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2019_1_test.csv

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What We Know About The American Russia Has Detained On Spying Allegations The U.S. and Russia are beginning the new year much like they ended last year — with a note of friction. Russia is detaining an American and is accusing him of spying.

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2019_1_test.csv0 53010215 1 59549287 2 59633617 3 52963105 4 18321756 ... 162989 4829910 162990 4889401 162991 4884295 162992 4760206 162993 4533244 Name: id, Length: 162994, dtype: int64

The nerdiest New Year's party in the solar system happened 4 billion miles from Earth, where a lone, intrepid spacecraft just flew past the farthest object humans have ever explored. There was no champagne in this dim and distant region, where a halo of icy worlds called the Kuiper belt circles the outermost edge of the solar system. There were no renditions of "Auld Lang Syne" (in space, no one can hear you sing). But there was a minivan-size spacecraft called New Horizons. And there was a puny, primitive object called Ultima Thule, a rocky relic of the solar system's origins, whose name means "beyond the borders of the known world." At New Horizon's birthplace, the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, scores of space scientists gathered Tuesday morning to wait for the signal confirming that New Horizons had survived its encounter with Ultima Thule. The call came at 10:31 a.m. Eastern: The spacecraft's systems were working. Its cameras and recorder were pointed in the right direction. "We have a healthy spacecraft," mission operations manager Alice Bowman announced. "We have just completed the most distant flyby. We are ready for Ultima Thule science transmission - science to help us understand the origins of our solar system." At mission control, and in an APL auditorium where the rest of the science team was watching, people jumped from their seats and broke into cheers. The borders of the known world had just been pushed a little bit farther. It had been 30 years since the mission to the outer reaches of the solar system was first conceived. Thirteen years since New Horizons launched from Kennedy Space Center, speeding away from Earth faster than any probe had traveled before. Three years since the spacecraft's famous and fateful encounter with Pluto, when it revealed the distant dwarf planet to be a complex and colorful world. And it had been 10 hours since 12:33 a.m., when the spacecraft was supposed to make the closest approach to its target. "At this moment, while we're speaking, New Horizons is taking its riskiest observation," project scientist Alan Stern said in the early hours of Tuesday morning. Most other Earthlings had already counted down til midnight and popped their champagne, but at APL, the assembled scientists, their family and friends were still waiting. Way out in the Kuiper belt, they knew, Ultima Thule was growing larger in New Horizon's field of view, glowing like a full moon. "Thirty seconds to flyby," Stern said. "Are you ready? Are you psyched? Are you jazzed?" Twenty seconds. Ten. And then Stern raised his hand in the air while confetti fell from the ceiling. The crowd cheered. "New Horizons is at Ultima Thule," Stern proclaimed. Or so he hoped. The spacecraft was still too busy conducting observations to send any information home. When it did beam out a status update, the immense distance from Ultima Thule meant it took more than six hours for the light to reach Earth. The scientists did not know until Tuesday morning whether New Horizons had succeeded. It will take days to resolve the first sharp images, and months for all the data collected during the encounter to finally stream down. But somewhere out in the dusky, dusty expanse of the Kuiper belt, New Horizons is already speeding further into the distance, Ultima Thule shrinking in the rear view. This is the biggest and busiest moment for the New Horizons team since its spacecraft soared past Pluto three years ago, capturing detailed close-up photos of the distant dwarf planet. Helene Winters, the mission's project manager, said spacecraft operators have been subsisting on chocolate and sleeping on air mattresses at the APL so they could make the most of every minute until New Horizons reached its target. Navigators kept a watchful eye out for potential hazards, which can be hard to spot in this faraway corner of the solar system. Asked whether she thought she would be able to sleep Monday night, Winters laughed. "Ask me again tomorrow." The following morning, New Horizons's operators sat in mission control, anxious. Data from the Deep Space Network, a chain of radio antennas NASA uses to communicate with distant spacecraft, was displayed on their screens. Bowman sat with her hands folded, leaning toward her computer. "In lock with telemetry," Bowman said. In the APL auditorium, where the rest of the team and their families were watching, the crowd erupted in cheers. Next came the status check: Planning - nominal. Power - green. Solid state recorders - pointed right where NASA wanted them. The spacecraft was healthy. New Horizons had done it. Bowman grinned. It was a fitting end to a celebration that began the night before. The scene at APL was somewhere between a New Year's party, a scientific conference, and a comic book convention. Researchers gave talks about the history of the early solar system. Scientists and their guests munched on crudités in a room lit with sparkling blue lights. Small children up long past their bedtimes scurried between chairs and sneaked cookies from the buffet. "This is like a dream come true," said Chuck Fields, a podcast producer from Indianapolis who drove nine hours to attend Monday's event. He was dressed in a blindingly bright blazer and tie bearing images of planets, galaxies and the sun. His wife, Dawn, wore matching pants. "You can find anything on Amazon," Dawn said with a laugh. "Alan (Stern) said this was going to be a celebration," Chuck added. "So it was like, okay, let's celebrate!" Benjamin Holder, 5, pored over an image of New Horizons and the distant rock it was due to encounter. "I used to have a cat named Toolie," Benjamin said. "But the Thule rock that you're looking for is not named after my cat." His uncle, Erik Lessac-Chenen, stifled a laugh. As a member of the spacecraft's optical-navigation team, he had devoted the better part of the past year and a half to tracking down that "Thule rock." NASA nodded to the (entirely coincidental) timing of the encounter by counting down to 12 a.m. and distributing plastic cups of champagne. Then astrophysicist Brian May, better known as lead guitarist for the rock band Queen, debuted a song he wrote for the occasion. "I'm not nervous," Stern said, with minutes to go until the encounter. "No, no, no. We'll find out how it all went in the morning."

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2019_1_test.csv0 53010215 1 59549287 2 59633617 3 52963105 4 18321756 ... 162989 4829910 162990 4889401 162991 4884295 162992 4760206 162993 4533244 Name: id, Length: 162994, dtype: int64

Chicago journalist Steven Lattimore worked in several smaller markets before returning to work as a reporter at WBBM-Ch. 2 in the early 2000s, not long before he began a career teaching journalism at Columbia College in Chicago. Lattimore was hired in 2000 to work on the launch of a newscast that teamed young reporters with some more experienced journalists as part of a newscast that covered the day’s news but also tried to dig deeper, former colleague Carol Marin said. “He was part of that effort,” Marin said. “He was always trying to make it better, refine what he was doing and always open to suggestions. His openness would make him a really great professor.” Lattimore, 55, died of natural causes Dec. 20 after collapsing in his Lansing home, according to his son, Jeffrey Wright. After graduating from Columbia in 1988 with a bachelor’s degree in journalism, he worked in various broadcasting markets including Greenville, Miss., Juneau, Alaska, and Tupelo, Miss. In the mid-1990s, while working at WAVY-TV in Norfolk, Va., he met Lisa Parker, then a cub reporter but now known for her work at NBC-Ch.5 in Chicago. In Norfolk, Lattimore “cut such a big impression in that newsroom,” Parker said. “Just motivational,” she said of Lattimore. “A larger-than-life Chicago-born and raised journalist.” Much of his motivational style was built around what Parker called “Lattimorisms,” short sayings delivered with intensity, Parker said. “Whose team are you on?” he would challenge colleagues he thought needed to step up their game. If he thought someone was not properly preparing or attending to business, the phrase was “they’re coming over the walls.” Parker said Lattimore used those sayings with his kids, in the newsroom and in the classroom. His son confirmed that, saying one of his dad’s favorites if he thought someone wasn’t trying hard enough was to ask, “You know who’s hiring? McDonald’s is hiring.” Parker said it was effective motivation for a group of people working together, but not really cheerleading. “More like a surly coach,” she said. “You loved him, but you also wanted him to be on your side.” Lattimore began life on the West Side of Chicago, then moved with his family to Englewood. He went on to Columbia after graduating from Leo Catholic High School. In addition to his staff reporting work, he took on many freelance projects, including special news reports and documentaries. One of those was a 2003 special report on AIDS in Africa. That reporting took him to Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania to report on conditions and governmental issues related to the epidemic. He also did extensive work reporting on recovery efforts in the New Orleans area following Hurricane Katrina. Closer to home and more recently he was a general assignment reporter for Lakeshore Public Radio, based in Merrillville, Ind. Eric Scholl, interim chair of Columbia’s cinema and television arts department, said Lattimore taught in the school’s broadcast journalism program, bringing his real-world experience to his students. Lattimore taught a class in creating a television news package and a basic class in broadcast journalism. “People who came to those classes found him to be incredibly inspiring because he brought what he did best, which was chasing down news stories and reporting them, to the classroom,” Scholl said. He used some of those Lattimorisms in his classes. “He was demanding,” Scholl said. “And he also was preparing them for life in a newsroom which is deadline-based and which expects quality. He expected people to deliver.” In 2010, Kiera Ellis was a student in Lattimore’s class on putting together a news package, she said. “He was very direct and honest with us about what the real world of journalism looks like,” said Ellis, now director of external affairs for Cook County State’s Attorney Kim Foxx. Ellis said the class is the second in the broadcast journalism track and Lattimore challenged his students to evaluate their commitment to the profession. “He’d say, ‘if you don’t want to do this, if you can’t make it here, McDonald’s is always hiring,’ ” she said. Parker said Lattimore was a teddy bear with a huge and caring heart. “I think he found his peace and his calling in Chicago in the classroom,” she said. “Influencing the next generation of reporters was really important to him.” In addition to his son, Lattimore is survived by his mother, Barbara; his wife, Robin Tatum-Lattimore; a daughter, Maya Tatum-Lattimore; another son, Aaron Wright; two sisters Angela and Beverly; a brother, Kermit; and three grandchildren. Services were held. Graydon Megan is a freelance reporter.

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2019_1_test.csv0 53010215 1 59549287 2 59633617 3 52963105 4 18321756 ... 162989 4829910 162990 4889401 162991 4884295 162992 4760206 162993 4533244 Name: id, Length: 162994, dtype: int64

Kim Jong Un Wants New Summit With Trump, But Also Issues A Veiled Warning Enlarge this image toggle caption Ahn Young-joon/AP Ahn Young-joon/AP In a New Year's address on Tuesday, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un said he is eager to renew face-to-face negotiations with President Trump after a bilateral summit in June, but suggested that he could ramp up nuclear weapons development if the U.S. does not end economic sanctions against Pyongyang. In the speech broadcast on state television, Kim said he is ready to meet Trump at any time to forge an agreement "welcomed by the international community." However, if the U.S. did not "keep its promise made in front of the whole world" and instead "insists on sanctions and pressures" on North Korea, "we may be left with no choice but to consider a new way to safeguard our sovereignty and interests." After months of bitter acrimony and public name-calling between the two leaders, Trump and Kim met in Singapore in June. At the summit, the president hailed a new beginning in U.S.-North Korea relations and an end to Pyongyang's nuclear program. Since then, the North has halted nuclear and ballistic missile tests. However, the summit produced little in the way of concrete progress toward denuclearization. Kim urged the U.S. to take "sincere measures and corresponding action" in response to North Korea's peace initiatives. In October, the president said he wanted to hold a fresh summit with Kim after the midterms, but did not specify a date. "It is the unwavering position of our party and the republic's government and my firm will that the two countries as declared in the June 12 joint statement ... take steps to establish a permanent and stable peace regime and push toward the complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula," Kim said. Although Kim's address — which is an annual tradition in North Korea — is aimed mainly at a domestic audience, international observers parse his words to get a sense of the secretive Pyongyang regime's intentions. As The Associated Press notes, North Korea "over the past months has accused Washington of failing to take corresponding measures following the North's unilateral dismantlement of a nuclear testing ground and suspension of nuclear and long-range missile tests." North Korea expert Bob Carlin, speaking at a conference call run by 38North.org, noted the possible significance of Kim proclaiming that the North is no longer producing nuclear weapons. "This thing about halting production is new," said Carlin, a non-resident fellow at the Stimson Center and Visiting Scholar at the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. "It was in my mind quite extraordinary all the attention [Kim] paid to the question of negotiations with the United States," Carlin said. Following the June summit, reports based on satellite imagery suggested that North Korea was continuing or expanding its ballistic missile production. Just a month after the Trump-Kim summit, The Wall Street Journal, citing analysis satellite images, said Pyongyang was expanding a facility for building solid-fuel ballistic missiles. Separately, The Washington Post, also citing satellite data, said the North was stepping up ICBM production. Earlier this month, CNN reported evidence that a North Korean missile base near the Chinese border was also being expanded.

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2019_1_test.csv0 53010215 1 59549287 2 59633617 3 52963105 4 18321756 ... 162989 4829910 162990 4889401 162991 4884295 162992 4760206 162993 4533244 Name: id, Length: 162994, dtype: int64

Video UN peacekeeper Major Michelle Kayanda from Zambia tells us about life as a female peacekeeper in the Central African Republic. Video produced by Trystan Young Listen to BBC World Service's Newsday programme on the iPlayer.

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France Rang In The New Year Under A Cloud Of Heavy Security Security forces were deployed nationwide to protect against New Year's Eve violence. The Champs Elysees in Paris was under extra watch after Yellow Vest protesters said they would join revelers.

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2019_1_test.csv0 53010215 1 59549287 2 59633617 3 52963105 4 18321756 ... 162989 4829910 162990 4889401 162991 4884295 162992 4760206 162993 4533244 Name: id, Length: 162994, dtype: int64

As 2019 Begins, Trump And Democrats Disagree Over Government Funding President Trump welcomed the new year with a promise of a further fight with the Democrats, who have a plan to re-open the government that does not include funding for his border wall.

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2019_1_test.csv0 53010215 1 59549287 2 59633617 3 52963105 4 18321756 ... 162989 4829910 162990 4889401 162991 4884295 162992 4760206 162993 4533244 Name: id, Length: 162994, dtype: int64

After Synagogue Shooting, Pittsburgh Rabbi On What Keeps Him Hopeful Noel King talks to Rabbi Jeffrey Myers, who was leading the Tree of Life Synagogue community in prayer when a gunman opened fire, killing 11 people. He says hate will not close his synagogue.

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2019_1_test.csv0 53010215 1 59549287 2 59633617 3 52963105 4 18321756 ... 162989 4829910 162990 4889401 162991 4884295 162992 4760206 162993 4533244 Name: id, Length: 162994, dtype: int64

Here's What Could Be Ahead In The Russia Investigations In 2019 Enlarge this image toggle caption Evan Vucci/AP Evan Vucci/AP The Russia imbroglio is barreling into another year that could deliver even more revelations and political heat than the last one — and maybe even a big finale. The criminal cases of several key players are unresolved, new charges could be ripe and House Democrats are set to sweep into Washington with huge ambitions about how to use their investigative and oversight powers now that they wield the majority. Here's what you need to know: Big cases still unresolved Three of President Trump's former top aides are waiting to be sentenced after reaching plea agreements with prosecutors. Trump's former campaign chairman, Paul Manafort, first was convicted in a bank and tax fraud trial in Virginia, then pleaded guilty to avoid a second federal trial in a separate conspiracy case in Washington, D.C. But the Justice Department said its cooperation agreement with Manafort had broken down over what the government said were lies Manafort had told investigators. Manafort is scheduled to be sentenced early in 2019. Will he and his lawyers try to salvage their relationship with prosecutors so that the government asks the judge in the case to be lenient? And, if not, will Manafort's sentencing hearing include new details about the core question that special counsel Robert Mueller's office is investigating: Did Trump's campaign conspire with the Russians who attacked the 2016 presidential election? Trump's former national security adviser, Michael Flynn, was scheduled to be sentenced in December, but a federal judge in that case instead delayed the decision. Enlarge this image toggle caption Saul Loeb/AFP/Getty Images Saul Loeb/AFP/Getty Images Now Flynn has no date scheduled for his sentencing. Instead, he and the government have been ordered to give Judge Emmet Sullivan a status update in March. This means Flynn may give even more cooperation to the Justice Department beyond the more than 60 hours of meetings and other materials he's provided so far. In fact, he could appear as a witness for the prosecution in a case the government is making against two of Flynn's former business partners, who have been charged in a scheme to smear an enemy of the Turkish government. So if all goes well for Flynn, serving as a government witness may be the cherry on the sundae and make the judge more inclined to show leniency in his ultimate sentence. Trump's former deputy campaign chairman, Rick Gates, so far has no sentencing date scheduled. He's been cooperating with prosecutors since he pleaded guilty to charges connected with Manafort and served as the star witness against his former mentor in the Virginia trial last summer. The Justice Department has asked a judge not to schedule a sentencing hearing for Gates because he's cooperating with so much of its work, much of which still appears to be behind the scenes. When, or if, Gates is sentenced in 2019 could be an important milestone in the investigation. New charges? There have been many suggestions about new charges by the special counsel's office. They might target political consultant Roger Stone — who has told NPR he thinks he'll be indicted — or associates of his such as the conservative commentator Jerome Corsi — who told MSNBC he walked away from a plea deal offered by Mueller's team. Stone and Corsi both deny they engaged in any wrongdoing. Enlarge this image toggle caption Drew Angerer/Getty Images Drew Angerer/Getty Images In December, the House intelligence committee voted to release to the executive branch a transcript of Stone's testimony before the panel. That move fueled speculation that Mueller might be preparing to charge Stone with lying to Congress, although there's still been no official indication. Stone and his associates are thought to be potential connections between Trump's campaign and WikiLeaks, which released an avalanche of data stolen by Russian intelligence from political targets including the Democratic National Committee and Hillary Clinton's campaign chairman. Stone and Corsi have suggested they won't give evidence against Trump and Stone has invoked his 5th Amendment privilege not to submit to an interview or provide documents in response to requests from the top Democrat on the Senate Judiciary Committee. If Stone, Corsi or others in this part of the Russia story line are ultimately charged, that could mean high-profile new trials in New York City or around Washington, D.C. And if the Justice Department charges WikiLeaks' founder, Julian Assange, after suggestions that may happen, that trial also could be huge — assuming the United States could get Assange out of the Ecuadorian embassy in London where he has taken refuge. Enlarge this image toggle caption J. Scott Applewhite/AP J. Scott Applewhite/AP The new House Democratic majority Congress has been a dominant force in the Russia imbroglio all along, but 2019 may bring a big change in tenor. The House Republicans who have criticized the Justice Department and Mueller's office will lose their ability to convene hearings and subpoena witnesses. The House Democrats who've sought to defend DOJ and the Mueller investigation will gain those powers as they arrive in a new majority. One incoming Democratic chairman, Rep. Elijah Cummings of Maryland, fired a warning shot well before the new Congress was even seated: He announced that he has sent 51 letters to "the White House, multiple federal agencies and others requesting full compliance" with existing requests for information by Jan. 11. Cummings and Democrats are likely to make more new requests of their own. California Rep. Adam Schiff, the incoming chairman of the House intelligence committee, says he wants to re-awaken the panel's investigation into the Russian attack on the 2016 election, one Republicans closed in spring 2018. The finding was that there was no wrongdoing by the Trump 2016 presidential campaign and that contacts between people involved and Russians were, at worst, "ill advised." Schiff and Democrats have called that a whitewash, and they say they want answers from many of the people involved and to open new lines of inquiry. Specifically, Schiff has said he wants to find out whether Deutsche Bank was involved with any payments to Trump. The German finance giant has figured in discussions about the Russia investigation for months but it isn't clear about where it may fit into the broader story. It has paid heavy fines to regulators after admitting its role in past money laundering and some investigations appear to be ongoing. New boss at DOJ Enlarge this image toggle caption Drew Angerer/Getty Images Drew Angerer/Getty Images The new year also is expected to bring a new ultimate boss for Mueller's investigation. President Trump has nominated former Attorney General William Barr to return to the Justice Department to take the place of Jeff Sessions. Barr is expected to have a confirmation hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee early in the year and it may prove contentious. Barr has been a public skeptic about the Mueller investigation — at least the part of it that may be focused on possible obstruction of justice by the president. Barr submitted some written criticisms to the administration and, in the past, echoed Trump's criticisms of former FBI Director James Comey. Democrats likely will press him about whether he can be involved with the Russia investigation or whether he must recuse himself, as Sessions did. Critics also want acting Attorney General Matthew Whitaker to recuse, but as the Justice Department explained, he opted not to take himself out of the matter. Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein has continued to oversee the investigation anyhow, it emerged. Rosenstein was asked about Barr at a press conference before Christmas. He said that whoever was involved with the Russia investigation — whether it was him, Mueller, Barr or another Justice Department leader — it would continue to be handled "appropriately." The final report? Jan. 1 marked the 595th day since Mueller was appointed. No one outside of his office has any clear idea about how much longer his team's work may go. Trump's attorneys said they believed it would be wrapped up by Thanksgiving — of 2017. When attorneys on the Mueller team left in October of 2018, people took that as a sign the investigation might be cooling down. Predictions that "Mueller is tightening the net" or "this is the fourth quarter" haven't gone away — and yet the special counsel investigation hasn't, either. All that's clear about the road map to the end of the special counsel investigation is this: Justice Department regulations compel Mueller to file a confidential report to the attorney general at the conclusion of his team's work. (Another regulation requires the attorney general to provide certain notifications and reports to the leadership of the judiciary committees in both the House and the Senate.) Many in Washington expect the Mueller report also to go to Congress and become public, perhaps even making the same kind of imprint as earlier reports about President Bill Clinton or the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks. How or even whether that happens, however, remain big questions — along with what any report could mean for Trump.

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2019_1_test.csv

2019_1_test.csv0 53010215 1 59549287 2 59633617 3 52963105 4 18321756 ... 162989 4829910 162990 4889401 162991 4884295 162992 4760206 162993 4533244 Name: id, Length: 162994, dtype: int64

As 2019 Begins, Trump And Democrats Disagree Over Government Funding President Trump welcomed the new year with a promise of a further fight with the Democrats, who have a plan to re-open the government that does not include funding for his border wall. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: On this first day of 2019, the power in Washington is about to shift. On Thursday, Democrats take the House majority. But the more things change, the more they stay the same. On the eve of the new year, Democrats announced a new plan for reopening the federal government, but Republicans have already signaled they are unlikely to accept that deal. I'm joined now by NPR White House reporter Ayesha Rascoe. Hey, Ayesha. AYESHA RASCOE, BYLINE: Good morning. MARTIN: So what can you tell us about the Democrats' spending package? What does it look like? Is it - is it an earnest effort at a compromise? RASCOE: Well, I'm sure they would say it is, but as with many things these days, Republicans would probably disagree. So it is some concrete action where up until now, you've had a lot of talk. Basically, it would provide a year of funding for most departments and agencies that are currently shut down. And then for the Department of Homeland Security, where this whole fight over the wall is happening, it would just provide this stop-gap fund - spending bill, basically pushing the issue back to February. But there is no wall or barrier funding in this. So it's not clear it's going to go anywhere. Trump has said you cannot have border security without a wall, and Republicans in the Senate say they're not going to bring anything up that Trump won't sign. So even if this passes, it's not clear that - that anything will happen with the legislation that Democrats pass. MARTIN: But they have to negotiate. I mean, they have to find a way out of this moment. Does either side have any leverage left? RASCOE: So at this point, it seems like what the White House is focused on is trying to pressure the Democrats with the shutdown, with people being out of work saying, look, you have to come to the table, and you have to kind of show that you care about border security by giving us this money for the wall. But, of course, President Trump is making this case after Republicans lost the House in the midterms. So his leverage is greatly diminished. And the Democrats, they're coming in kind of with the wind at their backs in the House at least. And they're saying, look, we want border security but not a wall. And they - which they don't think is effective - and they are also going to throw into President Trump's face that he said that he would own a shutdown and he would take responsibility for it and that Mexico is supposed to pay for this, even though Trump is saying that Mexico is going to indirectly pay for this. But as you said, something has to give. There - there are hundreds of thousands of people not getting paid. And so the question is who is going to give, and what that might look like. MARTIN: President Trump closed out 2018 with an interview with Fox News. And we've got a clip of what he said. Let's play that. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: I'm in Washington. I'm ready, willing and able. I'm in the White House. I'm ready to go. They can come over right now. They could have come over any time. I spent Christmas in the White House. I spent New Year's Eve now in the White House. And, you know, I'm here. I'm ready to go. MARTIN: Sounds like he's just sitting there, waiting for the Democrats to come over and knock on the door. Presumably, he's in the mood to negotiate? RASCOE: Well, he's in the mood to talk. I don't know about negotiating. That's the question. Like, what is he going to give the Democrats that would make them come to the table? Because what the White House has been offering has not been enough. So what can they give to them that would make the Democrats want to make a deal? That's the question. MARTIN: NPR's Ayesha Rascoe, thanks so much. RASCOE: Thank you. Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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Russia Arrests U.S. Man In Moscow On Suspicion Of Spying The State Department confirms the man has been arrested and detained by Russian authorities. Steve Inskeep talks to former ambassador Daniel Fried about options for a Trump administration response. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: We're going to start this hour with a story of that U.S. citizen who's being held in Russia on suspicion of spying. The State Department has confirmed the detention but hasn't provided further details. Russia's security services have given a name, though, Paul Whelan. Today, his family released a statement saying he is not a spy. They said they learned of his arrest on Monday morning from the media and are, quote, "deeply concerned for his well-being." Let's ground this development in what we do know about the relationship between the U.S. and Russia. To do that, we've reached Ambassador Daniel Fried. He's a veteran U.S. diplomat with a focus on Russia and Central Europe. He's served under both Republican and Democratic administrations. Ambassador Fried, thanks for being here. DANIEL FRIED: Thanks for the opportunity. MARTIN: So I guess it would be helpful if you could help us understand how the Trump administration - or any administration, for that matter - needs to navigate a moment like this. FRIED: The Trump administration Russia hands are now waiting to hear from the Russians about when they can have access to - to Paul Whelan. The Russians are obligated, under bilateral treaties, to give us access, let - in other words, let somebody from our embassy in Moscow see him. So they're waiting for that. It's supposed - it ought to happen today at the latest. So they're waiting to see, and they're hoping the guy will be released quickly. Otherwise, this could devolve into another U.S.-Russia standoff. We've had these in the past. MARTIN: The Trump administration will be waiting for details of any alleged crime that Paul Whelan has committed. FRIED: Well, that's right, details and, more likely, invented details. I would be skeptical of anything the Russians said about Paul Whelan. MARTIN: What kind of leverage does President Trump have at this point? FRIED: Well, the - there is some speculation that the Russians arrested Paul Whelan as some kind of retaliation for the arrest and conviction of Butina, the Russian woman accused of basically violating U.S. law by representing Russian interests with the NRA and other organizations - Maria Butina. So it's possible that a la the Cold War, the Russians are interested in some kind of swap. But the administration, at least people I spoke to yesterday, raised the issue of Pastor Brunson. That is the American cleric in Turkey who was falsely arrested and triggered some Russian - some U.S. pressure on the Turks before he was released. So it may be that the Trump administration pushes back against the Russians in other areas. Relations are bad right now. And we're going to see how the admin - the Trump administration responds. But this feels like the beginning of a Cold War-style standoff rather than some legitimate - legitimate arrest of a U.S. spy. MARTIN: You mentioned other areas where the U.S. could push. What are they? FRIED: Well, the U.S. weapon of choice these days, the kind of default mode, is sanctions. There are - there are still - despite our existing sanctions on Russia right now, there's a lot of headroom to escalate if we chose to do so. We chose sanctions against the Turks, who are, after all, an ally. And we even imposed some. And as I said, people in the Trump administration yesterday were talking quietly about that option. We will see what they do. But they don't seem in a - an accommodating mood. MARTIN: So here we are, Ambassador. You and I have spoken several times over 2018, different machinations of the U.S.-Russian relationship. What are you thinking as you look down the pike at the new year? How would you describe the relationship between the U.S. and Russia at this moment? And how can you see it evolving, especially as we anticipate the end of the Mueller probe? FRIED: U.S.-Russia relations are as bad now as they have been since before the end of the Cold War, either the early 19 - early, mid-1980s, before the Reagan-Gorbachev relationship developed in a positive way, or even the early 1960s with standoffs over Berlin. So relations are bad. I see no sign that they're going to get particularly better. And the reason is not this U.S. administration or the last one. The reason is Vladimir Putin. His conditions for good relations with the U.S. are those no U.S. administration can or should accept. MARTIN: Daniel Fried, distinguished fellow at the Atlantic Council in Washington. Ambassador Fried, thank you, as always. We appreciate it. FRIED: Thanks for the opportunity. Happy New Year. Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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Examining Whether The GOP Tax Cuts Are Working Out It's been one year since Congress cut business and personal taxes. Noel King checks in with Richard Rubin, tax policy reporter at The Wall Street Journal, to gauge their effect on the economy.

