.

app.py

@@ -9,31 +9,9 @@ st.set_page_config(page_title="Coding Multiple Choice Q&A", layout="wide")
 # Use the specified model
 MODEL_PATH = "tuandunghcmut/Qwen25_Coder_MultipleChoice_v4"
 
-# Example data
-CODING_EXAMPLES_BY_CATEGORY = {
-    "Python": [
-        {
-            "question": "Which of the following is NOT a valid way to iterate through a list in Python?",
-            "choices": [
-                "for item in my_list:",
-                "for i in range(len(my_list)):",
-                "for index, item in enumerate(my_list):",
-                "for item from my_list:",
-            ],
-            "answer": "D",
-        },
-        {
-            "question": "In Python, what does the `__str__` method do?",
-            "choices": [
-                "Returns a string representation of an object for developers",
-                "Returns a string representation of an object for end users",
-                "Converts a string to an object",
-                "Checks if an object is a string",
-            ],
-            "answer": "B",
-        },
-    ]
-}
+
+
+from coding_examples import CODING_EXAMPLES_BY_CATEGORY
 
 # Flatten examples
 CODING_EXAMPLES = []

coding_examples.py

@@ -0,0 +1,865 @@
+
+"""
+Contains 200 example coding multiple choice questions for the demo application,
+organized by category.
+"""
+
+# Define the examples by category
+CODING_EXAMPLES_BY_CATEGORY = {
+    "Python": [
+        {
+            "question": "Which of the following is NOT a valid way to iterate through a list in Python?",
+            "choices": [
+                "for item in my_list:",
+                "for i in range(len(my_list)):",
+                "for index, item in enumerate(my_list):",
+                "for item from my_list:",
+            ],
+            "answer": "D",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "In Python, what does the `__str__` method do?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Returns a string representation of an object for developers",
+                "Returns a string representation of an object for end users",
+                "Converts a string to an object",
+                "Checks if an object is a string",
+            ],
+            "answer": "B",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the output of this Python code: `print(list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10))))`?",
+            "choices": [
+                "[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]",
+                "[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]",
+                "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]",
+                "[]",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the output of the following Python code?\nx = [1, 2, 3]\ny = x\ny.append(4)\nprint(x)",
+            "choices": ["[1, 2, 3]", "[1, 2, 3, 4]", "[4, 1, 2, 3]", "Error"],
+            "answer": "B",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the correct way to check if two variables point to the same object in Python?",
+            "choices": ["is", "==", "equals()", "==="],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the output of this Python code?\nprint(0.1 + 0.2 == 0.3)",
+            "choices": ["False", "True", "Error", "None"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "In Python, what is a generator?",
+            "choices": [
+                "A function that returns an iterator",
+                "A tool that creates new modules",
+                "A class that generates random numbers",
+                "A method for creating new objects",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "In Python, what does the `*args` parameter do?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Allows a function to accept a variable number of positional arguments",
+                "Makes arguments optional",
+                "Multiplies all arguments",
+                "Unpacks a dictionary into keyword arguments",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the output of `print(2 ** 3 ** 2)` in Python?",
+            "choices": ["64", "36", "512", "None of the above"],
+            "answer": "C",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What does the `collections.Counter` class in Python do?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Counts occurrences of elements in an iterable",
+                "Implements a countdown timer",
+                "Tracks the number of function calls",
+                "Counts the number of objects in memory",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the output of `print(list(zip([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7])))`?",
+            "choices": [
+                "[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]",
+                "[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (None, 7)]",
+                "[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (7, None)]",
+                "Error",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is a Python decorator?",
+            "choices": [
+                "A function that takes another function and extends its behavior",
+                "A design pattern for creating objects",
+                "A tool for formatting code",
+                "A class for implementing UI elements",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the output of `print([i for i in range(10) if i % 2 == 0])`?",
+            "choices": [
+                "[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]",
+                "[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]",
+                "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]",
+                "[]",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of `__init__.py` files in Python packages?",
+            "choices": [
+                "To mark a directory as a Python package",
+                "To initialize variables when a package is imported",
+                "To document the package contents",
+                "To define package-level constants",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the output of `print(sum(range(5)))`?",
+            "choices": ["10", "15", "4", "Error"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+    ],
+    "JavaScript": [
+        {
+            "question": "What is a closure in JavaScript?",
+            "choices": [
+                "A function that remembers its lexical scope",
