment goals is discussed." ]

[ "Color faxes areprinted instead of being saved.To set up HP Digital Fax from the printer software (Windows)1. Open the HP printer software. For more information, see Open the HP printer software(Windows) on page 37.2. Go to the Fax section under the Print, Scan & Fax, and then double-click Digital Fax Setup.3. Follow the on-screen instructions.NOTE: After you set up HP Digital Fax, you can use the printer’s embedded web server (EWS) toedit HP Digital Fax settings." ]

[ "To Contact for HP Printer Support, Call on our Toll-free Number 1-877-910-4204. Equipped with topnotch tech support infrastructure and latest techniques, we deliver best support service for HP printer users.", "If your printer connects to the computer with a USB cable, disconnect the USB cable from the printer. Search Windows for devices and click Devices and Printers in the list of results. Right-click the icon for your printer, and click Remove Device.The computer uninstalls the printer software. Restart the computer. Go to HP Support-Software & Drivers to find and download printer software that matches your model of HP printer.f your printer connects to the computer with a USB cable, disconnect the USB cable from the printer. Search Windows for devices and click Devices and Printers in the list of results. Right-click the icon for your printer, and click Remove Device." ]

[ "Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in various neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), the most widely used neurotoxin mimics the symptoms of PD by inhibiting mitochondrial complex I that stimulates excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and finally leads to mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Lutein, a carotenoid of xanthophyll family, is found abundantly in leafy green vegetables such as spinach, kale and in egg yolk, animal fat and human eye retinal macula. Increasing evidence indicates that lutein has offers benefits against neuronal damages during diabetic retinopathy, ischemia and AD by virtue of its mitochondrial protective, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. Male C57BL/6 mice (23-26 g) were randomized and grouped in to Control, MPTP, and Lutein treated groups. Lutein significantly reversed the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons by increasing the striatal dopamine level in mice. Moreover, lutein-ameliorated MPTP induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and motor abnormalities. In addition, lutein repressed the MPTP-induced neuronal damage/apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of pro-apoptotic markers (Bax, caspases-3, 8 and 9) and enhancing anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-2) expressions" ]

[ "Hyperammonemia associated with overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) causes excitotoxic neuronal death through activation of the cytochrome C (CytC)-mediated mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. We tested the therapeutic effect of nortriptyline (NT), a mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) blocker that can possibly inhibit mitochondrial CytC efflux to the cytosol on in vivo and in vitro OHE models. After ensuring the generation of OHE rats, established by bile duct ligation (BDL), they were intraperitoneally administered either 20 mg/kg NT (i.e., BDL+NT) or another vehicle (i.e., BDL+VEH) for 14 days. Compared with the control, BDL+VEH showed an increment of motor deficits, cell death, synaptic loss, apoptosis, and mitochondria with aberrant morphology in substantia nigra compacta dopaminergic (DA-ergic) neurons. However, the extent was significantly reversed in BDL+NT. Subsequently, we studied the neuroprotective mechanism of NT using PC-12 cells, a DA-ergic cell line, which exposed glutamate used as an excitotoxin. Compared with the control, the cells exposed to 15 mM glutamate (i.e., GLU) showed incremental cell death, apoptosis, and demise in mitochondrial respiration. Importantly, efflux of CytC from mitochondria to cytosol and the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (?Øm), an indicator of mPTP opening, were prominent in GLU. However, compared with the GLU, the cells cotreated with 10 ìM NT (i.e., GLU+NT) showed a significant reduction in the aforementioned phenomenon. Together, we concluded that NT can be used for OHE therapeutics, mitigating the excitotoxic death of substantia nigra compacta DA-ergic neurons via mPTP-associated mitochondrial dysfunction inhibition.", "The aim of the present study was to assess the neuroprotective effects of pinostrobin (PSB), a dietary bioflavonoid, and its underlying mechanisms in neurotoxin-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) models. First, PSB could attenuate 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons and improve behavior deficiency in zebrafish, supporting its potential neuroprotective actions in vivo. Next, PSB could decreased apoptosis and death in the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-intoxicated SH-SY5Y cells, evidenced by MTT, LDH, Annexin V-FITC/PI, and DNA fragmentation assay. PSB also blocked MPP+-induced apoptotic cascades, including loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase 3, and reduced ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. In addition, PSB suppressed MPP+-induced oxidative stress but increased antioxidant enzymes, evidenced by decrease of reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation and up-regulation of GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, GSH/GSSG, and NAD/NADH. Further investigations showed that PSB significantly enhanced Nrf2 expression and nuclear accumulation, improved ARE promoter activity and up-regulated expression of HO-1 and GCLC. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown via specific Nrf2 siRNA abolished PSB-induced antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects against MPP+ insults. Interestingly, we then found that PSB promoted phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT and ERK, and pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/AKT or ERK signaling diminished PSB-induced Nrf2/ARE activation and protective actions. In summary, PSB confers neuroprotection against MPTP/MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in PD models. Promoting activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling contributes to PSB-mediated antioxidative and neuroprotective actions, which, in part, is mediated by PI3K/AKT and ERK." ]

[ "Sample preparation for protein gels is not a complex task. Simply mix the appropriate amount of sample buffer with your sample and load it. For a 2x sample buffer use equal amounts of sample and buffer, for 5x sample buffer use 4 parts of sample and 1 part of buffer (for examle 40µl + 10µl). Heat the mixed samples for 5 minutes at 95°C, cool them immediately on ice and load an appropriate amount of it on the gel. How much is possible really depends on the type of gel you use - 20-30µl should usually be possible.\n\nDo not load too much protein, otherwise you will not be able to seperate them appropriately. I usually use between 20-30µg of total protein per well or as little as 50ng for purified proteins (this depends on the antibodies as well).\n\nHave a look on this webpage for some further information.\n\nFor sample buffers I usually use the following recipes. I prefer the 5x, because I can load more protein, if the preparation is not very good. I also prefer the use of DTT to Mercaptoethanol, as it is much less smelly. If you have no DTT (or prefer mercaptoethanol) it can be replaced by an equal amount (200mM in the 2x, 500mM in the 5x buffer). If you use DTT, you need to make aliquots of the buffer and store it at -20°C, a working aliquot can be kept at 4°C for two weeks or so.\n\n2x sample buffer:\n\n\n4% SDS\n20% glycerol\n100 mM Tris-Cl, pH 6.8\n2 mM EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid)\n200 mM DTT (dithiothreitol)\n0.1 % (w/v) bromphenol blue dye\n\n\n5x sample buffer\n\n\n10% SDS\n50% glycerol\n250 mM Tris-Cl, pH 6.8\n5 mM EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid)\n200 mM DTT (dithiothreitol)\n0.25 % (w/v) bromphenol blue dye" ]

[ "Although this is a homework question, I also think OP deserves a help as orthocresol suggested. I'm not going to go into details but leave it at orthocresol's suggestion of this being a Western Blot of protein analysis, which is absolutely correct. Hence, OP should start reading of electrophoresis and western blots techniques since, I assume, s/he taking molecular biology class.\nIn brief, the given image is a X-ray photograph of the nitrocellulose membrane after transferring the proteins from the SDS-PAGE gel (after electrophoresis). I'm suggesting that because the image looks like visualized by radioactivity (I suggest OP to read about these techniques in details to understand). In SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, the proteins separated mainly by molar mass of each protein while heaviest protein go first since electric current run from top to bottom as sepicted in following diagram:\n\nAs marked in the diagram, SARS-CoV consists of SARS-M ($\\pu{20 kD}$, SARS-N ($\\pu{54 kD}$, and SARS-S (~$\\pu{175 kD}$ proteins. I may give you your answer but I strongly suggest to read about the subject for better understanding. I do not support online courses, but there are no choice you can made during a bad pandemic era.", "Simply adding 4 mL of solution to 100 mg of enzyme is not an accurate way of preparing this solution. I am going to describe what to do from an analytical chemist's point of view. If you don't need this level of precision, you could do this following the same steps without volumetric glassware.\n\nThe first thing you need to do is decide what volume of your 25 mg/mL solution you need. Ideally, you will have a volumetric flask corresponding to this volume. For now, let's go with the 4 mL that you mentioned.\n\nNext you will need to make a stock solution of your buffer. This will include all of the components except for the enzyme:\n\n\nDecide what volume of buffer to make. You will need to make at least enough for your working solution, and again you will want to use a volume for which you have a volumetric flask. Also, you want to be weighing out reasonable amounts of your reagents (because weighing out &lt;10 mg of something can really suck). Let's assume you're making 1 L. You're reagents are cheap anyway and the larger scale will make everything easier.\nCalculate how much $\\ce{TrisHCl}$ and $\\ce{CaCl2}$ you will need to obtain the desired concentrations in 1 L of solvent.\nWeight out the $\\ce{TrisHCl}$ and $\\ce{CaCl2}$ and add it to your volumetric flask.\nAdd 300 mL glycerol to your flask using a graduated cylinder. 30% glycerol probably refers to v/v.\nFill nearly to volume with water. You need everything to be in solution so you can adjust the pH, but you also need to leave some room to work with to do the actual adjustment. I'd shoot for approximately 80% full.\nAdjust the pH by adding concentrated $\\ce{HCl}$ dropwise.\nFill to volume with water and thoroughly mix the solution.\n\n\nNow that you have your buffer solution, you just need to weigh out the appropriate amount of your enzyme and dissolve it in your buffer. From the example above, you would weigh out 100 mg of the enzyme (don't just assume you have 100 mg, even if the bottle says so) and dissolve it in your buffer using a 4 mL vol. flask.*\n\n*\nIf you don't have a 4 mL vol. flask and you actually need all 100 mg of your enzyme in this solution, you will need to mess around with dilutions. Start by by creating a 50 mg/mL (2 mL vol. flask) or 100 mg/mL (1 mL vol. flask) solution." ]

[ "Systemic maternal inflammation and neonatal hyperoxia arrest alveolarization in neonates. The aims were to test whether human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduce lung inflammation and improve lung development in perinatal inflammation- and hyperoxia-induced experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5 mg/kg/day) on Gestational Days 20 and 21. Human MSCs (3×10(5) and 1×10(6) cells) in 0.03 ml normal saline (NS) were administered intratracheally on Postnatal Day 5. Pups were reared in room air (RA) or an oxygen-enriched atmosphere (O2) from Postnatal Days 1 to 14, and six study groups were obtained: LPS+RA+NS, LPS+RA+MSC (3×10(5) cells), LPS+RA+MSC (1×10(6) cells), LPS+O2+NS, LPS+O2+MSC (3×10(5) cells), and LPS+O2+MSC (1×10(6) cells). The lungs were excised for cytokine, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression, and histological analyses on Postnatal Day 14. Body weight was significantly lower in rats reared in hyperoxia than in those reared in RA. The LPS+O2+NS group exhibited a significantly higher mean linear intercept (MLI) and collagen density and a significantly lower vascular density than the LPS+RA+NS group did. Administering MSC to hyperoxia-exposed rats improved MLI and vascular density and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels and collagen density to normoxic levels. This improvement in lung development and fibrosis was accompanied by an increase and decrease in lung VEGF and CTGF expression, respectively" ]