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France Rang In The New Year Under A Cloud Of Heavy Security Security forces were deployed nationwide to protect against New Year's Eve violence. The Champs Elysees in Paris was under extra watch after Yellow Vest protesters said they would join revelers. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: France rang in 2019 under a cloud of heavy security. In the wake of a recent terror attack and social unrest that spread out across the country, France's president, Emmanuel Macron, used his annual address to call for unity. Jake Cigainero has the report from Paris. (SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC, CHEERING) JAKE CIGAINERO, BYLINE: The excitement of the hundreds of thousands of people on the Champs Elysees on New Year's Eve was a stark contrast to another crowd that has gathered here each week since November, the French yellow vests, a national movement that started as a protest against a fuel tax, but has morphed into a larger expression of middle- and working-class discontent. The French interior minister said more than 10,000 police and soldiers had been deployed in Paris for the celebration. France has been on high terror alert since the shooting at the Christmas market in Strasbourg last month, and the yellow vests had also called for a peaceful gathering on the Champs Elysees. But their protests have frequently turned violent. However, there were no clashes with police or any major incidents on New Year's Eve. Earlier in the evening, President Emmanuel Macron gave the presidential New Year's address in a televised speech. Standing in his office in the Elysee Palace, Macron said his three wishes for 2019 are truth, dignity and hope. (SOUNDBITE OF SPEECH) PRESIDENT EMMANUEL MACRON: (Speaking French). CIGAINERO: Macron says, "for me, the lesson of 2018 is we want to change things in order to live better, and we want to innovate in our plans for democracy, politics, economy and the environment. But," he said, "to do this, France cannot close itself off to the world." (SOUNDBITE OF SPEECH) MACRON: (Speaking French). CIGAINERO: "It would be dangerous if our situation drives us to ignore the world around us. Quite the opposite," Macron says. He said the government will continue to roll out his ambitious reforms, including in education and taxes, some of which sparked the yellow vest movement more than a month ago. After a particularly violent day of protests last month, Macron tried to calm tensions by canceling the fuel tax that caused the uproar in the first place. He also raised minimum wage. Following his concessions, there was a significant drop-off in yellow vest numbers, but protesters have continued to gather, although fewer and fewer each week. Just a few weeks ago, more than 280,000 people had turned out across France, according to authorities. But over the weekend, only a few hundred yellow vests gathered in Paris. However, yellow vest organizers say they plan to return in full force in January. Post-holiday protest will be an indicator of how much steam the movement really has left. For NPR News, I'm Jake Cigainero in Paris. (SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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TSA Moves Toward Enlisting More Floppy-Eared Dogs The agency's administrator told the Washington Examiner that the agency is phasing out pointy-eared dogs in favor of floppy-eared dogs, which seem to go over better with passengers. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Happy New Year, I'm Rachel Martin. And like a lot of you, I was in airports over the holidays. And at least once I was sniffed out by a TSA dog, which was fine. And I don't remember if the dog had pointy or floppy ears. But apparently, it matters. The TSA is moving towards more floppier dogs. That's according to the agency's administrator, who told the Washington Examiner that floppy-eared dogs seem to go over better with passengers. Safety first, but I guess it helps if they're cute too. It's MORNING EDITION. Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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North Korean Leader Addresses Policy Issues In New Year's Address Kim Jong Un declared that --while denuclearization is still his goal — his nation may have to follow a "new path" if the U.S. insists on unilateral action on that issue.

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New Calif. Law Requires Documents On Police Shootings Be Made Public At least one city has approved the destruction of that paperwork before the deadline. The Inglewood City Council voted to destroy more than 100 police records at the police chief's request. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Now to California, where a new state law is going into effect today, a law that will require police to make documents related to police shootings public. But at least one city has given the OK for that paperwork to be destroyed before the deadline. From member station KPCC in Los Angeles, Frank Stoltze reports. FRANK STOLTZE, BYLINE: The city of Inglewood sits just west of Los Angeles, has about 100,000 residents and 180 police officers. In early December, its city council voted to destroy more than 100 police records at the request of the police chief. He said in a memo that the files were no longer needed nor legally required to be kept. The council's resolution also said they were taking up valuable space. These are some of the department's most sensitive files on officer shootings, uses of force and other internal affairs investigations and date back as far as 1991. Many would have become public for the first time today under a new state law designed to make policing in California more transparent. That law also opens to the public files on officers who've lied or engaged in a sexual assault while on duty. The ACLU's Peter Bibring says Inglewood's decision to destroy the files can only mean one thing. PETER BIBRING: This last-minute push to shred documents rather than allowing them to become public under California law almost certainly means those documents would show problems that management doesn't want the public to see. STOLTZE: Calls to the police department and mayor went unreturned. Inglewood acted legally. The new California law doesn't require police to keep records beyond current requirements. That's five years for shootings. Attorney Milton Grimes has represented the families of people shot by police in this LA suburb. MILTON GRIMES: Old records tell us sometimes what people are thinking and doing and whether there's a pattern. And we cannot better this police department unless we're able to show that there's a bad pattern. STOLTZE: The U.S. Justice Department identified some of those patterns when it found in 2010 that the department lacked clear use of force policies and oversight, following the shooting of three unarmed people in four months. Inglewood is retaining its most recent shooting records in keeping with state law. That means Trisha Michael will have access to files regarding the shooting of her twin sister and sister's boyfriend. But she says the dozens of other families of people shot or beaten by Inglewood police will be deprived a chance at the truth. TRISHA MICHAEL: There's a lot of unsolved, mind-bothering questions people still think about. You know, this is the opportunity for people to go back and try to figure out what happened. STOLTZE: Not in Inglewood, which appears to be the only city in the state that decided to erase large parts of its shooting past. For NPR News, I'm Frank Stoltze in Los Angeles. (SOUNDBITE OF KULPA AND J'SAN'S "OUT OF TOWN") Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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California Housing Development Is A 'Disaster Waiting To Happen' California suffered devastating wildfires in 2018. But cities and counties are still allowing subdivisions to stretch out into the suburban edges with the highest risks of wildfire.

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N.Y. Swears In New Attorney General After A Tumultuous Year For The Office Enlarge this image toggle caption New York State Office of the Attorney General New York State Office of the Attorney General The state of New York has a new attorney general and she is, literally, like no one who has ever held the office before. Democrat Letitia James was sworn in as New York's 67th Attorney General late Monday in a ceremony at the state capitol in Albany. James, 60, is the state's first black attorney general and the first woman ever elected to that state-wide office. In a statement, James said it was the highest honor to officially begin her time as New York's attorney general and that she "will never waiver" on upholding the promise to "use the rule of law to protect the rights and advance the interest of all New Yorkers." She's slated to participate in an inauguration ceremony later in the day on Jan. 1, according to her office. James, who is a long-time New York City politician, replaces Democrat Barbara Underwood, who was appointed to the post when former New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman resigned last year after multiple women came forward to accuse him of physical and verbal abuse. Schneiderman, a Democrat who took a prominent spot as an advocate of the #MeToo movement when he pursued legal action against Harvey Weinstein for the movie mogul's alleged sex crimes, was accused by four women of non-consensual physical violence in a May 7, 2018, New Yorker article. As NPR previously reported, Schneiderman resigned from the New York attorney general post though denied all of the allegations. In November, a prosecutor announced that after an "exhaustive review" of the facts, Schneiderman would not face criminal charges. For all the different perspectives James brings to the office, aggressively pursuing the Trump administration is one thing she does have in common with her predecessors. And she's made her feelings about the president very clear, calling Trump an "illegitimate president" and that her decision to run was "about that man in the White House who can't go a day without threatening our fundamental rights," according to The New York Times. Her victory in November drew the ire of President Donald Trump, who accused her of running her election campaign on a "GET TRUMP agenda." The Times reports that James will continue with the lawsuit Underwood filed against the Trump Foundation, and that she may also look into whether Trump has violated the Constitution's emoluments clause. But first, now that she's sworn in, James plans to tour around New York and host information meet-and-greets with constituents, according to a statement from her office.

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News Brief: Government Shutdown, Spying Charges, North Korea It's Day 11 of the partial government shutdown, and there's no end in sight. Russian authorities arrest an American on spying charges. North Korea's leader has given his annual New Year's Day address.

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North Chicago School District 187 is on track to refinance its debt, which could lead to $150,000 to $200,000 in savings each year moving forward. The new debt would refinance the remainder of the $43 million in bonds taken out in 2010 at a lower interest rate, Superintendent John Price said. Like those 2010 bonds, this new debt earmarks specific revenue streams instead of guaranteeing the loans through property taxes. North Chicago District 187 used the military impact aid it receives from the federal government to pay off the 2010 bonds and plans on using it for the refinanced debt as well, Price said. The district receives extra money from the federal government to mitigate the impact of Naval Station Great Lakes, which sits on land the school district can’t tax but still brings in students for the district to educate. The district’s two governing boards are set to decide in January whether to move forward with using just those dollars to repay the refinanced debt or to also include state aid, Price said. The district’s bond advisors have said the additional revenue stream would make investors feel more confident and could lead to lower interest rates, Price said. The bonds will be sold immediately after the January meeting, and depending on the market, the district could see its annual payments decrease about $150,000 to $200,000, he said. Those savings will be revisited in the classroom, by helping the district maintain its current offerings, adding more social workers or reducing class sizes, Price said. North Chicago District 187, which has been under state control since 2012, received an extra $3.3 million from the state to help balance its budget last year, Price said. The additional help meant the district ended the year with a surplus, which was saved in the district’s reserves and helped boost the district’s bond rating. Moody’s Investors Service, one of the three main agencies that gives credit ratings to companies and local governments, gave a Ba1 rating this fall to the district’s $43 million in existing debt, a one-step improvement that means the debt is still of medium investment grade quality. It is unclear whether the district will receive the additional state aid again, and so the district tends to budget pretty conservatively, according to Price. [email protected] Twitter @mekcoleman

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A U.S. Marine was shot and killed Tuesday morning inside the Marine Barracks on Capitol Hill in Southeast Washington, prompting a District of Columbia police investigation. Two officials with knowledge of the investigation said that it appears the Marine was struck by an accidental discharge from another Marine's weapon. Authorities cautioned the investigation is in its beginning stages. No arrests have been made and police classified the case as a "death investigation," an indication that, at least for now, investigators do not believe a crime was committed. The shooting occurred about 5 a.m. A Marine Corps spokeswoman, Capt. Colleen McFadden, said she could only confirm that the victim did not suffer "a self-inflicted injury." The name of the victim, described as in his early 20s, was not made public on Tuesday. Police, who lead all death investigations in the District, said they were reaching out to the victim's relatives. The military typically makes names of deceased members public 24 hours after next of kin have been notified. A District police report says the Marine was shot about 5:05 a.m. and was pronounced dead at 5:59 a.m. at MedStar Washington Hospital Center. As a result, the post canceled its traditional New Year's Day serenade, scheduled for Tuesday, a formal affair in which an audience is invited as the Marine Corps Band plays for the commandant at his home. In a statement from Marine Barracks Washington, Col. Don Tomich, the commanding officer, said officials are taking care of the victim's family and friends "during this challenging time." The statement confirmed the Marine died but did not provide any other details, including the victim's age, assignment or in which building the shooting occurred on the installation that is also known by its address, "8th and I." "No threat to local residents exists," the statement says. The Marine Barracks Washington, founded in 1801 by President Thomas Jefferson, is the oldest active Marine Corps post. Its personnel perform both ceremonial and security missions in the District and is home to the Marine Drum and Bugle Corps and the Marine Band, as well as the site of the Home of the Commandants. The post is south of Eastern Market and next to a newly sprouted night life and restaurant district called Barracks Row. Tuesday's shooting marks at least the second time in six years that a Marine suffered a gunshot wound at the compound. In June 2018, a Marine standing guard at the home of the commandant suffered a self-inflicted gunshot wound and was hospitalized. The Marine survived what at the time was describe by officials as a negligent discharge of a weapon. In 2013, a 19-year-old Marine from South Dakota suffered a fatal gunshot wound to the head. Authorities said they believed Lance Cpl. Cody S. Schoenfelder accidentally shot himself in the building where the commandant lives. Authorities did not describe the circumstances that led up to Tuesday's fatal shooting nor what caused them to believe it might be accidental. The Washington Post's Dan Lamothe contributed to this report. First published in the Washington Post

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To The Dismay Of Free Speech Advocates, Vietnam Rolls Out Controversial Cyber Law Enlarge this image toggle caption Hoang Dinh Nam/AFP/Getty Images Hoang Dinh Nam/AFP/Getty Images A new cybersecurity law has gone into effect in Vietnam that puts stringent controls on tech companies operating inside the country and censors what its citizens read online. The decree, which was passed by the National Assembly in June, requires companies such as Facebook and Google to open offices in Vietnam, store local user data and to hand over information if the government asks for it. It would also require social media companies to remove any content authorities deemed offensive or "toxic." Opponents of the law say it could hurt Vietnam's economic prospects and allow the one-party communist government to further crack down on dissent and free speech. The industry group Asia Internet Coalition told Reuters that the law would hurt Vietnam's ambitions for economic and job growth. "These provisions will result in severe limitations on Vietnam's digital economy, dampening the foreign investment climate and hurting opportunities for local businesses and [small-to-medium-sized enterprises] to flourish inside and beyond Vietnam," AIC Managing Director Jeff Paine said. Both trade and foreign investment are critical components of Vietnam's economy. In a statement released shortly after it was passed, Clare Algar, director of global operations at Amnesty International, said the law's sweeping power "has potentially devastating consequences for freedom of expression" in Vietnam. "This vote means there is now no safe place left [in Vietnam] for people to speak freely," she said. The Vietnamese government says the law is necessary to fight cybercrime such as cyber-espionage, and prevent cyberterrorism. Maj. Gen. Luong Tam Quang, chief of Vietnam's Ministry of Public Security, said in a news conference in early November that the new cyber law brings Vietnam in line with other countries that also want to protect their domestic users' information and that the law was "within the ability of business." Internet companies have a year to comply, despite pleas from tech firm, reports Reuters. U.S. lawmakers even made an appeal to Facebook and Google to not comply with the law. "The cyber security law does nothing to protect internet users," 17 members of the Congressional Vietnam Caucus wrote in a letter. "Rather, it is a blatant effort by the Vietnamese government to crackdown on online expression by enlisting the help of leading technology companies." Google declined to immediately comment to NPR about its plans now that the law has been implemented. Facebook also did not immediately return a request from NPR for comment. However, earlier this month Facebook said it "remains committed to its community in Vietnam and in helping Vietnamese businesses grow at home and abroad," Voice of America reported. A growing and youthful middle class in Vietnam is a draw for digital companies, Bloomberg reports. Almost half of Vietnam's population uses the Internet, according to the World Bank, and the country has more than 60 million Facebook users. The new cybersecurity law comes into effect a little over a year after Vietnam deployed a 10,000-strong cyber unit to combat "wrong" views.

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President Donald Trump has invited congressional leaders to the White House for a briefing on border security, the first face-to-face session involving Republicans and Democrats as the partial government shutdown entered its second week. The briefing will occur one day before Democrats take control of the House and Trump gets his first taste of divided government. It was unclear whether the Wednesday session would break the budget impasse - now in its 11th day - as Trump had demanded billions of dollars for a U.S.-Mexico border wall and Democrats have rejected his request. Officials from the Department of Homeland Security will brief the top two leaders in each party in the House and the Senate. In the last televised White House session on Dec. 11, Trump said he would take responsibility for a shutdown over the wall as House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and Senate Minority Leader Charles Schumer, D-N.Y., said they would not support wall funding. The shutdown began Dec. 22 and there has been no sign of direct negotiations involving Republicans, Democrats and the White House. Members of Congress left Washington while Trump remained at the White House. On Thursday, House Democrats plan to use their new majority to vote through measures that would reopen nearly all of the shuttered federal agencies through the end of September, at funding levels Senate Republicans have previously agreed to. Those spending bills contain scores of priorities and pet projects for lawmakers on both sides of the aisle. The Democratic proposal holds out one exception: The Department of Homeland Security, which oversees border security, would keep its current level of funding, with no new money for a border wall. The plan would also extend the department's budget only through Feb. 8, allowing Democrats to revisit funding for key parts of Trump's immigration policy in a month. The president has asked for $5 billion in border money, far beyond the $1.3 billion that Democrats plan to vote through this week. Trump, who tweeted his opposition to the plan on Tuesday, has reiterated that he had no plans to back down. Word of the White House briefing was first reported by Politico. Trump used Twitter on the first day of 2019 to insult a retired U.S. commander in Afghanistan as a dumb loudmouth, sing the praises of an ultranationalist former aide and tell America to chill and "ENJOY THE RIDE." Trump's cheery tone in an all-caps tweet welcoming the new year did not last the morning. "HAPPY NEW YEAR TO EVERYONE, INCLUDING THE HATERS AND THE FAKE NEWS MEDIA! 2019 WILL BE A FANTASTIC YEAR FOR THOSE NOT SUFFERING FROM TRUMP DERANGEMENT SYNDROME. JUST CALM DOWN AND ENJOY THE RIDE, GREAT THINGS ARE HAPPENING FOR OUR COUNTRY!" Trump wrote. That may have been before he read all his mail. Trump went on to bash retired Army Gen. Stanley McChrystal over remarks McChrystal made Sunday, calling the president untruthful and immoral. "General" McChrystal got fired like a dog by Obama. Last assignment a total bust. Known for big, dumb mouth. Hillary lover!" Trump opined. McChrystal was forced to resign in 2010 after making disparaging comments about Obama administration officials in a Rolling Stone article. He had been a rising star in the Army, a decorated expert on counterinsurgency tasked with turning around the stalemated Afghanistan war. Although McChrystal's comments were made on ABC two days prior, Trump did not comment publicly until he responded Tuesday morning to a tweet from conservative commentator Laura Ingraham. Ingraham had tweeted an article Monday titled "Media Didn't Like McChrystal Until He Started Bashing Trump." Catching up to it Tuesday, Trump evidently agreed. The president's very first words of the new year were an endorsement of a pro-Trump book by former White House aide Sebastian Gorka. The former Breitbart writer, a frequent television defender of the president, either quit or was fired in 2017 partly in protest that Trump's first major speech about the U.S. military strategy in Afghanistan made no mention of what Gorka called "Radical Islam." "Dr. Sebastian Gorka, a very good and talented guy, has a great new book just out, "Why We Fight." Lots of insight - Enjoy!" Trump wrote. Trump has been holed up in the White House instead of vacationing at his Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida, as planned, because of the government shutdown now in its second week and his standoff with Democrats over funding for a border wall. "One thing has now been proven. The Democrats do not care about Open Borders and all of the crime and drugs that Open Borders bring!" Trump tweeted Tuesday morning. In a second tweet, he said: "The Democrats, much as I suspected, have allocated no money for a new Wall. So imaginative! The problem is, without a Wall there can be no real Border Security - and our Country must finally have a Strong and Secure Southern Border!" Trump also tweeted congratulations to newly inaugurated Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, a populist conservative who like Trump was elected to shake up the status quo. First published in The Washington Post

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One answer is that last fall many investors were looking at a couple of quarters of high growth, and thinking that this might be the start of an extended boom. Serious economists warned that this growth was a temporary lift — a “sugar high” — driven by the shift from fiscal austerity to what-me-worry deficit finance. But at least some people bought into the Trumpist line that tax cuts were going to produce an enduring rise in the growth rate. Since then, however, it has become clear that the tax-cut boost was indeed a one-time thing. In particular, there has been no sign of the promised surge in business investment. At the same time, Trump’s trade war may be starting to take a toll. In particular, the uncertainty may be deterring business spending. Whether new tariffs would hurt or help your business, it now makes sense to hold off on plans to expand, until you see what he actually does. Finally, economic troubles in the rest of the world — several major European economies are quite possibly in recession — are filtering back to the U.S. Now, most economists aren’t predicting a recession here, for good reason. The truth is that nobody is very good at calling turning points in the economy, and calling a recession before it’s really obvious in the data is much more likely to get you declared a Chicken Little than hailed as a prophet. (Believe me, I know all about it.) But the bond market, which doesn’t worry about such things, is looking remarkably grim. I leave the possible political implications as an exercise for readers.

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Ireland's Momentous Change: Abortion Services Are No Longer Banned Ireland is a country that's politics were once dominated by the Catholic Church and now abortion is legal. The change marks a significant milepost in the country's political evolution. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Today marks an historic moment in Ireland. For the first time, women will have broad access to legal abortions. The government passed a bill legalizing abortions last month. For more on the change, we turn NPR's London correspondent, Frank Langfitt, who's been following this. Hi, Frank. FRANK LANGFITT, BYLINE: Hi. Good morning, Rachel. MARTIN: Good morning. So describe the scope of this. How is life different today for women in Ireland than it was yesterday? LANGFITT: Well, for pregnant ones, it's very different. For the first time beginning this morning, women can call in to a government help line for advice on a pregnancy and receive guidance on obtaining an abortion. They'll also, obviously, get other guidance. There are lots of ways to handle a pregnancy, of course. If they're nine weeks pregnant, they'll be given the name of the nearest general practitioner who provides abortion services. So far, there are about 165 clinics in the country that have signed up to participate. And they'll offer an abortion pill. The names are actually not being published, of these clinics, because there is fear, certainly from the clinics, of being targeted by anti-abortion groups. If a woman is more than nine weeks pregnant, she can then be referred to the nearest hospital to provide abortion procedures. There are just nine that have agreed so far to do that. But still, even though the numbers are not enormous in terms of the opportunities for women and where to go, it is a huge shift in the country. You got to remember, Rachel, as recently as 2016, at least several thousand women travelled from Ireland to England and Wales to have an abortion. MARTIN: All right. So is the government putting any limits on abortions? LANGFITT: It is. It is. You know, it's still - there's still a very strong conservative streak in - in, certainly, parts of the country. And abortion is now generally forbidden after 12 weeks. So, for instance, if an abortion were to fail and a woman's pregnancy exceeds 12 weeks, it would be illegal to attempt a second abortion, except for certain circumstances, particularly involving risk to the life of the mother, health of the mother. Doctors who carry out an abortion after 12 weeks, in certain circumstances, that aren't covered could face a fine or imprisonment of up to 14 years. MARTIN: So Ireland is obviously tethered to the Catholic Church, very socially conservative, has been anyway. So this is a huge change. Can you just remind us the arc of this? LANGFITT: Sure. MARTIN: How did it come to be? LANGFITT: Yeah, so back in May, politically, there was a landslide vote to repeal a constitutional amendment in Ireland that had banned nearly all abortions. But really, this goes back over the decades, and it's the culmination of years of dramatic social, economic and religious change in the country. Now, you remember not so long ago, Ireland was poor. But the economy took off in the 1990s and drew back a lot of Irish emigrants, people who'd been in U.S., Australia, England. They came back with more liberal ideas. The biggest factor though has been the collapse of the authority of the Catholic Church. And, of course, this has happened, to a certain degree, in the United States following the child sex abuse scandals. Also in Ireland, you had these church-run workhouses that took children away from unwed mothers. The church tried to cover up a lot of these things. And so over four decades, what you've seen is mass attendance has gone from about 80 percent, and now it hovers around 35 percent. MARTIN: And the pope was there recently, right? I mean, did you see evidence of the church's waning influence through his visit? LANGFITT: He was. I was there for the visit, and it was - Rachel, it was night and day. It was so striking. Back in '79 when Pope John Paul II went, there was - to Ireland, there was an outpouring of affection. He held mass in Dublin for 1.2 million people. This time out, Pope Francis, it was just a small fraction of that. And in the crowds, they weren't that thick in Dublin, waiting for the popemobile. And even - you could even hear some boos from victims of clerical sex abuse who'd come out to protest the church - so a huge shift in Ireland in terms of the authority and the affection for the Catholic Church. MARTIN: NPR's Frank Langfitt for us this morning. Thanks so much, Frank. LANGFITT: Happy to do it, Rachel. (SOUNDBITE OF CHEQUERBOARD'S "DUNES") Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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The family of an American arrested in Russia on espionage charges said on Tuesday that he is innocent and that they fear for his safety. Paul Whelan, a 48-year-old retired Marine, was detained last week by Russia's domestic security services while he was in Moscow for what they described as a "spy mission." "We are deeply concerned for his safety and well-being," his family said in a statement. "His innocence is undoubted and we trust that his rights will be respected." Whelan's twin brother, David, said Paul was in Moscow for a wedding of a fellow Marine, which took place at an upscale hotel in central Moscow on Dec. 28, the day he was detained. "It is inconceivable to me that he would have done anything to break the law in Russia," David Whelan told The Washington Post. By Russian law, foreigners found guilty of spying on Russia face between 10 and 20 years in jail. A member of the U.S. government should have visited Whelan in detention by now, according to Russia's obligations under the Vienna Convention, which dictates that consular access must be provided within a 72-hour window from the time of arrest. But the U.S. government shutdown may have hindered this process, said a person familiar with Whelan's case, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the case. Although U.S. embassies are not closed during the shutdown, they are working with reduced staff. The person added that it could take months before the case is resolved. Whelan's arrest comes as tensions between Washington and Moscow continue to escalate over issues including election interference, the crises in Syria and Ukraine, and the poisoning of a former Russian spy in Britain. Whelan works as the corporate security director for BorgWarner, an automotive parts supplier based in Auburn Hills, Michigan, that has business contracts in Russia. "BorgWarner has been in contact with the relevant U.S. Government authorities in order to help our employee and the U.S. government," the company said in a statement. Whelan is a regular visitor to Russia. According to Whelan's brother and Russian acquaintances reached by The Post, he has been visiting Russia since 2007. He enlisted in the Marines in 1994 and rose through the ranks to become a staff sergeant, serving two tours in Iraq, in 2004 and 2006, according to military records released to The Post. Whelan was discharged for bad conduct in 2008 after being convicted of several charges related to larceny, according to the records. Several Russian acquaintances described Whelan as a friendly man who greatly appreciated Russia and had a basic command of the language. An acquaintance in St. Petersburg said the pair had made plans to meet in that city around Jan. 1, but contact with the American abruptly stopped on the day of his arrest. The timing of Whelan's arrest - coming weeks after Russian gun rights activist Maria Butina pleaded guilty to Kremlin interference in the United States - has raised questions about a potential swap. The two countries do not have an extradition treaty. The arrest and guilty plea by Butina, 30, has become a sharp thorn in the side of U.S.-Russian relations. Butina is the first Russian national to be convicted of seeking to influence U.S. policy in the 2016 election campaign. Moscow has gone to great lengths to paint her as a political prisoner. First published in the Washington Post

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Shutdown-Delayed Immigration Cases Could Further Strain Backlogged System The partial government shutdown, in part prompted by disagreement over federal immigration policy, means most of the country's immigration courts are not hearing cases. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Among the sweeping consequences of the ongoing federal government shutdown, immigration courts across the country are closed. From member station WHYY, Laura Benshoff reports that diverted cases could further strain a system already plagued by backlogs. LAURA BENSHOFF, BYLINE: Immigration attorney Matthew Archambeault spent the last day of 2018 tidying his office in Philadelphia. But he hasn't yet called up clients to tell them they don't have to show up in court. MATTHEW ARCHAMBEAULT: I kind of mentioned it to a few of the clients that, you know, there might be a chance that their hearings are not going to go forward because of the government shutdown. I don't like to get into it too much to them because it can be confusing. BENSHOFF: Confusing because a delay in their hearings doesn't actually have anything to do with the facts of their cases. And the government shutdown could end at any time. When the government shut down, the U.S. Department of Justice, which oversees federal immigration courts, sent out a notice. Immigration cases scheduled for hearings during the shutdown would be reset. The exception are the courts that work with immigrants who are already detained. Those federal employees are working with no guarantee they'll be paid. Ashley Tabaddor, an immigration judge in Los Angeles and the president of the National Association of Immigration Judges, says this is all happening when these courts already face a heavy workload. ASHLEY TABADDOR: We don't even have the time to be able to adequately really consider each case, much less have to spend extra time to think about what we're going to do with all the cases that have to be rescheduled. BENSHOFF: She says she alone has about 2,000 pending cases. Nationally, the immigration court backlog is more than 700,000 active cases. The Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse at Syracuse University keeps stats on federal immigration. It estimates it would take 3 1/2 years to clear that backlog. Tabaddor says adding time to the backlog isn't what President Donald Trump says he wants. His demands for funding for a border wall partially contributed to the impasse. TABADDOR: It's quite ironic to shut down the immigration court because of the differences on immigration. BENSHOFF: As for cases themselves, it's hard to generalize if a delay is good or bad. Here's attorney Matthew Archambeault again. ARCHAMBEAULT: Every immigration attorney who's honest will tell you that sometimes getting cases delayed is the best thing for the case. BENSHOFF: For example, if an immigrant doesn't have a good claim, a delay may mean more time in the U.S. or maybe qualifying for another form of immigration status in the interim. Or stretching out a case can hurt. It may keep someone who qualifies for asylum now from getting it later, for example, if immigration policies become more restrictive. In either situation, Archambeault says he's telling his clients to be prepared to go to court just in case. For NPR News, I'm Laura Benshoff in Philadelphia. Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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Federal Workers, Burdened By Shutdown, Face Trump-Ordered Pay Freeze Enlarge this image toggle caption J. Scott Applewhite/AP J. Scott Applewhite/AP President Trump on Friday issued an executive order freezing the salary rates for federal workers. The order wasn't a surprise but for some 800,000 federal employees furloughed during the partial government shutdown or working without pay, it was like rubbing salt into a wound. The president had been telegraphing his plans for a pay freeze for almost a year — first in his annual budget and again last summer in a letter to Congress. Trump pointed to the government's dire fiscal situation. Thanks to tax cuts and increased spending, the deficit has ballooned to more than a trillion dollars this year. Trump's order only applies to civilian workers. Military personnel, who are covered under a separate funding measure, will receive a 2.6 percent raise. Jacqueline Simon of the American Federation of Government Employees, the largest federal workers union, tells NPR that "the military deserve their pay increase, and we're strongly in favor of it. And, in fact, for many, many years — decades, even — there was parity between the civilian and the military workforces in terms of their pay adjustments." For the last two years, though, paychecks for civilian government workers have grown more slowly than those in the military. And the president's pay freeze would widen that gap if it stands. Federal workers shouldn't give up hope — there is a chance they could get a raise. The Senate has already OK'd a pay raise for federal workers of 1.9 percent. And the new Democratic House is expected to follow suit. The president would have to sign the measure. The Washington Post reports: "Federal employee pay raises are effective at the start of the first full biweekly pay period in the new year, which in this case will start Jan. 6. There will not be much time for enactment of a raise by then, but raises have been paid retroactively — most recently in 2003 and 2004, when agency funding also hadn't been resolved until after the start of the new year. In both cases, a raise had been paid by default in early January but was overridden by a larger one contained in a full-year appropriations bill."