+                "A way to close browser windows",
+                "A method to terminate functions",
+                "A design pattern for security",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which of these is NOT a JavaScript framework/library?",
+            "choices": ["React", "Angular", "Django", "Vue"],
+            "answer": "C",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which of these is a valid way to declare a constant in JavaScript?",
+            "choices": [
+                "const PI = 3.14",
+                "constant PI = 3.14",
+                "final PI = 3.14",
+                "define PI = 3.14",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": 'What does the "this" keyword refer to in JavaScript?',
+            "choices": [
+                "The current object",
+                "The parent object",
+                "The global window object",
+                "The function itself",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the difference between `==` and `===` in JavaScript?",
+            "choices": [
+                "`==` checks equality with type conversion, `===` checks equality without type conversion",
+                "`==` checks reference equality, `===` checks value equality",
+                "`==` is used for numbers, `===` is used for strings",
+                "There is no difference",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What does the `async/await` feature do in JavaScript?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Simplifies asynchronous programming",
+                "Creates multithreaded code",
+                "Prevents memory leaks",
+                "Optimizes rendering in browsers",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the main purpose of Redux in web development?",
+            "choices": [
+                "State management",
+                "DOM manipulation",
+                "Server-side rendering",
+                "API communication",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which of the following is NOT a primitive type in JavaScript?",
+            "choices": ["number", "string", "boolean", "array"],
+            "answer": "D",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the output of `console.log(typeof null)` in JavaScript?",
+            "choices": ["'object'", "'null'", "'undefined'", "Error"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is event bubbling in JavaScript?",
+            "choices": [
+                "When an event triggers on an element and then propagates up to parent elements",
+                "When multiple events occur simultaneously",
+                "When events are queued for later execution",
+                "When events are canceled before execution",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the output of `console.log(1 + '2' + 3)` in JavaScript?",
+            "choices": ["'123'", "6", "'33'", "Error"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is a JavaScript Promise?",
+            "choices": [
+                "An object representing a future completion or failure of an asynchronous operation",
+                "A guarantee that a function will execute without errors",
+                "A contract between different parts of an application",
+                "A method for securing API endpoints",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+    ],
+    "SQL & Databases": [
+        {
+            "question": 'What does the SQL function "ROUND()" do?',
+            "choices": [
+                "Rounds a number to the nearest integer",
+                "Concatenates two or more strings",
+                "Converts a string to lowercase",
+                "Returns the length of a string",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What does ACID stand for in database systems?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability",
+                "Associativity, Commutativity, Identity, Distributivity",
+                "Authentication, Cryptography, Integrity, Decentralization",
+                "Availability, Consistency, Integration, Distribution",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of normalization in databases?",
+            "choices": [
+                "To reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity",
+                "To improve query performance",
+                "To encrypt sensitive data",
+                "To compress data and save storage space",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which SQL statement is used to retrieve data from a database?",
+            "choices": ["SELECT", "FETCH", "GET", "RETRIEVE"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What does the SQL command `GROUP BY` do?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Groups rows based on a column value",
+                "Sorts rows in ascending order",
+                "Filters rows based on a condition",
+                "Joins two tables",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of the `HAVING` clause in SQL?",
+            "choices": [
+                "To filter groups that match a condition",
+                "To join tables",
+                "To select columns",
+                "To sort results",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is a primary key in a database?",
+            "choices": [
+                "A unique identifier for each record",
+                "The first column in a table",
+                "The fastest way to query data",
+                "A mandatory field in every table",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the difference between `DELETE` and `TRUNCATE` in SQL?",
+            "choices": [
+                "`DELETE` can use WHERE condition, `TRUNCATE` removes all rows",
+                "`DELETE` is faster, `TRUNCATE` is slower",
+                "`DELETE` is for tables, `TRUNCATE` is for databases",
+                "`DELETE` is permanent, `TRUNCATE` can be rolled back",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which of these is a NoSQL database?",
+            "choices": ["MongoDB", "MySQL", "PostgreSQL", "Oracle"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is a foreign key in a relational database?",
+            "choices": [
+                "A field that links to a primary key in another table",
+                "A key used for encryption",
+                "A key that must be unique across all tables",
