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_type: few_shot | |
example_prompt: | |
_type: prompt | |
input_types: {} | |
input_variables: | |
- content_chunk | |
- notes | |
- rules | |
metadata: null | |
name: null | |
output_parser: null | |
partial_variables: {} | |
tags: null | |
template: "\n<Content Chunk> {content_chunk}\n \n<Rules> {rules}\n \n<Notes> {notes}\n" | |
template_format: f-string | |
validate_template: false | |
example_selector: null | |
example_separator: ' | |
' | |
examples: | |
- content_chunk: "The cyclic redundancy check codes are popularly employed in LANs\ | |
\ and WANs for error correction. The principle of operation of CRC encoders and\ | |
\ decoders can be better explained with the following examples. CRC is the most\ | |
\ powerful and easy to implement technique.CRC is based on binary division. In\ | |
\ CRC, a sequence of redundant bits, are appended to the end of data unit so that\ | |
\ the resulting data unit becomes exactly divisible by a second, predetermined\ | |
\ binary number. At the destination, the incoming data unit is divided by the\ | |
\ same number. If at this step there is no remainder, the data unit is assumed\ | |
\ to be correct and is therefore accepted. A remainder indicates that the data\ | |
\ unit has been damaged in transit and therefore must be rejected. The binary\ | |
\ number, which is (r+1) bit in length, can also be considered as the coefficients\ | |
\ of a polynomial, called Generator Polynomial. PERFORMANCE OF CRC CRC is a very\ | |
\ effective error detection technique. If the divisor is chosen according to the\ | |
\ previously mentioned rules, its performance can be summarized as follows. CRC\ | |
\ can detect all single-bit errors and double bit errors (three 1\u2019s). CRC\ | |
\ can detect any odd number of errors (X+1) and it can also detect all burst errors\ | |
\ of less than the degree of the polynomial. 1. The Sender follows the given steps:\ | |
\ 2. The block unit is divided into k sections, and each of n bits. 3. \ | |
\ 4. 5. All the k sections are added together by using one's complement to\ | |
\ get the sum. The sum is complemented and it becomes the checksum field. \ | |
\ The original data and checksum field are sent across the network. Checksum\ | |
\ Checker A Checksum is verified at the receiving side. The receiver subdivides\ | |
\ the incoming data into equal segments of n bits each, and all these segments\ | |
\ are added together, and then this sum is complemented. If the complement of\ | |
\ the sum is zero, then the data is accepted otherwise data is rejected. 1. The\ | |
\ Receiver follows the given steps: 2. The block unit is divided into k sections\ | |
\ and each of n bits. 3. 4. 5. All the k sections are added together by\ | |
\ using one's complement algorithm to get the sum. The sum is complemented.\ | |
\ If the result of the sum is zero, then the data is accepted otherwise the\ | |
\ data is discarded. Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) CRC is a redundancy error\ | |
\ technique used to determine the error. Following are the steps used in CRC for\ | |
\ error detection: - In CRC technique, a string of n 0s is appended to the data\ | |
\ unit, and this n number is less than the number of bits in a predetermined number,\ | |
\ known as division which is n+1 bits. - Secondly, the newly extended data is\ | |
\ divided by a divisor using a process is known as binary division. The remainder\ | |
\ generated from this division is known as CRC remainder. - Thirdly, the CRC remainder\ | |
\ replaces the appended 0s at the end of the original data. This newly generated\ | |
\ unit is sent to the receiver. - The receiver receives the data followed by the\ | |
\ CRC remainder. The receiver will treat this whole unit as a single unit, and\ | |
\ it is divided by the same divisor that was used to find the CRC remainder. If\ | |
\ the resultant of this division is zero which means that it has no error, and\ | |
\ the data is accepted. If the resultant of this division is not zero which means\ | |
\ that the data consists of an error. Therefore, the data is discarded." | |
notes: "# CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) Encoder and Decoder \n- They are popularly\ | |
\ employed in LANs and WANs for error correction. \n- Based on binary division\ | |
\ - a sequence of redundant bits are appended to the end of the data unit so that\ | |
\ the resulting data unit becomes exactly divisible by a predetermined binary\ | |
\ number.\n- At destination, if there is no remainder, it is assumed to be correct.\ | |
\ A remainder indicates data unit is damaged and therefore rejected. \n- The binary\ | |
\ number (r+1 bits by length) can be considered coefficients of a polynomial,\ | |
\ called Generator Polynomial. \n- It is very effective, since it can detect all\ | |
\ single-bit errors and double bit errors, odd number of errors and also burst\ | |