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North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un Kicks Off New Year With Address And A Warning To U.S. In his New Year's Day address, Kim Jong Un said he's committed to denuclearization, but warned North Korea will take a "new path" if the U.S. maintains sanctions against his country. AUDIE CORNISH, HOST: Sitting in a leather chair in a wood-paneled room, North Korea's leader kicked off the new year with an address to his nation and a warning to the U.S. Kim Jong Un said he's willing to meet with President Trump a second time but threatened that if international sanctions against North Korea continue, he'll have no choice but to take a new path. NPR's Anthony Kuhn joins us now from Seoul to talk about what this could mean. And, Anthony, since President Trump met Kim Jong Un in Singapore for that historic summit last year in June, the nuclear issue has been somewhat stalled. So can you tell us what new information you heard in Kim's speech? ANTHONY KUHN, BYLINE: Actually, most of the speech was not about the nuclear issue. It was for a domestic audience, news about the economy. But he did repeat his pledge to denuclearize and mend fences with the U.S. Now, let's hear one of the more optimistic, upbeat parts of his speech. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) SUPREME LEADER KIM JONG UN: (Speaking Korean). KUHN: "It is our party and republic's unchanging position and my unwavering will," he said, "to establish a new relationship between the DPRK and the U.S. that meets the demands of the new century and to establish a permanent, stable peace regime on the Korean peninsula and move towards complete denuclearization." By DPRK, he meant the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which is its formal name. Analysts point out that there was actually something significant elsewhere in the speech. He said that North Korea would stop building atomic bombs, basically cap his country's nuclear program. But as you mentioned, there was also this warning that if the U.S. tries to sanction North Korea into submission or just runs out their patience, then all bets are off, and there could be a return to confrontation. CORNISH: You mentioned a warning. Did Kim provide any specifics of what he wants from President Trump? KUHN: I think it's pretty clear that he mostly just wants the meeting at this point, and we know this because North Korea has refused to engage in working-level talks with the U.S., particularly Mike Pompeo and U.S. special envoy Steve Biegun have basically been shut out. So analysts believe that North Korea is betting everything on a second summit with Trump, where they will try to manipulate him into making more concessions. And the - North Korea's point has been pretty consistent in past months. They say, look, since the summit, we have dismantled some of our nuclear and missile testing facilities, and now we expect the U.S. to reciprocate by providing security guarantees and easing sanctions. The U.S. wants to start off as a first move by providing an inventory of all its nuclear assets, but North Korea refuses to do that. CORNISH: What about the relationship with South Korea? The two leaders met, I think, about three times in the past year. Did Kim Jong Un say anything about South Korea in his speech? KUHN: Yes. He talked about continuing the thaw in relations with South Korea. Now, at times, the U.S. has seemed nervous that this sort of inter-Korean rapprochement is getting out too far ahead of the nuclear issue. But lately, they seem to have had a change of heart. They seem to have decided that it doesn't really cost them anything at this point. There's only so far they can go with those sanctions still in place. And they hope that this will just improve the atmosphere and maybe make talks a little bit easier. And that is why the U.S. gave its blessing to last week's groundbreaking on a project to connect railways between the two Koreas. And the U.S. says it will try to ensure that the sanctions that are in place do not prevent U.S. aid groups from delivering humanitarian assistance to the North. CORNISH: It's interesting. I understand Kim talked about an end to U.S.-South Korean joint military exercises. And at the same time, the U.S. and South Korea failed to meet a deadline to renew a funding agreement for U.S. forces in South Korea, right? So there's this little dispute going on between the U.S. and South Korea. How does that affect this conversation? KUHN: Well, these - the two sides were supposed to come up with a new agreement before the old one expired last night. But the U.S. reportedly wants South Korea to increase its contribution by 50 percent, and Seoul says no. The Trump administration wants all U.S. allies to pay more, and it's focusing on South Korea first. The South Koreans are also somewhat unnerved by the resignation of Defense Secretary Mattis because he was a consistent advocate for the alliance. It's not clear that the U.S. Congress would allow any sort of pullout of U.S. troops, but any sign that the U.S. commitment to the defense of South Korea is wavering has Seoul very concerned. CORNISH: That's NPR's Anthony Kuhn in Seoul. Thank you for your reporting. KUHN: Sure thing, Audie. Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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After Synagogue Shooting, Pittsburgh Rabbi Is Still Hopeful Noel King talks to Rabbi Jeffrey Myers, who was leading the Tree of Life Synagogue community in prayer when a gunman opened fire, killing 11 people. He says hate will not close his synagogue. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: For the Tree of Life congregation in Pittsburgh, 2019 is going to be a year of rebuilding. In late October, members of that synagogue gathered for Shabbat service. Their prayers were interrupted by gunfire. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER #1: Good morning. We're coming on the air right now with breaking news for those... (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED BROADCAST) MARTIN: Eleven Jewish worshippers have been killed at a synagogue in Pittsburgh. A man has been charged with hate crimes and could face the death penalty. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER #2: The massacre at a synagogue in Pittsburgh has again revealed the ugly anti-Semitism that still exists in the United States. MARTIN: In the aftermath, the synagogue's rabbi, Jeffrey Myers, vowed that hate would not close his building's doors. It's now been two months since that tragedy. In a conversation with our co-host Noel King, Rabbi Myers explained what has kept him hopeful. JEFFREY MYERS: Such a outpouring of love and support from not just around the immediate community or even the United States, but from around the world. I'll give one example. There was a young boy who had his bar mitzvah also on October 27 in another synagogue. And upon his reflection of the horrific events of that day, he felt he needed to do something. So he took some money that was gifted to him for his bar mitzvah and sent a donation to our synagogue as his way of connecting with us and sharing in his sorrow and at hoping for a brighter future. And I thought, wow. That just took my breath away. And to me, that's so uplifting. NOEL KING, BYLINE: I wonder, though, over the past couple of months whether or not your perspective has changed at all on anti-Semitism in this country. MYERS: I don't think my perspective has changed at all. Many felt that this sort of horrific massacre was inevitable at some point in the history of the Jewish community in the United States. It was going to happen. Many were surprised that it didn't happen, I guess, historically sooner than it did, but that it was going to happen at some point. KING: You know, people will hear you say that there was a sense of inevitability, and they'll say, you know, no one should have to live like that. This is the United States of America. What do you say to people who don't understand what it's like to be in the United States and to know that anti-Semitism does exist? MYERS: This one has probably the longest-running form of bigotry in existence in humanity because it's been around literally almost as long as the Jewish people have been around. I'd like to think in some, you know, rosy sort of view of the United States that our country was founded because people were escaping bigotry and prejudice in Europe and came to a new place to build a new life. And yet there's some disappointment there in that the hopes that people could escape those forms of bigotry didn't materialize. It still exists. Americans still preach words that wound and hurt fellow citizens. KING: Rabbi, you've been advocating for political leaders and for people of all parties and all faiths to eliminate the word hate from their vocabulary. Why? MYERS: When we use words of hate, to use that word only once, we're creating a more dangerous world because those words lead to actions such as the massacre that occurred in Tree of Life on October 27. So if one could just be careful and think about what they say and how they use their words, people may come to realize, wow, my words really have an impact. I can be really more careful about those choices. KING: Having had time to reflect, I wonder do you have a message for the man who committed these murders? MYERS: I think that's the first time I've been asked that question. To me, it's such an unconscionable act that it defies answers. I don't think that anything I could ask, I would find a suitable answer that would soothe my soul, ease my pain or burden. So I don't have anything that I would ask at this time. I don't know if I ever would. KING: Rabbi Jeffrey Myers, thank you so much for being with us. MYERS: A pleasure to have a conversation with you. Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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Sen. Warren's Timing Was Brilliant, Former Obama Adviser Says Sen. Elizabeth Warren outlined a potential presidential bid Monday. Rachel Martin talks to Anita Dunn, an ex-senior adviser for President Obama, about how candidates can differentiate themselves. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Well, as we mark this new year, take note. We are now just 672 days away from the 2020 presidential election. Sorry about that. And already four Democratic contenders have announced they're either running or are considering running. Senator Elizabeth Warren is the most high-profile of those. She announced yesterday in a video message to supporters that she is forming an exploratory committee. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) ELIZABETH WARREN: I'm in this fight all the way. Right now, Washington works great for the wealthy and the well-connected. It's just not working for anyone else. MARTIN: The field of Democrats is likely to open up to two dozen names all told. So how can Democrats distinguish themselves from one another? We're going to ask Anita Dunn that question. Back in 2008, Dunn helped to distinguish Senator Barack Obama from the others running for the Democratic nomination. She served as the communications director for the presidential campaign, and she joins us now. Anita, Happy New Year. ANITA DUNN: And a Happy New Year to you and to your listeners. MARTIN: Thanks for being here. So what do you make of Senator Warren's timing? What are the benefits and the risks of getting out so early ahead of the rest of the crowd? DUNN: I thought her timing was brilliant. Anytime you make news between Christmas and New Years, you basically have a clear field. Even with the government shutdown, it was still, I thought, a very strong way to end the year and begin the year for her. I also thought that the way she did it is symbolic of the way people are going to do these announcements now, which is direct communication to their supporters. She also had a very clear message, which is going to be the chief differentiator for all these candidates in 2020. MARTIN: I mean, you talk about what is differentiating her. In her message, she focused on economic inequality and really seemed to be tacking even more left. Is that how you think of her? Is that how she is positioning herself in this race? DUNN: You know, I don't think - I don't think of it as left or right when it comes to Elizabeth Warren. She has a consistent record over the years of fighting the economic issues for the middle class. It is what propelled her into the administration - into the Obama administration. It is what propelled her into the United States Senate. And it is what has made her an effective United States senator. How that translates to the presidential campaign level will be interesting to see for all of these candidates who are thinking about running. But for Elizabeth Warren, economic inequality and economic issues around the middle class and the lower-middle class, how people get taken advantage of, have been the propelling value of her political life. MARTIN: Although, she's had - she's had a lot of publicity as of late for really getting into it with President Trump, so much so that some Democrats have warned that she has too much political baggage. And this is the challenge for Democrats - right? - how much to engage Trump in a back-and-forth about things that aren't related to policy. What are the pitfalls as you see them? DUNN: The winner of the Democratic nomination will be the candidate who successfully figures out how to engage Trump, how to challenge Trump, how to take him on on issues and how to communicate with the voters who voted for him in 2016. And that's why this is going to be a primary process we need to have as Democrats because it's not clear the most effective way to do this. In 2016, we saw an entire field of Republican candidates not do it effectively. Each Democrat is going to figure out their way, but the person who wins the nomination will be the person who figures this out. MARTIN: Do you think Elizabeth Warren handled it right? DUNN: I think everybody will have their fits and starts along the way. Everybody will kind of feel out what their style will be. MARTIN: That sounds like a no. DUNN: It's not a no. It's not a yes because I don't tend to think that things that happened in 2016 - 2018 are going to be determinative of who wins the nomination in 2020. MARTIN: All right. It's a couple years away. DUNN: It's a couple of years away. And every candidate is going to make their mistakes in this, Rachel. MARTIN: I mean, it sounds like you like her though. I mean, there's a long list of people who are thinking about throwing their hat in the ring - Kamala Harris, Cory Booker, faces we know - Joe Biden, Bernie Sanders. Does she stand out in that crowd, or do you like someone else? DUNN: I'm like a lot of Democrats. I like whoever can beat Donald Trump, and I - and I like almost - I like all the candidates who are running. I know many of them. I've worked with some of them. They're all very, in their own ways, effective, great public servants. And that's why this is going to be a very valuable primary process for the Democratic Party. We as a party have issues to sort out, and this primary process will allow us to do it. MARTIN: Is it going to be dangerous to have so many in the field, though, to get these candidates all battered up before the general? DUNN: No, I think the larger field means that it's harder for one candidate to become a lightning rod, at least at the beginning. And it gives some of the lesser-known candidates time to develop their messages. Having an open primary process is better for this party than a small group of people who ran. I didn't think 2016 was healthy for the party. I think this is healthier. MARTIN: Anita Dunn, former communications director for Barack Obama. We appreciate your time this morning. DUNN: Well, thank you for having me, and Happy New Year. MARTIN: Happy New Year. Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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News Brief: Government Shutdown, Spying Charges, North Korea It's Day 11 of the partial government shutdown, and there's no end in sight. Russian authorities arrest an American on spying charges. North Korea's leader has given his annual New Year's Day address. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: It is up to a new Congress in this new year to resolve a government shutdown. Roughly 800,000 federal employees are unsure when they'll be paid. President Trump demanded $5 billion to help build a wall on the border with Mexico. Democrats offered less for various border security measures. The president told Fox News last night he's ready to talk. (SOUNDBITE OF FOX NEWS BROADCAST) PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: So I'm ready to go any time they want. No, we are not giving up. We have to have border security, and the wall is a big part of border security - the biggest part. MARTIN: The president spoke amid confusion about what he really wants. His outgoing chief of staff, John Kelly, said the administration ditched the idea of an actual wall a long time ago, instead favoring fences, technology and more border guards. NPR's White House reporter Ayesha Rascoe joins us now. Ayesha. AYESHA RASCOE, BYLINE: Good morning. MARTIN: Happy New Year. RASCOE: Happy New Year. (Laughter). MARTIN: I'm assuming you, like me, did not go out and party it up last night 'cause we had to talk about the news this morning. So thanks for making the sacrifice. RASCOE: (Laughter). Yeah. MARTIN: Democrats - let's get right to it. Democrats and Republicans have been stuck in this stalemate for a long time now. Thursday, Democrats take control of the House. What's expected to change? RASCOE: Well, at this point it doesn't look like much will change. But you will finally have some concrete action where, up until now, we've had a lot of talk. So Democrats plan to put forward legislation that would fund the government. Basically, it will provide, like, a year of funding for most of the departments and agencies that are currently shut down. For the Department of Homeland Security, which is at the center of this wall fight, it would provide this stopgap spending bill. And that would basically just push the issue back to February. But this does not include any wall or barrier funding. So it's not clear it's going to go anywhere. Trump is saying you cannot have border security without a wall. And Republicans in the Senate say they won't bring up anything that Trump doesn't support. So it seems like this impasse will remain, even if Democrats pass their bill in the House on Thursday. MARTIN: I mean, what leverage is even left for either party? RASCOE: Well, so right now it seems like the White House wants to use the shutdown to pressure the Democrats to come to the table. Basically, you have all of these people out of work. Something has to be done. President Trump is arguing that the government needs to be reopened and that Democrats need to show that they're concerned about border security. But he's making this case at the Democrats with Democrats set to take over the House after they gained all these seats in an election where Trump made immigration a top issue. So his leverage is not what it would have been before the midterm elections. Democrats, of course, say they're offering money for border security, just not for a wall, and - which they don't see as effective. And they see it as a symbol of what they oppose about President Trump's immigration policies. And Democrats have their own base that they're trying to play to. And basically, they're arguing President Trump said he would own the shutdown. He said that Mexico would pay for the wall. And that - that's their argument that they're making. And so they're trying to move ahead without any funding for the barrier - I mean, for a barrier or for a wall. But ultimately, something is going to have to give. The question is who is going to do the giving... MARTIN: Right. RASCOE: ...And what it might look like. They need each other at this point, the president and the Democrats. They're going to have to come together on something. MARTIN: Right. So I guess if we thought it was tough for the last Congress to get anything done, 2019's going to be a doozy, right? RASCOE: It - it will. There won't be - there's no shortage of areas of disagreement. And there's going to be a lot of things that they're just going to bump heads on. And this is an example of the start of it. MARTIN: All right, NPR White House reporter Ayesha Rascoe with the latest. Thanks so much, lady, we appreciate it. RASCOE: Thank you. (SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) MARTIN: Now to Russia, where an American citizen has been detained. The FSB - that's the Russian security service - says that Paul Whelan was taken into custody late last week on suspicion of espionage. Here in Washington, the U.S. State Department put out a short statement saying essentially that they're just aware of the arrest. This comes weeks after a Russian operative was convicted of conspiracy here in the U.S., trying to influence U.S. policy ahead of the 2016 presidential election. For more, we've got NPR's Lucian Kim on the line with us from Moscow. Lucian, Happy New Year. LUCIAN KIM, BYLINE: Happy New Year. Good morning. MARTIN: Any new details? Good morning. Any new details come out about this arrest yet? KIM: Well, not really. All we have is this very terse statement from the FSB that was issued yesterday. And it basically named this American citizen, identified as Paul Whelan, who was arrested, quote, "in the act of spying in Moscow" last Friday. And we know that a criminal investigation for espionage has been opened. As you mentioned, there's also the State Department's statement from yesterday - also very terse - saying the U.S. is aware of the detention and expects Russia to follow its obligations under international conventions. What that means is providing access to this individual by U.S. Embassy officials. But we don't know anything about this person except the name given by the FSB. And the State Department is not commenting due to what it calls privacy considerations. MARTIN: So I mean, it's hard to ignore the fact that this arrest is coming really close after this Russian national, Maria Butina, pled guilty to conspiring to act as a Russian agent and basically infiltrate American political groups. I mean, are these connected? It would seem real weird if they're not. KIM: Well, of course there's a lot of speculation right now that this might be a Russian response to Butina's detention and plea deal and that this American citizen accused of espionage may be used to swap out Butina. President Vladimir Putin has been asked about her. And he's said that she was forced to make a confession to U.S. prosecutors because he maintains she never had any Russian government duties. He's also said the charges against her are baseless and that he's not indifferent to her case. What's interesting is at the same time, he said that Russia will not arrest innocent people just to use them as bargaining chips. MARTIN: So we also remember last year - right? - Russia expelled 60 U.S. diplomats after the Trump administration kicked out 60 Russian diplomats. So this has been going on for a while. As we look down the pike at 2019, what's the state of the relationship between the U.S. and Russia? KIM: Well, just about those diplomats - at the time, the Trump administration indicated that those Russians it expelled were intelligence officers working under diplomatic cover. And of course, the arrest last week is not the best way to end the year. MARTIN: Right. KIM: In February we expect the Trump administration to withdraw from a 1987 arms control treaty that the U.S. says Russia is violating. President Trump also doesn't look like he will meet President Putin anytime soon because it looks like the White House has made that - a future meeting contingent on Russia releasing two dozen - two dozen Ukrainian navy sailors that it's captured. Of course, in the U.S. we have the Mueller investigation grinding on. We have the Democrats taking over the House. And these are - of course are also factors that will affect U.S.-Russia relations. So unfortunately, not a lot of bright spots looking forward into this new year. MARTIN: All right, buckle up. NPR's Lucian Kim from Moscow. Thanks so much, Lucian. KIM: Thank you, Rachel. (SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) MARTIN: All right, we're going to turn now to North Korea, where Kim Jong Un, North Korea's leader, has given his annual new year's address. And in this televised speech, Un says he remains committed to complete denuclearization but only if the U.S. keeps its promises. Kim Jong Un also said he'd be willing to meet with President Trump again, anytime. NPR's Anthony Kuhn joins us now from Seoul. Anthony, happy 2019. ANTHONY KUHN, BYLINE: Happy 2019, Rachel. MARTIN: So just from that snapshot I gave, it doesn't seem like Kim Jong Un is paving the way for a breakthrough on the nuclear issue, does it? KUHN: No, not at all. The speech was pretty much what analysts expected - especially those analysts who predict that this stalemate on the nuclear issue is going to drag on well into the new year. What Kim said is that, you know, he's serious about improving relations with the U.S. and denuclearizing. But North Korea's been pointing out for a while that since the Trump-Kim summit in June, they have made gestures such as dismantling nuclear and missile test sites. And so now it's up to the U.S. to reciprocate by easing sanctions or providing some sort of security guarantee. And there is an or-else. Let's hear some tape from Kim's speech here. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) LEADER KIM JONG UN: (Speaking Korean). KUHN: "If the U.S. fails to keep the promises it made before the world," he says, "if it misjudges the patience of our people and continues to use sanctions and pressure against our republic, then we'll have no choice except to seek a new path to secure the sovereignty and interests of our country." Now, he didn't say what exactly that new path is, Rachel, but it sounds a lot like the old path of hostility and confrontation with the U.S. - except now with a more lethal nuclear arsenal. And also, we might note that the setting for this, the scene for this speech was different. He was sitting in a wood-paneled, bookshelf-lined office, which was apparently intended to look more like a president's office than a dictator's bunker. MARTIN: Does he have a wood-paneled, bookshelf-lined office? Or is that a stage set? (Laughter). KUHN: We don't know. MARTIN: Unclear. KUHN: I've never been in his office. MARTIN: (Laughter). So what's he holding out for? KUHN: Well, you remember the Trump-Kim summit in June. People saw right then that that was the vaguest of deals and that the U.S. and North Korea have completely different understandings of denuclearization. And they have, you know, emphasized this time and again, that when they say denuclearization, that includes getting rid of the U.S. nuclear umbrella that protects South Korea and Japan. And today, Kim added in his speech, you know, no new strategic weapons on the Korean Peninsula and an end to U.S.-South Korean joint military exercises. So it seems that North Korea is holding out for another summit where they're going to try to squeeze more concessions out of President Trump. MARTIN: Meanwhile, south, in South Korea, the U.S. and the South were supposed to strike this new deal on the U.S. military presence. And this was supposed to happen by New Year's Eve. And it didn't happen, right? KUHN: Right. MARTIN: So what's going on there? KUHN: Well, the White House wants all allies to pay more. According to South Korean media, they're asking Seoul for a 50 percent increase. And they want to cut their five-year agreements down to just one so that they strike a deal with South Korea, and then they ask all other allies for similar terms. And South Korea has said no. Seoul was not happy about the U.S. pullout from Syria. And they're also worried about the resignation of Mattis, who tried to reassure allies, including South Korea, that he wouldn't either - the U.S. wouldn't pull out, and they also wouldn't attack North Korea without consulting with them first. MARTIN: All right, NPR's Anthony Kuhn from Seoul, reporting on Kim Jong Un's annual address. Anthony, we appreciate it. KUHN: No problem. Take care, Rachel. MARTIN: Take care. (SOUNDBITE OF TRAMPIQUE'S "EARTH") Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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Co-Founder Of 'Time's Up' Campaign Reflects On First Year Of Action NPR's Audie Cornish speaks with Fatima Goss Graves. She's co-founder of the Times Up campaign. It was founded in response to the #MeToo movement one year ago today.

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Homelessness Strains Compassion For Some Los Angeles Residents Enlarge this image toggle caption Anna Scott/NPR Anna Scott/NPR Approximately 50,000 people are experiencing homelessness in and around L.A., according to the latest count by the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority. The vast majority of them live unsheltered on the streets. According to city officials and nonprofit leaders, there's a growing frustration among L.A. residents who — despite the city's big new investments in housing and services — continue to confront L.A.'s homeless crisis in their daily lives. For the past few years, a man has been living on and off in the carport at Shannon Peace's building near West Hollywood, Calif. For a while, he had an elaborate encampment right in front of her parking spot. "He had a laptop. He had a bicycle," she says. "And he used our storage bins." Still, Peace figured he wasn't hurting anyone, and for a while she thought of the man as an unofficial neighbor. That is, until one day she came downstairs to get into her car, said her usual greeting and was met with a blank stare instead of the usual friendly 'hello.' It's a fear issue. When it comes to your own feelings of safety, suddenly it influences the way you view the entire issue. "His eyes were glazed over and he was muttering to himself," Peace says. "That was the point at which I went 'OK, this is really a safety issue. This is somebody who potentially has mental illness — potentially has a substance abuse problem.'" She called police, but the man still returns to the carport periodically. Peace says the experience has hardened her a little bit towards homeless people in general. That feeling is uncomfortable for her to admit. As a kid growing up in L.A., Peace would beg her mother to give money to panhandlers. Now, she says, she's less likely to interact with men and women on the streets than she used to be. "I've interrogated my feelings on this to make sure that this is not judgment, to make sure this is not me being disdainful," she says. "It's a fear issue. When it comes to your own feelings of safety, suddenly it influences the way you view the entire issue." Growing tension "There's definitely a growing tension and people [are] frustrated by the challenges that we're facing here in this city," says L.A. City Councilwoman Monica Rodriguez. "It's a challenge." Rodriguez recently asked California state lawmakers to extend hate crime protections to people experiencing homelessness after a few violent incidents against homeless people. Those are rare cases, but Rodriguez says she worries generally about anger towards L.A.'s homeless community. Not only for humanitarian reasons, but because homeless housing and services often depend on public dollars and public support. "We have [solutions]," Rodriguez says, but it requires citizens "to have the compassion and the empathy to work with us to help address this problem." Two years ago, L.A. voters overwhelmingly passed Measure HHH, a city bond to fund homeless housing. In 2017, they passed a county-wide sales tax increase called Measure H, to fund various homeless services. Despite all this new money flowing to a number of projects, tens of thousands of men and women still sleep on the streets. The situation has led to increasing impatience among some voters. In some parts of the region, anger over encampments and a potentially dangerous element amongst L.A.'s homeless has resulted in explosive town halls, hateful social media posts and even one citizen patrol to monitor encampments. More often, however, the housed and unhoused live in peaceful but uneasy coexistence. Homeless feel judged On a recent afternoon on L.A.'s westside, about a half dozen homeless men spread their belongings across picnic tables and on the lawn of a busy park. Nearby, children swarmed a playground. One of the men, 59-year-old Filipe Calderon, says he knows people judge him. "They see you pushing the cart, they look at you funny," he says. He also says he's as unhappy with his situation as any onlooker could be. "I haven't showered in about a month," he says. "So I don't feel good." Calderon used to have a carpentry business but lost it to drinking. His alcoholism cost him his family too, driving away his wife and two adult children. Although he still drinks, he'd like to quit this year. "I'm gonna get back on my feet again," he says. Nonetheless, he points out a beer cooler he keeps in a shopping cart hidden behind some plants. Calderon's story is long and complicated, but on the surface it's the kind of story that can strain some residents' empathy. It's easy to feel for the financial victim or the person who ended up homeless after a health crisis. It's more difficult to identify with the person who appears somehow complicit in his or her own circumstances, or appears to be doing something wrong. Yet this mental sorting between who is "deserving" and "undeserving" is one of the biggest hurdles to fostering empathy around homelessness, says Ann English, who works for the nonprofit Corporation for Supportive Housing. More than homeless English directs a program training formerly homeless men and women to share their stories in public. One of the program's goals is put individual faces on L.A.'s massive homeless crisis. English says she tells community members to think of a couple of things when faced with a person on the street who appears intoxicated or disruptive. "First, that's not the entire story for that person," English says. "Second, everyone that you see is a drop in the bucket of all the people that are experiencing homelessness. Just recognizing the assumptions that you're making without knowing the facts affects what we're able to do about the situation." Not everyone sees an empathy gap among L.A. residents. L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti says the city's getting more volunteers around homeless causes than ever before. Residents "still need a lot of help in their neighborhoods," he says, "but they're feeling what they voted for starting to come to fruition." He also says the city is housing more people than ever. Yet it's not enough to keep up with all the people falling into homelessness, which is why the situation on the streets looks a lot like it did. Garcetti says he's fine with L.A. residents feeling impatient. "I think we should remain frustrated," he says, "but we should also remain committed." He also emphasizes the city's progress. "Because a very complex problem didn't go away overnight," he says, "doesn't mean that things aren't happening."

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Rejected By Italy, Thousands Of Migrants From Africa Risk The Alps To Reach France Enlarge this image toggle caption Piero Cruciatti/AFP/Getty Images Piero Cruciatti/AFP/Getty Images At a ski resort in northern Italy's Susa Valley, outside Turin, children scoot their way onto the bunny slopes as others make snow angels. But deeper in these woods, not far from the border with France, a dangerous and sometimes deadly scene unfolds. Just after midnight, Red Cross workers pick up a 28-year-old man, an African migrant. His pulse is weak and his breathing is shallow — classic symptoms of hypothermia. The altitude is 6,000 feet and it's 10 degrees Fahrenheit, but he's not even wearing a jacket — just a hoodie, jeans and sneakers. One of his rescuers, Alessia Amendola, pours him some hot tea. "Immigrants are trying to go from Italy to France, illegally of course," she says. "We are in the mountains, where it's really dangerous." On average, she and other Red Cross volunteers rescue 15 migrants per night. But they have rescued as many as 40 in one night. Most are from sub-Saharan Africa. They've already risked their lives crossing the Mediterranean Sea from North Africa to Italy. Now they're trying to get out of Italy, which has made clear it doesn't want them. But this time, they're in an unfamiliar Alpine climate. "They don't even know what they are going to face," Amendola says. The Red Cross team picks up another migrant, delirious from the freezing cold. His eyes roll back as he collapses into their van. "Wake up! Wake up," says rescuer Michaela Macrì, as she slaps his cheeks. He too has hypothermia, and possibly frostbite on his hands and feet. For a moment, he wakes up and says his name — Seidu. He's from Senegal. He says he's 14. In this border region, an estimated 5,000 migrants have attempted to cross into France in 2018, according to local municipalities and aid groups. About half make it — local municipalities say more than 2,000 have crossed since last spring. But many don't. "We found several bodies of migrants this spring during the thaw," says Paolo Narcisi, a doctor and the president of Rainbow For Africa, an Italian nonprofit medical organization. "But some bodies we'll never recover. Because there are wild animals. Or the bodies decompose. If you don't know the way, it's easy to wind up off a cliff. And no one will ever find you." To understand why migrants are taking such deadly risks to leave Italy, look no further than the country's vice premier and interior minister, Matteo Salvini. In late November, his government passed a law that eliminates humanitarian grounds for granting asylum to people who are not fleeing political persecution or war. "You're not fleeing war. You're not escaping torture. What do you have to do? Go back to your country," Salvini said during an interview with Italian broadcaster RAI shortly after the law passed. "We already have 5 million Italians living in poverty. So I can't host hundreds of thousands of other people from the rest of the world." In 2017, roughly 130,000 people applied for asylum in Italy, second only to Germany in the European Union for the number of first-time applicants. Refugee status was granted to 6,827 people; about 27,000 others received other forms of protection. More than 119,000 migrants arrived in Italy by sea in 2017, according to the U.N. migration agency. Figures from the Italian interior ministry show a dramatic drop in 2018, with only 23,011 migrants and refugees arriving — a decline of more than 80 percent. Migrants started passing through the Alps to France even before the recent immigration law. After terrorist attacks in Paris in 2015, France reinstated border controls with Italy. That sparked a wave of migrants who sought to cross the border in temperate conditions near the Mediterranean coast. Starting last spring, French police cracked down on undocumented migrants crossing the border, prompting migrants to move to the Alpine north, where border controls are more difficult to enforce. The United Nations has blasted Italy's new law, warning it will violate human rights and fuel hate, as well as make it harder for migrants to access shelters. It's feared that thousands will wind up living on the streets. Enlarge this image toggle caption Christopher Livesay for NPR Christopher Livesay for NPR Two migrants who are living on Italy's streets are Abdul Razak and Harouna Waija, both 22 years old and from Ghana. Razak left because of poverty, he says; Waija because he converted from Islam to Christianity. His family wanted to kill him as a result, he says. In a train station near the French border in December, they are suiting up to cross the Alps. It is the first time they've seen snow. What looks like a second pair of jeans is coming out the ankles of Waija's pants. "It's five," he says. He's wearing five pairs of pants. Razak says he understands the risks and has nothing to lose. They've been sleeping on the streets after failing to gain asylum in Italy. The mountains can't be much worse, he reasons. "I'm worried, but I have to try," he says. "I want a better life." The two agree to let me follow along, and are joined by four other French-speaking migrants. The odd car whizzes by on the nearby highway as snow crunches beneath their feet. It's pitch-dark outside — easier to evade detection, but also easier to get lost. A passerby pulls over and points them toward the border. Soon, they're in the woods, just a few feet from a border post flying the French flag — and French gendarmes patrolling the frontier. Whispers of "la police" ripple through the group. If they get any closer, they risk being caught. They change course again, and decide to take their chances deeper in the woods. To the left, there's a ravine they want to cross. The other side is completely covered in trees they can use for cover. I walk with them for about 200 yards, until the snow starts coming up to my knees. I hear water running nearby, and worry about falling blindly into an icy river. I say goodbye and turn back, and the six migrants disappear into the darkness. The next morning, I get a call from Abdul Razak. He tells me he made it across the border to France. But after four hours of wandering in the snow, he was caught by French gendarmes and sent back to Italy. Harouna Waija wound up in an Italian hospital, where a nurse says he was treated for exposure. After a few hours on an IV drip, he'll be okay. "Yesterday the cold was freezing me," he says, with an audible shiver still in his voice. "My blood was frozen. It was very difficult." Going through the icy Alps, he says, is "not a good way. I'm regret." For now, the two are resigned to staying in Italy. Once spring comes and the snow melts, that's another story, they say. The seasons will change. Italy's crackdown on migrants might not. Follow Christopher Livesay on Twitter @clivesay.