[ "Perinatal nicotine exposure drives the differentiation of alveolar lipofibroblasts (LIFs), which are critical for lung injury repair, to myofibroblasts (MYFs), which are the hallmark of chronic lung disease. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are important players in lung injury repair; however, how these cells are affected with perinatal nicotine exposure and whether these can be preferentially driven to a lipofibroblastic phenotype are not known. We hypothesized that perinatal nicotine exposure would block offspring BMSCs lipogenic differentiation, driving these cells toward a MYF phenotype. Since peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor ã (PPARã) agonists can prevent nicotine-induced MYF differentiation of LIFs, we further hypothesized that the modulation of PPARã expression would inhibit nicotine's myogenic effect on BMSCs. Sprague Dawley dams were perinatally administered nicotine (1 mg/kg bodyweight) with or without the potent PPARã agonist rosiglitazone (RGZ), both administered subcutaneously. At postnatal day 21, BMSCs were isolated and characterized morphologically, molecularly, and functionally for their lipogenic and myogenic potentials. Perinatal nicotine exposure resulted in decreased oil red O staining, triolein uptake, expression of PPARã, and its downstream target gene adipocyte differentiation-related protein by BMSCs, but enhanced á-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin expression, and activated Wnt signaling, all features indicative of their inhibited lipogenic, but enhanced myogenic potential. Importantly, concomitant treatment with RGZ virtually blocked all of these nicotine-induced morphologic, molecular, and functional changes. Based on these data, we conclude that BMSCs can be directionally induced to differentiate into the lipofibroblastic phenotype, and PPARã agonists can effectively block perinatal nicotine-induced MYF transdifferentiation, suggesting a possible molecular therapeutic approach to augment BMSC's lung injury/repair potential.", "Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) came out to attract wide attention and had become one of the hotspots of most diseases' research in decades. But at present, the mechanisms of how MSCs work on chronic asthma remain undefined. Our study aims at verifying whether MSCs play a role in preventing inflammation and airway remodeling via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the chronic asthma rats model. First, an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model was built. MSCs were administered to ovalbumin-induced asthma rats. The total cells in a bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammatory mediators in BALF and serum were measured. Histological examination of lung tissue was performed to estimate the pathological changes. Additionally, the expression of phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) in all groups was measured by western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Compared to normal control group, the degree of airway inflammation and airway remodeling was significantly increased in asthma group. On the contrary, they were obviously inhibited in MSCs transplantation group. Moreover, the expression of p-Akt was increased in lung tissues of asthmatic rats, and suppressed by MSCs transplantation" ]

[ "C-reactive protein (CRP) inhibits the activity of the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) via uncoupling of the enzyme both in vitro and in vivo. eNOS activity appears to be related in part to its interaction with other cellular proteins, including heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), caveolin-1, and porin. In this study, we examined the effect of CRP treatment of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) on eNOS interaction with caveolin-1, Hsp90, and porin. We incubated HAECs with CRP (0, 12.5, and 25 mg/L) for 1, 6, or 24 h and assessed the interaction of these proteins with eNOS by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. CRP treatment (12.5 and 25 mg/L) of HAECs for 24 h significantly increased eNOS binding to caveolin-1 (40% and 54% increase, respectively; P < 0.05) and decreased binding to Hsp90 (33% and 66% decrease, respectively; P < 0.05). CRP (25 mg/L) also significantly decreased the binding of porin to eNOS (11% decrease, P < 0.05). Similar results were seen when HAECs were treated with CRP for 6 h" ]

[ "Both nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) have inducible isoforms that are up-regulated during inflammatory states. However, the interaction between these enzymes is not clearly understood. The objective was to clarify the interactions between NOS and COX in the rat gastric mucosa in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide. Laboratory study. Medical school laboratory. Female Sprague-Dawley rats. We used nonselective and selective COX inhibitors to determine the role of COX on inducible NOS (iNOS) expression in the gastric mucosa. The nonselective COX inhibitors salicylate and indomethacin enhanced the expression of iNOS in the rat gastric mucosa and exacerbated gastric injury in the presence of lipopolysaccharide, effects reversed by exogenous prostaglandin E2. Selective COX-1 inhibition with SC560 similarly increased gastric iNOS expression and exacerbated gastric injury, while the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 had no effect on iNOS expression or gastric injury in the presence of lipopolysaccharide", "Essentials Nitric oxide synthesis controls protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) function. Nitric oxide (NO) modulation of PDI controls endothelial thrombogenicity. S-nitrosylated PDI inhibits platelet function and thrombosis. Nitric oxide maintains vascular quiescence in part through inhibition of PDI. SUMMARY: Background Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) plays an essential role in thrombus formation, and PDI inhibition is being evaluated clinically as a novel anticoagulant strategy. However, little is known about the regulation of PDI in the vasculature. Thiols within the catalytic motif of PDI are essential for its role in thrombosis. These same thiols bind nitric oxide (NO), which is a potent regulator of vessel function. To determine whether regulation of PDI represents a mechanism by which NO controls vascular quiescence, we evaluated the effect of NO on PDI function in endothelial cells and platelets, and thrombus formation in vivo. Aim To assess the effect of S-nitrosylation on the regulation of PDI and other thiol isomerases in the vasculature. Methods and results The role of endogenous NO in PDI activity was evaluated by incubating endothelium with an NO scavenger, which resulted in exposure of free thiols, increased thiol isomerase activity, and enhanced thrombin generation on the cell membrane. Conversely, exposure of endothelium to NO+ carriers or elevation of endogenous NO levels by induction of NO synthesis resulted in S-nitrosylation of PDI and decreased surface thiol reductase activity. S-nitrosylation of platelet PDI inhibited its reductase activity, and S-nitrosylated PDI interfered with platelet aggregation, á-granule release, and thrombin generation on platelets. S-nitrosylated PDI also blocked laser-induced thrombus formation when infused into mice. S-nitrosylated ERp5 and ERp57 were found to have similar inhibitory activity. Conclusions These studies identify NO as a critical regulator of vascular PDI, and show that regulation of PDI function is an important mechanism by which NO maintains vascular quiescence." ]

[ "Similar logic skills are needed by radiologic techs, who must determine the best method of gaining the view needed with the least distress to the patient. Problem-solving skills are a must in order to suggest treatment or resolve the situation.nterpersonal Skills. Whether you choose a career as a radiologist or a radiologic tech, you will be dealing with people. Your patients might be in pain, ill, frightened or stressed. You will need to gain their cooperation if you are to obtain images that are useful for diagnoses." ]

[ "1 As a trained technologist, operate radiology equipment to produce images of the body for diagnostic purposes under direction of a physician. Explain process and position patient for scan; adjusting restriction devices; moving and adjusting equipment to set exposure factors.", "Produces radiographs (x-rays) to aid in the diagnosis of medical problems. Prevents patient from being exposed to unnecessary radiation. Requires an associate's degree from an accredited program and registration as a technologist by the A.R.R.T.Has knowledge of commonly used concepts, practices, and procedures within a particular field. Relies on instructions and pre-established guidelines to perform the functions of the job.roduces radiographs (x-rays) to aid in the diagnosis of medical problems. Prevents patient from being exposed to unnecessary radiation. Requires an associate's degree from an accredited program and registration as a technologist by the A.R.R.T." ]

[ "A method was developed to adjust the posture of a human numerical model to match the pre-impact posture of a human subject. The method involves pulling cables to prescribe the position and orientation of the head, spine and pelvis during a simulation. Six postured models matching the pre-impact posture measured on subjects tested in previous studies were created from a human numerical model. Posture scalars were measured on pre- and after applying the method to evaluate its efficiency. The lateral leaning angle L defined between T1 and the pelvis in the coronal plane was found to be significantly improved after application with an average difference of 0.10.1 with the PMHS (4.62.7 before application). This method will be applied in further studies to analyze independently the contribution of pre-impact posture on impact response using human numerical models." ]

[ "Sensors can be installed on various body parts to provide information for computer diagnosis to identify the current body state. However, as human posture is subject to gravity, the direction of the force on each limb differs. For example, the directions of gravitational force on legs and trunk differ. In addition, each person's height and structure of limbs differs, hence, the acceleration and rotation resulted from such differences on force and length of the limbs of a person in motion would be different, and be presented by cases of different postures. Thus, how to present body postures through skeleton system equations, and achieve an long-term physical rehabilitation, according to the different limb characteristics of each person, is a challenging research issue. This paper proposes a novel scheme named as \"Intelligent Body Posture Analysis Model\", which uses multiple acceleration sensors and gyroscopes to detect body motion patterns. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is proved by conducting a large number of practical experiments and tests.", "This article presents a method to predict and assess the interaction between a human body and a spring mattress. A three-layer artificial neural network model was developed to simulate and predict an indentation curve of human spine, characterized with the depth of lumbar lordosis and four inclination angles: cervicothoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbosacral and the back-hip (). By comparing the spinal indentation curves described by the optimal evaluation parameters (depth of lumbar lordosis, cervicothoracic, thoracolumbar and lumbosacral), a better design of five-zone spring mattresses was obtained for individuals to have an effective support to the main part of the body. Using such approach, an operating process was further introduced, in which appropriate stiffness proportions were proposed to design mattress for the normal body types of Chinese young women. Finally, case studies were undertaken, which show that the method developed is feasible and practical." ]

[ "SAN FRANCISCO (Fortune) -- As the largest shareholder of Wells Fargo through Berkshire Hathaway (BRKB), Warren Buffett knows the San Francisco bank deeply. He first invested before Wells Fargo was bought by Norwest, where current Wells Chairman Dick Kovacevich was CEO." ]

[ "Wells Fargo is one of the . Big Four Banks of the United States, along with JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, and Citigroup —its main competitors. The company operates across 35 countries and has over 70 million customers globally.", "Starting with its size and its reach. Wells Fargo’s $272 billion market capitalization makes it the largest bank in the United States, and second in the world behind the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. With branches in all but 11 states, Wells Fargo is one of America’s few truly national banking chains." ]

[ "In the medical world, the definition of foraminal is often given in reference to the foraminal canals, the narrow passageways that extend off the right and left side of each vertebra in the spine, allowing nerve roots to exit the spinal canal and travel throughout the body." ]

[ "Our foraminotomy procedure is a minimally invasive decompression surgery that relieves the pain associated with foraminal stenosis. Your spine is made up of vertebrae stacked on top of each other. There are discs in between each vertebra to allow the spine to move freely without affecting the surrounding nerves.", "Foraminotomy — minimally invasive spine surgery for foraminal stenosis. Advantages of Laser Spine Institute's minimally invasive spine surgery: Our minimally invasive foraminotomy procedure is used to relieve pain associated with a compressed nerve in the spine. Nerves in the spine can become compressed for several reasons." ]

[ "These symptoms-and more-may indicate that the Pancreas, a critical organ involved in the digestion and distribution of food to the cells in your body, is not able to do its job. The Pancreas is a small organ located just below the stomach.It has many important functions such as delivering hormones, insulin, and glucagon into the blood. It also secretes sodium bicarbonate and enzymes, which aid in the process of digestion.utrients that help maintain a healthy Pancreas include: Chinese Licorice; Dandelion Root, Eleuthero; Ginger Root; Saw Palmetto berries; Oregon Grape Root; Osha; Wild Yam Root; and Yellow Dock Root. It is better to look for these nutrients in properly balanced combinations of ingredients." ]

[ "Pancreatitis is inflammation in the pancreas. The pancreas is a long, flat gland that sits tucked behind the stomach in the upper abdomen. The pancreas produces enzymes that assist digestion and hormones that help regulate the way your body processes sugar (glucose).he pancreas is a long, flat gland that sits tucked behind the stomach in the upper abdomen. The pancreas produces enzymes that assist digestion and hormones that help regulate the way your body processes sugar (glucose).", "10 Foods for Your Pancreas. 10 Foods for Your Pancreas. Effective pancreatic function is vital to the human digestive process. This spongy organ occupies the abdominal cavity behind the stomach and performs a wide range of functions that facilitate digestion. Firstly, it produces enzymes that neutralize the effect of stomach acid to prevent damage to the intestines." ]