+                "A backup key used when the primary key fails",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of an index in a database?",
+            "choices": [
+                "To improve query performance",
+                "To enforce data integrity",
+                "To encrypt sensitive data",
+                "To compress data storage",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+    ],
+    "Algorithms & Data Structures": [
+        {
+            "question": "What is the time complexity of binary search?",
+            "choices": ["O(1)", "O(log n)", "O(n)", "O(n²)"],
+            "answer": "B",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which data structure would be most efficient for implementing a priority queue?",
+            "choices": ["Array", "Linked List", "Heap", "Stack"],
+            "answer": "C",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which of these sorting algorithms has the worst worst-case time complexity?",
+            "choices": ["Merge sort", "Quick sort", "Heap sort", "Bubble sort"],
+            "answer": "D",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "In Big O notation, which of these is the most efficient?",
+            "choices": ["O(n²)", "O(n log n)", "O(n)", "O(1)"],
+            "answer": "D",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is a recursive function?",
+            "choices": [
+                "A function that calls itself",
+                "A function that runs in the background",
+                "A function that cannot be modified",
+                "A function that returns multiple values",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which algorithm is used for finding the shortest path in a weighted graph?",
+            "choices": ["Dijkstra's algorithm", "Binary search", "Quicksort", "Depth-first search"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which of these sorting algorithms has the best average-case time complexity?",
+            "choices": ["Merge Sort", "Bubble Sort", "Insertion Sort", "Selection Sort"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which data structure follows the LIFO (Last In First Out) principle?",
+            "choices": ["Stack", "Queue", "Linked List", "Tree"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the time complexity of inserting an element into a hash table?",
+            "choices": ["O(1) average case", "O(log n)", "O(n)", "O(n²)"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the space complexity of a recursive Fibonacci implementation?",
+            "choices": ["O(n)", "O(log n)", "O(1)", "O(2^n)"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the primary advantage of a B-tree over a binary search tree?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Better performance with disk-based storage",
+                "Simpler implementation",
+                "Lower memory usage",
+                "Faster in-memory operations",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the worst-case time complexity of quicksort?",
+            "choices": ["O(n²)", "O(n log n)", "O(n)", "O(log n)"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which data structure is most suitable for implementing a dictionary?",
+            "choices": ["Hash Table", "Array", "Linked List", "Stack"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the time complexity of breadth-first search on a graph?",
+            "choices": ["O(V + E)", "O(V * E)", "O(log V)", "O(V²)"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is dynamic programming?",
+            "choices": [
+                "A method for solving complex problems by breaking them into simpler subproblems",
+                "A programming paradigm that uses dynamic typing",
+                "A technique for automatically allocating memory",
+                "A method for optimizing code at runtime",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+    ],
+    "Web Development": [
+        {
+            "question": "Which of these is NOT a RESTful API method?",
+            "choices": ["GET", "PUT", "SEARCH", "DELETE"],
+            "answer": "C",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What does CSS stand for?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Computer Style Sheets",
+                "Creative Style System",
+                "Cascading Style Sheets",
+                "Colorful Style Sheets",
+            ],
+            "answer": "C",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which protocol is used for secure web browsing?",
+            "choices": ["HTTP", "FTP", "HTTPS", "SMTP"],
+            "answer": "C",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "In CSS, which property is used to change the text color of an element?",
+            "choices": ["color", "text-color", "font-color", "text-style"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of the `useState` hook in React?",
+            "choices": [
+                "To add state to functional components",
+                "To create side effects in components",
+                "To optimize rendering performance",
+                "To handle form submissions",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What does API stand for?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Application Programming Interface",
+                "Automated Program Interaction",
+                "Application Process Integration",
+                "Advanced Programming Implementation",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is JWT used for?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Authentication and information exchange",
+                "JavaScript web testing",
+                "Java web toolkit",
+                "JSON web transformation",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which of these is NOT a valid HTTP status code?",
+            "choices": [
+                "200 OK",
+                "404 Not Found",
+                "500 Internal Server Error",
+                "600 Server Timeout",
+            ],
+            "answer": "D",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of CORS in web development?",
+            "choices": [
+                "To allow or restrict resources from being requested from another domain",
+                "To optimize CSS rendering",
+                "To compress HTTP responses",
