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--- |
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language: |
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- en |
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- code |
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tags: |
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- pytorch |
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- causal-lm |
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- code-generation |
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- The Pile |
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license: apache-2.0 |
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--- |
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# FIM-1.3B |
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## Model Description |
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FIM-1.3B is the first of a series of large-scale infilling-enabled autoregressive language models trained by CarperAI. FIM-1.3B is the first of these models, and future models (both larger and smaller) trained on greater quantities of code data will be released, potentially with different architectural variations optimized for code. |
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This is a preliminary release of an experimental artifact and should be treated as such. |
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## Model Dimensions |
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| Hyperparameter | Value | |
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|----------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| \\(n_{parameters}\\) | 1,331,810,304 | |
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| \\(n_{layers}\\) | 24 | |
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| \\(d_{model}\\) | 2048 | |
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| \\(d_{ff}\\) | 8192 | |
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| \\(n_{heads}\\) | 16 | |
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| \\(d_{head}\\) | 128 | |
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| \\(n_{ctx}\\) | 2048 | |
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| \\(n_{vocab}\\) | 50254 | |
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| Positional Encoding | [Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.09864) |
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The model consists of 24 transformer layers with a hidden dimension of 2048, and a feedforward intermediate dimension of 8192. The hidden dimension is split into 16 heads for self-attention, each with a dimension of 128. Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is used. |
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The model is trained with the same tokenizer as [GPT-NeoX-20b](https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.06745), for a vocabulary size of 50254 tokens. |
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## Training Data |
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The model was trained on the Pile, an 800Gb dataset composed of varied web corpora. The datasheet and paper for the Pile can be found [here](https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.07311) and [here](https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.00027) respectively. |
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## Training Details |
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This model was trained for 47,000 steps at a batch size of 6,291,456 tokens per step in the [GPT-NeoX codebase](https://github.com/EleutherAI/gpt-neox). It was trained as an autoregressive language model, using cross-entropy loss to maximize the likelihood of predicting the next token correctly. |
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Following Bavarian et al. 2022, we train the model to additionally perform infilling via a data transformation applied randomly to 90% of input contexts at train-time. |
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Middle segments “to infill” were selected uniformly at random from contexts at the character level, and these contexts were then reformatted as |
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\<SUF\> {last 1/3rd of the context} \<PRE\> {first 1/3rd of the context} \<MID\> {middle 1/3rd of the context} \<EOD\> |
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## How to use |
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This model can be easily loaded using the `AutoModelForCausalLM` class: |
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```python |
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM |
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("CarperAI/FIM-NeoX-1.3B") |
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("CarperAI/FIM-NeoX-1.3B") |
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``` |
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### Performing Infilling |
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Suppose we have some text that we would like to perform infilling on at a certain “cursor location”. |
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This would have the form {some prelude text here} \<INFILLING LOCATION\> {some text following cursor}. |
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The way to perform infilling generation would be via placing the input text into this format: |
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\<SUF\> {some text following cursor} \<PRE\> {some prelude text here} \<MID\> ... language model output is generated after \<MID\> token! |
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## Intended Uses and Limitations |
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FIM-1.3B learns a representation of the English language that can be used to extract features useful for downstream NLP and Code generation tasks. However, the model has solely been trained on a standard next-token-prediction language modeling task on its training data. |
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## Limitations and Biases |
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FIM-1.3B was trained on the Pile, a dataset known to contain profanity, lewd, and otherwise abrasive language. FIM-1.3B may produce socially unacceptable or otherwise harmful text. See Sections 5 and 6 of the Pile paper for a more detailed analysis of the biases in the Pile. |
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As with all language models, it is hard to predict in advance how FIM-1.3B will respond to particular prompts, and offensive content may occur without warning. We recommend having a human curate or filter the outputs before releasing them, both to censor undesirable content and to improve the quality of the results. Code generated by FIM-1.3B should also be checked for security errors by a human before use in production. |
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## Evaluation results |
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We evaluate our model on a number of standard NLP datasets to verify that our infilling model performs on par with a comparable autoregressive model. |
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We use the [lm-evaluation-harness](https://github.com/EleutherAI/lm-evaluation-harness) library developed by EleutherAI for all evaluations except for HumanEval-infilling, for which we use the code in [https://github.com/openai/human-eval-infilling](https://github.com/openai/human-eval-infilling) to evaluate performance. |
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All 3 models here are trained using the same configuration with differing FIM hyperparameters and/or different positional embeddings. "AR-1.3B" refers to a model trained without FIM and with rotary positional embeddings, "CarperAI/FIM-NeoX-1.3B" refers to this model (trained with a FIM rate of 0.9 in SPM mode according to Bavarian et al. 2022), and "FIM-1.3B-alibi" refers to a model trained with [AliBi](https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.12409) positional embeddings but otherwise the same as this model. |
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| Model | HumanEval-infilling | arc\_easy | arc\_challenge | lambada | piqa | sciq | wsc | winogrande | |
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|-----------------|---------------------|----------|---------------|---------|--------|-------|--------|------------| |
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| AR-1.3B | 0.0029 | 0.5816 | 0.2465 | 7.03 | 0.7116 | 0.85 | 0.3654 | 0.5651 | |
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| CarperAI/FIM-NeoX-1.3B | 0.0155 | 0.5829 | 0.2457 | 7.08 | 0.7029 | 0.861 | 0.3654 | 0.5390 | |
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| FIM-1.3B-alibi | 0.0029 | 0.5589 | 0.25 | 7.49 | 0.6926 | 0.856 | 0.3654 | 0.5406 | |
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