[ "All women have vaginal discharge or secretions which help to keep the vulva and vagina moist and remove bacteria and dead cells. If your vulva feels irritated, however, it is important to seek advice from your doctor as to what might be causing the irritation.", "Pruritus vulvae means itching of the vulva. The vulva is the area of skin just outside the vagina. Most women experience a slight vulval itch now and again. However, pruritus vulvae means the itch is persistent, and causes distress. The itch may be particularly bad at night and may disturb your sleep." ]

[ "Other vaginal bumps include sebaceous cysts (sweat gland cysts) and molluscum contagiosum (caused by the pox virus). If you are not sure what is causing your bump, visit your gynecologist. Most of these conditions are easily treated and some will go away on their own.", "If itching is accompanied by other breast symptoms, see a doctor. Benign Causes of Itchy Breasts. The most common cause of itchy breasts is a dermatologic reaction to something your skin has been exposed to recently. Common culprits include new clothes, washing detergents, perfumes, lotions, shampoos and dry skin." ]

[ "as the show's opening theme. Beginning with the show's third season, this was replaced by a slowed-down vocal theme titled \"\"Eight Is Enough,\"\" which was sung by series co-star Grant Goodeve. The song had music by Lee Holdridge and lyrics by Molly-Ann Leikin, and was first heard in a longer arrangement on the last episode of the second season titled \"\"Who's on First?\"\", which was also performed by Goodeve. Early episodes had instrumental music by Fred Werner and Alexander Courage, but the show's real musical stamp came from composer Earle Hagen, who had a knack of composing memorable cues as" ]

[ "1994 to 1997, on PAX in 1998, and as part of a 50th-anniversary Warner Bros. marathon on TV Land in 2005. \"\"Eight Is Enough\"\" also aired on the Chicago-based MeTV and MeToo, a sister station of MeTV, from 2008 to 2010 before MeTV spread to other markets around the U.S. During its network run, the show was distributed by Worldvision Enterprises (also internationally in rebroadcasts), and later by Lorimar-Telepictures. All syndication rights are now held by (Lorimar successor) Warner Bros. Television. In Italy, RAI public networks aired the first season of \"\"Eight Is Enough\"\" under the title \"\"Otto Bastano\"\" in", "High Enough \"\"High Enough\"\" is a song by American supergroup Damn Yankees from their self titled debut album. It is their most successful single in terms of chart position and sales, rising to No. 3 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, the group's first (and only) top-ten pop single. It also reached No. 2 on the US Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The success of \"\"High Enough\"\" helped send its parent album into the Top 20 on the US albums chart. According to songwriter and co-lead vocalist Jack Blades: The music video was filmed on location in River Ridge, Louisiana" ]

[ "INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Seeing or feeling a vaginal bulge is the most specific symptom for identifying prolapse. Bulge symptoms are becoming increasingly important as a surgical outcome measure. Our objectives were to identify patient characteristics associated with the symptom of a vaginal bulge and to determine whether those characteristics impact the relationship between symptoms and anatomic prolapse.METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of new urogynecology patients was performed. Standardized history and examination forms were used. Patient characteristics associated with vaginal bulge at p ?0.10 were entered in logistic regression models. Interactions between patient characteristics and prolapse were tested to determine whether patient factors modified the association between anatomic prolapse and symptoms.RESULTS: We evaluated 685 patients with mean age of 58.5years. Patients reporting a vaginal bulge were slightly older, more likely postmenopausal, and had greater parity and body mass index (BMI). They were more likely to report prior prolapse surgery (p <0.05) and more often previously underwent hysterectomy (p = 0.10). In multivariable analysis, prolapse, age group, and vaginal parity were associated with the bulge symptom. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) was 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.90], suggesting good predictive value of maximum vaginal descent for a vaginal bulge symptom. The AUC for the youngest women was lower than for middle and older age groups (p < 0.01). The optimal cutoff for defining prolapse associated with a vaginal bulge symptom was the hymen.CONCLUSIONS: Age and vaginal parity were independently associated with the vaginal bulge symptom. The level of vaginal descent did not predict a bulge symptom as accurately in younger patients." ]

[ "UNLABELLED: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal bacterial imbalance associated with risk for HIV and poor gynecologic and obstetric outcomes. Male circumcision reduces BV-associated bacteria on the penis and decreases BV in female partners, but the link between penile microbiota and female partner BV is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that having a female partner with BV increases BV-associated bacteria in uncircumcised men. We characterized penile microbiota composition and density (i.e., the quantity of bacteria per swab) by broad-coverage 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 165 uncircumcised men from Rakai, Uganda. Associations between penile community state types (CSTs) and female partner's Nugent score were assessed. We found seven distinct penile CSTs of increasing density (CST1 to 7). CST1 to 3 and CST4 to 7 were the two major CST groups. CST4 to 7 had higher prevalence and abundance of BV-associated bacteria, such as Mobiluncus and Dialister, than CST1 to 3. Men with CST4 to 7 were significantly more likely to have a female partner with a high Nugent score (P = 0.03). Men with two or more extramarital partners were significantly more likely to have CST4 to 7 than men with only marital partners (CST4 to 7 prevalence ratio, 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 2.92). Female partner Nugent BV is significantly associated with penile microbiota. Our data support the exchange of BV-associated bacteria through intercourse, which may explain BV recurrence and persistence.IMPORTANCE: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is sexually associated but not considered a sexually transmitted disease. Our findings suggest that the uncircumcised penis is an important niche for BV-associated genital anaerobes. In addition, we found a link between extramarital sexual relationships and BV-associated bacteria in men, which parallels earlier findings of the association between sexual activity and BV in women. This suggests the sexual transmissibility of BV-associated bacteria. Reducing bacterial exchange by barrier methods and managing carriage of BV-associated bacteria in men may decrease BV persistence and recurrence in women.", "Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the leading cause of vaginal discharge and is associated with the facultative Gram-variable bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis, whose population structure consists of four clades. Our goal was to determine if these clades differ with regard to abundance during BV. We performed a short-term longitudinal study of BV. Patients were evaluated according to the Amsel criteria and Nugent scoring at initial diagnosis, immediately after treatment and at a 40- to 45-day follow-up visit. G. vaginalis clade abundance was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qPCRs). Among all specimens, the abundance of clades 1 and 4 were higher than that of clades 2 and 3 (P < 0.001). In general, the abundance of each clade increased with the degree of vaginal dysbiosis, as determined by the Nugent score and was greater in women with Amsel 4 compared with those with Amsel 0. Only clade 1 abundance was greater when Amsel 0 or 1 specimens were compared with Amsel 2 or 3 specimens (P < 0.01). Following antimicrobial treatment, abundance of clades 1 (P < 0.001) and 4 (P < 0.05) decreased regardless of the clinical and microbiological outcome, whereas clade 2 only decreased in women who had a sustained treatment response for 40-45days (P < 0.01). Recurrent BV was characterized by post-treatment increases of clade 1 and 2 (P < 0.01). Clades 1 and 4 predominate in vaginal specimens. Clade abundance differs with regard to the Nugent score, the Amsel criteria, and response to therapy and BV recurrence." ]

[ "Is Jada Pinkett Smith Leaving Gotham? Gotham may be without one of its major players in Season 2. Jada Pinkett Smith, who plays the flamboyant mob boss Fish Mooney, said on Friday's Live with Kelly and Michael that she's not sure she will return to the Fox drama for its previously ordered second season." ]

[ "Jada Pinkett Smith takes her dog out for a walk before heading to the set of her upcoming comedy Girl Trips on Wednesday (July 27) in New Orleans, La. The day before, the 44-year-old actress and her fellow Bad Moms castmates spilled details about some of their more challenging parenting moments.", "Pilot Season. Gotham. Touch's David Mazouz will play the Batman-to-be in the drama from The Mentalist's Bruno Heller, while newcomer Camren Bicondova will portray a young Selina Kyle. Fox has found its young Bruce Wayne (and eventual Batman) and Selina Kyle (aka Catwoman) for its Batman prequel, Gotham." ]

[ "The discovery of discontiguous tRNA genes triggered studies dissecting the process of tRNA splicing. As a result, we have gained detailed mechanistic knowledge on enzymatic removal of tRNA introns catalyzed by endonuclease and ligase proteins. In addition to the elucidation of tRNA processing, these studies facilitated the discovery of additional functions of RNA ligases such as RNA repair and non-conventional mRNA splicing events. Recently, the identification of a new type of RNA ligases in bacteria, archaea, and humans closed a long-standing gap in the field of tRNA processing. This review summarizes past and recent findings in the field of tRNA splicing with a focus on RNA ligation as it preferentially occurs in archaea and humans. In addition to providing an integrated view of the types and phyletic distribution of RNA ligase proteins known to date, this survey also aims at highlighting known and potential accessory biological functions of RNA ligases. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00018-012-0944-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users." ]

[ "RNase L is an ankyrin repeat domain containing dual endoribonuclease-pseudokinase that is activated by unusual 2′,5′-oligoadenylate (2-5A) second messengers and which impedes viral infections in higher vertebrates. Despite its importance in interferon regulated antiviral innate immunity, relatively little is known about its precise mechanism of action. Here, we present a functional characterization of 2.5 Å and 3.25 Å X-ray crystal and small angle x-ray scattering structures of RNase L bound to a natural 2-5A activator with and without ADP or the non-hydrolysable ATP mimetic AMP-PNP. These studies reveal how recognition of 2-5A through interactions with the ankyrin repeat domain and the pseudokinase domain together with nucleotide binding, impose a rigid intertwined dimer configuration that is essential for RNase catalytic and anti-viral functions. The involvement of the pseudokinase domain of RNase L in 2-5A sensing, nucleotide binding, dimerization, and ribonuclease functions highlights the evolutionary adaptability of the eukaryotic protein kinase fold.", "Abstract RNA molecules are functionally diverse in part due to their extreme structural flexibility that allows rapid regulation by refolding. RNA folding could be a difficult process as often molecules adopt a spatial conformation that is very stable but not biologically functional, named a kinetic trap. RNA chaperones are non-specific RNA binding proteins that help RNA folding by resolving misfolded structures or preventing their formation. There is a large number of viruses whose genome is RNA that allows some evolutionary advantages, such as rapid genome mutation. On the other hand, regions of the viral RNA genomes can adopt different structural conformations, some of them lacking functional relevance and acting as misfolded intermediates. In fact, for an efficient replication, they often require RNA chaperone activities. There is a growing list of RNA chaperones encoded by viruses involved in different steps of the viral cycle. Also, cellular RNA chaperones have been involved in replication of RNA viruses. This review briefly describes RNA chaperone activities and is focused in the roles that viral or cellular nucleic acid chaperones have in RNA virus replication, particularly in those viruses that require discontinuous RNA synthesis." ]

[ "HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment frequently accumulate fat at the abdominal level. It is unknown whether T-cell activation and immune phenotypes are associated with fat accumulation. Thus, the aim of the study was to search for an association between the presence of clinical lipodystrophy (LD), visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue amount (VAT and SAT), and peripheral T-cell immune phenotypes. Cross-sectional study including 87 HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-treated virologically suppressed and immune-reconstituted patients. The patients were evaluated for clinical LD, VAT, SAT, homeostasis model of insulin resistance, and coronary artery calcium score (>10). T-cell activation (CD8/CD38), differentiation (CD4/CD8/CCR7/CD45RA), and expression/activation of the interleukin-7 (IL-7)/IL-7R system (CD4/CD8/CD127, IL-7, and CD4/CD8/pStat-5) were assessed by cytometry. In multivariable analyses, CD8 T-cell activation (CD38) was associated with lipoatrophy and central fat accumulation (respectively, β = 5.63, P = 0.005, and β = 4.19, P = 0.020). This was also the case for IL-7R expressing CD8⁺ T cells (CD127⁺) for lipoatrophy β = 12.8, P = 0.003, and for central fat accumulation β = 9.45, P = 0.016. CD8⁺ T-cell activation was also associated with VAT/total adipose tissue (β = 0.01, P = 0.002) and SAT/VAT ratios (β = -0.014, P = 0.015). As expected, VAT/total adipose tissue was an independent risk factor for homeostasis model of insulin resistance (r = 0.364, P = 0.028) and cardiovascular risk (coronary artery calcium, r = 0.406, P = 0.002)" ]