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In an exclusive interview aired during Fox News' "All-American New Year" special Monday night, President Trump suggested that only U.S. Sen. Elizabeth Warren's "psychiatrist" knows whether she thinks she can win the White House in 2020. Warren, a Massachusetts Democrat, announced Monday she is filing paperwork to launch an exploratory committee for president, becoming the first candidate to take the major step toward a 2020 run for the presidency. Fox News' Pete Hegseth asked Trump whether Warren really thinks she could make him a one-term president. "Well, that I don't know," Trump responded. "You’d have to ask her psychiatrist." CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP Warren, a liberal firebrand who rose to prominence during the 2008 financial crisis, angered many top Democrats and Native American groups in October by releasing inconclusive DNA test results in response to Trump's claims that she repeatedly lied about her heritage to obtain affirmative-action benefits in the course of her academic career. The Cherokee Nation responded to the results at the time by asserting that “a DNA test is useless to determine tribal citizenship.” And Kim TallBear, an associate professor at the University of Alberta in Canada, remarked that Warren's "very desire to locate a claim to Native American identity in a DNA marker inherited from a long-ago ancestor is a settler-colonial racial understanding of what it is to be Native American." "Elizabeth Warren will be the first," Trump told Hegseth in the phone interview. "She did very badly in proving that she was of Indian heritage. That didn't work out too well." According to Warren's DNA analysis, "the vast majority” of Warren’s family tree is European and there is “strong evidence” she has Native-American ancestry “in the range of 6-10 generations ago.” As reported by the Boston Globe, this means she could be between 1/64 and 1/1,024 Native American. "I think you have more than she does, and maybe I do too, and I have nothing," Trump said, referring to tribal heritage. "So, we’ll see how she does. I wish her well, I hope she does well, I’d love to run against her." Trump repeatedly has derided Warren for claiming she has Native American ancestry. At a rally in July, he joked that he would pull out a heritage kit during a hypothetical presidential debate with Warren and slowly toss it at her, "hoping it doesn't hit her and injure her arm, even though it only weighs probably two ounces." "If you go just based on the record, I don't see how anybody [else] wins" in 2020, Trump said. "It doesn't just seem based on the record that somebody's going to do really well." The president said the big winners of 2018 are "the American people," owing to progress on the economy and the military. As for the big losers, Trump suggested some of the Democratic candidates lining up against him might soon qualify. Trump's New Year's resolution: "Success, prosperity, and health for our country." Separately, Trump again invited top Democrats to join him in Washington to resolve the ongoing partial federal government shutdown -- but he signaled that a border wall is an essential element of any deal. One bipartisan proposal to end the shutdown that has been floated among key senators is to provide $5.7 billion in funding for the border wall, as well as a congressional reauthorization of the Obama-era Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program for those brought to the U.S. illegally as children, along with some other immigration provisions. There also has been talk about a special allowance for some classes of Central American refugees to be granted more robust asylum statuses. "You’d have to ask her psychiatrist." — President Trump on Elizabeth Warren's chances of winning in 2020 "I’m in Washington, I'm ready, willing and able. I'm in the White House, I'm ready to go," Trump said. He added that Democratic House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer "can come over right now, they could've come over anytime." The president emphasized that he canceled his plans to spend Christmas and New Year's Day at his Mar-a-Lago retreat in Florida because of the partial shutdown, and signaled that he remains concerned about the approximately 800,000 federal workers who are affected by furloughs and understaffing. "The wall is not old-fashioned. The wall is one-hundred percent foolproof. ... I spent Christmas in the White House, I spent New Year’s Eve now in the White House," Trump said. "And you know, I'm here, I’m ready to go. It's very important. A lot of people are looking to get their paycheck, so I'm ready to go whenever they want." He added: "No, we are not giving up. We have to have border security and the wall is a big part of border security. The biggest part." Later in the interview, Trump reaffirmed his decision to order all U.S. troops out of Syria. Following a weekend meeting at the White House with U.S. Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., who has fervently criticized Trump's pullout, the president made clear the withdrawal would not be rushed. "We're fighting these endless wars. I campaigned on getting out of the endless wars," Trump said. "And frankly I've done more than I've said -- not only have I gotten out, but we've won. ... We have to bring our troops back home. It's time." Fox News' Chad Pergram and Alex Pappas contributed to this report.

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Trump Invites Congressional Leaders For Talks As Shutdown Continues Enlarge this image toggle caption Mark Wilson/Getty Images Mark Wilson/Getty Images Updated at 6:12 p.m. ET As the partial government shutdown continues into its second week, President Trump has invited a bipartisan group of top lawmakers to the White House for talks, two congressional sources say. The meeting, described as a "briefing" on "border security," would take place Wednesday, a day before Democrats are set to take over the House, the sources tell NPR's Scott Detrow. The White House has not responded to questions about the invitation, which was first reported by Politico. But President Trump hinted at the talks in a New Year's Day tweet. "Border Security and the Wall 'thing' and Shutdown is not where Nancy Pelosi wanted to start her tenure as Speaker! Let's make a deal?" Trump asked. Replying to Trump's tweet, Rep. Nancy Pelosi, who is set to take over as speaker, wrote that the president "has given Democrats a great opportunity to show how we will govern responsibly & quickly pass our plan to end the irresponsible #TrumpShutdown." Trump has insisted on $5.7 billion for a southern border wall, but Democratic congressional leaders have stood firm against the funding. The House is expected to vote on a funding bill to end the partial government shutdown on Thursday. That's the first day of the new Congress, when Democrats will take control of the chamber and are expected to elect Pelosi as speaker. According to Pelosi, the legislation will include the full-year appropriations for six of the seven outstanding funding bills. And it would provide stopgap funding until Feb. 8 for the Department of Homeland Security, which is where the fight over border wall funding is contained. "It is important to note that these bills contain no new wall funding," Pelosi said in a letter Tuesday to Democratic House members. About 800,000 federal employees are furloughed during the partial shutdown or are working without pay. On Friday, Trump issued an executive order freezing the salary rates for civilian federal workers.

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California Housing Development Is A 'Disaster Waiting To Happen' California suffered devastating wildfires in 2018. But cities and counties are still allowing subdivisions to stretch out into the suburban edges with the highest risks of wildfire. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: In 2018, we saw a lot of devastating wildfires in the state of California. During our coverage, we heard from people conflicted about whether or not to rebuild in the same areas that burned to the ground. But just weeks after the deadly Camp Fire, a massive, new housing development was approved in a high-fire-risk area near Los Angeles. Reporter Emily Guerin from member station KPCC took a look at the financial bet of rebuilding. EMILY GUERIN, BYLINE: Back in September, the Orange County Board of Supervisors approved a new housing development called Esperanza Hills. It's 340 luxury homes on an undeveloped patch of land. It's got amazing views of hills and canyons. And Kevin Johnson thinks it's a disaster waiting to happen. KEVIN JOHNSON: This site is probably the most dangerous site in Southern California that you could pick to put 340 new families into. GUERIN: He's a lawyer for one of the environmental groups that opposes the project. And he says what makes this site so dangerous is that a huge wildfire swept through here just 10 years ago. (SOUNDBITE OF VIDEO) UNIDENTIFIED PERSON: (Yelling) Stacy (ph), come on. (Unintelligible). Go ahead and drive. GUERIN: In this recording by Casper News (ph), a man is rushing his wife into their car as a helicopter dumps water on the flames nearby. People who lived through it said the evacuation was chaotic, and they barely got out. Ed Schumann's house and 380 others burned down that day. And he does not like the idea of adding hundreds more houses to the community. ED SCHUMANN: Evacuating that more many people in the same limited infrastructure - it's a scary thought. GUERIN: So why would anyone want to build in such a risky place? DOUGLAS WYMORE: California is woefully deficient in housing units. GUERIN: And he's right. That's the developer of Esperanza Hills, Douglas Wymore. WYMORE: When somebody comes into develop, it's going to be the areas that aren't currently developed, right? GUERIN: In fact, more than 60 percent of new houses on the West Coast are in high-fire-risk areas. But Wymore maintains that it is possible to build here safely. His homes will be fire-resistant, he says. They'll have lots of brush clearing and two water tanks for firefighting. WYMORE: I think that the bottom line is you can mitigate it, and you can protect it. GUERIN: So that's the developer. But why would the Orange County Board of Supervisors approve the project? Here's one factor. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) GARY LAMB: It will generate $8,250,000 in property tax. GUERIN: That's Gary Lamb, who works with Wymore. At a public meeting last year, he listed off how much money the project will generate for the community. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) LAMB: Four million will go to the Placentia-Yorba Linda school district. GUERIN: And since 2011, Wymore has donated nearly $50,000 to the political campaigns of various members of the OC Board of Supervisors. Now, none of the supervisors wanted to talk to me for this story. But at a meeting last May, Supervisor Shawn Nelson explained one reason why he was signing off on the project. The Fire Department had already given it the green light. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) SHAWN NELSON: If the Fire Department's satisfied, I'm not inclined to argue with them. I'm not a fireman. GUERIN: But Timothy Kerbrat is a fireman in Orange County. And he says, from what he's seen so far, the project does meet state and local requirements. TIMOTHY KERBRAT: Do they have access? Do they have water? Do they have a defensible space? Do they have hardened structures that they can protect? Are all those things occurring? GUERIN: And in the Esperanza Hills project, he says they are. But here's the thing. If there's a fire, Orange County won't actually have to spend much of its own money to protect the neighborhood. The state and federal governments will reimburse them. Kimiko Barrett is a researcher at Headwaters Economics, which studies land use. KIMIKO BARRETT: The consequences actually aren't borne by the people who are approving these developments. GUERIN: She calls it a moral hazard. And until this changes, she says we're going to keep building in risky areas. For NPR News, I'm Emily Guerin. (SOUNDBITE OF MAN MOUNTAIN'S "PERIPHERAL DRIFT") Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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Jerry Falwell Jr., 56, took over as president of Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia, in 2007, following the death of his father, the Rev. Jerry Falwell, who founded the school. He lives with his wife, Becki, in Bedford County, Virginia. Q: You said recently that conservatives and Christians should stop electing nice guys. Aren't Christians supposed to be nice guys? A: Of course, of course. But that's where people get confused. I almost laugh out loud when I hear Democrats saying things like, "Jesus said suffer the little children to come unto me" and try to use that as the reason we should open up our borders. It's such a distortion of the teachings of Jesus to say that what he taught us to do personally - to love our neighbors as ourselves, help the poor - can somehow be imputed on a nation. Jesus never told Caesar how to run Rome. He went out of his way to say that's the earthly kingdom, I'm about the heavenly kingdom and I'm here to teach you how to treat others, how to help others, but when it comes to serving your country, you render unto Caesar that which is Caesar's. It's a distortion of the teaching of Christ to say Jesus taught love and forgiveness and therefore the United States as a nation should be loving and forgiving, and just hand over everything we have to every other part of the world. That's not what Jesus taught. You almost have to believe that this is a theocracy to think that way, to think that public policy should be dictated by the teachings of Jesus. Q: So, the government you want is one free of religious association? A: Yes. The government should be led by somebody who is going to do what's in the best interest of the government and its people. And I believe that's what Jesus thought, too. Q: In 2016 you wrote in a Washington Post editorial that voters in the 2010 and 2014 midterms sent a message they were "tired of the leftist agenda." What message did voters in the 2018 midterms send? A: This midterm, the president did better than the average president does in his first midterms. So I think the message is that the American people are happy with the direction the country is headed and happy with the economy, happy with our newfound respect in the world. It's a better result than you normally see in the first midterms. Q: You pushed for national leaders to use the term "radical Islamic terrorism" when describing Muslims who are terrorists. Should leaders call it "white supremacist terrorism" when we have violent acts by white supremacists in this country? A: Sure, if a terrorist is someone who is trying to overthrow a political regime. I guess it depends on what your definition of terrorism is. Anybody who kills anybody else or commits violence against anybody else because of their race is horrible. It's just as bad as the 9/11 attack. Q: You and other white evangelical leaders have strongly supported President Donald Trump. What about him exemplifies Christianity and earns him your support? A: What earns him my support is his business acumen. Our country was so deep in debt and so mismanaged by career politicians that we needed someone who was not a career politician, but someone who'd been successful in business to run the country like a business. That's the reason I supported him. Q: The deficit and debt have increased during his first two years. A: Yeah, Congress, the spending bill that they forced on him in order to get the military spending up to where it needed to be - he said that would be the last time he signed one of those. But he had no choice because (President Barack) Obama had decimated the military, and it had to be rebuilt. Q: Is there anything President Trump could do that would endanger that support from you or other evangelical leaders? A: No. Q: That's the shortest answer we've had so far. A: Only because I know that he only wants what's best for this country, and I know anything he does, it may not be ideologically "conservative," but it's going to be what's best for this country, and I can't imagine him doing anything that's not good for the country. Q: Is it hypocritical for evangelical leaders to support a leader who has advocated violence and who has committed adultery and lies often? I understand that a person can be forgiven their sins, but should that person be leading the country? A: When Jesus said we're all sinners, he really meant all of us, everybody. I don't think you can choose a president based on their personal behavior because even if you choose the one that you think is the most decent - let's say you decide Mitt Romney. Nobody could be a more decent human being, better family man. But there might be things that he's done that we just don't know about. So you don't choose a president based on how good they are; you choose a president based on what their policies are. That's why I don't think it's hypocritical. There's two kingdoms. There's the earthly kingdom and the heavenly kingdom. In the heavenly kingdom the responsibility is to treat others as you'd like to be treated. In the earthly kingdom, the responsibility is to choose leaders who will do what's best for your country. Think about it. Why have Americans been able to do more to help people in need around the world than any other country in history? It's because of free enterprise, freedom, ingenuity, entrepreneurism and wealth. A poor person never gave anyone a job. A poor person never gave anybody charity, not of any real volume. It's just common sense to me. Q: You've been criticized by some other evangelical leaders about your support for the president. They say you need to demand higher moral and ethical standards. You disagree with them on that? A: It may be immoral for them not to support him, because he's got African-American employment to record highs, Hispanic employment to record highs. They need to look at what the president did for the poor. A lot of the people who criticized me, because they had a hard time stomaching supporting someone who owned casinos and strip clubs or whatever, a lot them have come around and said, "Yeah, you were right." Some of the most prominent evangelicals in the country have said, "Jerry, we thought you were crazy, but now we understand." First published in the Washington Post

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A postal service worker working in an unmarked postal vehicle was shot multiple times Saturday evening in Elk Grove Village, police in the suburb said. The shooting was the first in the village of about 32,000 residents in two years, according to a news release from the suburb’s Police Department. Village police were called to Brantwood Avenue and Smethwick Lane about 6 p.m. after a resident heard the employee calling out for help, the police statement said. Witnesses told investigators they saw a dark-colored SUV leaving the area after the shooting. The victim, whose identity wasn’t disclosed by police, was taken to Lutheran General Hospital in Park Ridge for treatment. His condition was not immediately known, police said. The department said that the police presence in the area would be bolstered in coming days. Police ask that anyone with additional information call the Elk Grove Village Police Department at (847) 357-4100. [email protected] Twitter @312BreakingNews

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Lawmakers Hope New House Day Care Will Keep Staff On Capitol Hill Enlarge this image toggle caption Architect of the Capitol's Office Architect of the Capitol's Office Within sight of the U.S. Capitol dome, a new dome is about to open. It's on the playground of a new day care facility exclusively for U.S. House employees, and the playground is designed in part to look like a kid-sized National Mall. "This is the only Washington Monument in D.C. that you can climb up," joked House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., who helped inspire the playground's design. McCarthy will become minority leader in the next Congress, but as majority leader he used the office to secure space in a government building adjacent to the Capitol — and more than $12 million in taxpayer funds — for a 26,000 square foot, state-of-the-art childcare facility. Enlarge this image toggle caption J. Scott Applewhite/AP J. Scott Applewhite/AP The first phase, opening this week, will provide care for up to 120 infants and toddlers. The second phase will add 122 preschoolers in about a year. The expansion will reduce the House day care's waiting list from three years down to just one, making it much easier for new parents to plan for childcare. This use of taxpayer funds could open up Congress to criticism, but McCarthy says the goal here is to keep highly qualified staff on the Hill. The day care is only available to House employees. (The Senate operates its own day care facility that continues to have a lengthy wait list.) "If somebody is working for you and wants to continue to serve government, but says 'I don't have day care so I can't stay here, the wait list is too long, the quality is not there,' then you are disadvantaging who can actually serve and work in government at the same time," he told NPR. The wait list for the House day care had become so long that staffers were signing up before they were even pregnant. "I've had friends who the minute they got engaged, they're putting themselves on the list," said Melissa Murphy, chief of staff to Rep. David Rouzer, R-N.C., who has two children currently in the day care. Murphy said it's common for congressional staffers to make a reluctant decision to leave the Hill for more lucrative jobs in the private sector, when they decide to start a family. "It's really upsetting to see because they make the decision to leave the Hill and leave public service because the cost of private day care is difficult to maintain on some of the congressional salaries," she said. The House day care costs between $1100 and $1700 a month — a fraction of the cost of comparable private day care in the Washington, D.C., area, which ranks as one of the most expensive places in the country to raise children. Lawmakers get no special treatment. "I never made it off the list," said Rep. Jaime Herrera Beutler, R-Wash., "I had to keep looking like everyone else does. You get on a list, you hope it works, and if it doesn't work you've got to make something happen." NPR identified only two members of Congress — both male lawmakers — who currently have their children enrolled in the day care. Herrera Beutler is one of only ten lawmakers who have given birth while serving in Congress. She is also trying to recruit more young women to run for office, and she said childcare concerns are one of the biggest deterrents for women to run. She hopes the new day care can help change that culture, too. "The message is: You can make this work. For the good of the country and for the good of your family. And so I feel like the day care facility was just another opportunity to give that option so that we get more women — so we are going to be more representative of the American people," she said. The new day care could also open up Congress to public criticism that lawmakers are willing to provide quality, affordable, subsidized childcare for their own, but have done little legislatively to ease the crushing costs of childcare for American families. Outgoing Rep. Kevin Yoder, R-Kansas, played a lead role in securing the taxpayer funds for the day care expansion. Yoder said he sees it as Congress setting a standard for the private sector to compete against. "Congress is trying to lead and make it clear that as a governing body we think it's important that employers put childcare as a priority," he said. And as of this week in the House of Representatives, it is.

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Right-Wing Populist Jair Bolsonaro Sworn In As President Of Brazil Enlarge this image toggle caption Carl De Souza/AFP/Getty Images Carl De Souza/AFP/Getty Images A far-right populist who has been called the Donald Trump of Brazil has been sworn in as President of Latin America's most populous country. Jair Bolsonaro, a retired Army captain who has no executive experience, has promised to crack down on criminals, roll back environmental regulations, restrict abortions and relax gun laws in Brazil. Under tight security and with much ceremony, Bolsonaro took office Tuesday in the country's capital city, Brasilia; in the streets, firefighters misted enthusiastic crowds with water as they cheered on their new president. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo joined the conservative leaders of Israel and Hungary at the swearing-in. President Trump congratulated Bolsonaro on Twitter. Bolsonaro's path to the presidency was nearly cut short in September when he was stabbed in a knife attack while on the campaign trail. But he continued to rally supporters from his hospital bed. As NPR's Philip Reeves reports, Bolsonaro's landslide October election marked a hard turn right for a region that has had leftist leaders for decades. His huge victory delivered a humiliating riposte to political pundits who, for much of his campaign, portrayed Bolsonaro as a showboating maverick who was about as likely to become president as he was to play in Brazil's star-studded soccer team. Bolsonaro, 63, takes charge amid a wave of optimism about his presidency among Brazilians who yearn for a solution to the country's chronic epidemic of crime and corruption. They warm to his promise of restoring traditional Christian family values and are profoundly disillusioned by the leftist politicians who have governed Brazil in recent years. Enlarge this image toggle caption Sergio Lima/AFP/Getty Images Sergio Lima/AFP/Getty Images But his right-wing politics have made others in Brazil nervous. Some gay Brazilians rushed to marry before Bolsonaro took office; while he now says he doesn't have a problem with homosexuals, he previously called himself a proud homophobe and said he's rather have a dead son than a gay son. Bolsonaro also directed his incoming foreign minister to cancel a global environmental conference the country was set to host, as NPR's Merrit Kennedy has reported. Speaking with the Associated Press, Bolsonaro said "environmental politics can't muddle with Brazil's development." On Saturday, Bolsonaro tweeted that he would work to ensure every citizen without a criminal background can own a gun; he had previously said "good guys" with guns would help reduce violent crime in the country. Bolsonaro has spoken admiringly of Brasil's military dictatorship in the 20th century, and promised a "cleansing" of his political opponents that would "wipe them off the map." But after his inauguration he spoke of peace for the people of Brazil and promised to respect democracy, according to Reuters. "We have a great nation to rebuild," Bolsonaro said.

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Russia Arrests U.S. Man In Moscow On Suspicion Of Spying The State Department confirms the man has been arrested and detained by Russian authorities. Steve Inskeep talks to former ambassador Daniel Fried about options for a Trump administration response.

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Say Goodbye To Small Cars In 2019 Low gas prices combined with fuel economy improvements are driving consumers back to SUVs and trucks. 2019 will see the demise of many small cars, leaving first-time car buyers with fewer choices. Say Goodbye To Small Cars In 2019 Business Say Goodbye To Small Cars In 2019 Say Goodbye To Small Cars In 2019 Audio will be available later today. Low gas prices combined with fuel economy improvements are driving consumers back to SUVs and trucks. 2019 will see the demise of many small cars, leaving first-time car buyers with fewer choices. NPR thanks our sponsors Become an NPR sponsor

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To The Dismay Of Free Speech Advocates, Vietnam Rolls Out Controversial Cyber Law Enlarge this image toggle caption HOANG DINH NAM/AFP/Getty Images HOANG DINH NAM/AFP/Getty Images A new cybersecurity law has gone into effect in Vietnam that puts stringent controls on tech companies operating inside the country and censors what its citizens read online. The decree, which was passed by the National Assembly in June 2018, requires companies such as Facebook and Google to open offices in Vietnam, store local user data and to hand over information if the government asks for it. It would also require social media companies to remove any content authorities deemed offensive or "toxic." Opponents of the law say it could hurt Vietnam's economic prospects and allow the one-party Communist government to further crackdown on dissent and free speech. The industry group Asia Internet Coalition (AIC) told Reuters that the law would hurt Vietnam's ambitions for GDP and job growth. "These provisions will result in severe limitations on Vietnam's digital economy, dampening the foreign investment climate and hurting opportunities for local businesses and [small-to-medium-sized enterprises] to flourish inside and beyond Vietnam," AIC Managing Director Jeff Paine said. Both trade and foreign investment are critical components of Vietnam's economy, reports Reuters. In a statement released shortly after it was passed, Clare Algar, director of global operations at Amnesty International, said that the law's sweeping power "has potentially devastating consequences for freedom of expression" in Vietnam. "This vote means there is now no safe place left [in Vietnam] for people to speak freely," she said. The Vietnamese government says the law is necessary to fight cyber crime such as cyber-espionage, and prevent cyber terrorism. Major General Luong Tam Quang, chief of Vietnam's Ministry of Public Security, said in a news conference in early November that the new cyber law brings Vietnam in line with other countries that also want to protect their domestic users' information and that the law was "within the ability of business." Internet companies have a year to comply, despite pleas from tech firm, reports Reuters. U.S. lawmakers even made an appeal to Facebook and Google to not comply with the law. "The cyber security law does nothing to protect internet users," 17 members of the Congressional Vietnam Caucus wrote in a letter. "Rather, it is a blatant effort by the Vietnamese government to crackdown on online expression by enlisting the help of leading technology companies." Google declined to immediately comment to NPR what the company plans to do about the law now that it's implemented. Facebook also did not immediately return a request from NPR for comment. However, earlier this month Facebook said it "remains committed to its community in Vietnam and in helping Vietnamese businesses grow at home and abroad," reports Voice of America. A growing and youthful middle class in Vietnam is a draw for digital companies, reports to Bloomberg. Almost half of Vietnam's population uses the internet, according to the World Bank, and the country has more than 60 million Facebook users. The new cybersecurity law comes into effect a little over a year after Vietnam deployed a 10,000-strong cyber unit to combat "wrong" views.

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Ireland's Momentous Change: Abortion Services Are No Longer Banned Ireland is a country that's politics were once dominated by the Catholic Church and now abortion is legal. The change marks a significant milepost in the country's political evolution.