\ errors of lesser degree than the polynomial. \n- It consists of two components,\ | |
\ a generator and a checker.\n 1. **CRC Generator**: uses modulo 2 division.\ | |
\ n 0s are appended to the end if divisor contains n+1 units. The remainder generated\ | |
\ is called CRC remainder which replaces the appended string of 0s with itself\ | |
\ and the final string is sent across the network.\n 2. **CRC Checker:** performs\ | |
\ modulo 2 division to the number received from generator by the same divisor,\ | |
\ and data is accepted if remainder is zero. \n\n- **CRC Algorithm:**\n 1. Append\ | |
\ a string of n 0s to the data unit, where n < the predetermined number of bits\ | |
\ in the divisor (n+1 bits).\n 2. Perform binary division between the extended\ | |
\ data and the divisor to obtain the CRC remainder.\n 3. Replace the appended\ | |
\ 0s at the end of the original data with the CRC remainder.\n 4. Transmit the\ | |
\ newly generated unit to the receiver.\n 5. Upon reception, treat the data and\ | |
\ CRC remainder as a single unit and divide it by the same divisor used earlier\ | |
\ to determine the CRC remainder." | |
rules: "- Follow the Markdown format for creating notes as shown in the example.\ | |
\ \n - The heading of the content should be the title of the markdown file. \n\ | |
\ - Create subheadings for each section. \n - Use numbered bullet points for each\ | |
\ point." | |
- content_chunk: "Meaning/Defination: A content delivery network (CDN) is a group\ | |
\ of geographically\ndistributed servers that speed up the delivery of web content\ | |
\ by bringing it closer to where\nusers are.\n\_It is a network of strategically\ | |
\ positioned servers aimed at enhancing the speed and\ndependability of delivering\ | |
\ content to users in different locations. These servers store cached\ncopies\ | |
\ of content, ranging from web pages to videos, guaranteeing that when a user\ | |
\ makes\na request, it\u2019s served from the closest server available. This reduces\ | |
\ delays and speeds up\nloading times.\nWhen a user requests specific content,\ | |
\ CDN architecture comes into play. It directs the\nrequest to the nearest server,\ | |
\ taking into account factors like server health and proximity.\nThis approach\ | |
\ minimizes data travel distance, resulting in fast and efficient content delivery.\n\ | |
Analogy: You could think of a CDN like an ATM. If your money were only available\ | |
\ from one\nbank in town, you\u2019d have to make a time-consuming trip and stand\ | |
\ in a long line every time\nyou wanted to withdraw cash. However, with a cash\ | |
\ machine on practically every corner,\nyou have fast and easy access to your\ | |
\ money any time you need it.\n\nWhat is The Use of a Content Distribution Network?\n\ | |
CDNs are designed to optimize the delivery of web content, and some of the main\n\ | |
advantages that they provide to a company and its users include:\n\uF0B7 Faster\ | |
\ Load Times:\_CDNs cache content geographically close to its users,\ndecreasing\ | |
\ the distance that requests and responses need to travel.\_ As a result,\nusers\ | |
\ experience faster load times for webpages, which can increase conversions\n\ | |
and decrease bounce rates. How does a CDN improve page load time?: As\nmentioned\ | |
\ earlier, it is a globally distributed network of servers that store (commonly\n\ | |
referred to as "cache") and deliver some or all of your website's\ | |
\ content. Each of\nthese servers in the CDN's network is called a Point of\ | |
\ Presence (PoP) or an edge\nserver.\n\uF0B7 Reduced Bandwidth Costs:\_Serving\ | |
\ all requested content from the origin server\nrequires significant bandwidth\ | |
\ and processing power at the origin. CDNs reduce load\nand bandwidth requirements\ | |
\ at the bandwidth by caching static content and\nperforming other optimizations.\ | |
\ Of course, this helps to greatly reduce costs.\n\uF0B7 Improved Availability\ | |
\ and Redundancy:\_Reliance on centralized infrastructure \u2014\nsuch as serving\ | |
\ all content from the origin server \u2014 increases the risk of downtime\ndue\ | |
\ to hardware failures, network outages, and other events. CDNs distribute content\n\ | |
and requests across multiple locations, reducing the impact of a localized outage.\n\ | |
With a CDN coming into the picture, it does two things. One, a lot of traffic\ | |
\ doesn't\neven come to your servers. The edge server of the CDN serves a\ | |
\ lot of content from\nits cache. So, you need a slightly fewer number of servers.\n\ | |
Second, as long as the content is available in the CDNs cache, even if your actual\ | |
\ servers\nare not working, the CDN will keep serving the content. This gives\ | |
\ you some buffer time to\nfix issues on your servers while the CDN serves whatever\ | |
\ content it can from its cache.\n\n\uF0B7 Enhanced Website Security:\_In addition\ | |