[ "HIV infection results in excessive T cell activation and dysfunction which may persist even during effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). The dynamics of immune 'deactivation' and extent to which T cell memory subsets normalize after ART are unclear. We longitudinally assessed the influence of 1 year of ART on the phenotype of T cells in HIV-infected African women, relative to matched HIV-uninfected women, using activation (CD38, HLA-DR) and differentiation markers (CD27, CD45RO). ART induced a substantial reduction in T cell activation, but remained higher than HIV-uninfected controls. ART largely normalized the distribution of CD4+ T cell memory subsets, while the distribution of CD8+ T cell memory subsets remained significantly skewed compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. Thus, there was a considerable but only partial reversal of T cell defects upon ART. Understanding T cell impairment may provide important insights into mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis in the era of ART.", "Successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses plasma HIV-1 RNA below detection limits, reducing the chronic insult to the immune systems of infected individuals and supporting a degree of immunological recovery. However, the surface phenotypic profile of T cells in ART-treated patients does not resemble that of healthy, uninfected individuals, but rather shows upregulation of proteins associated with an exhausted immune system. We sought to address whether aviraemic HIV-1 infection, therefore, contributed to long-term alterations in intracellular signalling events within the T cells of infected individuals that contributed to the exhausted phenotype. A flow cytometric approach was employed to assess levels of phosphorylation within T-cell signalling proteins in ART-treated HIV-1-positive patients and HIV-negative individuals. The relative phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), p38, zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70), linker of activated T cells, SLP76, nuclear factor kappaB were measured within resting and stimulated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from aviraemic HIV-1-positive and healthy individuals by intracellular staining and flow cytometric analysis" ]

[ "There is a man with an animal standing on an old street." ]

[ "The man and his mule are racing against the horses." ]

[ "To determine whether an elevated amniotic fluid concentration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is associated with intra-amniotic inflammation/infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. The retrospective cohort study included 132 patients who had singleton pregnancies with preterm labor (< 35 weeks of gestation) and intact membranes. Amniotic fluid was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as for genital mycoplasmas. Intra-amniotic inflammation was defined by an elevated amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) concentration (>23 ng/mL). PGF2α was measured with a sensitive and specific immunoassay. The amniotic fluid PGF2α concentration was considered elevated when it was above the 95th percentile among pregnant women at 15-36 weeks of gestation who were not in labor (≥170 pg/mL). (1) The prevalence of an elevated amniotic fluid PGF2α concentration was 40.2% (53/132) in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes; (2) patients with an elevated amniotic fluid PGF2α concentration had a significantly higher rate of positive amniotic fluid culture [19% (10/53) versus 5% (4/79); p = 0.019], intra-amniotic inflammation/infection [49% (26/53) versus 20% (16/79); p = 0.001], spontaneous preterm delivery, clinical and histologic chorioamnionitis, and funisitis, as well as a higher median amniotic fluid MMP-8 concentration and amniotic fluid white blood cell count and a shorter amniocentesis-to-delivery interval than those without an elevated concentration of amniotic fluid PGF2α (p < 0.05 for each); and (3) an elevated amniotic fluid PGF2α concentration was associated with a shorter amniocentesis-to-delivery interval after adjustment for the presence of intra-amniotic inflammation/infection [hazard ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-3.1; p = 0.001" ]

[ "Perinatal infection increases the risk of neonatal neurologic injury. Our objective is to determine whether histologically confirmed chorioamnionitis and funisitis is associated with fetal metabolic acidosis. This is a retrospective cohort study of all infants 34 weeks or less born at a single tertiary hospital admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between April 1999 and September 2002. Maternal and neonatal records and placental pathology reports were reviewed. There were 392 infants at 23 to 34 weeks' gestational age admitted to the NICU during this period of whom 354 had placental pathology reported; 259 infants had umbilical cord gases available. These neonates were placed into 3 groups: group 1 (208 infants) had no signs of placental infection, group 2 (59 infants) had isolated chorioamnionitis, and group 3 (87 infants) had both chorioamnionitis and funisitis. The gestational age (30.2 +/- 2.8, 28.3 +/- 3.4, 27.8 +/- 2.8 weeks, P<.01) and birth weight (1358 +/- 520, 1242 +/- 547, 1103 +/- 381 g, P<.01) were significantly higher in group 1. There was an increase in neurologic morbidity in groups 2 and 3 (25.2%, 34.4%, 43.7%), which was not significant when corrected for gestational age. Groups 2 and 3 had a small but significant increase in umbilical arterial pH (7.25 +/- 0.10, 7.29 +/- 0.10, 7.30 +/- 0.08, P<.01) and base excess (-3.5 +/- 3.6, -2.2 +/- 3.6, -2.3 +/- 2.7 mmol/L, P = .02). When a single pathologist reviewed all placentas with any inflammation and staged them on the basis of the degree of the fetal inflammatory response, no relationship was found between the degree of fetal inflammation and umbilical arterial pH (stage 1, 7.27 +/- 0.09; stage 2, 7.30 +/- 0.09; stage 3, 7.30 +/- 0.08; P = .41) or base excess (stage 1, -2.82 +/- 3.47 mmol/L; stage 2, -1.95 +/- 3.17 mmol/L; stage 3, -2.23 +/- 3.07 mmol/L; P = .62). When stepwise multiple linear regression was performed, neither histologic chorioamnionitis nor histologic funisitis were associated with a change in umbilical cord pH or base excess", "Increased amniotic fluid tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a marker of infection when associated with preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the amniochorionic membranes (PROM). We have noted increased apoptosis in membranes derived from women with PROM. This study examines the role of TNF in promoting fetal membrane apoptosis. Amniochorion (n = 8), collected at the time of elective repeat cesarean section prior to labor from normal term gestation, were placed in an organ explant system. After 48 h in culture, the membranes were stimulated with recombinant TNF-alpha (20 ng/mL) for 24 h. Tissue frozen after stimulation was subjected to RT-PCR to study the expression of TNF-induced caspase genes. ELISA assayed the levels of proapoptotic p53 in tissues and cell death related nuclear matrix protein (NMP) in tissue culture supernatants. The activity of caspases in tissue homogenates was measured using substrates specific for caspase 2, 3, 6, 8, and 9. Results were analyzed by using the Wilcoxon nonparametric test for paired samples. A p < 0.05 was considered significant" ]

[ "Migraine preventive medications are used to reduce the frequency, severity, and disability of migraine attacks. Once migraine preventive therapy is initiated, the question of how long to maintain this therapy arises. This article will explore the literature pertaining to the long-term use of migraine preventive medications, including length of treatment and safety with long-term exposure." ]

[ "Recent clinical experiences and clinical trials have demonstrated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS; gammaCore) for the acute and prophylactic treatment of migraine. nVNS has a favorable adverse event profile, making it an attractive option for sensitive patient populations. We explored the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of nVNS as acute migraine treatment in adolescents. A group of adolescent patients suffering from migraine without aura were trained to use gammaCore to manage their migraine attacks. 46.8% of the treated migraine attacks (22/47) were considered successfully treated and did not require any rescue medication. No device-related adverse events were recorded. This preliminary study suggests that nVNS may represent a safe, well-tolerated, and effective for acute migraine treatment in adolescents.", "Epilepsy and migraine often occur concomitantly in the same patient. The cause may be found in the similar genetic and pathophysiological background of the two diseases that is manifested by an excessive tendency towards neuronal hyperexcitation. Migraine concomitant with epilepsy increases the risk of the patient developing drug-resistant epilepsy, depression and anxiety disorders, as well as significantly decreases his quality of life. Therefore, in such patients, it is important to introduce effective and safe antimigraine treatment. In prophylactic migraine therapy such agents are recommended as certain anti-epileptic medications, calcium channel blockers, -blockers, antidepressants and antihypertensives, while in interim treatment, triptans, analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications are employed. The therapy should be individualized to meet the patient's needs and also be based on the analysis of drug interactions, profile of adverse effects of the medications and concomitant diseases." ]

[ "Despite a significant drop in malaria deaths during the past decade, malaria continues to be one of the biggest health problems around the globe. WD40 repeats (WDRs) containing proteins comprise one of the largest and functionally diverse protein superfamily in eukaryotes, acting as scaffolds for assembling large protein complexes. In the present study, we report an extensive in silico analysis of the WDR gene family in human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Our genome-wide identification has revealed 80 putative WDR genes in P. falciparum (PfWDRs). Five distinct domain compositions were discovered in Plasmodium as compared to the human host. Notably, 31 PfWDRs were annotated/re-annotated on the basis of their orthologs in other species. Interestingly, most PfWDRs were larger as compared to their human homologs highlighting the presence of parasite-specific insertions. Fifteen PfWDRs appeared specific to the Plasmodium with no assigned orthologs. Expression profiling of PfWDRs revealed a mixture of linear and nonlinear relationships between transcriptome and proteome, and only nine PfWDRs were found to be stage-specific. Homology modeling identified conservation of major binding sites in PfCAF-1 and PfRACK. Protein-protein interaction network analyses suggested that PfWDRs are highly connected proteins with ~1928 potential interactions, supporting their role as hubs in cellular networks. The present study highlights the roles and relevance of the WDR family in P. falciparum, and identifies unique features that lay a foundation for further experimental dissection of PfWDRs." ]