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Research Supports Claims That Teeth Worsen Without Fluoridated Water Using Medicaid payment data from towns in Alaska that have rejected fluoride in recent years, a new study supports dentists' claims that teeth get worse when the water supply is not fluoridated. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: A little more than a decade ago, the city of Juneau, Alaska, became one of many American cities that stopped adding fluoride to its tap water. At the time, science predicted more cavities. That prediction has now proven true. From member station KTOO, Jeremy Hsieh reports. JEREMY HSIEH, BYLINE: Jennifer Meyer is a public health researcher with a new study in the journal BMC Oral Health. She talks about tooth decay and cavities the way dentists do. She calls them caries. And after studying what happened in Juneau to children under 6, this is her takeaway. JENNIFER MEYER: By taking the fluoride out of the water supply, the tradeoff for that is children are going to experience one additional caries procedure per year at a ballpark of $300 more per child. HSIEH: She can talk about it in terms of money because she studied the complete set of Medicaid dental claims filed for kids in Juneau's main zip code. She's got a year's worth of data before fluoride went away and another year's worth after, for about 1,900 kids total. When you talk about children under 6, here's what happened. When the water was still fluoridated, kids on average had about 1 1/2 cavity-related procedures per year. After fluoride was gone, that went up to about 2 1/2 procedures a year. And that got expensive. MEYER: The cost to have a fluoride management program to actually fluoridate the water is pennies by comparison to what it costs to treat a cavity. HSIEH: It could be more expensive for anyone, not just the public cost of providing dental care through Medicaid. But Meyer says people with less money are especially vulnerable when fluoride goes away. For example, people with more resources might choose to give their kids fluoride tablets. That would mitigate the absence of fluoride in the water supply for those children. The new research isn't winning over longtime fluoride opponents like David Ham. He was active in the movement to take fluoride out of Juneau's water in 2006. He calls fluoridation a Band-Aid fix. DAVID HAM: My issue is that we're asking the wrong question here. You know, and let's get to the root cause and put a tax on sugary drinks and all of these other things or do whatever we can to support good health through good diet. HSIEH: Ham says community water fluoridation takes away his right to pure water. He also says fluoride is harmful. But the CDC, World Health Organization, European Union and other government and medical institutions have long held that low levels of fluoride in drinking water are safe. For NPR News, I'm Jeremy Hsieh in Juneau. (SOUNDBITE OF LYMBYC SYSTEM'S "NIGHTFALL") Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil's New President, Takes Office AUDIE CORNISH, HOST: Now to Brazil, where they swore in a new president today. Jair Bolsonaro is a far-right retired army captain. His election was a complete break with the leftist leadership of recent years. In the past, Bolsonaro has praised Brazil's former military dictatorship, defended torture and disparaged gays, blacks and women. Crowds cheered as he addressed the nation... (SOUNDBITE OF CROWD CHEERING) CORNISH: ...Where he struck a unifying note by declaring war on corruption. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) PRESIDENT JAIR BOLSONARO: (Foreign language spoken). CORNISH: ...And said the government and economy must serve all Brazilians. NPR's Philip Reeves is in the capital, Brasilia, for today's ceremony and joins us now. Phil, first, describe the mood there. What was the scene? PHILIP REEVES, BYLINE: Well, this historic moment took place on a dull day under a dripping gray sky. At first, it seemed as if the crowd would be quite small, but the day gradually gathered momentum, especially after both Bolsonaro and his wife drove in standing up and waving from the back of a vintage open-topped Rolls Royce, accompanied by cavalry on white horses which was a brave thing to do when you consider that Bolsonaro was stabbed during his election campaign. In the end, though, there was quite a large crowd and a crowd with very high expectations. Almost everyone I spoke to thinks Bolsonaro holds the key to solve Brazil's chronic problems. Listen, for example, to Vanessa Silva, a psychologist who sees Bolsonaro as a change that the country really needs. VANESSA SILVA: (Foreign language spoken). REEVES: Because, she says, Brazil's going through a huge crisis and desperately needs better health, education and financial reform. She's also hoping that both Bolsonaro and his Cabinet - a third of whom, by the way, are retired military officers - can fix this despite their lack of experience in government. CORNISH: How did Bolsonaro address some of those issues in his speech? REEVES: Well, he talked about unity and protecting democracy, but he also hit on many of his favorite themes, saying that he wants to stop families being, in his words, destroyed by what he calls wicked ideologies. That's a swipe at the left for seeking to educate schoolchildren about gender diversity. And talking about the rights of citizens to defend themselves. That's a reference to his plan to greatly expand the ownership of firearms among the Brazilian public on the grounds that this will help them fight the crime epidemic here. CORNISH: We mentioned earlier Bolsonaro has made a lot of provocative statements. How does that compare to the actual agenda that he's expected to pursue? REEVES: We're going to see, undoubtedly, a far closer relationship with the United States. Bolsonaro's a big fan of President Trump. This has implications for regional issues, notably the handling of Venezuela, which Bolsonaro regards with the same kind of hostility as Trump. People will also be keeping a very close eye in coming months on his environmental policy. He's talked about withdrawing from the Paris Climate Change Agreement. And he also wants to loosen environmental laws, a move that makes the powerful agribusiness lobby that supports him very happy but sets alarm bells ringing about the preservation of the Amazon rainforest. Other things to look out for - will he go ahead with his plan to move Brazil's embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem? Israel's prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, was here today, and he got a big hug from Bolsonaro. And also, will that plan for widening gun ownership actually go through? CORNISH: Does he have the support from Congress to do that? REEVES: Well, it's not going to be easy. He has no experience of high office. And he has a lot of interest groups tugging at his shirt tails - the military, who support him, the evangelical lobby, who support him, the agribusiness lobby. So it's going to be very difficult reconciling their needs and also building the consensus he needs in Brazil's Congress. CORNISH: That's NPR South American correspondent Philip Reeves. Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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Government Workers Voice Their Frustrations As They Struggle During Shutdown Federal workers and their families are fed up with their paychecks being held hostage in the border wall argument. Several are speaking out about their struggles to pay their bills.

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Co-Founder Of 'Time's Up' Legal Defense Fund Reflects On First Year Of Action Co-Founder Of 'Time's Up' Legal Defense Fund Reflects On First Year Of Action Listen · 5:32 5:32 NPR's Audie Cornish speaks with Fatima Goss Graves. She's co-founder of the Time's Up Legal Defense Fund. It was founded in response to the #MeToo movement one year ago today.

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Americans have grown all too familiar with the horror of school shootings. One of the worst ever, at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla., left 17 dead and provoked the state to tighten its gun laws. The tragedy and others like it have given parents cause to worry when they send their kids to school. But mass shootings in schools are rare events. What’s more common is the daily danger from bullying, threats and violence that many students (and even teachers) face from disruptive students. This problem is far less lethal but can cause psychological as well as physical injury, not to mention its corrosive effect on learning. After the Parkland shooting, President Donald Trump empaneled a federal commission on school safety. In late December, it issued a report stressing the need for the federal government to help local school districts address their respective discipline issues rather than dictating one-size-fits-all solutions. One of the chief recommendations was to revoke the previous administration’s guidance on racial differences in school discipline — which this commission judged to be attacking the wrong problem in the wrong way. President Barack Obama’s Education Department, headed by Arne Duncan, noted that “African-American students without disabilities are more than three times as likely as their white peers without disabilities to be expelled or suspended.” School districts were put on notice that evidence of “disparate impact” in disciplinary outcomes could trigger investigations of possible racial discrimination. But why should it? More likely, actual differences in behavior account for the gap. “According to federal data,” Manhattan Institute analyst Heather Mac Donald noted in City Journal, “… black students self-reported being in a physical fight at school at over twice the rate of white students in 2015.” In California, black fifth-graders are five times more likely than whites to be chronically truant. Mac Donald’s point wasn’t to say that race determines conduct. She was helping to explain how factors outside school may influence conduct inside school. African-American youngsters are more likely to grow up in poverty, in single-parent homes and in crime-ridden neighborhoods. Such conditions are bound to have a detrimental effect on the behavior of some students, which likely accounts for the racial gap in discipline. The Obama administration guidance had discouraged schools from removing students who are violent or seriously disruptive. But the new commission cited Judy Kidd, president of the Classroom Teachers Association of North Carolina, who expressed the view that “some school leaders have chosen to avoid potential Office of Civil Rights investigations by eliminating the use of out-of-school suspensions and expulsions, without considering the impact that such practices have on school safety.” In Oklahoma City, an American Federation of Teachers survey found that 36 percent of teachers said student offenses had become more frequent under a policy aimed at curbing suspensions. In Madison, Wis., suspensions declined by 13 percent between 2013 and 2018, the Wisconsin State Journal reports, but “bad student behavior in Madison schools nearly doubled.” What’s easy to forget in the focus on those who are disciplined is the effect of their conduct on everyone else. In schools that are mostly black, the victims of students who engage in violent or disruptive behavior also are mostly black. When disruptive students of any ethnicity are removed from the classroom, teachers are better able to help kids who want to learn. By rescinding the old guidance, the Trump administration will empower local school administrators and teachers to craft and enforce discipline policies that are fair to every student. A safe school, after all, should be considered a civil right. Join the discussion on Twitter @Trib_Ed_Board and on Facebook. Submit a letter to the editor here or email [email protected].

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Military Apologizes For Bombing A New Year's Eve Tweet Enlarge this image toggle caption Getty Images Getty Images U.S. Strategic Command is charged with controlling the nation's nuclear operations, but conceded it missed the mark with a New Year's Eve tweet comparing the famed ball drop to a B-2 bomber dropping weapons. "TimesSquare tradition rings in the #NewYear by dropping the big ball...if ever needed, we are #ready to drop something much, much bigger," read the now-deleted tweet from Stratcom's official account. A slick video accompanied by pulsing music showed a bomber soaring through the air and releasing two conventional — not nuclear — weapons at a test range, according to media reports. "Stealth," "Ready" and "Lethal" flash across the screen in all capital letters. The video concludes with an explosion flashing into a huge fireball. The backlash was swift, and by early Monday evening the unified command of four military branches had removed the tweet, issuing a mea culpa. "Our previous NYE tweet was in poor taste & does not reflect our values," it read. "We apologize. We are dedicated to the security of America & allies." A spokeswoman told The New York Times that the video was actually reposted from earlier this year and "was part of our Year in Review series meant to feature our command priorities: strategic deterrence, decisive response and combat-ready force." But in the hours the tweet was up, Twitter users reacted with confusion and contempt, some with alarm, calling its message disgusting, grotesque and terrifying. Former Office of Government Ethics Director Walter Shaub Jr., a sharp critic of the Trump administration who resigned in July of 2017, posted a screengrab of the original tweet, asking "What kind of maniacs are running this country?" But other Twitter users defended the message, saying it was funny, that it actually gave assurances of safety and there was no need to apologize. The reconsidered reminder of U.S. military might came as tensions with North Korea bubbled up once again. In a New Year's Day address, Leader Kim Jong Un alluded to nuclear confrontation, saying he was willing to meet with President Trump but Pyongyang would be forced to take a different path if the U.S., "continues to break its promises and misjudges the patience of our people by unilaterally demanding certain things and push(ing) ahead with sanctions and pressure," according to a translation by The Associated Press.

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In New Jersey, Deaths At The Hands Of Police May Face Outside Scrutiny Enlarge this image toggle caption Ang Santos/WBGO Ang Santos/WBGO When someone dies at the hands of police, can local prosecutors be trusted to investigate the cops? Some criminal justice advocates in New Jersey say no. They want police violence to be scrutinized by outside investigators they believe are fairer and more impartial than county prosecutors who may be cozy with local police departments. A bill recently passed by the New Jersey state legislature would require the Attorney General's office to investigate any death at the hands of police or that occurred in the custody of law enforcement, such as inside a jail. This bill may, in the end, undermine public trust in law enforcement. Yet the man who would be taking over these investigations in New Jersey — state Attorney General Gurbir Grewal — believes the legislation is a bad idea. "This bill may, in the end, undermine public trust in law enforcement," he said in a hearing before a state Assembly committee earlier this month. Grewal has been a supporter of police accountability. In 2018 he issued a directive requiring police officers to be drug tested and another saying police body and dash camera video would be released more quickly after deadly incidents. But Grewal also pointed to an existing directive that forces county prosecutors to check if they have a conflict and inform state officials before they investigate local police officers. He added that forcing local prosecutors off cases and sending in state officials would slow down investigations and anger the public. "The most frequent inquiries we already receive from the public concerning these investigations is 'Why is it taking so long?' or 'When will you release additional information?'" he testified. The state's largest police union also opposes the bill. "The message that this bill is sending is that we can't be trusted, and that some higher entity in Trenton can do a better job," said Rob Nixon, director of government affairs for the New Jersey State Policemen's Benevolent Association. "I think the county prosecutors offices are professional and well capable of doing this." A spokesperson for Democratic Gov. Phil Murphy said he does not comment on pending legislation. In coming weeks, however, the governor will have to decide whether to side with fellow Democrats in the state legislature, who passed the bill, or his own hand-picked attorney general, who opposes it. Sheila Reid is one of the people who hopes Murphy signs the bill. In the early morning hours of New Year's Eve 2014, Reid was woken up by her son, who told her that another one of her sons, Jerame, had been shot and killed. "I thought he was just BS'ing and Jerame was standing outside," Reid said. "But he said, 'No, he's really gone.' He said the police shot him." Jerame Reid had been the passenger in a car that was pulled over hours earlier for running a stop sign in Bridgeton, N.J. Police found a gun in the car and drew their weapons. Then Jerame Reid, disobeying police orders, began to get out of the car with his hands up. Officer Braheme Days shot Reid in the chest and arm, killing him. Cumberland County Prosecutor Jennifer Webb-McRae personally knew Police Officer Days, so she recused herself from the case. But Reid and others felt like the office still did not conduct a thorough investigation into Jerame Reid's death. Eight months after the deadly shooting, a New Jersey grand jury decided not to charge Days and another police officer involved. Sheila Reid was furious. "Not only did the grand jury do me and my family wrong," she said, "they did everybody wrong, because once one police officer gets away with murder, they all do." Walter Hudson, a social justice activist with the New Jersey-based National Awareness Alliance, suggested that even professional relationships between prosecutors and police can cause conflicts of interest in use of force investigations. "How can we expect a fox to investigate another fox over a chicken killing?" he said. Some states, facing calls for increased policy accountability in an era of growing national interest in criminal justice issues, have taken steps to shore up the firewall between investigators and cops. Hawaii recently created a review board inside the state attorney general's office to investigate deaths involving police officers. New York requires state officials to conduct an investigation when police kill an unarmed civilian. But Sheila Reid said there won't be any justice for families like hers until New Jersey and other states put similar protections in place. "The way it's going now, we're not gonna have a standing chance," she said. "The police are gonna kill us one way or the other and they're gonna get away with murder."

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Fifteen Are Dead After Landslide In Indonesia Enlarge this image toggle caption -/AFP/Getty Images -/AFP/Getty Images Fifteen people have died in a landslide that buried 30 homes on Indonesia's main island, officials said Tuesday. Twenty people are still believed to be missing. Torrential rain caused tons of mud to crash into Sirnaresmi village in West Java on Monday evening just before sunset, while New Year's Eve celebrations were underway, The Associated Press reports. The death toll rose from initial reports as rescuers worked to recover bodies from the mud. Hundreds of residents, police and soldiers searched through debris using hand tools and their bare hands, according to AP. The muddy conditions made it difficult for tractors and other heavy equipment to reach the disaster site to assist in the search effort. But Made Oka Astawa, head of the operations division at the National Search and Rescue Agency, told AP that two excavator vehicles were able to reach the disaster area, and helped recover several bodies that had been buried under 13 feet of mud. Astawa also told AP that search and rescue efforts were put on hold late Tuesday local time because of darkness and heavy rains. The operation will be picked up again early Wednesday. "Lack of equipment, bad weather and a blackout hampered our rescue efforts for those who are still missing and feared dead," National Disaster Mitigation Agency spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho told AP. Nugroho said 60 people who lost their homes in the landslide have been moved to a temporary shelter. The landslide is the most recent of several major disasters that hit Indonesia in 2018. In December, a tsunami triggered by volcanic activity on another of Indonesia's islands, Anak Krakatau, killed over 400 people and wounded nearly 1,500 wounded, NPR reported. Kathy Mueller, a communications delegate with the Red Cross, told NPR's David Greene after last month's tsunami that Indonesia is still feeling the effects of several other disasters since the summer, including earthquakes on the island of Lombok in July and again in August, and a tsunami in September that killed more than 1,700 people. "Every disaster has its own unique context," Mueller told NPR. "No response is ever perfect. So there's always the opportunity to learn and to improve." Search efforts at the landslide site are expected to resume early Wednesday.

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Family Of American Arrested In Moscow Refutes Spy Claims Enlarge this image toggle caption Alexander Zemlianichenko/AP Alexander Zemlianichenko/AP A man who says he is the brother of U.S. citizen Paul Whelan — who was arrested in Moscow last week on suspicion of spying — is proclaiming his brother's innocence and providing more detail to an opaque case. On Tuesday, David Whelan tweeted a family statement, saying Paul Whelan was in Moscow to attend a wedding and that the family grew concerned after not hearing from the retired U.S. Marine on Friday, "which was very much out of character for him even when he was traveling." Three days passed before they learned of his arrest from media reports on Monday, the family statement said, adding they have been in touch with their congressional representatives, the U.S. Embassy and the State Department. "We are deeply concerned for his safety and well-being," the family said. "His innocence is undoubted and we trust that his rights will be respected." Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) said in a brief statement Monday that Whelan was arrested while on a "spy mission" and that an investigation is ongoing. Paul Whelan works for BorgWarner, an American automotive parts supplier, the company confirmed to NPR in a statement. "Whelan currently serves as the company's director, global security," the company said. "He is responsible for overseeing security at our facilities in Auburn Hills, Michigan and at other company locations around the world." BorgWarner says it has been in contact with the U.S. government and is offering its full cooperation "in order to help our employee and the U.S. government." The Washington Post reports that the supplier has business contracts in Russia. And while Whelan had traveled to Russia on business trips before, his brother told The Wall Street Journal that the former police officer "was not in Russia on any work-related travel this visit." Whelan's arrest comes two weeks after Russian national Maria Butina pleaded guilty in federal court in Washington, D.C., to conspiring to act as a clandestine foreign agent, raising the specter that Moscow could be engaging in a tit-for-tat response. Butina is likely facing up to six months in prison when she is sentenced later this year. If convicted of espionage, Whelan could be facing up to 20 years in prison, reporter Charles Maynes told NPR. "[I]t's worth pointing out that Ms. Butina is convicted — admitted to being a foreign agent, not conducting espionage per se," Maynes reported. "President Putin in a year-end press conference was asked about this [and] suggested there would be no eye-for-an-eye over the Butina incident in the sense that she was not guilty of espionage." The State Department has declined to give details about Whelan's case, or even to confirm his identity, citing privacy issues. "We are aware of the detention of a U.S. citizen by Russian authorities," a State Department spokesperson told NPR in a statement emailed on Monday. "Russia's obligations under the Vienna Convention require them to provide consular access," the statement said. "We have requested this access and expect Russian authorities to provide it." Whelan's family told the Post that a representative from the U.S. government would visit him within a three-day window.

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A man has been arrested in Germany after plowing his car into a crowd of people early Tuesday, injuring at least four in what appears to have been an intentional attack directed at foreigners, police said Tuesday. The 50-year-old driver of a silver Mercedes first attempted to hit a group of people in the western city of Bottrop shortly after midnight, but the pedestrians were able to jump out of the way, Muenster police said. The man, who wasn't named, then drove into the center of Bottrop where he slammed into a crowd. Police said those hit by the car included Syrian and Afghan citizens, and some were seriously injured. The driver then sped off toward the nearby city of Essen, where he tried and failed to hit people waiting at a bus stop before being arrested by police on suspicion of attempted homicide. Authorities said the driver made anti-foreigner comments during his arrest. "Investigating authorities are currently working on the assumption that this was a targeted attack, possibly motivated by the anti-foreigner views of the driver," police said, adding that there were indications the suspect suffered from mental illness. Angela Luettmann, a spokeswoman for Muenster police, couldn't immediately confirm whether the driver was German but said he came from Essen. In April, a German man drove a van into a crowd in Muenster, killing four people and injuring dozens. The driver, who had sought psychological help in the weeks preceding the attack, then killed himself. On Dec. 19, 2016, a Tunisian man ploughed a truck into a busy Christmas market in Berlin, killing 12 people. The attack was later claimed by the Islamic State group. The driver, who fled the scene, was later killed in a shootout with police in Italy.

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Police in the English city of Manchester are questioning a man arrested in the New Year's Eve stabbing of three people at a train station and treating it as a terrorist attack, authorities said Tuesday. Greater Manchester Chief Constable Ian Hopkins said a man and a woman suffered "very serious" injuries in the attack and remained in the hospital. Both have abdominal injuries and the woman also has injuries to her face. A police sergeant who was stabbed in the shoulder has been released. The attack happened at Manchester's Victoria Station shortly before 9 p.m. on New Year's Eve. The busy train station is next to Manchester Arena, where a suicide bomber killed 22 people at an Ariana Grande concert in 2017. Police have detained the suspect, who has been arrested on suspicion of attempted murder, but not yet provided a motive for the stabbings. A witness said the suspect shouted Islamic slogans during the frenzied attack. Assistant Chief Constable Russ Jackson said police believe they have identified the suspect and are searching his home in the Cheetham Hill neighborhood of Manchester. BBC producer Sam Clack, who was on the train platform, said he heard a "blood-curdling scream" when the attack started and saw a man dressed in black having what looked like a fight with two victims. Clack said he heard the man with the weapon shout Islamist slogans during the assault, and then the attacker was chased by police. "He came towards me. I looked down and saw he had a kitchen knife with a black handle with a good, 12-inch blade," Clack said, adding that his reaction "was just fear, pure fear." Clack said police used pepper spray and a stun gun to bring the man down. Police say there's no indication that any others were involved in planning or assisting the attack. The investigation is being led by Britain's counterterrorism police. British police tried to reassure the public that the area was safe despite the attack. The incident is "not ongoing" and there is "currently no intelligence to suggest that there is any wider threat," Assistant Chief Constable Rob Potts said. "I know that the events of last night will have affected many people and caused concern," Hopkins said. "That the incident happened so close to the scene of the terrorist attack on 22 May, 2017, makes it even more dreadful." Prime Minister Theresa May expressed concern for the victims and thanked emergency workers for their "courageous response." Extra police officers were on the city's streets Tuesday as a precaution. Britain's official threat level has long been set at "severe," indicating that intelligence analysts believe an attack is highly likely.

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Here are the full results from more than 800 responses to my annual predict-the-news survey. My predictions are highlighted in bold. My Sunday, Jan. 6 column will take an overview of this data and explain some of my differences with the hive mind. Thank to all who participated, even the losers and haters. Who will win the Chicago Mayor's race? Toni Preckwinkle -- 42% Susana Mendoza -- 25% Bill Daley -- 16% Paul Vallas-- 6% Gery Chico- 3% Lori Lightfoot- -3% (All other names) – 3% Garry McCarthy -- 2% Chicago police Officer Jason Van Dyke stands convicted of second-degree murder and 16 counts of aggravated battery in the 2014 shooting death of Laquan McDonald. What will his sentence be? Less than 10 years -- 46% From 10 to 19 years-- 41% 20 years or more -- 13% As the 2020 presidential campaign gets into full swing at the end of 2019, will President Donald Trump be a candidate for re-election? Yes --59% No-- 41% As the 2020 presidential campaign gets into full swing at the end of 2019, who will be atop the polls among the Democratic hopefuls? Joe Biden-- 29% Beto O'Rourke-- 18% Other -- 9% Kamela Harris-- 7% Michael Bloomberg-- 7% Elizabeth Warren-- 7% Cory Booker--5% Amy Klobuchar-- 5% Sherrod Brown-- 5% Kirsten Gillebrand --3% Bernie Sanders --3% John Hickenlooper --1% Julián Castro --1% If Donald Trump is still president at the end of 2019 and is running for re-election, will he have a GOP challenger who is polling at 20 percent or higher among Republicans either in Iowa or nationwide? Yes -- 67% No -- 33% Will President Donald Trump pardon in 2019 anyone indicted or implicated in the special counsel's investigation? Yes -- 80% No --20% Will President Donald Trump secure at least $3 billion by this time next year to build new wall segments or other new barriers on the Mexican border? No -- 70% Yes --30% What will the president's job-approval rating be at the end of 2019? 35 to 45 percent -- 52% Below 35 percent -- 47% Higher than 45 percent -- 1% Will there be a vacancy on the U.S. Supreme Court in 2019? Yes -- 63% No -- 37% Will Sarah Huckabee Sanders still be the White House spokeswoman at the end of 2019? No -- 65% Yes -- 35% Will global temperatures in 2019 be hotter than 2018 -- the fourth hottest in history according to the World Meteorological Organization? Yes -- 81% No -- 19% Will the Democratic House vote in 2019 to impeach President Donald Trump? No -- 56% Yes -- 44% Will U.S. House Democrats get a "Medicare for All" bill out of committee in 2019? No -- 60% Yes -- 40% Will the public see President Donald Trump's tax returns in 2019? Answers No -- 63% Yes -- 37% Will Federal Judge Emmet Sullivan sentence General Michael Flynn to prison? No, he will abide by the request of defense and prosecutors to give Flynn a "non-custodial" sentence -- 63% Yes-- 37% President Donald Trump has been threatening to increase tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese imports from 10 percent to 25 percent in 2019. Will he do so? No-- 63%

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Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil's New President, Takes Office Brazil's new far-right president, Jair Bolsonaro, took office Tuesday, calling for unity — in contrast with his past homophobic, misogynistic and racist statements.

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Video Ten people have been killed in fresh anti-government demonstrations in Iran, according to state television. Protesters took to the streets again following a televised address by Iranian President Hassan Rouhani.

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North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un Kicks Off New Year With Address And A Warning To U.S. In his New Year's Day address, Kim Jong Un said he's committed to denuclearization, but warned North Korea will take a "new path" if the U.S. maintains sanctions against his country.

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Brazil Prepares To Swear-In President-Elect Jair Bolsonaro Brazil on Tuesday inaugurates its new far-right president. It marks a reversal of the pink-tide of leftist leaders elected in South America in the last two decades. (SOUNDBITE OF FIREWORKS, CHEERING) RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: The sound of crowds out in the street in Brazil's capital, Brasilia, last night, welcoming the new year in traditional fashion. But 2019 is bringing a change for Brazil. Today, a new president is being sworn into office. His name is Jair Bolsonaro, a retired army captain from the far right. We're joined from Brasilia now by NPR's Philip Reeves. Hey, Phil. PHILIP REEVES, BYLINE: Hi, how are you doing? MARTIN: Doing well, thanks. So this is a huge day for Brazil, also for Latin America more broadly. Can you just give us a sense of how important this moment is? REEVES: Well, it's extremely important. This is a real moment in history. Latin America's largest nation is installing a populist president, a seven-term congressman with no executive experience, a man who admires Brazil's past dictatorship and has a Cabinet of whom about a third are retired military officers and chosen a foreign minister who's described climate change as a Marxist plot. So this is a moment in history, a turning point. MARTIN: What's it like in Brasilia on the Inauguration Day? REEVES: (Laughter) Well, I'm afraid it's damp and overcast... MARTIN: Oh (laughter). REEVES: ...Rather disappointingly. Nonetheless, you know, officials here are expecting big crowds for the inauguration of possibly half a million. So there's a huge security operation. But it's also New Year's Day, and Brazilians really celebrated, as you know. And so let's see whether they turn up or how - and how many of them decide to carry on partying somewhere else. MARTIN: I mean, Bolsonaro had been seen as this very divisive figure, right? During the campaign, hundreds of thousands of Brazilians, especially women, were on the streets urging people not to vote for him. So is that changing? REEVES: Yes. I mean Bolsonaro was elected in October with a very comfortable margin of some 10 million votes. Polls indicate, though, that since then, he's become even more popular. It seems Brazilians have really high expectations of him. And you often meet people here who say that they don't agree with everything Bolsonaro stands for. But anything's better than the leftist government that ruled for most of the last decade and a half, a period that saw the country's worst ever recession, a massive corruption scandal and an epidemic of violent crime. I was actually out in the streets here when the new year dawned earlier today, talking to people about their new president. And I met Alan (ph) Hubner, a computer programmer, and I asked him to tell me why he supports Bolsonaro. ALAN HUBNER: Security. Yeah, I want to feel safe here, you know? REEVES: Hubner told me that he's gay, and Bolsonaro, of course, is notorious for making offensive homophobic comments. A lot of LGBT Brazilians are worried about what his presidency might mean for them. And I asked Hubner about that, and he says, in a country where there are tens of thousands of homicide every year, making Brazil safer matters more to him than anything Bolsonaro said in the past. HUBNER: People say that he is homophobic. Oh, he's a homophobic. He going to kill gays. I don't believe he going to kill gays. I believe that everybody's getting killed here. It doesn't matter if you're gay, if you're straight, if you're black or white. Everybody's getting killed here. MARTIN: I mean, that's going to be a huge issue that Bolsonaro's going to have to deal with, clearly, if people feel that way. But what can you tell us about other policy agenda - the other policy agenda items that Bolsonaro is going to focus on? REEVES: Well, all eyes are going to be on what he does with the environment. He's been talking about withdrawing from the Paris climate change agreement. Bolsonaro is also a big fan of President Trump and used some of his tactics during the election campaign, communicating directly, for example, via Internet. So we're going to see a shift here towards the U.S., and that has regional implications, for example, in the handling of Venezuela. Meanwhile, domestically here in Brazil, Bolsonaro wants to greatly increase the public's access to firearms. That's very controversial. So we'll see what happens there. REEVES: All right. NPR's Phil Reeves from Brasilia, the capital of Brazil. Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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How The Government Shutdown Is Affecting The Federal Bureau Of Prisons Prisons are already understaffed, but employees there are considered essential and must work without pay as the federal government shutdown continues.

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'Ballistic Fingerprint' Database Expands Amid Questions About Its Precision Enlarge this image toggle caption Jonathan Levinson /Oregon Public Broadcasting Jonathan Levinson /Oregon Public Broadcasting At the Portland Police Bureau's North Precinct, Officer Jason Hubert is getting ready to fire a confiscated handgun into a thick metal bullet trap filled a thick sludge called snake oil. He's about to enter a bullet casing into the National Integrated Ballistics Information Network (NIBIN), a nationwide database of high resolution images of shell casings managed by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. The NIBIN terminals and data are new investigative tools for hundreds of local police departments, allowing them to match markings on shell casings with casings found at other crime scenes, and sometimes with guns. Hubert dons his bullet proof vest, eye and ear protection, and checks the weapon to make sure it works properly. After warning the precinct over a PA system of the test fire, a colleague holds out a net to catch the shell casings. After conducting the test fire, Hubert places the casings under a microscope to choose which one is the best candidate to be imaged. In a dark room, hunched over a microscope, he explains he's looking for the best ejector mark. That's the mark left on the casing as it's expelled from the gun. "The ejector mark is the fingerprint of the shell casing," says Hubert. Until this year, the Portland Police would have to send these casings to a crime lab and results would take months to get back. But now investigators are getting results in a matter of hours instead of months. And instead of just being a resource for prosecutors at trial, the NIBIN "match" is being used by investigators to generate leads, despite uncertainty about the precision of the match. "Ballistic fingerprint" not necessarily unique NIBIN was started in 1999 and has primarily been used by forensics examiners to testify at trial about the likelihood that a bullet was fired from a particular gun. But that's all changing now. The Department of Justice is allocating money and resources to put NIBIN terminals into the hands of local police departments. Assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Oregon Suzanne Hayden helped get the NIBIN system into police departments so they could be used in local investigations. "Each firearm that shoots a bullet leaves an imprint that's unique to that firearm," she says. But some defense attorneys challenge the notion that the markings are unique, and the FBI says even expert testimony can't make that claim with certainty. Janis Puracal is an attorney and the founder of the Oregon-based nonprofit Forensics Justice Project. Enlarge this image toggle caption Jonathan Levinson/Oregon Public Broadcasting Jonathan Levinson/Oregon Public Broadcasting "The problem is no one's gone out and actually determined that it could only be matched to that gun to the exclusion of all other guns in the universe," says Puracal, who helps defense attorneys challenge forensic evidence that isn't supported by science. She points out that flawed firearms forensics have led to exonerations in the past. In 2013 a Mississippi man's life was spared hours before his scheduled execution after the FBI said experts had overstated the science. In a note sent to the district attorney in that case, the bureau clarified that "the science regarding firearms examinations does not permit examiner testimony that a specific gun fired a specific bullet to the exclusion of all other guns in the world." Claims of certainty, the letter said, "are not supported by scientific standards." Puracal says using NIBIN as an investigative tool is less problematic than using it in court, but she still takes issue with its use. That's because a NIBIN match, she says, can lead to cognitive bias in the investigators — a kind of tunnel vision. "It's the idea that once we start building that narrative and it starts making sense the more things we see that fit into that same narrative," she explains. Despite these reservations, almost 200 local law enforcement agencies own NIBIN terminals and are using the data as an investigative tool. Moving cases forward On a recent night in Portland, Sgt. Steven Wilbon has his eye on a car parked down the street from Jefferson High School. He pulls up and talks to the three people inside about the homecoming game that's just getting out. After a short conversation Sgt. Wilbon tells them to be good and drives off. As he leaves he runs their plates. A sound effect comes back from the computer; Wilbon says it means the car is stolen. He turns around to go back, calling for backup. Officers approach the car from both sides, telling the people inside to keep their hands visible. Wilbon said they found three loaded guns in the car. No one had the required conceal-carry permits, and the people in the car had outstanding warrants. In the past the investigation may have ended with three people arrested and the guns placed in an evidence locker. But, because the Portland police have this new equipment, the casings were immediately entered into NIBIN. And because the Seattle police also use NIBIN, the ATF database indicated a match to shootings in Seattle. A police department spokesperson in Seattle says it was a lead that moved their case forward — which is exactly how the Department of Justice intends for it to be used. This story comes to us from Guns & America, a public media reporting project on the role of guns in American life.