\ to optimizing access to web content, a\nCDN may incorporate security functionality.\_\ | |
\ By blocking distributed denial-of-service\n(DDoS) attacks, enhancing digital\ | |
\ certificate security, and other security controls,\nCDNs can reduce the probability\ | |
\ and impact of a cyberattack.\n\uF0B7 Web security: if a CDN can isolate bad\ | |
\ traffic from good traffic, it can stop all the\nbad traffic from coming to your\ | |
\ servers. Your servers only respond to the "good"\nrequests coming\ | |
\ from actual users." | |
notes: "# CDNs\n- A content delivery network (CDN) is a group of geographically\ | |
\ distributed servers that speed up the delivery of web content by bringing it\ | |
\ closer to where users are. \n- It is a network of strategically positioned servers\ | |
\ aimed at enhancing the speed and dependability of delivering content to users\ | |
\ in different locations. \n- These servers store cached copies of content, ranging\ | |
\ from web pages to videos, guaranteeing that when a user makes a request, it\u2019\ | |
s served from the closest server available. This reduces delays and speeds up\ | |
\ loading times.\n- When a user requests specific content, CDN architecture comes\ | |
\ into play. It directs the request to the nearest server, taking into account\ | |
\ factors like server health and proximity. This approach minimizes data travel\ | |
\ distance, resulting in fast and efficient content delivery.\n- CDNs are designed\ | |
\ to optimize the delivery of web content, and some of the main advantages that\ | |
\ they provide to a company and its users include:\n- Faster Load Times:\_CDNs\ | |
\ cache content geographically close to its users, decreasing the distance that\ | |
\ requests and responses need to travel.\_ As a result, users experience faster\ | |
\ load times for webpages, which can increase conversions and decrease bounce\ | |
\ rates. How does a CDN improve page load time?: As mentioned earlier, it is a\ | |
\ globally distributed network of servers that store (commonly referred to as\ | |
\ \"cache\") and deliver some or all of your website's content. Each of these\ | |
\ servers in the CDN's network is called a Point of Presence (PoP) or an edge\ | |
\ server.\n- **Reduced Bandwidth Costs:**\_Serving all requested content from\ | |
\ the origin server requires significant bandwidth and processing power at the\ | |
\ origin. CDNs reduce load and bandwidth requirements at the bandwidth by caching\ | |
\ static content and performing other optimizations. Of course, this helps to\ | |
\ greatly reduce costs.\n- **Improved Availability and Redundancy:**\_Reliance\ | |
\ on centralized infrastructure \u2014 such as serving all content from the origin\ | |
\ server \u2014 increases the risk of downtime due to hardware failures, network\ | |
\ outages, and other events. CDNs distribute content and requests across multiple\ | |
\ locations, reducing the impact of a localized outage. With a CDN coming into\ | |
\ the picture, it does two things. One, a lot of traffic doesn't even come\ | |
\ to your servers. The edge server of the CDN serves a lot of content from its\ | |
\ cache. So, you need a slightly fewer number of servers.\n- Second, as long as\ | |
\ the content is available in the CDNs cache, even if your actual servers are\ | |
\ not working, the CDN will keep serving the content. This gives you some buffer\ | |
\ time to fix issues on your servers while the CDN serves whatever content it\ | |
\ can from its cache.\n- Enhanced Website Security:\_In addition to optimizing\ | |
\ access to web content, a CDN may incorporate security functionality.\_ By blocking\ | |
\ distributed denial-of-service(DDoS) attacks, enhancing digital certificate security,\ | |
\ and other security controls, CDNs can reduce the probability and impact of a\ | |
\ cyberattack.\n- Web security: if a CDN can isolate bad traffic from good traffic,\ | |
\ it can stop all the bad traffic from coming to your servers. Your servers only\ | |
\ respond to the \"good\" requests coming from actual users. " | |
rules: "- Follow the Markdown format for creating notes as shown in the example.\ | |
\ \n - The heading of the content should be the title of the markdown file. \n\ | |
\ - Create subheadings for each section. \n - Use numbered bullet points for each\ | |
\ point." | |
input_types: {} | |
input_variables: | |
- content_chunk | |
- rules | |
metadata: null | |
name: null | |
output_parser: null | |
partial_variables: {} | |
prefix: ' | |
You are assigned a task to create notes for a student. | |
You have to create notes based on the below content chunk which is part if a huger | |
document. | |
Note to follow the rules given below. | |
' | |
suffix: "\n<Content Chunk> {content_chunk}\n \n<Rules> {rules}\n \n<Notes>\n" | |
tags: null | |
template_format: f-string | |
validate_template: false | |