[ "Myzozoans (which include dinoflagellates, chromerids and apicomplexans) display notable divergence from their ciliate sister group, including a reduced mitochondrial genome and divergent metabolic processes. The factors contributing to these divergent processes are still poorly understood and could serve as potential drug targets in disease-causing protists. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a small mitochondrial protein from the rodent-infecting apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium berghei that is essential for development in its mosquito host. Parasites lacking the gene mitochondrial protein ookinete developmental defect (mpodd) showed malformed parasites that were unable to transmit to mosquitoes. Knockout parasites displayed reduced mitochondrial mass without affecting organelle integrity, indicating no role of the protein in mitochondrial biogenesis or morphology maintenance but a likely role in mitochondrial import or metabolism. Using genetic complementation experiments, we identified a previously unrecognized Plasmodium falciparum homologue that can rescue the mpodd(-) phenotype, thereby showing that the gene is functionally conserved. As far as can be detected, mpodd is found in myzozoans, has homologues in the phylum Apicomplexa and appears to have arisen in free-living dinoflagellates. This suggests that the MPODD protein has a conserved mitochondrial role that is important for myzozoans. While previous studies identified a number of essential proteins which are generally highly conserved evolutionarily, our study identifies, for the first time, a non-canonical protein fulfilling a crucial function in the mitochondrion during parasite transmission.", "Malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.) contain a nonphotosynthetic plastid organelle called the apicoplast, which houses essential metabolic pathways and is required throughout the parasite life cycle. The biogenesis pathways responsible for apicoplast growth, division, and inheritance are of key interest as potential drug targets. Unfortunately, several known apicoplast biogenesis inhibitors are of limited clinical utility because they cause a peculiar \"delayed-death\" phenotype in which parasites do not stop replicating until the second lytic cycle posttreatment. Identifying apicoplast biogenesis pathways that avoid the delayed-death phenomenon is a priority. Here, we generated parasites targeting a murine dihydrofolate reductase (mDHFR) domain, which can be conditionally stabilized with the compound WR99210, to the apicoplast. Surprisingly, chemical stabilization of this exogenous fusion protein disrupted parasite growth in an apicoplast-specific manner after a single lytic cycle. WR99210-treated parasites exhibited an apicoplast biogenesis defect beginning within the same lytic cycle as drug treatment, indicating that stabilized mDHFR perturbs a non-delayed-death biogenesis pathway. While the precise mechanism-of-action of the stabilized fusion is still unclear, we hypothesize that it inhibits apicoplast protein import by stalling within and blocking translocons in the apicoplast membranes.IMPORTANCE Malaria is a major cause of global childhood mortality. To sustain progress in disease control made in the last decade, new antimalarial therapies are needed to combat emerging drug resistance. Malaria parasites contain a relict chloroplast called the apicoplast, which harbors new targets for drug discovery. Unfortunately, some drugs targeting apicoplast pathways exhibit a delayed-death phenotype, which results in a slow onset-of-action that precludes their use as fast-acting, frontline therapies. Identification of druggable apicoplast biogenesis factors that will avoid the delayed-death phenotype is an important priority. Here, we find that chemical stabilization of an apicoplast-targeted mDHFR domain disrupts apicoplast biogenesis and inhibits parasite growth after a single lytic cycle, suggesting a non-delayed-death target. Our finding indicates that further interrogation of the mechanism-of-action of this exogenous fusion protein may reveal novel therapeutic avenues." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has been increasingly employed for the treatment of elderly patients with brain metastases, mainly due to its demonstrated effectiveness and low complication rate. However, only a few studies have investigated the prognostic factors that influence the survival of elderly patients after GKRS. The purpose of this study was to identify a scoring system that is able to predict the survival of elderly patients undergoing GKRS using data obtained at the time of diagnosis for brain metastases.METHODS: Between 2004 and 2011, death was confirmed in 147 patients aged 70years and older who had been treated with GKRS for brain metastases. Median age at the time of GKRS was 75.7years (range, 70-86 years). The median tumor volume was 5.1cm(3) (range, 0.05-59.9cm(3)). The median marginal prescription dose was 21.4Gy (range, 14-25Gy).RESULTS: The median survival was 167days. Overall survival rates at 6months and 1year were 60.4% and 29.4%, respectively. Among the patient characteristics pertaining to systemic cancer and brain metastasis for which data were obtained preoperatively, a multivariate analysis showed that low Karnofsky performance status (KPS ? 80, P = 0.047) and the presence of extracranial metastases (P = 0.014) detected at the time of brain metastasis diagnosis were independent prognostic factors for short survival. A high score index for radiosurgery (SIR score ? 4, P = 0.024) and a high graded prognostic assessment (GPA score ? 2, P = 0.004) were associated with longer survival. A multivariate analysis of the important characteristics of systemic cancer, and the scoring system evaluating survival duration showed that a low GPA score was the most powerful independent factor for predicting short survival (hazard ratio 1.756, 95% confidence interval 1.252-2.456, P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: GKRS is a safe approach to treat brain metastases in patients age 70years and older. In this group, our study identified GPA score at the time of GKRS as a powerful prognostic factor for survival." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) can be used for precise targeting of malignant lesions of the CNS when brachytherapy is not an appropriate option.OBJECTIVES: This study reports treatment technique, efficacy, and radiation-induced adverse effects in patients with primary and metastatic ocular lesions treated with Leksell GKR.METHODS: A retrospective, single-institution review was conducted of 28 patients with primary or metastatic ocular disease, treated from 2000 to 2014. The dose to margin was 17-27 Gy (maximum dose 28-54 Gy). Primary outcomes included overall survival (OS), local control, progression-free survival (PFS), and enucleation.RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 70 years, and the median follow-up was 26.4 months. Of the 28 patients, 11 (39%) had metastatic ocular disease, and 17 (61%) were diagnosed with primary ocular melanoma (stage T2a-T4e). The average maximum dose and dose to margin were 41 and 21 Gy, respectively. The mean dose to the optic nerve was 12.6 Gy. The 5-year OS was 46% (95% CI: 23.6-68.4%) for the entire cohort; the 5-year PFS for M0 patients who presented with primary ocular melanoma lesions was 90% (95% CI: 71-100%). Only 1 patient required enucleation after radiation treatment.CONCLUSION: GKR is an effective option, with acceptable levels of toxicity, in the treatment of primary and metastatic ocular lesions.", "OBJECTIVES: The median survival in glioblastoma (GBM) patients used to be less than 1year. Surgical removal of the tumor with subsequent concomitant radiation/temozolomide (the Stupp regimen) has been shown to prolong survival. The Stupp protocol was implemented in the county of J?nk?ping in 2006. The purpose of this study was to examine if the Stupp treatment has prolonged overall survival, in an unselected patient cohort with histologically verified GBM.MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study includes all patients from the county of J?nk?ping, with a diagnosis of GBM from January 2001 to December 2012. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts, 2001-2005 and 2006-2012, that is before and after implementation of the Stupp regimen. By reviewing the medical case notes, the dates of the histological diagnosis and of death were identified. The median and mean overall survival and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were calculated and compared between the 2 cohorts.RESULTS: The mean survival was 110days longer in the cohort treated according to the Stupp regimen. Four patients in the 2006-2012 cohort and 1 patient in the 2001-2005 cohort are still alive. When comparing survival in patients with radical surgery vs biopsy, those that underwent radical surgery survived longer. The significance was slightly greater in the 2001-2005 cohort (mean 163 vs 344days, P<.001) than in the 2006-2012 cohort (mean 220 vs 397days, P=.02).CONCLUSION: Survival significantly improved after the implementation of the Stupp regimen in the study region of Sweden." ]

[ "We have previously shown that chylomicron (CM)-bound lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibits the host innate immune response by rendering hepatocytes tolerant to pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation. However, LPS is a complex macromolecule containing both lipid and carbohydrate domains. We hypothesized that just as lipid A confers the toxicity of LPS, it is also responsible for the immunoregulatory effect on hepatocytes. We pretreated primary rat hepatocytes for 2 h with a series of CM-LPS complexes in which the endotoxin moiety varied in its structure and/or toxicity. Subsequently, the cells were stimulated with a mixture of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nitric oxide production was measured as an indicator of hepatocellular activation. All pretreatments wherein the CM-bound complex contained the lipid A moiety readily inhibited the hepatocellular cytokine response, including CM bound to lipid A alone. In contrast, CM-LPS complexes containing detoxified LPS, which lacks the lipid A domain, had no effect on the hepatocellular response to cytokines" ]

[ "Pretreatment of rodent hepatocytes with chylomicron-bound lipopolysaccharide (CM-LPS) renders these cells unresponsive to subsequent stimulation by proinflammatory cytokines. We sought to test the selectivity of this response. Cellular responses to hypoxia, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and heat-shock response, and thermotolerance induced in CM-LPS pretreated hepatocytes were compared with responses in non-pretreated cells. CM-LPS inhibited the hepatocellular response to proinflammatory cytokines without affecting the response to the other cellular stressors. It did not affect the response to oxidative stress, as measured by mitochondrial activity after hydrogen peroxide was added, or protein induction before or after stimulation with cobalt chloride. Also, induction of heat shock proteins did not differ between the CM-LPS pretreated cells and non-pretreated cells. CM-LPS did not interfere with the adoption of the thermotolerant phenotype, as shown by similar mitochondrial activity between pretreated and non-pretreated cells. Although stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and actinomycin D increased activity of the apoptotic enzymes, there were no differences between cells pretreated with CM-LPS and non-pretreated hepatocytes", "Mounting evidence has indicated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is implicated in neuroimmunological responses, but the body's response to subclinical doses of bacterial endotoxin remains poorly understood. The influence of a low single dose of LPS from Salmonella Enteritidis, which does not result in any clinical symptoms of intoxication (subclinical lipopolysaccharide), on selected cells and signal molecules of the neuroimmune system was tested. Five juvenile crossbred female pigs were intravenously injected with LPS from S. Enteritidis (5 ìg/kg body weight (b.w.)), while five pigs from the control group received sodium chloride in the same way. Our data demonstrated that subclinical LPS from S. Enteritidis increased levels of dopamine in the brain and neuropeptides such as substance P (SP), galanin (GAL), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and active intestinal peptide (VIP) in the cervical lymph nodes with serum hyperhaptoglobinaemia and reduction of plasma CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes seven days after lipopolysaccharide administration. CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes from the cervical lymph node and serum interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor á showed no significant differences between the control and lipopolysaccharide groups. Subclinical lipopolysaccharide from S. Enteritidis can affect cells and signal molecules of the neuroimmune system. The presence of subclinical lipopolysaccharide from S. Enteritidis is associated with unknown prolonged consequences and may require eradication and a deeper search into the asymptomatic carrier state of Salmonella spp." ]

[ "Florence is a home rule-class city in Boone County, Kentucky, in the United States. Florence is part of the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky metropolitan area. The population was 29,951 at the 2010 census." ]

[ "Florence-area historical tornado activity is slightly above Kentucky state average. It is 68% greater than the overall U.S. average. On 4/3/1974, a category F5 (max. wind speeds 261-318 mph) tornado 12.9 miles away from the Florence city center killed 3 people and injured 210 people.", "Florence Sheriff. Find Florence Kentucky sheriff's office, department, headquarters, jail and detention center. Sheriffs provide information on records, arrests, inmates, warrants, and mugshots. Florence Sheriff." ]

[ "Nitrogen (the element) has 7 electrons. But two of those electrons are in the $1s$ orbital, and so are not considered valence. Therefore, a single elemental nitrogen has five valence electrons.\n\nThere are three nitrogens, and so $5 \\times 3 = 15$ electrons for $\\ce{N_3}$.\n\nFinally, azide is $\\ce{N_3^{-}}$, there is an additional electron beyond the neutral form. So, the total number of valence electrons is $15 + 1 = 16$." ]

[ "At first approximation, we need to consider the orbital we are extracting an electron from. Both oxygen and fluorine (and nitrogen, carbon, boron and neon) have a $\\mathrm{2p}$ orbital as their highest occupied, so we expect to ionise from that. If you draw a trend of the ionisation energies, you observe that the energy rises from boron to nitrogen, is lower for oxygen and rises from oxygen to neon. Disregarding the slight decrease at oxygen at first approximation we can say that it becomes increasingly hard to ionise an electron from a $\\mathrm{2p}$ orbital with higher element number.\n\nThis is because essentially the shape and size of the $\\mathrm{2p}$ orbitals are (close enough to, at first approximation) equal. So the wavefunction of the electrons we are removing does not change significantly. However, in their vicinity we have a nucleus which changes charge. For boron, we have an effective nuclear charge of $+1$ or $+3$ (depending on whether you count the $\\mathrm{2s}$ electrons as shielding or not). For every step we take and every move we make to the right, the effective nuclear charge ($n(\\ce{protons}) - n(\\ce{core~electrons})$) will increase by one. We need to counter that nuclear charge to remove an electron which, naturally, because increasingly harder the stronger the charge holding it back.\n\nThe slight drop in ionisation energy at oxygen warrants a separate explanation. If you observe closer, you realise that the first three p-electrons (boron to nitrogen) are added as &#x3b1; spins while oxygen is the first element to obtain a &#x3b2; spin electron. A single &#x3b2; electron at first approximation has three degenerate orbitals it can populate. This is an unfavourable situation — compare with the Jahn-Teller effect in coordination chemistry that exists to counteract this situation. Thus, the energy required to remove this seemingly extraneous electron is lower than it would be just looking at effective nuclear charge. On the other hand, three &#x3b1; spins are more stable since the system is no longer degenerate. Thus it is slightly harder to remove an electron from nitrogen than it should be.", "The molecular orbital energy-level diagram of $\\ce{S2}$ is given below:-\n\n(source)\n\nWe can see how close the energy the 3s and 3p atomic orbitals are because their energy separation will determine whether the $\\ce{π_3_{p}_{x,y}}$, or the $\\ce{σ_{3}_{p}_{z}}$ molecular orbital is higher in energy. Because the ns–np energy gap increases as the nuclear charge increases , the $\\ce{σ_{3}_{p}_{z}}$ molecular orbital will be lower in energy than the $\\ce{π_3_{p}_{x,y}}$ pair.\n\nEach sulfur atom contributes 6 valence electrons, for a total of 12 valence electrons. Ten valence electrons are used to fill the orbitals through $\\ce{π_{3}_{p}_{z}}$and $\\ce{π_3_{p}_{y}}$, leaving 2 electrons to occupy the degenerate $\\ce{π^{⋆}_{3}_{p}_{z}}$ and $\\ce{π^{⋆}_{3}_{p}_{y}}$ pair. From Hund’s rule, the remaining 2 electrons must occupy these orbitals separately with their spins aligned. With the numbers of electrons written as superscripts, the electron configuration of $\\ce{S2}$ is $\\ce{(σ_{3}_{s})^{2}(σ^{⋆}_{3}_{s})^{2}(σ_{3}_{p}_{z})^{2}(π_{3}_{p}_{z,y})^{4}(π_{3}_{p}^{⋆}_{x,y})^{2}}$ with 2 unpaired electrons at the antibonding $\\ce{π^{⋆}}$ orbital and thus is paramagnetic. The bond order is (8 − 4) ÷ 2 = 2, so we predict an $\\ce{S=S}$ double bond." ]