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Police Treating Stabbing Of 3 At U.K. Train Station As Terrorism A man accused of stabbing three people at a busy railway station in Manchester, England, on Monday is in custody. Authorities said Tuesday that the incident is being treated as a terrorist attack. Just before 9 p.m. local time on New Year's Eve, four British transportation police officers heard a disturbance on one of the platforms at Manchester Victoria station, according to a statement from the agency. BBC producer Sam Clack, who was at the station when the attack happened, said he heard a "blood-curdling scream." The transportation officers rushed to the scene where, within minutes, they detained a man holding a knife, Chief Constable Ian Hopkins of Greater Manchester Police said in a statement. Clack told the BBC he saw police use pepper spray and a Taser to detain the man, who he said was "resisting arrest." He said that he heard the man with the knife shout "Allah" and a "slogan criticizing Western governments." One of the officers, a police sergeant in his thirties, received a stab wound to the shoulder. The officer has since been discharged from the hospital, but Hopkins said on Tuesday that two other people who sustained "serious injuries" from the attack were still in the hospital. The Associated Press reports that a man and woman suffered abdominal injuries. The woman's face was also wounded. Hopkins said the police are investigating the stabbing as a terrorist attack. "We are treating this as a terrorist investigation which is being led by counter terrorism officers with support from Greater Manchester Police," said Hopkins. "This detailed work will continue and we are currently searching an address in the Cheetham Hill area of Manchester which is believed to be where the man had most recently been living." The suspect has been arrested on "suspicion of attempted murder," according to a statement from officials, but AP reports that the police have not provided a motive for the attack. The AP reports that police say there's no indication that anyone helped the attacker plan or execute the assault, but that extra police officers were patrolling Manchester's streets on Tuesday "as a precaution." British Prime Minister Theresa May tweeted her response to the attack on Tuesday: "My thoughts are with those who were injured in the suspected terrorist attack in Manchester last night. I thank the emergency services for their courageous response." The station where the attack happened is next to Manchester Arena, where 22 people were killed in a bombing at an Ariana Grande concert in 2017. That attack was Europe's 13th terrorist attack since the beginning of 2015, NPR's Greg Myre reported after the bombing.

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Calif. Law Requires Documents On Police Shootings Be Made Public A new state law in California mandates police to make public documents related to officer shootings. At least one city has approved the destruction of that paperwork before the deadline.

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For Undocumented Immigrants, Getting A Driver's License Could Spell Trouble With ICE Enlarge this image toggle caption Liam Elder-Connors/VPR Liam Elder-Connors/VPR Federal immigration authorities searching for people in the country illegally have found a willing partner in state motor vehicle departments, according to immigration activists. In a dozen states and Washington, D.C., undocumented people can still get a license to drive. The idea is that roads are safer if everyone using them has passed a driver's test. But that licensing process may put undocumented people at risk of deportation. In Vermont, migrant dairy farmworkers were targeted for deportation after they obtained drivers licenses, according to a federal lawsuit filed by Migrant Justice, a local activist group. The suit cites documents obtained under the state access to public records law that show the state Department of Motor Vehicles forwarded names, photos, car registrations, and other information on migrant workers to Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE. In one email, a state worker passed along "south of the border names" to ICE. In another email, ICE says a DMV worker should be recognized as an honorary agent. Routine information sharing between the Vermont DMV was supposed to stop under a 2016 settlement with the state Human Rights Commission. But Lia Ernst, a lawyer with the Vermont ACLU, which brought the case that led to the settlement, said the cooperation has continued. Ernst is also among a team of lawyers who filed the federal lawsuit. "What DMV has been sharing are photos, all the application materials, even going so far as to advise when people are coming in for appointments so that ICE come in and detain them there," she said. This kind of Information sharing happens around the country, according to an investigation by the National Immigration Law Center. The pro-immigration nonprofit found that ICE accesses a national database of licenses and also gets more detailed information through relationships with state DMV employees. Enlarge this image toggle caption John Dillon/VPR John Dillon/VPR Enrique Balcazar, a farmworker and a leader of a local group called Migrant Justice, now faces deportation after his arrest by ICE in March, 2017. He said the records show he was flagged by a DMV worker in emails to ICE. "And when sending my information from DMV to ICE, a DMV official had written on it clearly that I was undocumented," he said. The Migrant Justice lawsuit says ICE targeted leaders of this organization, with the DMV's help. Balcazar said in the past two years, 40 people associated with his organization were arrested by federal immigration authorities. "Many of them have since been deported, and in nine of these cases, we have clear evidence that these arrests were retaliatory, targeting people because of their involvement in Migrant Justice," he said. Migrant Justice sued ICE, the Department of Homeland Security and the Vermont DMV, alleging that the agencies worked together to unlawfully target, harass and detain farmworkers and Migrant Justice activists. The group claims that ICE also used electronic surveillance and an undercover informant to track and ultimately detain and deport its members. The suit alleges that the tactics were aimed at depriving the farmworkers of their Constitutional rights of free speech and freedom to petition the government, and it seeks a court order barring the alleged surveillance and harassment. DMV officials would not comment, and the court has given the state until late February to respond to the allegations. An ICE spokesman also declined to comment on the farmworker litigation, though he said the agency did not target people because of their political activism. He said enforcement priorities are based on border security, public safety and terrorism. Vermont's Republican Gov. Phil Scott said his office is investigating the cooperation between DMV employees and ICE. "It wasn't my understanding that anything was being forwarded that couldn't be forwarded," he said. "We're going to look into that as well." Yet the information sharing has added a new level of worry for the 1,500 migrants who work on the state's dairy farms. Many of the farmworkers are from Mexico. So the Mexican government comes to the state a few times a year to help its residents renew passports or obtain other documents. In December, the mobile consulate set up shop in a church hall in Middlebury, near the heart of the state's dairy country. Workers drove here from all over the state, some to get their passport photos taken, while others came just to meet old friends and share a meal of takeout pizza or home cooked tamales. One dairy worker didn't need any government documents, but came instead for the food and camaraderie. Like many of his co-workers, he's in the country illegally, so asked to remain anonymous. He's lived in the state for 14 years, and got his license soon after the 2014 law passed. "You can't live without [a] car. People live on cars," he said, citing a truism of life in Vermont. "You know, you don't have the grocery store like two-three minutes away, or five minutes away ... You got it like 10 minutes away — but driving." Now he thinks more people will be afraid to go to the DMV. "People are just going to think about more trying to get a license if the information goes to another place, you know what I mean," he said. Another farmworker who also asked to remain anonymous drove down to Middlebury from near the Canadian border. He said people may choose to stay on the farms, or drive without a license. "Some people they say 'oh, I'm not going to get a license because my information maybe go direct to Border Patrol, or any department," he said.

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Sen. Warren's Timing Was Brilliant, Former Obama Adviser Says Sen. Elizabeth Warren outlined a potential presidential big Monday. Rachel Martin talks to Anita Dunn, an ex-senior adviser for President Obama, about how candidates can differentiate themselves.

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How The Government Shutdown Is Affecting The Federal Bureau Of Prisons Prisons are already understaffed, but employees there are considered essential and must work without pay as the federal government shutdown continues. AUDIE CORNISH, HOST: Some federal workers are suing over the government shutdown, saying they're being illegally forced to work without pay. The American Federation of Government Employees, one of the biggest unions, has joined the suit. NPR's Martin Kaste called workers with the Federal Bureau of Prisons to see how they're coping. MARTIN KASTE, BYLINE: Heidi Burakiewicz is one of the lawyers on this new lawsuit. And she says it's unreasonable what workers in federal prisons are having to put up with. HEIDI BURAKIEWICZ: This is a situation that the government is putting these people in, and it's through no fault of their own. KASTE: This is a contingency lawsuit. Her firm gets paid if there's a settlement. But she says the situation is hard for prison workers. Pretty much everybody assigned to a corrections facility, not just the guards, is considered essential and has to keep showing up for work. BURAKIEWICZ: It's a horrible situation for them to be in because they don't know when they're going to get their next paycheck. KASTE: To be clear, Bureau of Prisons employees did just get paid a couple of days ago. The real concern is about the next paycheck in two weeks. Angie Acklin is a case manager at the Federal Correctional Institution in Aliceville, Ala. She's trying to pay off medical bills from last year. And she says a delayed paycheck will not help her. ANGIE ACKLIN: It may hurt me if I get so far behind that, you know, I'm owing a lot more money than they feel I should be. KASTE: The they she's talking about there is the Bureau of Prisons. That's because the government checks prison employees' credit reports to make sure that they're not so deep in debt that they might be susceptible to bribes. Acklin hopes that the shutdown won't force her to miss a debt payment right before her next review, which is coming up soon. ACKLIN: Hopefully it can be explained with, well, the government shut down, so I couldn't make this payment because we weren't getting paid. KASTE: Right now, the prison workers most affected are those who aren't getting their travel expenses reimbursed. Robert Richards is one of them. A hurricane hit the prison where he works in Florida, so he's been working in Mississippi. He's out of pocket on those travel costs as long as this shutdown continues. But he's also torn by the bigger political situation and President Trump's insistence on money for the border wall. ROBERT RICHARDS: I fully believe in border security. I do. And I'm willing to make a sacrifice for a time, but I can't do it forever. KASTE: Richards says the previous short government shutdowns have led to a certain complacency. RICHARDS: We've had it before, never had a missed check. But this one, we're kind of getting the feeling that this may last a little bit longer. KASTE: He's starting to think that he may not see his next paycheck until February. And he says the mood among his fellow corrections officers is, quote, "doom and gloom." Martin Kaste, NPR News. (SOUNDBITE OF BASTIEN KEB'S "PICK UP") Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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Shutdown-Delayed Immigration Cases Could Further Strain Backlogged System The partial government shutdown, in part prompted by disagreement over federal immigration policy, means most of the country's immigration courts are not hearing cases.

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With Mattis Out, How Will The Pentagon Transition Under Shanahan? Steve Inskeep talks with Todd Harrison of the Center for Strategic and International Studies about acting Secretary of Defense Patrick Shanahan, who takes over from Jim Mattis on Jan. 1. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: In this new year, there is change afoot at the Pentagon. After the abrupt exit of former Marine Corps Gen. Jim Mattis, Patrick Shanahan steps up to become the acting secretary of defense. He was Mattis' No. 2, the deputy secretary of defense. And his background is in defense contracting. So what difference will his leadership make at the Pentagon? We're going to ask Todd Harrison. He's a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. Todd, good morning. And Happy New Year. TODD HARRISON: Good morning. MARTIN: So Mattis, as you know, was a well-respected leader, had the respect of troops. He got a lot of bipartisan support. And he left in this controversial way, citing real, substantive differences with the president. That's going to mean a difficult challenge to navigate, I imagine, for Patrick Shanahan. How does he step into the breach? HARRISON: Yeah. So I think, in some ways, it's going to be difficult. In some ways, it might be easier. So Patrick Shanahan comes into the job, really, with a background in business and engineering. He actually came from the commercial side of Boeing, not the defense side. And so what he was brought in to do as deputy secretary of defense is kind of run the back-office side of DOD, the business side. And Secretary Mattis focused on where he was most comfortable - on, you know, handling ongoing military operations, strategy, foreign policy, those types of issues. And that's where Secretary Mattis tended to clash with President Trump. So now you've got Deputy Secretary Shanahan stepping into that role as acting secretary. And he doesn't come with the same kind of policy agenda or, you know, strongly held views about ongoing military operations, how they should be conducted, where we should be in the world, where we should not be. So in some sense, you know, he may be a bit less prepared than Mattis was. But he's also - that's going to make him less likely to clash with the president on some of these issues. MARTIN: Does that also mean he will be less likely to push back against the president, as Jim Mattis was known for doing? Advocating for a slower or reconsidered troop withdrawal from Syria, for example, or pulling out of Afghanistan. He was quite vocal to the president, talking about what he thought should happen there. Is Shanahan not likely to do that? HARRISON: Yeah, I think we'll have to wait and see. But I don't think Shanahan is, you know, going to come to the job with the same strongly held views that Mattis had. So, you know, I would expect he probably doesn't push back as much. And, you know, even if he did, it's not going to carry the same weight in this administration as it did when Secretary Mattis was pushing back because Mattis, of course, was a well-respected, you know, four-star general who had, you know, previously been a combatant commander, had served in operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. And so I don't think, you know, Shanahan's resistance to these types of moves by the Trump administration would actually carry that much weight. MARTIN: All right. Todd Harrison of the Center for Strategic Studies talking about the change in leadership at the Pentagon. The former deputy secretary of defense, Patrick Shanahan, begins his first day as acting secretary of defense. Todd, thanks. We appreciate it. HARRISON: Glad I could do it. Copyright © 2019 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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Kim Jong Un Wants New Summit With Trump, But Also Issues A Veiled Warning Enlarge this image toggle caption Ahn Young-joon/AP Ahn Young-joon/AP In a New Year's address on Tuesday, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un said he is eager to renew face-to-face negotiations with President Trump after a bilateral summit in June, but suggested that he could ramp up nuclear weapons development if the U.S. does not end economic sanctions against Pyongyang. In the speech broadcast on state television, Kim said he is ready to meet Trump at any time to forge an agreement "welcomed by the international community." However, if the U.S. did not "keep its promise made in front of the whole world" and instead "insists on sanctions and pressures" on North Korea, "we may be left with no choice but to consider a new way to safeguard our sovereignty and interests." After months of bitter acrimony and public name-calling between the two leaders, Trump and Kim met in Singapore in June. At the summit, the president hailed a new beginning in U.S.-North Korea relations and an end to Pyongyang's nuclear program. Since then, the North has halted nuclear and ballistic missile tests. However, the summit produced little in the way of concrete progress toward denuclearization. Kim urged the U.S. to take "sincere measures and corresponding action" in response to North Korea's peace initiatives. In October, the president said he wanted to hold a fresh summit with Kim after the midterms, but did not specify a date. "It is the unwavering position of our party and the republic's government and my firm will that the two countries as declared in the June 12 joint statement ... take steps to establish a permanent and stable peace regime and push toward the complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula," Kim said. Although Kim's address — which has become an annual tradition in North Korea — is aimed mainly at a domestic audience, international observers parse his words to get a sense of the secretive Pyongyang regime's intentions. As The Associated Press notes, North Korea "over the past months has accused Washington of failing to take corresponding measures following the North's unilateral dismantlement of a nuclear testing ground and suspension of nuclear and long-range missile tests." North Korea expert Bob Carlin, speaking at a conference call run by 38North.org, noted the possible significance of Kim proclaiming that the North is no longer producing nuclear weapons. "This thing about halting production is new," said Carlin, a non-resident fellow at the Stimson Center and Visiting Scholar at the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. "It was in my mind quite extraordinary all the attention [Kim] paid to the question of negotiations with the United States," Carlin said. Following the June summit, reports based on satellite imagery suggested that North Korea was continuing or expanding its ballistic missile production. Just a month after the Trump-Kim summit, The Wall Street Journal, citing analysis satellite images, said Pyongyang was expanding a facility for building solid-fuel ballistic missiles. Separately, The Washington Post, also citing satellite data, said the North was stepping up ICBM production. Earlier this month, CNN reported evidence that a North Korean missile base near the Chinese border was also being expanded.

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What’s Quickly? It’s where readers sound off on the issues of the day. Have a quote, question or quip? Call Quickly at 312-222-2426 or email [email protected]. I have a great idea since the fibber-in-chief can’t get Mexico to pay for his wall. Let’s get his Fox News-watching supporters to pay for it. Lets take their Social Security, Medicare, ACA and Medicaid to pay for it. He will already have their IRAs and 401ks by the way the stock market is going. That should be enough cash. See problem solved. Looks like General John Kelly just talked to his publisher and realized, if he turns on President Trump, he will sell way more books. So much for that conspiracy. Moving along! Elizabeth Warren is running for president against President Trump, you say? That's the funniest thing I’ve heard all year. Ask low energy Jeb Bush how that will play out. It appalls me how my fellow Republicans at election time so misjudged Donald Trump’s obviously flawed character. Now they excuse it, deny it, dismiss it, laugh at it, citing foremost his agenda. His character, though, has already tainted that agenda, sidetracked it, muddied it, stalled it, and may yet even destroy it. Donald Trump has to be the first U.S. President in history who insults our allies while he praises murderous dictators. Enroll him in statesmanship 101. “Give us the wall and it will all end.” That sounds like a hostage situation. Except when you give in to a bully, the problems don’t stop, they just raise the bar. We elect politicians from both political parties to keep things fairly equal. Their job is to come to a reasonable solution that serves all Americans. Not to throw temper tantrums until they get their way. Or to keep things so far one way that the next ruling party has to spend their entire time untangling things. Trump and his fans keep insisting that CNN is so biased against him. Well then, read USA Today, read Newsweek, TIME, NPR, or all of the local newspapers. Every single media source can’t possibly be biased against him. Use your god-given brains and think for a minute. After intense investigation and deliberation, the GOP has come to the conclusion that the FBI and the DOJ didn’t do anything wrong in the 2016 presidential election. Two FBI agents had an affair, shared many texts that revealed they didn’t like Trump, and were fired for it. Some conspiracy, huh? If a company fails to provide customer service, find one that does. Remember when that was a priority? To the Christmas party poller, I, a liberal Democrat, agree like most we need border security. When pressed most know a wall is impractical in a lot of circumstances. The Mueller investigation has indicted some criminals, and could of done that with any administration. When he takes down president Trump and his family, then you can be right. Until then, why don't you ease up on CNN’s talking point. I have my own TV. CNN reports that the government shutdown will cost the U.S. taxpayers over $11 billion. This is over twice what Donald wants for his wall. What kind of fools do we have running our government? Read more at www.post-trib.com/quickly.

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Throughout 1919, that was another way in which Americans seemed to hold two opposing thoughts at the same time. Large numbers of African-Americans chose their own form of self-determination by moving out of the South, toward Northern cities, the Midwest and the West Coast, a demographic change that altered America forever. But even after the move, many found democracy a daily challenge. That year in the South, two children born near each other, on either side of the Alabama-Georgia line, revealed how quickly the country was changing. Jackie Robinson grew up in a new kind of America, thanks to his mother, who moved with him to California. George Wallace spent most of life trying to hold back the tide of change that Robinson’s generation helped unleash. Throughout a long year, these tensions simmered just below America’s gleaming surfaces. An ugly race riot in Chicago took the lives of 38 people in late July. Other anxieties targeted immigrants, who found Americans less welcoming than the statue that greeted them in New York Harbor. To defenders of the old order, America had done her part, and there was no need to open the floodgates. But to many others, seeking a broader form of democracy, Wilson’s rhetoric seemed to describe a country that existed more vividly in his imagination than reality. Torn in these two directions, the world’s wealthiest country seemed headed to its own form of a crack-up. Throughout 1919, waves of fear paralyzed Americans, as they reeled from a deadly influenza epidemic at the start of the year, then a campaign of letter bombs sent by anarchists in the spring. A vigorous government response led to the creation of the F.B.I. and a series of raids conducted by an overzealous attorney general, A. Mitchell Palmer. These “Palmer Raids” awakened fears of a police state and once again revealed how difficult democracy could be. A retaliatory bomb, directed at Palmer, exploded outside his house in Washington, nearly killing his neighbor, Franklin Roosevelt. When, as president, Roosevelt gave the speech that named the New Deal, 13 years later, he remembered Wilson who, for all of his failings, had ushered Americans into a new era. A long century has elapsed, but the contradictions of 1919 still bear scrutiny. The old fault lines seem closer to the surface than they did in Roosevelt’s day, when Americans were largely united behind the great efforts to end poverty and crush fascism. A long century has elapsed, but the contradictions of 1919 still bear scrutiny. A hundred years ago, it was possible to look at the same country and see two very different versions of America. To be sure, this was a thriving nation of immigrants, innovating at a dizzying rate, with bustling cities that were the envy of the world. It was also a quieter country, dominated by its farmers and small towns, politically and socially conservative, and dismayed by the excesses of what would soon be known as the Jazz Age. Prohibition was another achievement — for what it’s worth — of 1919. Neither side had a monopoly on virtue, as events would prove. Urban and rural America produced an equal share of political rascals. And rascality, in various guises, was another feature of life, as new forms of entertainment began to dominate attention, demanding villains and heroes in equal measure. In many cases, the war had accelerated this trend, advancing research in radio communication and using newsreels to mobilize support for the military effort. Soon, mass communication was affecting all Americans, rural and urban alike. Huge new movie palaces were built — the Capitol, in New York, could seat 4,000 — and Hollywood continued to grow apace, a new kind of dream factory, built around studios and stars.

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A man in a pickup truck pulled up next to a car that was leaving a Houston-area Walmart parking lot and started shooting, killing a 7-year-old girl inside the car and wounding the girl's mother, authorities said Sunday. Authorities are still searching for the gunman, described as a bearded white man, possibly in his 40s. Authorities are searching for a red pickup truck, left, in connection with the fatal shooting Jazmine Barnes, right. KHOU Harris County Sheriff Ed Gonzalez said the girl who died was 7-year-old Jazmine Barnes. He said her mother, 30-year-old LaPorsha Washington, was shot in the arm but survived her injury. Washington's three other daughters were in the car at the time of the shooting, CBS affiliate KHOU reported. It wasn't immediately clear what prompted the Sunday morning shooting. The car sped away before it came to a stop and the woman called 911, authorities said. Authorities are asking the public for tips and appealing to nearby residents and businesses to review surveillance video for the red pickup truck. The Sheldon Independent School District identified the girl as a second-grader at the nearby Monahan Elementary School. Sheriff's Maj. Jesse Razo said the other girls who were inside the car when the shooting happened were "shaken" and "devastated." One, 6, was injured by shattered glass, and the two others were uninjured, KHOU reported. "We're going to use all resources available to bring this killer to justice," Razo told reporters at the scene. "And I urge you, whoever did this, you know who you are, please turn yourself in now because we will be looking for you, we will locate you, we will find you."

polusa

2019_1_test.csv

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It is a safe bet that 2019 will be a crucial year for North Korea. Dictator Kim Jong-un closed out the year by sending South Korean President Moon Jae-in a letter with a “positive” message, an invitation to hold further summit meetings, and a vague commitment from Kim to make his long-promised historic visit to Seoul. Kim also reportedly sent a New Year’s Eve message to U.S. President Donald Trump. The true state of negotiations with Pyongyang would be difficult to ascertain even if the full text of both messages was made public. “It has a positive message through which North Korea’s directions and intentions on inter-Korean relations and denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula as well as Chairman Kim Jong-un’s trip could be read,” President Moon reportedly told South Korean leaders on Monday, referring to a letter from Kim Jong-un he received on Sunday. That is a rather convoluted description of the missive, and the mystery grew deeper with a statement from the South Korean presidential Blue House that Kim’s letter will not be made fully public because it has some “special meaning” intended for Moon alone. The South Korean presidential office said it sought permission from Pyongyang before disclosing the existence of the letter at all. This exquisite discretion is probably a consequence of Kim planning a major New Year’s Day address to his nation, a message South Korea’s Yonhap News predicted “will be closely watched by the outside world for any clues as to the North’s policy directions on denuclearization and inter-Korean relations.” It could be inferred that Kim gave Moon a preview of comments he plans to make during the speech. Whatever these comments are, the Blue House is either sincerely optimistic about their positive nature or furiously hoping Kim has a pleasant surprise in store for the world on Tuesday. Korean Peninsula analysts at 38 North took a stab at predicting Kim’s speech on Monday, acknowledging the widespread perception that denuclearization talks have stalled out and there has been little visible work on preparations for a new summit between Trump and Kim despite comments from Trump that a meeting could take place as early as February. A key element of the speech will be the amount of emphasis Kim places on transitioning from military spending and nuclear weapons development to focusing on North Korea’s economy. If Kim puts a strong emphasis on the economy, the thinking goes, it could become harder for him to pursue a course of action that leaves North Korea reeling under the weight of international sanctions and forecloses its much-anticipated economic opening to the outside world. The question then becomes whether Kim renews his commitment to denuclearization or blames the United States for squandering the diplomatic opening of 2018. 38 North expects the latter: He might say something like this: Despite the DPRK’s magnanimity and pathbreaking moves to begin denuclearization, and notwithstanding the positive attitude of Trump (perhaps Moon too, but this time Kim may treat him as a junior partner and mainly address the US), regrettably both Washington and Seoul still harbor reactionary hostile forces, determined to sabotage peace and undermine progress. We are watching these malignant elements closely. If they are allowed to run amok unchecked, we may be forced to doubt the sincerity of the dialogue partner and take a corresponding measure. (It’s surprisingly easy to write this stuff.) Might he name names? The Liberty Korea Party (LKP), South Korea’s conservative main opposition party, may well get an explicit kicking. So might Japan, which North Korean media still regularly excoriate as rudely as until recently they also lambasted the US and South Korea. Then again, Kim could well have hopes of Shinzo Abe joining the queue to talk to him, eventually. He may even pull his punches, leaving the insults to lower-level media. Safer, ergo likelier, is to dwell on issues rather than personalities. Getting into role again, he may state: However, the US side showed deplorable treachery (or insincerity, a milder word; these are the sort of nuances we should look for) on many fronts: imposing fresh sanctions on our blameless leading officials, kicking up a vile racket at the UN about the non-existent human rights issue, all the while insisting gangster-like that the DPRK unilaterally disarm, and so on. Kim might be hoping to divide the international coalition against him by insisting North Korea deserves rewards for the (largely illusory and symbolic) gestures it has made so far. He will signal something much less than denuclearization but better than perpetual doomsday brinkmanship is on the table and invite the rest of the world to accept his offer, castigating the intransigent United States for refusing to do so. His big New Year’s surprise could be a fresh symbolic concession, a gesture such as decommissioning another nuclear or ballistic missile facility, to reinforce the narrative that North Korea is taking all sorts of positive steps but the U.S. refuses to budge an inch. If that is what Kim has in store for Tuesday, it cannot be stressed enough that this juncture was entirely predictable, indeed inevitable. North Korea was always going to try breaking up the coalition and demanding concessions without giving anything in return. 2019 will be a pivotal year not because of unexpected crises or a surprising “stall” in negotiations, but because the entirely predictable end of Phase One in the denuclearization initiative has arrived. Phase Two begins by demonstrating none of North Korea’s old strategies will work this time: there will be no payoff for anything less than complete and total denuclearization, South Korea will not break away from the international coalition, and Russia and China cannot completely undermine the sanctions regime. None of those points could have been effectively made to North Korea any more quickly than this. It is worth remembering that President Trump’s critics assume he was folding completely to Kim after their summit in Singapore. Now, the knock on Trump is that he remains too “unpredictable” (as 38 North dings him for being) and negotiations with North Korea have “stalled out.” The people who said Trump gave away too much in June are now predicting Kim Jong-un will score international diplomatic points by condemning the U.S. as harsh and intransigent. According to South Korean media, Kim used undisclosed methods to send a “letter-like” message to Trump with a “conciliatory” tone on Friday. It is interesting that South Korean and American officials have disclosed no details of this message, nor has President Trump himself, in the past three days. Trump has not said anything about North Korea on Twitter since a message on December 24 that said, “Christmas Eve briefing with my team working on North Korea – progress being made. Looking forward to my next summit with Chairman Kim!” Critics of Trump’s strategy on North Korea keep asserting Kim holds all the cards and has the U.S. and South Korea right where he wants them, as analysts quoted by CNN said on Monday, but so far North Korea has gotten nothing of substance, and the Trump foreign policy team seems unsurprised that Kim has delivered nothing of substance. For all the headline buzz generated by North Korea’s actions in 2018, the year looks like a prelude in retrospect. It is time to discover if President Trump and his team are ready to play the long game that is only just beginning, the game none of his predecessors understood.