+                "To validate HTML syntax",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the difference between localStorage and sessionStorage?",
+            "choices": [
+                "localStorage persists after browser close, sessionStorage doesn't",
+                "localStorage has a smaller storage limit than sessionStorage",
+                "localStorage is encrypted, sessionStorage isn't",
+                "localStorage is for text only, sessionStorage can store objects",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of a service worker in web development?",
+            "choices": [
+                "To enable offline functionality and background processing",
+                "To manage server-side rendering",
+                "To optimize database queries",
+                "To handle user authentication",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of the `<meta viewport>` tag?",
+            "choices": [
+                "To control the viewport's size and scale for responsive design",
+                "To improve SEO rankings",
+                "To define metadata for social media sharing",
+                "To specify the character encoding of the document",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+    ],
+    "Software Engineering & DevOps": [
+        {
+            "question": "Which design pattern is used when you need to create objects without specifying their concrete classes?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Observer Pattern",
+                "Factory Pattern",
+                "Singleton Pattern",
+                "Decorator Pattern",
+            ],
+            "answer": "B",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": 'In version control, what does "git rebase" do?',
+            "choices": [
+                "Integrates changes from one branch onto another",
+                "Reverts all changes to the last commit",
+                "Creates a new branch",
+                "Deletes the remote repository",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What does the command `docker run` do?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Creates and starts a container",
+                "Builds a Docker image",
+                "Lists running containers",
+                "Stops a running container",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of containerization technologies like Docker?",
+            "choices": [
+                "To package applications with all dependencies",
+                "To create virtual machines",
+                "To encrypt sensitive data",
+                "To compress code for distribution",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What does MVC stand for in software architecture?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Model-View-Controller",
+                "Multiple-Version-Control",
+                "Most-Valuable-Component",
+                "Managed-Virtual-Container",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What does the `git pull` command do?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Fetches changes from a remote repository and merges them",
+                "Uploads local changes to a remote repository",
+                "Creates a new branch",
+                "Lists all commits",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of a load balancer?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Distributes network traffic across multiple servers",
+                "Increases the speed of database queries",
+                "Manages memory allocation in applications",
+                "Compresses data before storage",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which of these is NOT a principle of SOLID?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Single responsibility",
+                "Open/closed",
+                "Liskov substitution",
+                "Dynamic typing",
+            ],
+            "answer": "D",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of Continuous Integration (CI)?",
+            "choices": [
+                "To automatically build and test code changes",
+                "To deploy applications to production",
+                "To monitor application performance",
+                "To manage database migrations",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the difference between CI and CD?",
+            "choices": [
+                "CI is about integration and testing; CD is about delivery or deployment",
+                "CI is for code; CD is for databases",
+                "CI is manual; CD is automated",
+                "CI is for development; CD is for production only",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Managing infrastructure through code and automation",
+                "Writing code that runs on multiple platforms",
+                "Converting legacy systems to modern code",
+                "Implementing code reviews for infrastructure teams",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of a Kubernetes pod?",
+            "choices": [
+                "The smallest deployable unit that can contain one or more containers",
+                "A storage volume for container data",
+                "A network interface for container communication",
+                "A security policy for container isolation",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of a blue-green deployment?",
+            "choices": [
+                "To reduce downtime and risk by running two identical environments",
+                "To separate development and production environments",
+                "To implement color-coded security levels",
+                "To optimize resource usage in cloud environments",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+    ],
+    "Programming Concepts": [
+        {
+            "question": "What is the result of `5 & 3` in binary operations?",
+            "choices": ["1", "7", "8", "15"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of the `static` keyword in Java?",
+            "choices": [
+                "It makes a variable or method belong to the class, not instances",
+                "It prevents a class from being inherited",
+                "It restricts access to a method or variable",
+                "It makes a variable unchangeable",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "In OOP, what is encapsulation?",
+            "choices": [
+                "The bundling of data and methods that operate on that data",