[ "The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the educational sector globally, leading to the widespread closures of schools and universities. The crisis has pushed the education system to adapt quickly to remote learning models. Teachers and students have had to adjust to new e-learning platforms and digital tools for delivering and receiving education. The shift has not been without challenges, ranging from access to technology, internet connectivity issues, to adapting teaching methods for online delivery. However, it has also opened new opportunities for learning and highlighted the importance of digital literacy and infrastructure in education" ]

[ "The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed many sectors, including tourism, hospitality, and retail. There has been a significant shift towards online platforms, with businesses adapting to e-commerce models to continue their operations. Challenges such as shipping issues, adapting to new digital tools, and ensuring customer satisfaction in a virtual environment have arisen. However, it has also created new opportunities in digital marketing, home delivery services, and online customer engagement. The impact on these sectors underscores the importance of digital adaptation in the face of crises" ]

[ "A considerable proportion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) entering pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) report psychological distress, which is often accompanied by poor physical health status. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has been shown to improve psychological and physical outcomes in other chronic diseases. We therefore evaluated the efficacy of MBCT as an add-on to a standard PR programme in COPD.COPD patients eligible for PR were cluster randomised to receive either an 8-week, group-based MBCT programme as an add-on to an 8-week PR programme (n=39), or PR alone (n=45). The primary outcomes of psychological distress and physical health status impairment were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) before randomisation (T1), mid- (T2) and post-intervention (T3), and at 3 (T4) and 6 (T5) months' follow-up .A statistically significant time?arm effect was found for the HADS (Cohen's d=0.62, 95% CIs (d)=0.18-1.06, p=0.010). The treatment effect on the CAT failed to reach statistical significance (d=0.42, 95% CIs (d)=-0.06-0.90, p=0.061).MBCT showed a statistically significant and durable effect on psychological distress, indicating that MBCT may be an efficacious add-on to standard PR programmes in COPD." ]

[ "AIM: It has been demonstrated that long-term oxygen therapy increased exercise capacity, improved the quality of life, reduced hospitalization and increased life expectancy in chronic hypoxemic COPD patients. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in COPD patients receiving long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) compared to COPD patients not receiving LTOT.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chronic hypoxemic COPD patients using LTOT (LTOT group) and COPD patients not receiving LTOT (non-LTOT group) who participated in this study underwent a comprehensive 8-week outpatient PR program.RESULTS: Twenty-seven out of 61 severe/very severe cases with COPD received LTOT at home, and 34 did not. After PR, 6-minute walking distance (6mWD) increased significantly and perceived dyspnea decreased significantly in both groups (P < .001, both). This change was significantly higher in the LTOT-receiving group compared to the non-LTOT Group (P = .046, P = .012). In both groups, all items in the disease-related quality of life questionnaire (QoL) were improved, and the scores in the health-related QoL questionnaire exhibited an improvement (P < .05, for all). Anxiety and depression scores were significantly lowered in both groups (P < .05, both).CONCLUSIONS: Those COPD patients receiving the LTOT benefited from the PR as much as those COPD patients not receiving LTOT. The former group had a higher increase in 6mWD and a higher reduction in dyspnea symptoms. Further studies are required to understand to what extent the severe chronic hypoxemic COPD patients could benefit from the PR.", "Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has been shown to effectively prevent relapse and reduce residual depressive symptoms (RDS), yet it faces barriers to dissemination. The present study examined Mindful Mood Balance (MMB), the first web-based approach to deliver the core content of MBCT. Of the 107 recurrently depressed individuals screened, 100 elected to enroll in the study and received MMB in an 8-session open trial with 6-month follow-up. Outcomes included depressive symptom severity, rumination and mindful awareness, and program engagement. A quasi-experimental comparison between MMB participants and propensity matched case-controls receiving usual depression care (UDC) (N=100) also was conducted. The full sample and the subgroup with residual depressive symptoms (N=42) showed significantly reduced depressive severity, which was sustained over six months, and improvement on rumination and mindfulness. Examination of acceptability of MMB indicated that 42% of participants within the full sample and 36% of the RDS subgroup completed all 8 sessions and 53% within the full sample and 50% within the RDS subgroup completed at least 4 sessions, and that participants engaged with daily mindfulness practice. MMB also was associated with significant reduction in RDS severity as compared to quasi-experimental propensity matched controls. Although the use of a non-randomized design, with potential unmeasured differences between groups, and short interval of clinical follow-up were limitations, findings from this study support the web-based delivery of MBCT and suggest clinical benefits for participants with histories of depression and with RDS, relative to those receiving usual care alone." ]

[ "There is evidence to suggest that social judgements are made on the basis of dental appearance. This study sought to determine how children view other children with fixed orthodontic appliances. Cross-sectional, self-completion questionnaire. Year 7 (aged 11-12 years) and year 10 (aged 14-15 years) school children (the participants) were invited to look at colour photographs of one girl and one boy (the subjects) and to make a social judgement about these children. Participants were randomly allocated either pictures of the two children without fixed orthodontic appliances or pictures of the same children with fixed orthodontic appliances. Using a previously validated child-centred questionnaire, participants rated subjects using a four-point Likert scale for three negative and six positive attributes. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine whether participant year group or gender and the presence of the orthodontic appliance had a significant effect on total attribute score. Three hundred and twenty-two children completed the questionnaires, giving a response rate of 69%. There was a significant effect of year group (P = 0.003) and gender of the participant (P = 0.031) on the attribute score. There was no effect according to the presence or absence of an orthodontic appliance (P = 0.791). Female participants gave more positive ratings than their male peers" ]

[ "The opinions of others have a profound influence on decision making in adults. The impact of social influence appears to change during childhood, but the underlying mechanisms and their development remain unclear. We tested 125 neurotypical children between the ages of 6 and 14 years on a perceptual decision task about 3D-motion figures under informational social influence. In these children, a systematic bias in favor of the response of another person emerged at around 12 years of age, regardless of whether the other person was an age-matched peer or an adult. Drift diffusion modeling indicated that this social influence effect in neurotypical children was due to changes in the integration of sensory information, rather than solely a change in decision behavior. When we tested a smaller cohort of 30 age- and IQ-matched autistic children on the same task, we found some early decision bias to social influence, but no evidence for the development of systematic integration of social influence into sensory processing for any age group. Our results suggest that by the early teens, typical neurodevelopment allows social influence to systematically bias perceptual processes in a visual task previously linked to the dorsal visual stream. That the same bias did not appear to emerge in autistic adolescents in this study may explain some of their difficulties in social interactions.", "OBJECTIVE: To compare the quality of orthodontic treatment between 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot bracket systems.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eligible participants aged 12 years or over were allocated to the 0.018-inch or 0.022-inch slot MBT appliance (3M-Unitek, Monrovia, California, USA) using block randomization in groups of 10. Outcome measures included: 1. ABO cast-radiograph evaluation (CR-EVAL), 2. peer assessment rating (PAR) scores, 3. incisor inclination, and 4. patient perception using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need aesthetic component (IOTN AC) and three validated questionnaires before, during and after treatment. Parametric tests [independent samples t-test and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)] and non-parametric tests (chi-square with Fisher's exact tests and Mann-Whitney U-test) assessed differences between groups (P < 0.05).RESULTS: Of the 187 participants randomized (1:1 ratio), 34 withdrew or were excluded (protocol deviations or poor cooperation). There were 77 patients in the 0.018-inch slot group and 76 patients in the 0.022-inch slot group (overall mean age: 19.1 years). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups (P > 0.05). The mean total ABO CR-EVAL scores were 34.7 and 34.5; mean percentage PAR score reduction 74.1 per cent and 77.1 per cent; mean change for maxillary incisor inclination 2.9 degrees and 1.6 degrees and for mandibular incisor inclination 2.7 degrees and 1.4 degrees for the 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch groups, respectively. Improvement in patient perception of aesthetics after treatment was statistically significant for both groups (P < 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups for ABO CR-EVAL, percentage PAR score reduction, incisor inclination, and patient perception of treatment (P > 0.05). No adverse events were observed during treatment.LIMITATIONS: It was impossible to blind clinicians or patients to allocation and oral hygiene and periodontal outcomes were not assessed.CONCLUSIONS: There were no statistically or clinically significant differences in the quality of occlusal outcomes, incisor inclination and patient perception of treatment between 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot bracket systems.REGISTRATION: The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 5 March 2014, registration number: NCT02080338.PROTOCOL: The protocol was published at DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-389." ]

[ "A refractory material is one that retains its strength at high temperatures. ASTM C71 defines refractories as non-metallic materials having those chemical and physical properties that make them applicable for structures, or as components of systems, that are exposed to environments above 1,000 °F (811 K; 538 °C).cidic refractories consist of mostly acidic materials like alumina (Al 2 O 3) and silica (SiO 2). They are generally not attacked or affected by acidic materials, but easily affected by basic materials. They include substances such as silica, alumina, and fire clay brick refractories." ]

[ "1 a refractory chamber, generally cylindrically shaped, within which some substance, as ore or coal, is heated as part of a smelting or manufacturing process. an airtight, usually cylindrical vessel of fire clay or iron, used in the destructive distillation chiefly of coal and wood in the manufacture of illuminating gas.", "Bulk density: The bulk density is useful property of refractories, which is the amount of. refractory material within a volume (kg/m3). An increase in bulk density of a given refractory. increases its volume stability, heat capacity and resistance to slag penetration." ]

[ "A guy is standing in front of some people." ]

[ "A guy has his mouth closed tightly." ]

[ "The PhoD family of extra-cytoplasmic phosphodiesterases are among the most commonly occurring bacterial phosphatases. The exemplars for this family are the PhoD protein of Bacillus subtilis and the phospholipase D of Streptomyces chromofuscus. We present the crystal structure of B. subtilis PhoD. PhoD is most closely related to purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) with both types of enzyme containing a tyrosinate-ligated Fe(3+) ion. However, the PhoD active site diverges from that found in PAPs and uses two Ca(2+) ions instead of the single extra Fe(2+), Mn(2+), or Zn(2+) ion present in PAPs. The PhoD crystals contain a phosphate molecule that coordinates all three active site metal ions and that is proposed to represent a product complex. A C-terminal helix lies over the active site and controls access to the catalytic center. The structure of PhoD defines a new phosphatase active site architecture based on Fe(3+) and Ca(2+) ions." ]