polusa

2019_1_test.csv

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The judiciary needs to be more diverse so that the public feel those on the bench are genuinely “our judges” rather than “beings from another planet”, the president of the supreme court has said. In an interview to mark the centenary of the 1919 act that dismantled barriers preventing women from entering the professions, Lady Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UK’s highest court as well as swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives”. Women working in law and other professions are increasingly aware and resentful of earning less than men, said Hale, who is the court’s first female president since its creation 10 years ago. She also described the compulsory retirement age of 70 for judges as a “waste of talent”. Hale has supported the pursuit of gender equality as consistently as she can within the constitutional restraints of her position. There are currently three female justices on the UK’s 12-seat supreme court – a rapid advancement on the position up until mid-2017 when she was the only woman. But how many women should there be? “Ruth Bader Ginsburg [the long-serving US supreme court justice, when asked the same question] famously said: ‘When there are nine’. There are [only] nine justices on the US supreme court bench,” Hale explained. “My own view is up to a quarter [on the UK supreme court] is an important breakthrough but that there’s no right number of justices of either gender. An ideal balance would be at least 60/40 either way. And so we still have a little way to go towards that.” There are several reasons for desiring a more diverse judiciary in terms of gender balance, ethnicity and social background, Hale said. The most important of these is so the public can “look at the judges and say ‘They are our judges’,” rather than seeing them as “beings from another planet”. In the high court, court of appeal and supreme court, a quarter of judges are women. Among district judges, around a third are female. Diversity, Hale said, also helps by bringing “different perspectives to the discussion”, particularly on a “collegiate” court. “We are all products of our background and our experiences, so the greater the diversity, the better.” Having more than one woman on the supreme court had demonstrated that “women are as different to one another as men are” she said, acknowledging that it had been “refreshing” to sit with other women. While overt discrimination is illegal, there remain hurdles to overcome. “We do have in this country a gender pay gap to worry about,” she said. “The more pay is [delivered] through individual negotiation rather than collective agreement, the greater the risk of imbalance. “[Women] are just waking up to the fact that they are not being paid as much. I have heard terrible stories about even successful women barristers being offered out by their [chamber] clerks at less than their male equivalents. That’s an area where there’s still work to do.” Sexual harassment has also caused problems for women at the bar, Hale said. She had not personally experienced problems during her career, she said, but was aware of its sexist culture – at least in the past. “I do recall that when I was being elected to the northern circuit they required young women being elected to get on the table [as an initiation rite],” she said. “They didn’t require me to get on the table. [I don’t know] whether they thought I could not get up or whether [it was because] I was already married to a member of the circuit.” More progress was needed in advancing people from ethnic minority backgrounds into the higher judiciary, Hale said. “It’s not surprising that [the pace of promotion] is slower: it is [only] more recently that members of ethnic minorities have joined the legal profession in larger numbers. Although there’s definitely a way to go, [the discrepancy] may not be as bad as we thought.” There is already a strong presence of ethnic minority judges in tribunals, county courts and among district judges, she said. “The way we can try and improve diversity in the higher echelons is being more open to transfers from other [courts]. And there have been appointments from the upper tier [tribunals] to the high court. So that is beginning to happen [though] it’s still quite slow.” She hoped the judiciary would attract “more people who have had less privileged lives”. Hale added: “I have had a privileged life [but] I don’t come from a privileged background and that is helpful. I have experienced various disappointments and setbacks in my life. I think all of this is quite helpful.” Lady Hale does not approve of positive discrimination, chiefly because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits”. Better outreach efforts to encourage candidates are more productive, she said. Now 73, she is one of a small number of judges appointed before 1995 who are permitted to stay on the bench until they reach the age of 75. All those appointed since then have to retire at 70. Hale follows her predecessor, Lord Neuberger, in questioning that rule given the current shortage of high court judges. “[He] called for the retirement age to go back to 75 and there’s obviously a case for that,” she said. “There’s a waste of talent.” It would help solve the “difficulty of recruiting to the high court bench so that people could be attracted after the most expensive years of life”, she said. “My husband sat until he was 75 in a … property tribunal and no one could possibly doubt he still had a huge amount to offer.” The argument against extending the compulsory retirement age has been that it creates “bed blocking”, slowing the progress of younger judges up the career ladder. “The longer the old, white men [stay on] … the fewer posts there are for the younger more diverse judges,” she said. “But given the recruitment problems, I’m not sure that holds good. It does seem rather sad in these days to have a [retirement] age of 70.” This year the supreme court, having visited Edinburgh and Belfast, is due to sit in Wales. Hale, who was born in Yorkshire, would like to hear cases outside London in the north of England and the West Country. One of her proudest moments, Hale said, was the article 50 case in 2016 that decided the course of Brexit amid a political and media furore. Following the high court decision, the judges were condemned as “enemies of the people” for ruling against the government. “I’m proud of the [article 50, Gina] Miller case because it was a classic constitutional issue about what the government could do and what parliament could do,” Hale explained. “It was reminiscent of the 17th-century battle between parliament and the king. We were reinforcing principles that had been established then.” Moving the law lords out of parliament and into a separate supreme court had made “judicial independence more visible”, she said. The way the media treated the article 50 case at the supreme court was very different to coverage of what happened in the high court, Hale said. This month the supreme court will host a display celebrating the centenary of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act, which enabled women to join the legal profession and others. After Brexit the supreme court is unlikely to continue referring questions about EU law to the European court of justice in Luxembourg. “We shall have to work it out for ourselves,” she said. “Whether it will be for the better or worse, we don’t know.”

polusa

2019_1_test.csv

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The archbishop of Canterbury has urged the country to start 2019 in a “new spirit of openness towards each other” in an attempt to overcome the struggles and divisions of recent years. Justin Welby was delivering a new year message from Lambeth Palace, his London base. Acknowledging that the festive period can be stressful for some families – “sometimes we get on each other’s nerves” – the archbishop drew parallels with wider society. “We’re wonderfully much more diverse than we used to be. Yet we disagree on many things. And we are struggling with how to disagree well. Turn on the television, read the news, and you see a lot that could tempt you to despair,” he said. “Hope lies in our capacity to approach this new year in a spirit of openness towards each other. Committed to discovering more of what it means to be citizens together, even amid great challenges and changes. “That will involve choosing to see ourselves as neighbours, as fellow citizens, as communities each with something to contribute. It will mean gathering around our common values, a common vision and a commitment to one another. “With the struggles and divisions of recent years, that will not be easy. But that difficult work is part of the joy and blessing of being a community.” In recent weeks, Welby has spoken of the need to “calm down the hatreds” over Brexit, and for reconciliation and restraint, while acknowledging it could take 10 years for the fractures to heal after “so much bitterness”. The archbishop is known to have voted remain in the 2015 referendum on the UK’s membership of the European Union but has said the outcome must be respected and people with different views must reconcile. Reconciliation “involves regret and repentance, it involves acknowledging where things went wrong, where you went wrong, where the other went wrong, it involves truth seeking, it is a process that is cautiously piled layer upon layer upon layer until you’ve built this bridge across the gap,” he told ITV in the run-up to Christmas. In his new year address, Welby spoke of the community of young people from around the world who spend almost a year at Lambeth Palace in prayer and contemplation, alongside charity work. Facebook Twitter Pinterest The St Anselm’s community comprises 15-20 people from different Christian traditions. Photograph: PA The St Anselm’s community, which Welby set up three years ago, comprises 15-20 people from different Christian traditions who have given up conventional work and study. Last year, there were 200 applications. Welby described the project as an experiment. He said: “Since 2015 we’ve been bringing together young Christians from around the world to live as a community for 10 months. “They have an extraordinary range of backgrounds, cultures and opinions. They live together, cook together, volunteer with charities together, pray together and – because they’re human – they clash together. “That can be over something as small as the washing-up, or as big as their politics. They are united by one thing: their faith in Jesus Christ … In this community, I find it so powerful that these remarkably different people decide to choose each other.” In September, Welby said there was a renewed interest in religious communities in the UK. “We are witnessing a revival of interest in community life in its different forms: celibate and non-celibate, communal and dispersed, traditional and experimental,” he wrote in the Church Times. Religious community offered an ancient and powerful answer to modern-day commitment-phobia and isolation, he said.

polusa

2019_1_test.csv

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The House of Commons could be brought into disrepute over the “disgraceful” way a damning report into bullying and harassment in Westminster is being taken forward, a former cabinet minister has said. The Conservative MP Maria Miller, who chairs the women and equalities committee, called for “clarity” over when Speaker John Bercow would stand down, as she criticised the rate of change following Dame Laura Cox’s inquiry. The inquiry recommended a shake-up of the senior leadership team, but Miller said the significant issues raised in the report appeared to be being “swept under the carpet”. She said: “It’s absolutely disgraceful the way in which the Cox report is being taken forward, and that significant issues that she raised appear to be being swept under the carpet. I will continue to do everything that I can to make sure that there is an acknowledgement of the need to change the culture here. “We cannot expect other organisations to be heeding or to take note and to act on campaigns like the #MeToo campaign if parliament is selective in the way that it chooses to implement the Cox report. “At the moment it’s clear that a number of modernisation projects here have stalled and that is completely unacceptable and MPs will be taking the matter into their own hands.” She said Cox was “absolutely clear” there would not be a change in the culture unless there was a change in senior management – including Bercow and the Commons Clerk. “Sir David Natzler has announced that he will be leaving; we now need clarity as to when the Speaker will be leaving. “It is difficult to explain to the businesses in this country that are being criticised for poor culture why parliament is not doing more on this, and it is also at risk of bringing the House of Commons into disrepute.” Miller alluded to recent incidents in the Commons between Bercow and female Conservative MPs, including Nicky Morgan questioning his MP selection approach, and allegations that he called Andrea Leadsom a “stupid woman”. She said many people in the Commons had been on the “receiving end of the Speaker’s displeasure”, and wondered whether he understood the “undermining” nature of some of his “outbursts”. “The reason people will not speak out is fear of the Speaker: they are fearful of him and maybe they have just cause to be fearful of him,” Miller added. “He controls your ability to be able to contribute in the chamber, and secondly his outbursts can be very embarrassing and for some people even humiliating.” She added: “Many female colleagues appear to have found themselves on the wrong side of the Speaker, which is curious.” Some Labour MPs have spoken out in support of Bercow remaining as Speaker to see Brexit through the Commons, but Miller said that was “extraordinary” and “not justifiable”. “There can never be any justifiable excuse for delaying change,” she said, “and certainly not in an organisation that should be leading the way.” The Basingstoke MP, who quit the Commons reference group on representation and inclusion in October over Bercow’s chairmanship of the committee, said she hoped to “try and continue to press forward with the sort of improvements that seem to have stalled”. She added that she wanted to “ensure that the new harassment and grievance processes are truly put in place and that outstanding issues that Laura Cox raised, particularly to do with historic allegations, are dealt with swiftly and not simply kicked into the long grass, which is what appears to be happening”. A spokesman for the Speaker said: “The Speaker, alongside the entire House of Commons commission, has committed to swift and lasting change in response to Dame Laura Cox’s report and accepted its key recommendations. A number of changes have already been made in response to the report and the Speaker hopes and expects to see further such progress made in 2019. “The Speaker was elected by the house in 2017 for the course of the parliament. In the event he has anything to say on his future plans, he will make an announcement to the house first.”

polusa

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Once an outsider mocked by fellow lawmakers for his far-right positions, constant use of expletives and even casual dressing, former army captain Jair Bolsonaro is taking office as Brazil's president Tuesday. A fan of U.S. President Donald Trump, the 63-year-old longtime congressman rose to power on an anti-corruption and pro-gun agenda that has energized Brazilian conservatives and hard-right supporters after four consecutive presidential election wins by the left-leaning Workers' Party. Bolsonaro is the latest of several far-right leaders around the world who have come to power by riding waves of anger at the establishment and promises to ditch the status quo. "I will cry" upon seeing Bolsonaro inaugurated, said Paulo de Sousa, a teacher from Rio de Janeiro who traveled to the capital of Brasilia for the ceremony. "It will be a wonderful year. We have to help our president to achieve that. There will be jobs, health and peace." Brasilia will be under tight security, with 3,000 police patrolling the event. Military tanks, fighter jets and even anti-aircraft missiles will also be deployed. The increased security came at Bolsonaro's request. His intestine was pierced when a knife-wielding man stabbed him at a campaign rally in September, and he has to wear a colostomy bag. His sons, politicians themselves, insist their father could be targeted by radicals, but security officials have not spoken of threats. Bolsonaro has done little moderating since being elected in October, with progressives and liberals decrying stances that they say are anti-homosexual, sexist and racist. The incoming president, who spent nearly three decades in Congress, has also drawn international criticism for his plans to roll back regulations in the Amazon and his disinterest in social programs in a country that is one of the world's most unequal in terms of income. On the economic front, where Bolsonaro will ultimately lead Latin America's largest economy is unknown, as during the campaign he reversed course from previous statist stances with pledges to lead market-friendly reforms. He also promised to overhaul Brazil's pension system and privatize several state-owned companies, which has given him wide support among financial players. Bolsonaro says he will prioritize the fight against crime in a nation that has long led the world in annual homicides. More than 63,000 people were killed last year. Human rights groups fear his defense of police violence could shield officers from investigations of misconduct and lead to more extrajudicial killings. The most notable foreign leaders planning to attend the inauguration are also associated with far-right movements: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban. Leftist Presidents Nicolas Maduro of Venezuela and Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua, deemed dictators by Bolsonaro, were uninvited by Bolsonaro's team after the foreign ministry sent them invitations. The United States will be represented by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. Seven of Bolsonaro's 22 Cabinet ministers are former military personnel, more than in any administration during Brazil's 1964-1985 dictatorship. That has sparked fears among his adversaries of a return to autocratic rule, but Bolsonaro insists he will respect the country's constitution. Bolsonaro's vice president is a retired general, Hamilton Mourao. Bolsonaro's Liberal and Social Party will have 52 seats in Brazil's 513-member lower house, the second largest bloc behind the Workers' Party. Michael Shifter, president of the think tank Inter-American Dialogue, believes the president will have trouble achieving major changes. "The obstacles are formidable, including in the business community. In some cases, necessary reform will clash with the business interests and incomes of large numbers of lawmakers," Shifter said. ——— Associated Press writer Stan Lehman and video journalist Diarlei Rodrigues in Brasilia contributed to this report.

polusa

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next Image 1 of 2 prev Image 2 of 2 Taiwanese treasure their autonomy from China, the leader of the self-governing island said Tuesday, warning city and county officials to be open about and exercise caution in any dialogue with the Chinese. President Tsai Ing-wen's remarks come after major gains by a Beijing-friendly opposition party in local elections in late November. "The election results absolutely don't mean Taiwan's basic public opinion wants us to give up our self-rule," she said in an 11-minute New Year's address at the presidential office. "And they absolutely don't mean that the Taiwanese people want us to give ground on our autonomy." China and Taiwan have been governed separately since the Chinese civil war of the 1940s, when Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalists lost to Mao Zedong's Communists. The Nationalists rebased their government to Taiwan, but China insists that the two sides must eventually unite, by force if necessary. The Nationalist Party, which in recent years has favored closer ties with Beijing, won 15 of 22 major seats in the local elections, reversing an advantage held by Tsai's Democratic Progressive Party. Tsai takes a more guarded view toward relations with China. "What's really needed between the two sides is a practical understanding of the differences between values, beliefs and lifestyles," she said. China resents Tsai for declining to recognize its condition for dialogue: that each side sees itself as part of one China. Beijing has sent military aircraft near the island, squeezed Taiwan's foreign diplomacy and scaled back Taiwan-bound group tourism. A New Year's statement from the Chinese official in charge of Taiwan affairs accused Tsai's party of obstruction and deliberate provocation. "The broad masses of Taiwan compatriots are strongly dissatisfied with the hostility caused by the DPP authorities across the Taiwan Strait," Liu Jieyi, the director of the Taiwan Affairs Office, said, referring to Tsai's party by its acronym. "To achieve the complete reunification of the motherland and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the common aspiration of all Chinese people," he said in a message published in an official magazine. Experts say that China will likely offer economic incentives to Taiwanese cities and counties where officials take pro-Beijing views. Tsai warned officials against any reliance on "vague political preconditions" or "forced submission of secret passwords," a reference to giving away secrets. "We don't oppose normal cross-strait exchanges, and even more we don't oppose city-to-city exchanges," she said. "However, exchanges across the strait need to be healthy and they need to be normal." Chinese President Xi Jinping is expected to give a speech Wednesday aimed at Taiwan on the 40th anniversary of the "Message to Compatriots in Taiwan," a pro-unification statement from China that called for steps to end the isolation between the two rivals. Tsai would probably condemn any local official talking privately with Xi, said Shane Lee, political scientist at Chang Jung Christian University in Taiwan. "She thinks that's not only immoral but even illegal, because foreign affairs are the power of the central government, not the local government," Lee said. Lo Chih-cheng, who heads the international department of the Democratic Progressive Party, said Tsai cannot do more with China, because Beijing would credit any progress to the Nationalists. She will do nothing radical to provoke China, but some voters are looking for more action, he said in an early December interview. "People enjoy the status quo, but it's not enough to win the elections," Lo said. Tsai also announced that her government was introducing a three-year plan to attract Taiwanese investors home from China, where some face import tariffs raised by Washington in the U.S.-China trade dispute. She said that Taiwan wants China to share data on an outbreak of African swine fever. Taiwanese officials are on alert against any infection on their island, which lies 160 kilometers (100 miles) across the Taiwan Strait. ___ Associated Press researcher Henry Hou in Beijing contributed to this story.

polusa

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Interested in Donald Trump? Add Donald Trump as an interest to stay up to date on the latest Donald Trump news, video, and analysis from ABC News. Add Interest A look at where the investigations related to President Donald Trump stand and what may lie ahead for him: WHAT'S THIS ALL ABOUT? Trump is facing criminal investigations in Washington and New York. Special counsel Robert Mueller is looking into whether the Trump campaign coordinated with Russia and whether the president obstructed the investigation. Trump also plays a central role in a separate case in New York, where prosecutors have implicated him in a crime. They say Trump directed his personal lawyer Michael Cohen to make illegal hush money payments to two women as a way to quash potential sex scandals during the campaign. ——— WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW TODAY? House Republicans brought an unceremonious end to their yearlong look at the Justice Department's handling of the investigations into Trump's ties to Russia and Democrat Hillary Clinton's emails. In a letter released before Republicans cede the House majority to Democrats, the chairmen of two committees described what they said was the "seemingly disparate treatment" the two probes received during the 2016 presidential election and called on the Justice Department to appoint a special counsel to investigate further. The wrapping up of the congressional investigation, done in a letter and without a full final report, was a quiet end to a probe that was conducted mostly behind closed doors but also in public. Republican lawmakers often criticized interview subjects afterward and suggested they were conspiring against Trump. ——— WHAT'S UP WITH THE ATTORNEY GENERAL NOMINEE? Trump's pick for attorney general, William Barr, sent an unsolicited memo to the Justice Department this year criticizing parts of the Mueller probe as "fatally misconceived." The 20-page memo, sent in June while Barr was in private practice and months before he was selected by Trump for the Justice Department job, may prompt questions about his ability to oversee the special counsel's investigation fairly. The document argues that there could be disastrous consequences for the Justice Department and the presidency if Mueller were to conclude that acts a president is legally permitted to take — such as firing an FBI director — could constitute obstruction of justice, just because someone concludes that there was corrupt intent. ——— SO ... DID THE TRUMP CAMPAIGN COLLUDE WITH RUSSIA? There is no smoking gun when it comes to the question of Russia collusion. But the evidence so far shows a broad range of Trump associates had Russia-related contacts during the 2016 presidential campaign and transition period, and that several lied about the communication. There is also evidence that some people in the president's orbit were discussing a possible email dump from WikiLeaks before it occurred. American intelligence agencies and Mueller have said Russia was the source of hacked material released by WikiLeaks during the campaign that was damaging to Clinton's presidential effort. ——— OTHER QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER: —WHAT ABOUT OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE? That is another unresolved question that Mueller is pursuing. Investigators have examined key episodes such as Trump's firing of former FBI Director James Comey and his fury over the recusal from the investigation of former Attorney General Jeff Sessions. —WHAT DOES TRUMP HAVE TO SAY ABOUT ALL THIS? Trump has repeatedly slammed the Mueller investigation as a "witch hunt" and insisted there was "NO COLLUSION" with Russia. He also says his now-former lawyer, Cohen, lied to get a lighter sentence in New York. ——— For more in-depth information, follow AP coverage at https://apnews.com/TrumpInvestigations

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President Donald Trump has a simple set of resolutions for 2019. "Success and prosperity and health for our country," he said. "That's all I want." In a wide-ranging pretaped phone interview that aired on Fox News' "All American New Year," Trump stressed his desire for a border wall saying, "We have to have border security. The wall is a big part of border security," calling it "100 percent foolproof." Scott Applewhite/AP When asked about the government shutdown, the president said he's "ready, willing and able" to meet with Sen. Chuck Schumer and Rep. Nancy Pelosi "any time they want." "A lot of people are looking to get their paycheck. So I'm ready to go any time they want," Trump said. He also addressed his foreign policy, specifically Syria, where he announced earlier this month troops will be leaving soon. On withdrawing troops from Syria, the president said, "Not only am I able to get out, but I've also won. You look at what I've done. We've largely eradicated ISIS. That doesn't mean we don't totally finish the job. That's going to be a short period of time. We have to bring our troops back home. It is time." AP The president also commented on news of Sen. Elizabeth Warren announcing her presidential exploratory committee Monday saying he's "happy about it" and he thinks "she will be wonderful." But of course he took a few shots at someone he has repeatedly referred to as "Pocahontas" in a mocking tone over her Native American heritage. When asked if he thinks Warren can win, he said, in a comment that is drawing some scorn, "That I don't know. You would have to ask her psychiatrist." "I hope she maybe gets the nomination. That would be a wonderful thing for me," Trump said. Looking ahead in 2019, Trump was entirely positive, saying he thinks the United States will "have a great form of wealth" and "tremendous success with trade deals." He also commented on the military saying, "I think we're going to have tremendously rebuilt military for strength and hopefully we'll never have to use our military. It will be so strong we'll never have to use it." Finally, the biggest winners and losers for 2018 according to Trump: the American people and anyone who tries to take him on in 2020. "I think the winners are the American people. We've gotten them tax cuts and jobs -- jobs like they've never had before," Trump said. "We've taken care of the military and rebuilt large portions and very shortly all of our military, which was depleted. I think that the big winners are the people of the country. That makes me very happy." AP The new year will also bring a focus on the 2020 presidential election -- something Trump was already teasing. "The one that has lost, you know, I don't want to really say. You have certainly a lot of people that wanted to do things that it didn't work out," Trump said. "I think when you look at some of the candidates that are announcing right now, I think they'll end up being the losers. You have a lot of people -- 32 people could be with the Democrats. Let's see what happens." ABC News' Mark Osborne contributed to this report.

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American Consumers helped the 2018 holiday shopping season be bright as they spent more than $850 billion online and in stores — the strongest showing in six years. Those sales also represent a 5.1 percent increase from the 2017 holiday shopping season, according to a report published this month by Mastercard. “A robust shopping season from before Thanksgiving through Christmas has given retailers much to cheer about this year,” the press release announcing the report said. “Online shopping also saw large gains of 19.1 percent compared to 2017.” The Mastercard SpendingPulse report tracked holiday shopping from November 1 through December 24. Key findings reveal that despite weather challenges in some parts of the country, it was a jolly holiday season for retail overall even if the numbers vary based on categories. Mastercard reported: • Total apparel had a strong season with a growth rate of 7.9 percent compared to 2017, recording the best growth rate since 2010. The category followed through on a strong momentum that started during the back-to-school season and accelerated through fall right up to Christmas. • Home improvement spending continued to surge across the U.S. with spending during the holiday season up 9.0 percent. This trend started before the holiday season and helped the sector power through to a strong finish. • Department stores finished the season with a 1.3 percent decline from 2017. This follows two years with growth below 2 percent, some of which can be attributed to store closings. However, the online sales growth for department stores indicated a more positive story, with growth of 10.2 percent. • Electronics and appliances were down 0.7 percent. The home furniture and furnishings category grew 2.3 percent. “From shopping aisles to online carts, consumer confidence translated into holiday cheer for retail,” Steve Sadove, senior advisor for Mastercard and former CEO and Chairman of Saks Incorporated said. “By combining the right inventory with the right mix of online versus in-store, many retailers were able to give consumers what they wanted via the right shopping channels.” News4SanAntonio.com reported on the joyous shopping season: Consumer confidence has remained at its highest levels since before the great recession. Job growth is projected to continue into its 99th straight month, wages have been rising slowly but steadily and many households saw extra take-home pay from the tax cuts. Lower gas prices through December also contributed to the holiday spending spree. AAA reported national gas prices averaged $2.37 this month, the cheapest December pump prices since 2016. “There’s never been a better time to be an American consumer,” Jason Brewer, vice president of communications with the Retail Industry Leaders Association, said in the News4SanAntonio report. “You have so much power at your fingertips to compare prices and to shop around and retailers are meeting that challenge.” Follow Penny Starr on Twitter

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next Image 1 of 2 prev Image 2 of 2 Once an outsider mocked by fellow lawmakers for his far-right positions, constant use of expletives and even casual dressing, former army captain Jair Bolsonaro is taking office as Brazil's president Tuesday. A fan of U.S. President Donald Trump, the 63-year-old longtime congressman rose to power on an anti-corruption and pro-gun agenda that has energized Brazilian conservatives and hard-right supporters after four consecutive presidential election wins by the left-leaning Workers' Party. Bolsonaro is the latest of several far-right leaders around the world who have come to power by riding waves of anger at the establishment and promises to ditch the status quo. "I will cry" upon seeing Bolsonaro inaugurated, said Paulo de Sousa, a teacher from Rio de Janeiro who traveled to the capital of Brasilia for the ceremony. "It will be a wonderful year. We have to help our president to achieve that. There will be jobs, health and peace." Brasilia will be under tight security, with 3,000 police patrolling the event. Military tanks, fighter jets and even anti-aircraft missiles will also be deployed. The increased security came at Bolsonaro's request. His intestine was pierced when a knife-wielding man stabbed him at a campaign rally in September, and he has to wear a colostomy bag. His sons, politicians themselves, insist their father could be targeted by radicals, but security officials have not spoken of threats. Bolsonaro has done little moderating since being elected in October, with progressives and liberals decrying stances that they say are anti-homosexual, sexist and racist. The incoming president, who spent nearly three decades in Congress, has also drawn international criticism for his plans to roll back regulations in the Amazon and his disinterest in social programs in a country that is one of the world's most unequal in terms of income. On the economic front, where Bolsonaro will ultimately lead Latin America's largest economy is unknown, as during the campaign he reversed course from previous statist stances with pledges to lead market-friendly reforms. He also promised to overhaul Brazil's pension system and privatize several state-owned companies, which has given him wide support among financial players. Bolsonaro says he will prioritize the fight against crime in a nation that has long led the world in annual homicides. More than 63,000 people were killed last year. Human rights groups fear his defense of police violence could shield officers from investigations of misconduct and lead to more extrajudicial killings. The most notable foreign leaders planning to attend the inauguration are also associated with far-right movements: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban. Leftist Presidents Nicolas Maduro of Venezuela and Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua, deemed dictators by Bolsonaro, were uninvited by Bolsonaro's team after the foreign ministry sent them invitations. The United States will be represented by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. Seven of Bolsonaro's 22 Cabinet ministers are former military personnel, more than in any administration during Brazil's 1964-1985 dictatorship. That has sparked fears among his adversaries of a return to autocratic rule, but Bolsonaro insists he will respect the country's constitution. Bolsonaro's vice president is a retired general, Hamilton Mourao. Bolsonaro's Liberal and Social Party will have 52 seats in Brazil's 513-member lower house, the second largest bloc behind the Workers' Party. Michael Shifter, president of the think tank Inter-American Dialogue, believes the president will have trouble achieving major changes. "The obstacles are formidable, including in the business community. In some cases, necessary reform will clash with the business interests and incomes of large numbers of lawmakers," Shifter said. ___ Associated Press writer Stan Lehman and video journalist Diarlei Rodrigues in Brasilia contributed to this report.

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The identification of the 45th president with an ancient Middle Eastern potentate isn’t a fringe thing. “The Trump Prophecy” was produced with the help of professors and students at Liberty University, whose president, Jerry Falwell Jr., has been instrumental in rallying evangelical support for Mr. Trump. Jeanine Pirro of Fox News has picked up on the meme, as has Ron Dermer, the Israeli ambassador to the United States, among many others. As the Trump presidency falls under siege on multiple fronts, it has become increasingly clear that the so-called values voters will be among the last to leave the citadel. A lot of attention has been paid to the supposed paradox of evangelicals backing such an imperfect man, but the real problem is that our idea of Christian nationalism hasn’t caught up with the reality. We still buy the line that the hard core of the Christian right i s just an interest group working to protect its values. But what we don’t get is that Mr. Trump’s supposedly anti-Christian attributes and anti-democratic attributes are a vital part of his attraction. Today’s Christian nationalists talk a good game about respecting the Constitution and America’s founders, but at bottom they sound as if they prefer autocrats to democrats. In fact, what they really want is a king. “It is God that raises up a king,” according to Paula White, a prosperity gospel preacher who has advised Mr. Trump. Ralph Drollinger, who has led weekly Bible study groups in the White House attended by Vice President Mike Pence and many other cabinet members, likes the word “king” so much that he frequently turns it into a verb. “Get ready to king in our future lives,” he tells his followers. “Christian believers will — soon, I hope — become the consummate, perfect governing authorities!” The great thing about kings like Cyrus, as far as today’s Christian nationalists are concerned, is that they don’t have to follow rules. They are the law. This makes them ideal leaders in paranoid times.