+                "The ability of a class to inherit from multiple classes",
+                "The hiding of implementation details",
+                "The ability of objects to take different forms",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which language is primarily used for iOS development?",
+            "choices": ["Java", "Swift", "C#", "Kotlin"],
+            "answer": "B",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the difference between TCP and UDP?",
+            "choices": [
+                "TCP is connection-oriented; UDP is connectionless",
+                "TCP is secure; UDP is not",
+                "TCP is faster; UDP is more reliable",
+                "TCP is for web; UDP is for email",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which of these is NOT a primitive data type in Java?",
+            "choices": ["int", "float", "String", "char"],
+            "answer": "C",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is a memory leak?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Memory allocated that is never freed",
+                "When a program uses too much memory",
+                "When memory is corrupted by a virus",
+                "When cache memory overflows",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of the `virtual` keyword in C++?",
+            "choices": [
+                "It allows a method to be overridden in derived classes",
+                "It makes a class abstract",
+                "It restricts a class from being instantiated",
+                "It optimizes method calls at compile time",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the key feature of a blockchain?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Distributed immutable ledger",
+                "Centralized data storage",
+                "Fast transaction processing",
+                "Unlimited scalability",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "Which protocol is used for sending emails?",
+            "choices": ["SMTP", "HTTP", "FTP", "SSH"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the difference between a thread and a process?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Threads share memory space; processes have separate memory",
+                "Threads run on multiple CPUs; processes run on a single CPU",
+                "Threads are for I/O operations; processes are for computation",
+                "Threads are managed by the application; processes by the OS",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of a mutex?",
+            "choices": [
+                "To ensure only one thread can access a resource at a time",
+                "To speed up multi-threaded operations",
+                "To allocate memory dynamically",
+                "To compress data for transmission",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the difference between a stack and a heap in memory management?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Stack is for static memory allocation; heap is for dynamic allocation",
+                "Stack is slower; heap is faster",
+                "Stack is for global variables; heap is for local variables",
+                "Stack is managed by the OS; heap by the application",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+    ],
+    "C & C++": [
+        {
+            "question": 'What is the output of this C code?\nint x = 5;\nprintf("%d", x++);\n',
+            "choices": ["5", "6", "4", "Error"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is a pointer in C?",
+            "choices": [
+                "A variable that stores the address of another variable",
+                "A variable that can point to multiple values",
+                "A function that returns multiple values",
+                "A special type of array",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What does the `const` keyword do in C++?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Declares that a variable or function cannot be modified",
+                "Creates a constant expression",
+                "Defines a compile-time constant",
+                "All of the above",
+            ],
+            "answer": "D",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the difference between `new` and `malloc` in C++?",
+            "choices": [
+                "`new` calls constructors, `malloc` doesn't",
+                "`new` is faster than `malloc`",
+                "`new` is for arrays, `malloc` is for single objects",
+                "`new` is deprecated in modern C++",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of the `volatile` keyword in C?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Tells the compiler that a variable may change unexpectedly",
+                "Makes a variable thread-safe",
+                "Prevents a variable from being optimized",
+                "Stores the variable in non-volatile memory",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is a memory leak in C++?",
+            "choices": [
+                "When memory is allocated with `new` but not freed with `delete`",
+                "When a program uses more memory than available",
+                "When memory is corrupted by buffer overflow",
+                "When memory is accessed after being freed",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": 'What is the output of this C code?\nint a = 10, b = 5;\nprintf("%d", a | b);\n',
+            "choices": ["15", "0", "5", "10"],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the purpose of the `inline` keyword in C++?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Suggests that the compiler replace function calls with the function body",
+                "Forces a function to be defined in a header file",
+                "Makes a function thread-safe",
+                "Prevents a function from being overridden",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+        {
+            "question": "What is the difference between a struct and a class in C++?",
+            "choices": [
+                "Members are public by default in struct, private in class",
+                "Structs cannot have methods, classes can",
+                "Structs are for POD types, classes for objects",
+                "Structs cannot be inherited from, classes can",
+            ],
+            "answer": "A",
+        },
+    ],
+}