[ "2H (two-histidine) phosphoesterase enzymes are distributed widely in all domains of life and are implicated in diverse RNA and nucleotide transactions, including the transesterification and hydrolysis of cyclic phosphates. Here we report a biochemical and structural characterization of the Escherichia coli 2H protein YapD YadP [corrected], which was identified originally as a reversible transesterifying \"nuclease/ligase\" at RNA 2',5'-phosphodiesters. We find that YapD YadP [corrected] is an \"end healing\" cyclic phosphodiesterase (CPDase) enzyme that hydrolyzes an HORNA>p substrate with a 2',3'-cyclic phosphodiester to a HORNAp product with a 2'-phosphomonoester terminus, without concomitant end joining. Thus we rename this enzyme ThpR (two-histidine 2',3'-cyclic phosphodiesterase acting on RNA). The 2.0 ? crystal structure of ThpR in a product complex with 2'-AMP highlights the roles of extended histidine-containing motifs (43)HxTxxF(48) and (125)HxTxxR(130) in the CPDase reaction. His43-N makes a hydrogen bond with the ribose O3' leaving group, thereby implicating His43 as a general acid catalyst. His125-N coordinates the O1P oxygen of the AMP 2'-phosphate (inferred from geometry to derive from the attacking water nucleophile), pointing to His125 as a general base catalyst. Arg130 makes bidentate contact with the AMP 2'-phosphate, suggesting a role in transition-state stabilization. Consistent with these inferences, changing His43, His125, or Arg130 to alanine effaced the CPDase activity of ThpR. Phe48 makes a - stack on the adenine nucleobase. Mutating Phe28 to alanine slowed the CPDase by an order of magnitude. The tertiary structure and extended active site motifs of ThpR are conserved in a subfamily of bacterial and archaeal 2H enzymes.", "The phosphodiesterase (PDE) family of proteins are important regulators of signal transduction, which they achieve by controlling the secondary messengers cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP). cAMP and cGMP are involved in many critical intracellular processes such as gene transcription, kinase activation, signal transduction in learning and memory, and channel function as secondary messengers. The involvement of PDEs in neuronal communication has made them important therapeutic targets. Considering the recent discovery that PDE2A inhibition can improve cognitive functioning, a combined molecular dynamics simulation and scoring and docking study was carried out to identify selective inhibitors of PDE2A that specifically interact with the recently discovered hydrophobic groove in PDE2A. Using the X-ray crystal structure of PDE2A (from PDB ID: 4HTX), we investigated the binding modes of a range of promising inhibitors based on the known PDE2A inhibitor BAY60-7550 to PDE2A. Graphical abstract The lead molecule showing highest MMPBSA binding energy with 2D and 3D binding pose in hydrophobic groove." ]

[ "The prognostic importance of red cell distribution width (RDW) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in cardiovascular diseases has been shown. Ascending aortic dilatation (AAD) is a common cardiovascular disease and is associated with aortic wall inflammation and cystic degeneration. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum levels of RDW, NLR and the presence of AAD. Two-hundred consecutive patients with AAD diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography were prospectively recruited and were compared to 170 age-gender- matched subjects with normal aortic diameters. Complete blood counts (CBCs) were analyzed for hemoglobin, RDW and NLR counts, as well as mean corpuscular volume (MCV). If possible, results of CBC tests within the previous two years were also included and the averages were used. RDW [median 13.9, interquartile range (IQR) 1.40 vs. median 13.3, IQR 1.05%, p=0.01], NLR (median 2.04, IQR 1.09 vs. median 1.78, IQR 0.90, p=0.01) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (median 0.60, IQR 0.80 vs. median 0.44, IQR 0.68 mg/L, p=0.01) levels were significantly higher in the AAD group compared to the control group. In univariate correlation analysis, ascending aortic diameters were correlated with RDW levels (r=0.31, p=0.01), NLR levels (r=0.15, p=0.01) and hs-CRP levels (r=0.12, p=0.03). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, increased levels of RDW and hs-CRP remained as the independent correlates of AAD in the study population. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that a RDW measurement higher than >13.8% predicted AAD with a sensitivity of 49.5% and a specificity of 82.8% (area under the curve [AUC] 0.681, p=0.01)" ]

[ "Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of variation in erythrocyte volume, has been associated with several cardiovascular disorders, but the relationship with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. We investigated the association between RDW and incidence of first hospitalization due to AF in a population-based cohort. Red blood cell distribution width was measured in 27,124 subjects from the general population (age 45-73 years, 62% women) with no history of AF, heart failure, myocardial infarction or stroke. The association between baseline RDW and incidence of AF identified from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register was evaluated. During a mean follow-up of 13.6 years, 1894 subjects (53% men) were hospitalized with a diagnosis of AF. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, including cardiovascular disease risk factors, nutrient intake (iron, vitamin B12 and folate) and several haematological parameters (haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume and corpuscular haemoglobin content), the hazard ratio (HR) for incidence of AF was 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-1.53] for the fourth versus first quartile of RDW (P for trend <0.001). The results were essentially unchanged when subjects with incident myocardial infarction or hospitalizations because of heart failure were censored from the analysis (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.13-1.51; P for trend = 0.001)", "Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a measure of heterogeneity in erythrocyte size used in the differential diagnosis of anemia. High levels are associated with elevated cardiovascular biomarkers and increased mortality. The hypothesis of this study is that high RDW levels on admission are associated with higher recourse to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in unstable angina (UA) or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. An observational, cross-sectional study of all adult patients undergoing coronary angiography admitted to an urban tertiary care center in 2007 with UA or NSTEMI was conducted. Data was gathered by review of inpatient charts. RDW was considered 'high' if it exceeded the 95th percentile (16.3%). Among the 503 subjects included in the analysis, high RDW was independently associated with higher recourse to CABG versus a nonsurgical approach [OR = 2.39 (1.04-5.50); p = 0.041] but not with conservative management [OR = 0.97 (0.51-1.84); p = 0.922] or percutaneous coronary intervention [OR = 0.67 (0.36-1.25); p = 0.208" ]

[ "Several farms in the Northeast of Brazil were investigated for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in order to identify the occurrence of paratuberculosis in buffaloes. Samples were obtained from 17 farms, two slaughter houses, and a quarantine area in the Northeast. About 15,000 buffaloes of the Murrah, Mediterranean, and Jafarabadi breed as well as their crossbreeds were evaluated for meat, dairy, and mixed farms with semi-intensive or extensive breeding practices. For diagnostic purposes, postmortem and histopathological examination, including Ziehl-Neelsen test of fecal smears and scraped intestinal mucosa were performed. PCR was applied for fecal samples, mesenteric lymph nodes, and intestines. Six Johne's disease-positive farms, which together with those previously identified, indicate that the disease is spread through the Brazilian Northeast, similar to what occurs in cattle herds in other regions of the country. The increase in prevalence of paratuberculosis is a consequence of introduction of animals from other regions without adequate veterinary assistance and due to the little official attention paid to this initially silent and chronic disease." ]

[ "INTRODUCTION: The ecoepidemiological situation in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil is characterized by frequent invasion and colonization of domiciliary units (DUs) by several triatomine species, with high rates of natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. METHODS: We evaluated the possibility of vector transmission of T. cruzi based on records of the occurrence of domiciled triatomines collected by the Secretariat of State for Public Health from 2005 to 2015. During this period, 67.7% (113/167) of municipalities conducted at least one active search and 110 recorded the presence of insects in DUs. These activities were more frequent in municipalities considered to have a high and medium-level risk of T. cruzi transmission.RESULTS: Of 51,569 captured triatomines, the most common species were Triatoma brasiliensis (47.2%) and T. pseudomaculata (40.2%). Colonies of T. brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, T. petrocchiae, Panstrongylus lutzi, and Rhodnius nasutus were also recorded in the intradomicile and peridomicile. Natural infection by trypanosomatids was detected in 1,153 specimens; the highest rate was found in R. nasutus (3.5%), followed by T. brasiliensis (2.5%) and T. pseudomaculata (2.4%). There have been high levels of colonization over the years; however, not all infested DUs have been sprayed. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of intradomicile and peridomicile colonization by P. lutzi. These results demonstrate the risk of new cases of infection by T. cruzi and reinforce the need for continuous entomological surveillance in the State of Rio Grande do Norte.", "Johne's disease (paratuberculosis), a worldwide enzootic disease of cattle caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), mainly introduced into farms by purchasing infected animals, has a large economic impact for dairy producers. Since diagnostic tests used in routine are poorly sensitive, observing Map spread in the field is hardly possible, whereas there is a need for evaluating control strategies. Our objective was to provide a modelling framework to compare the efficacy of regional control strategies combining internal biosecurity measures and testing of traded animals, against Map spread in a metapopulation of dairy cattle herds. We represented 12,857 dairy herds located in Brittany (France), based on data from 2005 to 2013, used to calibrate herd sizes and demographic rates and to define trade events in a multiscale model of Map infection dynamics. By clustering and categorical descriptive analysis of intensive simulations of this model, based on a numerical experimental design, a large panel of control measures was explored. Their efficacy was assessed on model outputs such as the prevalence and probability of extinction at the metapopulation level. In addition, we proposed a scoring for the effort required to implement control measures and prioritized control strategies based on their theoretical epidemiological efficacy. Our results clearly indicate that eradication cannot be achieved on the mid term using available control measures. However, we identified relevant combinations of measures that lead to the control of Map spread with realistic level of implementation and coverage. The study highlights the challenge of controlling paratuberculosis in an endemically infected region as related to the poor test characteristics and frequent trade movements. Our model lays the foundations for a flexible and efficient tool to help collective animal health managers in defining relevant control strategies at a regional scale, accounting for local specificities in terms of contact network and farms' characteristics." ]

[ "GCIDE(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: 1 Datum(n.) a single piece of information; a fact; especially a piece of information obtained by observation or experiment; -- used mostly in the plural. 2 Datum(n.) (Surveying) a point, line, or level surface used as a reference in measuring elevations. RHUD." ]