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Peru's attorney general late Monday dismissed a team investigating the far-reaching Odebrecht corruption scandal, setting off street protests in cities across the country. President Martin Vizcarra quickly denounced the move, saying it undercuts Peru's drive to purge corruption. "The head-on fight against corruption and impunity is a priority of this government," Vizcarra said on Twitter. Two of the five supreme prosecutors called the decision by Attorney General Pedro Chavarry "a death blow" to the anti-corruption fight and urged him to reverse it. The dismissal came just weeks before the Brazilian construction giant was set to reveal key evidence against powerful former Peruvian officials. Executives at Odebrecht have acknowledged that it distributed millions in bribes across Latin America, including $29 million in Peru, to obtain lucrative government contracts. The prosecutor's office is investigating all the Peruvian presidents who governed from 2001 to 2018 for alleged crimes of corruption and money laundering. Chavarry's action set off demonstrations by hundreds of citizens in the capital of Lima and three other cities. Protesters shouted phrases like "Out with Chavarry" as they waved Peruvian flags. The attorney general called a news conference to announce his decision but he then took no questions. He said the dismissal was necessary to nullify the appointment of the prosecutor heading the team of investigators. The removal imperils an agreement with Odebrecht to participate in the investigation entailing some 40 separate cases. "I fear that the Brazilian company will back off because it is not going to have guarantees of what had been achieved with the prosecutors," Odebrecht prosecutor Jorge Ramirez told a local radio station. Prosecutor Jose Domingo Perez was investigating opposition leader Keiko Fujimori for allegedly laundering $1.2 million from the construction company for her 2011 presidential campaign. The leader of the Popular Force Party is imprisoned for 36 months while she is being investigated. Perez was also investigating former President Alan Garcia for allegedly receiving $ 100,000 from Odebrecht and got a judge to bar the former president from leaving Peru. Perez returned to his office at night to safeguard the documentation of the cases he investigates. "I feel indignant, disappointed. It is an irregular decision, the anti-corruption fight is affected," he told reporters.

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The unified command responsible for the United States’ nuclear strike capabilities drew attention on Monday when it tweeted a message and video that threatened the possibility of dropping a bomb. In the tweet, which was posted as Americans prepared to celebrate New Year’s Eve and was deleted about three hours later, the United States Strategic Command said the nation was “ready to drop something.” A video that was part of the tweet showed a B-2 stealth bomber soaring across the sky before releasing two GPS-guided bombs that exploded into a giant ball of fire after hitting the ground below. In the video, which was viewed more than 120,000 times, pulsing music beats in the background as the words “STEALTH,” “READY” and “LETHAL” flash across the screen in white block letters.

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WASHINGTON—The Trump administration’s immigration crackdown has reverberated through the federal courts, with 2018 seeing a 40% increase in defendants charged with unauthorized reentry to the U.S., according to the year-end report on the federal judiciary released Monday by Chief Justice John Roberts. At the same time, former Attorney General Jeff Sessions’s opposition to marijuana use—and its continued prohibition under federal law—didn’t stem state-level movement toward the drug’s acceptance. The number of marijuana defendants...

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2019_1_test.csv0 53010215 1 59549287 2 59633617 3 52963105 4 18321756 ... 162989 4829910 162990 4889401 162991 4884295 162992 4760206 162993 4533244 Name: id, Length: 162994, dtype: int64

As Louis C.K.’s sexually explicit standup rant continues to make the rounds across the internet after being leaked Sunday, people of color are pointing out the racist jokes he made about black and Asian men. The disgraced comedian, whose Dec. 16 set at the Governor’s Comedy Club in Long Island, New York, surfaced on YouTube, was heard mocking survivors of the Parkland, Florida, high school massacre. Many people of color on social media pointed out that the comedian also took jabs at Asian and black men, making several tired jokes about their genitals. “My life is over. I don’t give a shit. You can, you can be offended, it’s OK. You can get mad at me. Anyway. So why do black guys have big dicks? Let’s talk about that for a minute.” He goes on to talk about just that, adding in his own take on natural selection. Then he launched into a tirade that drew on emasculating stereotypes about Asian men’s penises ― and their math skills. Needless to say, people were not pleased with the comedian’s further perpetuation of racial and sexual stereotypes. louis ck's new inspiration is 13yo edgelords pic.twitter.com/VqyIKlK59N — Inkoo Kang (@inkookang) December 31, 2018 Louis CK: "Why do Asians have small dicks? Because they're all women." This after he goes on about giant black dicks. Cheap ass comedy. Supposedly this is a shocking turn towards racism. CK's shat on Asian people regularly throughout his entire career. — Five Alive (@Mont_Jiang) December 31, 2018 Ok Louis CK’s Asian man jokes puts him at Amy Schumer levels of unfunny (she also made similar, tired jokes). Forget social commentary, this is just sad. https://t.co/bNoAkltXds — Gene Park (@GenePark) December 31, 2018

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FILE PHOTO: U.S. President Donald Trump takes part in a welcoming ceremony with China's President Xi Jinping at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, November 9, 2017. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj/File Photo BEIJING (Reuters) - History shows that cooperation is the best choice for both China and the United States, Chinese President Xi Jinping told U.S. President Donald Trump in a congratulatory message on Tuesday to mark 40 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations. The two countries are currently engaged in a truce in their bitter trade war, holding talks to try and end a dispute that has seen them level increasingly severe tariffs on each others’ imports. In his message to Trump, Xi said China-U.S. relations have experienced ups and downs and made historic progress over the past four decades, state news agency Xinhua said. This has brought huge benefits to the two peoples and has contributed greatly to world peace, stability and prosperity, Xi added. “History has proved that cooperation is the best choice for both sides,” Xi said. Sino-U.S. relations are in an important stage, he added. “I attach great importance to the development of China-U.S. relations and am willing to work with President Trump to summarize the experience of the development of China-U.S. relations and implement the consensus we have reached in a joint effort to advance China-U.S. relations featuring coordination, cooperation and stability so as to better benefit the two peoples as well as the people of the rest of the world,” he said. This year marks a series of sensitive anniversaries for China, including, in June, 30 years since the bloody crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrators in and around Beijing’s Tiananmen Square. On Wednesday, Xi will make his first public appearance at an anniversary-related event, giving a speech about self-ruled Taiwan, which China claims as its sacred territory, on the 40th anniversary of a key policy statement that led to a thaw in relations with the island.

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A Turkish television network broadcast video on Monday showing men with suitcases supposedly containing the remains of Jamal Khashoggi, the dissident writer killed by Saudi agents in October. After weeks of shifting stories about Mr. Khashoggi’s disappearance, Saudi Arabia said that its agents had killed him in the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul during a botched mission to take him back to the kingdom. The Saudi account of the killing has continued to change since then, without providing clues about an enduring mystery of the murder: What happened to Mr. Khashoggi’s remains? Turkish officials have said that Saudi agents disassembled Mr. Khashoggi’s body with a bone saw, and probably carried the remains out of the consulate in suitcases.

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Suspected jihadis remotely detonated a bomb on Monday near the entrance of a mall in the southern Philippines, killing at least two and wounding nearly 30 others as they did last minute shopping ahead of the New Year’s Eve celebrations in an attack that officials say bears the hallmarks of the Islamic State (ISIS/ISIL). The Associated Press (AP) reported: The bomb went off at the South Seas mall in Cotabato city [in the southern Philippines], wounding shoppers, vendors, and commuters. Authorities recovered another unexploded bomb nearby as government forces imposed a security lockdown in the city, military and police officials said. Maj. Gen. Cirilito Sobejana said an initial investigation showed the design of the bomb was similar to those used in the past by local Muslim militants who have pledged allegiance to the Islamic State group. The Filipino general described the attack as “retaliation” for a government offensive that began last week against jihadis from the ISIS-linked group called Daulah Islamiyah. “This is a part of the retaliation, but the problem is they’re victimizing innocent civilians,” Sobejana told reporters. AP noted: The bombing, the latest in a number of attacks blamed on militants in the volatile region, occurred despite on-and-off military assaults against pockets of militant groups operating in the marshlands and hinterlands not far from Cotabato and outlying provinces. Hundreds of militants aligned with the Islamic State group laid siege in the southern Islamic city of Marawi in May last year, sparking five months of intense fighting and military air strikes that left more than 1,100 mostly militants dead and displaced hundreds of thousands of villagers. An assessment by the Pentagon’s office of the inspector general (OIG) released in November revealed that the number of ISIS fighters in the Philippines has more than doubled from 200 to 500 in the last few months. According to the Guardian, old and new ISIS arrivals in Christian-majority Philippines are trying to re-establish the east Asia wilayah (or East Asia ISIS province) crushed by the Filipino army in October 2017. Despite the near total collapse of the ISIS territorial caliphate in Iraq and Syria, the terrorist group continues to operate several international affiliates in various corners of the world. Echoing other assessments, the Guardian reported in November that the growing number ISIS jihadis in the Philippines is galvanizing local terrorist groups in nation’s Muslim-majority island of Mindanao into renewing efforts to establish a caliphate in the region. “The presence of foreign fighters is known to energize and embolden local pro-ISIS groups and there are increasing concerns of a renewed bid to declare a caliphate in Mindanao,” the newspaper pointed out. In October, the Washington Times, citing the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), noted that there are moreISIS-linked foreign fighters in Southeast Asia now, namely in the Mindanao region, than there ever were during the peak of the U.S.-led wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.

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Image copyright Getty Images Image caption A woman collecting plastic at a waste dump in Indonesia - in the year to October, the country received 63,000 tonnes of UK plastic A year ago, experts warned that the UK could face a mountain of waste plastic as China imposed a ban on waste imports. In recent years, the UK has heavily relied on China to take our unwanted plastic packaging. Three years ago, the UK was exporting half a million tonnes of plastic to China and Hong Kong - accounting for almost two-thirds of all our plastic sent abroad. China introduced its ban on "foreign garbage" as part of a move to upgrade its industries 12 months ago. At the time, the UK recycling industry warned that the decision would be a "game-changer" and that it would be a struggle to deal with the country's waste. Where is that plastic mountain? Well, it hasn't appeared - partly thanks to other countries taking our waste plastic instead, and partly because we are burning more of it. In the wake of mass public alarm about plastic pollution we may also be producing less plastic waste, although it's impossible to be sure of the figures Who has taken our waste instead of China? In the 12 months to October 2018, our analysis of Environment Agency figures shows that the UK exported a total of 611,000 tonnes of recovered plastic packaging to other countries. In the previous 12-month period (ie to October 2017), the UK exported 683,000 tonnes. So that works out as a drop in exports of 72,000 between 2016-17 and 2017-2018. It's clear that other countries have imported much of the plastic packaging previously reprocessed by China. But incineration in the UK has also increased, and we may be seeing the benefits of the Blue Planet effect on public behaviour. The fact is we can't be certain from the data what exactly has happened to the shortfall. Where did our plastic packaging go in 2018? Well, where there's waste plastic there's potentially profit - because some of it can be lucratively recycled. So some nations have geared up their reprocessing plants to welcome our waste with open arms. Many Chinese recyclers moved their operations abroad to benefit from cheap flows of plastic in the region before then re-exporting it back to China as recycled pellets. But not all of it has been welcomed. Several countries including Indonesia, Vietnam and Taiwan have heavily restricted imports because shipments were blocking ports and the quality of the material being imported (from all countries) was poor. So while the amount of plastic taken by China dropped by 94% between 2016-17 and 2017-18, Malaysia, Turkey, Poland and Indonesia led the pack in gobbling up the slack. Malaysia imported 105,000 tonnes in total and was way out in front. That total was 42,000 (68%) more in 2017-18 compared with the previous year. The second most popular destination was Turkey (80,000 tonnes). Poland is in third place on the league table - although it actually received slightly less UK plastic in 2017-18 than it did in 2016-17. It's not clear why. In fourth place is Indonesia, which along with Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam - is in the top 10 for the quantity of waste plastics polluting the ocean. Which countries recorded the biggest increase in UK plastic over the period? Another way of analysing the data is to rank the numbers in terms of net increase (ie which countries recorded the biggest increase in 2017-18 compared with 2016-17). On this measure, Malaysia and Turkey remain at the top while Indonesia stays in the top five. The new entries (replacing Poland and the Netherlands) are Spain and France. Spain recorded an increase of 14,000 between 2016-17 and 2017-18, and France was just behind on 9,000. Of course, sending material abroad for recycling doesn't necessarily mean it actually gets recycled. Waste firms in the receiving country may sift through the rubbish, take out the economically valuable material and burn or even dump the rest. The waste industry is notorious in some places for its links with criminal activity. The global illegal waste trade is estimated by the UN to be worth between £8bn-£9.5bn a year. Case study: Malaysia Image copyright Mageswari Sangaralingam Image caption Campaigners say illegal waste dumps in Malaysia have become a problem since China's plastic import ban Since China's ban, Malaysia has seen a big surge in the amount of plastic it has received from abroad, including from the UK. "Malaysia is not able to process all of the imported waste, there are limited plastic waste factories", says Mageswari Sangaralingam who works for the Consumers' Association of Penang and for Friends of the Earth, Malaysia. According to Ms Sangaralingam, not only is Malaysia receiving more plastic than it can properly dispose of, some of it is low-grade which ends up as landfill. There are also some rogue recyclers who, she says, burn plastic in the open - leading to environmental harm. The Malaysian government has announced stricter conditions on the import of plastic and says it wants to phase it out over the next three years - but Ms Sangaralingam wants an immediate outright ban. "Malaysia is not a dumping ground and hence should stop importing plastic waste," she says. Image copyright Mageswari Sangaralingam Image caption Could Malaysia follow China's lead and ban plastic imports outright? What's the UK doing about the issue? The British Plastics Federation (BPF) told us it was "very worried" about the export of poor quality plastic waste. The chairman of its recycling group, Roger Baynham, told us all that UK companies should make the very best efforts to ensure plastic goes to reputable recyclers: "The export of plastic waste is out of the control of the industry and the BPF is particularly concerned about recent reports of illegal and fraudulent exports of plastic packaging waste routed to Asia through Holland." The BPF also told us it would support a global accreditation system for the waste export sector and that recycling should be done at home. Environment Secretary Michael Gove says the UK must stop "off-shoring its dirt". We asked the UK government why it didn't simply ban the export of waste plastic. We were told that while the UK was committed to "recycling more at home" there is a "legitimate export market for plastics particularly for countries that manufacture new products out of recycled plastic waste". Mr Gove wants to stimulate more recycling, but UK firms wanting to process more waste in Britain complain it's hard to get funding. "There are very few countries left where we can comfortably export to and the market is shrinking," warns Simon Ellin, chief executive of the UK Recycling Association. "People don't want to buy this material, so where on earth is this all going to go?" he adds. Mr Ellin is largely supportive of the government's new waste strategy plan, but says the UK must expand its processing capacity at a faster pace: "We're almost at a crisis point, unless we get a plan quickly," he says. Less than half of all household waste is recycled Overall recycling figures have stagnated and some councils are burning 80% of all residual waste, including recyclable plastic and paper. In the 12 months to March, 50 of 123 councils incinerated more than half the household rubbish they collected, including plastic and paper, official figures recently revealed. The worst are in London. Westminster burned 82% of all household and recyclable rubbish. Less than half of all household waste (45.2%) was recycled in 2017 - a minuscule rise of just 0.3% on the previous year. The UK now seems unlikely to reach the EU-enforced target of 50% recycling in the next two years. The Western Riverside Waste Authority, which covers Hammersmith and Fulham, Kensington and Chelsea, Lambeth and Wandsworth, incinerated 79% as did Lewisham and Tower Hamlets. Slough, Kirklees, Sunderland, Portsmouth and Birmingham councils all incinerated at least 70% of all plastic, paper and household rubbish. Swindon Borough Council said in November it wants to burn plastic along with other rubbish rather than sending it abroad for recycling - saying some "isn't properly recycled". Analysis by the BBC suggests that recycling rates are being hindered by the myriad of different rules which are in play up and down the country. It found that nearly half (47%) of Britons asked said they disagree about what should and should not be recycled. Claire Shrewsbury, from the recycling body Wrap, told BBC News: "The time has come for the UK to take more responsibility for its own recovered materials, and move towards a circular system for plastics and other materials. "There is a global market for high quality resource exports to countries that manufacture products, and this is something the UK should explore. "This will require fundamental change from all of us. And that means regulatory transformation, collaborative industry action, together with citizen behaviour change." Ms Shrewsbury aims her comments at anyone who buys stuff and throws packaging away. That's all of us. Follow Roger on Twitter @rharrabin Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter

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WASHINGTON – Mar-a-Lago’s $1,000-a-ticket New Year’s Eve party was left without its featured attraction on Monday, when club owner President Donald Trump remained in Washington because of the government shutdown he created over a border wall he had promised Mexico would pay for. Trump had planned to spend both Christmas and New Year’s at his for-profit Mar-a-Lago resort, as he has done for years. Instead, he canceled his 16-day golfing vacation and spent the final day of 2018 at the White House, posting angry tweets about Democrats, who are refusing to agree to spend billions of taxpayer dollars for a wall along the U.S.-Mexican border. “I’m in the Oval Office. Democrats, come back from vacation now and give us the votes necessary for Border Security, including the Wall,” Trump wrote. What else Trump did at the White House on Monday, apart from watching television, is not readily apparent. The White House press office stopped disseminating his public schedule two weeks ago and did not respond to HuffPost queries about Trump’s activities. Since the shutdown, Trump has been blaming Democrats. Nevertheless, it was the president himself who brought about the partial government shutdown by reneging on his agreement to sign a short-term spending bill to fund the quarter of the federal government that wasn’t covered by earlier bills he had already signed into law. Trump reversed course after Fox News and radio talk show hosts ridiculed him for caving on his campaign promise to build a border wall. Trump insisted the new spending plan include $5 billion for the wall — even though he had promised hundreds of times during his campaign that his “great, great” wall would not cost Americans anything because he would force Mexico to pay for it. That left some 800,000 federal government employees in paycheck limbo. About half were furloughed when funding for their agencies ran out at midnight Dec. 21; the other half were deemed “essential” and forced to work anyway. None will receive another paycheck until Trump has signed a bill resuming funding. When that might take place is unclear. Trump has vowed he will not accept any measure that does not include billions for his wall — although the precise nature of that wall is now unknown — while Democrats say they are not interested in spending U.S. taxpayer money on a project Trump had promised he would make Mexico finance. ASSOCIATED PRESS Republicans still control both the House and Senate, but Trump has focused his attacks on Democrats. Because Republicans only have 51 seats in the Senate, they need at least nine Democratic senators to reach the 60-vote threshold needed to pass legislation in that chamber. The Democrats’ position only gets stronger on Thursday, when California Democratic Rep. Nancy Pelosi is set to become the next speaker after her party picked up 40 seats and control of the House in the November midterm elections. Her plan is to pass a spending package of bills that already cleared the Senate appropriations committee to provide full-year funding for most of the affected agencies, and also a two-month extension for the Department of Homeland Security. The idea of a short-term extension for all of the unfunded agencies was considered so uncontroversial that Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell brought it to the floor for a voice vote, where it passed unanimously on Dec. 19. Those votes of approval from Senate Republicans, though, will carry no weight with McConnell now, a top aide said Monday. “It’s simple: The Senate is not going to send something to the president that he won’t sign,” said Don Stewart. Should McConnell refuse to take up those bills after the Democratic House passes them, that will prove he is merely a rubber stamp for Trump and his whims, Democrats said.

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2019_1_test.csv0 53010215 1 59549287 2 59633617 3 52963105 4 18321756 ... 162989 4829910 162990 4889401 162991 4884295 162992 4760206 162993 4533244 Name: id, Length: 162994, dtype: int64

Human feces, overflowing garbage, illegal off-roading and other damaging behavior in fragile areas were beginning to overwhelm some of the American west’s most popular national parks on Monday, as a partial government shutdown left the areas open to visitors but with little staff on duty. Trump 'ready and willing' to make a deal as shutdown chaos continues Read more “It’s a free-for-all,” Dakota Snider, 24, who lives and works in Yosemite Valley, said by telephone Monday, as Yosemite national park officials announced closings of some minimally supervised campgrounds and public areas within the park that are overwhelmed. “It’s so heartbreaking. There is more trash and human waste and disregard for the rules than I’ve seen in my four years living here,” Snider said. The 10th day of the partial federal government shutdown, which has forced furloughs of hundreds of thousands of federal government employees, has left many parks without most of the rangers and others who staff campgrounds and otherwise keep parks running. It’s really a nightmare scenario John Garder, National Parks Conservation Association Unlike shutdowns in some previous administrations, the Trump administration was leaving parks open to visitors despite the staff furloughs, said John Garder, the senior budget director of the not-for-profit National Parks Conservation Association. “We’re afraid that we’re going to start seeing significant damage to the natural resources in parks and potentially to historic and other cultural artifacts,” Garder said. “We’re concerned there’ll be impacts to visitors’ safety.” Garder added: “It’s really a nightmare scenario.” . Spokespeople with the interior department did not immediately return emails seeking comment on Monday. Jeremy Barnum, a National Park Service spokesman, had said as the shutdown took hold that “national parks will remain as accessible as possible while still following all applicable laws and procedures.” In practice, that meant on Monday that many park toilets were closed or filled to overflowing, despite holiday crowds. Facebook Twitter Pinterest Park rangers stand at the closed gate to Joshua tree national park. Photograph: Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images Campers at Joshua Tree national park in southern California’s deserts were reporting squabbles as different families laid claims to sites, with no rangers on hand to adjudicate, said Ethan Feltges, who operates the Coyote Corner gift shop outside Joshua Tree. Feltges and other business owners around Joshua Tree had stepped into the gap as much as possible, hauling trailers into the park to empty overflowing trash bins and sweeping and stocking restrooms that were still open, Feltges said. Feltges himself had set up a portable toilet at his store to help the visitors still streaming in and out of the park. He was spending his days standing outside his store, offering tips about the park in place of the rangers who normally would be present. Crisis in our national parks: how tourists are loving nature to death Read more “The whole community has come together,” Feltges said, also by phone. “Everyone loves the park. And there’s a lot of businesses that actually need the park.” Most visitors were being respectful of the desert wilderness and park facilities, Joshua Tree’s superintendent, David Smith, said in a statement. But some are seizing on the shortage of park staffers to off-road illegally and otherwise damage the park, as well as relieving themselves in the open, a park statement said. Joshua Tree said it would begin closing some campgrounds for all but day use. Meanwhile, some visitors have strung Christmas lights in the twisting Joshua trees, many of which are hundreds of years old, the Los Angeles Times reported. At Yosemite, Snider, the local resident, said crowds of visitors were driving into the park to take advantage of free admission, with only a few park rangers working and a limited number of restrooms open. Visitors were allowing their dogs to run off-leash in an area rich with bears and other wildlife, and scattering bags of garbage along the roads, Snider said. “You’re looking at Yosemite Falls and in front of you is plastic bottles and trash bags,” he said. Facebook Twitter Pinterest Visitors near Yosemite Falls. The park has just a few rangers and a limited number of restrooms. Photograph: Scott Smith/AP In Yellowstone national park, private companies have picked up some of the maintenance normally done by federal workers. The contractors that operate park tours by snowmobile, buses and vans are grooming trails, hauling trash and replacing toilet paper at pit toilets and restrooms along their routes. Nearly all roads inside Yellowstone are normally closed for winter, meaning most visitors at this time of the year access park attractions like Old Faithful or the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone through guides. Those guides are splitting the cost of grooming the trails used by their vehicles to keep their operations going, said Travis Watt, the general manager of See Yellowstone Alpen Guides based in West Yellowstone, Montana. The tour companies can likely keep this system going through the entire winter season if they need to, Watt said. “It’s definitely not our preference – the park service does a good job doing their thing and we hate to see them out of work,” Watt said. “But it’s something we can handle.”

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2019_1_test.csv0 53010215 1 59549287 2 59633617 3 52963105 4 18321756 ... 162989 4829910 162990 4889401 162991 4884295 162992 4760206 162993 4533244 Name: id, Length: 162994, dtype: int64

Breaking News Emails Get breaking news alerts and special reports. The news and stories that matter, delivered weekday mornings. / Updated / Source: Reuters SEOUL - North Korean leader Kim Jong Un said on Tuesday that his resolve for complete denuclearization remains unchanged but he may have to seek a "new path" if the United States continues to demand unilateral action from North Korea. In his New Year address, Kim said there would be faster progress on denuclearization if the United States takes corresponding action. He added that he is willing to meet U.S. President Donald Trump at any time to produce results that the international community would welcome. North Korea however would have "no option but to explore a new path in order to protect our sovereignty" if the United States "miscalculates our people's patience, forces something upon us and pursues sanctions and pressure without keeping a promise it made in front of the world," Kim said. It was not clear what "new path" the North Korean leader was referring to. Kim and Trump vowed to work toward denuclearization and build a "lasting and stable" peace regime at their landmark summit in Singapore in June, but both sides have since been struggling to make progress. Pyongyang has demanded Washington lift sanctions and declare an official end to the 1950-53 Korean War in response to its initial, unilateral steps toward denuclearization, including dismantling its only known nuclear testing site and a key missile engine facility. Kim also called for South Korea to "completely stop" joint military drills with the United States involving strategic assets, while multilateral negotiations should be pursued to build a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula. "Now that North and South Korea decided on the path of peace and prosperity, we insist that joint military exercises with outside forces should no longer be allowed and deployment of war weapons such as outside strategic assets should be completely stopped," Kim said.

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2019_1_test.csv0 53010215 1 59549287 2 59633617 3 52963105 4 18321756 ... 162989 4829910 162990 4889401 162991 4884295 162992 4760206 162993 4533244 Name: id, Length: 162994, dtype: int64

Breaking News Emails Get breaking news alerts and special reports. The news and stories that matter, delivered weekday mornings. / Source: Reuters SEOUL - North Korean leader Kim Jong Un said on Tuesday that his resolve for complete denuclearization remains unchanged but he may have no option but to seek a "new path" if the United States continues to demand unilateral action from North Korea. In his New Year address, Kim said there would be faster progress on denuclearization if the United States takes corresponding action. He added that he is willing to meet U.S. President Donald Trump at any time. Kim also called for South Korea to stop joint military exercises with "outside forces" involving strategic assets, while multilateral negotiations should be pursued to build a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula.

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The president offered an unsparing, if broad, assessment of the protest movement, saying that some “take as a pretext that they are speaking in the name of the people” when “in fact they are merely speaking for a hateful mob that takes after elected officials, the police, journalists, Jews, foreigners, homosexuals.” “This is quite simply the negation of France,” Mr. Macron said. He was referring to some extremist rhetoric that has emerged most recently on the fringes of the Yellow Vest movement, which began as a citizen revolt over a rise in gasoline taxes, then spread quickly all over France as it encompassed general anger over economic inequality and a heavy fiscal burden. In its latest stages, the protests have veered on the fringes into hate-filled rhetoric. Mr. Macron’s tone on Monday was true to form — he has been accused of being didactic — and it was uncertain if his words would be enough to calm a country that is seeing some of the greatest expressions of popular anger in 50 years. Mr. Macron said the anger “had come from far back,” suggesting that it had started well before the beginning of his presidency in 2017. Yet while a big tax burden has been a feature of French life for several decades, Mr. Macron himself has become a symbol of economic inequality for many of the protesters. Early in his presidency, he enacted measures (mostly symbolic) to lighten the tax load on the wealthy and employers, while ratcheting up the burden (again symbolically) on the less well-to-do, including retirees on state pensions.

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2019_1_test.csv0 53010215 1 59549287 2 59633617 3 52963105 4 18321756 ... 162989 4829910 162990 4889401 162991 4884295 162992 4760206 162993 4533244 Name: id, Length: 162994, dtype: int64

An Alabama sheriff personally banked $1.5 million in federal funds allocated to feed undocumented immigrants arrested by Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers, according to an investigation by AL.com. Etowah County Sheriff Todd Entrekin collected the money over a three-year period beginning in 2011, AL.com reported. The funds were provided as part of a federal contract to use Etowah County Detention Center to hold hundreds of undocumented immigrants who face federal legal proceedings over their immigration status and any alleged crimes. In addition, Entrekin also admitted at a news conference in early 2018 that he kept $750,000 in food funds from 2015 to 2017. He purchased a beach house valued at $740,000 soon after, The Birmingham News reported. Alabama state law allows sheriffs to keep unspent money allocated for inmate food. The Southern Center for Human Rights says that the policy “invites public corruption.” Critics say the state law allowing sheriffs to pocket taxpayer funds should not apply to federal money. AL.com, which includes The Birmingham News, The Huntsville Times and Mobile’s Press-Register, discovered Entrekin’s $1.5 federal windfall in a search of hundreds of pages of county and sheriff’s office records. Entrekin, who earns close to a $100,000 salary, turned over an additional $1.5 million during that time to Etowah County’s general fund for use on a variety of local needs, reported AL.com. A local official confirmed that it’s routine for Entrekin and the county to split any unspent federal funds. “With the ICE funds, the money comes in here, we show all the salaries that are paid ... and the different expenses that are paid for ICE that we’re required to show,” county Chief Administration Officer David Akins told AL.com. “At the bottom line, say if we had $100,000 [left] at the end of the year, then the [county] commission should get $50,000 and the sheriff would get $50,000.” ICE could not immediately be reached for comment. Entrekin told the News in 2018: “The law says [food funds are] a personal account and that’s the way I’ve always done it.” Not all Alabama counties allow the practice. Entrekin runs the only country facility holding hundreds of immigrant inmates for the federal government. Entrekin lost the GOP primary for sheriff in June and will leave his job in January. He blames news coverage of his beach house purchase for his loss. Federal rates for housing undocumented immigrants vary from state to state. Immigrants likely to be incarcerated for long periods of time because of complicated cases tend to be sent to the cheapest places, such as Alabama, according to AL.com. Inmates have complained about spoiled food served past expiration dates, and kitchen workers have confirmed that food is often rotten, reported AL.com. In one case, food collected in a train wreck was fed to inmates to save federal money that the sheriff and county could then pocket. Inmate advocates have also complained about poor medical care and a lack of outdoor recreation at the Etowah County Detention Center. The law allowing sheriffs to pocket unspent food funds was at the center of a 2018 lawsuit filed by the Southern Center for Human Rights and the Alabama Appleseed Center for Law and Justice. Forty-nine Alabama country sheriffs were sued over their refusal to produce public records revealing their take of funds allocated to feed inmates.