[ "Rule is defined as to have influence or authority over others. An example of to rule is Mussolini's dictatorship in Italy. an authoritative regulation for action, conduct, method, procedure, arrangement, etc.: the rules of the school. an established practice that serves as a guide to usage: the rules of grammar. a complete set or code of regulations in a religious order: the Benedictine rule.", "Wiktionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: To obtain or receive (something) from something else. To deduce (a conclusion) by reasoning. To find the derivation of (a word or phrase). To create (a compound) from another by means of a reaction." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of pulmonary static inflation with 50% xenon on postoperative oxygen impairment during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (AAD).METHODS: This prospective single-center nonrandomized controlled clinical trial included 100 adult patients undergoing surgery for Stanford type A AAD at an academic hospital in China. Fifty subjects underwent pulmonary static inflation with 50% oxygen from January 2013 to January 2014, and 50 underwent inflation with 50% xenon from January 2014 to December 2014. During CPB, the lungs were inflated with either 50% xenon (xenon group) or 50% oxygen (control group) to maintain an airway pressure of 5 cm H2O. The primary outcome was oxygenation index (OI) value after intubation, and 10 minutes and 6 hours after the operation. The second outcome was cytokine and reactive oxygen species levels after intubation and 10 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours after the operation.RESULTS: Patients treated with xenon had lower OI levels compared to the control group before surgery (P = 0.002); however, there was no difference in postoperative values between the 2 groups. Following surgery, mean maximal OI values decreased by 18.8% and 33.8%, respectively, in the xenon and control groups. After surgery, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and thromboxane B2 decreased by 23.5%, 9.1%, and 30.2%, respectively, in the xenon group, but increased by 10.8%, 26.2%, and 26.4%, respectively, in the control group. Moreover, IL-10 levels increased by 28% in the xenon group and decreased by 7.5% in the control group. There were significant time and treatment-time interaction effects on methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (P = 0.000 and P = 0.050, respectively) and myeloperoxidase (P = 0.000 and P = 0.001 in xenon and control groups, respectively). There was no difference in hospital mortality and 1-year survival rate between the 2 groups.CONCLUSION: Pulmonary static inflation with 50% xenon during CPB could attenuate OI decreases at the end of surgery for Stanford type A AAD. Thus, xenon may function by triggering anti-inflammatory responses and suppressing pro-inflammatory and oxidative effects." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Because minimally invasive surgery can improve postoperative recovery, it became the preferred technique for patients with significant comorbidities. However, steep Trendelenburg position and abdominal CO2-insufflation can lead to a significant increase in upper airway resistance and an alteration of overall lung function. In particular, patients who already suffer from an obstructive airway disease like obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) might be at risk for postoperative airway complications. Therefore, we perioperatively performed spirometric tests in patients with OSAS undergoing robotic surgery in steep Trendelenburg position.METHODS: Twenty patients with OSAS were enrolled in the study. A day before surgery lung function measurements were performed and repeated preoperatively, 40, 120, and 240 minutes and 1 and 5 days postoperatively. We measured vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), maximal mid expiratory and inspiratory flow (MEF50, MIF50), arterial oxygen saturation, and nasal flow.RESULTS: The ratio of MEF50 to MIF50, as an indicator of upper airway resistance, was increased significantly postoperatively and normalized within 24 hours (p < 0.0001), while FEV1 and VC were significantly reduced and recovered only partially as much as the fifth postoperative day (p < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Airway resistance increased following robotic radical prostatectomy in Trendelenburg position in patients with OSAS. Two separate major effects can be observed. A significant increase of the upper airway resistance, which improved to preoperative conditions within 24 hours, and a reduction in FEV1 and VC, which recovered only partially as much as the fifth postoperative day.", "Objective: To evaluate the effect of adrenalin saline local injection on reducing bleeding in endoscopic type?tympanoplasty. Method: A total of 50 patients underwent endoscopic type ?tympanoplasty were prospectively enrolled and were randomly divided into 2 groups. Patients in research group were locally injected 5 ml adrenalin saline with a concentration of 1?200 000, 15 minutes before operation. And the control group were not injected. Grafts acceptance rates, operation time, blood loss, pre- and pro- operative audiograms were compared between the two groups. Result: Compared with control group, the operative time and blood loss was less in research group. These differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in grafts acceptance rate between two groups (P>0.05). After surgery, mean air conduction threshold was increased and the air-bone gaps was decreased in both groups,and no statistical significant deference was found between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: Before endoscopic type I tympanoplasty, adrenalin saline local injection can reduce blood loss significantly. This allows better operative view and experience for surgeons and less surgery damage to patients." ]

[ "— The Librarian First-Light-Weaves-Living-Song, better known as the Librarian, was a highly influential Forerunner Lifeshaper and the head of the Lifeworker rate for ten thousand years. She was married to the Didact, the Promethean supreme commander of the Forerunner military." ]

[ "Performers include: Rebecca Romijn, Christian Kane, Lindy Booth, John Kim, and John Larroquette. TV show description: A spin-off of The Librarian TV film series, this show follows four new characters who become part of an ancient organization hidden beneath the Metropolitan Public Library. They are dedicated to protecting an unknowing world from the secret, magical reality that’s hidden all around.", "The Bad-Ass Librarians of Timbuktu tells the incredible story of how Haidara, a mild-mannered archivist and historian from the legendary city of Timbuktu, later became one…." ]

[ "retain \"retainre·tain Use retain in a sentence Becky doesn't retain information very well, so she wrote the details on her hand as a reminder. Licensed from Getty Imagesverb Retain is defined as to keep, hold on to or keep in place. An example of retain is to keep a prized possession from childhood. An example of retain is for mouth-gear to keep the teeth in place. Your Dictionary definition and usage example. Copyright © 2018 by Love To Know Corp Link/Citeretainto hold or keep in possessionto keep in a fixed state or conditionto continue to have or hold in: to retain heatto continue to practice, use, etc.to keep in mindto hire, or arrange in advance for the services of, by paying a retainer Educ. to require (a student who has failed) to repeat a grade in school Origin of retain Middle English reteynen from Old French retenir from Late Latin an unverified form retenere, for Classical Latin retinere from re-, back + tenere, to hold: see thin Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Link/Citeretaintransitive verbre·tained, re·tain·ing, re·tainsa. To keep possession of; continue to have: The family sold the house but retained the land. See Synonyms at keep.b. To keep in a particular place or condition: a library that retains the author's papers; plants that retain a lot of water.c. To continue to have as a feature or aspect: retains his good humor after all the setbacks. To keep in mind; remember: retains the songs she learned in childhood. To require (a student) to repeat a class or grade because of insufficient educational progress to advance.a. To keep in one's service or pay: retain employees on a workforce.b. To hire (an attorney, for example) by the payment of a fee.c. To hire someone for (his or her services). Origin of retain Middle English reteinen from Old French retenir from Latin retinēre re- re- tenēre to hold ; see ten- in Indo-European roots. Related Forms:re·tain′a·bil′i·tynounre·tain′a·bleadjectivere·tain′mentnoun THE AMERICAN HERITAGE® DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, FIFTH EDITION by the Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries. Copyright © 2016, 2011 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Link/Citeretain Verb ( third-person singular simple present retains, present participle retaining, simple past and past participle retained)To keep in possession or use. To keep in one's pay or service. To employ by paying a retainer. To hold secure. Anagramsretinatin ear Origin From French retenir, from Vulgar Latin * retinÅ, retinÄ«re, from Latin retinÅ, retinere, from Latin re- + teneÅ, tenere (“to hold\"\")English Wiktionary. Available under CC-BY-SA license. Link/Cite \"" ]

[ "Retained Earnings \"Retained Earnings View Financial Glossary Index Definition The net income that remains after paying dividends. It is reported on the balance sheet as the cumulative sum of each year's retained earnings over the life of the business. Retained earnings can be used to pay debt and future dividends, or can be reinvested into business activities. The \"\"retained\"\" refers to the earnings after paying out dividends. Companies with increasing retained earnings is good, because it means the company is staying consistently profitable. If a company has a yearly loss, this number is subtracted from retained earnings. If a company's annual net income was 5 million, paid out 3 million in dividends, and had a retained earnings of 9 million, retained earnings at the end of 2012 would be 11 million (5-3+9). Similarly if next year the company paid no dividends but had a yearly net income loss of 5 million, retained earnings would be 6 million (11-5). Formula Retained Earnings = Beginning Retained Earnings + Net Income - Dividends Are you an investing professional? Click here to request a live demo of YCharts Professional, our premium suite of tools and data. Learn more about our professional products. Call (866) 965-7552 or email [email protected] \"" ]

[ "Tip etiquette. The proper amount. The common courtesy is 15% for normal service. On small orders of less than $20, the proper amount is the $3 minimum standard. It should be a $3 minimum to have someone come out to your house. It's considerate to tip slightly more during bad weather. It's also considerate to tip slightly more for long distance." ]

[ "Many salon workers face low wages, so tipping is their means of making ends meet. (And on that note, if you suspect your salon has poor conditions for its employees, report it to your local public advocate's office.) Tip 20% for a standard manicure, more if you feel your service was exceptional.​. Share.", "tipping in restaurants in Canada. In restaurants Tip 15% - 20% in Canada. In Canada, tipping is expected, and is meant to keep encouraging good service. A gratuity of between 15% and 20% of the bill before tax, depending on the level of service. Tip 15% for normal service, 20% for exceptional service." ]

[ "That's the way it occurs." ]

[ "It cannot ever happen like that." ]

[ "Malamuth's (1998) confluence model holds that the combination of hostile masculinity, impersonal sexuality, and the constellation of high dominance and low nurturance plays a crucial role in explaining men's sexual aggression against women. Most studies on the confluence model concentrate on hostile masculinity and impersonal sexuality rather than dominance and nurturance. Using a person-centered approach, we investigated whether sexual aggressive men could be better identified in a sample of 692 men when not only hostile masculinity and impersonal sexuality but also dominance and nurturance were used as indicators in a latent profile analysis. Regardless of whether dominance and nurturance were considered or not, latent profile analyses revealed a high-risk group, which showed higher sexual aggression than other groups. In both cases, the sensitivity (i.e., the proportion of sexually aggressive men correctly assigned to the high-risk group) was low (33% and 31%, respectively) but increased substantially for the identification of severe sexual aggression. The positive prediction value, however, increased from 68% to 78% when dominance and nurturance were considered as predictor variables in addition to hostile masculinity and impersonal sexuality, indicating that more men assigned to the high-risk group were indeed sexually aggressive. These results demonstrate the power of the confluence model for identifying sexually aggressive men from a person-centered perspective. They also point to the necessity of expanding this perspective by considering further (e.g., situational) risk factors, which have previously been identified as predicting sexually aggressive behavior in men. Aggr. Behav. 43:251-262, 2017. 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc." ]

[ "How brains are hardwired to produce aggressive behavior, and how aggression circuits are related to those that mediate courtship, is not well understood. A large-scale screen for aggression-promoting neurons in Drosophila identified several independent hits that enhanced both inter-male aggression and courtship. Genetic intersections revealed that 8-10 P1 interneurons, previously thought to exclusively control male courtship, were sufficient to promote fighting. Optogenetic experiments indicated that P1 activation could promote aggression at a threshold below that required for wing extension. P1 activation in the absence of wing extension triggered persistent aggression via an internal state that could endure for minutes. High-frequency P1 activation promoted wing extension and suppressed aggression during photostimulation, whereas aggression resumed and wing extension was inhibited following photostimulation offset. Thus, P1 neuron activation promotes a latent, internal state that facilitates aggression and courtship, and controls the overt expression of these social behaviors in a threshold-dependent, inverse manner.", "Previous research has suggested that sexually aggressive behavior and sexual HIV risk behavior are associated. Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a well-established risk factor for both types of problematic sexual behavior. Negative affect (i.e., anxiety, depression, and anger) is a less well-studied risk factor, but it has been theorized to relate to both sexual aggression and HIV risk behavior. Thus, this study sought to (1) confirm the relationship between sexual aggression and HIV risk behavior, (2) establish CSA and negative affect as shared risk factors for sexual aggression and HIV risk behavior, and (3) evaluate whether negative affect mediates the relationship between CSA and sexual aggression and between CSA and HIV sexual risk in a sample of heterosexual men. We recruited 18- to 30-year-old heterosexual men (N=377) from urban sexually transmitted infection clinics. Men completed measures of sexual HIV risk history (number of partners and condom use), sexual aggression history, CSA history, and trait negative affect (anger, anxiety, and depression). Structural equation modeling was used to examine hypothesized direct and indirect relationships. In the final SEM model, sexual aggression history and sexual HIV risk behavior were correlated. CSA was associated with both types of problematic sexual behavior. Anxiety significantly mediated the relationship between CSA and sexual aggression and between CSA and sexual HIV risk behavior ( 2[1300]=2121.79, p<.001; CFI=0.905; RMSEA [90% CI]=.044 [.041-.047]). Sexual aggression appears to be part of a constellation of sexual risk behaviors; thus, it may be possible to develop prevention programs that target both sexual HIV risk and sexual aggression. CSA is a shared risk factor for sexual aggression and HIV risk behavior through the pathway of anxiety. Thus, anxiety might be one promising target for intervention." ]

[ "Two people are standing by the like." ]

[ "Two boys are at the river." ]